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Wang L, Li F, Liu T, Ouyang C, Wang X, Li M, Huang Z, Huang J, Wang L, Wang X. Identification of a multidrug resistance genomic island harboring a nonfunctional optrA gene in Campylobacter coli of chicken origin. Vet Microbiol 2024; 293:110083. [PMID: 38593623 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Campylobacter spp., such as Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli, are important zoonotic Gram-negative pathogens that cause acute intestinal diseases in humans. In this study, a retrospective analysis was conducted on previously collected Campylobacter isolates from antimicrobial resistance surveillance. A total of 29 optrA-positive C. coli strains were identified and subjected to second-generation sequencing. Multilocus sequence typing and single nucleotide polymorphism analyses demonstrated that the 29 optrA-positive isolates were genetically homogeneous. Notably, among the 29 isolated strains, the ΔoptrA variants exhibit a nonsense mutation at position 979 where the base C is substituted by T, leading to the formation of a premature termination codon. The alignment of sequences and genetic environmental characteristics suggested that ΔoptrA located on a chromosomally carried multidrug-resistant genomic island. There are other resistant genes on the multidrug resistance genomic island, such as aph(2'')-If, aph(3')-III, aadE, tet(O), tet(L), cat, erm(A), optrA and blaOXA-61. As a result, the 29 ΔoptrA-positive strains displayed susceptibility to both florfenicol and linezolid. The ΔoptrA gene is linked to the erm(A) gene, resulting in the formation of translocatable unit (TU) that are encompassed by two copies of IS1216 mobile elements. Multiple occurrences of similar TUs have been documented in numerous C. coli and provided evidence for the significance of TUs in facilitating the transfer of drug resistance genes in C. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Wang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Fan Li
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ting Liu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Chen Ouyang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiaoyue Wang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Meifang Li
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhiyu Huang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jinhu Huang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Liping Wang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Chen H, Zhang Y, Pan Y, Wu L, Wang W, Zhang H, Lou H. Antibiotic-induced microbiome depletion promotes intestinal colonization by Campylobacter jejuni in mice. BMC Microbiol 2024; 24:156. [PMID: 38724913 PMCID: PMC11080253 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-024-03313-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To establish a method to induce Campylobacter jejuni colonization in the intestines of C57BL/6 mice through antibiotic-induced microbiome depletion. RESULTS Fifty-four female C57BL/6 mice were divided into the normal, control, and experimental groups. The experimental group was administered intragastric cefoperazone sodium and sulbactam sodium (50 mg/mL) for 2 days; then, the experimental and control mice were intragastrically administered 200 µL C. jejuni, which was repeated once more after 2 days. Animal feces were collected, and the HipO gene of C. jejuni was detected using TaqMan qPCR from day 1 to day 14 after modeling completion. Immunofluorescence was used to detect intestinal C. jejuni colonization on day 14, and pathological changes were observed using hematoxylin and eosin staining. Additionally, 16S rDNA analyses of the intestinal contents were conducted on day 14. In the experimental group, C. jejuni was detected in the feces from days 1 to 14 on TaqMan qPCR, and immunofluorescence-labeled C. jejuni were visibly discernable in the intestinal lumen. The intestinal mucosa was generally intact and showed no significant inflammatory-cell infiltration. Diversity analysis of the colonic microbiota showed significant inter-group differences. In the experimental group, the composition of the colonic microbiota differed from that in the other 2 groups at the phylum level, and was characterized by a higher proportion of Bacteroidetes and a lower proportion of Firmicutes. CONCLUSIONS Microbiome depletion induced by cefoperazone sodium and sulbactam sodium could promote long-term colonization of C. jejuni in the intestines of mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haohao Chen
- Medical Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Medicine, Jinhua Polytechnic, No. 1188 Wuzhou Street, Wucheng District, Jinhua, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China.
| | - Yanfang Zhang
- Medical Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Medicine, Jinhua Polytechnic, No. 1188 Wuzhou Street, Wucheng District, Jinhua, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Yi Pan
- Medical Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Medicine, Jinhua Polytechnic, No. 1188 Wuzhou Street, Wucheng District, Jinhua, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Lin Wu
- Medical Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Medicine, Jinhua Polytechnic, No. 1188 Wuzhou Street, Wucheng District, Jinhua, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Wenqian Wang
- Medical Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Medicine, Jinhua Polytechnic, No. 1188 Wuzhou Street, Wucheng District, Jinhua, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Animal Center, Jinhua Food and Drug Inspection and Testing Research Institute, Jinhua, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Hongqiang Lou
- Medical Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Medicine, Jinhua Polytechnic, No. 1188 Wuzhou Street, Wucheng District, Jinhua, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China.
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García-Sánchez C, García-Rodríguez J, Ruiz-Carrascoso G. Clinical and microbiological findings of recurrent Campylobacter spp. gastroenteritis in a tertiary care hospital. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin (Engl Ed) 2024; 42:257-262. [PMID: 36737370 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimce.2022.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Campylobacter spp. is the leading cause of bacterial enteritis in industrialized countries, but the literature about its recurrence is scarce. The objective of this study is to analyze a case series of recurrent campylobacteriosis in adult and pediatric patients. METHODS During a two-year period, the demographic, clinical and microbiological data were collected retrospectively from patients who met the clinical criteria of recurrent Campylobacter spp. gastroenteritis. Enteropathogens were identified by a multiplex-PCR gastrointestinal pathogens panel. When Campylobacter spp. was detected, the stool sample was cultured in specific medium and tested for antibiotic susceptibility. RESULTS Twenty-four (2.03%) out of 1180 patients with Campylobacter spp. positive-PCR met the inclusion criteria. Thirteen patients suffered from underlying diseases, and 11 had no known risk factors but they were all pediatric patients. From the 24 patients were documented 70 episodes. One patient had two episodes of bacteremia. Coinfection/co-detection with other enteropathogens was found in 10 patients being Giardia intestinalis the most frequent. Twelve (22.6%) out of 53 isolates were resistant to macrolides. One patient had two isolates of multi-drug resistant C. coli, only susceptible to gentamicin. CONCLUSION The results suggest the presence of underlying diseases in most adult patients with recurrent Campylobacter spp. infections, particularly primary immunodeficiency. Most of the pediatric patients with recurrent campylobacteriosis lack of known risk factors. Concomitant detection with other enteropathogens was common. The resistance to macrolides was much higher as compared with previous reported rates.
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Zerbato V, Di Bella S, Pol R, Luzzati R, Sanson G, Ambretti S, Andreoni S, Aschbacher R, Bernardo M, Bielli A, Brigante G, Busetti M, Camarlinghi G, Carcione D, Carducci A, Clementi N, Carretto E, Chilleri C, Codda G, Consonni A, Costantino V, Cortazzo V, Di Santolo M, Dodaro S, Fiori B, García-Fernández A, Foschi C, Gobbato E, Greco F, La Ragione RM, Mancini N, Maraolo AE, Marchese A, Marcuccio D, Marrollo R, Mauri C, Mazzariol A, Morroni G, Mosca A, Nigrisoli G, Pagani E, Parisio EM, Pollini S, Sarti M, Sorrentino A, Trotta D, Villa L, Vismara C, Principe L. Human Campylobacter spp. infections in Italy. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2024; 43:895-904. [PMID: 38472522 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-024-04803-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Campylobacter is a frequent cause of enteric infections with common antimicrobial resistance issues. The most recent reports of campylobacteriosis in Italy include data from 2013 to 2016. We aimed to provide national epidemiological and microbiological data on human Campylobacter infections in Italy during the period 2017-2021. METHODS Data was collected from 19 Hospitals in 13 Italian Regions. Bacterial identification was performed by mass spectrometry. Antibiograms were determined with Etest or Kirby-Bauer (EUCAST criteria). RESULTS In total, 5419 isolations of Campylobacter spp. were performed. The most common species were C. jejuni (n = 4535, 83.7%), followed by C. coli (n = 732, 13.5%) and C. fetus (n = 34, 0.6%). The mean age of patients was 34.61 years and 57.1% were males. Outpatients accounted for 54% of the cases detected. Campylobacter were isolated from faeces in 97.3% of cases and in 2.7% from blood. C. fetus was mostly isolated from blood (88.2% of cases). We tested for antimicrobial susceptibility 4627 isolates (85.4%). Resistance to ciprofloxacin and tetracyclines was 75.5% and 54.8%, respectively; resistance to erythromycin was 4.8%; clarithromycin 2% and azithromycin 2%. 50% of C. jejuni and C. coli were resistant to ≥ 2 antibiotics. Over the study period, resistance to ciprofloxacin and tetracyclines significantly decreased (p < 0.005), while resistance to macrolides remained stable. CONCLUSION Campylobacter resistance to fluoroquinolones and tetracyclines in Italy is decreasing but is still high, while macrolides retain good activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Zerbato
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Trieste University Hospital (ASUGI), Trieste, Italy.
| | - Stefano Di Bella
- Clinical Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, Trieste University, Trieste, Italy
| | - Riccardo Pol
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Trieste University Hospital (ASUGI), Trieste, Italy
| | - Roberto Luzzati
- Clinical Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, Trieste University, Trieste, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Sanson
- Clinical Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, Trieste University, Trieste, Italy
| | - Simone Ambretti
- Microbiology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Andreoni
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Maggiore Della Carità, Corso Mazzini 18, Novara, Italy
| | - Richard Aschbacher
- Laboratorio Aziendale Di Microbiologia E Virologia, Comprensorio Sanitario Di Bolzano, Azienda Sanitaria Dell'Alto Adige, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Mariano Bernardo
- Microbiology Unit, AORN Ospedali Dei Colli-Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bielli
- Clinical Microbiology Unit, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Gioconda Brigante
- Clinical Pathology Laboratory, ASST Valle Olona, Busto Arsizio, Italy
| | - Marina Busetti
- Microbiology Unit, Trieste University Hospital (ASUGI), Trieste, Italy
| | - Giulio Camarlinghi
- Microbiology Analysis Unit, San Donato Hospital, USL Toscana Sud Est, Arezzo, Italy
| | - Davide Carcione
- Clinical Pathology Laboratory, ASST Valle Olona, Busto Arsizio, Italy
| | | | - Nicola Clementi
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology at Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Edoardo Carretto
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, IRCCS Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Chiara Chilleri
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giulia Codda
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Alessandra Consonni
- Clinical Microbiology and Virology Unit, "A. Manzoni" Hospital, Lecco, Italy
| | - Venera Costantino
- Microbiology Unit, Trieste University Hospital (ASUGI), Trieste, Italy
| | - Venere Cortazzo
- Dipartimento Di Scienze Biotecnologiche Di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche E Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Microbiology and Diagnostic Immunology Unit, Department of Diagnostic and Laboratory Medicine, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Saveria Dodaro
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, "Annunziata" Hospital of Cosenza, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Barbara Fiori
- Dipartimento Di Scienze Di Laboratorio E Infettivologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Claudio Foschi
- Microbiology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisa Gobbato
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Maggiore Della Carità, Corso Mazzini 18, Novara, Italy
| | - Francesca Greco
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, "Annunziata" Hospital of Cosenza, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Roberto Marcello La Ragione
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
- School of Biosciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Nicasio Mancini
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Department of Medicine and Technological Innovation, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Fondazione Macchi University Hospital, Varese, Italy
| | | | - Anna Marchese
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Microbiology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Daniela Marcuccio
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Great Metropolitan Hospital "Bianchi-Melacrino-Morelli", Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Roberta Marrollo
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, IRCCS Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Carola Mauri
- Clinical Microbiology and Virology Unit, "A. Manzoni" Hospital, Lecco, Italy
| | - Annarita Mazzariol
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Department of Pathology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Di Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Gianluca Morroni
- Microbiology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Adriana Mosca
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine (DIM), University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Policlinico, Bari, Italy
| | - Giacomo Nigrisoli
- Microbiology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Pagani
- Laboratorio Aziendale Di Microbiologia E Virologia, Comprensorio Sanitario Di Bolzano, Azienda Sanitaria Dell'Alto Adige, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Eva Maria Parisio
- Microbiology Analysis Unit, San Donato Hospital, USL Toscana Sud Est, Arezzo, Italy
| | - Simona Pollini
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Mario Sarti
- Clinical Microbiology and Virology Unit, AOU Policlinico, Modena, Italy
| | - Annarita Sorrentino
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Department of Pathology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Di Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Domenico Trotta
- Microbiology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Laura Villa
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore Di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Vismara
- Clinical Microbiology Unit, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Luigi Principe
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Great Metropolitan Hospital "Bianchi-Melacrino-Morelli", Reggio Calabria, Italy
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Tikhomirova A, McNabb ER, Petterlin L, Bellamy GL, Lin KH, Santoso CA, Daye ES, Alhaddad FM, Lee KP, Roujeinikova A. Campylobacter jejuni virulence factors: update on emerging issues and trends. J Biomed Sci 2024; 31:45. [PMID: 38693534 PMCID: PMC11064354 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-024-01033-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is a very common cause of gastroenteritis, and is frequently transmitted to humans through contaminated food products or water. Importantly, C. jejuni infections have a range of short- and long-term sequelae such as irritable bowel syndrome and Guillain Barre syndrome. C. jejuni triggers disease by employing a range of molecular strategies which enable it to colonise the gut, invade the epithelium, persist intracellularly and avoid detection by the host immune response. The objective of this review is to explore and summarise recent advances in the understanding of the C. jejuni molecular factors involved in colonisation, invasion of cells, collective quorum sensing-mediated behaviours and persistence. Understanding the mechanisms that underpin the pathogenicity of C. jejuni will enable future development of effective preventative approaches and vaccines against this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Tikhomirova
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Emmylee R McNabb
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Luca Petterlin
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Georgia L Bellamy
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Kyaw H Lin
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Christopher A Santoso
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Ella S Daye
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Fatimah M Alhaddad
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Kah Peng Lee
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Anna Roujeinikova
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia.
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Pacholewicz E, Dame-Korevaar A, van der Most M, Ellen H, Bokma MH, Koene MGJ. Campylobacter presence on Dutch broiler farms and associated risk factors. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103568. [PMID: 38447312 PMCID: PMC11067780 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter is the most reported zoonotic pathogen in humans in the European Union. Poultry is a major source of human infection with Campylobacter. Although many studies are done on the presence of Campylobacter in broilers and theoretically effective control measures are known, their relative importance at broiler farms remains poorly understood. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the presence of Campylobacter on selected broiler farms in the Netherlands, to determine the moment of introduction, and associated risk factors. A longitudinal study on 25 broiler farms was carried out between June 2017 and December 2020. Fecal samples were collected weekly from 43 broiler houses. In total 497 flocks were sampled. Putative variables on flock and farm characteristics for a risk factor analysis were gathered through questionnaires. Risk factors associated with the presence of Campylobacter in a broiler flock were determined using regression models. In total 30% of the flocks included in the study were positive for Campylobacter. Factors associated with presence of Campylobacter at slaughter age included: season, mowing lawns and presence of agricultural side activities. While summer/autumn and mowing lawns were associated with an increase in Campylobacter presence in flocks, the farmer having agricultural side activities other than poultry production was associated with a decrease. Analysis of the age at which flocks first tested Campylobacter positive revealed that slower growing breeds became positive on average 1 wk later compared to regular growers. This study revealed a delayed introduction of Campylobacter in slower grower vs. regular grower broiler flocks reared indoors. In addition, it confirmed importance of season as major risk factor. The relevance of mowing and preceding positive flocks as risk factors needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Pacholewicz
- Department of Epidemiology, Bioinformatics and Animal models, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, 8221 RA Lelystad, The Netherlands.
| | - Anita Dame-Korevaar
- Department of Epidemiology, Bioinformatics and Animal models, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, 8221 RA Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - Marleen van der Most
- Department of Bacteriology, Host Pathogen Interaction & Diagnostics Development, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, 8221 RA Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - Hilko Ellen
- Wageningen Livestock Research, 6708, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Martien H Bokma
- Wageningen Livestock Research, 6708, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Miriam G J Koene
- Department of Bacteriology, Host Pathogen Interaction & Diagnostics Development, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, 8221 RA Lelystad, The Netherlands
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Peh E, Szott V, Reichelt B, Friese A, Ploetz M, Roesler U, Kittler S. Combined application of bacteriophages with a competitive exclusion culture and carvacrol with organic acids can reduce Campylobacter in primary broiler production. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9218. [PMID: 38649444 PMCID: PMC11035546 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59563-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
For reducing Campylobacter (C.) in the food production chain and thus the risk to the consumer, the combined application of different measures as a multiple-hurdle approach is currently under discussion. This is the first study to investigate possible synergistic activities in vivo, aiming at reducing intestinal C. jejuni counts by administering (i) bacteriophages (phages) in combination with a competitive exclusion (CE) product and (ii) carvacrol combined with organic acids. The combined application of the two selected phages (Fletchervirus phage NCTC 12673 and Firehammervirus phage vB_CcM-LmqsCPL1/1) and the CE product significantly reduced C. jejuni loads by 1.0 log10 in cecal and colonic contents as well as in cloacal swabs at the end of the trial (33 and 34 days post hatch). The proportion of bacterial isolates showing reduced phage susceptibility ranged from 10.9% (isolates from cecal content) to 47.8% (isolates from cloacal swabs 32 days post hatch) for the Fletchervirus phage, while all tested isolates remained susceptible to the Firehammervirus phage. The use of carvacrol combined with an organic acid blend (sorbic acid, benzoic acid, propionic acid, and acetic acid) significantly reduced Campylobacter counts by 1.0 log10 in cloacal swabs on day 30 only.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Peh
- Institute for Food Quality and Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany.
| | - V Szott
- Institute of Food Safety and Food Hygiene, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - B Reichelt
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - A Friese
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - M Ploetz
- Institute for Food Quality and Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - U Roesler
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - S Kittler
- Institute for Food Quality and Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
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Pena-Fernández N, Kortabarria N, Hurtado A, Ocejo M, Fort M, Pérez-Cobo I, Collantes-Fernández E, Aduriz G. Biochemical and molecular characterization of Campylobacter fetus isolates from bulls subjected to bovine genital campylobacteriosis diagnosis in Spain. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:131. [PMID: 38566185 PMCID: PMC10985941 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-03970-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bovine genital campylobacteriosis (BGC) is caused by Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis (Cfv) including its biovar intermedius (Cfvi). This sexually transmitted disease induces early reproductive failure causing considerable economic losses in the cattle industry. Using a collection of well-characterized isolates (n = 13), C. fetus field isolates (n = 64) and saprophytic isolates resembling Campylobacter (n = 75) obtained from smegma samples of breeding bulls, this study evaluated the concordance of the most used phenotypic (H2S production in cysteine medium and 1% glycine tolerance) and molecular (PCR) methods for the diagnosis of BGC and assessed possible cross-reactions in the molecular diagnostic methods. RESULTS Characterization at the subspecies level (fetus vs. venerealis) of C. fetus isolated from bull preputial samples using phenotypic and molecular (PCR targeting nahE and ISCfe1) methods showed moderate concordance (κ = 0.462; CI: 0.256-0.669). No cross-reactions were observed with other saprophytic microaerophilic species or with other Campylobacter species that can be present in preputial samples. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) of discrepant isolates showed 100% agreement with PCR identification. For the differentiation of Cfv biovars, comparison of the H2S test (at 72 h and 5 days of incubation) and a PCR targeting the L-cysteine transporter genes showed higher concordance when H2S production was assessed after 5 days (72 h; κ = 0.553, 0.329-0.778 CI vs. 5 days; κ = 0.881, 0.631-1 CI), evidencing the efficacy of a longer incubation time. CONCLUSIONS This study confirmed the limitations of biochemical tests to correctly identify C. fetus subspecies and biovars. However, in the case of biovars, when extended incubation times for the H2S test (5 days) were used, phenotypic identification results were significantly improved, although PCR-based methods produced more accurate results. Perfect agreement of WGS with the PCR results and absence of cross-reactions with non-C. fetus saprophytic bacteria from the smegma demonstrated the usefulness of these methods. Nevertheless, the identification of new C. fetus subspecies-specific genes would help to improve BGC diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nerea Pena-Fernández
- SERIDA, Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario, Carretera de Oviedo, S/N, Villaviciosa, 33300, Spain
- Department of Animal Health, NEIKER-Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Científico y Tecnológico de Bizkaia, P812, Derio, 48160, Spain
| | - Nekane Kortabarria
- Department of Animal Health, NEIKER-Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Científico y Tecnológico de Bizkaia, P812, Derio, 48160, Spain
| | - Ana Hurtado
- Department of Animal Health, NEIKER-Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Científico y Tecnológico de Bizkaia, P812, Derio, 48160, Spain
| | - Medelin Ocejo
- Department of Animal Health, NEIKER-Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Científico y Tecnológico de Bizkaia, P812, Derio, 48160, Spain
| | - Marcelo Fort
- SALUVET, Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria S/N, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Iratxe Pérez-Cobo
- Central Veterinary-Animal Health Laboratory (LCV), Ctra. Madrid-Algete Km. 8.00, Algete, 28110, Spain
| | - Esther Collantes-Fernández
- SALUVET, Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria S/N, Madrid, 28040, Spain.
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, SALUVET-Innova S.L, Complutense University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria S/N, Madrid, 28040, Spain.
| | - Gorka Aduriz
- Department of Animal Health, NEIKER-Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Científico y Tecnológico de Bizkaia, P812, Derio, 48160, Spain.
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9
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Phu DH, Wongtawan T, Wintachai P, Nhung NT, Yen NTP, Carrique-Mas J, Turni C, Omaleki L, Blackall PJ, Thomrongsuwannakij T. Molecular characterization of Campylobacter spp. isolates obtained from commercial broilers and native chickens in Southern Thailand using whole genome sequencing. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103485. [PMID: 38335668 PMCID: PMC10869288 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Chickens are the primary reservoirs of Campylobacter spp., mainly C. jejuni and C. coli, that cause human bacterial gastrointestinal infections. However, genomic characteristics and antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter spp. in low- to middle-income countries need more comprehensive exploration. This study aimed to characterize 21 C. jejuni and 5 C. coli isolates from commercial broilers and native chickens using whole genome sequencing and compare them to 28 reference Campylobacter sequences. Among the 26 isolates, 13 sequence types (ST) were identified in C. jejuni and 5 ST in C. coli. The prominent ST was ST 2274 (5 isolates, 19.2%), followed by ST 51, 460, 2409, and 6455 (2 isolates in each ST, 7.7%), while all remaining ST (464, 536, 595, 2083, 6736, 6964, 8096, 10437, 828, 872, 900, 8237, and 13540) had 1 isolate per ST (3.8%). Six types of antimicrobial resistance genes (ant(6)-Ia, aph(3')-III, blaOXA, cat, erm(B), and tet(O)) and one point mutations in the gyrA gene (Threonine-86-Isoleucine) and another in the rpsL gene (Lysine-43-Arginine) were detected. The blaOXA resistance gene was present in all isolates, the gyrA mutations was in 95.2% of C. jejuni and 80.0% of C. coli, and the tet(O) resistance gene in 76.2% of C. jejuni and 80.0% of C. coli. Additionally, 203 virulence-associated genes linked to 16 virulence factors were identified. In terms of phenotypic resistance, the C. jejuni isolates were all resistant to ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, and nalidixic acid, with lower levels of resistance to tetracycline (76.2%), tylosin (52.3%), erythromycin (23.8%), azithromycin (22.2%), and gentamicin (11.1%). Most C. coli isolates were resistant to all tested antimicrobials, while 1 C. coli was pan-susceptible except for tylosin. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms concordance varied widely, with differences of up to 13,375 single-nucleotide polymorphisms compared to the reference Campylobacter isolates, highlighting genetic divergence among comparative genomes. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of the molecular epidemiology of Campylobacter spp. in Thai chicken production systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doan Hoang Phu
- Akkhraratchakumari Veterinary College, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand; Doctoral Program in Health Sciences, College of Graduate Studies, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand; Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Nong Lam University, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Vietnam
| | - Tuempong Wongtawan
- Akkhraratchakumari Veterinary College, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand; Centre for One Health, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
| | | | - Nguyen Thi Nhung
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Vietnam
| | | | - Juan Carrique-Mas
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Ha Noi 10000, Vietnam
| | - Conny Turni
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4067, Australia
| | - Lida Omaleki
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4067, Australia
| | - Patrick J Blackall
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4067, Australia
| | - Thotsapol Thomrongsuwannakij
- Akkhraratchakumari Veterinary College, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand; Centre for One Health, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand.
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10
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Oncel B, Hasdemir U, Aksu B, Pournaras S. Antibiotic resistance in Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli: significant contribution of an RND type efflux pump in erythromycin resistance. J Chemother 2024; 36:110-118. [PMID: 37830134 DOI: 10.1080/1120009x.2023.2267895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to determine the antibiotic resistance status of Campylobacter spp. isolated from human infections in our region, including the role of mechanisms involved in erythromycin resistance. Standard methods were used for the isolation, identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing of Campylobacter spp. isolates. Erythromycin-resistant mutants were selected from erythromycin-susceptible clinical isolates, and the erythromycin resistance mechanisms were investigated phenotypically by determining the erythromycin MICs of isolates in the presence and absence of the resistance nodulation cell division (RND) type efflux pump inhibitor, phenylalanine-arginine β-naphthylamide dihydrochloride (PAβN), and genotypically by determining ribosomal and cmeABC alterations using PCR and DNA sequence analysis. Campylobacter spp., including 184 C. jejuni and 20 C. coli in a two-year period, were the most frequently isolated gastrointestinal bacterial pathogens in our region. However, in both C. jejuni and C. coli, resistance to tetracycline and ciprofloxacin were found to be high, erythromycin resistance was especially high (20%) in C. coli. With a ribosomal alteration, A2075G, which was found to be associated with high-level erythromycin resistance in clinical isolates, PAβN significantly reduced the erythromycin MICs in both clinical isolates and mutants. An important finding of this study, while considering cmeABC operon, is the explanation of why erythromycin resistance is more common among C. coli than C. jejuni, bearing in mind the specific deletions and alterations in the intergenic region of the operon in all erythromycin-resistant C. coli isolates. Ultimately, these findings revealed the significant role of RND-type efflux activity in increased erythromycin MICs of the isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beyza Oncel
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Marmara University Pendik Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ufuk Hasdemir
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Marmara University Pendik Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Burak Aksu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Marmara University Pendik Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta, Turkey
| | - Spyros Pournaras
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Attikon University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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11
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Basharat Z, Alghamdi YS, Mashraqi MM, Makkawi M, Alasmari S, Alshamrani S. Subtractive sequence-mediated therapeutic targets from the conserved gene clusters of Campylobacter hyointestinalis and computational inhibition assessment. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:2782-2792. [PMID: 37144725 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2208229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Campylobacter hyointestinalis is a causative agent of enteritis, proctitis, human gastroenteritis, and diarrhea. Reported transmission is from pigs to humans. Link with gastrointestinal carcinoma has also been established in non-Helicobacter pylori patients carrying this strain. The genome size of the strain LMG9260 is 1.8 MB with 1785 chromosomal and seven plasmid proteins. No therapeutic targets have been identified and reported in this bacterium. Therefore, subtractive computational screening of its genome was carried out for the purpose. In total, 31 such targets were mined and riboflavin synthase was utilized for screening natural product inhibitors against it. Among more than 30,000 screened natural compounds from the NPASS library, three (NPC472060, NPC33653, and NPC313886) were prioritized to have the potential to be developed into new antimicrobial drugs. Dynamics simulation assay along with other relevant parameters like absorption, toxicity, and distribution of the inhibiting compounds were also predicted and NPC33653 was identified as having the best drug-like properties among the prioritized compounds. Thus, it has potential to be pursued further for the inhibition of riboflavin synthesis in C. hyointestinalis for subsequent obstruction of its growth and survival.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mutaib M Mashraqi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Makkawi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan Alasmari
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh Alshamrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
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12
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Zhang X, Tang M, Zhou Q, Lu J, Zhang H, Tang X, Ma L, Zhang J, Chen D, Gao Y. A broad host phage, CP6, for combating multidrug-resistant Campylobacter prevalent in poultry meat. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103548. [PMID: 38442560 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter is a major cause of bacterial foodborne diarrhea worldwide. Consumption of raw or undercooked chicken meat contaminated with Campylobacter is the most common causative agent of human infections. Given the high prevalence of contamination in poultry meat and the recent rise of multi-drug-resistant (MDR) Campylobacter strains, an effective intervention method of reducing bird colonization is needed. In this study, the Campylobacter-specific lytic phage CP6 was isolated from chicken feces. Phage CP6 exhibited a broad host range against different MDR Campylobacter isolates (97.4% of strains were infected). Some biological characteristics were observed, such as a good pH (3-9) stability and moderate temperature tolerance (<50 ℃). The complete genome sequence revealed a linear double-stranded DNA (178,350 bp, group II Campylobacter phage) with 27.51% GC content, including 209 predicted open reading frames, among which only 54 were annotated with known functions. Phylogenetic analysis of the phage major capsid protein demonstrated that phage CP6 was closely related to Campylobacter phage CPt10, CP21, CP20, IBB35, and CP220. CP6 phage exerted good antimicrobial effects on MDR Campylobacter in vitro culture and reduced CFUs of the host cells by up to 1-log compared with the control in artificially contaminated chicken breast meat. Our findings suggested the potential of CP6 phage as a promising antimicrobial agent for combating MDR Campylobacter in food processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Zhang
- Jiangsu Institute of Poultry Sciences, Supervision, Inspection & Testing Centre for Poultry Quality (Yangzhou), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225125, China
| | - Mengjun Tang
- Jiangsu Institute of Poultry Sciences, Supervision, Inspection & Testing Centre for Poultry Quality (Yangzhou), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225125, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- Jiangsu Institute of Poultry Sciences, Supervision, Inspection & Testing Centre for Poultry Quality (Yangzhou), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225125, China
| | - Junxian Lu
- Jiangsu Institute of Poultry Sciences, Supervision, Inspection & Testing Centre for Poultry Quality (Yangzhou), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225125, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China
| | - Xiujun Tang
- Jiangsu Institute of Poultry Sciences, Supervision, Inspection & Testing Centre for Poultry Quality (Yangzhou), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225125, China
| | - Lina Ma
- Jiangsu Institute of Poultry Sciences, Supervision, Inspection & Testing Centre for Poultry Quality (Yangzhou), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225125, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Jiangsu Institute of Poultry Sciences, Supervision, Inspection & Testing Centre for Poultry Quality (Yangzhou), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225125, China
| | - Dawei Chen
- Jiangsu Institute of Poultry Sciences, Supervision, Inspection & Testing Centre for Poultry Quality (Yangzhou), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225125, China
| | - Yushi Gao
- Jiangsu Institute of Poultry Sciences, Supervision, Inspection & Testing Centre for Poultry Quality (Yangzhou), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225125, China.
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13
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Stevens MJA, Stephan R, Horlbog JA, Cernela N, Nüesch-Inderbinen M. Whole genome sequence-based characterization of Campylobacter isolated from broiler carcasses over a three-year period in a big poultry slaughterhouse reveals high genetic diversity and a recurring genomic lineage of Campylobacter jejuni. Infect Genet Evol 2024; 119:105578. [PMID: 38417639 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2024.105578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Campylobacter is among the most frequent agents of bacterial gastroenteritis in Europe and is primarily linked to the consumption of contaminated food. The aim of this study was to assess genomic diversity and to identify antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes of 155 Campylobacter isolated from broiler carcasses (neck skin samples) in a large-scale Swiss poultry abattoir over a three-year period. Samples originated from broilers from three different types of farming systems (particularly animal-friendly stabling (PAFS), free-range farms, and organic farms). Campylobacter jejuni (n = 127) and Campylobacter coli (n = 28) were analysed using a whole genome sequencing (WGS) approach (MiniSeq; Illumina). Sequence types (STs) were determined in silico from the WGS data and isolates were assigned into complex types (CTs) using the cgMLST SeqSphere+ scheme. Antimicrobial resistance genes were identified using the Resistance Gene Identifier (RGI), and virulence genes were identified using the virulence factor database (VFDB). A high degree of genetic diversity was observed. Many sequence types (C. jejuni ST19, ST21, ST48, ST50, ST122, ST262 and C. coli ST827) occurred more than once and were distributed throughout the study period, irrespective of the year of isolation and of the broiler farming type. Antimicrobial resistance determinants included blaOXA and tet(O) genes, as well as the T86I substitution within GyrA. Virulence genes known to play a role in human Campylobacter infection were identified such as the wlaN, cstIII, neuA1, neuB1, and neuC1. Subtyping of the Campylobacter isolates identified the occurrence of a highly clonal population of C. jejuni ST21 that was isolated throughout the three-year study period from carcasses from farms with geographically different locations and different farming systems. The high rate of genetic diversity observed among broiler carcass isolates is consistent with previous studies. The identification of a persisting highly clonal C. jejuni ST21 subtype suggests that the slaughterhouse may represent an environment in which C. jejuni ST21 may survive, however, the ecological reservoir potentially maintaining this clone remains unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc J A Stevens
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roger Stephan
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Jule Anna Horlbog
- National Reference Centre for Enteropathogenic Bacteria and Listeria (NENT), Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Cernela
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Magdalena Nüesch-Inderbinen
- National Reference Centre for Enteropathogenic Bacteria and Listeria (NENT), Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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14
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Wishna-Kadawarage RN, Hickey RM, Siwek M. In-vitro selection of lactic acid bacteria to combat Salmonella enterica and Campylobacter jejuni in broiler chickens. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 40:133. [PMID: 38480610 PMCID: PMC10937796 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-024-03946-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Campylobacter and Salmonella are the two most prominent foodborne zoonotic pathogens reported in the European Union. As poultry is one of the major sources of these pathogens, it is imperative to mitigate the colonization of these pathogens in poultry. Many strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have demonstrated anti-Salmonella and anti-Campylobacter characteristics to varying degrees and spectrums which are attributed to the production of various metabolites. However, the production of these compounds and consequent antimicrobial properties are highly strain dependent. Therefore, the current study was performed to select a potent LAB and determine its causal attribute in inhibiting Salmonella enterica and Campylobacter jejuni, in-vitro. Six LAB (Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (LP), Lacticaseibacillus casei (LC), Limosilactobacillus reuteri (LR), Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus (LRh), Leuconostoc mesenteroides (LM) and Pediococcus pentosaceus (PP)) and three serovars of Salmonella enterica (Typhimurium, Enterica and Braenderup) and Campylobacter jejuni were used in the current study. Spot overlays, well diffusion, co-culture and co-aggregation assays against Salmonella and well diffusion assays against Campylobacter jejuni were performed. Organic acid profiling of culture supernatants was performed using HPLC. The results indicated that LRh, LM and PP had the most significant anti-Salmonella effects while LP, LC, LM and PP displayed the most significant anti-Campylobacter effects. Lactic acid and formic acid detected in the culture supernatants seem the most likely source of the anti-Salmonella and anti-Campylobacter effects exhibited by these LAB. In conclusion, Leuconostoc mesenteroides displayed the most significant overall anti-pathogenic effects when compared to the other LAB strains studied, indicating its potential application in-vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesha N Wishna-Kadawarage
- Department of Animal Biotechnology and Genetics, Faculty of Animal Breeding and Biology, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Mazowiecka 28, Bydgoszcz, 85-084, Poland.
| | - Rita M Hickey
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, P61 C996, Ireland
| | - Maria Siwek
- Department of Animal Biotechnology and Genetics, Faculty of Animal Breeding and Biology, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Mazowiecka 28, Bydgoszcz, 85-084, Poland
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15
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Yanestria SM, Effendi MH, Tyasningsih W, Moses IB, Khairullah AR, Kurniawan SC, Dameanti FNAEP, Ikaratri R, Pratama JWA, Sigit M, Hasib A, Silaen OSM. Antimicrobial resistance patterns and genes of Campylobacter jejuni isolated from chickens in Pasuruan, Indonesia. Open Vet J 2024; 14:759-768. [PMID: 38682147 PMCID: PMC11052610 DOI: 10.5455/ovj.2024.v14.i3.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Poultry is one of the most prominent sources of Campylobacter jejuni, which is also a major means of transmission to people. Campylobacter jejuni contamination in chicken meat comes from chicken feces because it naturally exists in the intestines of chickens. Aim The purpose of this study is to identify the antibiotic resistance patterns and genes of C. jejuni, which was found in chickens in Pasuruan, Indonesia. Methods The samples used in this study were 200 contents of the small intestine of broiler chickens from 40 farms in Pasuruan Regency. The enriched sample was streaked on the selective media of modified charcoal cefoperazone deoxycholate agar containing the CCDA selective supplement. Antimicrobial susceptibility test utilizing the Kirby-Bauer diffusion test method in accordance with Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute standards. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method was used to detect the (hipO), which encodes the C. jejuni strain, fluoroquinolone resistance (gyrA), beta-lactam resistance (blaOXA-61), and tetracycline resistance (tetO) genes. Results The findings revealed a 14% (28/200) prevalence of C. jejuni in the small intestine of broiler chickens. These isolates showed high resistance to enrofloxacin (92.9%). All isolates (100%) were susceptible to amoxicillin-clavulanate. The PCR results showed all C. jejuni isolates (100%) detected the gyrA gene, 96.4% detected the blaOXA-61 gene, and 50% detected the tetO gene. Conclusion The findings of antimicrobial resistance at a high level from the small intestine of broiler chickens illustrate the potential threat to human health. To lessen the effects now and in the future, coordinated and suitable action is needed, as well as steps to guarantee the poultry industry's economic survival and public health insurance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila Marty Yanestria
- Doctoral Program in Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Mustofa Helmi Effendi
- Division of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Wiwiek Tyasningsih
- Division of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Ikechukwu Benjamin Moses
- Department of Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - Aswin Rafif Khairullah
- Research Center for Veterinary Science, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Shendy Canadya Kurniawan
- Master Program of Animal Sciences, Department of Animal Sciences, Specialisation in Molecule, Cell and Organ Functioning, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Rosmita Ikaratri
- Bacteriology Laboratory, Balai Besar Veteriner Wates, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Junianto Wika Adi Pratama
- Doctoral Program in Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Miarsono Sigit
- Division of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Wijaya Kusuma Surabaya, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Abdullah Hasib
- School of Agriculture and Food Sustainability, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Australia
| | - Otto Sahat Martua Silaen
- Doctoral Program in Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
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16
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Schiaffino F, Parker CT, Garcia Bardales PF, Huynh S, Manzanares Villanueva K, Mourkas E, Pascoe B, Peñataro Yori P, Paredes Olortegui M, Houpt ER, Liu J, Cooper KK, Kosek MN. Novel rpsK / rpsD primer-probe assay improves detection of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli in human stool. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2024; 18:e0012018. [PMID: 38427700 PMCID: PMC10936861 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0012018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter causes bacterial enteritis, dysentery, and growth faltering in children in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Campylobacter spp. are fastidious organisms, and their detection often relies on culture independent diagnostic technologies, especially in LMICs. Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli are most often the infectious agents and in high income settings together account for 95% of Campylobacter infections. Several other Campylobacter species have been detected in LMIC children at an increased prevalence relative to high income settings. After doing extensive whole genome sequencing of isolates of C. jejuni and C. coli in Peru, we observed heterogeneity in the binding sites for the main species-specific PCR assay (cadF) and designed an alternative rpsKD-based qPCR assay to detect both C. jejuni and C. coli. The rpsKD-based qPCR assay identified 23% more C.jejuni/ C.coli samples than the cadF assay among 47 Campylobacter genus positive cadF negative samples verified to have C. jejuni and or C. coli with shotgun metagenomics. This assay can be expected to be useful in diagnostic studies of enteric infectious diseases and be useful in revising the attribution estimates of Campylobacter in LMICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Schiaffino
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, San Martin de Porres, Lima, Peru
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Craig T. Parker
- Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Produce Safety and Microbiology Research Unit, Albany, California, United States of America
| | | | - Steven Huynh
- Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Produce Safety and Microbiology Research Unit, Albany, California, United States of America
| | | | - Evangelos Mourkas
- Ineos Oxford Institute for Antimicrobial Research, Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ben Pascoe
- Ineos Oxford Institute for Antimicrobial Research, Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Centre for Genomic Pathogen Surveillance, Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Pablo Peñataro Yori
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
- Asociacion Benefica Prisma, Iquitos, Peru
| | | | - Eric R. Houpt
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Jie Liu
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Kerry K. Cooper
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
- The BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Margaret N. Kosek
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
- Asociacion Benefica Prisma, Iquitos, Peru
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Sodagari HR, Agrawal I, Sohail MN, Yudhanto S, Varga C. Monitoring antimicrobial resistance in Campylobacter isolates of chickens and turkeys at the slaughter establishment level across the United States, 2013-2021. Epidemiol Infect 2024; 152:e41. [PMID: 38403893 PMCID: PMC10945939 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268824000359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Foodborne infections with antimicrobial-resistant Campylobacter spp. remain an important public health concern. Publicly available data collected by the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System for Enteric Bacteria related to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Campylobacter spp. isolated from broiler chickens and turkeys at the slaughterhouse level across the United States between 2013 and 2021 were analysed. A total of 1,899 chicken-origin (1,031 Campylobacter coli (C. coli) and 868 Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni)) and 798 turkey-origin (673 C. coli and 123 C. jejuni) isolates were assessed. Chicken isolates exhibited high resistance to tetracycline (43.65%), moderate resistance to ciprofloxacin (19.5%), and low resistance to clindamycin (4.32%) and azithromycin (3.84%). Turkey isolates exhibited very high resistance to tetracycline (69%) and high resistance to ciprofloxacin (39%). The probability of resistance to all tested antimicrobials, except for tetracycline, significantly decreased during the latter part of the study period. Turkey-origin Campylobacter isolates had higher odds of resistance to all antimicrobials than isolates from chickens. Compared to C. jejuni isolates, C. coli isolates had higher odds of resistance to all antimicrobials, except for ciprofloxacin. The study findings emphasize the need for poultry-type-specific strategies to address differences in AMR among Campylobacter isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid R. Sodagari
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Isha Agrawal
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Mohammad N. Sohail
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Setyo Yudhanto
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Csaba Varga
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
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18
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Zarske M, Luu HQ, Deneke C, Knüver MT, Thieck M, Hoang HTT, Bretschneider N, Pham NT, Huber I, Stingl K. Identification of knowledge gaps in whole-genome sequence analysis of multi-resistant thermotolerant Campylobacter spp. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:156. [PMID: 38331708 PMCID: PMC10851486 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10014-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Campylobacter spp. is the most frequent cause of bacterial food-borne gastroenteritis and a high priority antibiotic resistant bacterium according to the World Health Organization (WHO). European monitoring of thermotolerant Campylobacter spp. does not reflect the global burden of resistances already circulating within the bacterial population worldwide. METHODS We systematically compared whole genome sequencing with comprehensive phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility, analyzing 494 thermotolerant Campylobacter poultry isolates from Vietnam and Germany. Any discrepancy was checked by repeating the wet lab and improving the dry lab part. Selected isolates were additionally analyzed via long-read Oxford Nanopore technology, leading to closed chromosomes and plasmids. RESULTS Overall, 22 different resistance genes and gene variants (e. g. erm(B), aph(3')-IIIa, aph(2'')-If, catA, lnu(C), blaOXA, sat4) and point mutations in three distinct genes (gyrA, 23S rRNA, rpsL) associated with AMR were present in the Campylobacter isolates. Two AMR genes were missing in the database and one falsely associated with resistance. Bioinformatic analysis based on short-read data partly failed to identify tet(O) and aadE, when the genes were present as duplicate or homologous gene variants. Intriguingly, isolates also contained different determinants, redundantly conferring resistance to chloramphenicol, gentamicin, kanamycin, lincomycin and streptomycin. We found a novel tet(W) in tetracycline sensitive strains, harboring point mutations. Furthermore, analysis based on assemblies from short-read data was impaired to identify full length phase variable aad9, due to variations of the poly-C tract within the gene. The genetic determinant responsible for gentamicin resistance of one isolate from Germany could not be identified. GyrT86I, presenting the main determinant for (fluoro-)quinolone resistance led to a rare atypical phenotype of ciprofloxacin resistance but nalidixic acid sensitivity. Long-read sequencing predicted AMR genes were mainly located on the chromosome, and rarely on plasmids. Predictions from long- and short-read sequencing, respectively, often differed. AMR genes were often organized in multidrug resistance islands (MDRI) and partially located in proximity to transposase genes, suggesting main mobilization of resistance determinants is via natural transformation and transposition in Campylobacter. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggest that there is frequent resistance gene duplication, mosaicism, and mutation leading to gene variation and truncation in Campylobacter strains that have not been reported in previous studies and are missing from databases. Furthermore, there is a need for deciphering yet unknown resistance mechanisms and resistance spread in thermotolerant Campylobacter spp. that may pose a challenge to global food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Zarske
- Department of Biological Safety, Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Diedersdorfer Weg 1, Berlin, D-12277, Germany
| | - Huong Quynh Luu
- National Institute of Veterinary Research (NIVR), 86 Truong Chinh Street, Hanoi, Dong Da District, Vietnam
| | - Carlus Deneke
- Department of Biological Safety, Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Diedersdorfer Weg 1, Berlin, D-12277, Germany
| | - Marie-Theres Knüver
- Department of Biological Safety, Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Diedersdorfer Weg 1, Berlin, D-12277, Germany
| | - Maja Thieck
- Department of Biological Safety, Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Diedersdorfer Weg 1, Berlin, D-12277, Germany
| | - Ha Thi Thu Hoang
- Department of Bacteriology, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology (NIHE), 1 Yersin Street, Hanoi, Trung District, Vietnam
| | - Nancy Bretschneider
- Department of Molecular Biology and Gene Technology, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Oberschleissheim, D-85764, Germany
| | - Ngoc Thi Pham
- National Institute of Veterinary Research (NIVR), 86 Truong Chinh Street, Hanoi, Dong Da District, Vietnam
| | - Ingrid Huber
- Department of Molecular Biology and Gene Technology, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Oberschleissheim, D-85764, Germany
| | - Kerstin Stingl
- Department of Biological Safety, Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Diedersdorfer Weg 1, Berlin, D-12277, Germany.
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Luoto J, Keto-Timonen R, Kivistö R. Campylobacter species and genotype distribution in Finnish beef liver - Retail liver juice ideal for isolation and quantification. Int J Food Microbiol 2024; 411:110524. [PMID: 38118359 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2023.110524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Campylobacteriosis, primarily caused by Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli, is the main bacterial zoonosis worldwide. While poultry is recognized as the main reservoir, bovines are considered another important reservoir for Campylobacter spp. found in human infections. In contrast to chicken, retail beef is seldom contaminated by Campylobacter species. However, beef liver is recognized to be frequently contaminated and has been linked to human infections via epidemiological investigations. Our aims were to evaluate the prevalence of Campylobacter spp. inside and on the surface of beef liver pieces at retail in Finland and to analyse the population in more detail using whole genome sequencing (WGS) to assess the public health relevance. A total of 90 retail beef livers were studied using both enrichment of the external peptone-saline rinse of the liver piece and direct culture from the inside after surface sterilization. Furthermore, 46 of the livers were also studied using direct culture of retail beef liver juice collected from the bottom of the consumer package to estimate the concentration of Campylobacter species. Overall, 44 (49 %) of the samples were positive for Campylobacter species, C. jejuni, C. fetus and C. lari being identified in 42 %, 8.9 % and 1.1 % of the samples, respectively. Direct culture of retail liver juice was a sensitive and convenient method for Campylobacter spp. detection, resulting in 48 % prevalence and a mean concentration of 49 cfu/ml (maximum 335 cfu/ml). Two samples (2.2 %), containing large hepatic ducts, were positive for C. jejuni internally, representing multilocus sequence typing (MLST) sequence type ST-19 and ST-21. WGS, core genome phylogeny and core genome MLST revealed that in most cases only one clearly distinct clone of clinically relevant C. jejuni or C. fetus was isolated from a single lot of samples. However, in some cases several distinct clones were identified simultaneously even from a single liver piece. In epidemiological investigations, it is thus highly advisable to genotype multiple isolates to capture the whole diversity of Campylobacter spp. from suspected food sources. Good kitchen hygiene, avoidance of cross-contamination and thorough cooking are important for limiting the transmission of campylobacteriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna Luoto
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riikka Keto-Timonen
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rauni Kivistö
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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20
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Ortega-Sanz I, Bocigas C, Melero B, Rovira J. Phase variation modulates the multi-phenotypes displayed by clinical Campylobacter jejuni strains. Food Microbiol 2024; 117:104397. [PMID: 37918995 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2023.104397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
The high incidence and prevalence of Campylobacter spp. in the food supply chain entail the importance to understand their mechanisms developed to withstand harsh environmental conditions encountered. Different stress conditions and phenotypic approaches were evaluated to study the behaviour of five clinical C. jejuni isolates with different genotypes, including the tolerance to oxygen and the oxidants hydrogen peroxide and cumene hydroperoxide, the motility and the ability to form biofilm on polystyrene and stainless steel at different temperatures and atmospheres. Whole Genome Sequencing was performed to analyse the occurrence of 216 genes involved in these mechanisms plus phase variation. The isolates showed high tolerance to oxygen and peroxide stress with different swimming motility performances and biofilm formation abilities. Aerotolerance was related with a reduced sensitive to peroxide stress and a loss of motility that promotes biofilm formation depending on the material surface. Comparative genomics did not reveal any clear gene pattern, although phase variation occurring during host infection was observed to be crucial for the modulation of the different survival mechanisms adopted by the bacteria. These findings reveal that the bacteria can combine diverse and complex strategies in an efficient manner to survive and persist in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Ortega-Sanz
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, University of Burgos, Burgos, Spain
| | - Carolina Bocigas
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, University of Burgos, Burgos, Spain
| | - Beatriz Melero
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, University of Burgos, Burgos, Spain
| | - Jordi Rovira
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, University of Burgos, Burgos, Spain.
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21
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Strakova N, Michova H, Shagieva E, Ovesna P, Karpiskova R, Demnerova K. Genotyping of Campylobacter jejuni and prediction tools of its antimicrobial resistance. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2024; 69:207-219. [PMID: 37816942 PMCID: PMC10876727 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-023-01093-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Although Campylobacter jejuni is the pathogen responsible for the most common foodborne illness, tracing of the infection source remains challenging due to its highly variable genome. Therefore, one of the aim of the study was to compare three genotyping methods (MLST, PFGE, and mP-BIT) to determine the most effective genotyping tool. C. jejuni strains were divided into 4 clusters based on strain similarity in the cgMLST dendrogram. Subsequently, the dendrograms of the 3 tested methods were compared to determine the accuracy of each method compared to the reference cgMLST method. Moreover, a cost-benefit analysis has showed that MLST had the highest inverse discrimination index (97%) and required less workflow, time, fewer consumables, and low bacterial sample quantity. PFGE was shown to be obsolete both because of its low discriminatory power and the complexity of the procedure. Similarly, mP‑BIT showed low separation results, which was compensated by its high availability. Therefore, our data showed that MLST is the optimal tool for genotyping C. jejuni. Another aim was to compare the antimicrobial resistance to ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, and tetracycline in C. jejuni strains isolated from human, water, air, food, and animal samples by two gene sequence-based prediction methods and to compare them with the actual susceptibility of C. jejuni strains using the disc diffusion method. Both tools, ResFinder and RGI, synchronously predict the antimicrobial susceptibility of C. jejuni and either can be used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicol Strakova
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Hana Michova
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ekaterina Shagieva
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Ovesna
- Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Renata Karpiskova
- Department of Public Health, Medical Faculty, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Demnerova
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czech Republic
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Stoakes E, Chen X, Kalmar L, Baker D, Evans R, Rudder S, Grant AJ. Identification of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli genes contributing to oxidative stress response using TraDIS analysis. BMC Microbiol 2024; 24:46. [PMID: 38302896 PMCID: PMC10832277 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-024-03201-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli are the major causative agents of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide and are known obligate microaerophiles. Despite being sensitive to oxygen and its reduction products, both species are readily isolated from animal food products kept under atmospheric conditions where they face high oxygen tension levels. RESULTS In this study, Transposon Directed Insertion-site Sequencing (TraDIS) was used to investigate the ability of one C. jejuni strain and two C. coli strains to overcome oxidative stress, using H2O2 to mimic oxidative stress. Genes were identified that were required for oxidative stress resistance for each individual strain but also allowed a comparison across the three strains. Mutations in the perR and ahpC genes were found to increase Campylobacter tolerance to H2O2. The roles of these proteins in oxidative stress were previously known in C. jejuni, but this data indicates that they most likely play a similar role in C. coli. Mutation of czcD decreased Campylobacter tolerance to H2O2. The role of CzcD, which functions as a zinc exporter, has not previously been linked to oxidative stress. The TraDIS data was confirmed using defined deletions of perR and czcD in C. coli 15-537360. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to investigate gene fitness in both C. jejuni and C. coli under oxidative stress conditions and highlights both similar roles for certain genes for both species and highlights other genes that have a role under oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Stoakes
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - Xuanlin Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lajos Kalmar
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dave Baker
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Rhiannon Evans
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Steven Rudder
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Andrew J Grant
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, UK.
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Myles M, Barnawi H, Mahmoudpour M, Shlimon S, Chang A, Zimmermann D, Choi C, Zebian N, Creuzenet C. Effect of the polysaccharide capsule and its heptose on the resistance of Campylobacter jejuni to innate immune defenses. Microbiologyopen 2024; 13:e1400. [PMID: 38375546 PMCID: PMC10877309 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.1400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is a commensal in many animals but causes diarrhea in humans. Its polysaccharide capsule contributes to host colonization and virulence in a strain- and model-specific manner. We investigated if the capsule and its heptose are important for interactions of strain NCTC 11168 with various hosts and their innate immune defenses. We determined that they support bacterial survival in Drosophila melanogaster and enhance virulence in Galleria mellonella. We showed that the capsule had limited antiphagocytic activity in human and chicken macrophages, decreased adherence to chicken macrophages, and decreased intracellular survival in both macrophages. In contrast, the heptose increased uptake by chicken macrophages and supported adherence to human macrophages and survival within them. While the capsule triggered nitric oxide production in chicken macrophages, the heptose mitigated this and protected against nitrosative assault. Finally, the C. jejuni strain NCTC 11168 elicited strong cytokine production in both macrophages but quenched ROS production independently from capsule and heptose, and while the capsule and heptose did not protect against oxidative assault, they favored growth in biofilms under oxidative stress. This study shows that the wild-type capsule with its heptose is optimized to resist innate defenses in strain NCTC 11168 often via antagonistic effects of the capsule and its heptose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Myles
- Microbiology and ImmunologyThe University of Western OntarioLondonOntarioCanada
| | - Heba Barnawi
- Microbiology and ImmunologyThe University of Western OntarioLondonOntarioCanada
| | - Mahmoud Mahmoudpour
- Microbiology and ImmunologyThe University of Western OntarioLondonOntarioCanada
| | - Sargon Shlimon
- Microbiology and ImmunologyThe University of Western OntarioLondonOntarioCanada
| | - Adrienne Chang
- Microbiology and ImmunologyThe University of Western OntarioLondonOntarioCanada
| | - Daniel Zimmermann
- Microbiology and ImmunologyThe University of Western OntarioLondonOntarioCanada
| | - Chiwon Choi
- Microbiology and ImmunologyThe University of Western OntarioLondonOntarioCanada
| | - Najwa Zebian
- Microbiology and ImmunologyThe University of Western OntarioLondonOntarioCanada
| | - Carole Creuzenet
- Microbiology and ImmunologyThe University of Western OntarioLondonOntarioCanada
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Richardson-Sanchez T, Chan ACK, Sabatino B, Lin H, Gaynor EC, Murphy MEP. Dissecting components of the Campylobacter jejuni fetMP-fetABCDEF gene cluster under iron limitation. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0314823. [PMID: 38096459 PMCID: PMC10783030 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03148-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Campylobacter jejuni is a bacterium that is prevalent in the ceca of farmed poultry such as chickens. Consumption of ill-prepared poultry is thus the most common route by which C. jejuni infects the human gut to cause a typically self-limiting but severe gastrointestinal illness that can be fatal to very young, old, or immunocompromised people. The lack of a vaccine and an increasing resistance to current antibiotics highlight a need to better understand the mechanisms that make C. jejuni a successful human pathogen. This study focused on the functional components of one such mechanism-a molecular system that helps C. jejuni thrive despite the restriction on growth-available iron by the human body, which typically defends against pathogens. In providing a deeper understanding of how this system functions, this study contributes toward the goal of reducing the enormous global socioeconomic burden caused by C. jejuni.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Richardson-Sanchez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Anson C. K. Chan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Brendil Sabatino
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Helen Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Erin C. Gaynor
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Michael E. P. Murphy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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25
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Benedetti G, Holm Hansen C, Tølbøll Svendsen A, Grimstrup Joensen K, Sørensen G, Engsbro AL, Torpdahl M, Møller Nielsen E, Ethelberg S. The effect of changing diagnostic method from culture to PCR on the number of episodes of human campylobacteriosis in Denmark: a retrospective study (2015-2022). Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0341823. [PMID: 38063356 PMCID: PMC10783023 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03418-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE This study is important because it shows the potential epidemiological silence associated with the use of culture as the primary diagnostic method for the laboratory identification of human campylobacteriosis. Also, we show how polymerase chain reaction methods are associated with a systematic increase in the number of human campylobacteriosis episodes as reported by routine disease surveillance. These findings are operationally relevant and have public health implications because they tell how crucial it is to consider changes in diagnostic methods, e.g., in the epidemiological analysis of historical data and in the interpretation of future data in light of the past. We also believe that this study highlights how the synergy between microbiology and epidemiology is essential for disease surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Benedetti
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Prevention, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Holm Hansen
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Prevention, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anna Tølbøll Svendsen
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Prevention, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Medicine, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Gitte Sørensen
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Line Engsbro
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Zealand University Hospital, Slagelse, Denmark
- Hvidovre University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Mia Torpdahl
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Eva Møller Nielsen
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Steen Ethelberg
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Prevention, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, Global Health Section, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Cribb DM, Moffatt CRM, Wallace RL, McLure AT, Bulach D, Jennison AV, French N, Valcanis M, Glass K, Kirk MD. Genomic and clinical characteristics of campylobacteriosis in Australia. Microb Genom 2024; 10:001174. [PMID: 38214338 PMCID: PMC10868609 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.001174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter spp. are a common cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in Australia, primarily acquired from contaminated meat. We investigated the relationship between genomic virulence characteristics and the severity of campylobacteriosis, hospitalisation, and other host factors.We recruited 571 campylobacteriosis cases from three Australian states and territories (2018-2019). We collected demographic, health status, risk factors, and self-reported disease data. We whole genome sequenced 422 C. jejuni and 84 C. coli case isolates along with 616 retail meat isolates. We classified case illness severity using a modified Vesikari scoring system, performed phylogenomic analysis, and explored risk factors for hospitalisation and illness severity.On average, cases experienced a 7.5 day diarrhoeal illness with additional symptoms including stomach cramps (87.1 %), fever (75.6 %), and nausea (72.0 %). Cases aged ≥75 years had milder symptoms, lower Vesikari scores, and higher odds of hospitalisation compared to younger cases. Chronic gastrointestinal illnesses also increased odds of hospitalisation. We observed significant diversity among isolates, with 65 C. jejuni and 21 C. coli sequence types. Antimicrobial resistance genes were detected in 20.4 % of isolates, but multidrug resistance was rare (0.04 %). Key virulence genes such as cdtABC (C. jejuni) and cadF were prevalent (>90 % presence) but did not correlate with disease severity or hospitalisation. However, certain genes (e.g. fliK, Cj1136, and Cj1138) appeared to distinguish human C. jejuni cases from food source isolates.Campylobacteriosis generally presents similarly across cases, though some are more severe. Genotypic virulence factors identified in the literature to-date do not predict disease severity but may differentiate human C. jejuni cases from food source isolates. Host factors like age and comorbidities have a greater influence on health outcomes than virulence factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle M. Cribb
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, the Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Cameron R. M. Moffatt
- Queensland Health Forensic and Scientific Services, Coopers Plains, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Rhiannon L. Wallace
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Agassiz Research and Development Centre, Agassiz, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Angus T. McLure
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, the Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Dieter Bulach
- Melbourne Bioinformatics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Microbiological Diagnostic Unit Public Health Laboratory, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Amy V. Jennison
- Queensland Health Forensic and Scientific Services, Coopers Plains, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Nigel French
- Tāwharau Ora|School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Mary Valcanis
- Microbiological Diagnostic Unit Public Health Laboratory, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kathryn Glass
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, the Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Martyn D. Kirk
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, the Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
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Lo Iacono G, Cook AJC, Derks G, Fleming LE, French N, Gillingham EL, Gonzalez Villeta LC, Heaviside C, La Ragione RM, Leonardi G, Sarran CE, Vardoulakis S, Senyah F, van Vliet AHM, Nichols G. A mathematical, classical stratification modeling approach to disentangling the impact of weather on infectious diseases: A case study using spatio-temporally disaggregated Campylobacter surveillance data for England and Wales. PLoS Comput Biol 2024; 20:e1011714. [PMID: 38236828 PMCID: PMC10796013 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Disentangling the impact of the weather on transmission of infectious diseases is crucial for health protection, preparedness and prevention. Because weather factors are co-incidental and partly correlated, we have used geography to separate out the impact of individual weather parameters on other seasonal variables using campylobacteriosis as a case study. Campylobacter infections are found worldwide and are the most common bacterial food-borne disease in developed countries, where they exhibit consistent but country specific seasonality. We developed a novel conditional incidence method, based on classical stratification, exploiting the long term, high-resolution, linkage of approximately one-million campylobacteriosis cases over 20 years in England and Wales with local meteorological datasets from diagnostic laboratory locations. The predicted incidence of campylobacteriosis increased by 1 case per million people for every 5° (Celsius) increase in temperature within the range of 8°-15°. Limited association was observed outside that range. There were strong associations with day-length. Cases tended to increase with relative humidity in the region of 75-80%, while the associations with rainfall and wind-speed were weaker. The approach is able to examine multiple factors and model how complex trends arise, e.g. the consistent steep increase in campylobacteriosis in England and Wales in May-June and its spatial variability. This transparent and straightforward approach leads to accurate predictions without relying on regression models and/or postulating specific parameterisations. A key output of the analysis is a thoroughly phenomenological description of the incidence of the disease conditional on specific local weather factors. The study can be crucially important to infer the elusive mechanism of transmission of campylobacteriosis; for instance, by simulating the conditional incidence for a postulated mechanism and compare it with the phenomenological patterns as benchmark. The findings challenge the assumption, commonly made in statistical models, that the transformed mean rate of infection for diseases like campylobacteriosis is a mere additive and combination of the environmental variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Lo Iacono
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
- Institute for Sustainability, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
- People-Centred Artificial Intelligence Institute, University of Surrey, Guilford, United Kingdom
- Centre for Mathematical and Computational Biology, University of Surrey, Guilford, United Kingdom
| | - Alasdair J. C. Cook
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Gianne Derks
- Centre for Mathematical and Computational Biology, University of Surrey, Guilford, United Kingdom
- Mathematical Institute, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Lora E. Fleming
- European Centre for Environment and Human Health, University of Exeter Medical School, Truro, Cornwall, United Kingdom
| | - Nigel French
- New Zealand Food Safety Science & Research Centre, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | | | - Laura C. Gonzalez Villeta
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Clare Heaviside
- Institute for Environmental Design and Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Roberto M. La Ragione
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
- School of Biosciences, University of Surrey, Guilford, United Kingdom
| | - Giovanni Leonardi
- UK Health Security Agency, Chilton, United Kingdom
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Sotiris Vardoulakis
- Healthy Environments And Lives (HEAL) National Research Network, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Francis Senyah
- UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, United Kingdom
- Médicines Sans Frontièrs, London, United Kingdom
| | - Arnoud H. M. van Vliet
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Gordon Nichols
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
- European Centre for Environment and Human Health, University of Exeter Medical School, Truro, Cornwall, United Kingdom
- UK Health Security Agency, Chilton, United Kingdom
- University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
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Sabotič J, Janež N, Volk M, Klančnik A. Molecular structures mediating adhesion of Campylobacter jejuni to abiotic and biotic surfaces. Vet Microbiol 2023; 287:109918. [PMID: 38029692 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2023.109918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Microaerophilic, Gram-negative Campylobacter jejuni is the causative agent of campylobacteriosis, the most common bacterial gastrointestinal infection worldwide. Adhesion is the crucial first step in both infection or interaction with the host and biofilm formation, and is a critical factor for bacterial persistence. Here we describe the proteins and other surface structures that promote adhesion to various surfaces, including abiotic surfaces, microorganisms, and animal and human hosts. In addition, we provide insight into the distribution of adhesion proteins among strains from different ecological niches and highlight unexplored proteins involved in C. jejuni adhesion. Protein-protein, protein-glycan, and glycan-glycan interactions are involved in C. jejuni adhesion, with different factors contributing to adhesion to varying degrees under different circumstances. As adhesion is essential for survival and persistence, it represents an interesting target for C. jejuni control. Knowledge of the adhesion process is incomplete, as different molecular and functional aspects have been studied for different structures involved in adhesion. Therefore, it is important to strive for an integration of different approaches to obtain a clearer picture of the adhesion process on different surfaces and to consider the involvement of proteins, glycoconjugates, and polysaccharides and their cooperation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerica Sabotič
- Department of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nika Janež
- Department of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Manca Volk
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Anja Klančnik
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Siqueira FM, Breyer GM, De Carli S, Lopes CE, Dias ME, da Silva MERJ, Moni C, Zitelli LC, Borsato M, Gomes R, Lopes FPN, Moraes RC, Cattáneo M, Sosa R, Pessoa GA, de Freitas Costa E. A cross-sectional study on Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis prevalence and associated factors in Brazilian southern cattle farms. Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:3291-3297. [PMID: 37688687 PMCID: PMC10689683 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-01119-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cattle farming is a major livestock activity with economic relevance in Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil. However, this activity is still considered of intermediate to low technological level, and in this region, there are few epidemiologic reports of Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis (Cfv), the causative agent of bovine genital campylobacteriosis (BGC). Thus, we designed a cross-sectional study to assess the prevalence and Cfv-associated factors in cattle farms in RS, Brazil. In total, 99 farms were randomly selected to participate in the survey. Preputial mucus samples from selected bulls were collected twice (within a 15-day interval) and subjected to Cfv molecular detection. A farm was considered positive when at least one sample was positive for Cfv. Our findings indicate that the farm-level Cfv prevalence in RS is 67.67%. On average, the chance of a farm using natural service to be Cfv-positive increased approximately twice compared to farms that do not use natural service. We also determined that Cfv routine tests reduce the chance of a farm being positive by 92%. Therefore, both Cfv detection tests and the reduction of natural services decrease the chance of a farm being positive for Cfv. Finally, we conclude that Cfv is widely spread in Southern Brazil cattle farms and it is urgent the implementation of control measures to reduce Cfv prevalence in the target population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franciele Maboni Siqueira
- Laboratory of Veterinary Bacteriology, Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathology, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Merker Breyer
- Laboratory of Veterinary Bacteriology, Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathology, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Silvia De Carli
- Laboratory of Veterinary Bacteriology, Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathology, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Cassiane E Lopes
- Laboratory of Veterinary Bacteriology, Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathology, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Maria Eduarda Dias
- Laboratory of Veterinary Bacteriology, Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathology, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Maria Eduarda Rocha Jacques da Silva
- Laboratory of Veterinary Bacteriology, Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathology, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Camila Moni
- Laboratory of Veterinary Bacteriology, Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathology, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Larissa Caló Zitelli
- Laboratory of Veterinary Bacteriology, Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathology, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Rogers Gomes
- Laboratorios Microsules Uruguay S.A, Canelones, Uruguay
| | - Francisco Paulo Nunes Lopes
- Secretary of Agriculture, Livestock, Sustainable Production and Irrigation From Rio Grande Do Sul State, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Rosane Collares Moraes
- Secretary of Agriculture, Livestock, Sustainable Production and Irrigation From Rio Grande Do Sul State, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Ruben Sosa
- Laboratorios Microsules Uruguay S.A, Canelones, Uruguay
| | - Gilson Antonio Pessoa
- Embryolab-Animal Embryology Laboratory, Department of Large Animal Clinical (DCGA), Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Eduardo de Freitas Costa
- Department of Epidemiology, Bio-Informatics and Animal Models, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, The Netherlands.
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Subejano MSE, Penuliar G. Characterization of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli isolates from chicken offal in Metro Manila, Philippines: Insights from virulence gene prevalence and multilocus sequence typing analysis. Trop Biomed 2023; 40:422-429. [PMID: 38308829 DOI: 10.47665/tb.40.4.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Campylobacteriosis is a human infection primarily caused by Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli. Consumption of contaminated chicken and poultry products is the main mode of transmission. These bacteria possess virulence factors, including adhesins and toxins, which contribute to their pathogenesis. Moreover, their large genomes undergo frequent genetic recombination, resulting in a high degree of genetic diversity. However, limited information is available regarding the virulence and genotypic diversity profiles of these microorganisms in the Philippines. The objective of this study was to address this knowledge gap by characterizing Campylobacter isolates obtained from chicken offal sold in wet markets in Metro Manila, Philippines. Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) analysis was performed to determine the sequence types, resulting in the identification of 13 unique sequence types, including nine previously unreported ones, and three clonal complexes. Notably, the widespread sequence type ST-305 was found in samples from different markets. Furthermore, six isolates deposited in the Campylobacter PubMLST database were identified as C. coli based on allele profiles. Profiling using 10 selected virulence genes revealed that more than half of the isolates carried these genes. The most prevalent virulence gene was cadF (100%), followed by flaA (95%), racR, cdtA, cdtB, and cdtC (85%). The genes dnaJ and ceuE were also present in 75% of the isolates. Despite the limited sample size, the findings of this study reveal a significant level of genotypic diversity among the Campylobacter isolates. This diversity has important implications for source attribution studies and the identification of strains involved in campylobacteriosis outbreaks. Furthermore, the investigation of virulence factors associated with colonization and invasion of the avian gut can provide insights for the development of practical applications in Campylobacter control strategies. Understanding and addressing these factors are crucial steps toward mitigating the risk of Campylobacter infections and enhancing public health efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S E Subejano
- Institute of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City 1101 Philippines
- Natural Sciences Research Institute, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City 1101 Philippines
| | - G Penuliar
- Institute of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City 1101 Philippines
- Natural Sciences Research Institute, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City 1101 Philippines
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Hizlisoy H, Sagiroglu P, Barel M, Dishan A, Gungor C, Koskeroglu K, Hizlisoy S, Atalay MA. Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli in human stool samples: antibiotic resistance profiles, putative virulence determinants and molecular characterization of the isolates. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:353. [PMID: 37874390 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03786-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Campylobacters, especially C. jejuni and C. coli, have become one of the leading causes of acute gastroenteritis in humans worldwide in recent years. We aimed to investigate the presence, antimicrobial resistance, putative virulence genes, and molecular characterization of C. jejuni and C. coli recovered from human acute gastroenteritis cases in the study. In the study, suspected Campylobacter spp. isolates were obtained in 43 (5%) feces samples collected from a total of 850 patients who applied to the Erciyes University Medical Faculty acute clinic between March 2019 and February 2020. As a result of the phenotypic tests, these isolates were determined to be Campylobacter spp. According to the multiplex PCR, 33 of 43 Campylobacter spp. isolates were identified as C. jejuni (76%) and ten isolates were as C. coli (24%). In the disc diffusion test, the highest resistance rate was found in the trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (90.1%) and ciprofloxacin (90.1%), and the lowest rate was found in the amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (9.3%). In Campylobacter spp. isolates, the virulence genes cdtA, virB11, cdtB, cadF, iam, ceu, and flaA were found to be positive at rates of 26 (60%), 28 (65.6%), 13 (30%), 4 (9%), 27 (62%), 17 (39%), and 7 (16%), respectively. However, the cdtC gene was not detected in any of the isolates. The study searched tetO gene to examine the genetic aspect of tetracycline resistance, which was found in all Campylobacter spp. isolates. In the PCR reactions to investigate A2074C and A2075G mutations of macrolide resistance, it was determined as 7 (16%) and 21 (48%) of the isolates. To detect quinolone resistance, the rates of quinolone resistance-determining regions (QRDR) were 20 (45.4%) and the gyrA gene mutations in the mismatch amplification mutation assay PCR (MAMA-PCR), were 19 (43.1%) of isolates. In addition, the quinolone resistance gene (qnr) carried by plasmid in Campylobacter isolates was not found in the study. BlaOXA-61 and CmeB (multi-drug efflux pump) genes were detected as 28 (63.6%) and 30 (68.1), respectively. The Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus PCR (ERIC-PCR) used for typing the isolates revealed that the band profiles obtained from the isolates were different. In conclusion, this was a very comprehensive study revealing the presence of antibiotic-resistant C. jejuni and C. coli with various virulence genes in patients admitted to a university hospital with acute gastroenteritis. This is of utmost significance for public health. Since campylobacteria are foodborne, zoonotic pathogens and transmission occurs mostly through food. People should have detailed information about the transmission routes of campylobacteria and risky foods. In addition, staff, food processors and caterers, should be trained in hygiene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harun Hizlisoy
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Pinar Sagiroglu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Mukaddes Barel
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Adalet Dishan
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yozgat Bozok University, Sorgun, Yozgat, Turkey
| | - Candan Gungor
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Kursat Koskeroglu
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Serhat Hizlisoy
- Department of Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Kayseri University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Altay Atalay
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
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Ohno Y, Sekizuka T, Kuroda M, Ikeda T. Outbreaks of Campylobacteriosis Caused by Drinking Raw Milk in Japan: Evidence of Relationship Between Milk and Patients by Using Whole Genome Sequencing. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2023; 20:375-380. [PMID: 37471207 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2023.0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Raw milk may contain some infectious bacteria and usually requires pasteurization before drinking. In this study, we report rare outbreaks of campylobacteriosis associated with raw milk in Japan, and the application of whole genome sequencing (WGS) to studies on foodborne diseases. In August 2018, there were three outbreaks of campylobacteriosis, presumably caused by the consumption of unpasteurized raw milk, derived from the same farm; thus, these three outbreaks seemed to be associated with a single contaminant at the farm. Therefore, we analyzed Campylobacter jejuni isolates obtained at the three locations using several genetic methods. The sequence type of each isolate, revealed by multilocus sequence typing, was ST-61, and the profile determined using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis was the same; however, neither method could distinguish these from previously obtained strains. Subsequently, we performed WGS and single nucleotide variant (SNV) analysis that provided evidence of clonality, indicating that C. jejuni contamination was attributed to the farm. As in this study, evidence suggests that SNV analysis provides molecular biological support in cases with sufficient epidemiological information. Hence, similar analytical methods may be used in other sporadic cases to elucidate the relevance of the cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Ohno
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hokkaido Institute of Public Health, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Sekizuka
- Laboratory of Bacterial Genomics, Pathogen Genomics Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Kuroda
- Laboratory of Bacterial Genomics, Pathogen Genomics Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Ikeda
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hokkaido Institute of Public Health, Hokkaido, Japan
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Callahan SM, Hancock TJ, Doster RS, Parker CB, Wakim ME, Gaddy JA, Johnson JG. A secreted sirtuin from Campylobacter jejuni contributes to neutrophil activation and intestinal inflammation during infection. Sci Adv 2023; 9:eade2693. [PMID: 37566649 PMCID: PMC10421069 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade2693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Histone modifications control numerous processes in eukaryotes, including inflammation. Some bacterial pathogens alter the activity or expression of host-derived factors, including sirtuins, to modify histones and induce responses that promote infection. In this study, we identified a deacetylase encoded by Campylobacter jejuni which has sirtuin activities and contributes to activation of human neutrophils by the pathogen. This sirtuin is secreted from the bacterium into neutrophils, where it associates with and deacetylates host histones to promote neutrophil activation and extracellular trap production. Using the murine model of campylobacteriosis, we found that a mutant of this bacterial sirtuin efficiently colonized the gastrointestinal tract but was unable to induce cytokine production, gastrointestinal inflammation, and tissue pathology. In conclusion, these results suggest that secreted bacterial sirtuins represent a previously unreported class of bacterial effector and that bacterial-mediated modification of host histones is responsible for the inflammation and pathology that occurs during campylobacteriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean M. Callahan
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Trevor J. Hancock
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Medical Center, Knoxville, TN 37930, USA
| | - Ryan S. Doster
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Caroline B. Parker
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Mary E. Wakim
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Jennifer A. Gaddy
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jeremiah G. Johnson
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
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Ortega-Sanz I, García M, Bocigas C, Megías G, Melero B, Rovira J. Genomic Characterization of Campylobacter jejuni Associated with Perimyocarditis: A Family Case Report. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2023; 20:368-373. [PMID: 37366876 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2023.0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter spp. is the leading cause of foodborne gastrointestinal infections in humans worldwide. This study reports the first case of four family members who had contact with the same source of Campylobacter jejuni contamination with different results. Only the little siblings were infected by the same C. jejuni strain, but with different symptoms. Whereas the daughter was slightly affected with mild enteritis, the son suffered a longer campylobacteriosis followed with a perimyocarditis. This is the first case of the youngest patient affected by C. jejuni-related perimyocarditis published to date. The genomes of both strains were characterized by whole-genome sequencing and compared with the C. jejuni NCTC 11168 genome to gain insights into the molecular features that may be associated with perimyocarditis. Various comparison tools were used for the comparative genomics analysis, including the identification of virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes, phase variable (PV) genes, and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) identification. Comparisons of the strains identified 16 SNPs between them, which constituted small but significant changes mainly affecting the ON/OFF state of PV genes after passing through both hosts. These results suggest that PV occurs during human colonization, which modulates bacteria virulence through human host adaptation, which ultimately is related to complications after a campylobacteriosis episode depending on the host status. The findings highlight the importance of the relation between host and pathogen in severe complications of Campylobacter infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Ortega-Sanz
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, University of Burgos, Burgos, Spain
| | - Marcial García
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, University of Burgos, Burgos, Spain
| | - Carolina Bocigas
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, University of Burgos, Burgos, Spain
| | - Gregoria Megías
- Microbiology Department of the University Hospital of Burgos (HUBU), Burgos, Spain
| | - Beatriz Melero
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, University of Burgos, Burgos, Spain
| | - Jordi Rovira
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, University of Burgos, Burgos, Spain
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Deblais L, Ojeda A, Brhane M, Mummed B, Hassen KA, Ahmedo BU, Weldesenbet YD, Amin JK, Ahmed IA, Usmane IA, Yusuf EA, Seran AJ, Abrahim FI, Game HT, Mummed BA, Usmail MM, Umer KA, Dawid MM, Gebreyes W, French N, Hassen JY, Roba KT, Mohammed A, Yimer G, Saleem C, Chen D, Singh N, Manary MJ, McKune SL, Havelaar AH, Rajashekara G. Prevalence and Load of the Campylobacter Genus in Infants and Associated Household Contacts in Rural Eastern Ethiopia: a Longitudinal Study from the Campylobacter Genomics and Environmental Enteric Dysfunction (CAGED) Project. Appl Environ Microbiol 2023; 89:e0042423. [PMID: 37310259 PMCID: PMC10370295 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00424-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In our previous cross-sectional study, multiple species of Campylobacter were detected (88%) in stool samples from children (12 to 14 months of age) in rural eastern Ethiopia. This study assessed the temporal fecal carriage of Campylobacter in infants and identified putative reservoirs associated with these infections in infants from the same region. The prevalence and load of Campylobacter were determined using genus-specific real-time PCR. Stool samples from 106 infants (n = 1,073) were collected monthly from birth until 376 days of age (DOA). Human stool samples (mothers and siblings), livestock feces (cattle, chickens, goats, and sheep), and environmental samples (soil and drinking water) from the 106 households were collected twice per household (n = 1,644). Campylobacter was most prevalent in livestock feces (goats, 99%; sheep, 98%; cattle, 99%; chickens, 93%), followed by human stool samples (siblings, 91%; mothers, 83%; infants, 64%) and environmental samples (soil, 58%; drinking water, 43%). The prevalence of Campylobacter in infant stool samples significantly increased with age, from 30% at 27 DOA to 89% at 360 DOA (1% increase/day in the odds of being colonized) (P < 0.001). The Campylobacter load increased linearly (P < 0.001) with age from 2.95 logs at 25 DOA to 4.13 logs at 360 DOA. Within a household, the Campylobacter load in infant stool samples was positively correlated with the load in mother stool samples (r2 = 0.18) and soil collected inside the house (r2 = 0.36), which were in turn both correlated with Campylobacter loads in chicken and cattle feces (0.60 < r2 < 0.63) (P < 0.01). In conclusion, a high proportion of infants are infected with Campylobacter in eastern Ethiopia, and contact with the mother and contaminated soil may be associated with early infections. IMPORTANCE A high Campylobacter prevalence during early childhood has been associated with environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) and stunting, especially in low-resource settings. Our previous study demonstrated that Campylobacter was frequently found (88%) in children from eastern Ethiopia; however, little is known about potential Campylobacter reservoirs and transmission pathways leading to infection of infants by Campylobacter during early growth. In the longitudinal study presented here, Campylobacter was frequently detected in infants within the 106 surveyed households from eastern Ethiopia, and the prevalence was age dependent. Furthermore, preliminary analyses highlighted the potential role of the mother, soil, and livestock in the transmission of Campylobacter to the infant. Further work will explore the species and genetic composition of Campylobacter in infants and putative reservoirs using PCR and whole-genome and metagenomic sequencing. The findings from these studies can lead to the development of interventions to minimize the risk of transmission of Campylobacter to infants and, potentially, EED and stunting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amanda Ojeda
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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- Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | | | | | | | - Getnet Yimer
- Global One Health Initiative, The Ohio State University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Cyrus Saleem
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Dehao Chen
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Nitya Singh
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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Kato I, Minkevitch J, Sun J. Oncogenic potential of Campylobacter infection in the gastrointestinal tract: narrative review. Scand J Gastroenterol 2023; 58:1453-1465. [PMID: 37366241 DOI: 10.1080/00365521.2023.2228954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Campylobacter jejuni is the leading cause of zoonotic gastroenteritis. The other emerging group of Campylobacters spp. are part of human oral commensal, represented by C. concisus (CC), which has been recently linked to non-oral conditions. Although long-term gastrointestinal (GI) complications from these two groups of Campylobacters have been previously reviewed individually, overall impact of Campylobacter infection on GI carcinogenesis and their inflammatory precursor lesions has not been assessed collectively. AIMS To evaluate the available evidence concerning the association between Campylobacter infection/colonization and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), reflux esophagitis/metaplasia colorectal cancer (CRC) and esophageal cancer (EC). METHODS We performed a comprehensive literature search of PubMed for relevant original publications and systematic reviews/meta-analyses of epidemiological and clinical studies. In addition, we gathered additional information concerning microbiological data, animal models and mechanistic data from in vitro studies. RESULTS Both retrospective and prospective studies on IBD showed relatively consistent increased risk associated with Campylobacter infection. Despite lack of supporting prospective studies, retrospective studies based on tissue/fecal microbiome revealed consistent enrichment of Campylobacter in CRC samples. Studies on EC precursor lesions (esophagitis and metaplasia) were generally supportive for the association with Campylobacter, while inconsistent observations on EC. Studies on both IBD and EC precursors suggested the predominant role of CC, but studies on CRC were not informative of species. CONCLUSIONS There is sufficient evidence calling for concerted effort in unveiling direct and indirect connection of this organism to colorectal and esophageal cancer in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikuko Kato
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Julia Minkevitch
- Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jun Sun
- Department of Microbiology/Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), Chicago, IL, USA
- UIC Cancer Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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Courtice JM, Ahmad TB, Wei C, Mahdi LK, Palmieri C, Juma S, Groves PJ, Hancock K, Korolik V, Petrovsky N, Kotiw M. Detection, characterization, and persistence of Campylobacter hepaticus, the cause of spotty liver disease in layer hens. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102462. [PMID: 37209651 PMCID: PMC10209450 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A Campylobacter species was first described as the etiological agent of Spotty Liver Disease (SLD) in 2015 and subsequently named as Campylobacter hepaticus in 2016. The bacterium predominantly affects barn and/or free-range hens at peak lay, is fastidious and difficult to isolate, which has impeded elucidation of its sources, means of persistence and transmission. Ten farms from South-Eastern Australia, of which 7 were free range entities participated in the study. A total of 1,404 specimens from layers and 201 from environmental sources, were examined for the presence of C. hepaticus. In this study, our principal findings included the continuing detection of C. hepaticus infection in a flock following an outbreak, indicating a possible transition of infected hens to asymptomatic carriers, that was also characterized by no further occurrence of SLD in the flock. We also report that the first outbreaks of SLD on newly commissioned free-range farms affected layers ranging from 23 to 74 wk of age, while subsequent outbreaks in replacement flocks on these farms occurred during the more conventional peak lay period (23-32 wk of age). Finally, we report that in the on-farm environment, C. hepaticus DNA was detected in layer feces, inert elements such as stormwater, mud, soil, as well as in fauna such as flies, red mites, Darkling beetles, and rats. While in off-farm locations, the bacterium was detected in feces from a variety of wild birds and a canine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodi M Courtice
- School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
| | - Tarek B Ahmad
- School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
| | - Chuanyu Wei
- School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
| | - Layla K Mahdi
- University of South Australia, UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, SA, Australia
| | - Chiara Palmieri
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, QLD, Australia
| | - Sarah Juma
- School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
| | - Peter J Groves
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW, Australia
| | - Kerry Hancock
- School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
| | - Victoria Korolik
- The Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia
| | - Nikolai Petrovsky
- Flinders Medical Centre, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
| | - Michael Kotiw
- School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia.
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Levican A, Varela C, Porte L, Weitzel T, Briceño I, Guerra F, Mena B, Hinton A. Head-to-head comparison of CAMPYAIR aerobic culture medium versus standard microaerophilic culture for Campylobacter isolation from clinical samples. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1153693. [PMID: 37384222 PMCID: PMC10293832 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1153693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter spp. are considered the most frequent cause of acute gastroenteritis worldwide. However, outside high-income countries, its burden is poorly understood. Limited published data suggest that Campylobacter prevalence in low- and middle-income countries is high, but their reservoirs and age distribution are different. Culturing Campylobacter is expensive due to laboratory equipment and supplies needed to grow the bacterium (e.g., selective culture media, microaerophilic atmosphere, and a 42°C incubator). These requirements limit the diagnostic capacity of clinical laboratories in many resource-poor regions, leading to significant underdiagnosis and underreporting of isolation of the pathogen. CAMPYAIR, a newly developed selective differential medium, permits Campylobacter isolation without the need for microaerophilic incubation. The medium is supplemented with antibiotics to allow Campylobacter isolation in complex matrices such as human feces. The present study aims to evaluate the ability of the medium to recover Campylobacter from routine clinical samples. A total of 191 human stool samples were used to compare the ability of CAMPYAIR (aerobic incubation) and a commercial Campylobacter medium (CASA, microaerophilic incubation) to recover Campylobacter. All Campylobacter isolates were then identified by MALDI-TOF MS. CAMPYAIR showed sensitivity and specificity values of 87.5% (95% CI 47.4%-99.7%) and 100% (95% CI 98%-100%), respectively. The positive predictive value of CAMPYAIR was 100% and its negative predictive value was 99.5% (95% CI 96.7%-99.9%); Kappa Cohen coefficient was 0.93 (95% CI 0.79-1.0). The high diagnostic performance and low technical requirements of the CAMPYAIR medium could permit Campylobacter culture in countries with limited resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Levican
- Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Carmen Varela
- Laboratorio Clínico, Clínica Alemana, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lorena Porte
- Laboratorio Clínico, Clínica Alemana, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Thomas Weitzel
- Laboratorio Clínico, Clínica Alemana, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
- Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina (ICIM), Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Isabel Briceño
- Laboratorio Clínico, Hospital Naval Almirante Nef, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Francisco Guerra
- Laboratorio Clínico, Hospital Naval Almirante Nef, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Benjamín Mena
- Laboratorio Clínico, Hospital Naval Almirante Nef, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Arthur Hinton
- Poultry Microbiological Safety and Processing Research Unit, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, Athens, GA, United States
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Dias TS, de Almeida Figueira A, Costa GA, da Cunha NC, Rossi DA, de Melo RT, de Almeida Pereira VL, de Aquino MHC. SVR-flaA typing of erythromycin- and ciprofloxacin-resistant Campylobacter jejuni strains isolated from poultry slaughterhouses in southern Brazil. Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:1065-1073. [PMID: 37055624 PMCID: PMC10234967 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-00969-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of fluoroquinolone and macrolide resistance in C. jejuni, a recognized zoonotic pathogen, has increased worldwide. This study aimed to investigate phenotypic resistance to ciprofloxacin and erythromycin, the molecular mechanisms involved, and the strain of C. jejuni isolated from broiler carcasses. Eighty C. jejuni isolates from broiler carcasses in southern Brazil were investigated for their susceptibility to ciprofloxacin and erythromycin at minimal inhibitory concentrations. Mismatch amplification mutation assay-polymerase chain reaction (MAMA-PCR) was performed to detect substitutions of Thr-86-Ile, A2074C, and A2075G of domain V in the 23S rRNA. The presence of ermB gene and CmeABC operon were investigated by PCR. DNA sequencing was used to detect substitutions in the L4 and L22 proteins of the erythromycin-resistant strains. The Short Variable Region (SVR) of flaA was used to type all the strains resistant to both antimicrobials. Ciprofloxacin and erythromycin resistance were detected in 81.25% and 30.00% of the strains, respectively, and minimal inhibitory concentration values ranged from ≤ 0.125 to 64 µg/mL for ciprofloxacin and 0.5 to > 128 µg/mL for erythromycin. The Thr-86-Ile mutation in gyrA was observed in 100% of the ciprofloxacin-resistant strains. Mutations in both the A2074C and A2075G positions of 23S rRNA were observed in 62.5% of the erythromycin-resistant strains, while 37.5% had only the mutation A2075G. None of the strains harbored CmeABC operon, and ermB was not detected. Using DNA sequencing, the amino acid substitution T177S was detected in L4, and substitutions I65V, A103V, and S109A were detected in L22. Twelve flaA-SVR alleles were identified among the strains, with the most common SVR-flaA allele, type 287, covering 31.03% of ciprofloxacin- and erythromycin-resistant isolates. The present study revealed a high incidence and high levels of resistance to ciprofloxacin and erythromycin, as well as broad molecular diversity in C. jejuni isolates from broiler carcasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Salles Dias
- Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Medicine (Veterinary Hygiene and Processing Technology of Animal Products), Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rua Vital Brasil Filho, 64, Zip Code: 24230340, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Arthur de Almeida Figueira
- Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Medicine (Veterinary Hygiene and Processing Technology of Animal Products), Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rua Vital Brasil Filho, 64, Zip Code: 24230340, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
| | - Gisllany Alves Costa
- Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Medicine (Veterinary Hygiene and Processing Technology of Animal Products), Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rua Vital Brasil Filho, 64, Zip Code: 24230340, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
| | - Nathalie Costa da Cunha
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
| | - Daise Aparecida Rossi
- Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Roberta Torres de Melo
- Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Virginia Léo de Almeida Pereira
- Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Medicine (Veterinary Hygiene and Processing Technology of Animal Products), Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rua Vital Brasil Filho, 64, Zip Code: 24230340, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
| | - Maria Helena Cosendey de Aquino
- Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Medicine (Veterinary Hygiene and Processing Technology of Animal Products), Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rua Vital Brasil Filho, 64, Zip Code: 24230340, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
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Carney G, Weimer BC, Clyne M, Ó Cróinín T. Different stages of the infection cycle are enriched for Campylobacter strains with distinct phenotypes and levels of fluoroquinolone resistance. Microbiology (Reading) 2023; 169:001349. [PMID: 37351946 PMCID: PMC10333793 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.001349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Campylobacter species are the leading cause of bacterial diarrhoea worldwide and consumption of contaminated chicken meat is the most common route of infection. Chickens can be infected with multiple strains of Campylobacter and during the infection cycle this pathogen must survive a wide variety of environments. Numerous studies have reported a high degree of genetic variability in this pathogen that can use antigenic and phase variation to alter the expression of key phenotypes. In this study the phenotypic profile of isolates from freshly slaughtered chickens, chicken products in the supermarket and stool samples from infected patients were compared to identify phenotypic changes during the passage of the bacteria through the infection cycle. Isolates from different stages of the infection cycle had altered phenotypic profiles with isolates from human stool samples showing a lower ability to form a biofilm and an increased ability to associate with epithelial cells in vitro. Resistance to fluoroquinolones was found in all cohorts but at a much higher occurrence (94%) in isolates from supermarket chicken. Isolates displaying high levels of resistance to fluoroquinolones also were more likely to display a higher tolerance to growth in the presence of oxygen. In conclusion, isolates with specific phenotypes appear to be overly represented at different stages of the infection cycle suggesting that environmental stresses may be enriched for strains with these phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian Carney
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Bart C. Weimer
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Population Health and Reproduction, 100K Pathogen Genome Project, UC Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Marguerite Clyne
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Tadhg Ó Cróinín
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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Khan K, Jalal K, Alam Y, Alotaibi G, Al Mouslem A, Uddin R, Hassan SS, Basharat Z. An integrated computational approach to infer therapeutic targets from Campylobacter concisus and peptidomimetic based inhibition of its pyrimidine metabolism pathway. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:13127-13137. [PMID: 37000926 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2191148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Campylobacter concisus is a commensal of the human oral flora that has been allied with persistent diarrhea and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In children under the age of two, Campylobacter infections are common in the developing countries and have frequently been associated with mortality. They are becoming a prevalent cause of bacterial diarrhea in early adulthood in developed countries as well. The need for identifying new therapeutic targets and drugs is crucial for curbing such infections. Therefore, we identified 18 cytoplasmic potential therapeutic candidates against the type strain of C. concisus and deoxycytidine triphosphate deaminase (dCTP deaminase), involved in pyrimidine synthesis was selected for screening of peptidomimetic inhibitors (n > 30,000 peptidomimetics) against it. To the best of our knowledge, this target has not been studied for Campylobacter spp. Three potent inhibitors of this enzyme were prioritized i.e. peptidomimetic 27, 64, and 150. Dynamics simulation of 100 ns was carried out to validate findings for top-scored inhibitors along with physiology-based pharmacokinetics to estimate behavior in human body and predict dosing parameters. This verification demonstrates a first-in-human pharmacokinetic simulation for these peptidomimetics and can help enhance confidence in these peptide-like structures. Moiety 27 (IUPAC name: 5-[(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)methyl]-N-{[2-(2-methoxyethyl)-1-oxo-1H,2H,3H,4H-pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazin-3-yl]methyl}furan-2-carboxamide), 64 (IUPAC name: 3-(2-methylpropyl)-1-{3-[5-(5-oxo-1-phenylpyrrolidin-3-yl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl}urea), and 150 (IUPAC name: N-(3-methoxypropyl)-1-[6-(4-methylphenyl)-4H,6H,7H-[1,2,3]triazolo[4,3-c][1,4]oxazine-3-carbonyl]piperidine-4-carboxamide) were identified as potent inhibitors of C. concisus.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanwal Khan
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Science, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Khurshid Jalal
- HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry International Center for Chemical and Biological Science, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Yasir Alam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Anning Lanzhou, China
| | - Ghallab Alotaibi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Al-Dawadmi Campus, Shaqra University, Shaqra, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Al Mouslem
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reaz Uddin
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Science, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Syed Shah Hassan
- Jamil-ur-Rahman Center for Genome Research, Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Zarrin Basharat
- Jamil-ur-Rahman Center for Genome Research, Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
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Santos LS, Rossi DA, Braz RF, Fonseca BB, Guidotti–Takeuchi M, Alves RN, Beletti ME, Almeida-Souza HO, Maia LP, Santos PDS, de Souza JB, de Melo RT. Roles of viable but non-culturable state in the survival of Campylobacter jejuni. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1122450. [PMID: 37056707 PMCID: PMC10086134 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1122450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite being considered fragile and fastidious, Campylobacter jejuni is the most prevalent cause of foodborne bacterial gastroenteritis, and chicken meat is considered the main vehicle of transmission to humans. This agent can survive adverse conditions in the form of biofilms, but extreme stress (nutritional, oxidative and thermal) promotes the acquisition of a state called viable but not culturable (VBNC). The emergence of this pathogen worldwide and the recent international requirements in its control instigated us to qualitatively and quantitatively estimate the time required for the acquisition of the VBNC form in 27 strains of C. jejuni, characterize morphological aspects, determine its adaptive and invasive potential and perform comparative metabolomic evaluation. Extreme stress promoted the complete acquisition of the VBNC form in a mean time of 26 days. Starting from an average initial count of 7.8 log CFU/mL, the first four days determined the greatest average reduction of the culturable form of 3.2 log CFU/mL. The scanning and transmission image analyses showed a transition from the typical viable form (VT) to the VBNC form, with initial acquisition of the straight rod shape, followed by loss of the flagella and subdivision into two to 11 imperfect cocci arranged in a chain and rich in cellular content, until their individual release. RT-PCR identified the presence of ciaB and p19 transcripts in the 27 cultivable C. jejuni strains, a character maintained in the VBNC form only for p19 and in 59.3% (16/27) of the VBNC strains for the ciaB gene. The average inoculation of 1.8 log CFU/mL of C. jejuni VBNC into primary chicken embryo hepatocyte cells promoted the occurrence of apoptosis processes significantly after 24 hours of contact by one of the strains tested. In C. jejuni VBNC, we detected higher expression of metabolites linked to protective and adaptation mechanisms and of volatile organic precursor compounds indicative of metabolism interruption. The oscillations in the time of acquisition of the VBNC form together with the presence of transcripts for ciaB and p19, the identification of cell lysis and metabolites that ensure the maintenance of the pathogen alert to the fact that C. jejuni VBNC remains virulent and adapted to stress, which makes evident the potential danger of this latent form, which is not detectable by official methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Silva Santos
- Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Brazil
| | - Daise Aparecida Rossi
- Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Larissa Prado Maia
- Biotechnology Institute, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Brazil
| | | | | | - Roberta Torres de Melo
- Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Roberta Torres de Melo,
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Tawakol MM, Nabil NM, Samir A, M HH, Yonis AE, Shahein MA, Elsayed MM. The potential role of migratory birds in the transmission of pathogenic Campylobacter species to broiler chickens in broiler poultry farms and live bird markets. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:66. [PMID: 36899325 PMCID: PMC9999534 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-02794-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Campylobacter species (spp.) are one of the most important zoonotic bacteria possessing potential hazards for animal and human health worldwide. Migratory birds are implicated as significant carriers for microbes and a play very important role in the dissemination of Campylobacter to broiler chickens and their environment. The purpose of this investigation was to detect the prevalence, antibiotic resistant patterns, virulence and diversity of pathogenic Campylobacter spp. in 7 migratory bird species (Northern shoveler, Common pochard, Common teal, Northern pintail, Eared Grebe, Great Crested Grebe and Garganey) and broiler chickens that were collected from broiler poultry farms and live bird markets. RESULTS The prevalence of Campylobacter was 12.5% (25/200), of which 15% (15/100) was recovered from 5 migratory bird species only and 10% (10/100) from broiler chickens. At the level of migratory birds, eight isolates (53.3%) were Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) and 7 isolates (46.7%) were Campylobacter coli (C. coli) meanwhile, in broiler chickens C. jejuni and C. coli were 50% (5/10) for each. All isolated strains had phenotypic resistance to doxycycline, while all of the isolates were susceptible to amikacin. The multidrug resistance to three, four or five antimicrobial classes was found in 72% (18/25) of the isolated strains. The multiantibiotic resistance index between the examined isolates was 0.22-0.77, with 10 antibiotic resistance patterns. The virulence of isolated Campylobacter strains (from both migratory birds and broiler chicken birds) was detected by targeting the VirB11, ciaB and iam genes which were recorded at 16%, 52% and 100%, respectively. Additionally, 100% and 84% of the antibiotic resistance genes were identified as tetA and BlaOXA-61, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study revealed the diversity between all the isolated strains from migratory birds and their similarity to broiler chicken isolates. The findings of the present study highlight the impact of migratory birds visiting Egypt and other countries on pathogenic Campylobacter spp. carrying pathogenic virulence and resistance genes, necessitating the application of biosecurity measures to prevent migratory birds from entering farms during their migration period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maram M Tawakol
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control On Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Nadi El-Seid Street, Dokki, Giza, 12618, Egypt
| | - Nehal M Nabil
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control On Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Nadi El-Seid Street, Dokki, Giza, 12618, Egypt
| | - Abdelhafez Samir
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control On Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Nadi El-Seid Street, Dokki, Giza, 12618, Egypt
| | - Hawash H M
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control On Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Nadi El-Seid Street, Dokki, Giza, 12618, Egypt
| | - Ahlam E Yonis
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control On Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Nadi El-Seid Street, Dokki, Giza, 12618, Egypt
| | - Momtaz A Shahein
- Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Nadi El-Seid Street, Dokki, Giza, 12618, Egypt
| | - Mona M Elsayed
- Department of Hygiene and Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
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García JA, Farace P, Gioffré AK, Morsella C, Méndez MA, Acuña J, Aller JF, Signorini M, Paolicchi FA. Bovine campylobacteriosis in bulls: insights in the conventional and molecular diagnosis. Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:459-467. [PMID: 36562912 PMCID: PMC9943827 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-022-00892-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter fetus is a gram-negative motile bacterium, with two subspecies relevant to cattle health: C. fetus subsp. venerealis (Cfv) and C. fetus subsp. fetus (Cff). Both subspecies are associated with reproductive losses in cattle. In this study, we evaluated the identification of C. fetus for the diagnosis of bovine campylobacteriosis through bacteriological culture, direct immunofluorescence (DIF) and molecular tests in preputial smegma (PS) samples of three Angus bulls challenged with Cfv, Cfv biovar intermedius (Cfvi) or Cff, respectively, in an experiment imitating the natural infection. Two DNA extraction protocols were tested (in-house thermal extraction and commercial kit). Aspiration and scraping collection for PS were compared by conventional tests. Additionally, bacteremia was also evaluated in blood samples. Bulls were challenged by natural mating with heifers that had been experimentally infected with C. fetus subspecies; which led to infection. The Cfv- and Cfvi-bulls were positive for at least 9 months. Although Cff is not considered a venereal strain, in this study it was transmissible to bull from heifers experimentally infected, as evidenced by its colonization and persistence in the preputial cavity for 5 to 6 months. This finding suggests a potential risk of dissemination within herds. The results obtained by bacteriological culture or direct immunofluorescence (DIF) showed no significant differences, regardless the sampling device used (aspiration with Cassou pipette, metal and plastic scraper). C. fetus qPCR, on the other hand, yielded better results with an in-house DNA extraction method than with a commercial kit (75% vs 66.6%). Furthermore, qPCR diagnosis was more efficient than culture (66.6%) or DIF (56%). Bacteremia in whole blood samples was negative by qPCR and bacteriological culture in all samples. Altogether, this study demonstrated the transmission of Cff from heifers to bull and also showed that PCR-based methods are promising for the diagnosis of Bovine Genital Campylobacteriosis from clinical samples of PS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan A García
- Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y el Desarrollo Sostenible (IPADS, INTA-CONICET), Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Pablo Farace
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IABIMO, INTA-CONICET), Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrea K Gioffré
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IABIMO, INTA-CONICET), Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Claudia Morsella
- Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y el Desarrollo Sostenible (IPADS, INTA-CONICET), Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María A Méndez
- Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y el Desarrollo Sostenible (IPADS, INTA-CONICET), Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Joaquín Acuña
- Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y el Desarrollo Sostenible (IPADS, INTA-CONICET), Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan F Aller
- Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y el Desarrollo Sostenible (IPADS, INTA-CONICET), Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcelo Signorini
- Instituto de Investigación de la Cadena Láctea (INTA - CONICET), Rafaela, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Fernando A Paolicchi
- Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y el Desarrollo Sostenible (IPADS, INTA-CONICET), Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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45
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Omarova S, Awad K, Moos V, Püning C, Gölz G, Schulzke JD, Bücker R. Intestinal Barrier in Post-Campylobacter jejuni Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13030449. [PMID: 36979384 PMCID: PMC10046606 DOI: 10.3390/biom13030449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) is one of the most common causes of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide. One sequela of this infection is the development of post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome (PI-IBS). It has been suggested that a dysfunctional intestinal barrier may promote IBS development. We aimed to test this hypothesis against the background of the leaky gut concept for low-grade inflammation in PI-IBS. Methods: We identified patients with persistent PI-IBS symptoms after C. jejuni infection. During sigmoidoscopy, forceps biopsies were obtained for electrophysiological measurements of epithelial transport and barrier function in miniaturized Ussing devices. C. jejuni absence was checked by PCR and cytokine production with immunohistochemistry. Results: In PI-IBS, the epithelial resistance of the colon epithelium was unaltered, reflecting an intact paracellular pathway. In contrast, temperature-dependent horseradish peroxidase (HRP, 44 kDa) permeation increased. Short-circuit current (Isc) reflecting active anion secretion and ENaC-dependent electrogenic sodium absorption was unaffected. Early endosome antigen-1 (EEA1) and IL-4 levels increased. C. jejuni is not incorporated into the resident microbiota of the colon mucosa in PI-IBS. Conclusions: In PI-IBS after C. jejuni infection, macromolecule uptake via endocytosis was enhanced, leading to low-grade inflammation with pro-inflammatory cytokine release. The findings will allow C. jejuni-induced pathomechanisms to be targeted during infection and, thereafter to reduce sequelae such as PI-IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sholpan Omarova
- Clinical Physiology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Karem Awad
- Clinical Physiology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Verena Moos
- Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Püning
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Center for Veterinary Public Health, Institute of Food Safety and Food Hygiene, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Greta Gölz
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Center for Veterinary Public Health, Institute of Food Safety and Food Hygiene, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörg-Dieter Schulzke
- Clinical Physiology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, 12203 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Roland Bücker
- Clinical Physiology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, 12203 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence:
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46
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Morita D, Arai H, Isobe J, Maenishi E, Kumagai T, Maruyama F, Kuroda T. Whole-Genome and Plasmid Comparative Analysis of Campylobacter jejuni from Human Patients in Toyama, Japan, from 2015 to 2019. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0265922. [PMID: 36622198 PMCID: PMC9927224 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02659-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is a major causative agent of food poisoning, and increasing antimicrobial resistance is a concern. This study investigated 116 clinical isolates of C. jejuni from Toyama, Japan, which were isolated from 2015 to 2019. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and whole-genome sequencing were used for phenotypic and genotypic characterization to compare antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles and phylogenic linkage. The multilocus sequence typing approach identified 37 sequence types (STs) and 15 clonal complexes (CCs), including 7 novel STs, and the high frequency CCs were CC21 (27.7%), CC48 (10.9%), and CC354 (9.9%). The AMR profiles and related resistant factors were as follows: fluoroquinolones (51.7%), mutation in quinolone resistance-determining region (QRDRs) (GyrA T86I); tetracyclines (27.6%), acquisition of tet(O); ampicillin (7.8%), harboring blaOXA184 or a promoter mutation in blaOXA193; aminoglycosides (1.7%), acquisition of ant(6)-Ia and aph(3')-III; chloramphenicol (0.9%), acquisition of cat. The acquired resistance genes tet(O), ant(6)-Ia, aph(3')-III, and cat were located on pTet family plasmids. Furthermore, three pTet family plasmids formed larger plasmids that incorporated additional genes such as the type IV secretion system. Sequence type 4526 (ST4526; 10.9%), which is reported only in Japan, was the most predominant, suggesting continued prevalence. This study reveals the sequences of the pTet family plasmids harbored by C. jejuni in Japan, which had been unclear, and the acquisition of the insertion sequences in a part of the pTet family plasmids. Because pTet family plasmids can be horizontally transmitted and are a major factor in acquired resistance in Campylobacter, the risk of spreading pTet that has acquired further resistance should be considered. IMPORTANCE Campylobacter jejuni is among the major causes of enteritis and diarrhea in humans in many countries. Drug-resistant Campylobacter is increasing in both developing and developed countries, and in particular, fluoroquinolone-resistant Campylobacter was one of the species included on the priority list of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Campylobacter drug resistance surveillance is important and has been conducted worldwide. In this study, we performed whole-genome analysis of Campylobacter jejuni isolated from diarrhea patients at a hospital in Toyama, Japan. This revealed the continued prevalence of Campylobacter jejuni ST4526, which has been reported to be prevalent in Japan, and the acquisition of resistance and virulence factors in the pTet family plasmids. The diversity of pTet family plasmids, the major resistance transmission factor, is expected to potentially increase the risk of Campylobacter. The usefulness of whole-genome sequencing in Campylobacter surveillance was also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daichi Morita
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiroki Arai
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | | | | | - Takanori Kumagai
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Fumito Maruyama
- Section of Microbial Genomics and Ecology, The IDEC Institute, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Teruo Kuroda
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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47
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Khemnu N, Serichantalergs O, Ruekit S, Lertsethtakarn P, Poly F, Swierczewski BE, Crawford JM. Description of novel capsule biosynthesis loci of Campylobacter jejuni clinical isolates from South and South-East Asia. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0280583. [PMID: 36662748 PMCID: PMC9858101 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is a major cause of bacterial diarrhea worldwide and associated with numerous sequela, including Guillain-Barré Syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, reactive arthritis, and irritable bowel syndrome. C. jejuni is unusual for an intestinal pathogen in its ability to coat its surface with a polysaccharide capsule (CPS). The genes responsible for the biosynthesis of the phase variable CPS is located in the hypervariable region of C. jejuni genome which has been used to develop multiplex PCR to classify CPS types based on the Penner serotypes. However, there still are non-typable CPS C. jejuni by the current multiplex PCR scheme. The application of the next generation sequencing and whole genome analysis software were used for the identification of novel capsule biosynthesis of C. jejuni isolates. Unique PCR primers were designed to identify these new capsule biosynthesis loci. The designed primers sets were combined in a new multiplex mix called epsilon. The unique sequences provide an additional information of the biosynthesis loci responsible for some of the common CPS sugars/residues such as heptose, deoxtyheptose and MeOPN among C. jejuni in this new group of CPS multiplex assay. This new primer complements the current C. jejuni multiplex capsule typing system and will help in identifying previously untypeable capsule locus of C. jejuni isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuanpan Khemnu
- Department of Bacteria and Parasitic Diseases, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (AFRIMS), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Oralak Serichantalergs
- Department of Bacteria and Parasitic Diseases, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (AFRIMS), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sirigade Ruekit
- Department of Bacteria and Parasitic Diseases, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (AFRIMS), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Paphavee Lertsethtakarn
- Department of Bacteria and Parasitic Diseases, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (AFRIMS), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Frédéric Poly
- Enteric Diseases Department, Naval Medical Research Center, San Diego, MD, United States of America
| | - Brett E. Swierczewski
- Department of Bacteria and Parasitic Diseases, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (AFRIMS), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - John M. Crawford
- Department of Bacteria and Parasitic Diseases, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (AFRIMS), Bangkok, Thailand
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48
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Gabbert AD, Mydosh JL, Talukdar PK, Gloss LM, McDermott JE, Cooper KK, Clair GC, Konkel ME. The Missing Pieces: The Role of Secretion Systems in Campylobacter jejuni Virulence. Biomolecules 2023; 13:135. [PMID: 36671522 PMCID: PMC9856085 DOI: 10.3390/biom13010135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is likely the most common bacterial cause of gastroenteritis worldwide, responsible for millions of cases of inflammatory diarrhea characterized by severe abdominal cramps and blood in the stool. Further, C. jejuni infections are associated with post-infection sequelae in developed countries and malnutrition and growth-stunting in low- and middle-income countries. Despite the increasing prevalence of the disease, campylobacteriosis, and the recognition that this pathogen is a serious health threat, our understanding of C. jejuni pathogenesis remains incomplete. In this review, we focus on the Campylobacter secretion systems proposed to contribute to host-cell interactions and survival in the host. Moreover, we have applied a genomics approach to defining the structural and mechanistic features of C. jejuni type III, IV, and VI secretion systems. Special attention is focused on the flagellar type III secretion system and the prediction of putative effectors, given that the proteins exported via this system are essential for host cell invasion and the inflammatory response. We conclude that C. jejuni does not possess a type IV secretion system and relies on the type III and type VI secretion systems to establish a niche and potentiate disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber D. Gabbert
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Veterinary Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Jennifer L. Mydosh
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Prabhat K. Talukdar
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Veterinary Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Lisa M. Gloss
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Veterinary Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Jason E. McDermott
- Integrative Omics, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Kerry K. Cooper
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Geremy C. Clair
- Integrative Omics, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Michael E. Konkel
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Veterinary Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
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49
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McDonald JB, Scott NE, Underwood GJ, Andrews DM, Van TTH, Moore RJ. Characterisation of N-linked protein glycosylation in the bacterial pathogen Campylobacter hepaticus. Sci Rep 2023; 13:227. [PMID: 36604449 PMCID: PMC9816155 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26532-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter hepaticus is an important pathogen which causes Spotty Liver Disease (SLD) in layer chickens. SLD results in an increase in mortality and a significant decrease in egg production and therefore is an important economic concern of the global poultry industry. The human pathogen Campylobacter jejuni encodes an N-linked glycosylation system that plays fundamental roles in host colonization and pathogenicity. While N-linked glycosylation has been extensively studied in C. jejuni and is now known to occur in a range of Campylobacter species, little is known about C. hepaticus glycosylation. In this study glycoproteomic analysis was used to confirm the functionality of the C. hepaticus N-glycosylation system. It was shown that C. hepaticus HV10T modifies > 35 proteins with an N-linked heptasaccharide glycan. C. hepaticus shares highly conserved glycoproteins with C. jejuni that are involved in host colonisation and also possesses unique glycoproteins which may contribute to its ability to survive in challenging host environments. C. hepaticus N-glycosylation may function as an important virulence factor, providing an opportunity to investigate and develop a better understanding the system's role in poultry infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamieson B McDonald
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora West Campus, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Nichollas E Scott
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Greg J Underwood
- Bioproperties Pty Ltd, RMIT University, Bundoora West Campus, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Daniel M Andrews
- Bioproperties Pty Ltd, RMIT University, Bundoora West Campus, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Thi Thu Hao Van
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora West Campus, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Robert J Moore
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora West Campus, Bundoora, VIC, Australia.
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50
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Parker CT, Schiaffino F, Huynh S, Paredes Olortegui M, Peñataro Yori P, Garcia Bardales PF, Pinedo Vasquez T, Curico Huansi GE, Manzanares Villanueva K, Shapiama Lopez WV, Cooper KK, Kosek MN. Shotgun metagenomics of fecal samples from children in Peru reveals frequent complex co-infections with multiple Campylobacter species. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010815. [PMID: 36194603 PMCID: PMC9565744 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter spp. are a major cause of bacterial diarrhea worldwide and are associated with high rates of mortality and linear growth faltering in children living in low- to middle-income countries (LMICs). Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli are most often the causative agents of enteric disease among children in LMICs. However, previous work on a collection of stool samples from children under 2 years of age, living in a low resource community in Peru with either acute diarrheal disease or asymptomatic, were found to be qPCR positive for Campylobacter species but qPCR negative for C. jejuni and C. coli. The goal of this study was to determine if whole-genome shotgun metagenomic sequencing (WSMS) could identify the Campylobacter species within these samples. The Campylobacter species identified in these stool samples included C. jejuni, C. coli, C. upsaliensis, C. concisus, and the potential new species of Campylobacter, "Candidatus Campylobacter infans". Moreover, WSMS results demonstrate that over 65% of the samples represented co-infections with multiple Campylobacter species present in a single stool sample, a novel finding in human populations. Analysis of shotgun metagenomic data obtained from fecal samples of children living in a low resource tropical community of Peru revealed multiple Campylobacter species. Co-infections with more than one Campylobacter species within the same sample was a common finding. A potential new species of Campylobacter was also detected within these samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig T. Parker
- Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Produce Safety and Microbiology Research Unit, Albany, California, United States of America
| | - Francesca Schiaffino
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Steven Huynh
- Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Produce Safety and Microbiology Research Unit, Albany, California, United States of America
| | | | - Pablo Peñataro Yori
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
- Asociacion Benefica Prisma, Iquitos, Peru
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Kerry K. Cooper
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
- * E-mail: (KKC); (MNK)
| | - Margaret N. Kosek
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
- Asociacion Benefica Prisma, Iquitos, Peru
- * E-mail: (KKC); (MNK)
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