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Srivastava R. Physicochemical, antioxidant properties of carotenoids and its optoelectronic and interaction studies with chlorophyll pigments. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18365. [PMID: 34526535 PMCID: PMC8443628 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97747-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The physicochemical and antioxidant properties of seven carotenoids: antheraxanthin, β-carotene, neoxanthin, peridinin, violaxanthin, xanthrophyll and zeaxanthin were studied by theoretical means. Then the Optoelectronic properties and interaction of chlorophyll-carotenoid complexes are analysed by TDDFT and IGMPLOT. Global reactivity descriptors for carotenoids and chlorophyll (Chla, Chlb) are calculated via conceptual density functional theory (CDFT). The higher HOMO-LUMO (HL) gap indicated structural stability of carotenoid, chlorophyll and chlorophyll-carotenoid complexes. The chemical hardness for carotenoids and Chlorophyll is found to be lower in the solvent medium than in the gas phase. Results showed that carotenoids can be used as good reactive nucleophile due to lower µ and ω. As proton affinities (PAs) are much lower than the bond dissociation enthalpies (BDEs), it is anticipated that direct antioxidant activity in these carotenoids is mainly due to the sequential proton loss electron transfer (SPLET) mechanism with dominant solvent effects. Also lower PAs of carotenoid suggest that antioxidant activity by the SPLET mechanism should be a result of a balance between proclivities to transfer protons. Reaction rate constant with Transition-State Theory (TST) were estimated for carotenoid-Chlorophyll complexes in gas phase. Time dependent Density Functional Theory (TDDFT) showed that all the chlorophyll (Chla, Chlb)-carotenoid complexes show absorption wavelength in the visible region. The lower S1-T1 adiabatic energy gap indicated ISC transition from S1 to T1 state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruby Srivastava
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India.
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2
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Camargo FA, Perozeni F, Valbuena GDLC, Zuliani L, Sardar S, Cerullo G, D’Andrea C, Ballottari M. The Role of Acidic Residues in the C Terminal Tail of the LHCSR3 Protein of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii in Non-Photochemical Quenching. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:6895-6900. [PMID: 34279961 PMCID: PMC8327309 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c01382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Light-harvesting complex stress-related (LHCSR) proteins in green algae are essential for photoprotection via a non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), playing the dual roles of pH sensing and dissipation of chlorophylls excited-state energy. pH sensing occurs via a protonation of acidic residues located mainly on its lumen-exposed C-terminus. Here, we combine in vivo and in vitro studies to ascertain the role in NPQ of these protonatable C-terminal residues in LHCSR3 from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. In vivo studies show that four of the residues, D239, D240, E242, and D244, are not involved in NPQ. In vitro experiments on an LHCSR3 chimeric protein, obtained by a substitution of the C terminal with that of another LHC protein lacking acidic residues, show a reduction of NPQ compared to the wild type but preserve the quenching mechanism involving a charge transfer from carotenoids to chlorophylls. NPQ in LHCSR3 is thus a complex mechanism, composed of multiple contributions triggered by different acidic residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franco
V. A. Camargo
- IFN-CNR,
Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Federico Perozeni
- Dipartimento
di Biotecnologie, Università di Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | | | - Luca Zuliani
- Dipartimento
di Biotecnologie, Università di Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Samim Sardar
- Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia, Center for Nano
Science and Technology, via Pascoli 70/3, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Giulio Cerullo
- IFN-CNR,
Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Cosimo D’Andrea
- IFN-CNR,
Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia, Center for Nano
Science and Technology, via Pascoli 70/3, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Matteo Ballottari
- Dipartimento
di Biotecnologie, Università di Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
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3
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Sen S, Mascoli V, Liguori N, Croce R, Visscher L. Understanding the Relation between Structural and Spectral Properties of Light-Harvesting Complex II. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:4313-4322. [PMID: 33979158 PMCID: PMC8165694 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c01467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Light-harvesting complex II (LHCII) is a pigment-protein complex present in higher plants and green algae. LHCII represents the main site of light absorption, and its role is to transfer the excitation energy toward the photosynthetic reaction centers, where primary energy conversion reactions take place. The optical properties of LHCII are known to depend on protein conformation. However, the relation between the structural and spectroscopic properties of the pigments is not fully understood yet. In this respect, previous classical molecular dynamics simulations of LHCII in a model membrane [Sci. Rep. 2015, 5, 1-10] have shown that the configuration and excitonic coupling of a chlorophyll (Chl) dimer functioning as the main terminal emitter of the complex are particularly sensitive to conformational changes. Here, we use quantum chemistry calculations to investigate in greater detail the effect of pigment-pigment interactions on the excited-state landscape. While most previous studies have used a local picture in which electrons are localized on single pigments, here we achieve a more accurate description of the Chl dimer by adopting a supramolecular picture where time-dependent density functional theory is applied to the whole system at once. Our results show that specific dimer configurations characterized by shorter inter-pigment distances can result in a sizable intensity decrease (up to 36%) of the Chl absorption bands in the visible spectral region. Such a decrease can be predicted only when accounting for Chl-Chl charge-transfer excitations, which is possible using the above-mentioned supramolecular approach. The charge-transfer character of the excitations is quantified by two types of analyses: one focusing on the composition of the excitations and the other directly on the observable total absorption intensities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souloke Sen
- Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling, Division of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vincenzo Mascoli
- Biophysics of Photosynthesis, Dep. Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nicoletta Liguori
- Biophysics of Photosynthesis, Dep. Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roberta Croce
- Biophysics of Photosynthesis, Dep. Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lucas Visscher
- Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling, Division of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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4
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Shen S, Wang Y, Dong J, Zhang R, Parikh A, Chen JG, Hu D. Mimicking Thylakoid Membrane with Chlorophyll/TiO 2/Lipid Co-Assembly for Light-Harvesting and Oxygen Releasing. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:11461-11469. [PMID: 33634696 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c21662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing interest in the design and construction of artificial photosythetic materials for solar energy utilization and conversion. Inspired by the structure of thylakoid membrane, we present here a hybrid construct for light-harvesting and oxygen releasing. Our design conjugates chlorophyll to TiO2 in a native-like membrane environment. The natural bilayer structure of lipids is utilized to localize the amphiphilic chlorophyll a and hydrophobic tetrabutyl titanate TBOT in the liposomal membrane during hydration process. The coassembled structure, which mimics the essential organization of the thylakoid membrane, is characterized using a combination of field emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS), Ramam spectra, pressure (π)-area (Α) isotherms, cyclic voltammetry (CV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analysis. Our results demonstrate successful insertation of chlorophyll a in the membrane and confirm the in situ formation of TiO2 nanoshell confined at the lipid bilayer/water interface. We further show that the hybrid liposomes exhibit unambiguous photoactivity in visible light-harvesting and oxygen release, likely resulting from a larger specific surface area of the TiO2 shell, an efficient interfacial conjugation of the chlorophyll molecules with the thin TiO2 layer. The density functional theory (DFT) calculations were in accordance with the eletron injection processes.We expect that the present work will open a new insight into interfacial recombination between light-harvesting pigments and their sensitized photocatalysis, and develop a new kind of artificial photosynthetic materials with zero-cost of environmental degradation and high efficiency for the photocatalytic O2 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shukun Shen
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Yiyun Wang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Jingxuan Dong
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Atul Parikh
- Department of Applied Science, University of California, Davis, CA95616, United States
| | - Jian-Gang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Daodao Hu
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
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5
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Lee D, Jang SY, Kwon S, Lee Y, Park E, Koo H. Optimized Combination of Photodynamic Therapy and Chemotherapy Using Gelatin Nanoparticles Containing Tirapazamine and Pheophorbide a. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:10812-10821. [PMID: 33624503 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c02316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In combination therapy, synergetic effects of drugs and their efficient delivery are essential. Herein, we screened 12 anticancer drugs for combination with photodynamic therapy (PDT) using pheophorbide a (Pba). On the basis of combination index (CI) values in cell viability tests, we selected tirapazamine (TPZ) and developed self-assembled gelatin nanoparticles (NPs) containing both Pba and TPZ. The resulting TPZ-Pba-NPs showed a synergetic effect to kill tumor cells because TPZ was activated under the hypoxic conditions that originated from the PDT with Pba and laser irradiation. After they were injected into tumor-bearing mice via the tail vein, TPZ-Pba-NPs showed 3.17-fold higher blood concentration and 4.12-fold higher accumulation in tumor tissue 3 and 24 h postinjection, respectively. Upon laser irradiation to tumor tissue, TPZ-Pba-NPs successfully suppressed tumor growth by efficient drug delivery and synergetic effects in vivo. These overall results suggest that in vitro screening of drugs based on CI values, mechanism studies in hypoxia, and real-time in vivo imaging are promising strategies in developing NPs for optimized combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghyun Lee
- Department of Medical Life Sciences, Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, and Catholic Photomedicine Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Young Jang
- Department of Medical Life Sciences, Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, and Catholic Photomedicine Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Soonmin Kwon
- Department of Medical Life Sciences, Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, and Catholic Photomedicine Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeeun Lee
- Department of Medical Life Sciences, Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, and Catholic Photomedicine Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunyoung Park
- Department of Medical Life Sciences, Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, and Catholic Photomedicine Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Heebeom Koo
- Department of Medical Life Sciences, Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, and Catholic Photomedicine Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
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6
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Jin X, Zeng Q, Zheng J, Xing D, Zhang T. Aptamer-Functionalized Upconverting Nanoformulations for Light-Switching Cancer-Specific Recognition and In Situ Photodynamic-Chemo Sequential Theranostics. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:9316-9328. [PMID: 33089995 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c14730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Biomarker-activatable theranostic formulations offer the potential for removing specific tumors with a high diagnostic accuracy and a significant pharmacological effect. Herein, we developed a novel activatable theranostic nanoformulation UAS-PD [upconversion nanophosphor (UCNP)-aptamer/ssDNA-pyropheophorbide-a (PPA)-doxyrubicin (DOX)], which can recognize specific cancer cells with sensitivity and trigger the localized photodynamic destruction and enhanced chemotherapy. UAS-PD was constructed by the conjugation of UCNPs and aptamer probes containing the photosensitizer PPA and the chemotherapeutic drug DOX. When cancer cells are present, the UAS-PD specifically binds to PTK7, an overexpressed protein present on the surface of cancer cells, through conformational recombination of the aptamer structure and switches its upconversion luminescence from 655 to 540 nm. This long-lived ratiometric optical signal provides an ultrasensitive detection limit as low as 3.9 nM for PTK7. Changes in the conformation of UAS-PD can also induce PPA to approach UCNPs, which can produce cytotoxic singlet oxygens under near-infrared excitation to destroy the cell membrane and enhance its permeability for the simultaneously released DOX that targets cellular DNA degradation, which results in a highly effective tumor-killing effect by synergistic extra-intracellular sequential damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Jin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, P. R. China
| | - Qin Zeng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, P. R. China
| | - Judun Zheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, P. R. China
| | - Da Xing
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, P. R. China
| | - Tao Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, P. R. China
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Du Y, Mo W, Ma T, Tang W, Tian L, Lin R. A pentatricopeptide repeat protein DUA1 interacts with sigma factor 1 to regulate chloroplast gene expression in Rice. Photosynth Res 2021; 147:131-143. [PMID: 33164144 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-020-00793-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplast gene expression is controlled by both plastid-encoded RNA polymerase (PEP) and nuclear-encoded RNA polymerase and is crucial for chloroplast development and photosynthesis. Environmental factors such as light and temperature can influence transcription in chloroplasts. In this study, we showed that mutation in DUA1, which encodes a pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) protein in rice (Oryza sativa), led to deficiency in chloroplast development and chlorophyll biosynthesis, impaired photosystems, and reduced expression of PEP-dependent transcripts at low temperature especially under low-light conditions. Furthermore, we demonstrated that sigma factor OsSIG1 interacted with DUA1 in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, the levels of chlorophyll and PEP-dependent gene expression were significantly decreased in the Ossig1 mutants at low-temperature and low-light conditions. Our study reveals that the PPR protein DUA1 plays an important role in regulating PEP-mediated chloroplast gene expression through interacting with OsSIG1, thus modulates chloroplast development in response to environmental signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxin Du
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Weiping Mo
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Tingting Ma
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Weijiang Tang
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Lijin Tian
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Rongcheng Lin
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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Parys E, Krupnik T, Kułak I, Kania K, Romanowska E. Photosynthesis of the Cyanidioschyzon merolae cells in blue, red, and white light. Photosynth Res 2021; 147:61-73. [PMID: 33231791 PMCID: PMC7728651 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-020-00796-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthesis and respiration rates, pigment contents, CO2 compensation point, and carbonic anhydrase activity in Cyanidioschizon merolae cultivated in blue, red, and white light were measured. At the same light quality as during the growth, the photosynthesis of cells in blue light was significantly lowered, while under red light only slightly decreased as compared with white control. In white light, the quality of light during growth had no effect on the rate of photosynthesis at low O2 and high CO2 concentration, whereas their atmospheric level caused only slight decrease. Blue light reduced markedly photosynthesis rate of cells grown in white and red light, whereas the effect of red light was not so great. Only cells grown in the blue light showed increased respiration rate following the period of both the darkness and illumination. Cells grown in red light had the greatest amount of chlorophyll a, zeaxanthin, and β-carotene, while those in blue light had more phycocyanin. The dependence on O2 concentration of the CO2 compensation point and the rate of photosynthesis indicate that this alga possessed photorespiration. Differences in the rate of photosynthesis at different light qualities are discussed in relation to the content of pigments and transferred light energy together with the possible influence of related processes. Our data showed that blue and red light regulate photosynthesis in C. merolae for adjusting its metabolism to unfavorable for photosynthesis light conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugeniusz Parys
- Department of Molecular Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Krupnik
- Department of Molecular Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ilona Kułak
- Department of Molecular Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kinga Kania
- Department of Molecular Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Romanowska
- Department of Molecular Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland.
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Virtanen O, Khorobrykh S, Tyystjärvi E. Acclimation of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii to extremely strong light. Photosynth Res 2021; 147:91-106. [PMID: 33280077 PMCID: PMC7728646 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-020-00802-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Most photosynthetic organisms are sensitive to very high light, although acclimation mechanisms enable them to deal with exposure to strong light up to a point. Here we show that cultures of wild-type Chlamydomonas reinhardtii strain cc124, when exposed to photosynthetic photon flux density 3000 μmol m-2 s-1 for a couple of days, are able to suddenly attain the ability to grow and thrive. We compared the phenotypes of control cells and cells acclimated to this extreme light (EL). The results suggest that genetic or epigenetic variation, developing during maintenance of the population in moderate light, contributes to the acclimation capability. EL acclimation was associated with a high carotenoid-to-chlorophyll ratio and slowed down PSII charge recombination reactions, probably by affecting the pre-exponential Arrhenius factor of the rate constant. In agreement with these findings, EL acclimated cells showed only one tenth of the 1O2 level of control cells. In spite of low 1O2 levels, the rate of the damaging reaction of PSII photoinhibition was similar in EL acclimated and control cells. Furthermore, EL acclimation was associated with slow PSII electron transfer to artificial quinone acceptors. The data show that ability to grow and thrive in extremely strong light is not restricted to photoinhibition-resistant organisms such as Chlorella ohadii or to high-light tolerant mutants, but a wild-type strain of a common model microalga has this ability as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olli Virtanen
- Department of Biochemistry/Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, 20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Sergey Khorobrykh
- Department of Biochemistry/Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, 20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Esa Tyystjärvi
- Department of Biochemistry/Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, 20014, Turku, Finland.
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Gitelson A, Solovchenko A, Viña A. Foliar absorption coefficient derived from reflectance spectra: A gauge of the efficiency of in situ light-capture by different pigment groups. J Plant Physiol 2020; 254:153277. [PMID: 32979788 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2020.153277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The absorption of Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR) by different foliar pigments defines the amount of energy available for photosynthesis and also the need for photoprotection. Both characteristics reveal essential information about productivity, development, and stress acclimation of plants. Here we present an approach for the estimation of the efficiency by three foliar pigment groups (chlorophylls, carotenoids, and anthocyanins) at capturing light, via the absorption coefficient derived from leaf reflectance spectra. The absorption coefficient (and hence light capture efficiency) of the pigment is quantitatively related to the ratio of light absorbed by each pigment group over the total amount of light absorbed by the leaf. The proposed approach allows discerning the contribution of pigment groups to the overall light absorption, despite the strong interference by other pigments with overlapping absorption spectra. For photosynthetic pigments, like chlorophylls, this is indicative of the energy captured for photosynthesis and hence of potential plant productivity. For photoprotective pigments, like anthocyanins or secondary carotenoids, it gives information about the spectral ranges where their optical screening works best and their screening capacity. In addition, the approach allows the selection of optimal spectral bands where different pigments operate. Such information improves our understanding of the phenological, physiological and photosynthetic dynamics of plants over space and through time, useful for developing better monitoring and management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatoly Gitelson
- School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA; Israel Institute of Technology (Technion), Haifa, 3200003, Israel.
| | - Alexei Solovchenko
- Departament of Bioengineering, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234, Moscow, Russia; Laboratory of Precision Horticulture Technologies, Michurin Federal Scientific Centre, 393760, Michurinsk, Russia; Institute of Natural Sciences, Derzhavin Tambov State University, 392000, Tambov, Russia
| | - Andrés Viña
- Center for Systems Integration and Sustainability, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI, 48823, USA; Geography Department, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
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Pinto F, Celesti M, Acebron K, Alberti G, Cogliati S, Colombo R, Juszczak R, Matsubara S, Miglietta F, Palombo A, Panigada C, Pignatti S, Rossini M, Sakowska K, Schickling A, Schüttemeyer D, Stróżecki M, Tudoroiu M, Rascher U. Dynamics of sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence and reflectance to detect stress-induced variations in canopy photosynthesis. Plant Cell Environ 2020; 43:1637-1654. [PMID: 32167577 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Passive measurement of sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (F) represents the most promising tool to quantify changes in photosynthetic functioning on a large scale. However, the complex relationship between this signal and other photosynthesis-related processes restricts its interpretation under stress conditions. To address this issue, we conducted a field campaign by combining daily airborne and ground-based measurements of F (normalized to photosynthetically active radiation), reflectance and surface temperature and related the observed changes to stress-induced variations in photosynthesis. A lawn carpet was sprayed with different doses of the herbicide Dicuran. Canopy-level measurements of gross primary productivity indicated dosage-dependent inhibition of photosynthesis by the herbicide. Dosage-dependent changes in normalized F were also detected. After spraying, we first observed a rapid increase in normalized F and in the Photochemical Reflectance Index, possibly due to the blockage of electron transport by Dicuran and the resultant impairment of xanthophyll-mediated non-photochemical quenching. This initial increase was followed by a gradual decrease in both signals, which coincided with a decline in pigment-related reflectance indices. In parallel, we also detected a canopy temperature increase after the treatment. These results demonstrate the potential of using F coupled with relevant reflectance indices to estimate stress-induced changes in canopy photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Pinto
- Institute of Bio and Geosciences, IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Marco Celesti
- Remote Sensing of Environmental Dynamics Laboratory, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences (DISAT), University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Kelvin Acebron
- Institute of Bio and Geosciences, IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Giorgio Alberti
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
- Institute of BioEconomy (IBE), National Research Council (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Sergio Cogliati
- Remote Sensing of Environmental Dynamics Laboratory, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences (DISAT), University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Colombo
- Remote Sensing of Environmental Dynamics Laboratory, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences (DISAT), University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Radosław Juszczak
- Meteorology Department, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Shizue Matsubara
- Institute of Bio and Geosciences, IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Franco Miglietta
- Institute of BioEconomy (IBE), National Research Council (CNR), Rome, Italy
- FoxLab Joint CNR-FEM Initiative, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Angelo Palombo
- Institute of Methodologies for Environmental Analysis (IMAA), National Research Council (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Cinzia Panigada
- Remote Sensing of Environmental Dynamics Laboratory, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences (DISAT), University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Pignatti
- Institute of Methodologies for Environmental Analysis (IMAA), National Research Council (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Micol Rossini
- Remote Sensing of Environmental Dynamics Laboratory, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences (DISAT), University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Karolina Sakowska
- Institute of BioEconomy (IBE), National Research Council (CNR), Rome, Italy
- Sustainable Agro-Ecosystems and Bioresources Department, Research and Innovation Centre-Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige (TN), Italy
- University of Innsbruck, Institute of Ecology, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Anke Schickling
- Institute of Bio and Geosciences, IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | | | - Marcin Stróżecki
- Meteorology Department, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Marin Tudoroiu
- Institute of BioEconomy (IBE), National Research Council (CNR), Rome, Italy
- European Space Agency (ESA), ESTEC, Noordwijk, The Netherlands
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Uwe Rascher
- Institute of Bio and Geosciences, IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
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Xu Y, Yang M, Cheng F, Liu S, Liang Y. Effects of LED photoperiods and light qualities on in vitro growth and chlorophyll fluorescence of Cunninghamia lanceolata. BMC Plant Biol 2020; 20:269. [PMID: 32517650 PMCID: PMC7285490 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02480-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cunninghamia lanceolata (C. lanceolata) is the main fast-growing timber species in southern China. As an alternative to conventional lighting systems, LED has been demonstrated to be an artificial flexible lighting source for commercial micropropagation. The application of LED can provide rapid propagation of C. lanceolata in vitro culture. RESULTS We applied two-factor randomized block design to study the effects of LED photoperiods and light qualities on the growth and chlorophyll fluorescence of C. lanceolata in vitro culture plantlets. In this study, plantlets were exposed to 20 μmol·m- 2·s- 1 irradiance for three photoperiods, 8, 16, and 24 h under the three composite lights, 88.9% red+ 11.1% blue (R/B), 80.0% red+ 10.0% blue+ 10.0% purple (R/B/P), 72.7% red+ 9.1% blue+ 9.1% purple+ 9.1% green (R/B/P/G), as well as white light (12.7% red+ 3.9% blue+ 83.4% green, W) as control. The results showed that: (1) Plant height, dry weight, rooting rate, average root number, length, surface area and volume, chlorophyll, and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were significantly affected by photoperiods, light qualities and their interactions. (2) Plantlets subjected to photoperiod 16 h had longer root, higher height, rooting rate, root number, and the higher levels of chlorophyll, chlorophyll a/b, Y (II), qP, NPQ/4 and ETRII compared to photoperiods 8 h and 24 h, while Fv/Fm during photoperiod 16 h was lower than 8 h and 24 h. Plantlets exposed to R/B/P/G generated more root and presented higher chlorophyll, Fv/Fo, Y (II), qP, and ETRII than W during photoperiods 8 and 16 h. (3) Total chlorophyll content and ETRII were significant correlated with rooting rate, root length and root volume, while Fv/Fm and ETRII were significant correlated with plant height, average root number and root surface area. (4) 16-R/B/P/G is best for growing C. lanceolata plantlets in vitro. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated the effectiveness of photoperiods and light qualities using LEDs for micropropagation of C. lanceolata. The best plantlets were harvested under 16-R/B/P/G treatment. And there was a correlation between the growth and the chlorophyll and chlorophyll fluorescence of their leaves under different photoperiod and light quality. These results can contribute to improve the micropropagation process of this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Xu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004 Guangxi PR China
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083 PR China
| | - Mei Yang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004 Guangxi PR China
| | - Fei Cheng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004 Guangxi PR China
| | - Shinan Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004 Guangxi PR China
| | - Yuyao Liang
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 Fujian PR China
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Balevičius V, Duffy CDP. Excitation quenching in chlorophyll-carotenoid antenna systems: 'coherent' or 'incoherent'. Photosynth Res 2020; 144:301-315. [PMID: 32266612 PMCID: PMC7239839 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-020-00737-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Plants possess an essential ability to rapidly down-regulate light-harvesting in response to high light. This photoprotective process involves the formation of energy-quenching interactions between the chlorophyll and carotenoid pigments within the antenna of Photosystem II (PSII). The nature of these interactions is currently debated, with, among others, 'incoherent' or 'coherent' quenching models (or a combination of the two) suggested by a range of time-resolved spectroscopic measurements. In 'incoherent quenching', energy is transferred from a chlorophyll to a carotenoid and is dissipated due to the intrinsically short excitation lifetime of the latter. 'Coherent quenching' would arise from the quantum mechanical mixing of chlorophyll and carotenoid excited state properties, leading to a reduction in chlorophyll excitation lifetime. The key parameters are the energy gap, [Formula: see text] and the resonance coupling, J, between the two excited states. Coherent quenching will be the dominant process when [Formula: see text] i.e., when the two molecules are resonant, while the quenching will be largely incoherent when [Formula: see text] One would expect quenching to be energetically unfavorable for [Formula: see text] The actual dynamics of quenching lie somewhere between these limiting regimes and have non-trivial dependencies of both J and [Formula: see text] Using the Hierarchical Equation of Motion (HEOM) formalism we present a detailed theoretical examination of these excitation dynamics and their dependence on slow variations in J and [Formula: see text] We first consider an isolated chlorophyll-carotenoid dimer before embedding it within a PSII antenna sub-unit (LHCII). We show that neither energy transfer, nor the mixing of excited state lifetimes represent unique or necessary pathways for quenching and in fact discussing them as distinct quenching mechanisms is misleading. However, we do show that quenching cannot be switched 'on' and 'off' by fine tuning of [Formula: see text] around the resonance point, [Formula: see text] Due to the large reorganization energy of the carotenoid excited state, we find that the presence (or absence) of coherent interactions have almost no impact of the dynamics of quenching. Counter-intuitively significant quenching is present even when the carotenoid excited state lies above that of the chlorophyll. We also show that, above a rather small threshold value of [Formula: see text]quenching becomes less and less sensitive to J (since in the window [Formula: see text] the overall lifetime is independent of it). The requirement for quenching appear to be only that [Formula: see text] Although the coherent/incoherent character of the quenching can vary, the overall kinetics are likely robust with respect to fluctuations in J and [Formula: see text] This may be the basis for previous observations of NPQ with both coherent and incoherent features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vytautas Balevičius
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Christopher D P Duffy
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK.
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14
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Aubry S, Fankhauser N, Ovinnikov S, Pružinská A, Stirnemann M, Zienkiewicz K, Herrfurth C, Feussner I, Hörtensteiner S. Pheophorbide a May Regulate Jasmonate Signaling during Dark-Induced Senescence. Plant Physiol 2020; 182:776-791. [PMID: 31753845 PMCID: PMC6997679 DOI: 10.1104/pp.19.01115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Chlorophyll degradation is one of the most visible signs of leaf senescence. During senescence, chlorophyll is degraded in the multistep pheophorbide a oxygenase (PAO)/phyllobilin pathway. This pathway is tightly regulated at the transcriptional level, allowing coordinated and efficient remobilization of nitrogen toward sink organs. Using a combination of transcriptome and metabolite analyses during dark-induced senescence of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutants deficient in key steps of the PAO/phyllobilin pathway, we show an unanticipated role for one of the pathway intermediates, i.e. pheophorbide a Both jasmonic acid-related gene expression and jasmonic acid precursors specifically accumulated in pao1, a mutant deficient in PAO. We propose that pheophorbide a, the last intact porphyrin intermediate of chlorophyll degradation and a unique pathway "bottleneck," has been recruited as a signaling molecule of chloroplast metabolic status. Our work challenges the assumption that chlorophyll breakdown is merely a result of senescence, and proposes that the flux of pheophorbide a through the pathway acts in a feed-forward loop that remodels the nuclear transcriptome and controls the pace of chlorophyll degradation in senescing leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Aubry
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zürich, 8008 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Niklaus Fankhauser
- Department for Clinical Research, Clinical Trials Unit, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Serguei Ovinnikov
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zürich, 8008 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Adriana Pružinská
- The Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009
| | - Marina Stirnemann
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zürich, 8008 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Krzysztof Zienkiewicz
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Göttingen Metabolomics and Lipidomics Laboratory, Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Cornelia Herrfurth
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Göttingen Metabolomics and Lipidomics Laboratory, Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ivo Feussner
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Göttingen Metabolomics and Lipidomics Laboratory, Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Hörtensteiner
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zürich, 8008 Zürich, Switzerland
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15
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Kono M, Kawaguchi H, Mizusawa N, Yamori W, Suzuki Y, Terashima I. Far-Red Light Accelerates Photosynthesis in the Low-Light Phases of Fluctuating Light. Plant Cell Physiol 2020; 61:192-202. [PMID: 31617558 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcz191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that far-red light (FR; >700 nm) drives PSI photochemistry, but its effect on photosynthetic performance has received little attention. In this study, the effects of the addition of FR to red fluctuating light (FL) have on photosynthesis were examined in the leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana. Light-activated leaves were illuminated with FL [alternating high light/low light (HL/LL) at 800/30 μmol m-2 s-1] for 10-15 min without or with FR at intensities that reflected natural conditions. The CO2 assimilation rates upon the transition from HL to LL were significantly greater with FR than without FR. The enhancement of photosynthesis by FR was small under the steady-state conditions and in the HL phases of FL. Proton conductivity through the thylakoid membrane (gH+) in the LL phases of FL, estimated from the dark relaxation kinetics of the electrochromic absorbance shift, was greater with FR than without FR. The relaxation of non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) in the PSII antenna system and the increase in PSII photochemistry in the LL phases accelerated in the presence of FR. Similar FR-effects in FL were confirmed in typical sun and shade plants. On the basis of these results, we concluded that FR exerted beneficial effects on photosynthesis in FL by exciting PSI and accelerating NPQ relaxation and PSII-yield increase. This was probably because of the increased gH+, which would reflect faster ΔpH dissipation and ATP synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Kono
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033 Japan
| | - Hikaru Kawaguchi
- Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, 2946 Tsuchiya, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa, 259-1293 Japan
| | - Naoki Mizusawa
- Department of Frontier Bioscience, Hosei University, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8584 Japan
- Research Center for Micro-Nano Technology, Hosei University, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-0003 Japan
| | - Wataru Yamori
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033 Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Suzuki
- Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, 2946 Tsuchiya, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa, 259-1293 Japan
| | - Ichiro Terashima
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033 Japan
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16
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Kono M, Kawaguchi H, Mizusawa N, Yamori W, Suzuki Y, Terashima I. Far-Red Light Accelerates Photosynthesis in the Low-Light Phases of Fluctuating Light. Plant Cell Physiol 2020; 61:1-2. [PMID: 31617558 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcz211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that far-red light (FR; >700 nm) drives PSI photochemistry, but its effect on photosynthetic performance has received little attention. In this study, the effects of the addition of FR to red fluctuating light (FL) have on photosynthesis were examined in the leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana. Light-activated leaves were illuminated with FL [alternating high light/low light (HL/LL) at 800/30 μmol m-2 s-1] for 10-15 min without or with FR at intensities that reflected natural conditions. The CO2 assimilation rates upon the transition from HL to LL were significantly greater with FR than without FR. The enhancement of photosynthesis by FR was small under the steady-state conditions and in the HL phases of FL. Proton conductivity through the thylakoid membrane (gH+) in the LL phases of FL, estimated from the dark relaxation kinetics of the electrochromic absorbance shift, was greater with FR than without FR. The relaxation of non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) in the PSII antenna system and the increase in PSII photochemistry in the LL phases accelerated in the presence of FR. Similar FR-effects in FL were confirmed in typical sun and shade plants. On the basis of these results, we concluded that FR exerted beneficial effects on photosynthesis in FL by exciting PSI and accelerating NPQ relaxation and PSII-yield increase. This was probably because of the increased gH+, which would reflect faster ΔpH dissipation and ATP synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Kono
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033 Japan
| | - Hikaru Kawaguchi
- Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, 2946 Tsuchiya, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa, 259-1293 Japan
| | - Naoki Mizusawa
- Department of Frontier Bioscience, Hosei University, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8584 Japan
- Research Center for Micro-Nano Technology, Hosei University, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-0003 Japan
| | - Wataru Yamori
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033 Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Suzuki
- Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, 2946 Tsuchiya, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa, 259-1293 Japan
| | - Ichiro Terashima
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033 Japan
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17
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Moya I, Loayza H, López ML, Quiroz R, Ounis A, Goulas Y. Canopy chlorophyll fluorescence applied to stress detection using an easy-to-build micro-lidar. Photosynth Res 2019; 142:1-15. [PMID: 31129867 PMCID: PMC6763511 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-019-00642-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
LEDFLEX is a micro-lidar dedicated to the measurement of vegetation fluorescence. The light source consists of 4 blue Light-Emitting Diodes (LED) to illuminate part of the canopy in order to average the spatial variability of small crops. The fluorescence emitted in response to a 5-μs width pulse is separated from the ambient light through a synchronized detection. Both the reflectance and the fluorescence of the target are acquired simultaneously in exactly the same field of view, as well as the photosynthetic active radiation and air temperature. The footprint is about 1 m2 at a distance of 8 m. By increasing the number of LEDs longer ranges can be reached. The micro-lidar has been successfully applied under full sunlight conditions to establish the signature of water stress on pea (Pisum Sativum) canopy. Under well-watered conditions the diurnal cycle presents an M shape with a minimum (Fmin) at noon which is Fmin > Fo. After several days withholding watering, Fs decreases and Fmin < Fo. The same patterns were observed on mint (Menta Spicata) and sweet potatoes (Ipomoea batatas) canopies. Active fluorescence measurements with LEDFLEX produced robust fluorescence yield data as a result of the constancy of the excitation intensity and its geometry fixity. Passive methods based on Sun-Induced chlorophyll Fluorescence (SIF) that uses high-resolution spectrometers generate only flux data and are dependent on both the 3D structure of vegetation and variable irradiance conditions along the day. Parallel measurements with LEDFLEX should greatly improve the interpretation of SIF changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismael Moya
- LMD/IPSL, CNRS, ENS, Ecole Polytechnique, Sorbonne Université, 91128, Palaiseau, France.
| | - Hildo Loayza
- International Potato Center (CIP), P.O. Box 1558, Lima 12, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Roberto Quiroz
- Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza (CATIE) Headquarters. Cartago, 30501, Turrialba, Costa Rica
| | - Abderrahmane Ounis
- LMD/IPSL, CNRS, ENS, Ecole Polytechnique, Sorbonne Université, 91128, Palaiseau, France
| | - Yves Goulas
- LMD/IPSL, CNRS, ENS, Ecole Polytechnique, Sorbonne Université, 91128, Palaiseau, France
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18
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Abstract
The influence of six different light regimes throughout the photosynthetically active radiation range (from 400 to 700 nm, including blue, green, yellow, red-orange, red, and white) at two intensities (100 and 300 µmol photons m-2 s-1) on pigmentation was assessed for the centric marine diatom Coscinodiscus granii for the first time. Chlorophyll (Chl) a and fucoxanthin were the dominating pigments in all treatments. The cellular concentrations of light harvesting pigment (Chl a, Chl c1 + c2, and fucoxanthin) were higher at 100 than at 300 µmol photons m-2 s-1 at all wavelengths, with the largest increases at red and blue light. The normalized concentrations of photoprotective pigments (violaxanthin, zeaxanthin, diadinoxanthin, and diatoxanthin) were higher at high light intensity than in cells grown at low light intensity. An increase in β-carotene in low light conditions is expected as the increased Chl a was related to increased photosynthetic subunits which require β-carotene (bound to photosystem core). At 300 µmol photons m-2 s-1, yellow light resulted in significantly lower concentration of most of the detected pigments than the other wavelengths. At 100 µmol photons m-2 s-1, W and B light led to statistically lower and higher concentration of most of the detected pigments than the other wavelengths, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Su
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
- Carlsberg Research Laboratory, Bjerregaardsvej 5, 2500, Valby, Denmark.
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19
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Erdei AL, Kósa A, Böddi B. Distinct UV-A or UV-B irradiation induces protochlorophyllide photoreduction and bleaching in dark-grown pea (Pisum sativum L.) epicotyls. Photosynth Res 2019; 140:93-102. [PMID: 30225812 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-018-0584-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The effects of distinct UV-A and UV-B radiations were studied on etiolated pea (Pisum sativum L.) epicotyls. Emission spectra of the native protochlorophyll and protochlorophyllide forms were measured when epicotyls were excited with 360 or 300 nm light. The UV-A (360 nm) excited mainly the non-enzyme-bound monomers of protochlorophyll and protochlorophyllide and the UV-B (300 nm) excited preferentially the flash-photoactive protochlorophyllide complexes. These latter complexes converted into short- and long-wavelength chlorophyllide forms at 10-s illumination with both wavelength irradiations. As the spectral changes were very small, the effects of longer illumination periods were studied. Room temperature fluorescence emission spectra were measured from the same epicotyl spots before and after irradiation with various wavelengths between 280 and 360 nm for 15 min and the "illuminated" minus "dark" difference spectra were calculated. Both the UV-A and the UV-B irradiations caused photoreduction of protochlorophyllide into chlorophyllide. At 10 µmol photons m-2 s-1, the photoreduction rates were similar, however, at 60 µmol photons m-2 s-1, the UV-B irradiation was more effective in inducing chlorophyllide formation than the UV-A. The action spectra of protochlorophyllide plus protochlorophyll loss and chlorophyllide production showed that the radiation around 290 nm was the most effective in provoking protochlorophyllide photoreduction and the UV light above 320 nm caused strong bleaching. These results show that the effect of the UV radiation should be considered when discussing the protochlorophyllide-chlorophyllide photoreduction during germination and as a part of the regeneration of the photosynthetic apparatus proceeding in the daily run of photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Laura Erdei
- Department of Plant Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány P. s. 1/c, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
- Department of Zoology, Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Annamária Kósa
- Department of Plant Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány P. s. 1/c, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - Béla Böddi
- Department of Plant Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány P. s. 1/c, Budapest, 1117, Hungary.
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Phinney NH, Gauslaa Y, Solhaug KA. Why chartreuse? The pigment vulpinic acid screens blue light in the lichen Letharia vulpina. Planta 2019; 249:709-718. [PMID: 30374913 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-018-3034-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Chlorophyll fluorescence, infrared gas exchange and photoinhibition data consistently show that vulpinic acid in L. vulpina functions as a strong blue light screening compound. The cortical lichen compounds, parietin, atranorin, usnic acid and melanins are known to screen photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), thereby protecting the underlying photobionts. The role of the toxic UV-/blue light-absorbing vulpinic acid in lichen cortices is poorly documented. By comparing controls with acetone-rinsed Letharia vulpina thalli (75% reduced vulpinic acid concentration), we aimed to test PAR screening by vulpinic acid. We exposed such thalli to blue, green and red irradiance, respectively, and recorded light quality-specific light saturation curves of CO2 uptake, quantum yields of CO2 uptake (QYCO2) and effective quantum yields of PSII (ΦPSII). We also quantified light quality-dependent photoinhibition after 4-h exposure to 400 µmol photons m-2 s-1. In controls, the greatest high light-induced reductions in CO2 uptake and ΦPSII, as well as the strongest photoinhibition [lowered maximal quantum yield of PSII (Fv/Fm)], occurred in red light, followed by green, and was low in blue light. Removal of vulpinic acid significantly exacerbated photoinhibition, reduced ΦPSII, and increased QYCO2 in blue light. By contrast, acetone rinsing had no or weak effects in green and red lights. Comparing control with acetone-rinsed thalli, blue light screening was estimated at 69% using ΦPSII data and 49% using QYCO2. To compensate for the 25% residual vulpinic acid left after rinsing, we repeated the screening estimation by comparing responses in blue and red lights. This resulted in 88% screening using ΦPSII data and 77% using QYCO2. The consistent responses in all photosynthetic parameters support the hypothesis that vulpinic acid functions as a blue light screen in L. vulpina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan H Phinney
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, 1432, Ås, Norway.
| | - Yngvar Gauslaa
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, 1432, Ås, Norway
| | - Knut Asbjørn Solhaug
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, 1432, Ås, Norway
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21
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Abstract
Chlorophylls (Chl) are important pigments in plants that are used to absorb photons and release electrons. There are several types of Chls but terrestrial plants only possess two of these: Chls a and b. The two pigments form light-harvesting Chl a/b-binding protein complexes (LHC), which absorb most of the light. The peak wavelengths of the absorption spectra of Chls a and b differ by c. 20 nm, and the ratio between them (the a/b ratio) is an important determinant of the light absorption efficiency of photosynthesis (i.e., the antenna size). Here, we investigated why Chl b is used in LHCs rather than other light-absorbing pigments that can be used for photosynthesis by considering the solar radiation spectrum under field conditions. We found that direct and diffuse solar radiation (PARdir and PARdiff, respectively) have different spectral distributions, showing maximum spectral photon flux densities (SPFD) at c. 680 and 460 nm, respectively, during the daytime. The spectral absorbance spectra of Chls a and b functioned complementary to each other, and the absorbance peaks of Chl b were nested within those of Chl a. The absorption peak in the short wavelength region of Chl b in the proteinaceous environment occurred at c. 460 nm, making it suitable for absorbing the PARdiff, but not suitable for avoiding the high spectral irradiance (SIR) waveband of PARdir. In contrast, Chl a effectively avoided the high SPFD and/or high SIR waveband. The absorption spectra of photosynthetic complexes were negatively correlated with SPFD spectra, but LHCs with low a/b ratios were more positively correlated with SIR spectra. These findings indicate that the spectra of the photosynthetic pigments and constructed photosystems and antenna proteins significantly align with the terrestrial solar spectra to allow the safe and efficient use of solar radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Kume
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan.
| | - Tomoko Akitsu
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8572, Japan
| | - Kenlo Nishida Nasahara
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8572, Japan
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22
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Li X, Xiao J, He B, Altaf Arain M, Beringer J, Desai AR, Emmel C, Hollinger DY, Krasnova A, Mammarella I, Noe SM, Ortiz PS, Rey-Sanchez AC, Rocha AV, Varlagin A. Solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence is strongly correlated with terrestrial photosynthesis for a wide variety of biomes: First global analysis based on OCO-2 and flux tower observations. Glob Chang Biol 2018; 24:3990-4008. [PMID: 29733483 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) has been increasingly used as a proxy for terrestrial gross primary productivity (GPP). Previous work mainly evaluated the relationship between satellite-observed SIF and gridded GPP products both based on coarse spatial resolutions. Finer resolution SIF (1.3 km × 2.25 km) measured from the Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) provides the first opportunity to examine the SIF-GPP relationship at the ecosystem scale using flux tower GPP data. However, it remains unclear how strong the relationship is for each biome and whether a robust, universal relationship exists across a variety of biomes. Here we conducted the first global analysis of the relationship between OCO-2 SIF and tower GPP for a total of 64 flux sites across the globe encompassing eight major biomes. OCO-2 SIF showed strong correlations with tower GPP at both midday and daily timescales, with the strongest relationship observed for daily SIF at the 757 nm (R2 = 0.72, p < 0.0001). Strong linear relationships between SIF and GPP were consistently found for all biomes (R2 = 0.57-0.79, p < 0.0001) except evergreen broadleaf forests (R2 = 0.16, p < 0.05) at the daily timescale. A higher slope was found for C4 grasslands and croplands than for C3 ecosystems. The generally consistent slope of the relationship among biomes suggests a nearly universal rather than biome-specific SIF-GPP relationship, and this finding is an important distinction and simplification compared to previous results. SIF was mainly driven by absorbed photosynthetically active radiation and was also influenced by environmental stresses (temperature and water stresses) that determine photosynthetic light use efficiency. OCO-2 SIF generally had a better performance for predicting GPP than satellite-derived vegetation indices and a light use efficiency model. The universal SIF-GPP relationship can potentially lead to more accurate GPP estimates regionally or globally. Our findings revealed the remarkable ability of finer resolution SIF observations from OCO-2 and other new or future missions (e.g., TROPOMI, FLEX) for estimating terrestrial photosynthesis across a wide variety of biomes and identified their potential and limitations for ecosystem functioning and carbon cycle studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Li
- Earth Systems Research Center, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire
- School of Resources and Environment, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingfeng Xiao
- Earth Systems Research Center, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire
| | - Binbin He
- School of Resources and Environment, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Center for Information Geoscience, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - M Altaf Arain
- McMaster Centre for Climate Change and School of Geography and Earth Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Jason Beringer
- The UWA school of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Ankur R Desai
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Carmen Emmel
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - David Y Hollinger
- Northern Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Durham, New Hampshire
| | - Alisa Krasnova
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ivan Mammarella
- Faculty of Science, Institute for Atmosphere and Earth System Research/Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Steffen M Noe
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Penélope Serrano Ortiz
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación del Sistema Tierra en Andalucía (IISTA-CEAMA), Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - A Camilo Rey-Sanchez
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Geodetic Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Adrian V Rocha
- Department of Biological Sciences and the Environmental Change Initiative, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana
| | - Andrej Varlagin
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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23
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Nichelmann L, Bilger W. Quantification of light screening by anthocyanins in leaves of Berberis thunbergii. Planta 2017; 246:1069-1082. [PMID: 28801823 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-017-2752-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Up to 40% of incident light was screened in red Berberis leaves in vivo by anthocyanins, resulting also in up to 40% reduction of light-limited photosynthesis. The biological function of anthocyanins in leaves has been strongly discussed, but the hypothesis of a screening function is favored by most authors. For an evaluation of the function as photoprotective pigments, a quantification of their screening of the mesophyll is important. Here, chlorophyll fluorescence excitation of leaves of a red and a green variety of Berberis thunbergii was used to estimate the extent of screening by anthocyanins at 545 nm and over the whole photosynthetically active wavelength range. Growth at high light (430 µmol m-2 s-1) resulted in 90% screening at 545 nm corresponding to 40-50% screening over the whole wavelength range, depending on the light source. The concomitant reduction of photosynthetic quantum yield was of the same size as the calculated reduction of light reaching the chloroplasts. The induction of anthocyanins in the red variety also enhanced the epoxidation state of the violaxanthin cycle under growth conditions, indicating that red leaves were suffering less from excessive irradiance. Pool sizes of violaxanthin cycle carotenoids indicated a shade acclimation of the light harvesting complexes in red leaves. The observed reduction of internal light in anthocyanic leaves has by necessity a photoprotective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Nichelmann
- Botanical Institute, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Olshausenstraße 40, 24098, Kiel, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Bilger
- Botanical Institute, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Olshausenstraße 40, 24098, Kiel, Germany.
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24
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Fang L, Ge H, Huang X, Liu Y, Lu M, Wang J, Chen W, Xu W, Wang Y. Trophic Mode-Dependent Proteomic Analysis Reveals Functional Significance of Light-Independent Chlorophyll Synthesis in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Mol Plant 2017; 10:73-85. [PMID: 27585879 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2016.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The photosynthetic model organism Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 can grow in different trophic modes, depending on the availability of light and exogenous organic carbon source. However, how the protein profile changes to facilitate the cells differentially propagate in different modes has not been comprehensively investigated. Using isobaric labeling-based quantitative proteomics, we simultaneously identified and quantified 45% Synechocystis proteome across four different trophic modes, i.e., autotrophic, heterotrophic, photoheterotrophic, and mixotrophic modes. Among the 155 proteins that are differentially expressed across four trophic modes, proteins involved in nitrogen assimilation and light-independent chlorophyll synthesis are dramatically upregulated in the mixotrophic mode, concomitant with a dramatic increase of PII phosphorylation that senses carbon and nitrogen assimilation status. Moreover, functional study using a mutant defective in light-independent chlorophyll synthesis revealed that this pathway is important for chlorophyll accumulation under a cycled light/dark illumination regime, a condition mimicking day/night cycles in certain natural habitats. Collectively, these results provide the most comprehensive information on trophic mode-dependent protein expression in cyanobacterium, and reveal the functional significance of light-independent chlorophyll synthesis in trophic growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longfa Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1 West Beichen Road, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Haitao Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1 West Beichen Road, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiahe Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1 West Beichen Road, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Ye Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1 West Beichen Road, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Min Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1 West Beichen Road, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jinlong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1 West Beichen Road, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Weiyang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1 West Beichen Road, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Wu Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA 70504, USA
| | - Yingchun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1 West Beichen Road, Beijing 100101, China.
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25
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Dębski H, Szwed M, Wiczkowski W, Szawara-Nowak D, Bączek N, Horbowicz M. UV-B radiation increases anthocyanin levels in cotyledons and inhibits the growth of common buckwheat seedlings. Acta Biol Hung 2016; 67:403-411. [PMID: 28000505 DOI: 10.1556/018.67.2016.4.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The impact of short-term UV-B treatment on the content of individual flavonoids and photosynthetic pigments in cotyledons and the growth of common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) seedlings was investigated. Seeds of four common buckwheat cultivars were germinated in darkness over a period of 4 days and acclimatized for 2 days under a 16/8 h light/dark photoperiod at 24/18 °C day/night, and exposure to 100-120 μmol ∙ m-2 ∙ s-1 of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). Seedlings were divided into three batches, including two batches subjected to different doses of UV-B (5 W ∙ m-2 and 10 W ∙ m-2, one hour per day) for 5 days, and a control group exposed to PAR only. Exposure to UV-B increased anthocyanin levels in the cotyledons of all examined cultivars, it inhibited hypocotyl elongation, but did not affect the content of photosynthetic pigments. Flavone concentrations increased in cv. Red Corolla and Kora, remained constant in cv. Panda and decreased in cv. Hruszowska. Exposure to UV-B decreased rutin levels in cv. Hruszowska, but not in the remaining cultivars. Cultivars Hruszowska, Panda and Kora appeared to be less resistant to UV-B than Red Corolla. Higher resistance to UV-B radiation in Red Corolla can probably be attributed to its higher content of anthocyanins and rutin in comparison with the remaining cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henryk Dębski
- Department of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities , 08-110 Siedlce, Prusa 12 , Poland
| | - Magdalena Szwed
- Department of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities , 08-110 Siedlce, Prusa 12 , Poland
| | - WiesŁaw Wiczkowski
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biodynamics, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences , Tuwima 10, 10-747 Olsztyn , Poland
| | - Dorota Szawara-Nowak
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biodynamics, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences , Tuwima 10, 10-747 Olsztyn , Poland
| | - Natalia Bączek
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biodynamics, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences , Tuwima 10, 10-747 Olsztyn , Poland
| | - Marcin Horbowicz
- Department of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities , 08-110 Siedlce, Prusa 12 , Poland
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26
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Slattery RA, Grennan AK, Sivaguru M, Sozzani R, Ort DR. Light sheet microscopy reveals more gradual light attenuation in light-green versus dark-green soybean leaves. J Exp Bot 2016; 67:4697-709. [PMID: 27329746 PMCID: PMC4973739 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Light wavelengths preferentially absorbed by chlorophyll (chl) often display steep absorption gradients. This over-saturates photosynthesis in upper chloroplasts and deprives lower chloroplasts of blue and red light. Reducing chl content could create a more even leaf light distribution and thereby increase leaf light-use efficiency and overall canopy photosynthesis. This was tested on soybean cultivar 'Clark' (WT) and a near-isogenic chl b deficient mutant, Y11y11, grown in controlled environment chambers and in the field. Light attenuation was quantified using a novel approach involving light sheet microscopy. Leaf adaxial and abaxial surfaces were illuminated separately with blue, red, and green wavelengths, and chl fluorescence was detected orthogonally to the illumination plane. Relative fluorescence was significantly greater in deeper layers of the Y11y11 mesophyll than in WT, with the greatest differences in blue, then red, and finally green light when illuminated from the adaxial surface. Modeled relative photosynthesis based on chlorophyll profiles and Beer's Law predicted less steep gradients in mutant relative photosynthesis rates compared to WT. Although photosynthetic light-use efficiency was greater in the field-grown mutant with ~50% lower chl, light-use efficiency was lower in the mutant when grown in chambers where chl was ~80% reduced. This difference is probably due to pleiotropic effects of the mutation that accompany very severe reductions in chlorophyll and may warrant further testing in other low-chl lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A Slattery
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1206 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL 61801, USA Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1206 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Aleel K Grennan
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1206 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Mayandi Sivaguru
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1206 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Rosangela Sozzani
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, 2115 Gardner Hall, Box 7612, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Donald R Ort
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1206 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL 61801, USA Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1206 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL 61801, USA Global Change and Photosynthesis Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, 1206 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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Ouzounis T, Fretté X, Ottosen CO, Rosenqvist E. Spectral effects of LEDs on chlorophyll fluorescence and pigmentation in Phalaenopsis 'Vivien' and 'Purple Star'. Physiol Plant 2015; 154:314-27. [PMID: 25302638 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Revised: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 10/05/2014] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
We examined the effect of light emitting diode (LED) lighting in greenhouse facilities on growth, chlorophyll fluorescence and pigmentation in Phalaenopsis 'Vivien' and 'Purple Star' under purpose-built LED arrays yielding c. 200 µmol m(-2) s(-1) at plant height for 14 h per day and 24/18°C day/night temperature, respectively, from January to April 2013. The light treatments were (1) 40% blue in 60% red (40% B/R), (2) 0% blue in 100% red (0% B/R) and (3) white LEDs with 32% blue in white (32% B/W, control), with background daylight under shade screens. The plants were harvested twice for leaf growth and pigmentation. There was no clear pattern in the spectral effect on growth since the order of leaf size differed between harvests in March and April. Fv /Fm was in the range of 0.52-0.72, but overall slightly higher in the control, which indicated a permanent downregulation of PSII in the colored treatments. The fluorescence quenching showed no acclimation to color in 'Purple Star', while 'Vivien' had lower ETR and higher NPQ in the 40% B/R, resembling low light acclimation. The pigmentation showed corresponding spectral response with increasing concentration of lutein while increasing the fraction of blue light, which increased the light absorption in the green/yellow part of the spectrum. The permanent downregulation of PSII moved a substantial part of the thermal dissipation from the light regulated NPQ to non-regulated energy losses estimated by ΦNPQ and ΦNO and the difference found in the balance between ΦPSII and ΦNPQ in 'Vivien' disappeared when ΦNO was included in the thermal dissipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theoharis Ouzounis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology, and Environmental Technology, University of Southern Denmark, Niels Bohrs Allé 1, DK-5230, Odense, Denmark
| | - Xavier Fretté
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology, and Environmental Technology, University of Southern Denmark, Niels Bohrs Allé 1, DK-5230, Odense, Denmark
| | - Carl-Otto Ottosen
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, Kirstinebjergvej 10, DK-5792, Aarslev, Denmark
| | - Eva Rosenqvist
- Plant and Environmental Sciences, Selection for Crop Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Hoejbakkegaard Allé 9, DK-2630, Taastrup, Denmark
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28
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Vidović M, Morina F, Milić S, Zechmann B, Albert A, Winkler JB, Veljović Jovanović S. Ultraviolet-B component of sunlight stimulates photosynthesis and flavonoid accumulation in variegated Plectranthus coleoides leaves depending on background light. Plant Cell Environ 2015; 38:968-79. [PMID: 25311561 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2013] [Revised: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
We used variegated Plectranthus coleoides as a model plant with the aim of clarifying whether the effects of realistic ultraviolet-B (UV-B) doses on phenolic metabolism in leaves are mediated by photosynthesis. Plants were exposed to UV-B radiation (0.90 W m(-2) ) combined with two photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) intensities [395 and 1350 μmol m(-2) s(-1) , low light (LL) and high light (HL)] for 9 d in sun simulators. Our study indicates that UV-B component of sunlight stimulates CO2 assimilation and stomatal conductance, depending on background light. UV-B-specific induction of apigenin and cyanidin glycosides was observed in both green and white tissues. However, all the other phenolic subclasses were up to four times more abundant in green leaf tissue. Caffeic and rosmarinic acids, catechin and epicatechin, which are endogenous peroxidase substrates, were depleted at HL in green tissue. This was correlated with increased peroxidase and ascorbate peroxidase activities and increased ascorbate content. The UV-B supplement to HL attenuated antioxidative metabolism and partly recovered the phenolic pool indicating stimulation of the phenylpropanoid pathway. In summary, we propose that ortho-dihydroxy phenolics are involved in antioxidative defence in chlorophyllous tissue upon light excess, while apigenin and cyanidin in white tissue have preferentially UV-screening function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Vidović
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
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29
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Rastogi RP, Incharoensakdi A, Madamwar D. Responses of a rice-field cyanobacterium Anabaena siamensis TISTR-8012 upon exposure to PAR and UV radiation. J Plant Physiol 2014; 171:1545-1553. [PMID: 25128787 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2014.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Revised: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The effects of PAR and UV radiation and subsequent responses of certain antioxidant enzymatic and non-enzymatic defense systems were studied in a rice field cyanobacterium Anabaena siamensis TISTR 8012. UV radiation resulted in a decline in growth accompanied by a decrease in chlorophyll a and photosynthetic efficiency. Exposure of cells to UV radiation significantly affected the differentiation of vegetative cells into heterocysts or akinetes. UV-B radiation caused the fragmentation of the cyanobacterial filaments conceivably due to the observed oxidative stress. A significant increase of reactive oxygen species in vivo and DNA strand breaks were observed in UV-B exposed cells followed by those under UV-A and PAR radiation, respectively. The UV-induced oxidative damage was alleviated due to an induction of antioxidant enzymatic/non-enzymatic defense systems. In response to UV irradiation, the studied cyanobacterium exhibited a significant increase in antioxidative enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase. Moreover, the cyanobacterium also synthesized some UV-absorbing/screening substances. HPLC coupled with a PDA detector revealed the presence of three compounds with UV-absorption maxima at 326, 331 and 345 nm. The induction of the biosynthesis of these UV-absorbing compounds was found under both PAR and UV radiation, thus suggesting their possible function as an active photoprotectant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh P Rastogi
- Laboratory of Cyanobacterial Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; BRD School of Biosciences, Sardar Patel University, Vadtal Road, Satellite Campus, Post Box No. 39, Vallabh Vidyanagar 388 120, Anand, Gujarat, India.
| | - Aran Incharoensakdi
- Laboratory of Cyanobacterial Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
| | - Datta Madamwar
- BRD School of Biosciences, Sardar Patel University, Vadtal Road, Satellite Campus, Post Box No. 39, Vallabh Vidyanagar 388 120, Anand, Gujarat, India.
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30
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Xu D, Wu Y, Li Y, Howard A, Jiang X, Guan Y, Gao Y. Influence of UV radiation on chlorophyll, and antioxidant enzymes of wetland plants in different types of constructed wetland. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2014; 21:10108-10119. [PMID: 24788860 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-2909-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A surface- and vertical subsurface-flow-constructed wetland were designed to study the response of chlorophyll and antioxidant enzymes to elevated UV radiation in three types of wetland plants (Canna indica, Phragmites austrail, and Typha augustifolia). Results showed that (1) chlorophyll content of C. indica, P. austrail, and T. augustifolia in the constructed wetland was significantly lower where UV radiation was increased by 10 and 20 % above ambient solar level than in treatment with ambient solar UV radiation (p < 0.05). (2) The malondialdehyde (MDA) content, guaiacol peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) activities of wetland plants increased with elevated UV radiation intensity. (3) The increased rate of MDA, SOD, POD, and CAT activities of C. indica, P. australis, and T. angustifolia by elevated UV radiation of 10 % was higher in vertical subsurface-flow-constructed wetland than in surface-flow-constructed wetland. The sensitivity of MDA, SOD, POD, and CAT activities of C. indica, P. austrail, and T. augustifolia to the elevated UV radiation was lower in surface-flow-constructed wetland than in the vertical subsurface-flow-constructed wetland, which was related to a reduction in UV radiation intensity through the dissolved organic carbon and suspended matter in the water. C. indica had the highest SOD and POD activities, which implied it is more sensitive to enhanced UV radiation. Therefore, different wetland plants had different antioxidant enzymes by elevated UV radiation, which were more sensitive in vertical subsurface-flow-constructed wetland than in surface-flow-constructed wetland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Defu Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China,
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Li T, Heuvelink E, Dueck TA, Janse J, Gort G, Marcelis LFM. Enhancement of crop photosynthesis by diffuse light: quantifying the contributing factors. Ann Bot 2014; 114:145-56. [PMID: 24782436 PMCID: PMC4071095 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcu071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Plants use diffuse light more efficiently than direct light. However, experimental comparisons between diffuse and direct light have been obscured by co-occurring differences in environmental conditions (e.g. light intensity). This study aims to analyse the factors that contribute to an increase in crop photosynthesis in diffuse light and to quantify their relative contribution under different levels of diffuseness at similar light intensities. The hypothesis is that the enhancement of crop photosynthesis in diffuse light results not only from the direct effects of more uniform vertical and horizontal light distribution in the crop canopy, but also from crop physiological and morphological acclimation. METHODS Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) crops were grown in three greenhouse compartments that were covered by glass with different degrees of light diffuseness (0, 45 and 71 % of the direct light being converted into diffuse light) while maintaining similar light transmission. Measurements of horizontal and vertical photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) distribution in the crop, leaf photosynthesis light response curves and leaf area index (LAI) were used to quantify each factor's contribution to an increase in crop photosynthesis in diffuse light. In addition, leaf temperature, photoinhibition, and leaf biochemical and anatomical properties were studied. KEY RESULTS The highest degree of light diffuseness (71 %) increased the calculated crop photosynthesis by 7·2 %. This effect was mainly attributed to a more uniform horizontal (33 % of the total effect) and vertical PPFD distribution (21 %) in the crop. In addition, plants acclimated to the high level of diffuseness by gaining a higher photosynthetic capacity of leaves in the middle of the crop and a higher LAI, which contributed 23 and 13 %, respectively, to the total increase in crop photosynthesis in diffuse light. Moreover, diffuse light resulted in lower leaf temperatures and less photoinhibition at the top of the canopy when global irradiance was high. CONCLUSIONS Diffuse light enhanced crop photosynthesis. A more uniform horizontal PPFD distribution played the most important role in this enhancement, and a more uniform vertical PPFD distribution and higher leaf photosynthetic capacity contributed more to the enhancement of crop photosynthesis than did higher values of LAI.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Li
- Horticultural Supply Chains, Wageningen University, PO Box 630, 6700AP Wageningen, The Netherlands Wageningen UR Greenhouse Horticulture, PO Box 644, 6700AP Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - E Heuvelink
- Horticultural Supply Chains, Wageningen University, PO Box 630, 6700AP Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - T A Dueck
- Wageningen UR Greenhouse Horticulture, PO Box 644, 6700AP Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - J Janse
- Wageningen UR Greenhouse Horticulture, PO Box 644, 6700AP Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - G Gort
- Biometris, Wageningen University and Research Centre, 6700AC Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - L F M Marcelis
- Horticultural Supply Chains, Wageningen University, PO Box 630, 6700AP Wageningen, The Netherlands Wageningen UR Greenhouse Horticulture, PO Box 644, 6700AP Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Van Wittenberghe S, Alonso L, Verrelst J, Hermans I, Valcke R, Veroustraete F, Moreno J, Samson R. A field study on solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence and pigment parameters along a vertical canopy gradient of four tree species in an urban environment. Sci Total Environ 2014; 466-467:185-194. [PMID: 23895782 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Revised: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
To better understand the potential uses of vegetation indices based on the sun-induced upward and downward chlorophyll fluorescence at leaf and at canopy scales, a field study was carried out in the city of Valencia (Spain). Fluorescence yield (FY) indices were derived for trees at different traffic intensity locations and at three canopy heights. This allowed investigating within-tree and between-tree variations of FY indices for four tree species. Several FY indices showed a significant (p < 0.05) and important effect of tree location for the species Morus alba (white mulberry) and Phoenix canariensis (Canary Island date palm). The upward FY parameters of M. alba, and the upward to downward ratios at 687 and 741 nm for both species, were significantly related to tree location. It was found that not the total chlorophyll (Chl) content, but rather the Chl a/b ratio showed the strongest correlations with several of the indices applied. Chl a/b was lowest at the bottom level of the highest traffic intensity location for both species due to an increased Chl b, indicating a larger light harvesting complex related to Photosystem II (LHCII) as a response to limiting light. The leaf deposits from traffic observed at this sampling location possibly led to a shading effect, resulting further in an adaptive response of the photosynthetic system and subsequent difference of FY indices. This study therefore indicated the importance of the size of LHCII on the fluorescence emission, observed under different traffic generated pollution conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shari Van Wittenberghe
- Department of Bioscience Engineering, Faculty of Sciences, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium.
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Evseeva TI, Maĭstrenko TA, Geras'kin SA. [An assessment of relative contribution of DNA reparation and glutathione-dependent pathway of detoxification in response of Chlorella algae to uranium]. Radiats Biol Radioecol 2013; 53:236-245. [PMID: 24450205 DOI: 10.7868/s0869803113020033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Toxicity of 238U (as uranyl nitrate) in the range of 0.04-84 micromol/L for Chlorella (Chlorella vulgaris Beijerink) was investigated. The best approximation for relationship between the toxic effect in Chlorella and 238U Concentrations is observed using the hormetic Brain-Cousens model. A significant increase in Chlorella biomass, estimated as the optical density of suspension, as well as the level of fluorescence of chlorophyll was observed in the range of 17-29 micromol/L with the maximum at a 23 micromol/L. It was found that 38 micromol/L of 238U induced a significant toxic effect; while at 53 micromol/L inhibition of Chlorella biomass by 50% was observed. According to our observations, the toxic effect of low concentrations of 238U was increased in the presence of 0.02 micromol/L caffeine (used as inhibitor of DNA repair processes) or DL-buthionine-(S, R)-sulfoximine (used as a selective inhibitor of the key glutathione biosynthetic pathway).
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Hui R, Li X, Chen C, Zhao X, Jia R, Liu L, Wei Y. Responses of photosynthetic properties and chloroplast ultrastructure of Bryum argenteum from a desert biological soil crust to elevated ultraviolet-B radiation. Physiol Plant 2013; 147:489-501. [PMID: 22901234 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3054.2012.01679.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2012] [Revised: 05/24/2012] [Accepted: 06/18/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Our understanding of plant responses to enhanced ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation has improved over recent decades. However, research on cryptogams is scarce and it remains controversial whether UV-B radiation causes changes in physiology related to photosynthesis. To investigate the effects of supplementary UV-B radiation on photosynthesis and chloroplast ultrastructure in Bryum argenteum Hedw., specimens were cultured for 10 days under four UV-B treatments (2.75, 3.08, 3.25 and 3.41 W m(-2) ), simulating depletion of 0% (control), 6%, 9% and 12% of stratospheric ozone at the latitude of Shapotou, a temperate desert area of northwest China. Analyses showed malondialdehyde content significantly increased, whereas chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence parameters and Chl contents decreased with increased UV-B intensity. These results corresponded with changes in thylakoid protein complexes and chloroplast ultrastructure. Overall, enhanced UV-B radiation leads to significant decreases in photosynthetic function and serious destruction of the chloroplast ultrastructure of B. argenteum. The degree of negative influences increased with the intensity of UV-B radiation. These results may not only provide a potential mechanism for supplemental UV-B effects on photosynthesis of moss crust, but also establish a theoretical basis for further studies of adaptation and response mechanisms of desert ecosystems under future ozone depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Hui
- Shapotou Desert Research and Experiment Station, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, P. R. China
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Schreiber U, Klughammer C. Wavelength-dependent photodamage to Chlorella investigated with a new type of multi-color PAM chlorophyll fluorometer. Photosynth Res 2013; 114:165-177. [PMID: 23408255 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-013-9801-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2012] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A new type of multi-color PAM chlorophyll fluorometer (Schreiber et al. 2012) was applied for measurements of photodamage to photosystem II (PS II) in optically thin suspensions of Chlorella (200 μg Chl l(-1)) in the presence of 1 mM lincomycin. An action spectrum of the relative decrease of F(v)/F(m) in the 440-625 nm range was measured, which not only showed the expected high activity in the blue, but at a lower level also substantial activity above 540 nm. With the same dilute suspension, a PS II absorption spectrum was derived via measurements of the O-I(1) rise kinetics induced by differently colored strong light at defined incident quantum flux densities. After normalization of the two spectra at 625 nm, the relative extent of photodamage at 440-480 nm proved substantially higher than absorption by PS II, whereas the two spectra were close to identical in the 540-625 nm range. Hence, overall photodamage to PS II appears to consist of two components, one of which is due to light absorbed by PS II pigments, whereas the other one is likely to involve direct light absorption by Mn in the oxygen-evolving complex (Hakala et al. Biochim Biophys Acta 1706:68-80, 2005). Based on this rationale, an action spectrum of the Mn mechanism of photodamage was deconvoluted from the overall action spectrum, declining steeply above 480 nm. An almost identical Mn-spectrum was derived by another approach with the PAR of the various colors being adjusted to give identical rates of PS II turnover, PAR (II). The tentative, basic assumption of negligibly small contribution of the Mn mechanism to photodamage above 540 nm was supported by supplementary measurements using an external 665 nm lamp. 665 nm not only gave about two times PS II turnover as compared to 625 nm, but also about two times photodamage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Schreiber
- Julius-von-Sachs Institut für Biowissenschaften, Universität Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs Platz 2, 97082 Würzburg, Germany.
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Sakata S, Mizusawa N, Kubota-Kawai H, Sakurai I, Wada H. Psb28 is involved in recovery of photosystem II at high temperature in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Biochim Biophys Acta 2012; 1827:50-9. [PMID: 23084968 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2012.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2012] [Revised: 10/05/2012] [Accepted: 10/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Psb28 is an extrinsic protein of photosystem II (PSII), which is conserved among photosynthetic organisms from cyanobacteria to higher plants. A unicellular cyanobacterium, Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, has two homologs of Psb28, Psb28-1 and Psb28-2. However, the role of these proteins remains poorly understood. In this study, we disrupted the psb28-1 (sll1398) and psb28-2 (slr1739) genes in wild-type Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 and examined their photosynthetic properties to elucidate the physiological role of Psb28 in photosynthesis. We also disrupted the psb28-1 gene in a dgdA mutant defective in the biosynthesis of digalactosyldiacylglycerol, in which Psb28-1 significantly accumulates in PSII. The disruption of the psb28-1 gene in the wild-type resulted in growth retardation under high-light conditions at high temperatures with a low rate of restoration of photodamaged photosynthetic machinery. Similar phenomena were observed at normal growth temperatures in the psb28-1/dgdA double mutant. In contrast, disruption of psb28-2 in the wild-type and dgdA mutant did not affect host strain phenotype, suggesting that Psb28-2 does not contribute to the recovery of PSII. In addition, protein analysis using strains expressing His-tagged Psb28-1 revealed that Psb28-1 is mainly associated with the CP43-less PSII monomer. In the dgdA mutant, the CP43-less PSII monomer accumulated to a greater extent than in the wild-type, and its accumulation caused greater accumulation of Psb28-1 in PSII. These results demonstrate that Psb28-1 plays an important role in PSII repair through association with the CP43-less monomer, particularly at high temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Sakata
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
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Davis PA, Hangarter RP. Chloroplast movement provides photoprotection to plants by redistributing PSII damage within leaves. Photosynth Res 2012; 112:153-61. [PMID: 22695784 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-012-9755-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2012] [Accepted: 05/30/2012] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Plants use light to fix carbon through the process of photosynthesis but light also causes photoinhibition, by damaging photosystem II (PSII). Plants can usually adjust their rate of PSII repair to equal the rate of damage, but under stress conditions or supersaturating light-intensities damage may exceed the rate of repair. Light-induced chloroplast movements are one of the many mechanisms plants have evolved to minimize photoinhibition. We found that chloroplast movements achieve a measure of photoprotection to PSII by altering the distribution of photoinhibition through depth in leaves. When chloroplasts are in the low-light accumulation arrangement a greater proportion of PSII damage occurs near the illuminated surface than for leaves where the chloroplasts are in the high-light avoidance arrangement. According to our findings chloroplast movements can increase the overall efficiency of leaf photosynthesis in at least two ways. The movements alter light profiles within leaves to maximize photosynthetic output and at the same time redistribute PSII damage throughout the leaf to reduce the amount of inhibition received by individual chloroplasts and prevent a decrease in photosynthetic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip A Davis
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
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Anand A, Nagarajan S, Verma APS, Joshi DK, Pathak PC, Bhardwaj J. Pre-treatment of seeds with static magnetic field ameliorates soil water stress in seedlings of maize (Zea mays L.). Indian J Biochem Biophys 2012; 49:63-70. [PMID: 22435146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The effect of magnetic field (MF) treatments of maize (Zea mays L.) var. Ganga Safed 2 seeds on the growth, leaf water status, photosynthesis and antioxidant enzyme system under soil water stress was investigated under greenhouse conditions. The seeds were exposed to static MFs of 100 and 200 mT for 2 and 1 h, respectively. The treated seeds were sown in sand beds for seven days and transplanted in pots that were maintained at -0.03, -0.2 and -0.4 MPa soil water potentials under greenhouse conditions. MF exposure of seeds significantly enhanced all growth parameters, compared to the control seedlings. The significant increase in root parameters in seedlings from magnetically-exposed seeds resulted in maintenance of better leaf water status in terms of increase in leaf water potential, turgor potential and relative water content. Photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and chlorophyll content increased in plants from treated seeds, compared to control under irrigated and mild stress condition. Leaves from plants of magnetically-treated seeds showed decreased levels of hydrogen peroxide and antioxidant defense system enzymes (peroxidases, catalase and superoxide dismutase) under moisture stress conditions, when compared with untreated controls. Mild stress of -0.2 MPa induced a stimulating effect on functional root parameters, especially in 200 mT treated seedlings which can be exploited profitably for rain fed conditions. Our results suggested that MF treatment (100 mT for 2 h and 200 for 1 h) of maize seeds enhanced the seedling growth, leaf water status, photosynthesis rate and lowered the antioxidant defense system of seedlings under soil water stress. Thus, pre sowing static magnetic field treatment of seeds can be effectively used for improving growth under water stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Anand
- Division of Plant Physiology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India.
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Dodonova SO, Bulychev AA. Cyclosis-related asymmetry of chloroplast-plasma membrane interactions at the margins of illuminated area in Chara corallina cells. Protoplasma 2011; 248:737-749. [PMID: 21103897 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-010-0241-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2010] [Accepted: 11/03/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Cytoplasmic streaming in plant cells is an effective means of intracellular transport. The cycling of ions and metabolites between the cytosol and chloroplasts in illuminated cell regions may alter the cytoplasm composition, while directional flow of this modified cytoplasm may affect the plasma membrane and chloroplast activities in cell regions residing downstream of the illumination area. The impact of local illumination is predicted to be asymmetric because the cell regions located downstream and upstream in the cytoplasmic flow with respect to illumination area would be exposed to flowing cytoplasm whose solute composition was influenced by photosynthetic or dark metabolism. This hypothesis was checked by measuring H(+)-transporting activity of plasmalemma and chlorophyll fluorescence of chloroplasts in shaded regions of Chara corallina internodal cells near opposite borders of illuminated region (white light, beam width 2 mm). Both the apoplastic pH and chlorophyll fluorescence, recorded in shade regions at equal distances from illuminated area, exhibited asymmetric light-on responses depending on orientation of cytoplasmic streaming at the light-shade boundary. In the region where the cytoplasm flowed from illuminated area to the measurement area, the alkaline zone (a zone with high plasma membrane conductance) was formed within 4-min illumination, whereas no alkaline zone was observed in the area where cytoplasm approached the boundary from darkened regions. The results emphasize significance of cyclosis in lateral distribution of a functionally active intermediate capable of affecting the membrane transport across the plasmalemma, the functional activity of chloroplasts, and pattern formation in the plant cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana O Dodonova
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
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Petroutsos D, Busch A, Janßen I, Trompelt K, Bergner SV, Weinl S, Holtkamp M, Karst U, Kudla J, Hippler M. The chloroplast calcium sensor CAS is required for photoacclimation in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Plant Cell 2011; 23:2950-63. [PMID: 21856795 PMCID: PMC3180803 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.111.087973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2011] [Revised: 07/12/2011] [Accepted: 08/01/2011] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The plant-specific calcium binding protein CAS (calcium sensor) has been localized in chloroplast thylakoid membranes of vascular plants and green algae. To elucidate the function of CAS in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, we generated and analyzed eight independent CAS knockdown C. reinhardtii lines (cas-kd). Upon transfer to high-light (HL) growth conditions, cas-kd lines were unable to properly induce the expression of LHCSR3 protein that is crucial for nonphotochemical quenching. Prolonged exposure to HL revealed a severe light sensitivity of cas-kd lines and caused diminished activity and recovery of photosystem II (PSII). Remarkably, the induction of LHCSR3, the growth of cas-kd lines under HL, and the performance of PSII were fully rescued by increasing the calcium concentration in the growth media. Moreover, perturbing cellular Ca(2+) homeostasis by application of the calmodulin antagonist W7 or the G-protein activator mastoparan impaired the induction of LHCSR3 expression in a concentration-dependent manner. Our findings demonstrate that CAS and Ca(2+) are critically involved in the regulation of the HL response and particularly in the control of LHCSR3 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitris Petroutsos
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, 48143 Muenster, Germany
| | - Andreas Busch
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, 48143 Muenster, Germany
| | - Ingrid Janßen
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, 48143 Muenster, Germany
| | - Kerstin Trompelt
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, 48143 Muenster, Germany
| | - Sonja Verena Bergner
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, 48143 Muenster, Germany
| | - Stefan Weinl
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, 48143 Muenster, Germany
| | - Michael Holtkamp
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Uwe Karst
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Jörg Kudla
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, 48143 Muenster, Germany
| | - Michael Hippler
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, 48143 Muenster, Germany
- Address correspondence to
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Joshi P, Gartia S, Pradhan MK, Biswal B. Photosynthetic response of clusterbean chloroplasts to UV-B radiation: energy imbalance and loss in redox homeostasis between Q(A) and Q(B) of photosystem II. Plant Sci 2011; 181:90-5. [PMID: 21683872 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2011.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2010] [Revised: 03/05/2011] [Accepted: 04/03/2011] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The effects of ultraviolet-B (UV-B: 280-320 nm) radiation on the photosynthetic pigments, primary photochemical reactions of thylakoids and the rate of carbon assimilation (P(n)) in the cotyledons of clusterbean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba) seedlings have been examined. The radiation induces an imbalance between the energy absorbed through the photophysical process of photosystem (PS) II and the energy consumed for carbon assimilation. Decline in the primary photochemistry of PS II induced by UV-B in the background of relatively stable P(n), has been implicated in the creation of the energy imbalance(.) The radiation induced damage of PS II hinders the flow of electron from Q(A) to Q(B) resulting in a loss in the redox homeostasis between the Q(A) to Q(B) leading to an accumulation of Q(A)(-). The accumulation of Q(A)(-) generates an excitation pressure that diminishes the PS II-mediated O(2) evolution, maximal photochemical potential (F(v)/F(m)) and PS II quantum yield (Φ(PS II)). While UV-B radiation inactivates the carotenoid-mediated protective mechanisms, the accumulation of flavonoids seems to have a small role in protecting the photosynthetic apparatus from UV-B onslaught. The failure of protective mechanisms makes PS II further vulnerable to the radiation and facilitates the accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA) indicating the involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism in UV-B-induced damage of photosynthetic apparatus of clusterbean cotyledons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padmanava Joshi
- Laboratory of Biophysics and Biochemistry, Anchal College, Padampur, Rajborasambar, Bargarh, 768036 Orissa, India.
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Batista-Santos P, Lidon FC, Fortunato A, Leitão AE, Lopes E, Partelli F, Ribeiro AI, Ramalho JC. The impact of cold on photosynthesis in genotypes of Coffea spp.--photosystem sensitivity, photoprotective mechanisms and gene expression. J Plant Physiol 2011; 168:792-806. [PMID: 21247660 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2010.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2010] [Revised: 11/03/2010] [Accepted: 11/04/2010] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Environmental constraints disturb plant metabolism and are often associated with photosynthetic impairments and yield reductions. Among them, low positive temperatures are of up most importance in tropical plant species, namely in Coffea spp. in which some acclimation ability has been reported. To further explain cold tolerance, the impacts on photosynthetic functioning and the expression of photosynthetic-related genes were analyzed. The experiments were carried out along a period of slow cold imposition (to allow acclimation), after chilling (4°C) exposure and in the following rewarming period, using 1.5-year-old coffee seedlings of 5 genotypes with different cold sensitivity: Coffea canephora cv. Apoatã, Coffea arabica cv. Catuaí, Coffea dewevrei and 2 hybrids, Icatu (C. arabica×C. canephora) and Piatã (C. dewevrei×C. arabica). All genotypes suffered a significant leaf area loss only after chilling exposure, with Icatu showing the lowest impact, a first indication of a higher cold tolerance, contrasting with Apoatã and C. dewevrei. During cold exposure, net photosynthesis and Chl a fluorescence parameters were strongly affected in all genotypes, but stomatal limitations were not detected. However, the extent of mesophyll limitation, reflecting regulatory mechanisms and/or damage, was genotype dependent. Overnight retention of zeaxanthin was common to Coffea genotypes, but the accumulation of photoprotective pigments was highest in Icatu. That down-regulated photochemical events but efficiently protected the photosynthetic structures, as shown, e.g., by the lowest impacts on A(max) and PSI activity and the strongest reinforcement of PSII activity, the latter possibly reflecting the presence of a photoprotective cycle around PSII in Icatu (and Catuaí). Concomitant to these protection mechanisms, Icatu was the sole genotype to present simultaneous upregulation of caCP22, caPI and caCytf, related to, respectively, PSII, PSI and to the complex Cytb(6)/f, which could promote better repair ability, contributing to the maintenance of efficient thylakoid functioning. We conclude that Icatu showed the best acclimation ability among the studied genotypes, mostly due to a better upregulation of photoprotection and repair mechanisms. We confirmed the presence of important variability in Coffea spp. that could be exploited in breeding programs, which should be assisted by useful markers of cold tolerance, namely the upregulation of antioxidative molecules, the expression of selected genes and PSI sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Batista-Santos
- Centro de Ecofisiologia, Bioquímica e Biotecnologia Vegetal/Inst. Inv. Científica Tropical, Quinta do Marquês, 2784-505 Oeiras, Portugal
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Cheminant S, Wild M, Bouvier F, Pelletier S, Renou JP, Erhardt M, Hayes S, Terry MJ, Genschik P, Achard P. DELLAs regulate chlorophyll and carotenoid biosynthesis to prevent photooxidative damage during seedling deetiolation in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell 2011; 23:1849-60. [PMID: 21571951 PMCID: PMC3123943 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.111.085233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2011] [Revised: 03/14/2011] [Accepted: 04/28/2011] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In plants, light represents an important environmental signal that triggers the production of photosynthetically active chloroplasts. This developmental switch is critical for plant survival because chlorophyll precursors that accumulate in darkness can be extremely destructive when illuminated. Thus, plants have evolved mechanisms to adaptively control plastid development during the transition into light. Here, we report that the gibberellin (GA)-regulated DELLA proteins play a crucial role in the formation of functional chloroplasts during deetiolation. We show that Arabidopsis thaliana DELLAs accumulating in etiolated cotyledons derepress chlorophyll and carotenoid biosynthetic pathways in the dark by repressing the transcriptional activity of the phytochrome-interacting factor proteins. Accordingly, dark-grown GA-deficient ga1-3 mutants (that accumulate DELLAs) display a similar gene expression pattern to wild-type seedlings grown in the light. Consistent with this, ga1-3 seedlings accumulate higher amounts of protochlorophyllide (a phototoxic chlorophyll precursor) in darkness but, surprisingly, are substantially more resistant to photooxidative damage following transfer into light. This is due to the DELLA-dependent upregulation of the photoprotective enzyme protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase (POR) in the dark. Our results emphasize the role of DELLAs in regulating the levels of POR, protochlorophyllide, and carotenoids in the dark and in protecting etiolated seedlings against photooxidative damage during initial light exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soizic Cheminant
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Unité Propre de Recherche 2357, Conventionné avec l’Université de Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Michael Wild
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Unité Propre de Recherche 2357, Conventionné avec l’Université de Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Florence Bouvier
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Unité Propre de Recherche 2357, Conventionné avec l’Université de Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Sandra Pelletier
- Unité de Recherche en Génomique Végétale, 91057 Evry Cedex, France
| | | | - Mathieu Erhardt
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Unité Propre de Recherche 2357, Conventionné avec l’Université de Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Scott Hayes
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew J. Terry
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Pascal Genschik
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Unité Propre de Recherche 2357, Conventionné avec l’Université de Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Patrick Achard
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Unité Propre de Recherche 2357, Conventionné avec l’Université de Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France
- Address correspondence to
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Serôdio J, Lavaud J. A model for describing the light response of the nonphotochemical quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence. Photosynth Res 2011; 108:61-76. [PMID: 21516348 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-011-9654-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2010] [Accepted: 04/04/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The operation of photosynthetic energy-dissipating processes is commonly characterized by measuring the light response of the nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) of chlorophyll fluorescence, or NPQ versus E curves. This study proposes a mathematical model for the quantitative description of the generic NPQ versus E curve. The model is an adaptation of the Hill equation and is based on the close dependence of NPQ on the xanthophyll cycle (XC). The model was tested on NPQ versus E curves measured in the plant Arabidopsis thaliana and the diatom Nitzschia palea, representing the two main types of XC, the violaxanthin-antheraxanthin-zeaxanthin (VAZ) type and the diadinoxanthin-diatoxanthin (DD-DT) type, respectively. The model was also fitted to a large number of published light curves, covering the widest possible range of XC types, taxa, growth conditions, and experimental protocol of curve generation. The model provided a very good fit to experimental and published data, coping with the large variability in curve characteristics. The model was further used to quantitatively compare the light responses of NPQ and of PSII electron transport rate, ETR, through the use of indices combining parameters of the models describing the two types of light-response curves. Their application to experimental and published data showed a systematic large delay of the buildup of NPQ relatively to the saturation of photochemistry. It was found that when ETR reaches saturation, NPQ is on average still below one fifth of its maximum attainable level, which is only reached at irradiances about three times higher. It was also found that organisms having the DD-DT type of XC appeared to be able to start operating the XC at lower irradiances than those of the VAZ type.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Serôdio
- Departamento de Biologia and CESAM-Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
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Santa-Cruz DM, Pacienza NA, Polizio AH, Balestrasse KB, Tomaro ML, Yannarelli GG. Nitric oxide synthase-like dependent NO production enhances heme oxygenase up-regulation in ultraviolet-B-irradiated soybean plants. Phytochemistry 2010; 71:1700-7. [PMID: 20708206 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2010.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2010] [Revised: 05/11/2010] [Accepted: 07/20/2010] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Heme oxygenase (HO) has antioxidant properties and is up-regulated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) in ultraviolet-B-irradiated soybean plants. This study shows that nitric oxide (NO) protects against oxidative damage and that nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-like activity is also required for HO-1 induction under UV-B radiation. Pre-treatments with sodium nitroprussiate (SNP), a NO-donor, prevented chlorophyll loss, H(2)O(2) and O(2)(*-) accumulation, and ion leakage in UV-B-treated plants. HO activity was significantly enhanced by NO and showed a positive correlation with HO-1 transcript levels. In fact, HO-1 mRNA levels were increased 2.1-fold in 0.8 mM SNP-treated plants, whereas subsequent UV-B irradiation augmented this expression up to 3.5-fold with respect to controls. This response was not observed using ferrocyanide, a SNP inactive analog, and was effectively blocked by 2-(4-carboxyphenil)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (cPTIO), a specific NO-scavenger. In addition, experiments carried out in the presence of N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) or tungsten, well-known inhibitors of NOS and nitrate reductase, showed that NOS is the endogenous source of NO that mediates HO-1 expression. In summary, we found that NO is involved in the signaling pathway leading to HO-1 up-regulation under UV-B, and that a balance between NO and ROS is important to trigger the antioxidant response against oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego M Santa-Cruz
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Roqueiro G, Facorro GB, Huarte MG, Rubín de Celis E, García F, Maldonado S, Maroder H. Effects of photooxidation on membrane integrity in Salix nigra seeds. Ann Bot 2010; 105:1027-34. [PMID: 20338949 PMCID: PMC2876010 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcq067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Salix nigra seeds are desiccation-tolerant, as are orthodox seeds, although in contrast to other orthodox seeds they lose viability in a few weeks at room temperature. They also differ in that the chloroplasts of the embryo tissues conserve their chlorophyll and endomembranes. The aim of this paper was to investigate the role of chlorophyll in seed deterioration. METHODS Seeds were aged at different light intensities and atmospheric conditions. Mean germination time and normal and total germination were evaluated. The formation of free radicals was assessed using electronic spin resonance spectroscopy, and changes in the fatty acid composition from phospholipids, galactolipids and triglycerides using gas-liquid chromatography. Membrane integrity was studied with electronic spin resonance spin probe techniques, electrolyte leakage and transmission electron microscopy. KEY RESULTS Light and oxygen played an important role in free-radical generation, causing a decrease in normal germination and an increase in mean germination time. Both indices were associated with a decrease in polyunsaturated fatty acids derived from membrane lipids as phospholipids and galactolipids. The detection of damage in thylakoid membranes and an increase in plasmalemma permeability were consistent with the decrease in both types of lipids. Triglycerides remained unchanged. Light-induced damage began in outermost tissues and spread inwards, decreasing normal germination. CONCLUSIONS Salix nigra seeds were very susceptible to photooxidation. The thylakoid membranes appeared to be the first target of the photooxidative process since there were large decreases in galactolipids and both these lipids and the activated chlorophyll are contiguous in the structure of that membrane. Changes in normal germination and mean germination time could be explained by the deteriorative effects of oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Roqueiro
- Instituto de Recursos Biológicos, INTA-Castelar, B1712WAA Hurlingham, Argentina
| | - Graciela B. Facorro
- Cátedra de Física, Departamento de Fisicomatemática, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1113AAD Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mónica G. Huarte
- Cátedra de Física, Departamento de Fisicomatemática, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1113AAD Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Emilio Rubín de Celis
- Cátedra de Física, Departamento de Fisicomatemática, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1113AAD Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fernando García
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata (INIBIOLP). CONICET-UNLP, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Sara Maldonado
- Instituto de Recursos Biológicos, INTA-Castelar, B1712WAA Hurlingham, Argentina
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1428EGA Buenos Aires, Argentina
- For correspondence. E-mail
| | - Horacio Maroder
- Instituto de Recursos Biológicos, INTA-Castelar, B1712WAA Hurlingham, Argentina
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de Luján, 6700 Luján, Argentina
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Vakulenko OV, Grigor'eva OO, Datsenko AI. [Luminescent control of the functional condition of Vallisneria spiralis L. treated by microwave irradiation]. Radiats Biol Radioecol 2010; 50:211-216. [PMID: 20464970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The influence of microwave emission on the Vallisneria spiralis L. photoluminescence (PL) is studied. It is found that the irradiation leads to degradation of all the luminescence spectrum bands. It is shown that the influence on the chlorophyll PL at 715-735 and 800 nm is not limited by accompanied temperature effect. The degradation of PL has a temperature threshold at the thermal treatment. The 725 nm luminescence band of chlorophyll is shifted to short waves at both the irradiation and thermal treatment. The shift dependence from the irradiation dose and temperature is non-monotonous.
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Panneton B, Guillaume S, Roger JM, Samson G. Improved discrimination between monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants for weed control based on the blue-green region of ultraviolet-induced fluorescence spectra. Appl Spectrosc 2010; 64:30-36. [PMID: 20132595 DOI: 10.1366/000370210790572106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Precision weeding by spot spraying in real time requires sensors to discriminate between weeds and crop without contact. Among the optical based solutions, the ultraviolet (UV) induced fluorescence of the plants appears as a promising alternative. In a first paper, the feasibility of discriminating between corn hybrids, monocotyledonous, and dicotyledonous weeds was demonstrated on the basis of the complete spectra. Some considerations about the different sources of fluorescence oriented the focus to the blue-green fluorescence (BGF) part, ignoring the chlorophyll fluorescence that is inherently more variable in time. This paper investigates the potential of performing weed/crop discrimination on the basis of several large spectral bands in the BGF area. A partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was performed on a set of 1908 spectra of corn and weed plants over 3 years and various growing conditions. The discrimination between monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants based on the blue-green fluorescence yielded robust models (classification error between 1.3 and 4.6% for between-year validation). On the basis of the analysis of the PLS-DA model, two large bands were chosen in the blue-green fluorescence zone (400-425 nm and 425-490 nm). A linear discriminant analysis based on the signal from these two bands also provided very robust inter-year results (classification error from 1.5% to 5.2%). The same selection process was applied to discriminate between monocotyledonous weeds and maize but yielded no robust models (up to 50% inter-year error). Further work will be required to solve this problem and provide a complete UV fluorescence based sensor for weed-maize discrimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Panneton
- Horticultural R&D Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, St-Jean-sur-Richelieu, QC, Canada, J3B 3E6.
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Miyake C, Amako K, Shiraishi N, Sugimoto T. Acclimation of tobacco leaves to high light intensity drives the plastoquinone oxidation system--relationship among the fraction of open PSII centers, non-photochemical quenching of Chl fluorescence and the maximum quantum yield of PSII in the dark. Plant Cell Physiol 2009; 50:730-43. [PMID: 19251745 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcp032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
Responses of the reduction-oxidation level of plastoquinone (PQ) in the photosynthetic electron transport (PET) system of chloroplasts to growth light intensity were evaluated in tobacco plants. Plants grown in low light (150 micromol photons m-2 s-1) (LL plants) were exposed to a high light intensity (1,100 micromol photons m-2 s-1) for 1 d. Subsequently, the plants exposed to high light (LH plants) were returned back again to the low light condition: these plants were designated as LHL plants. Both LH and LHL plants showed higher values of non-photochemical quenching of Chl fluorescence (NPQ) and the fraction of open PSII centers (qL), and lower values of the maximum quantum yield of PSII in the dark (Fv/Fm), compared with LL plants. The dependence of qL on the quantum yield of PSII [Phi(PSII)] in LH and LHL plants was higher than that in LL plants. To evaluate the effect of an increase in NPQ and decrease in Fv/Fm on qL, we derived an equation expressing qL in relation to both NPQ and Fv/Fm, according to the lake model of photoexcitation of the PSII reaction center. As a result, the heat dissipation process, shown as NPQ, did not contribute greatly to the increase in qL. On the other hand, decreased Fv/Fm did contribute to the increase in qL, i.e. the enhanced oxidation of PQ under photosynthesis-limited conditions. Thylakoid membranes isolated from LH plants, having high qL, showed a higher tolerance against photoinhibition of PSII, compared with those from LL plants. We propose a 'plastoquinone oxidation system (POS)', which keeps PQ in an oxidized state by suppressing the accumulation of electrons in the PET system in such a way as to regulate the maximum quantum yield of PSII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chikahiro Miyake
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.
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Dmitriev EV, Khomenko G, Chami M, Sokolov AA, Churilova TY, Korotaev GK. Parameterization of light absorption by components of seawater in optically complex coastal waters of the Crimea Peninsula (Black Sea). Appl Opt 2009; 48:1249-1261. [PMID: 19252624 DOI: 10.1364/ao.48.001249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The absorption of sunlight by oceanic constituents significantly contributes to the spectral distribution of the water-leaving radiance. Here it is shown that current parameterizations of absorption coefficients do not apply to the optically complex waters of the Crimea Peninsula. Based on in situ measurements, parameterizations of phytoplankton, nonalgal, and total particulate absorption coefficients are proposed. Their performance is evaluated using a log-log regression combined with a low-pass filter and the nonlinear least-square method. Statistical significance of the estimated parameters is verified using the bootstrap method. The parameterizations are relevant for chlorophyll a concentrations ranging from 0.45 up to 2 mg/m(3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Egor V Dmitriev
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie de l'Atmosphère, UMR CNRS 8101, Maison de la Recherche en Environnement Industrielde Dunkerque, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, Dunkerque, France.
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