1
|
Chen DG, Xie J, Choi J, Ng RH, Zhang R, Li S, Edmark R, Zheng H, Solomon B, Campbell KM, Medina E, Ribas A, Khatri P, Lanier LL, Mease PJ, Goldman JD, Su Y, Heath JR. Integrative systems biology reveals NKG2A-biased immune responses correlate with protection in infectious disease, autoimmune disease, and cancer. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113872. [PMID: 38427562 PMCID: PMC10995767 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Infection, autoimmunity, and cancer are principal human health challenges of the 21st century. Often regarded as distinct ends of the immunological spectrum, recent studies hint at potential overlap between these diseases. For example, inflammation can be pathogenic in infection and autoimmunity. T resident memory (TRM) cells can be beneficial in infection and cancer. However, these findings are limited by size and scope; exact immunological factors shared across diseases remain elusive. Here, we integrate large-scale deeply clinically and biologically phenotyped human cohorts of 526 patients with infection, 162 with lupus, and 11,180 with cancer. We identify an NKG2A+ immune bias as associative with protection against disease severity, mortality, and autoimmune/post-acute chronic disease. We reveal that NKG2A+ CD8+ T cells correlate with reduced inflammation and increased humoral immunity and that they resemble TRM cells. Our results suggest NKG2A+ biases as a cross-disease factor of protection, supporting suggestions of immunological overlap between infection, autoimmunity, and cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G Chen
- Institute of Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, USA; Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA; Clinical Research Division, Program in Immunology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jingyi Xie
- Institute of Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, USA; Molecular Engineering & Sciences Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Rachel H Ng
- Institute of Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Rongyu Zhang
- Institute of Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sarah Li
- Institute of Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Rick Edmark
- Institute of Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Hong Zheng
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ben Solomon
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Katie M Campbell
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Egmidio Medina
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Antoni Ribas
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center at the University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Purvesh Khatri
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Lewis L Lanier
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Philip J Mease
- Swedish Center for Research and Innovation, Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA; Providence St. Joseph Health, Renton, WA, USA
| | - Jason D Goldman
- Swedish Center for Research and Innovation, Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA; Providence St. Joseph Health, Renton, WA, USA; Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Yapeng Su
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA; Clinical Research Division, Program in Immunology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - James R Heath
- Institute of Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gopallawa I, Dehinwal R, Bhatia V, Gujar V, Chirmule N. A four-part guide to lung immunology: Invasion, inflammation, immunity, and intervention. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1119564. [PMID: 37063828 PMCID: PMC10102582 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1119564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Lungs are important respiratory organs primarily involved in gas exchange. Lungs interact directly with the environment and their primary function is affected by several inflammatory responses caused by allergens, inflammatory mediators, and pathogens, eventually leading to disease. The immune architecture of the lung consists of an extensive network of innate immune cells, which induce adaptive immune responses based on the nature of the pathogen(s). The balance of immune responses is critical for maintaining immune homeostasis in the lung. Infection by pathogens and physical or genetic dysregulation of immune homeostasis result in inflammatory diseases. These responses culminate in the production of a plethora of cytokines such as TSLP, IL-9, IL-25, and IL-33, which have been implicated in the pathogenesis of several inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Shifting the balance of Th1, Th2, Th9, and Th17 responses have been the targets of therapeutic interventions in the treatment of these diseases. Here, we have briefly reviewed the innate and adaptive i3mmune responses in the lung. Genetic and environmental factors, and infection are the major causes of dysregulation of various functions of the lung. We have elaborated on the impact of inflammatory and infectious diseases, advances in therapies, and drug delivery devices on this critical organ. Finally, we have provided a comprehensive compilation of different inflammatory and infectious diseases of the lungs and commented on the pros and cons of different inhalation devices for the management of lung diseases. The review is intended to provide a summary of the immunology of the lung, with an emphasis on drug and device development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Indiwari Gopallawa
- Clinical Pharmacology & Safety Sciences, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, United States
| | - Ruchika Dehinwal
- Department of Microbiology, Division of Infectious Disease, Brigham Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Vikramsingh Gujar
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK, United States
| | - Narendra Chirmule
- R&D Department, SymphonyTech Biologics, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- *Correspondence: Narendra Chirmule,
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rashid T, Sae-Kho TM, Heuvelhorst KL, Glazebrook KN. Breast imaging of infectious disease. Br J Radiol 2023; 96:20220649. [PMID: 36651859 PMCID: PMC9975371 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20220649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases of the breast can demonstrate a wide variety of clinical presentations and imaging appearances. Breast abscesses are often a complication of infectious mastitis of the breast. Puerperal mastitis is the most common cause of breast abscess, typically affecting postpartum females. Often diagnosed clinically, it is usually treated with antibiotics without need for imaging. Non-puerperal mastitis is relatively uncommon and typically subareolar in location. Patients can present with asymmetric breast thickening, a palpable lump, nipple discharge, or axillary adenopathy. These presentations can mimic malignancy. Herein, this pictorial review demonstrates imaging findings of common and uncommon infectious processes of the breast and clinically important mimickers of breast infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tariq Rashid
- Department of Breast Imaging and Intervention, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, United States
| | - Tiffany M. Sae-Kho
- Department of Breast Imaging and Intervention, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, United States
| | - Kara L. Heuvelhorst
- Department of Breast Imaging and Intervention, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, United States
| | - Katrina N. Glazebrook
- Department of Breast Imaging and Intervention, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Fayehun O, Ajisola M, Uthman O, Oyebode O, Oladejo A, Owoaje E, Taiwo O, Odubanjo O, Harris B, Lilford R, Omigbodun A. A contextual exploration of healthcare service use in urban slums in Nigeria. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264725. [PMID: 35213671 PMCID: PMC8880927 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Many urban residents in low- and middle-income countries live in unfavorable conditions with few healthcare facilities, calling to question the long-held view of urban advantage in health, healthcare access and utilization. We explore the patterns of healthcare utilization in these deprived neighborhoods by studying three such settlements in Nigeria. Methods The study was conducted in three slums in Southwestern Nigeria, categorized as migrant, indigenous or cosmopolitan, based on their characteristics. Using observational data of those who needed healthcare and used in-patient or out-patient services in the 12 months preceding the survey, frequencies, percentages and odds-ratios were used to show the study participants’ environmental and population characteristics, relative to their patterns of healthcare use. Results A total of 1,634 residents from the three slums participated, distributed as 763 (migrant), 459 (indigenous) and 412 (cosmopolitan). Residents from the migrant (OR = 0.70, 95%CI: 0.51 to 0.97) and indigenous (OR = 0.65, 95%CI: 0.45 to 0.93) slums were less likely to have used formal healthcare facilities than those from the cosmopolitan slum. Slum residents were more likely to use formal healthcare facilities for maternal and perinatal conditions, and generalized pains, than for communicable (OR = 0.50, 95%CI: 0.34 to 0.72) and non-communicable diseases (OR = 0.61, 95%CI: 0.41 to 0.91). The unemployed had higher odds (OR = 1.45, 95%CI: 1.08 to 1.93) of using formal healthcare facilities than those currently employed. Conclusion The cosmopolitan slum, situated in a major financial center and national economic hub, had a higher proportion of formal healthcare facility usage than the migrant and indigenous slums where about half of families were classified as poor. The urban advantage premise and Anderson behavioral model remain a practical explanatory framework, although they may not explain healthcare use in all possible slum types in Africa. A context-within-context approach is important for addressing healthcare utilization challenges in slums in sub-Saharan Africa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olufunke Fayehun
- Department of Sociology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Olalekan Uthman
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Warwick, United Kingdom
| | - Oyinlola Oyebode
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Warwick, United Kingdom
| | - Abiola Oladejo
- Department of Sociology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Eme Owoaje
- Department of Community Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Olalekan Taiwo
- Department of Geography, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | | | - Bronwyn Harris
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Warwick, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Lilford
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Akinyinka Omigbodun
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wu W, Tian L, Zhang W, Booth JL, Ritchey JW, Wu S, Xu C, Brown BR, Metcalf JP. Early IFN-β administration protects cigarette smoke exposed mice against lethal influenza virus infection without increasing lung inflammation. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4080. [PMID: 35260752 PMCID: PMC8902729 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08066-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
During influenza A virus (IAV) infection, it is unclear whether type I interferons (IFNs) have defensive antiviral effects or contribute to immunopathology in smokers. We treated nonsmoking (NS) and cigarette smoke (CS)-exposed mice intranasally with early (prophylactic) or late (therapeutic) IFN-β. We compared the mortality and innate immune responses of the treated mice following challenge with IAV. In NS mice, both early and late IFN-β administration decreased the survival rate in mice infected with IAV, with late IFN-β administration having the greatest effect on survival. In contrast, in CS-exposed mice, early IFN-β administration significantly increased survival during IAV infection while late IFN-β administration did not alter mortality. With regards to inflammation, in NS mice, IFN-β administration, especially late administration, significantly increased IAV-induced inflammation and lung injury. Early IFN-β administration to CS-exposed mice did not increase IAV-induced inflammation and lung injury as occurred in NS mice. Our results demonstrate, although IFN-β administration worsens the susceptibility of NS mice to influenza infection with increased immunopathology, early IFN-β administration to CS-exposed mice, which have suppression of the intrinsic IFN response, improved outcomes during influenza infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenxin Wu
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Room 425, RP1, 800 N. Research Pkwy., Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
| | - Lili Tian
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Room 425, RP1, 800 N. Research Pkwy., Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Room 425, RP1, 800 N. Research Pkwy., Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - J Leland Booth
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Room 425, RP1, 800 N. Research Pkwy., Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Jerry William Ritchey
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Shuhua Wu
- Division of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Xu
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Brent R Brown
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Room 425, RP1, 800 N. Research Pkwy., Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Jordan P Metcalf
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Room 425, RP1, 800 N. Research Pkwy., Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abstract
Given a sequence of epidemic events, can a single epidemic model capture its dynamics during the entire period? How should we divide the sequence into segments to better capture the dynamics? Throughout human history, infectious diseases (e.g., the Black Death and COVID-19) have been serious threats. Consequently, understanding and forecasting the evolving patterns of epidemic events are critical for prevention and decision making. To this end, epidemic models based on ordinary differential equations (ODEs), which effectively describe dynamic systems in many fields, have been employed. However, a single epidemic model is not enough to capture long-term dynamics of epidemic events especially when the dynamics heavily depend on external factors (e.g., lockdown and the capability to perform tests). In this work, we demonstrate that properly dividing the event sequence regarding COVID-19 (specifically, the numbers of active cases, recoveries, and deaths) into multiple segments and fitting a simple epidemic model to each segment leads to a better fit with fewer parameters than fitting a complex model to the entire sequence. Moreover, we propose a methodology for balancing the number of segments and the complexity of epidemic models, based on the Minimum Description Length principle. Our methodology is (a) Automatic: not requiring any user-defined parameters, (b) Model-agnostic: applicable to any ODE-based epidemic models, and (c) Effective: effectively describing and forecasting the spread of COVID-19 in 70 countries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geon Lee
- Kim Jaechul Graduate School of AI, KAIST, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Se-eun Yoon
- School of Electrical Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Kijung Shin
- Kim Jaechul Graduate School of AI, KAIST, Daejeon, South Korea
- School of Electrical Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Amos B, Aurrecoechea C, Barba M, Barreto A, Basenko E, Bażant W, Belnap R, Blevins AS, Böhme U, Brestelli J, Brunk BP, Caddick M, Callan D, Campbell L, Christensen M, Christophides G, Crouch K, Davis K, DeBarry J, Doherty R, Duan Y, Dunn M, Falke D, Fisher S, Flicek P, Fox B, Gajria B, Giraldo-Calderón GI, Harb OS, Harper E, Hertz-Fowler C, Hickman M, Howington C, Hu S, Humphrey J, Iodice J, Jones A, Judkins J, Kelly SA, Kissinger JC, Kwon DK, Lamoureux K, Lawson D, Li W, Lies K, Lodha D, Long J, MacCallum RM, Maslen G, McDowell MA, Nabrzyski J, Roos DS, Rund SC, Schulman S, Shanmugasundram A, Sitnik V, Spruill D, Starns D, Stoeckert C, Tomko SS, Wang H, Warrenfeltz S, Wieck R, Wilkinson PA, Xu L, Zheng J. VEuPathDB: the eukaryotic pathogen, vector and host bioinformatics resource center. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:D898-D911. [PMID: 34718728 PMCID: PMC8728164 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 93.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Eukaryotic Pathogen, Vector and Host Informatics Resource (VEuPathDB, https://veupathdb.org) represents the 2019 merger of VectorBase with the EuPathDB projects. As a Bioinformatics Resource Center funded by the National Institutes of Health, with additional support from the Welllcome Trust, VEuPathDB supports >500 organisms comprising invertebrate vectors, eukaryotic pathogens (protists and fungi) and relevant free-living or non-pathogenic species or hosts. Designed to empower researchers with access to Omics data and bioinformatic analyses, VEuPathDB projects integrate >1700 pre-analysed datasets (and associated metadata) with advanced search capabilities, visualizations, and analysis tools in a graphic interface. Diverse data types are analysed with standardized workflows including an in-house OrthoMCL algorithm for predicting orthology. Comparisons are easily made across datasets, data types and organisms in this unique data mining platform. A new site-wide search facilitates access for both experienced and novice users. Upgraded infrastructure and workflows support numerous updates to the web interface, tools, searches and strategies, and Galaxy workspace where users can privately analyse their own data. Forthcoming upgrades include cloud-ready application architecture, expanded support for the Galaxy workspace, tools for interrogating host-pathogen interactions, and improved interactions with affiliated databases (ClinEpiDB, MicrobiomeDB) and other scientific resources, and increased interoperability with the Bacterial & Viral BRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Amos
- Institute of Systems, Molecular & Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Cristina Aurrecoechea
- Center for Tropical & Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Matthieu Barba
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Ana Barreto
- Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Evelina Y Basenko
- Institute of Systems, Molecular & Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Wojciech Bażant
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Robert Belnap
- Center for Tropical & Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Ann S Blevins
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ulrike Böhme
- Institute of Systems, Molecular & Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - John Brestelli
- Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Brian P Brunk
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Mark Caddick
- Institute of Systems, Molecular & Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Danielle Callan
- Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Lahcen Campbell
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Mikkel B Christensen
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
| | - George K Christophides
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Kathryn Crouch
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Kristina Davis
- Center for Research Computing, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Jeremy DeBarry
- Center for Tropical & Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Ryan Doherty
- Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yikun Duan
- Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Michael Dunn
- Center for Research Computing, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Dave Falke
- Center for Tropical & Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Steve Fisher
- Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Paul Flicek
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Brett Fox
- Center for Research Computing, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Bindu Gajria
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Gloria I Giraldo-Calderón
- Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Departamento de Ciencias Básicas Médicas, Universidad Icesi, Calle 18 No. 122-135, Cali, Colombia
| | - Omar S Harb
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Elizabeth Harper
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Christiane Hertz-Fowler
- Institute of Systems, Molecular & Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Mark J Hickman
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Connor Howington
- Center for Research Computing, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Sufen Hu
- Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jay Humphrey
- Center for Tropical & Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - John Iodice
- Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Andrew Jones
- Institute of Systems, Molecular & Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - John Judkins
- Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sarah A Kelly
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Jessica C Kissinger
- Center for Tropical & Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Dae Kun Kwon
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering & Earth Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Kristopher Lamoureux
- Center for Tropical & Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Daniel Lawson
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Wei Li
- Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kallie Lies
- Center for Research Computing, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Disha Lodha
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Jamie Long
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Robert M MacCallum
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Gareth Maslen
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Mary Ann McDowell
- Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Jaroslaw Nabrzyski
- Center for Research Computing, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - David S Roos
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Samuel S C Rund
- Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | | | | | - Vasily Sitnik
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Drew Spruill
- Center for Tropical & Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - David Starns
- Institute of Systems, Molecular & Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Christian J Stoeckert
- Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sheena Shah Tomko
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Haiming Wang
- Center for Tropical & Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Susanne Warrenfeltz
- Center for Tropical & Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Robert Wieck
- Center for Research Computing, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Paul A Wilkinson
- Institute of Systems, Molecular & Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Lin Xu
- Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jie Zheng
- Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kourtzelis I, Hewitson J, Roger T. Editorial: Macrophage Plasticity in Sterile and Pathogen-Induced Inflammation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:823023. [PMID: 34975930 PMCID: PMC8718448 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.823023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Kourtzelis
- Hull York Medical School, York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Ioannis Kourtzelis,
| | - James Hewitson
- Department of Biology, York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Thierry Roger
- Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Owen RS, Ramarathinam SH, Bailey A, Gastaldello A, Hussey K, Skipp PJ, Purcell AW, Siddle HV. The differentiation state of the Schwann cell progenitor drives phenotypic variation between two contagious cancers. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1010033. [PMID: 34780568 PMCID: PMC8629380 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Contagious cancers are a rare pathogenic phenomenon in which cancer cells gain the ability to spread between genetically distinct hosts. Nine examples have been identified across marine bivalves, dogs and Tasmanian devils, but the Tasmanian devil is the only mammalian species known to have given rise to two distinct lineages of contagious cancer, termed Devil Facial Tumour 1 (DFT1) and 2 (DFT2). Remarkably, DFT1 and DFT2 arose independently from the same cell type, a Schwann cell, and while their ultra-structural features are highly similar they exhibit variation in their mutational signatures and infection dynamics. As such, DFT1 and DFT2 provide a unique framework for investigating how a common progenitor cell can give rise to distinct contagious cancers. Using a proteomics approach, we show that DFT1 and DFT2 are derived from Schwann cells in different differentiation states, with DFT2 carrying a molecular signature of a less well differentiated Schwann cell. Under inflammatory signals DFT1 and DFT2 have different gene expression profiles, most notably involving Schwann cell markers of differentiation, reflecting the influence of their distinct origins. Further, DFT2 cells express immune cell markers typically expressed during nerve repair, consistent with an ability to manipulate their extracellular environment, facilitating the cell’s ability to transmit between individuals. The emergence of two contagious cancers in the Tasmanian devil suggests that the inherent plasticity of Schwann cells confers a vulnerability to the formation of contagious cancers. Cancer can be an infectious pathogen, with nine known cases, infecting bivalves, dogs and two independent tumours circulating in the endangered Tasmanian devil. These cancers, known as Devil Facial Tumour 1 (DFT1) and Devil Facial Tumour 2 (DFT2), spread through the wild population much like parasites, moving between genetically distinct hosts during social biting behaviours and persisting in the population. As DFT1 and DFT2 are independent contagious cancers that arose from the same cell type, a Schwann cell, they provide a unique model system for studying the emergence of phenotypic variation in cancers derived from a single progenitor cell. In this study, we have shown that these two remarkably similar tumours have emerged from Schwann cells in different differentiation states. The differentiation state of the progenitor has altered the characteristics of each tumour, resulting in different responses to external signals. This work demonstrates that the cellular origin of infection can direct the phenotype of a contagious cancer and how it responds to signals from the host environment. Further, the plasticity of Schwann cells may make these cells more prone to forming contagious cancers, raising the possibility that further parasitic cancers could emerge from this cell type.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel S. Owen
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Sri H. Ramarathinam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Alistair Bailey
- Centre for Cancer Immunology, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Annalisa Gastaldello
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Kathryn Hussey
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Paul J. Skipp
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony W. Purcell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Hannah V. Siddle
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hoffmann P, Burmester M, Langeheine M, Brehm R, Empl MT, Seeger B, Breves G. Caco-2/HT29-MTX co-cultured cells as a model for studying physiological properties and toxin-induced effects on intestinal cells. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257824. [PMID: 34618824 PMCID: PMC8496855 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious gastrointestinal diseases are frequently caused by toxins secreted by pathogens which may impair physiological functions of the intestines, for instance by cholera toxin or by heat-labile enterotoxin. To obtain a functional model of the human intestinal epithelium for studying toxin-induced disease mechanisms, differentiated enterocyte-like Caco-2 cells were co-cultured with goblet cell-like HT29-MTX cells. These co-cultures formed a functional epithelial barrier, as characterized by a high electrical resistance and the presence of physiological intestinal properties such as glucose transport and chloride secretion which could be demonstrated electrophysiologically and by measuring protein expression. When the tissues were exposed to cholera toxin or heat-labile enterotoxin in the Ussing chamber, cholera toxin incubation resulted in an increase in short-circuit currents, indicating an increase in apical chloride secretion. This is in line with typical cholera toxin-induced secretory diarrhea in humans, while heat-labile enterotoxin only showed an increase in short-circuit-current in Caco-2 cells. This study characterizes for the first time the simultaneous measurement of physiological properties on a functional and structural level combined with the epithelial responses to bacterial toxins. In conclusion, using this model, physiological responses of the intestine to bacterial toxins can be investigated and characterized. Therefore, this model can serve as an alternative to the use of laboratory animals for characterizing pathophysiological mechanisms of enterotoxins at the intestinal level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Hoffmann
- Institute for Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Marion Burmester
- Institute for Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Marion Langeheine
- Institute for Anatomy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ralph Brehm
- Institute for Anatomy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael T. Empl
- Institute for Food Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Bettina Seeger
- Institute for Food Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Gerhard Breves
- Institute for Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Arteaga-Blanco LA, Bou-Habib DC. The Role of Extracellular Vesicles from Human Macrophages on Host-Pathogen Interaction. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910262. [PMID: 34638604 PMCID: PMC8508751 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The nano-sized membrane enclosed extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by virtually all cell types play an essential role in intercellular communication via delivering bio-molecules, such as nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, and other molecules to recipient cells. By mediating an active and steady-state cell-to-cell communication, EVs contribute to regulating and preserving cellular homeostasis. On the other hand, EVs can also spread pathogen-derived molecules during infections, subverting the host immune responses during infections and thus worsening pathophysiological processes. In recent years, the biological functioning of EVs has become a widespread research field in basic and clinical branches of medical sciences due to their potential role in therapeutic applications for several diseases. This review aims to summarize the main recent findings regarding the implication of EVs shed by human macrophages (MΦ-EVs) and how they can modulate the host immune response to control or increase the damage caused by infectious agents. We will also present the methods used to describe MΦ-EVs, as well as the potential of these EVs as disease diagnostic tools for some human pathogens. We believe that an in-depth understanding of the host–pathogen interactions mediated by MΦ-EVs may trigger the development of innovative therapeutic strategies against infectious diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis A. Arteaga-Blanco
- Laboratory on Thymus Research, Oswaldo Cruz Institute/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
- Correspondence: (L.A.A.-B.); or (D.C.B.-H.)
| | - Dumith Chequer Bou-Habib
- Laboratory on Thymus Research, Oswaldo Cruz Institute/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
- Correspondence: (L.A.A.-B.); or (D.C.B.-H.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
Much progress has been made toward deciphering RHO GTPase functions, and many studies have convincingly demonstrated that altered signal transduction through RHO GTPases is a recurring theme in the progression of human malignancies. It seems that 20 canonical RHO GTPases are likely regulated by three GDIs, 85 GEFs, and 66 GAPs, and eventually interact with >70 downstream effectors. A recurring theme is the challenge in understanding the molecular determinants of the specificity of these four classes of interacting proteins that, irrespective of their functions, bind to common sites on the surface of RHO GTPases. Identified and structurally verified hotspots as functional determinants specific to RHO GTPase regulation by GDIs, GEFs, and GAPs as well as signaling through effectors are presented, and challenges and future perspectives are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammad Reza Ahmadian
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstrasse 1, Building 22.03.05, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany;
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Verran J. Using fiction to engage audiences with infectious disease: the effect of the coronavirus pandemic on participation in the Bad Bugs Bookclub. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2021; 368:6296416. [PMID: 34113987 PMCID: PMC8344436 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnab072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
During Bad Bugs Bookclub meetings, scientists and non-scientists discuss novels in which infectious disease forms part of the plot in order to encourage public understanding of, and engagement with, microbiology. The website presents meeting reports and reading guides for over 70 novels. The aim of this work was to raise awareness of the bookclub and increase website engagement. In 2019, events designed to reach new audiences maintained an increase in page views from the end of 2018 (around 200 per month). In 2020, the coronavirus pandemic forced bookclub meetings online (Zoom). These, with podcasts and some Twitter discussion, increased page views with a peak of 400 per month. Membership increased, and global ‘attendance’ was facilitated. Feelings and observations related to each book and the pandemic were noted in meeting reports. A survey of current and previous bookclub members carried out early in lockdown with the aim of determining the future direction of the bookclub revealed the continuing value of both literary and scientific experiences to members. The bookclub has engaged scientists and non-scientists in meaningful discussion about infectious disease. Reach is modest, but the resource is significant, with potential impact in education and engagement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Verran
- Corresponding author: Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
A growing body of evidence indicates that, over the course of evolution of the immune system, arginine has been selected as a node for the regulation of immune responses. An appropriate supply of arginine has long been associated with the improvement of immune responses. In addition to being a building block for protein synthesis, arginine serves as a substrate for distinct metabolic pathways that profoundly affect immune cell biology; especially macrophage, dendritic cell and T cell immunobiology. Arginine availability, synthesis, and catabolism are highly interrelated aspects of immune responses and their fine-tuning can dictate divergent pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory immune outcomes. Here, we review the organismal pathways of arginine metabolism in humans and rodents, as essential modulators of the availability of this semi-essential amino acid for immune cells. We subsequently review well-established and novel findings on the functional impact of arginine biosynthetic and catabolic pathways on the main immune cell lineages. Finally, as arginine has emerged as a molecule impacting on a plethora of immune functions, we integrate key notions on how the disruption or perversion of arginine metabolism is implicated in pathologies ranging from infectious diseases to autoimmunity and cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Walter Reith
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Rodríguez-Carlos A, Jacobo-Delgado YM, Santos-Mena AO, Rivas-Santiago B. Modulation of cathelicidin and defensins by histone deacetylase inhibitors: A potential treatment for multi-drug resistant infectious diseases. Peptides 2021; 140:170527. [PMID: 33744370 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2021.170527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Infectious diseases are an important growing public health problem, which perspective has worsened due to the increasing number of drug-resistant strains in the last few years. Although diverse solutions have been proposed, one viable solution could be the use of immune system modulators. The induction of the immune response can be increased by histone deacetylase inhibitors (iHDAC), which in turn modulate the chromatin and increase the activation of different cellular pathways and nuclear factors such as STAT3, HIF-1α NF-kB, C/EBPα and, AP-1. These pathways are capable to promote several immune response-related molecules including those with antimicrobial properties such as antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) that lead to the elimination of pathogens including multi drug-resistant strains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Rodríguez-Carlos
- Medical Research Unit-Zacatecas, Mexican Institute for Social Security-IMSS, Zacatecas, Mexico
| | | | - Alan O Santos-Mena
- Medical Research Unit-Zacatecas, Mexican Institute for Social Security-IMSS, Zacatecas, Mexico
| | - Bruno Rivas-Santiago
- Medical Research Unit-Zacatecas, Mexican Institute for Social Security-IMSS, Zacatecas, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Vas PRJ, Georgiadis GS, Papanas N. COVID-19 Toes and Other Skin Lesions During the Pandemic: Emerging Entities? INT J LOW EXTR WOUND 2021; 21:658-660. [PMID: 33891517 DOI: 10.1177/15347346211011843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
There is accumulating evidence to indicate an association between coronavirus infectious disease 2019 (COVID-19) and clusters of incident cutaneous eruptions. Of these, chilblains-like perniosis have received widespread medical and media attention. These typically affect the toes, and have been called "COVID-toes." Other acral lesions such as large bullae have also been reported. However, a definitive causal relationship with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has not yet been definitively proven, nor has a pathogenic mechanism been established. These episodes are self-limiting, but we need to know whether long-term sequelae exist.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prashanth R J Vas
- King's College NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- King's Health Partners' Institute of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Obesity, London, UK
| | - George S Georgiadis
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Democritus University of Thrace, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Thrace, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Papanas
- Diabetes Centre-Diabetic Foot Clinic, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Helms YB, Hamdiui N, Eilers R, Hoebe C, Dukers-Muijrers N, van den Kerkhof H, Timen A, Stein ML. Online respondent-driven detection for enhanced contact tracing of close-contact infectious diseases: benefits and barriers for public health practice. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:358. [PMID: 33863279 PMCID: PMC8051831 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-06052-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Online respondent-driven detection (RDD) is a novel method of case finding that can enhance contact tracing (CT). However, the advantages and challenges of RDD for CT have not yet been investigated from the perspective of public health professionals (PHPs). Therefore, it remains unclear if, and under what circumstances, PHPs are willing to apply RDD for CT. METHODS Between March and April 2019, we conducted semi-structured interviews with Dutch PHPs responsible for CT in practice. Questions were derived from the 'diffusion of innovations' theory. Between May and June 2019, we distributed an online questionnaire among 260 Dutch PHPs to quantify the main qualitative findings. Using different hypothetical scenarios, we assessed anticipated advantages and challenges of RDD, and PHPs' intention to apply RDD for CT. RESULTS Twelve interviews were held, and 70 PHPs completed the online questionnaire. A majority of questionnaire respondents (71%) had a positive intention towards using RDD for CT. Anticipated advantages of RDD were 'accommodating easy and autonomous participation in CT of index cases and contact persons', and 'reaching contact persons more efficiently'. Anticipated challenges were 'limited opportunities for PHPs to support, motivate, and coordinate the execution of CT', 'not being able to adequately convey measures to index cases and contact persons', and 'anticipated unrest among index cases and contact persons'. Circumstances under which PHPs anticipated RDD applicable for CT included index cases and contact persons being reluctant to share information directly with PHPs, digitally skilled and literate persons being involved, and large scale CT. Circumstances under which PHPs anticipated RDD less applicable for CT included severe consequences of missing information or contact persons for individual or public health, involvement of complex or impactful measures for index cases and contact persons, and a disease being perceived as severe or sensitive by index cases and their contact persons. CONCLUSIONS PHPs generally perceived RDD as a potentially beneficial method for public health practice, that may help overcome challenges present in traditional CT, and could be used during outbreaks of infectious diseases that spread via close contact. The circumstances under which CT is performed, appear to strongly influence PHPs' intention to use RDD for CT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yannick B Helms
- National Coordination Centre for Communicable Disease Control, Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
- Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Nora Hamdiui
- National Coordination Centre for Communicable Disease Control, Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Primary and Community Care, Radboud University Medical Centre, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Renske Eilers
- National Coordination Centre for Communicable Disease Control, Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Hoebe
- Department of Sexual Health, Infectious Diseases, and Environmental Health, South Limburg Public Health Service, Heerlen, The Netherlands
- Department of Social Medicine and Medical Microbiology, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Nicole Dukers-Muijrers
- Department of Sexual Health, Infectious Diseases, and Environmental Health, South Limburg Public Health Service, Heerlen, The Netherlands
- Department of Health Promotion, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Hans van den Kerkhof
- National Coordination Centre for Communicable Disease Control, Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Aura Timen
- National Coordination Centre for Communicable Disease Control, Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Athena Institute for Research on Innovation and Communication in Health and Life Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mart L Stein
- National Coordination Centre for Communicable Disease Control, Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Sepahvand A, Studzińska-Sroka E, Ramak P, Karimian V. Usnea sp.: Antimicrobial potential, bioactive compounds, ethnopharmacological uses and other pharmacological properties; a review article. J Ethnopharmacol 2021; 268:113656. [PMID: 33276059 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Usnea sp. is a fruticose thalli lichen with interesting medicinal properties. Since ancient times, Usnea sp. has been used in traditional medicine worldwide to treat various diseases. The broad scientific studies on this lichen have proved its multidirectional biological effect, such as antimicrobial activity, which is attributed to its usnic acid content. PURPOSE The main aim of this review is to provide an up-to-date overview of the antimicrobial activities of Usnea sp., including the traditional and medicinal uses, and a critical evaluation of the presented data. Also, the mechanism of this type of action will be explained. METHODS To prepare this manuscript, the information was extracted from scientific databases (Pubmed, ScienceDirect, Wiley, Springer, and Google Scholar), books, and theses. The available scientific information was critically analysed. RESULTS Analysis of the scientific literature regarding traditional uses and bioactivity research showed that Usnea sp. extracts exhibit high antibacterial activity. The Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis) and aquatic oomycetous fungi were the most sensitive Usnea sp. extracts. Moderate activity against Malassezia furfur and dermatophytes was observed, as well. Gram-negative bacteria, yeast, and fungi were more frequently resistant to Usnea sp. extracts (included Escherichia coli, Candida sp., Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Aspergillus sp.). The antiviral activity of Usnea sp. was limited. CONCLUSION The results show that the use of Usnea sp. in traditional medicine can be scientifically documented. Studies show that usnic acid is the active compound present in Usnea sp. extracts. This compound, which has a high antibacterial and cytotoxic activity, exists in large quantities in low-polarity extracts, and low concentration in these of high-polarity. Usnea sp. extracts contain compounds other than usnic acid as well with biological effects. Usnea barbata is a species that has been employed in modern-day cosmetic and pharmaceutical preparations. The information presented in the review can be considered as a source of knowledge about the Usnea sp. It presents research on biological properties reported for different species of Usnea genus and thus can facilitate their use in medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asghar Sepahvand
- Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.
| | | | - Parvin Ramak
- Research Division of Natural Resources, Lorestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Khorramabad, Iran.
| | - Vahid Karimian
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Yasooj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yasooj, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Gurunathan S, Kang MH, Kim JH. A Comprehensive Review on Factors Influences Biogenesis, Functions, Therapeutic and Clinical Implications of Exosomes. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:1281-1312. [PMID: 33628021 PMCID: PMC7898217 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s291956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are nanoscale-sized membrane vesicles secreted by almost all cell types into the extracellular environment upon fusion of multivesicular bodies and plasma membrane. Biogenesis of exosomes is a protein quality control mechanism, and once released, exosomes transmit signals to other cells. The applications of exosomes have increased immensely in biomedical fields owing to their cell-specific cargos that facilitate intercellular communications with neighboring cells through the transfer of biologically active compounds. The diverse constituents of exosomes reflect their cell of origin and their detection in biological fluids represents a diagnostic marker for various diseases. Exosome research is expanding rapidly due to the potential for clinical application to therapeutics and diagnosis. However, several aspects of exosome biology remain elusive. To discover the use of exosomes in the biomedical applications, we must better understand the basic molecular mechanisms underlying their biogenesis and function. In this comprehensive review, we describe factors involved in exosomes biogenesis and the role of exosomes in intercellular signaling and cell-cell communications, immune responses, cellular homeostasis, autophagy, and infectious diseases. In addition, we discuss the role of exosomes as diagnostic markers, and their therapeutic and clinical implications. Furthermore, we addressed the challenges and outstanding developments in exosome research, and discuss future perspectives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sangiliyandi Gurunathan
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Korea
| | - Min-Hee Kang
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Korea
| | - Jin-Hoi Kim
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
|
21
|
Thompson CW, Phelps KL, Allard MW, Cook JA, Dunnum JL, Ferguson AW, Gelang M, Khan FAA, Paul DL, Reeder DM, Simmons NB, Vanhove MPM, Webala PW, Weksler M, Kilpatrick CW. Preserve a Voucher Specimen! The Critical Need for Integrating Natural History Collections in Infectious Disease Studies. mBio 2021; 12:e02698-20. [PMID: 33436435 PMCID: PMC7844540 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02698-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite being nearly 10 months into the COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic, the definitive animal host for SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2), the causal agent of COVID-19, remains unknown. Unfortunately, similar problems exist for other betacoronaviruses, and no vouchered specimens exist to corroborate host species identification for most of these pathogens. This most basic information is critical to the full understanding and mitigation of emerging zoonotic diseases. To overcome this hurdle, we recommend that host-pathogen researchers adopt vouchering practices and collaborate with natural history collections to permanently archive microbiological samples and host specimens. Vouchered specimens and associated samples provide both repeatability and extension to host-pathogen studies, and using them mobilizes a large workforce (i.e., biodiversity scientists) to assist in pandemic preparedness. We review several well-known examples that successfully integrate host-pathogen research with natural history collections (e.g., yellow fever, hantaviruses, helminths). However, vouchering remains an underutilized practice in such studies. Using an online survey, we assessed vouchering practices used by microbiologists (e.g., bacteriologists, parasitologists, virologists) in host-pathogen research. A much greater number of respondents permanently archive microbiological samples than archive host specimens, and less than half of respondents voucher host specimens from which microbiological samples were lethally collected. To foster collaborations between microbiologists and natural history collections, we provide recommendations for integrating vouchering techniques and archiving of microbiological samples into host-pathogen studies. This integrative approach exemplifies the premise underlying One Health initiatives, providing critical infrastructure for addressing related issues ranging from public health to global climate change and the biodiversity crisis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cody W Thompson
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Marc W Allard
- Center of Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U. S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Joseph A Cook
- Museum of Southwestern Biology, Biology Department, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Jonathan L Dunnum
- Museum of Southwestern Biology, Biology Department, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Adam W Ferguson
- Gantz Family Collections Center, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Magnus Gelang
- Gothenburg Natural History Museum, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Deborah L Paul
- Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
- Species File Group, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Nancy B Simmons
- Department of Mammalogy, Division of Vertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York, USA
| | - Maarten P M Vanhove
- Hasselt University, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Research Group Zoology: Biodiversity and Toxicology, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Paul W Webala
- Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Maasai Mara University, Narok, Kenya
| | - Marcelo Weksler
- Departamento de Vertebrados, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
Infectious diseases, including the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic that has brought the world to a standstill, are emerging at an unprecedented rate with a substantial impact on public health and global economies. For many life-threatening global infectious diseases, such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, malaria and influenza, effective vaccinations are still lacking. There are numerous roadblocks to developing new vaccines, including a limited understanding of immune correlates of protection to these global infections. To induce a reproducible, strong immune response against difficult pathogens, sophisticated nanovaccine technologies are under investigation. In contrast to conventional vaccines, nanovaccines provide improved access to lymph nodes, optimal packing and presentation of antigens, and induction of a persistent immune response. This Review provides a perspective on the global trends in emerging nanoscale vaccines for infectious diseases and describes the biological, experimental and logistical problems associated with their development, and how immunoengineering can be leveraged to overcome these challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ankur Singh
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Kloc M, Uosef A, Kubiak JZ, Ghobrial RM. Macrophage Proinflammatory Responses to Microorganisms and Transplanted Organs. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249669. [PMID: 33352942 PMCID: PMC7766629 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue-resident macrophages and those conscripted from the blood/bone marrow are professional phagocytes. They play a role in tissue homeostasis, replacement, and healing, and are the first-line responders to microbial (viral, bacterial, and fungi) infections. Intrinsic ameboid-type motility allows non-resident macrophages to move to the site of inflammation or injury, where, in response to the inflammatory milieu they perform the anti-microbial and/or tissue repair functions. Depending on the need and the signaling from the surrounding tissue and other immune cells, macrophages acquire morphologically and functionally different phenotypes, which allow them to play either pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory functions. As such, the macrophages are also the major players in the rejection of the transplanted organs making an excellent target for the novel anti-rejection therapies in clinical transplantation. In this review, we describe some of the less covered aspects of macrophage response to microbial infection and organ transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Kloc
- The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (A.U.); (R.M.G.)
- Department of Surgery, The Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Genetics Houston, The University of Texas, Austin, TX 77030, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Ahmed Uosef
- The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (A.U.); (R.M.G.)
- Department of Surgery, The Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jacek Z. Kubiak
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology (WIHE), 01-163 Warsaw, Poland;
- Cell Cycle Group, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Development of Rennes (IGDR), University Rennes, UMR 6290, CNRS, 35043 Rennes, France
| | - Rafik M. Ghobrial
- The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (A.U.); (R.M.G.)
- Department of Surgery, The Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Kritselis M, Remick DG. Universal Precautions Provide Appropriate Protection during Autopsies of Patients with Infectious Diseases. Am J Pathol 2020; 190:2180-2184. [PMID: 32827462 PMCID: PMC7437536 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2020.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has raised concerns about the safety of laboratory personnel who handle tissue samples that harbor pathogens, including those performing autopsies. While pathologists have performed autopsies on infected decedents for centuries, universal precaution protocols for limiting exposure to pathogens were not developed until the 20th century. This article reviews the history and effectiveness of universal precautions, with an emphasis on performing autopsies on COVID-19 decedents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kritselis
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Daniel G Remick
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Crosby S, Younie S, Williamson I, Laird K. Evaluating approaches to designing effective Co-Created hand-hygiene interventions for children in India, Sierra Leone and the UK. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239234. [PMID: 32931509 PMCID: PMC7491735 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective and culturally appropriate hand-hygiene education is essential to promote health-related practices to control and prevent diseases such as Diarrhoea, Ebola and COVID-19. In this paper we outline and evaluate the Co-Creation processes underpinning a handwashing intervention for young children (A Germ's Journey) developed and delivered in India, Sierra Leone and the UK, and consider the implications surrounding Imperialist/Colonial discourse and the White Saviour Complex. The paper focuses both on the ways Co-Creation was conceptualised by our collaborators in all three countries and the catalysts and challenges encountered. Qualitative data have been drawn from in-depth interviews with five key stakeholders, focus group data from 37 teachers in Sierra Leone and responses to open-ended questionnaires completed by teachers in India (N = 66) and UK (N = 63). Data were analysed using thematic analysis and three themes, each with three constituent subthemes are presented. In the theme 'Representations of and Unique Approaches to Co-Creation' we explore the ways in which Co-Creation was constructed in relation to teamwork, innovative practice and more continuous models of evaluation. In 'Advantages of Co-Creation' we consider issues around shared ownership, improved outcomes and more meaningful insights alongside the mitigation of risks and short-circuiting of problems. In 'Challenges of Co-Creation' we discuss issues around timing and organisation, attracting and working with appropriate partners and understanding the importance of local context with inherent social, economic and structural barriers, especially in low-and-middle-income countries. We consider how theoretical elements of Co-Creation can inform effective international public health interventions; crucial during a global pandemic in which handwashing is the most effective method to control the transmission of COVID-19. Finally we reflect on some of the methodological challenges of our own work and in managing the potentially conflicting goals of the ethical and participatory values of Co-Creation with pragmatic considerations about ensuring an effective final 'product'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sapphire Crosby
- Institute for Research in Criminology, Community, Education and Social Justice, De Montfort University, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Younie
- Institute for Research in Criminology, Community, Education and Social Justice, De Montfort University, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Iain Williamson
- Institute for Psychological Science, De Montfort University, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Katie Laird
- Infectious Disease Research Group, Leicester Institute for Pharmaceutical Innovation, De Montfort University, Leicester, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infectious diseases are a cruel assassin with millions of victims around the world each year. Understanding infectious mechanism of viruses is indispensable for their inhibition. One of the best ways of unveiling this mechanism is to investigate the host-pathogen protein-protein interaction network. In this paper we try to disclose many properties of this network. We focus on human as host and integrate experimentally 32,859 interaction between human proteins and virus proteins from several databases. We investigate different properties of human proteins targeted by virus proteins and find that most of them have a considerable high centrality scores in human intra protein-protein interaction network. Investigating human proteins network properties which are targeted by different virus proteins can help us to design multipurpose drugs. RESULTS As host-pathogen protein-protein interaction network is a bipartite network and centrality measures for this type of networks are scarce, we proposed seven new centrality measures for analyzing bipartite networks. Applying them to different virus strains reveals unrandomness of attack strategies of virus proteins which could help us in drug design hence elevating the quality of life. They could also be used in detecting host essential proteins. Essential proteins are those whose functions are critical for survival of its host. One of the proposed centralities named diversity of predators, outperforms the other existing centralities in terms of detecting essential proteins and could be used as an optimal essential proteins' marker. CONCLUSIONS Different centralities were applied to analyze human protein-protein interaction network and to detect characteristics of human proteins targeted by virus proteins. Moreover, seven new centralities were proposed to analyze host-pathogen protein-protein interaction network and to detect pathogens' favorite host protein victims. Comparing different centralities in detecting essential proteins reveals that diversity of predator (one of the proposed centralities) is the best essential protein marker.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Babak Khorsand
- Computer Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Abdorreza Savadi
- Computer Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
- Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Azadi Square, Mashhad, 9177948974 Iran
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
The review covers select disease conditions most frequently described in aging rodents (rats, mice, hamsters, guinea pigs), rabbits, and ferrets. The conditions are categorized by general organ systems, infectious diseases, and neoplasms. Two data systems, the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital and Comparative Pathology Laboratory at the University of California, Davis and Zoo/Exotic Pathology Service, Citrus Heights, California were used in the determining disease conditions to describe.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Drury R Reavill
- ZNLabs Veterinary Diagnostics, 7647 Wachtel Way, Citrus Heights, CA 95610, USA.
| | - Denise M Imai
- Comparative Pathology Laboratory, University of California, 1000 Old Davis Road, Building R1, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Woldaregay AZ, Launonen IK, Årsand E, Albers D, Holubová A, Hartvigsen G. Toward Detecting Infection Incidence in People With Type 1 Diabetes Using Self-Recorded Data (Part 1): A Novel Framework for a Personalized Digital Infectious Disease Detection System. J Med Internet Res 2020; 22:e18911. [PMID: 32784178 PMCID: PMC7450374 DOI: 10.2196/18911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 1 diabetes is a chronic condition of blood glucose metabolic disorder caused by a lack of insulin secretion from pancreas cells. In people with type 1 diabetes, hyperglycemia often occurs upon infection incidences. Despite the fact that patients increasingly gather data about themselves, there are no solid findings that uncover the effect of infection incidences on key parameters of blood glucose dynamics to support the effort toward developing a digital infectious disease detection system. OBJECTIVE The study aims to retrospectively analyze the effect of infection incidence and pinpoint optimal parameters that can effectively be used as input variables for developing an infection detection algorithm and to provide a general framework regarding how a digital infectious disease detection system can be designed and developed using self-recorded data from people with type 1 diabetes as a secondary source of information. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed high precision self-recorded data of 10 patient-years captured within the longitudinal records of three people with type 1 diabetes. Obtaining such a rich and large data set from a large number of participants is extremely expensive and difficult to acquire, if not impossible. The data set incorporates blood glucose, insulin, carbohydrate, and self-reported events of infections. We investigated the temporal evolution and probability distribution of the key blood glucose parameters within a specified timeframe (weekly, daily, and hourly). RESULTS Our analysis demonstrated that upon infection incidence, there is a dramatic shift in the operating point of the individual blood glucose dynamics in all the timeframes (weekly, daily, and hourly), which clearly violates the usual norm of blood glucose dynamics. During regular or normal situations, higher insulin and reduced carbohydrate intake usually results in lower blood glucose levels. However, in all infection cases as opposed to the regular or normal days, blood glucose levels were elevated for a prolonged period despite higher insulin and reduced carbohydrates intake. For instance, compared with the preinfection and postinfection weeks, on average, blood glucose levels were elevated by 6.1% and 16%, insulin (bolus) was increased by 42% and 39.3%, and carbohydrate consumption was reduced by 19% and 28.1%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS We presented the effect of infection incidence on key parameters of blood glucose dynamics along with the necessary framework to exploit the information for realizing a digital infectious disease detection system. The results demonstrated that compared with regular or normal days, infection incidence substantially alters the norm of blood glucose dynamics, which are quite significant changes that could possibly be detected through personalized modeling, for example, prediction models and anomaly detection algorithms. Generally, we foresee that these findings can benefit the efforts toward building next generation digital infectious disease detection systems and provoke further thoughts in this challenging field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eirik Årsand
- Department of Computer Science, University of Tromsø - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - David Albers
- Department of Pediatrics, Informatics and Data Science, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Anna Holubová
- Department of ICT in Medicine, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Czech Technical University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Spin-off Company and Research Results Commercialization Center of the First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Gunnar Hartvigsen
- Department of Computer Science, University of Tromsø - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Carter B, Roland D, Bray L, Harris J, Pandey P, Fox J, Carrol ED, Neill S. A systematic review of the organizational, environmental, professional and child and family factors influencing the timing of admission to hospital for children with serious infectious illness. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236013. [PMID: 32702034 PMCID: PMC7377491 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Infection, particularly in the first 5 years of life, is a major cause of childhood deaths globally, many deaths from infections such as pneumonia and meningococcal disease are avoidable, if treated in time. Some factors that contribute to morbidity and mortality can be modified. These include organisational and environmental factors as well as those related to the child, family or professional. Objective Examine what organizational and environmental factors and individual child, family and professional factors affect timing of admission to hospital for children with a serious infectious illness. Design Systematic review. Data sources Key search terms were identified and used to search CINAHL Plus, Medline, ASSIA, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library, Joanna Briggs Institute Database of Systematic Review. Study appraisal methods Primary research (e.g. quantitative, qualitative and mixed methods studies) and literature reviews (e.g., systematic, scoping and narrative) were included if participants included or were restricted to children under 5 years of age with serious infectious illnesses, included parents and/or first contact health care professionals in primary care, urgent and emergency care and where the research had been conducted in OECD high income countries. The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool was used to review the methodological quality of the studies. Main findings Thirty-six papers were selected for full text review; 12 studies fitted the inclusion criteria. Factors influencing the timing of admission to hospital included the variability in children’s illness trajectories and pathways to hospital, parental recognition of symptoms and clinicians non-recognition of illness severity, parental help-seeking behaviour and clinician responses, access to services, use and non-use of ‘gut feeling’ by clinicians, and sub-optimal management within primary, secondary and tertiary services. Conclusions The pathways taken by children with a serious infectious illness to hospital are complex and influenced by a variety of potentially modifiable individual, organisational, environmental and contextual factors. Supportive, accessible, respectful services that provide continuity, clear communication, advice and safety-netting are important as is improved training for clinicians and a mandate to attend to ‘gut feeling’. Implications Relatively simple interventions such as improved communication have the potential to improve the quality of care and reduce morbidity and mortality in children with a serious infectious illness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bernie Carter
- Faculty of Health, Social Care and Medicine, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Damian Roland
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy Bray
- Faculty of Health, Social Care and Medicine, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, United Kingdom
| | - Jane Harris
- Faculty of Health, Public Health Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Poornima Pandey
- Children’s and Adolescent Services, Kettering General Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Kettering, United Kingdom
| | - Jo Fox
- Faculty of Health & Social Care, University of Chester, Chester, United Kingdom
| | - Enitan D. Carrol
- Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Neill
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
|
31
|
Binik A. What risks should be permissible in controlled human infection model studies? Bioethics 2020; 34:420-430. [PMID: 32115747 DOI: 10.1111/bioe.12736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Controlled human infection model (CHIM) studies involve the intentional exposure of healthy research volunteers to infectious agents. These studies contribute to knowledge about the cause or development of disease and to the advancement of vaccine research. But they also raise ethical questions about the kinds of risks that should be permissible and whether limits should be imposed on research risks in CHIM studies. Two possible risk thresholds have been considered for CHIM studies. The first suggests constraining ethically permissible risks according to a minimal risk threshold and the second endorses a higher risk threshold that excludes irreversible or fatal infections. I argue that neither of these thresholds is persuasive and situate questions about risk thresholds in CHIM studies within a broader debate about permissible risks in research. I argue that risks in CHIM studies should be constrained according to limits on research risks that do not offer corresponding benefits in all studies rather than developing a unique risk threshold for CHIM studies. I then propose five recommendations for the ethical assessment of risk in CHIM studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ariella Binik
- Department of Philosophy, McMaster University, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Kumar V, Bhatia A, Madaan GB, Marwah S, Nigam A. Role of Bone Marrow Examination in the Evaluation of Infections: Clinico-Hematological Analysis in a Tertiary Care Centre. Turk Patoloji Derg 2020; 36:17-22. [PMID: 31522489 PMCID: PMC10512670 DOI: 10.5146/tjpath.2019.01466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Bone marrow examination (BME) is an important modality for investigation of case of pyrexia of unknown origin (PUO). However, its yield in the diagnosis of infections has not been extensively studied and its role has not been well established. The aim of the study was to investigate the usefulness of BME and to evaluate the etiological and clinico-hematological profile in cases of bone marrow infections. MATERIAL AND METHOD This was a retrospective study where bone marrow cases were retrieved and a review of bone marrow findings with an infectious etiology from July 2014 to June 2018 was done. Detailed history, clinical examination and hematological parameters at presentation were recorded. Clinico-hematological correlation using descriptive statistics was performed. RESULTS The study included 55 cases, on analysis of which the maximum number of infections were those of leishmaniasis accounting for 35%, followed by HIV (29%) and tuberculosis (15%). Other etiological agents included fungal infections (histoplasmosis and aspergillosis), Enteric fever, Scrub typhus, parvovirus, falciparum malaria and filariasis. The most common clinical presentation was fever (80%) and the most common clinical finding was splenomegaly (66%). CONCLUSION Bone marrow examination is an important diagnostic tool to delineate etiological diagnosis in infectious conditions, particularly those presenting with PUO. Moreover, it is particularly important if urgent diagnosis is required or if alternate diagnostic modalities have not revealed a reason for PUO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kumar
- Department of Pathology, PGIMER, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Akanksha Bhatia
- Department of Pathology, PGIMER, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Garima Baweja Madaan
- Department of Pathology, PGIMER, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Sadhna Marwah
- Department of Pathology, PGIMER, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - As Nigam
- Department of Pathology, PGIMER, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Abstract
Maintaining sustainable ecosystems are important for all the inhabitants of earth. Also, an important component of sustainable ecosystems is the maintenance of healthy coexistence of consumers and their resources which can include diseases in the species involved. We formulate a model, where the resources are plants, to explore how consumer-resource coexistence could of itself limit the spread of infectious diseases. The important mathematical features of the model are discussed using the basic reproduction number and the consumption number. The results show an association between species coexistence and a decrease in ecosystem resource disease. The possible importance of these results are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J Duffy
- a Institute of Systems Science , Durban University of Technology , Durban , South Africa
| | - Obiora C Collins
- a Institute of Systems Science , Durban University of Technology , Durban , South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Abstract
Internationally renowned scientists gathered at the 2nd Human & Translational Immunology Conference in Kos, Greece, to discuss the latest advances in translational immunology, especially vaccinology, infectious diseases and tumor immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna E Galani
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Eynav Klechevsky
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, division of immunobiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Evangelos Andreakos
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Brezgin S, Kostyusheva A, Kostyushev D, Chulanov V. Dead Cas Systems: Types, Principles, and Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E6041. [PMID: 31801211 PMCID: PMC6929090 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20236041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The gene editing tool CRISPR-Cas has become the foundation for developing numerous molecular systems used in research and, increasingly, in medical practice. In particular, Cas proteins devoid of nucleolytic activity (dead Cas proteins; dCas) can be used to deliver functional cargo to programmed sites in the genome. In this review, we describe current CRISPR systems used for developing different dCas-based molecular approaches and summarize their most significant applications. We conclude with comments on the state-of-art in the CRISPR field and future directions.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- CRISPR-Associated Protein 9/genetics
- CRISPR-Associated Protein 9/metabolism
- CRISPR-Cas Systems
- Chromatin/chemistry
- Chromatin/metabolism
- Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats
- Communicable Diseases/genetics
- Communicable Diseases/metabolism
- Communicable Diseases/pathology
- Communicable Diseases/therapy
- DNA Methylation
- Epigenesis, Genetic
- Gene Editing/methods
- Genetic Diseases, Inborn/genetics
- Genetic Diseases, Inborn/metabolism
- Genetic Diseases, Inborn/pathology
- Genetic Diseases, Inborn/therapy
- Genome, Human
- Histones/genetics
- Histones/metabolism
- Humans
- Inflammation/genetics
- Inflammation/metabolism
- Inflammation/pathology
- Inflammation/therapy
- Neoplasms/genetics
- Neoplasms/metabolism
- Neoplasms/pathology
- Neoplasms/therapy
- RNA, Guide, CRISPR-Cas Systems/genetics
- RNA, Guide, CRISPR-Cas Systems/metabolism
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Brezgin
- National Medical Research Center of Tuberculosis and Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Health, Moscow 127994, Russia; (S.B.); (A.K.); (V.C.)
- Institute of Immunology, Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow 115522, Russia
| | - Anastasiya Kostyusheva
- National Medical Research Center of Tuberculosis and Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Health, Moscow 127994, Russia; (S.B.); (A.K.); (V.C.)
| | - Dmitry Kostyushev
- National Medical Research Center of Tuberculosis and Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Health, Moscow 127994, Russia; (S.B.); (A.K.); (V.C.)
| | - Vladimir Chulanov
- National Medical Research Center of Tuberculosis and Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Health, Moscow 127994, Russia; (S.B.); (A.K.); (V.C.)
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119146, Russia
- Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Moscow 111123, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This article discusses select helminthic parasitic infections that may affect the central nervous system and reviews the epidemiology, neurologic presentation, recommended diagnostic testing, and treatment approach to these infections. RECENT FINDINGS Emigration from and travel to areas endemic for helminthic infections that affect the nervous system has led to increased incidence of parasitic neurologic disease in developed countries, necessitating that neurologists be familiar with the diagnostic and therapeutic approach to these diseases. Evidence is emerging on the optimal treatment for neurocysticercosis, which varies based on the form of the disease in the nervous system. SUMMARY Parenchymal neurocysticercosis is a leading cause of acquired epilepsy worldwide, and extraparenchymal neurocysticercosis is responsible for many cases of hydrocephalus. Recognition of the different stages and locations of neurocysticercosis is essential for proper management. Similarly, schistosomiasis constitutes a major cause of myelopathy in endemic areas and requires prompt diagnosis and treatment to avoid permanent deficits.
Collapse
|
37
|
Abstract
Host genetic variation has a major impact on infectious disease susceptibility. The study of pathogen resistance genes, largely aided by mouse models, has significantly advanced our understanding of infectious disease pathogenesis. The Collaborative Cross (CC), a newly developed multi-parental mouse genetic reference population, serves as a tractable model system to study how pathogens interact with genetically diverse populations. In this review, we summarize progress utilizing the CC as a platform to develop improved models of pathogen-induced disease and to map polymorphic host response loci associated with variation in susceptibility to pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey E Noll
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Martin T Ferris
- Department of Genetics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Mark T Heise
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Genetics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Henriques da Silva R, Ferreira Júnior WS, Muniz de Medeiros P, Albuquerque UP. Adaptive memory and evolution of the human naturalistic mind: Insights from the use of medicinal plants. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214300. [PMID: 30913230 PMCID: PMC6435313 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Throughout evolutionary history, humans have been exposed to a wide variety of diseases, some of which have serious and even lethal consequences. Memorizing medicinal plants for the treatment of serious diseases likely maximized the chances of survival and reproduction and was instrumental in the evolutionary success of our species. In the present study, we used the idea of adaptive memory to understand whether human memory evolved to recall information about medicinal plants for the treatment of serious diseases. We considered plant-disease pairs of words as units of information available in a medical system based on the use of medicinal plants. The pairs included in the categories of chronic infectious diseases and transmissible infectious diseases were considered to be of higher adaptive value, whereas those included in the category of common conditions were considered to be of lower adaptive value. Pairs grouped into the category of emerging and reemerging diseases were employed to investigate conformity bias; pairs belonging to the category esthetic uses were considered to be of little adaptive relevance and utilized as an experimental control. Our results revealed that plant-disease pairs associated with the category of common conditions, considered by us to be of lower severity and less adaptive relevance for humans, were better remembered and retained in the participants' memory. We believe that prior experience with common conditions and the frequency of these conditions in the population may have intensified the ability to remember the plant-disease pairs associated with this group of diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Risoneide Henriques da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Evolução de Sistemas Socioecológicos (LEA), Centro de Biociências, Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | - Patrícia Muniz de Medeiros
- Grupo de Etnobiologia e Ecologia Humana, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Rio Largo, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Ulysses Paulino Albuquerque
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Evolução de Sistemas Socioecológicos (LEA), Centro de Biociências, Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Wei X, Beltrán-Gastélum M, Karshalev E, de Ávila BEF, Zhou J, Ran D, Angsantikul P, Fang RH, Wang J, Zhang L. Biomimetic Micromotor Enables Active Delivery of Antigens for Oral Vaccination. Nano Lett 2019; 19:1914-1921. [PMID: 30724085 PMCID: PMC6451690 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b05051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Vaccination represents one of the most effective means of preventing infectious disease. In order to maximize the utility of vaccines, highly potent formulations that are easy to administer and promote high patient compliance are desired. In the present work, a biomimetic self-propelling micromotor formulation is developed for use as an oral antivirulence vaccine. The propulsion is provided by a magnesium-based core, and a biomimetic cell membrane coating is used to detain and neutralize a toxic antigenic payload. The resulting motor toxoids leverage their propulsion properties in order to more effectively elicit mucosal immune responses. After demonstrating the successful fabrication of the motor toxoids, their uptake properties are shown in vitro. When delivered to mice via an oral route, it is then confirmed that the propulsion greatly improves retention and uptake of the antigenic material in the small intestine in vivo. Ultimately, this translates into markedly elevated generation of antibody titers against a model toxin. This work provides a proof-of-concept highlighting the benefits of active oral delivery for vaccine development, opening the door for a new set of applications, in which biomimetic motor technology can provide significant benefits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Emil Karshalev
- Department of NanoEngineering and Chemical Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, U.S.A
| | | | - Jiarong Zhou
- Department of NanoEngineering and Chemical Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, U.S.A
| | - Danni Ran
- Department of NanoEngineering and Chemical Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, U.S.A
| | - Pavimol Angsantikul
- Department of NanoEngineering and Chemical Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, U.S.A
| | - Ronnie H. Fang
- Department of NanoEngineering and Chemical Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, U.S.A
| | - Joseph Wang
- Department of NanoEngineering and Chemical Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, U.S.A
| | - Liangfang Zhang
- Department of NanoEngineering and Chemical Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Young LS, Ruschel S, Yanchuk S, Pereira T. Consequences of delays and imperfect implementation of isolation in epidemic control. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3505. [PMID: 30837533 PMCID: PMC6401305 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39714-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
For centuries isolation has been the main control strategy of unforeseen epidemic outbreaks. When implemented in full and without delay, isolation is very effective. However, flawless implementation is seldom feasible in practice. We present an epidemic model called SIQ with an isolation protocol, focusing on the consequences of delays and incomplete identification of infected hosts. The continuum limit of this model is a system of Delay Differential Equations, the analysis of which reveals clearly the dependence of epidemic evolution on model parameters including disease reproductive number, isolation probability, speed of identification of infected hosts and recovery rates. Our model offers estimates on minimum response capabilities needed to curb outbreaks, and predictions of endemic states when containment fails. Critical response capability is expressed explicitly in terms of parameters that are easy to obtain, to assist in the evaluation of funding priorities involving preparedness and epidemics management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lai-Sang Young
- Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York University, New York, USA
| | - Stefan Ruschel
- Institut für Mathematik, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Serhiy Yanchuk
- Institut für Mathematik, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tiago Pereira
- Instituto de Ciencias Matemáticas e Computação, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil.
- Department of Mathematics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Abstract
Leptin, a pleiotropic protein has long been recognized to play an important role in the regulation of energy homeostasis, metabolism, neuroendocrine function, and other physiological functions through its effects on the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral tissues. Leptin is secreted by adipose tissue and encoded by the obese (ob) gene. Leptin acts as a central mediator which regulates immunity as well as nutrition. Importantly, leptin can modulate both innate and adaptive immune responses. Leptin deficiency/resistance is associated with dysregulation of cytokine production, increased susceptibility toward infectious diseases, autoimmune disorders, malnutrition and inflammatory responses. Malnutrition induces a state of immunodeficiency and an inclination to death from communicable diseases. Infectious diseases are the disease of poor who invariably suffer from malnutrition that could result from reduced serum leptin levels. Thus, leptin has been placed at the center of many interrelated functions in various pathogenic conditions, such as bacterial, viruses and parasitic infections. We review herein, the recent advances on the role of leptin in malnutrition in pathogenesis of infectious diseases with a particular emphasis on parasitic diseases such as Leishmaniasis, Trypanosomiasis, Amoebiasis, and Malaria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Radheshyam Maurya
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Science, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Parna Bhattacharya
- Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Ranadhir Dey
- Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Hira L. Nakhasi
- Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Stein ML, Buskens V, van der Heijden PGM, van Steenbergen JE, Wong A, Bootsma MCJ, Kretzschmar MEE. A stochastic simulation model to study respondent-driven recruitment. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0207507. [PMID: 30440047 PMCID: PMC6237413 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Respondent-driven detection is a chain recruitment method used to sample contact persons of infected persons in order to enhance case finding. It starts with initial individuals, so-called seeds, who are invited for participation. Afterwards, seeds receive a fixed number of coupons to invite individuals with whom they had contact during a specific time period. Recruitees are then asked to do the same, resulting in successive waves of contact persons who are connected in one recruitment tree. However, often the majority of participants fail to invite others, or invitees do not accept an invitation, and recruitment stops after several waves. A mathematical model can help to analyse how various factors influence peer recruitment and to understand under which circumstances sustainable recruitment is possible. We implemented a stochastic simulation model, where parameters were suggested by empirical data from an online survey, to determine the thresholds for obtaining large recruitment trees and the number of waves needed to reach a steady state in the sample composition for individual characteristics. We also examined the relationship between mean and variance of the number of invitations sent out by participants and the probability of obtaining a large recruitment tree. Our main finding is that a situation where participants send out any number of coupons between one and the maximum number is more effective in reaching large recruitment trees, compared to a situation where the majority of participants does not send out any invitations and a smaller group sends out the maximum number of invitations. The presented model is a helpful tool that can assist public health professionals in preparing research and contact tracing using online respondent-driven detection. In particular, it can provide information on the required minimum number of successfully sent invitations to reach large recruitment trees, a certain sample composition or certain number of waves.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mart L. Stein
- National Coordination Centre for Communicable Disease Control, Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent Buskens
- Department of Sociology, Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, University Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Peter G. M. van der Heijden
- Department of Methodology and Statistics, Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, University Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Southampton Statistical Sciences Research Institute, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Jim E. van Steenbergen
- National Coordination Centre for Communicable Disease Control, Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Centre of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Albert Wong
- Department of Statistics, Informatics and Mathematical Modelling, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Martin C. J. Bootsma
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mirjam E. E. Kretzschmar
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Centre for Infectious, Disease Control, RIVM, Bilthoven, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Hodel NC, Hamad A, Praehauser C, Mwangoka G, Kasella IM, Reither K, Abdulla S, Hatz CFR, Mayr M. The epidemiology of chronic kidney disease and the association with non-communicable and communicable disorders in a population of sub-Saharan Africa. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205326. [PMID: 30379902 PMCID: PMC6209178 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), epidemiological data for chronic kidney disease (CKD) are scarce. We conducted a prospective cross-sectional study including 952 patients in an outpatient clinic in Tanzania to explore CKD prevalence estimates and the association with cardiovascular and infectious disorders. According to KDIGO, we measured albumin-to-creatinine ratio and calculated eGFR using CKD-EPI formula. Factors associated with CKD were calculated by logistic regression. Venn diagrams were modelled to visualize interaction between associated factors and CKD. Overall, the estimated CKD prevalence was 13.6% (95% CI 11-16%). Ninety-eight patients (11.2%) (95% CI 9-14%) were categorized as moderate, 12 (1.4%) (95% CI 0-4%) as high, and 9 (1%) (95% CI 0-3%) as very high risk according to KDIGO. History of tuberculosis (OR 3.75, 95% CI 1.66-8.18; p = 0.001) and schistosomiasis (OR 2.49, 95% CI 1.13-5.18; p = 0.02) were associated with CKD. A trend was seen for increasing systolic blood pressure (OR 1.02 per 1 mmHg, 95% CI 1.00-1.03; p = 0.01). Increasing BMI (OR 0.92 per 1kg/m2, 95% CI 0.88-0.96; p = <0.001) and haemoglobin (OR 0.82 per 1g/dL, 95% CI 0.72-0.94; p = 0.004) were associated with risk reduction. Diabetes was associated with albuminuria (OR 2.81, 95% CI 1.26-6.00; p = 0.009). In 85% of all CKD cases at least one of the four most common factors (hypertension, diabetes, anaemia, and history of tuberculosis or schistosomiasis) was associated with CKD. A singular associated factor was found in 61%, two in 14%, and ≥3 in 10% of all CKD cases. We observed a high prevalence estimate for CKD and found that both classical cardiovascular and neglected infectious diseases might be associated with CKD in a semi-rural population of SSA. Our finding provides further evidence for the hypothesis that the "double burden" of non-communicable and endemic infectious diseases might affect kidney health in SSA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai C. Hodel
- Medical Outpatient Department, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ali Hamad
- Ifakara Health Institute, Dar es Salaam/Bagamoyo, Tanzania
| | - Claudia Praehauser
- Medical Outpatient Department, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Grace Mwangoka
- Ifakara Health Institute, Dar es Salaam/Bagamoyo, Tanzania
| | | | - Klaus Reither
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- Ifakara Health Institute, Dar es Salaam/Bagamoyo, Tanzania
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Salim Abdulla
- Ifakara Health Institute, Dar es Salaam/Bagamoyo, Tanzania
| | - Christoph F. R. Hatz
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Mayr
- Medical Outpatient Department, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Díaz-Delgado J, Fernández A, Sierra E, Sacchini S, Andrada M, Vela AI, Quesada-Canales Ó, Paz Y, Zucca D, Groch K, Arbelo M. Pathologic findings and causes of death of stranded cetaceans in the Canary Islands (2006-2012). PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204444. [PMID: 30289951 PMCID: PMC6173391 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This study describes the pathologic findings and most probable causes of death (CD) of 224 cetaceans stranded along the coastline of the Canary Islands (Spain) over a 7-year period, 2006-2012. Most probable CD, grouped as pathologic categories (PCs), was identified in 208/224 (92.8%) examined animals. Within natural PCs, those associated with good nutritional status represented 70/208 (33.6%), whereas, those associated with significant loss of nutritional status represented 49/208 (23.5%). Fatal intra- and interspecific traumatic interactions were 37/208 (17.8%). Vessel collisions included 24/208 (11.5%). Neonatal/perinatal pathology involved 13/208 (6.2%). Fatal interaction with fishing activities comprised 10/208 (4.8%). Within anthropogenic PCs, foreign body-associated pathology represented 5/208 (2.4%). A CD could not be determined in 16/208 (7.7%) cases. Natural PCs were dominated by infectious and parasitic disease processes. Herein, our results suggest that between 2006 and 2012, in the Canary Islands, direct human activity appeared responsible for 19% of cetaceans deaths, while natural pathologies accounted for 81%. These results, integrating novel findings and published reports, aid in delineating baseline knowledge on cetacean pathology and may be of value to rehabilitators, caregivers, diagnosticians and future conservation policies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josué Díaz-Delgado
- Veterinary Histology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Health and Food Hygiene (IUSA), University of Las Palmas of Gran Canaria, Las Palmas of Gran Canaria, Spain
- Wildlife Comparative Pathology Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio Fernández
- Veterinary Histology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Health and Food Hygiene (IUSA), University of Las Palmas of Gran Canaria, Las Palmas of Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Eva Sierra
- Veterinary Histology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Health and Food Hygiene (IUSA), University of Las Palmas of Gran Canaria, Las Palmas of Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Simona Sacchini
- Veterinary Histology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Health and Food Hygiene (IUSA), University of Las Palmas of Gran Canaria, Las Palmas of Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Marisa Andrada
- Veterinary Histology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Health and Food Hygiene (IUSA), University of Las Palmas of Gran Canaria, Las Palmas of Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Ana Isabel Vela
- Department of Animal Health, Veterinary College, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Vigilancia Sanitaria Veterinaria (VISAVET). Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Óscar Quesada-Canales
- Veterinary Histology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Health and Food Hygiene (IUSA), University of Las Palmas of Gran Canaria, Las Palmas of Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Yania Paz
- Veterinary Histology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Health and Food Hygiene (IUSA), University of Las Palmas of Gran Canaria, Las Palmas of Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Daniele Zucca
- Veterinary Histology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Health and Food Hygiene (IUSA), University of Las Palmas of Gran Canaria, Las Palmas of Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Kátia Groch
- Wildlife Comparative Pathology Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Manuel Arbelo
- Veterinary Histology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Health and Food Hygiene (IUSA), University of Las Palmas of Gran Canaria, Las Palmas of Gran Canaria, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
|
46
|
Sarwar MR, Saqib A, Iftikhar S, Sadiq T. Antimicrobial use by WHO methodology at primary health care centers: a cross sectional study in Punjab, Pakistan. BMC Infect Dis 2018; 18:492. [PMID: 30268106 PMCID: PMC6162939 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-018-3407-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the antimicrobial (AM) use and prescribing patterns at primary health care centers (PHCCs) in Punjab, Pakistan. METHODS A cross-sectional study was designed according to the World Health Organization (WHO) methodology for AM usage from January, 2017 to June, 2017. Standard data collection forms designed by the WHO were used to collect the data from 32 PHCCs (16 rural healthcare centers (RHCs) and 16 basic health units (BHUs)) in Punjab province of Pakistan. PHCCs were randomly selected from 8 main cities. The study sample consisted of prescription records of 6400 outpatients (200 prescriptions records from each PHCC) and 800 inpatients (25 inpatient records from each PHCC). Data of the year 2016 were collected retrospectively by using systematic random sampling technique and analyzed through SPSS. RESULTS Among the hospital indicators, standard treatment guidelines (STGs) regarding the infectious diseases were not available in PHCCs. Number of days during which key AMs were out of stock was 12.1 days per month (range = 3.1-19.2). Out of total PHCC medicines costs, expenditures on AMs were 26.2% (range = 17.1-39.0). In case of prescribing indicators, the average number of AMs per prescription was 1.4 (range = 1.1-1.7), percentage of prescriptions prescribed with AMs was 81.5% (range = 68.9-89.1) and duration of AM treatment on average was 5.1 days per patient (range = 3.3-6.4). Average cost of prescribed AMs per patient was 1.3 USD (range = 0.6-4.3). The PHCCs prescribed a median of 5 (range = 3-9) types of AMs, including 10 (range = 5-15) individual agents. Out of 79.3% prescriptions of outpatients prescribed with AMs, only 16.4% were properly prescribed. Out of 100% prescriptions of inpatients prescribed with AMs, 12.1% were properly prescribed. Out of all the AM prescriptions 23.6% contained penicillins, 20.1% contained cephalosporins and 19.4% contained fluoroquinolones Metronidazole (18.0%), ciprofloxacin (16.5%) and co-amoxiclav (14.3%) were most commonly prescribed AMs. CONCLUSIONS In PHCCs, AMs were prescribed more frequently. However large proportions of these prescriptions were inappropriate. Continuous education and training of medical staff and cost effective policies could play an important role in promotion of rational use of AMs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Rehan Sarwar
- Department of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan
- Akhtar Saeed College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Anum Saqib
- Department of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Sadia Iftikhar
- Akhtar Saeed College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Tayyaba Sadiq
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Garcia-Carbonero N, Li W, Cabeza-Morales M, Martinez-Useros J, Garcia-Foncillas J. New Hope for Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Treatment Targeting Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Response: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2468. [PMID: 30134550 PMCID: PMC6165247 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal types of tumours, and its incidence is rising worldwide. Although survival can be improved by surgical resection when these tumours are detected at an early stage, this cancer is usually asymptomatic, and disease only becomes apparent after metastasis. Several risk factors are associated with this disease, the most relevant being chronic pancreatitis, diabetes, tobacco and alcohol intake, cadmium, arsenic and lead exposure, certain infectious diseases, and the mutational status of some genes associated to a familial component. PDAC incidence has increased in recent decades, and there are few alternatives for chemotherapeutic treatment. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress factors such as GRP78/BiP (78 kDa glucose-regulated protein), ATF6α (activating transcription factor 6 isoform α), IRE1α (inositol-requiring enzyme 1 isoform α), and PERK (protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase) activate the transcription of several genes involved in both survival and apoptosis. Some of these factors aid in inducing a non-proliferative state in cancer called dormancy. Modulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress could induce dormancy of tumour cells, thus prolonging patient survival. In this systematic review, we have compiled relevant results concerning those endoplasmic reticulum stress factors involved in PDAC, and we have analysed the mechanism of dormancy associated to endoplasmic reticulum stress and its potential use as a chemotherapeutic target against PDAC.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Activating Transcription Factor 6/genetics
- Activating Transcription Factor 6/metabolism
- Animals
- Antibodies/pharmacology
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/etiology
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/genetics
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/therapy
- Communicable Diseases/complications
- Communicable Diseases/genetics
- Communicable Diseases/metabolism
- Communicable Diseases/pathology
- Deoxycytidine/analogs & derivatives
- Deoxycytidine/pharmacology
- Diabetes Complications/genetics
- Diabetes Complications/metabolism
- Diabetes Complications/pathology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperone BiP
- Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress/drug effects
- Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress/genetics
- Endoribonucleases/genetics
- Endoribonucleases/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Heat-Shock Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Heat-Shock Proteins/genetics
- Heat-Shock Proteins/metabolism
- Humans
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/etiology
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/genetics
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/metabolism
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/therapy
- Pancreatitis, Chronic/complications
- Pancreatitis, Chronic/genetics
- Pancreatitis, Chronic/metabolism
- Pancreatitis, Chronic/pathology
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism
- Risk Factors
- Sulfones/pharmacology
- eIF-2 Kinase/genetics
- eIF-2 Kinase/metabolism
- Gemcitabine
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Garcia-Carbonero
- Translational Oncology Division, OncoHealth Institute, Health Research Institute-University Hospital Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, Avda Reyes Catolicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Weiyao Li
- Translational Oncology Division, OncoHealth Institute, Health Research Institute-University Hospital Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, Avda Reyes Catolicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Marticela Cabeza-Morales
- Translational Oncology Division, OncoHealth Institute, Health Research Institute-University Hospital Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, Avda Reyes Catolicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Javier Martinez-Useros
- Translational Oncology Division, OncoHealth Institute, Health Research Institute-University Hospital Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, Avda Reyes Catolicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Jesus Garcia-Foncillas
- Translational Oncology Division, OncoHealth Institute, Health Research Institute-University Hospital Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, Avda Reyes Catolicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Rodríguez Y, Rojas M, Pacheco Y, Acosta-Ampudia Y, Ramírez-Santana C, Monsalve DM, Gershwin ME, Anaya JM. Guillain-Barré syndrome, transverse myelitis and infectious diseases. Cell Mol Immunol 2018; 15:547-562. [PMID: 29375121 PMCID: PMC6079071 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2017.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) and transverse myelitis (TM) both represent immunologically mediated polyneuropathies of major clinical importance. Both are thought to have a genetic predisposition, but as of yet no specific genetic risk loci have been clearly defined. Both are considered autoimmune, but again the etiologies remain enigmatic. Both may be induced via molecular mimicry, particularly from infectious agents and vaccines, but clearly host factor and co-founding host responses will modulate disease susceptibility and natural history. GBS is an acute inflammatory immune-mediated polyradiculoneuropathy characterized by tingling, progressive weakness, autonomic dysfunction, and pain. Immune injury specifically takes place at the myelin sheath and related Schwann-cell components in acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, whereas in acute motor axonal neuropathy membranes on the nerve axon (the axolemma) are the primary target for immune-related injury. Outbreaks of GBS have been reported, most frequently related to Campylobacter jejuni infection, however, other agents such as Zika Virus have been strongly associated. Patients with GBS related to infections frequently produce antibodies against human peripheral nerve gangliosides. In contrast, TM is an inflammatory disorder characterized by acute or subacute motor, sensory, and autonomic spinal cord dysfunction. There is interruption of ascending and descending neuroanatomical pathways on the transverse plane of the spinal cord similar to GBS. It has been suggested to be triggered by infectious agents and molecular mimicry. In this review, we will focus on the putative role of infectious agents as triggering factors of GBS and TM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yhojan Rodríguez
- Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research (CREA), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Manuel Rojas
- Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research (CREA), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Yovana Pacheco
- Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research (CREA), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Yeny Acosta-Ampudia
- Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research (CREA), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Carolina Ramírez-Santana
- Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research (CREA), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Diana M Monsalve
- Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research (CREA), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, Colombia
| | - M Eric Gershwin
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California Davis, School of Medicine, Davis, USA, CA
| | - Juan-Manuel Anaya
- Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research (CREA), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, Colombia.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Stelekati E, Chen Z, Manne S, Kurachi M, Ali MA, Lewy K, Cai Z, Nzingha K, McLane LM, Hope JL, Fike AJ, Katsikis PD, Wherry EJ. Long-Term Persistence of Exhausted CD8 T Cells in Chronic Infection Is Regulated by MicroRNA-155. Cell Rep 2018; 23:2142-2156. [PMID: 29768211 PMCID: PMC5986283 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent viral infections and tumors drive development of exhausted T (TEX) cells. In these settings, TEX cells establish an important host-pathogen or host-tumor stalemate. However, TEX cells erode over time, leading to loss of pathogen or cancer containment. We identified microRNA (miR)-155 as a key regulator of sustained TEX cell responses during chronic lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection. Genetic deficiency of miR-155 ablated CD8 T cell responses during chronic infection. Conversely, enhanced miR-155 expression promoted expansion and long-term persistence of TEX cells. However, rather than strictly antagonizing exhaustion, miR-155 promoted a terminal TEX cell subset. Transcriptional profiling identified coordinated control of cell signaling and transcription factor pathways, including the key AP-1 family member Fosl2. Overexpression of Fosl2 reversed the miR-155 effects, identifying a link between miR-155 and the AP-1 transcriptional program in regulating TEX cells. Thus, we identify a mechanism of miR-155 regulation of TEX cells and a key role for Fosl2 in T cell exhaustion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erietta Stelekati
- Department of Microbiology and Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Zeyu Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sasikanth Manne
- Department of Microbiology and Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Makoto Kurachi
- Department of Microbiology and Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Mohammed-Alkhatim Ali
- Department of Microbiology and Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Keith Lewy
- Department of Microbiology and Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Zhangying Cai
- Department of Microbiology and Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Kito Nzingha
- Department of Microbiology and Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Laura M McLane
- Department of Microbiology and Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jennifer L Hope
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Adam J Fike
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Peter D Katsikis
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - E John Wherry
- Department of Microbiology and Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Sharma S, LeClaire M, Gimzewski JK. Ascent of atomic force microscopy as a nanoanalytical tool for exosomes and other extracellular vesicles. Nanotechnology 2018; 29:132001. [PMID: 29376505 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aaab06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Over the last 30 years, atomic force microscopy (AFM) has made several significant contributions to the field of biology and medicine. In this review, we draw our attention to the recent applications and promise of AFM as a high-resolution imaging and force sensing technology for probing subcellular vesicles: exosomes and other extracellular vesicles. Exosomes are naturally occurring nanoparticles found in several body fluids such as blood, saliva, cerebrospinal fluid, amniotic fluid and urine. Exosomes mediate cell-cell communication, transport proteins and genetic content between distant cells, and are now known to play important roles in progression of diseases such as cancers, neurodegenerative disorders and infectious diseases. Because exosomes are smaller than 100 nm (about 30-120 nm), the structural and molecular characterization of these vesicles at the individual level has been challenging. AFM has revealed a new degree of complexity in these nanosized vesicles and generated growing interest as a nanoscale tool for characterizing the abundance, morphology, biomechanics, and biomolecular make-up of exosomes. With the recent interest in exosomes for diagnostic and therapeutic applications, AFM-based characterization promises to contribute towards improved understanding of these particles at the single vesicle and sub-vesicular levels. When coupled with complementary methods like optical super resolution STED and Raman, AFM could further unlock the potential of exosomes as disease biomarkers and as therapeutic agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Sharma
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States of America
| | | | | |
Collapse
|