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Mariën J, Sage M, Bangura U, Lamé A, Koropogui M, Rieger T, Soropogui B, Douno M, Magassouba N, Fichet-Calvet E. Rodent control strategies and Lassa virus: some unexpected effects in Guinea, West Africa. Emerg Microbes Infect 2024; 13:2341141. [PMID: 38597241 PMCID: PMC11034454 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2341141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
The Natal multimammate mouse (Mastomys natalensis) is the host of Lassa mammarenavirus, causing Lassa haemorrhagic fever in West Africa. As there is currently no operational vaccine and therapeutic drugs are limited, we explored rodent control as an alternative to prevent Lassa virus spillover in Upper Guinea, where the disease is highly endemic in rural areas. In a seven-year experiment, we distributed rodenticides for 10-30 days once a year and, in the last year, added intensive snap trapping for three months in all the houses of one village. We also captured rodents both before and after the intervention period to assess their effectiveness by examining alterations in trapping success and infection rates (Lassa virus RNA and IgG antibodies). We found that both interventions reduced the rodent population by 74-92% but swiftly rebounded to pre-treatment levels, even already six months after the last snap-trapping control. Furthermore, while we observed that chemical control modestly decreased Lassa virus infection rates annually (a reduction of 5% in seroprevalence per year), the intensive trapping unexpectedly led to a significantly higher infection rate (from a seroprevalence of 28% before to 67% after snap trapping control). After seven years, we conclude that annual chemical control, alone or with intensive trapping, is ineffective and sometimes counterproductive in preventing Lassa virus spillover in rural villages. These unexpected findings may result from density-dependent breeding compensation following culling and the survival of a small percentage of chronically infected rodents that may spread the virus to a new susceptible generation of mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Mariën
- Evolutionary Ecology group, Department of Biology University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Virus Ecology unit, Department of Biomedical sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Mickaël Sage
- Faune INNOV’ R&D – Wildlife INNOVATION, Besançon, France
| | - Umaru Bangura
- Implementation Research, Zoonoses Control group, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alicia Lamé
- Faune INNOV’ R&D – Wildlife INNOVATION, Besançon, France
| | - Michel Koropogui
- Projet des fièvres Hémorragiques en Guinée, Laboratoire de Virologie, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Toni Rieger
- Department of Virology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Barré Soropogui
- Projet des fièvres Hémorragiques en Guinée, Laboratoire de Virologie, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Moussa Douno
- Projet des fièvres Hémorragiques en Guinée, Laboratoire de Virologie, Conakry, Guinea
| | - N’Faly Magassouba
- Projet des fièvres Hémorragiques en Guinée, Laboratoire de Virologie, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Elisabeth Fichet-Calvet
- Implementation Research, Zoonoses Control group, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
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Akoi Boré J, Timothy JWS, Tipton T, Kekoura I, Hall Y, Hood G, Longet S, Fornace K, Lucien MS, Fehling SK, Koivogui BK, Coggins SA, Laing ED, Broder CC, Magassouba NF, Strecker T, Rossman J, Konde K, Carroll MW. Serological evidence of zoonotic filovirus exposure among bushmeat hunters in Guinea. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4171. [PMID: 38755147 PMCID: PMC11099012 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48587-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Human Ebola virus (EBOV) outbreaks caused by persistent EBOV infection raises questions on the role of zoonotic spillover in filovirus epidemiology. To characterise filovirus zoonotic exposure, we collected cross-sectional serum samples from bushmeat hunters (n = 498) in Macenta Prefecture Guinea, adjacent to the index site of the 2013 EBOV-Makona spillover event. We identified distinct immune signatures (20/498, 4.0%) to multiple EBOV antigens (GP, NP, VP40) using stepwise ELISA and Western blot analysis and, live EBOV neutralisation (5/20; 25%). Using comparative serological data from PCR-confirmed survivors of the 2013-2016 EBOV outbreak, we demonstrated that most signatures (15/20) were not plausibly explained by prior EBOV-Makona exposure. Subsequent data-driven modelling of EBOV immunological outcomes to remote-sensing environmental data also revealed consistent associations with intact closed canopy forest. Together our findings suggest exposure to other closely related filoviruses prior to the 2013-2016 West Africa epidemic and highlight future surveillance priorities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joseph W S Timothy
- Faulty of Infectious & Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Tom Tipton
- Centre for Human Genetics & Pandemic Sciences Inst, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ifono Kekoura
- Ministère de la Santé et de l'hygiène publique, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Yper Hall
- UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, UK
| | - Grace Hood
- Centre for Human Genetics & Pandemic Sciences Inst, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Stephanie Longet
- Centre for Human Genetics & Pandemic Sciences Inst, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kimberly Fornace
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | | | - Si'Ana A Coggins
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University, MD, USA
| | - Eric D Laing
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University, MD, USA
| | - Christopher C Broder
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University, MD, USA
| | | | - Thomas Strecker
- Institute of Virology, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Jeremy Rossman
- School of Bioscience, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | - Kader Konde
- Centre for Training and Research on Priority Diseases including Malaria in Guinea, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Miles W Carroll
- Centre for Human Genetics & Pandemic Sciences Inst, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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Laverdure S, Kazadi D, Kone K, Callier V, Dabitao D, Dennis D, Haidara MC, Hunsberger S, Mbaya OT, Ridzon R, Sereti I, Shaw-Saliba K. SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in vaccine-naïve participants from the Democratic Republic of Congo, Guinea, Liberia, and Mali. Int J Infect Dis 2024; 142:106985. [PMID: 38417612 PMCID: PMC11100347 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2024.106985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The InVITE study, starting in August 2021, was designed to examine the immunogenicity of different vaccine regimens in several countries including the Democratic Republic of Congo, Guinea, Liberia, and Mali. Prevaccination baseline samples were used to obtain estimates of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection in the study population. METHODS Adult participants were enrolled upon receipt of their initial COVID-19 vaccine from August 2021 to June 2022. Demographic and comorbidity data were collected at the time of baseline sample collection. SARS-CoV-2 serum anti-Spike and anti-Nucleocapsid antibody levels were measured. RESULTS Samples tested included 1016, 375, 663, and 776, from DRC, Guinea, Liberia, and Mali, respectively. Only 0.8% of participants reported a prior positive SARS-CoV-2 test, while 83% and 68% had anti-Spike and anti-Nucleocapsid antibodies, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Overall SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence was 86% over the accrual period, suggesting a high prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Low rates of prior positive test results may be explained by asymptomatic infections, limited access to SARS-CoV-2 test kits and health care, and inadequate surveillance. These seroprevalence rates are from a convenience sample and may not be representative of the population in general, underscoring the need for timely, well-conducted surveillance as part of global pandemic preparedness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Laverdure
- Laboratory of Human Retrovirology and Immunoinformatics, Frederick National Laboratory, Frederick, MD.
| | - Donatien Kazadi
- Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale (INRB), Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Kadidia Kone
- University Clinical Research Center (UCRC), University of Sciences, Techniques, and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Viviane Callier
- Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory, Frederick, MD
| | - Djeneba Dabitao
- University Clinical Research Center (UCRC), University of Sciences, Techniques, and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Dehkontee Dennis
- Partnership for Research on Vaccines and Infectious Diseases in Liberia (PREVAIL), Monrovia, Liberia
| | - Mory Cherif Haidara
- Partnership of Clinical Research in Guinea (PREGUI), Centre National de Formation et de Recherche en Santé Rurale de Maferinyah, Maferinyah, Guinea
| | - Sally Hunsberger
- National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Olivier Tshiani Mbaya
- Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory, Frederick, MD
| | - Renee Ridzon
- National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Irini Sereti
- National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Katy Shaw-Saliba
- National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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Eskew EA, Bird BH, Ghersi BM, Bangura J, Basinski AJ, Amara E, Bah MA, Kanu MC, Kanu OT, Lavalie EG, Lungay V, Robert W, Vandi MA, Fichet-Calvet E, Nuismer SL. Reservoir displacement by an invasive rodent reduces Lassa virus zoonotic spillover risk. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3589. [PMID: 38678025 PMCID: PMC11055883 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47991-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The black rat (Rattus rattus) is a globally invasive species that has been widely introduced across Africa. Within its invasive range in West Africa, R. rattus may compete with the native rodent Mastomys natalensis, the primary reservoir host of Lassa virus, a zoonotic pathogen that kills thousands annually. Here, we use rodent trapping data from Sierra Leone and Guinea to show that R. rattus presence reduces M. natalensis density within the human dwellings where Lassa virus exposure is most likely to occur. Further, we integrate infection data from M. natalensis to demonstrate that Lassa virus zoonotic spillover risk is lower at sites with R. rattus. While non-native species can have numerous negative effects on ecosystems, our results suggest that R. rattus invasion has the indirect benefit of decreasing zoonotic spillover of an endemic pathogen, with important implications for invasive species control across West Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan A Eskew
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Data Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA.
| | - Brian H Bird
- One Health Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Bruno M Ghersi
- One Health Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, MA, USA
| | | | - Andrew J Basinski
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Data Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA
| | | | - Mohamed A Bah
- Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Scott L Nuismer
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA.
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Grayo S, Camara A, Doukouré B, Ellis I, Troupin C, Fischer K, Vanhomwegen J, White M, Groschup MH, Diederich S, Tordo N. Geographic Disparities in Domestic Pig Population Exposure to Ebola Viruses, Guinea, 2017-2019. Emerg Infect Dis 2024; 30:681-690. [PMID: 38526081 PMCID: PMC10977825 DOI: 10.3201/eid3004.231034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Although pigs are naturally susceptible to Reston virus and experimentally to Ebola virus (EBOV), their role in Orthoebolavirus ecology remains unknown. We tested 888 serum samples collected from pigs in Guinea during 2017-2019 (between the 2013-16 epidemic and its resurgence in 2021) by indirect ELISA against the EBOV nucleoprotein. We identified 2 hotspots of possible pig exposure by IgG titer levels: the northern coast had 48.7% of positive serum samples (37/76), and Forest Guinea, bordering Sierra Leone and Liberia, where the virus emerged and reemerged, had 50% of positive serum samples (98/196). The multitarget Luminex approach confirms ELISA results against Ebola nucleoprotein and highlights cross-reactivities to glycoprotein of EBOV, Reston virus, and Bundibugyo virus. Those results are consistent with previous observations of the circulation of Orthoebolavirus species in pig farming regions in Sierra Leone and Ghana, suggesting potential risk for Ebola virus disease in humans, especially in Forest Guinea.
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Charnley GEC, Green N, Kelman I, Malembaka EB, Gaythorpe KAM. Evaluating the risk of conflict on recent Ebola outbreaks in Guinea and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:860. [PMID: 38509557 PMCID: PMC10953285 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18300-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reducing Ebola virus transmission relies on the ability to identify cases and limit contact with infected bodily fluids through biosecurity, safe sex practices, safe burial and vaccination. Armed conflicts can complicate outbreak detection and interventions due to widespread disruption to governments and populations. Guinea and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) have historically reported the largest and the most recent Ebola virus outbreaks. Understanding if conflict played a role in these outbreaks may help in identifying key risks factors to improve disease control. METHODS We used data from a range of publicly available data sources for both Ebola virus cases and conflict events from 2018 to 2021 in Guinea and the DRC. We fitted these data to conditional logistic regression models using the Self-Controlled Case Series methodology to evaluate the magnitude in which conflict increased the risk of reported Ebola virus cases in terms of incidence rate ratio. We re-ran the analysis sub-nationally, by conflict sub-event type and tested any lagged effects. RESULTS Conflict was significantly associated with an increased risk of reported Ebola virus cases in both the DRC and Guinea in recent outbreaks. The effect was of a similar magnitude at 1.88- and 1.98-times increased risk for the DRC and Guinea, respectively. The greatest effects (often higher than the national values) were found in many conflict prone areas and during protest/riot-related conflict events. Conflict was influential in terms of Ebola virus risk from 1 week following the event and remained important by 10 weeks. CONCLUSION Extra vigilance is needed following protests and riot-related conflict events in terms of Ebola virus transmission. These events are highly disruptive, in terms of access to transportation and healthcare and are often in urban areas with high population densities. Additional public health messaging around these types of conflict events, relating to the risks and clinical symptoms may be helpful in reducing transmission. Future work should aim to further understand and quantify conflict severity and intensity, to evaluate dose-response relationships in terms of disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina E C Charnley
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA.
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Nathan Green
- Department of Statistical Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ilan Kelman
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
- Institute for Risk and Disaster Reduction, University College London, London, UK
- University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Espoir B Malembaka
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA
- Centre for Tropical Diseases and Global Health (CTDGH), Université Catholique de Bukavu, Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Katy A M Gaythorpe
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Imperial College London, London, UK
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7
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Sow MS, Togo J, Simons LM, Diallo ST, Magassouba ML, Keita MB, Somboro AM, Coulibaly Y, Ozer EA, Hultquist JF, Murphy RL, Maiga AI, Maiga M, Lorenzo-Redondo R. Genomic characterization of SARS-CoV-2 in Guinea, West Africa. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299082. [PMID: 38446806 PMCID: PMC10917296 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 has claimed several million lives since its emergence in late 2019. The ongoing evolution of the virus has resulted in the periodic emergence of new viral variants with distinct fitness advantages, including enhanced transmission and immune escape. While several SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern trace their origins back to the African continent-including Beta, Eta, and Omicron-most countries in Africa remain under-sampled in global genomic surveillance efforts. In an effort to begin filling these knowledge gaps, we conducted retrospective viral genomic surveillance in Guinea from October 2020 to August 2021. We found that SARS-CoV-2 clades 20A, 20B, and 20C dominated throughout 2020 until the coincident emergence of the Alpha and Eta variants of concern in January 2021. The Alpha variant remained dominant throughout early 2021 until the arrival of the Delta variant in July. Surprisingly, despite the small sample size of our study, we also found the persistence of the early SARS-CoV-2 clade 19B as late as April 2021. Together, these data help fill in our understanding of the SARS-CoV-2 population dynamics in West Africa early in the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamadou Saliou Sow
- Service de Maladie Infectieuse du Centre Hospitalier de Donka, Conakry, Guinée
| | - Josue Togo
- University Clinical Research Center, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali
- Département de Biologie médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Gabriel Toure, Bamako, Mali
| | - Lacy M. Simons
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States of America
- Center for Pathogen Genomics and Microbial Evolution, Northwestern University Havey Institute for Global Health, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | | | | | - Mamadou Bhoye Keita
- Département de laboratoire, Institut National de la Santé Publique, Conakry, Guinée
- Département de biologie, Université Gamal Abdel Nasser de Conakry, Conakry, Guinée
| | - Anou Moise Somboro
- University Clinical Research Center, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali
- Antimicrobial Research Unit, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Youssouf Coulibaly
- University Clinical Research Center, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali
| | - Egon A. Ozer
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States of America
- Center for Pathogen Genomics and Microbial Evolution, Northwestern University Havey Institute for Global Health, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Judd F. Hultquist
- Center for Pathogen Genomics and Microbial Evolution, Northwestern University Havey Institute for Global Health, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Robert Leo Murphy
- Institute for Global Health, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Almoustapha Issiaka Maiga
- University Clinical Research Center, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali
- Département de Biologie médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Gabriel Toure, Bamako, Mali
| | - Mamoudou Maiga
- Institute for Global Health, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Ramon Lorenzo-Redondo
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States of America
- Center for Pathogen Genomics and Microbial Evolution, Northwestern University Havey Institute for Global Health, Chicago, IL, United States of America
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Dramé L, Kolié D, Sidibé S, Yombouno JF, Delamou A. The factors associated with contraceptive use among young female students in rural Guinea. Sante Publique 2024; 35:129-140. [PMID: 38388393 DOI: 10.3917/spub.236.0129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Introduction The low use of modern contraceptive methods by young girls is a real public health problem in sub-Saharan Africa, especially among young female students living in rural areas. The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors associated with contraceptive use among young female students in rural Guinea. Method This was an analytical cross-sectional study including 607 students from 10 secondary schools in the rural district of Kankan, Guinea. Results A total of 607 female students were interviewed and included in this study. They had an average age of 17.3 ± 1.7 years, 50.9% were in junior high school, and 49.1% were in high school. During our survey period, 67.7% of the girls reported being sexually active, while only 24.4% were on modern contraception. In the bivariate analysis, factors such as age, religion, school level, having heard of contraception, and having had sexual intercourse were statistically associated with contraceptive use. In the multivariate analysis, factors such as age (OR = 2.1; CI = 1.1–3.8), religion (OR = 5.1; CI = 2.8–9.5), and having had sexual intercourse (OR = 2.2; CI = 1.4–3.5) remained statistically associated with the use of contraceptive methods among young female students. Conclusion Our study highlights the need to increase awareness of, and access to, contraceptive methods in schools in order to improve contraceptive practice and, in turn, to reduce the frequency of unwanted and early pregnancies among young female students in rural areas of Guinea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lancinè Dramé
- Centre national de formation et de recherche en santé rurale de Maferinyah, Forécariah, Guinée
| | - Delphin Kolié
- Centre national de formation et de recherche en santé rurale de Maferinyah, Forécariah, Guinée
| | - Sidikiba Sidibé
- Centre national de formation et de recherche en santé rurale de Maferinyah, Forécariah, Guinée
- Centre d’excellence africain pour la prévention et le contrôle des maladies transmissibles, université de Conakry, Guinée
| | - Jean Faya Yombouno
- Centre national de formation et de recherche en santé rurale de Maferinyah, Forécariah, Guinée
| | - Alexandre Delamou
- Centre national de formation et de recherche en santé rurale de Maferinyah, Forécariah, Guinée
- Centre d’excellence africain pour la prévention et le contrôle des maladies transmissibles, université de Conakry, Guinée
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Dioubaté N, Diallo MC, Maomou C, Niane H, Millimouno TM, Camara BS, Sy T, Diallo IS, Semaan A, Delvaux T, Beňová L, Béavogui AH, Delamou A. Perspectives and experiences of healthcare providers on the response to the COVID-19 pandemic in three maternal and neonatal referral hospitals in Guinea in 2020: a qualitative study. BMC Health Serv Res 2024; 24:226. [PMID: 38383409 PMCID: PMC10882787 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-024-10670-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has adversely affected access to essential healthcare services. This study aimed to explore healthcare providers' perceptions and experiences of the response to the COVID-19 pandemic in three referral maternal and neonatal hospitals in Guinea. METHODS We conducted a longitudinal qualitative study between June and December 2020 in two maternities and one neonatology referral ward in Conakry and Mamou. Participants were purposively recruited to capture diversity of professional cadres, seniority, and gender. Four rounds of in-depth interviews (46 in-depth interviews with 18 respondents) were conducted in each study site, using a semi-structured interview guide that was iteratively adapted. We used both deductive and inductive approaches and an iterative process for content analysis. RESULTS We identified four themes and related sub-themes presented according to whether they were common or specific to the study sites, namely: 1) coping strategies & care reorganization, which include reducing staffing levels, maintaining essential healthcare services, suspension of staff daily meetings, insertion of a new information system for providers, and co-management with COVID-19 treatment center for caesarean section cases among women who tested positive for COVID-19; 2) healthcare providers' behavior adaptations during the response, including infection prevention and control measures on the wards and how COVID-19-related information influenced providers' daily work; 3) difficulties encountered by providers, in particular unavailability of personal protective equipment (PPE), lack of financial motivation, and difficulties reducing crowding in the wards; 4) providers perceptions of healthcare service use, for instance their fear during COVID-19 response and perceived increase in severity of complications received and COVID-19 cases among providers and parents of newborns. CONCLUSION This study provides insights needed to be considered to improve the preparedness and response of healthcare facilities and care providers to future health emergencies in similar contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafissatou Dioubaté
- Centre National de Formation et de Recherche en Santé Rurale de Maferinyah, Forécariah, Guinea.
| | | | - Cécé Maomou
- Service de Maternité de l'Hôpital Régional de Mamou, Mamou, Guinea
| | - Harissatou Niane
- Institut de Nutrition et de Santé de l'Enfant, Hôpital National Donka, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Tamba Mina Millimouno
- Centre National de Formation et de Recherche en Santé Rurale de Maferinyah, Forécariah, Guinea; Centre d'Excellence d'Afrique pour la Prévention et le Contrôle des Maladies Transmissibles (CEA-PCMT), Faculté des Sciences et Techniques de la Santé, Université Gamal Abdel Nasser de Conakry, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Bienvenu Salim Camara
- Centre National de Formation et de Recherche en Santé Rurale de Maferinyah, Forécariah, Guinea
| | - Telly Sy
- Service de Maternité de l'Hôpital National Ignace Deen, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Ibrahima Sory Diallo
- Institut de Nutrition et de Santé de l'Enfant, Hôpital National Donka, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Aline Semaan
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Thérèse Delvaux
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Lenka Beňová
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Abdoul Habib Béavogui
- Centre National de Formation et de Recherche en Santé Rurale de Maferinyah, Forécariah, Guinea
| | - Alexandre Delamou
- Centre National de Formation et de Recherche en Santé Rurale de Maferinyah, Forécariah, Guinea; Centre d'Excellence d'Afrique pour la Prévention et le Contrôle des Maladies Transmissibles (CEA-PCMT), Faculté des Sciences et Techniques de la Santé, Université Gamal Abdel Nasser de Conakry, Conakry, Guinea
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Das U, Fielding D. Higher local Ebola incidence causes lower child vaccination rates. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1382. [PMID: 38228678 PMCID: PMC10791637 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51633-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Ebola is a highly infectious and often fatal zoonotic disease endemic to West and Central Africa. Local outbreaks of the disease are common, but the largest recorded Ebola epidemic originated in Guinea in December 2013, spreading to Liberia, and Sierra Leone in the following year and lasting until April 2016. The epidemic presented a serious challenge to local healthcare systems and foreign aid agencies: it degraded services, caused the loss of healthcare professionals, disrupted the economy, and reduced trust in modern healthcare. This study aims to estimate the extent to which variation in one long-term measure of the quality of local healthcare (the child vaccination rate) is a consequence of local variation in the intensity of the epidemic. Applying a "difference-in-differences" model to household survey data from before and after the epidemic, we show that in 2018-2019, overall rates of vaccination for BCG, DPT, measles, and polio are lower in Guinean and Sierra Leonean districts that had a relatively high incidence of Ebola; statistical analysis indicates that this is a causal effect. The effects of the epidemic on access to healthcare have been local effects, at least in part.
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Affiliation(s)
- Upasak Das
- Global Development Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - David Fielding
- Global Development Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
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Armah-Ansah EK, Bawa B, Igonya EK. Prevalence and factors associated with intention to use contraceptives among women of reproductive age: a multilevel analysis of the 2018 Guinea demographic and health survey. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2024; 24:8. [PMID: 38166935 PMCID: PMC10759447 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-023-06204-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Contraceptive use is a key indicator of improving the health and well-being of women, mothers and their families, preventing unwanted pregnancies, and reducing maternal and child mortalities. Despite a lot of investments from the Government of Guinea to improve contraceptive use, studies reveal that contraceptive use still remains low in Guinea. However, the intention to use contraceptives in Guinea has not been well examined. Therefore, this study seeks to examine the factors associated with the intention to use contraceptives among women of reproductive age in Guinea. METHODS The study made use of data from the Guinea Demographic and Health Survey (GNDHS) conducted in 2018. For this study, we included a weighted sample of 6,948 women who were either married or cohabiting and responded to all the variables of interest. The data were analyzed using Stata version 14.2. Descriptive and multilevel logistic regression were carried out to examine the factors associated with the intention to use contraceptives. The results of multilevel logistic regression were presented using adjusted odds ratios at 95% confidence intervals and p-value < 0.05 to determine the significant associations. RESULTS The prevalence of intention-to-use contraceptives among women was 19.8% (95% CI18.3%-21.5%). Women with secondary/higher educational levels [aOR = 1.58, 95% CI = 1.26-1.99], women whose partners had secondary/higher educational level [aOR = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.04-1.52], women who were cohabiting [aOR = 1.74, 95% CI = 1.13-2.68] and were exposed to mass media [aOR = 1.60, 95% CI = 1.35-1.89] were likely to have higher intentions to use contraceptives. Additionally, women from the Kankan Region [aOR = 4.26, 95% CI = 2.77-6.54] and women who belong to the richer wealth quintile [aOR = 1.36, 95% CI = 0.91-1.89] were likely to have higher odds of intentions to use contraceptives. However, women aged 45-49 years, those from the Peulh ethnic group, and those who lack the competence to make healthcare decisions alone had lower odds of intention to use contraceptives. CONCLUSION The study revealed a low prevalence of intention to use contraceptives among women of reproductive age in Guinea. The study has highlighted that both individual-level and household/community-level factors were significantly associated with the intention to use contraceptives. Therefore, policymakers and stakeholders need to consider these factors discussed in this paper when developing policies and interventions to promote and enhance intention-to-use contraceptives among women of reproductive age in Guinea. The findings call on the Government of Guinea and all stakeholders in Guinea to ensure that female education is promoted to help improve their social status, decision-making on fertility, and reduce fertility rates and maternal mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebenezer Kwesi Armah-Ansah
- Department of Population and Health, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana.
- Population Dynamics Sexual and Reproductive Health Unit, African Population and Health Research Center, Nairobi, Kenya.
- Department of Population and Development, National Research University - Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia.
| | | | - Emmy Kageha Igonya
- Population Dynamics Sexual and Reproductive Health Unit, African Population and Health Research Center, Nairobi, Kenya
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12
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Rice DR, Guelngar CO, Traoré M, Condé ML, Diallo D, Lee NJ, Ham AS, Cissé FA, Mateen FJ. Impact of a free medication intervention on seizure recurrence and anxious and depressive symptoms in people living with epilepsy in the Republic of Guinea. Trop Med Int Health 2024; 29:33-41. [PMID: 38031206 DOI: 10.1111/tmi.13950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Of ~5 million people living with epilepsy (PLWE) in Sub-Saharan Africa, roughly one-third experience depression and over one third experience anxiety. In Guinea, these issues may be compounded by fewer available resources, such as appropriate anti-seizure medications (ASMs). We aim to quantify seizure frequency, anxiety and depression in PLWE in Guinea, before and after a free ASM intervention and neurologist's consultation. METHODS Guinean participants >12 years old with ≥2 unprovoked seizure were prospectively recruited. As part of a broader interview, participants reported prior 30-day seizure frequency and screened for depression (PHQ-9) (range 0-27 points) and anxiety (GAD-7) (range 0-21 points) with re-evaluation at 90 days. RESULTS Of 148 participants enrolled (mean age = 27.3 years, range 12-72; 45% female), 62% were currently taking ASMs. For the 30 days pre-enrolment, average seizure frequency was 3.2 (95%CI 2.3, 4.2); 28% of participants were seizure-free. ASM regimens were modified for 95% of participants, mostly initiating levetiracetam (n = 115, 80% of modifications). 90-day study retention was 76% (n = 113) among whom 87% reported full adherence to the ASM. After 90 days, the average seizure frequency over the prior 30 days was 1.5 (95%CI 0.5, 2.6), significantly lower than at baseline (p = 0.002). 66% were seizure-free. At baseline, average PHQ-9 score was 21.2 (95%CI [20.2, 22.2]), indicating severe depressive symptoms. Average GAD-7 score was 16.5 [15.6, 17.4], indicating severe anxious symptoms. At 90-days, average PHQ-9 score was 17.5[16.4, 18.5] and significantly lower than baseline (p < 0.001). Average GAD-7 score was 14.4 [13.6, 15.3] and significantly lower than baseline (p = 0.002). Seizure frequency was not correlated with PHQ-9 nor GAD-7 scores at baseline but was at 90 days for both PHQ-9 (r = 0.24, p = 0.01) and GAD-7 (r = 0.22, p = 0.02) scores. The prevalence of suicidal ideation dropped from 67% to 47% of participants (p = 0.004). DISCUSSION ASM management has dual importance for PLWE in resource-limited settings, improving both seizure control and mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan R Rice
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Mohamed Traoré
- Department of Neurology, Ignace Deen Teaching Hospital, Conakry, Republic of Guinea
| | - Mohamed Laminé Condé
- Department of Neurology, Ignace Deen Teaching Hospital, Conakry, Republic of Guinea
| | - Djenabou Diallo
- Department of Neurology, Ignace Deen Teaching Hospital, Conakry, Republic of Guinea
| | - Nathanael J Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andrew Siyoon Ham
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Fodé Abass Cissé
- Department of Neurology, Ignace Deen Teaching Hospital, Conakry, Republic of Guinea
| | - Farrah J Mateen
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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13
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Obeng-Kusi M, Martin J, Abraham I. The economic burden of Ebola virus disease: a review and recommendations for analysis. J Med Econ 2024; 27:309-323. [PMID: 38299454 DOI: 10.1080/13696998.2024.2313358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ebola virus disease (EVD) continues to be a major public health threat globally, particularly in the low-and-middle-income countries (LMICs) of Africa. The social and economic burdens of EVD are substantial and have triggered extensive research into prevention and control. We aim to highlight the impact and economic implications, identify research gaps, and offer recommendations for future economic studies pertaining to EVD. METHOD We conducted a comprehensive librarian-led search in PubMed/Medline, Embase, Google Scholar, EconLit and Scopus for economic evaluations of EVD. After study selection and data extraction, findings on the impact and economics of EVD were synthesized using a narrative approach, while identifying gaps, and recommending critical areas for future EVD economic studies. RESULTS The economic evaluations focused on the burden of illness, vaccine cost-effectiveness, willingness-to-pay for a vaccine, EVD funding, and preparedness costs. The estimated economic impact of the 2014 EVD outbreak in Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone across studies ranged from $30 billion to $50 billion. Facility construction and modification emerged as significant cost drivers for preparedness. The EVD vaccine demonstrated cost-effectiveness in a dynamic transmission model; resulting in an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of about $96 per additional disability adjusted life year averted. Individuals exhibited greater willingness to be vaccinated if it incurred no personal cost, with a minority willing to pay about $1 for the vaccine. CONCLUSIONS The severe impact of EVD puts pressure on governments and the international community for better resource utilization and re-allocation. Several technical and methodological issues related to economic evaluation of EVD remain to be addressed, especially for LMICs. We recommend conducting cost-of-sequelae and cost-of-distribution analyses in addition to adapting existing economic analytical methods to EVD. Characteristics of the affected regions should be considered to provide evidence-based economic plans and economic-evaluation of mitigations that enhance resource allocation for prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mavis Obeng-Kusi
- Center for Health Outcomes and PharmacoEconomic Research, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Jennifer Martin
- Arizona Health Sciences Library, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Ivo Abraham
- Center for Health Outcomes and PharmacoEconomic Research, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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14
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Hammer CC, Diallo MD, Kann B, Sanoh F, Leno TN, Mansare O, Diakité I, Sow AD, Konate Y, Ryan-Castillo E, Barry AM, Standley CJ. High prevalence of asymptomatic malaria in Forest Guinea: Results from a rapid community survey. Epidemiol Infect 2023; 152:e1. [PMID: 38050416 PMCID: PMC10789974 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268823001929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Malaria is endemic in Guinea; however, the extent and role in transmission of asymptomatic malaria are not well understood. In May 2023, we conducted a rapid community survey to determine Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum) prevalence among asymptomatic individuals in Middle Guinea (Prefecture Dalaba) and Forest Guinea (Prefecture Guéckédou). In Dalaba, 6 of 239 (2.1%, confidence interval (CI) 0.9-4.8%) individuals tested positive for P. falciparum by a rapid diagnostic test (RDT), while in Guéckédou, 147 of 235 (60.9%, CI 54.5-66.9%) participants tested positive. Asymptomatic malaria needs to be considered more strongly as a driver of transmission when designing control strategies, especially in Forest Guinea and potentially other hyper-endemic settings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yacouba Konate
- Santé Plus, Conakry, Guinea
- ISSMV, Laboratoire, Dalaba, Guinea
| | - Emilie Ryan-Castillo
- Georgetown University, Center for Global Health Science and Security, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Claire J. Standley
- Georgetown University, Center for Global Health Science and Security, Washington, DC, USA
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15
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Bangoura ST, Hounmenou CG, Sidibé S, Camara SC, Mbaye A, Olive MM, Camara A, Delamou A, Keita AK, Delaporte E, Khanafer N, Touré A. Exploratory analysis of the knowledge, attitudes and perceptions of healthcare workers about arboviruses in the context of surveillance in the Republic of Guinea. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0011814. [PMID: 38048341 PMCID: PMC10721174 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The escalating risk and contemporary occurrences of arbovirus infections prompt a critical inquiry into the ability of nations to execute efficient surveillance systems capable to detect, prevent and respond to arbovirus outbreaks. Healthcare workers (HCWs) are the major actors in the surveillance of infectious diseases with epidemic potential. The objective of this study was to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes and perceptions of HCWs regarding arboviruses in the public health facilities of Conakry, Guinea. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted during the from December 27, 2022, to January 31, 2023, encompassing from public health facilities in Conakry. The data collection process encompassed various aspects, including the characteristics of health facilities, socio-demographic and professional attributes of HCWs, the information received concerning arboviruses and the sources of information, as well as a series of inquiries designed to evaluate their knowledge, attitudes and perceptions. Subsequently, scores were computed for knowledge, attitude and perception. To identify the factors influencing the knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of HCWs regarding arboviruses, Decision Tree and Inference Conditional Tree models were used. RESULTS A total of 352 HCWs participated in the study, comprising 219 from national hospitals, 72 from municipal hospitals and 61 from primary health centers. More than half of the respondents (54.3%) had never received information on arboviruses. Only 1% of the respondents had good knowledge about arboviruses, 95.7% had a negative attitude about arboviruses. Moreover, nearly 60% of the respondents had a moderate perception and 24.1% had a good perception. The analysis revealed significant associations between the knowledge and attitudes of respondents concerning arboviruses and their years of professional experience and age. CONCLUSION This study highlights the imperative requirement for comprehensive training targeting HCWs to enhance their capacity for early case detection within healthcare facilities. Additionally, there is a crucial need for analogous studies adopting a mixed-methods approach across all healthcare regions in Guinea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salifou Talassone Bangoura
- Centre de Recherche et de Formation en Infectiologie de Guinée (CERFIG), Gamal Abdel Nasser University, Conakry, Republic of Guinea
- Department of Public Health, Gamal Abdel Nasser University, Conakry, Republic of Guinea
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences, Gamal Abdel Nasser University, Conakry, Republic of Guinea
| | - Castro Gbêmêmali Hounmenou
- Centre de Recherche et de Formation en Infectiologie de Guinée (CERFIG), Gamal Abdel Nasser University, Conakry, Republic of Guinea
| | - Sidikiba Sidibé
- Department of Public Health, Gamal Abdel Nasser University, Conakry, Republic of Guinea
- African Centre of Excellence in the Prevention and Control of Communicable Diseases (CEA-PCMT), Faculty of Sciences and Health Techniques, Gamal Abdel Nasser University, Conakry, Republic of Guinea
| | - Saidouba Cherif Camara
- Centre de Recherche et de Formation en Infectiologie de Guinée (CERFIG), Gamal Abdel Nasser University, Conakry, Republic of Guinea
| | - Aminata Mbaye
- Centre de Recherche et de Formation en Infectiologie de Guinée (CERFIG), Gamal Abdel Nasser University, Conakry, Republic of Guinea
| | - Marie-Marie Olive
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, F-34398 Montpellier, France
- ASTRE, University of Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Montpellier, France
| | - Alioune Camara
- Centre de Recherche et de Formation en Infectiologie de Guinée (CERFIG), Gamal Abdel Nasser University, Conakry, Republic of Guinea
- Department of Public Health, Gamal Abdel Nasser University, Conakry, Republic of Guinea
- African Centre of Excellence in the Prevention and Control of Communicable Diseases (CEA-PCMT), Faculty of Sciences and Health Techniques, Gamal Abdel Nasser University, Conakry, Republic of Guinea
| | - Alexandre Delamou
- Department of Public Health, Gamal Abdel Nasser University, Conakry, Republic of Guinea
- African Centre of Excellence in the Prevention and Control of Communicable Diseases (CEA-PCMT), Faculty of Sciences and Health Techniques, Gamal Abdel Nasser University, Conakry, Republic of Guinea
| | - Alpha-Kabinet Keita
- Centre de Recherche et de Formation en Infectiologie de Guinée (CERFIG), Gamal Abdel Nasser University, Conakry, Republic of Guinea
| | - Eric Delaporte
- Recherches Translationnelles sur le VIH et les Maladies Infectieuses (TransVIHMI), University of Montpellier, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), 34394 Montpellier, France
| | - Nagham Khanafer
- PHE3ID Team, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Inserm U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, Université de Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- Hygiene, Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Abdoulaye Touré
- Centre de Recherche et de Formation en Infectiologie de Guinée (CERFIG), Gamal Abdel Nasser University, Conakry, Republic of Guinea
- Department of Public Health, Gamal Abdel Nasser University, Conakry, Republic of Guinea
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences, Gamal Abdel Nasser University, Conakry, Republic of Guinea
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16
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Diakité D, Sidibé S, Kolié F, Camara F, Camara DM, Kourouma M, Délamou A. Prevalence and factors associated with the coexistence of overweight/obesity and anaemia among women of reproductive age in Guinea. Public Health Nutr 2023; 26:2748-2757. [PMID: 37855236 PMCID: PMC10755430 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980023002197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence and associated factors of the coexistence of overweight or obesity (OWOB) and anaemia among non-pregnant Guinean women aged 15-49 years. DESIGN The analysis was performed using data from the 2018 Guinean Demographic and Health Survey. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with the coexistence of OWOB and anaemia (OWOB + anaemia) among non-pregnant Guinean women. SETTING Guinea. PARTICIPANTS A total of 4783 non-pregnant women aged 15-49 years with valid data on the nutritional status (BMI and Hb level) were included in the analysis. RESULTS The prevalence of coexistence of OWOB and anaemia among non-pregnant women was 11·16 % (95% CI: 10·05, 12·37). The following variables were associated with OWOB + anaemia in multivariate models (adjusted OR (AOR) 95% CI): higher wealth index (AOR = 4·69; 95% CI: 2·62, 8·39), middle wealth index (AOR = 1·96; 95% CI: 1·31, 2·93), four or more antenatal visits (AOR = 1·62; CI: 1·16, 2·28), having four or more children (AOR = 2·47; 95% CI: 1·37, 4·43) and the rural areas (AOR = 0·59; 95% CI: 0·37, 0·95). CONCLUSION The current study's findings reveal that OWOB + anaemia concerned one-tenth of non-pregnant women. Associated factors were household wealth index, multiparity, antenatal visits and rural areas. Thus, there is a need to design specific interventions to prevent the double burden of malnutrition among women of reproductive age. Interventions should include promoting physical exercise, family planning, healthy eating and raising awareness of behavioural change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Djiba Diakité
- Gamal Abdel Nasser University of Conakry, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Sidikiba Sidibé
- CEA-PCMT_Faculty of Sciences and Health Techniques, Gamal Abdel Nasser University of Conakry, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Fassou Kolié
- Gamal Abdel Nasser University of Conakry, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Facely Camara
- Gamal Abdel Nasser University of Conakry, Conakry, Guinea
| | | | - Mory Kourouma
- Gamal Abdel Nasser University of Conakry, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Alexandre Délamou
- CEA-PCMT_Faculty of Sciences and Health Techniques, Gamal Abdel Nasser University of Conakry, Conakry, Guinea
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17
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Layman NC, Basinski AJ, Zhang B, Eskew EA, Bird BH, Ghersi BM, Bangura J, Fichet-Calvet E, Remien CH, Vandi M, Bah M, Nuismer SL. Predicting the fine-scale spatial distribution of zoonotic reservoirs using computer vision. Ecol Lett 2023; 26:1974-1986. [PMID: 37737493 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Zoonotic diseases threaten human health worldwide and are often associated with anthropogenic disturbance. Predicting how disturbance influences spillover risk is critical for effective disease intervention but difficult to achieve at fine spatial scales. Here, we develop a method that learns the spatial distribution of a reservoir species from aerial imagery. Our approach uses neural networks to extract features of known or hypothesized importance from images. The spatial distribution of these features is then summarized and linked to spatially explicit reservoir presence/absence data using boosted regression trees. We demonstrate the utility of our method by applying it to the reservoir of Lassa virus, Mastomys natalensis, within the West African nations of Sierra Leone and Guinea. We show that, when trained using reservoir trapping data and publicly available aerial imagery, our framework learns relationships between environmental features and reservoir occurrence and accurately ranks areas according to the likelihood of reservoir presence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan C Layman
- EcoHealth Alliance, New York, New York, USA
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Data Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, USA
| | - Andrew J Basinski
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Data Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, USA
| | - Boyu Zhang
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Data Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, USA
| | - Evan A Eskew
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Data Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, USA
| | - Brian H Bird
- One Health Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Bruno M Ghersi
- One Health Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, USA
- Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, USA
| | - James Bangura
- University of Makeni and University of California, Davis One Health Program, Makeni, Sierra Leone
| | | | - Christopher H Remien
- Department of Mathematics and Statistical Science, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, USA
| | - Mohamed Vandi
- Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - Mohamed Bah
- Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - Scott L Nuismer
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, USA
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18
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Millimono TM, Camara A, Mabiama G, Daffé M, Boumédiène F, Preux PM, Desport JC, Fayemendy P, Jésus P. Nutritional status and associated factors among the elderly in Guinea: a first national cross-sectional study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15307. [PMID: 37723221 PMCID: PMC10507041 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42494-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging of the Guinean population is a public health concern for the coming years, and the nutritional status of older people is virtually unknown. We also know that this population is growing and that undernutrition and obesity can affect the health of older adults. This study aimed to assess the nutritional status of older people in the general population of Guinea and its associated factors. A representative cross-sectional survey was conducted using sociodemographic, clinical, and anthropometric data (weight and height). Oral status was assessed by using the University of Nebraska Oral Status Scale. Visual acuity was assessed using the Monoyer scale. The standardized prevalence ratio (SPR) of the nutritional status was calculated for each region. The sample included 1698 subjects with a mean BMI of 22.6 ± 4.3 kg/m2. A total of 50.3% had impaired oral status and 20.3% had moderately to severely impaired visual acuity. The prevalence of undernutrition was 14.4% and of obesity 5.7%. Differences in the prevalence of nutritional status were found between regions, with an SPR > 1 for undernutrition in the Labé region (SPR 1.9, 95% CI = 1.5-2.5) and for obesity in the Conakry and Kindia regions (SPR of 2.90, 95% CI = 2.0-4.05 and 2.32, 95% CI = 1.5-3.3, respectively). In Guinea, The prevalence of nutritional disorders was approximately 20%. Screening and management of the health and nutritional status of older adults should be a national priority, and management should be adapted to each region of the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierno Mamadou Millimono
- Inserm U1094, IRD U270, CHU Limoges, EpiMaCT - Epidemiology of Chronic Diseases in Tropical Zone, Institute of Epidemiology and Tropical Neurology, Univ. Limoges, OmegaHealth, NET - 2 rue du Dr Marcland, 87025, Limoges Cedex, France.
- Gamal Abdel Nasser University of Conakry, Conakry, Guinea.
| | - Alioune Camara
- Gamal Abdel Nasser University of Conakry, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Gustave Mabiama
- Inserm U1094, IRD U270, CHU Limoges, EpiMaCT - Epidemiology of Chronic Diseases in Tropical Zone, Institute of Epidemiology and Tropical Neurology, Univ. Limoges, OmegaHealth, NET - 2 rue du Dr Marcland, 87025, Limoges Cedex, France
- Department of Family and Home Economics, Advanced Teachers Training College for Technical Education (ATTCTE), University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Mamady Daffé
- Gamal Abdel Nasser University of Conakry, Conakry, Guinea
- Ministry of Health and Public Hygiene, Food and Nutrition Division, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Farid Boumédiène
- Inserm U1094, IRD U270, CHU Limoges, EpiMaCT - Epidemiology of Chronic Diseases in Tropical Zone, Institute of Epidemiology and Tropical Neurology, Univ. Limoges, OmegaHealth, NET - 2 rue du Dr Marcland, 87025, Limoges Cedex, France
| | - Pierre-Marie Preux
- Inserm U1094, IRD U270, CHU Limoges, EpiMaCT - Epidemiology of Chronic Diseases in Tropical Zone, Institute of Epidemiology and Tropical Neurology, Univ. Limoges, OmegaHealth, NET - 2 rue du Dr Marcland, 87025, Limoges Cedex, France
| | - Jean-Claude Desport
- Inserm U1094, IRD U270, CHU Limoges, EpiMaCT - Epidemiology of Chronic Diseases in Tropical Zone, Institute of Epidemiology and Tropical Neurology, Univ. Limoges, OmegaHealth, NET - 2 rue du Dr Marcland, 87025, Limoges Cedex, France
- Resource Centre for Nutrition Nouvelle Aquitaine Region (CERENUT), Isle, France
| | - Philippe Fayemendy
- Inserm U1094, IRD U270, CHU Limoges, EpiMaCT - Epidemiology of Chronic Diseases in Tropical Zone, Institute of Epidemiology and Tropical Neurology, Univ. Limoges, OmegaHealth, NET - 2 rue du Dr Marcland, 87025, Limoges Cedex, France
- Resource Centre for Nutrition Nouvelle Aquitaine Region (CERENUT), Isle, France
- Nutrition Unit, University Hospital, Limoges, France
| | - Pierre Jésus
- Inserm U1094, IRD U270, CHU Limoges, EpiMaCT - Epidemiology of Chronic Diseases in Tropical Zone, Institute of Epidemiology and Tropical Neurology, Univ. Limoges, OmegaHealth, NET - 2 rue du Dr Marcland, 87025, Limoges Cedex, France
- Resource Centre for Nutrition Nouvelle Aquitaine Region (CERENUT), Isle, France
- Nutrition Unit, University Hospital, Limoges, France
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Cherif MS, Keita M, Dahal P, Guilavogui T, Beavogui AH, Diassy L, Conde M, Touré A, Delamou A. Neglected tropical diseases in Republic of Guinea: disease endemicity, case burden and the road towards the 2030 target. Int Health 2023; 15:490-504. [PMID: 37232124 PMCID: PMC10472893 DOI: 10.1093/inthealth/ihad036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) predominantly affect vulnerable and marginalized populations in tropical and subtropical areas and globally affect more than one billion people. In Guinea, the burden of NTDs is estimated to be >7.5 disability-adjusted life years per million inhabitants. Currently the Guinea NTDs master plan (2017-2020) has identified eight diseases as public health problems: onchocerciasis, lymphatic filariasis, trachoma, schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis, leprosy, human African trypanosomiasis and Buruli ulcer. In this review we discuss the past and the current case burden of the priority NTDs in Guinea, highlight the major milestones and discuss current and future areas of focus for achieving the 2030 target outlined by the World Health Organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahamoud Sama Cherif
- Faculty of Sciences and Health Technics, Gamal Abdel Nasser University of Conakry, Conakry, Guinea
- Direction Regionale de la Santé de Faranah, Ministère de la santé et de l'hygiène publique, Faranah, Guinea
- Service de Pediatrie, Hospital National Ignace Deen, Ministère de la santé et de l'Hygiène Publique, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Mory Keita
- World Health Organization, Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, Cairo, Egypt
- Institute of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Prabin Dahal
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Timothé Guilavogui
- Management and Programmes Coordination, Ministry of Health, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Abdoul Habib Beavogui
- Faculty of Sciences and Health Technics, Gamal Abdel Nasser University of Conakry, Conakry, Guinea
- Centre National de Formation et Recherche en Sante Rurale de Maferinyah, Maferinyah, Guinea
| | - Lamine Diassy
- World Health Organization, Guinea office, Landreah, Corniche Nord, Boîte postale 817, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Mohamed Conde
- Service de Pediatrie, Hospital National Ignace Deen, Ministère de la santé et de l'Hygiène Publique, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Abdoulaye Touré
- Faculty of Sciences and Health Technics, Gamal Abdel Nasser University of Conakry, Conakry, Guinea
- Institut National de Santé Publique, Ministère de la Santé et de l'Hygiène Publique, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Alexandre Delamou
- Faculty of Sciences and Health Technics, Gamal Abdel Nasser University of Conakry, Conakry, Guinea
- Centre National de Formation et Recherche en Sante Rurale de Maferinyah, Maferinyah, Guinea
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Umutesi G, Moon TD, Makam JK, Diomande F, Cherry CB, Tuopileyi II RNO, Zakari W, Craig AS. Evaluation of acute flaccid paralysis surveillance performance before and during the 2014-2015 Ebola virus disease outbreak in Guinea and Liberia. Pan Afr Med J 2023; 45:190. [PMID: 38020355 PMCID: PMC10656592 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2023.45.190.21480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction the number of wild poliomyelitis cases, worldwide, dropped from 350,000 cases in 1988 to 33 in 2018. Acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) surveillance is a key strategy toward achieving global polio eradication. The 2014 Ebola virus disease (EVD) epidemic in West Africa infected over 28,000 people and had devastating effects on health systems in Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone. We sought to assess the effects of the 2014 Ebola outbreak on AFP surveillance in Guinea and Liberia. Methods a retrospective cross-sectional analysis was performed for Guinea and Liberia to evaluate EVD´s impact on World Health Organization (WHO) AFP surveillance performance indicators during 2012-2015. Results both Guinea and Liberia met the WHO target non-polio AFP incidence rate nationally, and generally sub-nationally, prior to the EVD outbreak; rates decreased substantially during the outbreak in seven of eight regions in Guinea and 11 of 15 counties in Liberia. Throughout the study period, both Guinea and Liberia attained appropriate overall targets nationally for "notification" and "stool adequacy" indicators, but each country experienced periods of poor regional/county-specific indicator performance. Conclusion these findings mirrored the negative effect of the Ebola outbreak on polio elimination activities in both countries and highlights the need to reinforce this surveillance system during times of crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Umutesi
- Vanderbilt Institute for Global Health, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Troy D Moon
- Vanderbilt Institute for Global Health, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Jeevan Kumar Makam
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Fabien Diomande
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | | | | | | | - Allen Scott Craig
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
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21
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Bayandin RB, Makenov MT, Boumbaly S, Stukolova OA, Gladysheva AV, Shipovalov AV, Skarnovich MO, Camara O, Toure AH, Svyatchenko VA, Shvalov AN, Ternovoi VA, Boiro MY, Agafonov AP, Karan LS. The First Case of Zika Virus Disease in Guinea: Description, Virus Isolation, Sequencing, and Seroprevalence in Local Population. Viruses 2023; 15:1620. [PMID: 37631963 PMCID: PMC10459603 DOI: 10.3390/v15081620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The Zika virus (ZIKV) is a widespread mosquito-borne pathogen. Phylogenetically, two lineages of ZIKV are distinguished: African and Asian-American. The latter became the cause of the 2015-2016 pandemic, with severe consequences for newborns. In West African countries, the African lineage was found, but there is evidence of the emergence of the Asian-American lineage in Cape Verde and Angola. This highlights the need to not only monitor ZIKV but also sequence the isolates. In this article, we present a case report of Zika fever in a pregnant woman from Guinea identified in 2018. Viral RNA was detected through qRT-PCR in a serum sample. In addition, the seroconversion of anti-Zika IgM and IgG antibodies was detected in repeated blood samples. Subsequently, the virus was isolated from the C6/36 cell line. The detected ZIKV belonged to the African lineage, the Nigerian sublineage. The strains with the closest sequences were isolated from mosquitoes in Senegal in 2011 and 2015. In addition, we conducted the serological screening of 116 blood samples collected from patients presenting to the hospital of Faranah with fevers during the period 2018-2021. As a result, it was found that IgM-positive patients were identified each year and that the seroprevalence varied between 5.6% and 17.1%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman B. Bayandin
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology «Vector», 630559 Kol’tsovo, Novosibirsk Oblast, Russia (M.O.S.)
| | - Marat T. Makenov
- Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Novogireevskaya St. 3A, 111123 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sanaba Boumbaly
- Virology Research Center/Laboratory of Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Olga A. Stukolova
- Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Novogireevskaya St. 3A, 111123 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia V. Gladysheva
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology «Vector», 630559 Kol’tsovo, Novosibirsk Oblast, Russia (M.O.S.)
| | - Andrey V. Shipovalov
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology «Vector», 630559 Kol’tsovo, Novosibirsk Oblast, Russia (M.O.S.)
| | - Maksim O. Skarnovich
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology «Vector», 630559 Kol’tsovo, Novosibirsk Oblast, Russia (M.O.S.)
| | | | - Aboubacar Hady Toure
- Research Institute of Applied Biology of Guinea, Pastoria, CREMS, Kindia, Guinea
| | - Victor A. Svyatchenko
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology «Vector», 630559 Kol’tsovo, Novosibirsk Oblast, Russia (M.O.S.)
| | - Alexander N. Shvalov
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology «Vector», 630559 Kol’tsovo, Novosibirsk Oblast, Russia (M.O.S.)
| | - Vladimir A. Ternovoi
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology «Vector», 630559 Kol’tsovo, Novosibirsk Oblast, Russia (M.O.S.)
| | - Mamadou Y. Boiro
- Research Institute of Applied Biology of Guinea, Pastoria, CREMS, Kindia, Guinea
| | - Alexander P. Agafonov
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology «Vector», 630559 Kol’tsovo, Novosibirsk Oblast, Russia (M.O.S.)
| | - Lyudmila S. Karan
- Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Novogireevskaya St. 3A, 111123 Moscow, Russia
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Mehrtash H, Bohren MA, Adu-Bonsaffoh K, Irinyenikan TA, Berger BO, Maya E, Balde MD, Maung TM, Aderoba AK, Tuncalp Ö, Leslie HH. Comparing observed occurrence of mistreatment during childbirth with women's self-report: a validation study in Ghana, Guinea and Nigeria. BMJ Glob Health 2023; 5:e012122. [PMID: 37479486 PMCID: PMC10366988 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2023-012122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There has been substantial progress in developing approaches to measure mistreatment of women during childbirth. However, less is known about the differences in measurement approaches. In this study, we compare measures of mistreatment obtained from the same women using labour observations and community-based surveys in Ghana, Guinea and Nigeria. METHODS Experiences of mistreatment during childbirth are person-centred quality measures. As such, we assessed individual-level and population-level accuracy of labour observation relative to women's self-report for different types of mistreatment. We calculated sensitivity, specificity, percent agreement and population-level inflation factor (IF), assessing prevalence of mistreatment in labour observation divided by 'true' prevalence in women's self-report. We report the IF degree of bias as: low (0.75 RESULTS 1536 women across Ghana (n=779), Guinea (n=425) and Nigeria (n=332) were included. Most mistreatment items demonstrated better specificity than sensitivity: observation of any physical abuse (44% sensitive, 89% specific), any verbal abuse (61% sensitive, 73% specific) and presence of a labour companion (19% sensitive, 93% specific). Items for stigma (IF 0.16), pain relief requested (IF 0.38), companion present (IF 0.32) and lack of easy access to fluids (IF 0.46) showed high risk of bias, meaning labour observations would substantially underestimate true prevalence. Other items showed low or moderate bias. CONCLUSION Using self-report as the reference standard, labour observations demonstrated moderate-to-high specificity (accurately identifying lack of mistreatment) but low-to-moderate sensitivity (accurately identifying presence of mistreatment) among women. For overall prevalence, either women's self-report or observations can be used with low-moderate bias for most mistreatment items. However, given the dynamicity, complexity, and limitations in 'objectivity', some experiences of mistreatment (stigma, pain relief, labour companionship, easy access to fluids) require measurement via women's self-report. More work is needed to understand how subjectivity influences how well a measure represents individual's experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hedieh Mehrtash
- Department of Sexual and Reproductive Health and Research, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Meghan A Bohren
- Gender and Women's Health Unit, Nossal Institute for Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kwame Adu-Bonsaffoh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana
| | | | - Blair O Berger
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ernest Maya
- Department of Population Health, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Mamadou Dioulde Balde
- Cellulle de Recherche en Sante de la Reproduction en Guinee (CERREGUI), Conakry, Guinea
| | - Thae Maung Maung
- Department of Medical Research, Ministry of Health and Sports, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Adeniyi Kolade Aderoba
- National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Mother and Child Hospital Akure, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Özge Tuncalp
- Department of Sexual and Reproductive Health and Research, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Hannah H Leslie
- Division of Prevention Science, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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SOW MS, DESCLAUX A, KEITA AK, MAKANERA A, TRAORE MA, TRAORE A, TOURE A, SAGNO M, DIOP M, BARRY AO, DIALLO MOS, CAMARA A, DELAMOU A, LE MARCIS F, FORTES DENGUENOVO L, PODA A, ALHASSANE A, MOHAMED B, SAVADOGO M, TOLNO A, DIAKITE D, Oury KEITA M, CISSOKO Y. [Second Soguipit Congress "emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases in Africa: governance, challenges and prospects". 13 - 14 October 2022, Conakry, Guinea]. Med Trop Sante Int 2023; 3:mtsi.v3i2.2023.393. [PMID: 37525678 PMCID: PMC10387312 DOI: 10.48327/mtsi.v3i2.2023.393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mamadou Saliou SOW
- Service des Maladies Infectieuses, Hôpital national Donka, CHU Conakry, BP: 234, Conakry, Guinée
| | - Alice DESCLAUX
- Service des Maladies Infectieuses, Hôpital national Donka, CHU Conakry, BP: 234, Conakry, Guinée
| | - Alpha Kabinet KEITA
- Service des Maladies Infectieuses, Hôpital national Donka, CHU Conakry, BP: 234, Conakry, Guinée
| | - Abdoulaye MAKANERA
- Service des Maladies Infectieuses, Hôpital national Donka, CHU Conakry, BP: 234, Conakry, Guinée
| | - Mamadou Abdoulaye TRAORE
- Service des Maladies Infectieuses, Hôpital national Donka, CHU Conakry, BP: 234, Conakry, Guinée
| | - Abdoulaye TRAORE
- Service des Maladies Infectieuses, Hôpital national Donka, CHU Conakry, BP: 234, Conakry, Guinée
| | - Abdoulaye TOURE
- Service des Maladies Infectieuses, Hôpital national Donka, CHU Conakry, BP: 234, Conakry, Guinée
| | - Michel SAGNO
- Service des Maladies Infectieuses, Hôpital national Donka, CHU Conakry, BP: 234, Conakry, Guinée
| | - Moustapha DIOP
- Service des Maladies Infectieuses, Hôpital national Donka, CHU Conakry, BP: 234, Conakry, Guinée
| | - Abdoulaye Oury BARRY
- Service des Maladies Infectieuses, Hôpital national Donka, CHU Conakry, BP: 234, Conakry, Guinée
| | | | - Alioune CAMARA
- Service des Maladies Infectieuses, Hôpital national Donka, CHU Conakry, BP: 234, Conakry, Guinée
| | - Alexandre DELAMOU
- Service des Maladies Infectieuses, Hôpital national Donka, CHU Conakry, BP: 234, Conakry, Guinée
| | - Frederic LE MARCIS
- Service des Maladies Infectieuses, Hôpital national Donka, CHU Conakry, BP: 234, Conakry, Guinée
| | - Louise FORTES DENGUENOVO
- Service des Maladies Infectieuses, Hôpital national Donka, CHU Conakry, BP: 234, Conakry, Guinée
| | - Armel PODA
- Service des Maladies Infectieuses, Hôpital national Donka, CHU Conakry, BP: 234, Conakry, Guinée
| | - Aboubacar ALHASSANE
- Service des Maladies Infectieuses, Hôpital national Donka, CHU Conakry, BP: 234, Conakry, Guinée
| | - Boushab MOHAMED
- Service des Maladies Infectieuses, Hôpital national Donka, CHU Conakry, BP: 234, Conakry, Guinée
| | - Mamoudou SAVADOGO
- Service des Maladies Infectieuses, Hôpital national Donka, CHU Conakry, BP: 234, Conakry, Guinée
| | - Alphonse TOLNO
- Service des Maladies Infectieuses, Hôpital national Donka, CHU Conakry, BP: 234, Conakry, Guinée
| | - Dembo DIAKITE
- Service des Maladies Infectieuses, Hôpital national Donka, CHU Conakry, BP: 234, Conakry, Guinée
| | - Mamadou Oury KEITA
- Service des Maladies Infectieuses, Hôpital national Donka, CHU Conakry, BP: 234, Conakry, Guinée
| | - Yacouba CISSOKO
- Service des Maladies Infectieuses, Hôpital national Donka, CHU Conakry, BP: 234, Conakry, Guinée
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24
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Moya VSR, Águila LA, Camara NM, Cisse SD, Mamady D, Keïta S, Bakary KM, Pérez LD, Casañas ED. Interferon in the treatment of ill adults with Covid-19 in the Republic of Guinea. Afr Health Sci 2023; 23:43-55. [PMID: 38223582 PMCID: PMC10782291 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v23i2.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Effective and safe antiviral treatments are required to refrain the COVID-19. Objectives Investigate the efficacy and safety of interferon in the treatment of COVID-19. Methods The inclusion criteria were patients who gave their signed consent, with detection confirmed by RT-PCR of SARS-CoV-2, 18 years and older. Patients received therapy as per the Guinea COVID-19 protocol in the group B; the group A received the same treatment including administration of interferon. The outcome measures the time to negative conversion of SARS-CoV-2, mortality, patients transferred to ICU and safety, according to the reports of adverse events. Results 345 patients were included, 171 in the group A and 174 in the group B. After the treatments, the RT-PCR negative results were attained in the patients in the group A in 9.15±4.79 days and in those in the group B in 14.83±6.67 days. No patient in the group A had to be transferred to ICU, and they all survived; in the group B, 26 patients were transferred to ICU and six of them died. There were eight adverse events with causality relation with interferon administration. Conclusions The interferon resulted effective and safe in contributing to the viral replication conversion to negative results in shorter time and to survival.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ladys Alfonso Águila
- Communitarian Teaching Policlinic “Mario Muñoz Monroy”, Vertientes, Camagüey, Cuba
| | | | | | | | - Sakoba Keïta
- National Agency for Public Health Safety, Republic of Guinea
| | | | - Lianet Díaz Pérez
- National Center for Animal and Plant, San José de las Lajas, Mayabeque, Cuba
| | - Elaine Díaz Casañas
- National Center for Animal and Plant, San José de las Lajas, Mayabeque, Cuba
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Longet S, Leggio C, Bore JA, Key S, Tipton T, Hall Y, Koundouno FR, Bower H, Bhattacharyya T, Magassouba N, Günther S, Henao-Restrapo AM, Rossman JS, Konde MK, Fornace K, Carroll MW. Influence of Landscape Patterns on Exposure to Lassa Fever Virus, Guinea. Emerg Infect Dis 2023; 29:304-313. [PMID: 36692336 PMCID: PMC9881776 DOI: 10.3201/eid2902.212525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Lassa fever virus (LASV) is the causative agent of Lassa fever, a disease endemic in West Africa. Exploring the relationships between environmental factors and LASV transmission across ecologically diverse regions can provide crucial information for the design of appropriate interventions and disease monitoring. We investigated LASV exposure in 2 ecologically diverse regions of Guinea. Our results showed that exposure to LASV was heterogenous between and within sites. LASV IgG seropositivity was 11.9% (95% CI 9.7%-14.5%) in a coastal study site in Basse-Guinée, but it was 59.6% (95% CI 55.5%-63.5%) in a forested study site located in Guinée Forestière. Seropositivity increased with age in the coastal site. We also found significant associations between exposure risk for LASV and landscape fragmentation in coastal and forested regions. Our study highlights the potential link between environmental change and LASV emergence and the urgent need for research on land management practices that reduce disease risks.
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Baldé MSA, Diallo ML. Prevalence and factors associated with alcohol consumption in a high school in northern Guinea. Drug Alcohol Rev 2023; 42:450-455. [PMID: 36267008 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and factors associated with alcohol use in a high school in the Middle Guinea region in West Africa. METHODS An analytical cross-sectional study involving 342 high school students was conducted in November 2019 at the Mali centre high school. A questionnaire adapted from the standardised questionnaire validated by the World Health Organization as part of the Global Student Health Surveys was used for data collection. Students were asked about their alcohol use in the 30 days preceding the survey. Using logistic regression, we performed a multivariate analysis that controlled for independent variables to identify factors associated with alcohol use. RESULTS The age range was 14-27 years. The prevalence of alcohol consumption was 12.28% (95% confidence interval [CI] 8.80, 16.10). Note that 89.80% of the sample studied did not know of any harmful effects of alcohol on health. In a multivariate analysis, we showed that alcohol use was associated with tobacco use (adjusted odds ratio 24.82, 95% CI 20.73, 26.30) and having close friends who also consume alcohol (adjusted odds ratio 4.16, 95% CI 3.63, 6.37). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The substantial prevalence of alcohol use, the high proportion of ignorance of the harmful effects of alcohol, and the reasons for the initial motivation for alcohol use found in this study should attract the attention of stakeholders. An action plan based on the two factors associated found could fight alcohol use at Mali centre high school.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamadou S A Baldé
- Planning, Training and Research Section, Mali Health District, Guinea
| | - Mamadou L Diallo
- Disease Prevention and Control Section, Mali Health District, Guinea
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Shang WJ, Jing WZ, Liu J, Liu M. Global Epidemic of Ebola Virus Disease and the Importation Risk into China: An Assessment Based on the Risk Matrix Method. Biomed Environ Sci 2023; 36:86-93. [PMID: 36650684 DOI: 10.3967/bes2023.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the global epidemic status of the Ebola virus disease (EVD) and assess the importation risk into China. METHODS Data from World Health Organization reports were used. We described the global epidemic status of EVD from 1976-2021, and assessed and ranked the importation risk of EVD from the disease-outbreaking countries into China using the risk matrix and Borda count methods, respectively. RESULTS From 1976-2021, EVD mainly occurred in western and central Africa, with the highest cumulative number of cases (14,124 cases) in Sierra Leone, and the highest cumulative fatality rate (85%) in the Congo. Outbreaks of EVD have occurred in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Guinea since 2018. The importation risk into China varies across countries with outbreaks of disease. The Democratic Republic of the Congo had an extremely high risk (23 Borda points), followed by Guinea and Liberia. Countries with a moderate importation risk were Nigeria, Uganda, Congo, Sierra Leone, Mali, and Gabon, while countries with a low importation risk included Sudan, Senegal, and Co^te d'Ivoire. CONCLUSION China is under the risk of EVD importation with the globalization and severe epidemic status of EVD. Key attention need to be paid to the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Guinea, and Liberia. Therefore, it is necessary to prevent and prepare in advance for importation risk in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jing Shang
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wen Zhan Jing
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jue Liu
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Min Liu
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
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Keita ML, Kaba A, Telly Diallo I, Kesso Bah M, Sagno M, Goumane A, Bouam A, Drancourt M. Gold Panning-Related Chronic Cutaneous Ulcers in Guinea, West Africa. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2023; 108:221-226. [PMID: 36509061 PMCID: PMC9833079 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.22-0244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic cutaneous ulcers caused potentially by several pathogens are of increasing concern in endemic tropical countries, including Guinea in West Africa, in rural populations exposed to aquatic environments during recreational, domestic, or agricultural activities. By plotting 1,011 cases of chronic cutaneous ulcers classified under the name Buruli ulcer in 24 of 33 Guinea health districts (72%) between 2018 and 2020 against the gold map and gold-panning map of Guinea, we revealed a significant spatial association between chronic cutaneous ulcer foci and gold-panning foci (P < 0.05), but not with nongold-panning foci (P = 0.12) in Guinea. Gold panning should be listed as an additional economic activity exposing populations to chronic cutaneous ulcers. Further research may aim to clarify whether any geological and biologic factors underlie such an association, besides the possibility that the unprotected skin of gold panners may be exposed to opportunistic, pathogen-contaminated environments in gold-panning areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed L. Keita
- Aix Marseille University, Institut National pour le Developpement, Microbes, Evolution, Phylogénie et Infection, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Abdoulaye Kaba
- Bureau of Stratégies and Dévelopment, Ministère de la Santé, Conakry, République de Guinée
| | - Ibrahima Telly Diallo
- Bureau of Stratégies and Dévelopment, Ministère de la Santé, Conakry, République de Guinée
| | - Mariama Kesso Bah
- Programme National de Lutte Contre les Maladies Tropicales Negligées, Ministère de la Santé, Conakry, République de Guinée
| | - Michel Sagno
- Programme National de Lutte Contre les Maladies Tropicales Negligées, Ministère de la Santé, Conakry, République de Guinée
| | - Aboubacar Goumane
- Centre Régional de Dépistage et de Traitement de l’Ulcère de Buruli, Ministère de la Santé, N’zerekoré, République de Guinée
| | - Amar Bouam
- Aix Marseille University, Institut National pour le Developpement, Microbes, Evolution, Phylogénie et Infection, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Michel Drancourt
- Aix Marseille University, Institut National pour le Developpement, Microbes, Evolution, Phylogénie et Infection, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
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Albus SL, Harrison RE, Moudachirou R, Nanan-N’Zeth K, Haba B, Casas EC, Isaakidis P, Diallo A, Camara I, Doumbuya M, Sako FB, Cisse M. Poor outcomes among critically ill HIV-positive patients at hospital discharge and post-discharge in Guinea, Conakry: A retrospective cohort study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281425. [PMID: 36913379 PMCID: PMC10010544 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Optimal management of critically ill HIV-positive patients during hospitalization and after discharge is not fully understood. This study describes patient characteristics and outcomes of critically ill HIV-positive patients hospitalized in Conakry, Guinea between August 2017 and April 2018 at discharge and 6 months post-discharge. METHODS We carried out a retrospective observational cohort study using routine clinical data. Analytic statistics were used to describe characteristics and outcomes. RESULTS 401 patients were hospitalized during the study period, 230 (57%) were female, median age was 36 (IQR: 28-45). At admission, 229 patients (57%) were on ART, median CD4 was 64 cells/mm3, 166 (41%) had a VL >1000 copies/ml, and 97 (24%) had interrupted treatment. 143 (36%) patients died during hospitalisation. Tuberculosis was the major cause of death for 102 (71%) patients. Of 194 patients that were followed after hospitalization a further 57 (29%) were lost-to-follow-up (LTFU) and 35 (18%) died, 31 (89%) of which had a TB diagnosis. Of all patients who survived a first hospitalisation, 194 (46%) were re-hospitalised at least once more. Amongst those LTFU, 34 (59%) occurred immediately after hospital discharge. CONCLUSION Outcomes for critically ill HIV-positive patients in our cohort were poor. We estimate that 1-in-3 patients remained alive and in care 6 months after their hospital admission. This study shows the burden of disease on a contemporary cohort of patients with advanced HIV in a low prevalence, resource limited setting and identifies multiple challenges in their care both during hospitalisation as well as during and after re-transitioning to ambulatory care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Ludwig Albus
- Medecins Sans Frontieres, Guinea Mission, Operational Centre Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
- * E-mail:
| | - Rebecca E. Harrison
- Medecins Sans Frontieres, Guinea Mission, Operational Centre Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Ramzia Moudachirou
- Medecins Sans Frontieres, Guinea Mission, Operational Centre Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Kassi Nanan-N’Zeth
- Medecins Sans Frontieres, Guinea Mission, Operational Centre Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Benoit Haba
- Medecins Sans Frontieres, Guinea Mission, Operational Centre Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Esther C. Casas
- Medecins Sans Frontieres, Southern African Medical Unit, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Petros Isaakidis
- Medecins Sans Frontieres, Southern African Medical Unit, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Abdourahimi Diallo
- Medecins Sans Frontieres, Guinea Mission, Operational Centre Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Issiaga Camara
- Gamal Abdel Nasser University of Conakry Faculty of Medicine, Unite de Soins, Formation et de la Recherche (USFR), Conakry, Guinea
| | - Marie Doumbuya
- Gamal Abdel Nasser University of Conakry Faculty of Medicine, Unite de Soins, Formation et de la Recherche (USFR), Conakry, Guinea
| | - Fode Bangaly Sako
- Gamal Abdel Nasser University of Conakry Faculty of Medicine, Unite de Soins, Formation et de la Recherche (USFR), Conakry, Guinea
| | - Mohammed Cisse
- Gamal Abdel Nasser University of Conakry Faculty of Medicine Pharmacy and Odonto- Stomatology, Conakry, Guinea
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Doucet MH, Songbono CT, Plazy M, Martin C, Fritzell C, Sow MS, Traoré FA, Jaspard M, Poda A, Malvy D, Marcy O, Delamou A, Orne-Gliemann J. Perceptions of COVID-19 among communities of Conakry (Guinea): a qualitative study exploring the context of the ANRS COV33 Coverage-Africa therapeutic trial. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e061715. [PMID: 36574985 PMCID: PMC9805824 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-061715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore communities' perceptions about COVID-19 in the context of the ANRS COV33 Coverage-Africa clinical trial evaluating the efficacy of treatments in preventing clinical worsening of COVID-19. DESIGN Descriptive qualitative study using semistructured in-depth individual interviews conducted by telephone in French and Soussou between May and September 2021. Data were transcribed, translated in French when applicable and analysed with the thematic analysis method. SETTING The eight neighbourhoods most affected by COVID-19 in Conakry's urban context, capital of Guinea. PARTICIPANTS 4 community leaders acting as key informants-providing insights regarding population's opinions-and six community members, who were exposed to an information session conducted as part of Coverage-Africa. RESULTS According to participants, community members have heterogeneous viewpoints about COVID-19: it exists and is dangerous; it is benign ('bad cold'); or it is fictitious (eg, government conspiracy). The fear of stigmatisation and social isolation of those sick or cured of COVID-19 was largely reported by participants, with illustrations of distressing situations for the victims. To avoid stigma, many patients seem to adopt strategies of discretion (eg, lying/hiding about the disease). Although community attitudes were reported to have evolved since the beginning of the epidemic, stigma remained a pervasive concern for many people. CONCLUSIONS Community perceptions about COVID-19 in Conakry may be partly explained by the Guinean context of Ebola history and of sociopolitical tensions. Stigmatisation of COVID+ people seems to be aimed at protecting others against contamination. However, social avoidance can greatly affect the morale of stigmatised people, especially in collectivist cultures like Guinea. Further investigating stigma, including its role on seeking COVID-19 screening and treatment services, and its consequences on mental health among affected/exposed people, would contribute to identifying improved prevention and care interventions in preparation for future health threats, and to promoting participation in health research. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT04920838 (Pre-results stage).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Hélène Doucet
- Team GHiGS, University of Bordeaux, National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD), Bordeaux Population Health Research Centre, UMR 1219, Bordeaux, France
| | - Christine Timbo Songbono
- Alliance for International Medical Action (ALIMA), Conakry, Guinea
- Africa Center of Excellence (CEA-PCMT), University Gamal Abdel Nasser, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Mélanie Plazy
- Team GHiGS, University of Bordeaux, National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD), Bordeaux Population Health Research Centre, UMR 1219, Bordeaux, France
| | - Caroline Martin
- Alliance for International Medical Action (ALIMA), Conakry, Guinea
| | - Camille Fritzell
- Team GHiGS, University of Bordeaux, National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD), Bordeaux Population Health Research Centre, UMR 1219, Bordeaux, France
| | - Mamadou Saliou Sow
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Donka National Hospital, Conakry, Guinea
- Infectious Diseases, University Gamal Abdel Nasser, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Fodé Amara Traoré
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Donka National Hospital, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Marie Jaspard
- Team GHiGS, University of Bordeaux, National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD), Bordeaux Population Health Research Centre, UMR 1219, Bordeaux, France
- Department of Emerging Infectious Disease Research, Alliance for International Medical Action (ALIMA), Paris, France
| | - Armel Poda
- Department of Infectious Diseases, CHU Sourô Sanou, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Denis Malvy
- Department of General Practice, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University Hospital Centre Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Olivier Marcy
- Team GHiGS, University of Bordeaux, National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD), Bordeaux Population Health Research Centre, UMR 1219, Bordeaux, France
| | - Alexandre Delamou
- Africa Center of Excellence (CEA-PCMT), University Gamal Abdel Nasser, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Joanna Orne-Gliemann
- Team GHiGS, University of Bordeaux, National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD), Bordeaux Population Health Research Centre, UMR 1219, Bordeaux, France
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Maltais S, Brière S, Yaya S. Comment la résilience post-Ebola en Guinée contribue à la gestion de la COVID-19 ? Sante Publique 2022; 34:557-567. [PMID: 36577682 DOI: 10.3917/spub.224.0557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Introduction : The case of Ebola in Guinea (2013-2016) revealed weaknesses in the resilience of the health system and highlighted the challenge of coordinating all actors in the response. After the epidemic, national authorities and their international partners began to strengthen the health system. In 2021, Guinea faced COVID-19 simultaneously with the resurgence of Ebola and other diseases with epidemic potential.Purpose of research : The objective of this article is to analyze the evolution of the five characteristics of health resilience of Kruk et al. (2015) in the Guinean context. To do this, data triangulation was carried out through a literature review, 41 semi-structured interviews with international, national and local stakeholders, and 37 events observed in the post-Ebola period.Results : Our results show that the characteristic of integration was the most important in our study. This is because of the importance of coordination, communication and information sharing among stakeholders during crises. Then, diversity exposes the need to be able to face several health challenges simultaneously. Efforts were focused on Ebola during the first outbreak, but since the COVID-19 pandemic, Guinea has been able to cope with several health challenges. Raising awareness, on the other hand, necessitates an understanding of the context, its strengths, and weaknesses. Guinea learned lessons from Ebola and implemented a program to strengthen the emergency response system. On self-regulation, the speed of the response relies on mechanisms for early detection, notification, and response. The country is now well resourced and has proven information and response mechanisms. Finally, constant adaptability by taking into account lessons learned allows us to set course and prepare for other potential crises and this is what is being done constantly.Conclusions : Given Guinea’s ubiquitous fragility before Ebola, the health system is still not fully resilient. However, gains in each of the characteristics of resilience improve the response to COVID-19.
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Lebarbenchon C, Goodman SM, Hoarau AOG, Le Minter G, Dos Santos A, Schoeman MC, Léculier C, Raoul H, Gudo ES, Mavingui P. Bombali Ebolavirus in Mops condylurus Bats (Molossidae), Mozambique. Emerg Infect Dis 2022; 28:2583-2585. [PMID: 36418002 PMCID: PMC9707587 DOI: 10.3201/eid2812.220853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We detected Bombali ebolavirus RNA in 3 free-tailed bats (Mops condylurus, Molossidae) in Mozambique. Sequencing of the large protein gene revealed 98% identity with viruses previously detected in Sierra Leone, Kenya, and Guinea. Our findings further support the suspected role of Mops condylurus bats in maintaining Bombali ebolavirus.
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Mulenga-Cilundika P, Ekofo J, Kabanga C, Criel B, Van Damme W, Chenge F. Indirect Effects of Ebola Virus Disease Epidemics on Health Systems in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Guinea, Sierra Leone and Liberia: A Scoping Review Supplemented with Expert Interviews. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:13113. [PMID: 36293703 PMCID: PMC9602680 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) epidemics have been extensively documented and have received large scientific and public attention since 1976. Until July 2022, 16 countries worldwide had reported at least one case of EVD, resulting in 43 epidemics. Most of the epidemics occurred in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) but the largest epidemic occurred from 2014-2016 in Guinea, Sierra Leone and Liberia in West Africa. The indirect effects of EVD epidemics on these countries' health systems, i.e., the consequences beyond infected patients and deaths immediately related to EVD, can be significant. The objective of this review was to map and measure the indirect effects of the EVD epidemics on the health systems of DRC, Guinea, Sierra Leone and Liberia and, from thereon, draw lessons for strengthening their resilience vis-à-vis future EVD outbreaks and other similar health emergencies. A scoping review of published articles from the PubMed database and gray literature was conducted. It was supplemented by interviews with experts. Eighty-six articles were included in this review. The results were structured based on WHO's six building blocks of a health system. During the EVD outbreaks, several healthcare services and activities were disrupted. A significant decline in indicators of curative care utilization, immunization levels and disease control activities was noticeable. Shortages of health personnel, poor health data management, insufficient funding and shortages of essential drugs characterized the epidemics that occurred in the above-mentioned countries. The public health authorities had virtually lost their leadership in the management of an EVD response. Governance was characterized by the development of a range of new initiatives to ensure adequate response. The results of this review highlight the need for countries to invest in and strengthen their health systems, through the continuous reinforcement of the building blocks, even if there is no imminent risk of an epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Mulenga-Cilundika
- Centre de Connaissances en Santé en République Démocratique du Congo, Kinshasa 3088, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lubumbashi, Lubumbashi 1825, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Joel Ekofo
- Centre de Connaissances en Santé en République Démocratique du Congo, Kinshasa 3088, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Chrispin Kabanga
- Centre de Connaissances en Santé en République Démocratique du Congo, Kinshasa 3088, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Bart Criel
- Centre de Connaissances en Santé en République Démocratique du Congo, Kinshasa 3088, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Wim Van Damme
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Faustin Chenge
- Centre de Connaissances en Santé en République Démocratique du Congo, Kinshasa 3088, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lubumbashi, Lubumbashi 1825, Democratic Republic of the Congo
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Koundouno FR, Kafetzopoulou LE, Faye M, Renevey A, Soropogui B, Ifono K, Nelson EV, Kamano AA, Tolno C, Annibaldis G, Millimono SL, Camara J, Kourouma K, Doré A, Millimouno TE, Tolno FMB, Hinzmann J, Soubrier H, Hinrichs M, Thielebein A, Herzer G, Pahlmann M, Ki-Zerbo GA, Formenty P, Legand A, Wiley MR, Faye O, Diagne MM, Sall AA, Lemey P, Bah A, Günther S, Keita S, Duraffour S, Magassouba N. Detection of Marburg Virus Disease in Guinea. N Engl J Med 2022; 386:2528-2530. [PMID: 35767445 PMCID: PMC7613962 DOI: 10.1056/nejmc2120183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fara R Koundouno
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Annick Renevey
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Kékoura Ifono
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Emily V Nelson
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Aly A Kamano
- World Health Organization Guinea, Conakry, Guinea
| | | | | | - Saa L Millimono
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Karifa Kourouma
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Julia Hinzmann
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hugo Soubrier
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mette Hinrichs
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anke Thielebein
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Glaucia Herzer
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Meike Pahlmann
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Stephan Günther
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sakoba Keita
- Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Sophie Duraffour
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - N'Faly Magassouba
- Laboratoire des Fièvres Hémorragiques Virales de Guinée, Conakry, Guinea
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Ahinkorah BO, Budu E, Seidu AA, Agbaglo E, Adu C, Osei D, Banke-Thomas A, Yaya S. Socio-economic and proximate determinants of under-five mortality in Guinea. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0267700. [PMID: 35511875 PMCID: PMC9070918 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The death of children under-five years is one of the critical issues in public health and improving child survival continues to be a matter of urgent concern. In this paper, we assessed the proximate and socio-economics determinants of child mortality in Guinea. Methods Using the 2018 Guinea Demographic and Health Survey (GDHS), we extracted demographic and mortality data of 4,400 children under-five years. Both descriptive and multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted. Results Under-five mortality was 111 deaths per 1,000 live births in Guinea. The likelihood of death was higher among children born to mothers who belong to other religions compared to Christians (aOR = 2.86, 95% CI: 1.10–7.41), smaller than average children compared to larger than average children (aOR = 1.97, 95% CI: 1.28–3.04) and those whose mothers had no postnatal check-up visits after delivery (aOR = 1.72, 95% CI: 1.13–2.63). Conversely, the odds of death in children with 2–3 birth rank & >2 years of birth interval compared to ≥4 birth rank and ≤2 years of birth interval were low (aOR = 0.53, 95% CI: 0.34–0.83). Conclusion We found that household/individual-level socioeconomic and proximate factors predict under-five mortality in Guinea. With just about a decade left to the 2030 deadline of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), concerted efforts across all key stakeholders, including government and development partners, need to be geared towards implementing interventions that target these predictors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bright Opoku Ahinkorah
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
| | | | - Abdul-Aziz Seidu
- Department of Real Estate Management, Faculty of Built and Natural Environment, Takoradi Technical University, Takoradi, Ghana
- Centre for Gender and Advocacy, Takoradi Technical University, Takoradi, Ghana
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Ebenezer Agbaglo
- Department of English, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Collins Adu
- Department of Health Promotion, Education and Disability, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Dorothy Osei
- Department of Health Promotion, Education and Disability, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Aduragbemi Banke-Thomas
- School of Human Sciences, University of Greenwich, London, United Kingdom
- LSE Health, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sanni Yaya
- School of International Development and Global Studies, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- The George Institute for Global Health, The University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Tibbels N, Hendrickson Z, Mills H, Sidibé S, Vondrasek C, Gurman T. The Salience of Trust to the Client-Provider Relationship in Post-Ebola Guinea: Findings From a Qualitative Study. Glob Health Sci Pract 2022; 10:GHSP-D-21-00429. [PMID: 35294384 PMCID: PMC8885337 DOI: 10.9745/ghsp-d-21-00429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This qualitative study in post-Ebola Guinea showed that trust was a salient construct for clients making health care-seeking decisions in a postemergency setting. This analysis argues for global health programs to build trust between clients and the health system by addressing underlying domains of trust as defined by the clients themselves. Lack of trust in the health care system can serve as a barrier to service utilization, especially in pandemic and postemergency settings. Although previous research has identified domains of trust that contribute to individuals’ trust in the health system, little research exists from low- and middle-income countries, particularly during and after infectious disease outbreaks. The current study—conducted to inform activities for a post-Ebola program—explored perceptions and experiences of health care provision in post-Ebola Guinea, with particular attention to trust. Researchers conducted in-depth interviews with health workers (n=15) and mothers of young children (n=29) along with 12 focus group discussions with grandmothers of young children and 12 with male heads of household. The study occurred in Basse Guinée and Guinée Forestière—2 areas hardest hit by Ebola. Respondents identified a breach of trust during the epidemic, with several domains emerging as relevant for renewed trust and care-seeking practices. At the core of a trusting client-provider relationship was the inherent belief that providers had an intrinsic duty to treat clients well. From there, perceived provider competence, the hospitality at the facility, provider empathy, transparency about costs, and commitment to confidentiality emerged as relevant influences on participant trust in providers. Community members and providers expressed similar viewpoints regarding trust and discussed the role of open communication and community mobilization in rebuilding trust. Study findings informed a variety of program activities, including the development of campaign messages and interpersonal communication trainings for health workers. This study provides valuable insight about some underlying components of trust that can provide key leverage points to rebuild trust and promote care seeking in postemergency settings. This insight is informing program activities in the current Ebola response in Guinea and could be useful in other crises, such as the global coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Tibbels
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Center for Communication Programs, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Zoé Hendrickson
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Center for Communication Programs, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hannah Mills
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Center for Communication Programs, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sidikiba Sidibé
- Johns Hopkins Center for Communication Programs-Guinea, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Claudia Vondrasek
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Center for Communication Programs, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tilly Gurman
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Center for Communication Programs, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Gurman T, Harris D, Sidibé S. Findings and Implications From an Evaluation of the Gold Star Campaign in Post-Ebola Guinea: The Role of Gender and Education. Glob Health Sci Pract 2022; 10:GHSP-D-21-00427. [PMID: 35294383 PMCID: PMC8885355 DOI: 10.9745/ghsp-d-21-00427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
During public health crises, such as an Ebola epidemic, people may lose trust in local health facilities. Short-duration mass media campaigns can improve attitudes about the quality of health facilities for men and women and can play an important role in encouraging future health service utilization. In post-Ebola Guinea, the Health Communication Capacity Collaborative (HC3) project worked to rebuild trust in the health system and increase the utilization of reproductive, maternal, neonatal, and child health services. Core to HC3 Guinea was the promotion of quality local health centers through the Gold Star campaign (2016–2017). The current study aimed to determine the relationship between campaign exposure and attitudes/intentions regarding local health centers, to inform communication efforts in future epidemics. Between June–July 2017, HC3 Guinea conducted a telephone survey with men (n=1,000) and women (n=2,000) aged 18–49 years. Multivariate regression analyses estimated the association between campaign exposure and attitudinal/intention outcomes for the overall sample as well as for gender- and education-stratified samples. Survey results indicated that more than 30% of the sample recalled either the campaign (32.5%) or logo (37.6%). Statistically significant associations existed between exposure and various attitudinal outcomes. For example, regardless of gender/level of education, campaign recall was strongly associated with agreeing that the local health center improved in the last 6 months. Given that the campaign itself was short in duration, it is encouraging that attitudes changed with campaign exposure. Although a greater percentage of women than men held positive attitudes about health facilities, men seemed more influenced by campaign exposure. The current study provides evidence that mass media campaigns can help rebuild trust in health care facilities after an epidemic. Study findings also stress the value of conducting stratified analyses by important demographic characteristics (e.g., gender, education). Stratified analyses can help identify meaningful differences and better tailor health promotion activities and achieve greater success. The recent recurrence of Ebola in Guinea has resulted in renewed discussions about ways to incorporate these evaluation findings into current programming, including exploring ways to address gender considerations in message design and overall program strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tilly Gurman
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Center for Communication Programs Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Darriel Harris
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sidikiba Sidibé
- Johns Hopkins Center for Communication Programs-Guinea, Conakry, Guinea
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Zegeye B, Ahinkorah BO, Ameyaw EK, Budu E, Seidu AA, Olorunsaiye CZ, Yaya S. Disparities in use of skilled birth attendants and neonatal mortality rate in Guinea over two decades. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2022; 22:56. [PMID: 35062893 PMCID: PMC8783403 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-021-04370-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal mortality remains high in sub-Saharan African countries, including Guinea. Skilled birth attendance (SBA) is one of the crucial interventions to avert preventable obstetric complications and related maternal deaths. However, within-country inequalities prevent a large proportion of women from receiving skilled birth attendance. Scarcity of evidence related to this exists in Guinea. Hence, this study investigated the magnitude and trends in socioeconomic and geographic-related inequalities in SBA in Guinea from 1999 to 2016 and neonatal mortality rate (NMR) between 1999 and 2012. METHODS We derived data from three Guinea Demographic and Health Surveys (1999, 2005 and 2012) and one Guinea Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (2016). For analysis, we used the 2019 updated WHO Health Equity Assessment Toolkit (HEAT). We analyzed inequalities in SBA and NMR using Population Attributable Risk (PAR), Population Attributable Fraction (PAF), Difference (D) and Ratio (R). These summary measures were computed for four equity stratifiers: wealth, education, place of residence and subnational region. We computed 95% Uncertainty Intervals (UI) for each point estimate to show whether or not observed SBA inequalities and NMR are statistically significant and whether or not disparities changed significantly over time. RESULTS A total of 14,402 for SBA and 39,348 participants for NMR were involved. Profound socioeconomic- and geographic-related inequalities in SBA were found favoring the rich (PAR = 33.27; 95% UI: 29.85-36.68), educated (PAR = 48.38; 95% UI: 46.49-50.28), urban residents (D = 47.03; 95% UI: 42.33-51.72) and regions such as Conakry (R = 3.16; 95% UI: 2.31-4.00). Moreover, wealth-driven (PAF = -21.4; 95% UI: -26.1, -16.7), education-related (PAR = -16.7; 95% UI: -19.2, -14.3), urban-rural (PAF = -11.3; 95% UI: -14.8, -7.9), subnational region (R = 2.0, 95% UI: 1.2, 2.9) and sex-based (D = 12.1, 95% UI; 3.2, 20.9) inequalities in NMR were observed between 1999 and 2012. Though the pattern of inequality in SBA varied based on summary measures, both socioeconomic and geographic-related inequalities decreased over time. CONCLUSIONS Disproportionate inequalities in SBA and NMR exist among disadvantaged women such as the poor, uneducated, rural residents, and women from regions like Mamou region. Hence, empowering women through education and economic resources, as well as prioritizing SBA for these disadvantaged groups could be key steps toward ensuring equitable SBA, reduction of NMR and advancing the health equity agenda of "no one left behind."
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Affiliation(s)
- Betregiorgis Zegeye
- HaSET Maternal and Child Health Research Program, Shewarobit Field Office, Shewarobit, Ethiopia
| | - Bright Opoku Ahinkorah
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
| | - Edward Kwabena Ameyaw
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
| | - Eugene Budu
- Department of Population and Health, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Abdul-Aziz Seidu
- Department of Population and Health, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Sanni Yaya
- School of International Development and Global Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, 120 University Private, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada.
- The George Institute for Global Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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Reynolds E, Martel LD, Bah MO, Bah M, Bah MB, Boubacar B, Camara N, Camara YB, Corvil S, Diallo BI, Diallo IT, Diallo MK, Diallo MT, Diallo T, Guilavogui S, Hemingway-Foday JJ, Hann F, Kaba A, Kaba AK, Kande M, Lamarana DM, Middleton K, Sidibe N, Souare O, Standley CJ, Stolka KB, Tchwenko S, Worrell MC, MacDonald PDM. Implementation of DHIS2 for Disease Surveillance in Guinea: 2015–2020. Front Public Health 2022; 9:761196. [PMID: 35127614 PMCID: PMC8811041 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.761196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A robust epidemic-prone disease surveillance system is a critical component of public health infrastructure and supports compliance with the International Health Regulations (IHR). One digital health platform that has been implemented in numerous low- and middle-income countries is the District Health Information System Version 2 (DHIS2). In 2015, in the wake of the Ebola epidemic, the Ministry of Health in Guinea established a strategic plan to strengthen its surveillance system, including adoption of DHIS2 as a health information system that could also capture surveillance data. In 2017, the DHIS2 platform for disease surveillance was piloted in two regions, with the aim of ensuring the timely availability of quality surveillance data for better prevention, detection, and response to epidemic-prone diseases. The success of the pilot prompted the national roll-out of DHIS2 for weekly aggregate disease surveillance starting in January 2018. In 2019, the country started to also use the DHIS2 Tracker to capture individual cases of epidemic-prone diseases. As of February 2020, for aggregate data, the national average timeliness of reporting was 72.2%, and average completeness 98.5%; however, the proportion of individual case reports filed was overall low and varied widely between diseases. While substantial progress has been made in implementation of DHIS2 in Guinea for use in surveillance of epidemic-prone diseases, much remains to be done to ensure long-term sustainability of the system. This paper describes the implementation and outcomes of DHIS2 as a digital health platform for disease surveillance in Guinea between 2015 and early 2020, highlighting lessons learned and recommendations related to the processes of planning and adoption, pilot testing in two regions, and scale up to national level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eileen Reynolds
- Research Triangle Institute International, Durham, NC, United States
- *Correspondence: Eileen Reynolds
| | - Lise D. Martel
- Division of Global Health Protection, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | | | - Marlyatou Bah
- Research Triangle Institute International, Conakry, Guinea
| | | | - Barry Boubacar
- Research Triangle Institute International, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Nouhan Camara
- Research Triangle Institute International, Conakry, Guinea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Telly Diallo
- Research Triangle Institute International, Conakry, Guinea
| | | | | | - Fatoumata Hann
- Research Triangle Institute International, Conakry, Guinea
| | | | | | - Mohamed Kande
- Research Triangle Institute International, Conakry, Guinea
| | | | - Kathy Middleton
- Division of Global Health Protection, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - N'valy Sidibe
- Research Triangle Institute International, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Ousmane Souare
- Research Triangle Institute International, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Claire J. Standley
- Center for Global Health Science and Security, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Kristen B. Stolka
- Research Triangle Institute International, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Samuel Tchwenko
- Division of Global Health Protection, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Mary Claire Worrell
- Division of Global Health Protection, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Pia D. M. MacDonald
- Research Triangle Institute International, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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Sovogui MD, Lamah PL, Zoumanigui C, Tolno TE, Vonor K. Connaissances, attitudes et pratiques relatives à la cataracte et au glaucome dans la population de Conakry en Guinée. Pan Afr Med J 2022; 42:9. [PMID: 35685385 PMCID: PMC9142775 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2022.42.9.30311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Dantouma Sovogui
- Clinique Ophtalmologique Bartimée, Conakry, Guinée Conakry
- Université de Conakry, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques de la Santé, Conakry, Guinée Conakry
- Corresponding author: Maxime Dantouma Sovogui, Université de Conakry, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques de la Santé, Conakry, Guinée Conakry.
| | - Pierre Louis Lamah
- Clinique Ophtalmologique Bartimée, Conakry, Guinée Conakry
- Université de Conakry, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques de la Santé, Conakry, Guinée Conakry
| | | | | | - Kokou Vonor
- Centre Hospitalier Régional de Kara, Kara, Togo
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Diallo MSK, Toure A, Sow MS, Kpamou C, Keita AK, Taverne B, Peeters M, Msellati P, Barry TA, Etard JF, Ecochard R, Delaporte E. Understanding Long-term Evolution and Predictors of Sequelae of Ebola Virus Disease Survivors in Guinea: A 48-Month Prospective, Longitudinal Cohort Study (PostEboGui). Clin Infect Dis 2021; 73:2166-2174. [PMID: 33621316 PMCID: PMC8677527 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciab168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Longitudinal analyses are needed to better understand long-term Ebola virus disease (EVD) sequelae. We aimed to estimate the prevalence, incidence, and duration of sequelae and to identify risk factors associated with symptom occurrence among EVD survivors in Guinea. Methods We followed 802 EVD survivors over 48 months and recorded clinical symptoms with their start/end dates. Prevalence, incidence, and duration of sequelae were calculated. Risk factors associated with symptom occurrence were assessed using an extended Cox model for recurrent events. Results Overall, the prevalence and incidence of all symptoms decreased significantly over time, but sequelae remained present 48 months after Ebola treatment center discharge with a prevalence of 30.68% (95% confidence interval [CI] 21.40–39.96) for abdominal, 30.55% (95% CI 20.68–40.41) for neurologic, 5.80% (95% CI 1.96–9.65) for musculoskeletal, and 4.24% (95% CI 2.26–6.23) for ocular sequelae. Half of all patients (50.70%; 95% CI 47.26–54.14) complained of general symptoms 2 years’ postdischarge and 25.35% (95% CI 23.63–27.07) 4 years’ post-discharge. Hemorrhage (hazard ratio [HR], 2.70; P = .007), neurologic (HR 2.63; P = .021), and general symptoms (HR 0.34; P = .003) in the EVD acute phase were significantly associated with the further occurrence of ocular sequelae, whereas hemorrhage (HR 1.91; P = .046) and abdominal (HR 2.21; P = .033) symptoms were significantly associated with musculoskeletal sequelae. Conclusions Our findings provide new insight into the long-term clinical complications of EVD and their significant association with symptoms in the acute phase, thus reinforcing the importance of regular, long-term follow-up for EVD survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamadou Saliou Kalifa Diallo
- IRD/INSERM/Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
- Centre de Recherche et de Formation en Infectiologie de Guinée, Université Gamal Abdel Nasser de Conakry, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Abdoulaye Toure
- Centre de Recherche et de Formation en Infectiologie de Guinée, Université Gamal Abdel Nasser de Conakry, Conakry, Guinea
- Institut National de Santé Publique, Conakry, Guinea
| | | | - Cécé Kpamou
- Centre de Recherche et de Formation en Infectiologie de Guinée, Université Gamal Abdel Nasser de Conakry, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Alpha Kabinet Keita
- IRD/INSERM/Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
- Centre de Recherche et de Formation en Infectiologie de Guinée, Université Gamal Abdel Nasser de Conakry, Conakry, Guinea
| | | | | | | | - Thierno Alimou Barry
- Centre de Recherche et de Formation en Infectiologie de Guinée, Université Gamal Abdel Nasser de Conakry, Conakry, Guinea
| | | | - René Ecochard
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service de Biostatistique, Lyon, France
- CNRS UMR 5558 Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive, Équipe Biostatistique-Santé, Villeurbanne, France
- Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Eric Delaporte
- IRD/INSERM/Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
- Correspondence: E. Delaporte, IRD UMI233-INSERM U1175, Montpellier University, Délégation Régionale Occitanie, 911 avenue Agropolis, BP 64501, Montpellier Montpellier, France ()
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Grayo S, Troupin C, Diagne MM, Sagno H, Ellis I, Doukouré B, Diallo A, Bart JM, Kaba ML, Henry B, Muyisa BS, Sow MS, Dia N, Faye O, Keita S, Tordo N. SARS-CoV-2 Circulation, Guinea, March 2020-July 2021. Emerg Infect Dis 2021; 28:457-460. [PMID: 34906290 PMCID: PMC8798712 DOI: 10.3201/eid2802.212182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This overview of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 circulation over 1.5 years in Guinea demonstrates that virus clades and variants of interest and concern were progressively introduced, mostly by travellers through Conakry, before spreading through the country. Sequencing is key to following virus evolution and establishing efficient control strategies.
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Naidenova EV, Kartashov MY, Zakharov KS, Shevtsova AP, Diallo MG, Nourdine I, Bah MB, Boumbaly S, Shcherbakova SA, Kutyrev VV. [Study of the prevalence of antibodies to some arboviruses in the population of the Republic of Guinea]. Vopr Virusol 2021; 66:346-353. [PMID: 34738450 DOI: 10.36233/0507-4088-74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acute febrile diseases kill more than 250,000 people annually in West Africa. Malaria and typhoid fever traditionally occupy most of the total structure of registered fevers. However, these data do not fully reflect the true overall disease patterns in the West African region. This is due to the fact that diagnosis is mainly based on the clinical signs of the infectious process, suggesting that a certain number of diseases may be caused by arboviruses. The detection of specific antibodies (ABs) to infectious pathogens in the blood sera of residents of a particular area is a reliable indicator of the circulation of these pathogens in a particular territory.The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of antibodies to a number of arboviruses: Dengue (DENV), West Nile (WNV) (family Flaviviridae), Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (orthonairo)virus (CCHFV), Batai (Batai virus), Bhanja (BHAV) (order Bunyavirales), Chikungunya (CHIKV), and Sindbis (SINV) (family Togaviridae) in the population of the Republic of Guinea. MATERIAL AND METHODS In total, a panel of 2,620 blood serum samples from people living in all landscape and geographical areas of Guinea was collected for the study. Detection of IgG antibodies was performed using an enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA). RESULTS In total, ABs to Batai virus were detected in 144 samples (5.5%), BHAV in 58 (2.2%), WNV in 892 (34.0 %), DENV in 659 (25.2 %), CCHFV in 58 (2.2 %), CHIKV in 339 (12.9 %), and SINV in 52 samples (2.0 %). DISCUSSION The obtained results indicate serological evidence of the spectrum of arboviruses in the population of all landscape and geographical zones of the Republic of Guinea, confirming their active circulation in this territory. CONCLUSION Given the high epidemiological significance of arbovirus infectious diseases, it is an urgent task to continue studying its share in the structure of febrile diseases in the territory of the Republic of Guinea.
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Affiliation(s)
- E V Naidenova
- FSHI Russian Research Anti-Plague Institute «Microbe» of the Federal Service for Surveillance of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing (Rospotrebnadzor)
| | - M Yu Kartashov
- FSBI State Scientific Center of Virology and Biotechnology «Vector» of the Federal Service for Surveillance of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing (Rospotrebnadzor)
| | - K S Zakharov
- FSHI Russian Research Anti-Plague Institute «Microbe» of the Federal Service for Surveillance of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing (Rospotrebnadzor)
| | - A P Shevtsova
- FSHI Russian Research Anti-Plague Institute «Microbe» of the Federal Service for Surveillance of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing (Rospotrebnadzor)
| | | | - I Nourdine
- Research Institute of Applied Biology of Guinea
| | - M B Bah
- Research Institute of Applied Biology of Guinea
| | - S Boumbaly
- Research Institute of Applied Biology of Guinea
| | - S A Shcherbakova
- FSHI Russian Research Anti-Plague Institute «Microbe» of the Federal Service for Surveillance of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing (Rospotrebnadzor)
| | - V V Kutyrev
- FSHI Russian Research Anti-Plague Institute «Microbe» of the Federal Service for Surveillance of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing (Rospotrebnadzor)
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Clark J, Yakob L, Douno M, Lamine J, Magassouba N'F, Fichet-Calvet E, Mari-Saez A. Domestic risk factors for increased rodent abundance in a Lassa fever endemic region of rural Upper Guinea. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20698. [PMID: 34667210 PMCID: PMC8526584 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00113-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Lassa fever (LF) is a viral haemorrhagic fever endemic in West Africa and spread primarily by the multimammate rat, Mastomys natalensis. As there is no vaccine, reduction of rodent-human transmission is essential for disease control. As the household is thought to be a key site of transmission, understanding domestic risk factors for M. natalensis abundance is crucial. Rodent captures in conjunction with domestic surveys were carried out in 6 villages in an area of rural Upper Guinea with high LF endemicity. 120 rodent traps were set in rooms along a transect in each village for three nights, and the survey was administered in each household on the transects. This study was able to detect several domestic risk factors for increased rodent abundance in rural Upper Guinea. Regression analysis demonstrated that having > 8 holes (RR = 1.8 [1.0004-3.2, p = 0.048), the presence of rodent burrows (RR = 2.3 [1.6-3.23, p = 0.000003), and being in a multi-room square building (RR = 2.0 [1.3-2.9], p = 0.001) were associated with increased rodent abundance. The most addressable of these may be rodent burrows, as burrow patching is a relatively simple process that may reduce rodent entry. Further study is warranted to explicitly link domestic rodent abundance to LF risk, to better characterize domestic risk factors, and to evaluate how household rodent-proofing interventions could contribute to LF control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Clark
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Laith Yakob
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Moussa Douno
- Projet des Fièvres Hémorragiques en Guinée, Laboratoire de Recherche en Virologie, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Joseph Lamine
- Mercy Hospital Research Laboratory, Bo, Sierra Leone
| | - N 'Faly Magassouba
- Projet des Fièvres Hémorragiques en Guinée, Laboratoire de Recherche en Virologie, Conakry, Guinea
| | | | - Almudena Mari-Saez
- Centre for International Health Protection, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany.
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Müller SA, Diallo AOK, Rocha C, Wood R, Landsmann L, Camara BS, Schlindwein L, Tounkara O, Arvand M, Diallo M, Borchert M. Mixed methods study evaluating the implementation of the WHO hand hygiene strategy focusing on alcohol based handrub and training among health care workers in Faranah, Guinea. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0256760. [PMID: 34437634 PMCID: PMC8389517 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The most frequent adverse health events in healthcare worldwide are healthcare-associated infection. Despite ongoing implementation of the WHO multimodal Hand Hygiene (HH) Improvement Strategy, healthcare-associated infection rate continues to be twofold higher in low- than in high-income countries. This study focused on continued evaluation of HH compliance and knowledge. The mixed method approach, with inclusion of patients and care-givers, provided insight into challenges and facilitators of the WHO HH Improvement Strategy, and highlighted improvement points. Methods An uncontrolled, before-and–after intervention, mixed methods study in Faranah Regional Hospital was conducted from December 2017 to August 2019. The intervention implemented the WHO HH Strategy including HH training for healthcare workers (HCWs), and the relaunch of the local production of alcohol-based handrub (ABHR). A baseline assessment of HH knowledge, perception and compliance of HCWs was done prior to the intervention and compared to two follow-up assessments. The second follow-up assessment was complemented by a qualitative component. Results Overall compliance six months post-intervention was 45.1% and significantly higher than baseline but significantly lower than in first follow-up. Knowledge showed similar patterns of improvement and waning. The perception survey demonstrated high appreciation of the intervention, such as local production of ABHR. HCW’s were concerned about overconsuming of ABHR, however simultaneous quantitative measurements showed that consumption in fact was 36% of the estimated amount needed for sufficient HH compliance. Potential fields for improvement identified by HCWs to enhance sustainability were permanent ABHR availability, having a dedicated person with ownership over continuous simulation HH trainings including simulations to improve technique. Conclusion The study shows that the WHO multimodal HH strategy has a positive effect on HCW compliance and knowledge. Improvement points identified by local staff like sensitization on appropriate ABHR amount per HH action should be considered for sustainable HH improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Alice Müller
- Centre for International Health Protection, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Carlos Rocha
- Centre for International Health Protection, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rebekah Wood
- Centre for International Health Protection, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lena Landsmann
- Unit for Hospital Hygiene, Infection Prevention and Control, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bienvenu Salim Camara
- Centre National de Formation et de Recherche en Santé Rurale de Maferinyah, Maférinya, Guinea
| | | | | | - Mardjan Arvand
- Unit for Hospital Hygiene, Infection Prevention and Control, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Matthias Borchert
- Centre for International Health Protection, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
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Sayre D, Camara A, Barry Y, Deen TB, Camara D, Dioubaté M, Camara I, Keita K, Diakité N, Lo Y, Bah I, Camara HF, Condé MS, Fofana A, Sarr A, Lama E, Irish S, Plucinski M. Combined Epidemiologic and Entomologic Survey to Detect Urban Malaria Transmission, Guinea, 2018. Emerg Infect Dis 2021; 27:599-602. [PMID: 33496219 PMCID: PMC7853535 DOI: 10.3201/eid2702.191701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria incidence is generally lower in cities than rural areas. However, reported urban malaria incidence may not accurately reflect the level of ongoing transmission, which has potentially large implications for prevention efforts. To guide mosquito net distribution, we assessed the extent of malaria transmission in Conakry, Guinea, in 2018. We found evidence of active malaria transmission.
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Mubemba B, Chanove E, Mätz-Rensing K, Gogarten JF, Düx A, Merkel K, Röthemeier C, Sachse A, Rase H, Humle T, Banville G, Tchoubar M, Calvignac-Spencer S, Colin C, Leendertz FH. Yaws Disease Caused by Treponema pallidum subspecies pertenue in Wild Chimpanzee, Guinea, 2019. Emerg Infect Dis 2021; 26:1283-1286. [PMID: 32441635 PMCID: PMC7258472 DOI: 10.3201/eid2606.191713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Yaws-like lesions are widely reported in wild African great apes, yet the causative agent has not been confirmed in affected animals. We describe yaws-like lesions in a wild chimpanzee in Guinea for which we demonstrate infection with Treponema pallidum subsp. pertenue. Assessing the conservation implications of this pathogen requires further research.
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48
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Barry TS, Ngesa O, Onyango NO, Mwambi H. Bayesian Spatial Modeling of Anemia among Children under 5 Years in Guinea. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:6447. [PMID: 34203582 PMCID: PMC8296283 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18126447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Anemia is a major public health problem in Africa, affecting an increasing number of children under five years. Guinea is one of the most affected countries. In 2018, the prevalence rate in Guinea was 75% for children under five years. This study sought to identify the factors associated with anemia and to map spatial variation of anemia across the eight (8) regions in Guinea for children under five years, which can provide guidance for control programs for the reduction of the disease. Data from the Guinea Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS5) 2016 was used for this study. A total of 2609 children under five years who had full covariate information were used in the analysis. Spatial binomial logistic regression methodology was undertaken via Bayesian estimation based on Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) using WinBUGS software version 1.4. The findings in this study revealed that 77% of children under five years in Guinea had anemia, and the prevalences in the regions ranged from 70.32% (Conakry) to 83.60% (NZerekore) across the country. After adjusting for non-spatial and spatial random effects in the model, older children (48-59 months) (OR: 0.47, CI [0.29 0.70]) were less likely to be anemic compared to those who are younger (0-11 months). Children whose mothers had completed secondary school or above had a 33% reduced risk of anemia (OR: 0.67, CI [0.49 0.90]), and children from household heads from the Kissi ethnic group are less likely to have anemia than their counterparts whose leaders are from Soussou (OR: 0.48, CI [0.23 0.92]).
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierno Souleymane Barry
- Mathematics (Statistics Option) Program, Pan African University Institute for Basic Sciences, Technology and Innovation (PAUISTI), Nairobi 62000-00200, Kenya
| | - Oscar Ngesa
- Department of Mathematics and Physical Sciences, Taita Taveta University, Voi 635-80300, Kenya;
| | - Nelson Owuor Onyango
- School of Mathematics, College of Biology and Physical Sciences, University of Nairobi, Nairobi 30197, Kenya;
| | - Henry Mwambi
- School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa;
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49
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Dedkov VG, Magassouba N, Stukolova OA, Savina VA, Camara J, Soropogui B, Safonova MV, Semizhon P, Platonov AE. Differential Laboratory Diagnosis of Acute Fever in Guinea: Preparedness for the Threat of Hemorrhagic Fevers. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:6022. [PMID: 34205104 PMCID: PMC8199941 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18116022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Acute febrile illnesses occur frequently in Guinea. Acute fever itself is not a unique, hallmark indication (pathognomonic sign) of any one illness or disease. In the infectious disease context, fever's underlying cause can be a wide range of viral or bacterial pathogens, including the Ebola virus. In this study, molecular and serological methods were used to analyze samples from patients hospitalized with acute febrile illness in various regions of Guinea. This analysis was undertaken with the goal of accomplishing differential diagnosis (determination of causative pathogen) in such cases. As a result, a number of pathogens, both viral and bacterial, were identified in Guinea as causative agents behind acute febrile illness. In approximately 60% of the studied samples, however, a definitive determination could not be made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir G. Dedkov
- Pasteur Institute, Federal Service on Consumers’ Rights Protection and Human Well-Being Surveillance, 197101 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (V.A.S.); (A.E.P.)
- Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology, Tropical and Vector Borne Diseases, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119435 Moscow, Russia
| | - N’Faly Magassouba
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Université Gamal Abdel Nasser de Conakry, Projet de Recherche sur les Fièvres Hémorragiques en Guinée, 001 B1568 Conakry, Guinea; (N.M.); (J.C.); (B.S.)
| | - Olga A. Stukolova
- Central Research Institute for Epidemiology, Federal Service on Consumers’ Rights Protection and Human Well-Being Surveillance, 111123 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Victoria A. Savina
- Pasteur Institute, Federal Service on Consumers’ Rights Protection and Human Well-Being Surveillance, 197101 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (V.A.S.); (A.E.P.)
| | - Jakob Camara
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Université Gamal Abdel Nasser de Conakry, Projet de Recherche sur les Fièvres Hémorragiques en Guinée, 001 B1568 Conakry, Guinea; (N.M.); (J.C.); (B.S.)
| | - Barrè Soropogui
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Université Gamal Abdel Nasser de Conakry, Projet de Recherche sur les Fièvres Hémorragiques en Guinée, 001 B1568 Conakry, Guinea; (N.M.); (J.C.); (B.S.)
| | - Marina V. Safonova
- Anti-Plague Center, Federal Service on Consumers’ Rights Protection and Human Well-Being Surveillance, 119121 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Pavel Semizhon
- The Republican Research and Practical Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, 220114 Minsk, Belarus;
| | - Alexander E. Platonov
- Pasteur Institute, Federal Service on Consumers’ Rights Protection and Human Well-Being Surveillance, 197101 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (V.A.S.); (A.E.P.)
- Central Research Institute for Epidemiology, Federal Service on Consumers’ Rights Protection and Human Well-Being Surveillance, 111123 Moscow, Russia;
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50
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Thom R, Tipton T, Strecker T, Hall Y, Akoi Bore J, Maes P, Raymond Koundouno F, Fehling SK, Krähling V, Steeds K, Varghese A, Bailey G, Matheson M, Kouyate S, Coné M, Moussa Keita B, Kouyate S, Richard Ablam A, Laenen L, Vergote V, Guiver M, Timothy J, Atkinson B, Ottowell L, Richards KS, Bosworth A, Longet S, Mellors J, Pannetier D, Duraffour S, Muñoz-Fontela C, Sow O, Koivogui L, Newman E, Becker S, Sprecher A, Raoul H, Hiscox J, Henao-Restrepo AM, Sakoba K, Magassouba N, Günther S, Kader Konde M, Carroll MW. Longitudinal antibody and T cell responses in Ebola virus disease survivors and contacts: an observational cohort study. Lancet Infect Dis 2021; 21:507-516. [PMID: 33065039 PMCID: PMC7553754 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(20)30736-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 2013-16 Ebola virus disease epidemic in west Africa caused international alarm due to its rapid and extensive spread resulting in a significant death toll and social unrest within the affected region. The large number of cases provided an opportunity to study the long-term kinetics of Zaire ebolavirus-specific immune response of survivors in addition to known contacts of those infected with the virus. METHODS In this observational cohort study, we worked with leaders of Ebola virus disease survivor associations in two regions of Guinea, Guéckédou and Coyah, to recruit survivors of Ebola virus disease, contacts from households of individuals known to have had Ebola virus disease, and individuals who were not knowingly associated with infected individuals or had not had Ebola virus disease symptoms to serve as negative controls. We did Zaire ebolavirus glycoprotein-specific T cell analysis on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) on location in Guinea and transported plasma and PBMCs back to Europe for antibody quantification by ELISA, functional neutralising antibody analysis using live Zaire ebolavirus, and T cell phenotype studies. We report on the longitudinal cellular and humoral response among Ebola virus disease survivors and highlight potentially paucisymptomatic infection. FINDINGS We recruited 117 survivors of Ebola virus disease, 66 contacts, and 23 negative controls. The mean neutralising antibody titre among the Ebola virus disease survivors 3-14 months after infection was 1/174 (95% CI 1/136-1/223). Individual results varied greatly from 1/10 to more than 1/1000 but were on average ten times greater than that induced after 1 month by single dose Ebola virus vaccines. Following reactivation with glycoprotein peptide, the mean T cell responses among 116 Ebola virus disease survivors as measured by ELISpot was 305 spot-forming units (95% CI 257-353). The dominant CD8+ polyfunctional T cell phenotype, as measured among 53 Ebola virus disease survivors, was interferon γ+, tumour necrosis factor+, interleukin-2-, and the mean response was 0·046% of total CD8+ T cells (95% CI 0·021-0·071). Additionally, both neutralising antibody and T cell responses were detected in six (9%) of 66 Ebola virus disease contacts. We also noted that four (3%) of 117 individuals with Ebola virus disease infections did not have circulating Ebola virus-specific antibodies 3 months after infection. INTERPRETATION The continuous high titre of neutralising antibodies and increased T cell response might support the concept of long-term protective immunity in survivors. The existence of antibody and T cell responses in contacts of individuals with Ebola virus disease adds further evidence to the existence of sub-clinical Ebola virus infection. FUNDING US Food & Drug Administration, Horizon 2020 EU EVIDENT, Wellcome, UK Department for International Development. TRANSLATION For the French translation of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Antibodies, Viral/blood
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Antibodies, Viral/isolation & purification
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Ebolavirus/immunology
- Ebolavirus/pathogenicity
- Epidemics
- Female
- Guinea/epidemiology
- Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/blood
- Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/immunology
- Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/transmission
- Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/virology
- Humans
- Immunity, Cellular
- Immunity, Humoral
- Infant
- Infant, Newborn
- Longitudinal Studies
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Survivors/statistics & numerical data
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Time Factors
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Thom
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, UK
| | - Thomas Tipton
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, UK
| | - Thomas Strecker
- Institute of Virology, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Yper Hall
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, UK
| | - Joseph Akoi Bore
- Center for Training and Research on Priority Diseases including Malaria in Guinea, Conakry, Guinea; Ministry of Health Guinea, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Piet Maes
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Fara Raymond Koundouno
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany; Ministry of Health Guinea, Conakry, Guinea
| | | | - Verena Krähling
- Institute of Virology, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany; German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Gießen-Marburg-Langen, Marburg, Germany
| | - Kimberley Steeds
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, UK
| | - Anitha Varghese
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, UK
| | - Graham Bailey
- Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - Mary Matheson
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, UK
| | - Saidou Kouyate
- Center for Training and Research on Priority Diseases including Malaria in Guinea, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Moussa Coné
- Center for Training and Research on Priority Diseases including Malaria in Guinea, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Balla Moussa Keita
- Center for Training and Research on Priority Diseases including Malaria in Guinea, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Sekou Kouyate
- Center for Training and Research on Priority Diseases including Malaria in Guinea, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Amento Richard Ablam
- Center for Training and Research on Priority Diseases including Malaria in Guinea, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Lies Laenen
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Malcolm Guiver
- Public Health Laboratory, National Infection Service, Public Health England, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, UK
| | - Joseph Timothy
- Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Barry Atkinson
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, UK
| | - Lisa Ottowell
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, UK
| | - Kevin S Richards
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, UK
| | - Andrew Bosworth
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, UK
| | - Stephanie Longet
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, UK
| | - Jack Mellors
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, UK; Department of Infection Biology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Sophie Duraffour
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany; German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany
| | - César Muñoz-Fontela
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany; German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Oumou Sow
- National Ethics Committee for Health Research, Conakry, Guinea
| | | | - Edmund Newman
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, UK
| | - Stephan Becker
- Institute of Virology, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany; German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Gießen-Marburg-Langen, Marburg, Germany
| | | | - Herve Raoul
- P4 Jean Mérieux-Inserm Laboratory, Lyon, France
| | - Julian Hiscox
- Department of Infection Biology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Keita Sakoba
- Projet Laboratoire Fièvres Hémorragiques, Conakry, Guinea
| | | | - Stephan Günther
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany; German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mandy Kader Konde
- Center for Training and Research on Priority Diseases including Malaria in Guinea, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Miles W Carroll
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, UK; Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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