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Feister J, Najera C, Rankin K, Collins JW. Lifetime Upward Economic Mobility and US-Born Latina Women's Preterm Birth Rates. Matern Child Health J 2024; 28:1086-1091. [PMID: 38308756 PMCID: PMC11058059 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-023-03890-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine whether Latina women's upward economic mobility from early-life residence in impoverished urban neighborhoods is associated with preterm birth (< 37 weeks, PTB) . METHODS Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed on the Illinois transgenerational birth-file with appended US census income information for Hispanic infants (born 1989-1991) and their mothers (born 1956-1976). RESULTS In Chicago, modestly impoverished-born Latina women (n = 1,674) who experienced upward economic mobility had a PTB rate of 8.5% versus 13.1% for those (n = 3,760) with a lifelong residence in modestly impoverished neighborhoods; the unadjusted and adjusted (controlling for age, marital status, adequacy of prenatal care, and cigarette smoking) RR equaled 0.65 (0.47, 0.90) and 0.66 (0.47, 0.93), respectively. Extremely impoverished-born Latina women (n = 2,507) who experienced upward economic mobility across their life-course had a PTB rate of 12.7% versus 15.9% for those (n = 3,849) who had a lifelong residence in extremely impoverished neighborhoods, the unadjusted and adjusted RR equaled 0.8 (0.63. 1.01) and 0.95 (0.75, 1.22), respectively. CONCLUSIONS FOR PRACTICE Latina women's upward economic mobility from early-life residence in modestly impoverished urban neighborhoods is associated with a decreased risk of PTB. A similar trend is absent among their peers with an early-life residence in extremely impoverished areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Feister
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3230 Eden Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA.
- Division of Neonatal and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
| | - Clarissa Najera
- School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, University of Illinois, Chicago, USA
| | - Kristin Rankin
- School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, University of Illinois, Chicago, USA
| | - James W Collins
- Division of Neonatology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, 225 E. Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
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Chen C, Martins M, Nooruzzaman M, Yettapu D, Diel DG, Reinhart JM, Urbasic A, Robinson H, Varga C, Fang Y. Spatial and temporal clustering of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in Illinois household cats, 2021-2023. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299388. [PMID: 38696456 PMCID: PMC11065222 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the seroprevalence and spatial and temporal clustering of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in household cats within 63 counties in Illinois from October 2021 to May 2023. The analysis followed a stepwise approach. First, in a choropleth point map, we illustrated the distribution of county-level seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Next, spatial interpolation was used to predict the seroprevalence in counties without recorded data. Global and local clustering methods were used to identify the extent of clustering and the counties with high or low seroprevalence, respectively. Next, temporal, spatial, and space-time scan statistic was used to identify periods and counties with higher-than-expected seroprevalence. In the last step, to identify more distinct areas in counties with high seroprevalence, city-level analysis was conducted to identify temporal and space-time clusters. Among 1,715 samples tested by serological assays, 244 samples (14%) tested positive. Young cats had higher seropositivity than older cats, and the third quarter of the year had the highest odds of seropositivity. Three county-level space-time clusters with higher-than-expected seroprevalence were identified in the northeastern, central-east, and southwest regions of Illinois, occurring between June and October 2022. In the city-level analysis, 2 space-time clusters were identified in Chicago's downtown and the southwestern suburbs of Chicago between June and September 2022. Our results suggest that the high density of humans and cats in large cities such as Chicago, might play a role in the transmission and clustering of SARS-CoV-2. Our study provides an in-depth analysis of SARS-CoV-2 epidemiology in Illinois household cats, which will aid in COVID-19 control and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Chen
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Mathias Martins
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Mohammed Nooruzzaman
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Dipankar Yettapu
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Diego G. Diel
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Jennifer M. Reinhart
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Ashlee Urbasic
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory at Veterinary Specialty Center, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Buffalo Grove, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Hannah Robinson
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory at Veterinary Specialty Center, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Buffalo Grove, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Csaba Varga
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Ying Fang
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
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Landolfi JA, Kinsel MJ, Anchor G, Feldmann M, Anchor C. Parasitism and branchitis in various fish species from 4 Cook County, Illinois inland freshwater lakes, 5-year survey, 2017-2021. J Vet Diagn Invest 2024; 36:368-379. [PMID: 38372172 DOI: 10.1177/10406387241231288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
We investigated disease trends of concern for fish or public health in a 5-y (2017-2021) prospective survey of fish in Cook County, IL, inland lakes. Lesions were assessed in relation to fish species, lake type and location, season and collection year, and lake water chemistry parameters. Fish included bullheads (n = 98), common carp (n = 99), bluegill (n = 114), and largemouth bass (n = 118). Annually, fish collection and point-source water sampling were conducted in spring, summer, and fall from both seepage and impoundment lakes. Examinations included autopsy, wet-mount cytologic assessment for ectoparasites, and histopathology. No lesions of public health concern were detected. The most common abnormalities were branchitis (261 of 429; 60.8%) and endoparasitism (312 of 429; 72.7%). Branchitis was mild in most cases (189 of 261; 72.4%) and concurrent with branchial parasitism in 175 of 261 (67%) cases. Monogeneans were the most common gill parasites but did not influence branchitis severity (Kruskal-Wallis, p = 0.484). Using generalized ordered logistic regression, predictors of branchitis severity included fish species (p < 0.001), the interaction of lake or location and alkalinity (p < 0.001), and water temperature or season (p < 0.001). Endoparasites included tissue larval trematodes (metacercaria), nematodes, and cestodes (plerocercoids), enteric acanthocephalans, gastric trematodes, renal myxosporidia, biliary and gall bladder myxosporidia, enteric cestodes, and tissue microsporidia. Using generalized ordered logistic regression, variables influencing endoparasitism severity included species (p < 0.001), year (p < 0.001), chloride level (p = 0.009), and the interaction of year and chloride level (p < 0.001). Our results suggested overall good health of fish in sampled Cook County inland lakes and provide a foundation for continued monitoring of ecosystem and public health in the urban environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Landolfi
- University of Illinois Zoological Pathology Program (ZPP), Brookfield, IL, USA
| | - Michael J Kinsel
- University of Illinois Zoological Pathology Program (ZPP), Brookfield, IL, USA
| | - Gretchen Anchor
- University of Illinois Zoological Pathology Program (ZPP), Brookfield, IL, USA
| | | | - Chris Anchor
- Forest Preserve District of Cook County, Elgin, IL, USA
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Castonguay FM, Barnes A, Jeon S, Fornoff J, Adhikari BB, Fischer LS, Greening B, Hassan AO, Kahn EB, Kang GJ, Kauerauf J, Patrick S, Vohra S, Meltzer MI. Estimated public health impact of concurrent mask mandate and vaccinate-or-test requirement in Illinois, October to December 2021. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1013. [PMID: 38609903 PMCID: PMC11010411 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18203-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Facing a surge of COVID-19 cases in late August 2021, the U.S. state of Illinois re-enacted its COVID-19 mask mandate for the general public and issued a requirement for workers in certain professions to be vaccinated against COVID-19 or undergo weekly testing. The mask mandate required any individual, regardless of their vaccination status, to wear a well-fitting mask in an indoor setting. METHODS We used Illinois Department of Public Health's COVID-19 confirmed case and vaccination data and investigated scenarios where masking and vaccination would have been reduced to mimic what would have happened had the mask mandate or vaccine requirement not been put in place. The study examined a range of potential reductions in masking and vaccination mimicking potential scenarios had the mask mandate or vaccine requirement not been enacted. We estimated COVID-19 cases and hospitalizations averted by changes in masking and vaccination during the period covering October 20 to December 20, 2021. RESULTS We find that the announcement and implementation of a mask mandate are likely to correlate with a strong protective effect at reducing COVID-19 burden and the announcement of a vaccinate-or-test requirement among frontline professionals is likely to correlate with a more modest protective effect at reducing COVID-19 burden. In our most conservative scenario, we estimated that from the period of October 20 to December 20, 2021, the mask mandate likely prevented approximately 58,000 cases and 1,175 hospitalizations, while the vaccinate-or-test requirement may have prevented at most approximately 24,000 cases and 475 hospitalizations. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that mask mandates and vaccine-or-test requirements are vital in mitigating the burden of COVID-19 during surges of the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- François M Castonguay
- National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Health Economics and Modeling Unit, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 7101 Avenue du Parc, Local 3180, QC H3N 1X9, Atlanta, Georgia.
- Contact Tracing and Innovation Section (CTIS), State Tribal Local and Territorial (STLT) Task Force, CDC COVID-19 Response; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Modeling Support Team, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Georgia.
- Department of Health Management, Evaluation and Policy, University of Montreal School of Public Health, and Centre for Public Health Research - CReSP, 7101 Av du Parc, 3E Étage, Montréal, QC, H3N 1X9, Canada.
| | - Arti Barnes
- Illinois Department of Public Health, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Seonghye Jeon
- National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Health Economics and Modeling Unit, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 7101 Avenue du Parc, Local 3180, QC H3N 1X9, Atlanta, Georgia
- Contact Tracing and Innovation Section (CTIS), State Tribal Local and Territorial (STLT) Task Force, CDC COVID-19 Response; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Modeling Support Team, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jane Fornoff
- Illinois Department of Public Health, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Bishwa B Adhikari
- National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Health Economics and Modeling Unit, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 7101 Avenue du Parc, Local 3180, QC H3N 1X9, Atlanta, Georgia
- Contact Tracing and Innovation Section (CTIS), State Tribal Local and Territorial (STLT) Task Force, CDC COVID-19 Response; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Modeling Support Team, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Leah S Fischer
- National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Health Economics and Modeling Unit, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 7101 Avenue du Parc, Local 3180, QC H3N 1X9, Atlanta, Georgia
- Contact Tracing and Innovation Section (CTIS), State Tribal Local and Territorial (STLT) Task Force, CDC COVID-19 Response; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Modeling Support Team, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Bradford Greening
- National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Health Economics and Modeling Unit, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 7101 Avenue du Parc, Local 3180, QC H3N 1X9, Atlanta, Georgia
- Contact Tracing and Innovation Section (CTIS), State Tribal Local and Territorial (STLT) Task Force, CDC COVID-19 Response; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Modeling Support Team, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | - Emily B Kahn
- National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Health Economics and Modeling Unit, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 7101 Avenue du Parc, Local 3180, QC H3N 1X9, Atlanta, Georgia
- Contact Tracing and Innovation Section (CTIS), State Tribal Local and Territorial (STLT) Task Force, CDC COVID-19 Response; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Modeling Support Team, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Gloria J Kang
- National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Health Economics and Modeling Unit, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 7101 Avenue du Parc, Local 3180, QC H3N 1X9, Atlanta, Georgia
- Contact Tracing and Innovation Section (CTIS), State Tribal Local and Territorial (STLT) Task Force, CDC COVID-19 Response; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Modeling Support Team, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Judy Kauerauf
- Illinois Department of Public Health, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Sarah Patrick
- Illinois Department of Public Health, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Sameer Vohra
- Illinois Department of Public Health, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Martin I Meltzer
- National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Health Economics and Modeling Unit, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 7101 Avenue du Parc, Local 3180, QC H3N 1X9, Atlanta, Georgia
- Contact Tracing and Innovation Section (CTIS), State Tribal Local and Territorial (STLT) Task Force, CDC COVID-19 Response; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Modeling Support Team, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Georgia
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Kang H, Clary K, Zhao Z, Quintero Silva L, Bobitt J. Characteristics of Cannabis and Opioid Users Among Older U.S. Veterans and Their Health Outcomes: A Longitudinal Perspective. J Psychoactive Drugs 2024; 56:157-167. [PMID: 36919533 DOI: 10.1080/02791072.2023.2186286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Medical cannabis use among U.S. Veterans has continued to rise. However, data on cannabis use by older Veterans is generally less available. This study aims to understand the characteristics of older Veterans who enrolled in the Medical Cannabis Patient Program in Illinois and analyze their health outcomes and co-use of cannabis and opioids using longitudinal survey data. Overall, participants reported positive outcomes for pain, sleep, and emotional problems because of cannabis use in two survey periods. Approximately, 62% and 85% respondents reported no change in memory and falls, respectively, with only 3% and 1% reporting a negative outcome for the conditions in both surveys. About 20.4% of those who indicated cannabis use only in the initial survey started to co-use opioids in the follow-up survey, while 44.1% of those who indicated the use of both substances in the initial survey reported no longer using opioids in the follow-up survey. However, these changes were not statistically significant (α = 0.05 ) . The logistic regression showed that both clinical and contextual factors affected co-use. In conclusion, older U.S. Veterans may be using cannabis to alleviate their pain and other chronic conditions. More research is needed to understand the effect of cannabis use on reducing or substituting opioids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyojung Kang
- College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Kelly Clary
- School of Social Work, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, USA
| | - Ziang Zhao
- Department of Statistics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Laura Quintero Silva
- College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Julie Bobitt
- College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Walker J, Madigan D, Friedman LS, Forst L. Injuries Among Hispanic/Latinx Agricultural Workers Seen in Illinois Hospitals. J Agromedicine 2024; 29:246-256. [PMID: 38108302 DOI: 10.1080/1059924x.2023.2293826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Agriculture is a dangerous industry, with evidence indicating a disproportionate burden among Hispanic/Latinx workers. There is a need to expand the utilization of different data systems to improve the surveillance of precarious workers within agriculture. This analysis describes inclusion criteria to identify farm-related injuries and illnesses in hospital data utilizing ICD-10 codes to better assess health equity issues involving Hispanic/Latinx workers and their associated costs. METHODS Discharge data of agriculture-related injuries and illnesses treated in Illinois hospitals and emergency departments from 2018 to 2021 were extracted using ICD-10 diagnosis and location of injury codes. Injury cause, nature, severity, and course of clinical care are stratified by ethnicity. Multivariable models were developed to assess differences in injury severity, level of care required, and cost of care. RESULTS We identified 3,745 farm-related injuries and illnesses treated in Illinois hospitals between 2018 and 2021, of which 196 involved Hispanic/Latinx individuals. Hispanic/Latinx patients were substantially younger and disproportionately covered by workers' compensation insurance or uninsured. Compared to non-Hispanic/Latinx individuals, Hispanic/Latinx patients suffered injuries from different mechanisms, particularly involving animals and cutting/piercing instruments. While non-Hispanic/Latinx individuals demonstrated more severe injuries based on the descriptive statistics, after controlling for confounding (particularly age), we did not observe ethnic disparities in injury severity or level of care required. However, the cost of care was equivalent to or higher among Hispanic/Latinx persons. CONCLUSION The case definition used for this analysis identified agriculture-related cases and provided insights on the course of clinical care by ethnicity. This strategy would likely yield valuable information in states with larger and more diverse agricultural workforces. More targeted research to appropriately scope the issue and inform interventions is needed to understand differential exposure and reduce agricultural workplace hazards and address the financial burden resulting from farm-related injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared Walker
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Dana Madigan
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lee S Friedman
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Linda Forst
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
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Bemis K, Frias M, Giovanni S, Shackour T, Reid HD, Morgan J, TeKippe M, Christiansen D. Notes from the Field: Measles Outbreak - Cook County, Illinois, October-November 2023. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2024; 73:229-230. [PMID: 38483848 PMCID: PMC10948190 DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7310a3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
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Rehbein MM, Viadero R, Hunt JR, Miller C. The Role of Temperature, Wind Speed, and Precipitation on the Abundance of Culex Species and West Nile Virus Infection Rate in Rural West-Central Illinois. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 2024; 40:1-10. [PMID: 38314881 DOI: 10.2987/23-7152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
While most research on West Nile virus (WNV) and its main vector, the Culex mosquito, has been conducted in laboratory or urban settings, studies with field-caught mosquitoes in rural areas, such as west-central Illinois, are lacking. The objective of this research was to investigate key abiotic factors using macroclimate data, including temperature, precipitation, and wind speed, to determine their influence on field-caught mosquito abundance in 4 rural counties in Illinois from 2014 to 2016. Additionally, the relationship between minimum infection rate (MIR) and thermal time was examined. Using gravid traps at 15 sites, Culex mosquitoes were collected twice a week. A total of 5,255 adult female Culex mosquitoes (Cx. pipiens, Cx. quinquefasciatus, and Cx. restuans) were collected in 2014; 9,138 in 2015; and 5,702 in 2016. Regression models were developed based on outcomes of relationships between field-caught mosquitoes and abiotic factors. Precipitation and thermal time had the most significant relationship with mosquito abundance (r2 = 0.993 and r2 = 0.993, respectively), while wind speed was less (r2 = 0.714). The greatest number of Culex and the highest annual MIR were observed in 2015, which was also the driest of the 3 sampling seasons. Mosquito abundance was observed to increase with warmer degree days and MIR was found to increase with abundance in mosquitoes. These models can be used for other mosquito surveillance and monitoring studies in various climate types and environments.
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Gitto L, Tarozzi I, Arunkumar P. Female Homicide Victims in Cook County, Illinois: A Retrospective Review. Am J Forensic Med Pathol 2024; 45:15-19. [PMID: 38228311 DOI: 10.1097/paf.0000000000000908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Female homicide is a broad term that includes any homicide in which the victim is a female, representing the most extreme form of violence against women. This study investigated the characteristics of female homicides to determine the types and characteristics of injury, circumstances of the events, and other aspects in this specific population. The Cook County Medical Examiner's Office files were searched for homicides in female subjects between January 2017 and January 2022, with no limits for age, race, or cause of death. A total of 527 cases met the criteria. Most homicides occurred in Chicago during the summer. The most common cause of death was firearm(s) wounds, followed by sharp force traumas, asphyxia, and blunt force injuries. The remaining deaths were due to combined and "other" mechanisms. Different patterns of injuries were observed at the autopsy. Alleged offenders were mostly male subjects and were frequently in a romantic relationship with the victim, and the reasons for homicide were related to jealousy and personal conflicts. This study offers an overview of homicidal deaths in female subjects in a large metropolitan area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Gitto
- From the Cook County Medical Examiner's Office, Chicago, IL
| | - Ilaria Tarozzi
- Department of Legal Medicine and Risk Management, Modena Local Health Agency, Modena, Italy
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Faherty EAG, Yuce D, Korban C, Bemis K, Kowalski R, Gretsch S, Ramirez E, Poretsky R, Packman A, Leisman KP, Pierce M, Kittner A, Teran R, Pacilli M. Correlation of wastewater surveillance data with traditional influenza surveillance measures in Cook County, Illinois, October 2022-April 2023. Sci Total Environ 2024; 912:169551. [PMID: 38135071 PMCID: PMC10913165 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Influenza is a respiratory illness that can result in serious outcomes, particularly among persons who are immunocompromised, aged <5 years or aged >65 years. Traditional influenza surveillance approaches rely upon syndromic surveillance of emergency departments and public health reporting from clinicians and laboratories. Wastewater surveillance infrastructure developed to monitor SARS-CoV-2 is being used for influenza surveillance in the Chicago area. The goal was to evaluate timeliness and correlations between influenza virus detected through wastewater surveillance and traditional influenza surveillance measures to assess utility of wastewater surveillance for influenza at the county level. Specifically, we measured correlations between influenza virus gene copies in wastewater samples and 1) the number of intensive care unit admissions associated with a diagnosis of influenza, 2) the percentage emergency department (ED) visits for influenza-like-illness, and 3) the percentage of ED visits with influenza diagnosis at discharge2 in Cook County. Influenza concentrations in wastewater were strongly correlated with traditional influenza surveillance measures, particularly for catchment areas serving >100,000 residents. Wastewater indicators lagged traditional influenza surveillance measures by approximately one week when analyzed in cross-correlations. Although wastewater data lagged traditional influenza surveillance measures in this analysis, it can serve as a useful surveillance tool as a complement to syndromic surveillance; it is a form of influenza surveillance that does not rely on healthcare-seeking behavior or reporting by healthcare providers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A G Faherty
- Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, United States of America; Chicago Department of Public Health, United States of America.
| | - Deniz Yuce
- Chicago Department of Public Health, United States of America
| | - Colin Korban
- Chicago Department of Public Health, United States of America
| | - Kelley Bemis
- Cook County Department of Public Health, United States of America
| | - Rishi Kowalski
- Cook County Department of Public Health, United States of America
| | | | - Enrique Ramirez
- Chicago Department of Public Health, United States of America
| | | | | | | | - Melissa Pierce
- University of Illinois System, Discovery Partners Institute, United States of America
| | - Alyse Kittner
- Chicago Department of Public Health, United States of America
| | - Richard Teran
- Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, United States of America; Chicago Department of Public Health, United States of America
| | - Massimo Pacilli
- Chicago Department of Public Health, United States of America
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Garland CE, Geller SE, Koch AR. Adverse Delivery and Neonatal Outcomes Among Women with Severe Maternal Morbidity in Illinois, 2018-2019. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2024; 33:163-170. [PMID: 37972060 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2023.0248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To examine adverse delivery outcomes from 2018 to 2019 severe maternal morbidity (SMM) cases that were reviewed by facility-level review committees in Illinois (n = 666) and describe the burden of adverse delivery outcomes among demographic subgroups, SMM etiology, and whether the SMM event was potentially preventable. Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive analysis of the SMM review cohort. Consistent with expert recommendations to identify SMM for hospital quality review, SMM was defined as any intensive care or critical care unit admission and/or transfusion of four or more units of packed red blood cells from conception to 42 days postpartum. Adverse delivery outcomes were fetal death, low birthweight, preterm birth, neonatal intensive care unit admission, and 5-minute Apgar score <7. Chi square and Fisher's exact tests compared maternal demographic and delivery characteristics between the SMM sample and 2018-2019 deliveries in Illinois. Logistic regression modeled the associations between primary cause of morbidity, maternal race/ethnicity, adverse delivery outcomes, and opportunities to alter the outcome to assess whether the burden of adverse birth outcomes was distributed evenly across subcategories of the cohort. Results: Overall, 53.9% of women with SMM had at least one adverse delivery outcome. SMM events owing to preeclampsia/eclampsia (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 4.41, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.37-8.24) and infection/sepsis (aOR = 4.40, 95% CI = 1.79-11.04) were more likely to be accompanied by adverse delivery outcomes compared with hemorrhage-related SMM. Non-Hispanic Black women with SMM were more likely to have an adverse delivery outcome compared with non-Hispanic White women with SMM (aOR = 1.74, 95% CI = 1.01-3.02). Conclusion: A greater proportion of the SMM review cohort experienced adverse delivery outcomes compared with the overall birthing population in the state. Non-Hispanic Black women with SMM were almost twice as likely to have an adverse delivery outcome compared with non-Hispanic White women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin E Garland
- Center for Research on Women and Gender, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Stacie E Geller
- Center for Research on Women and Gender, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Medicine, Chicago College of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Abigail R Koch
- Center for Research on Women and Gender, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Atanasov V, Barreto N, Franchi L, Whittle J, Meurer J, Weston BW, Luo Q(E, Yuan AY, Zhang R, Black B. Evidence on COVID-19 Mortality and Disparities Using a Novel Measure, COVID excess mortality percentage: Evidence from Indiana, Wisconsin, and Illinois. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0295936. [PMID: 38295114 PMCID: PMC10829977 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 mortality rates increase rapidly with age, are higher among men than women, and vary across racial/ethnic groups, but this is also true for other natural causes of death. Prior research on COVID-19 mortality rates and racial/ethnic disparities in those rates has not considered to what extent disparities reflect COVID-19-specific factors, versus preexisting health differences. This study examines both questions. We study the COVID-19-related increase in mortality risk and racial/ethnic disparities in COVID-19 mortality, and how both vary with age, gender, and time period. We use a novel measure validated in prior work, the COVID Excess Mortality Percentage (CEMP), defined as the COVID-19 mortality rate (Covid-MR), divided by the non-COVID natural mortality rate during the same time period (non-Covid NMR), converted to a percentage. The CEMP denominator uses Non-COVID NMR to adjust COVID-19 mortality risk for underlying population health. The CEMP measure generates insights which differ from those using two common measures-the COVID-MR and the all-cause excess mortality rate. By studying both CEMP and COVID-MRMR, we can separate the effects of background health from Covid-specific factors affecting COVID-19 mortality. We study how CEMP and COVID-MR vary by age, gender, race/ethnicity, and time period, using data on all adult decedents from natural causes in Indiana and Wisconsin over April 2020-June 2022 and Illinois over April 2020-December 2021. CEMP levels for racial and ethnic minority groups can be very high relative to White levels, especially for Hispanics in 2020 and the first-half of 2021. For example, during 2020, CEMP for Hispanics aged 18-59 was 68.9% versus 7.2% for non-Hispanic Whites; a ratio of 9.57:1. CEMP disparities are substantial but less extreme for other demographic groups. Disparities were generally lower after age 60 and declined over our sample period. Differences in socio-economic status and education explain only a small part of these disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Atanasov
- William & Mary, Mason School of Business, Williamsburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Natalia Barreto
- University of Illinois, Champaign-Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Lorenzo Franchi
- Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Jeff Whittle
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - John Meurer
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Benjamin W. Weston
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Qian (Eric) Luo
- George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Andy Ye Yuan
- Northwestern University, Pritzker School of Law, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Ruohao Zhang
- Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Bernard Black
- Northwestern University, Pritzker School of Law and Kellogg School of Management, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
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Meadows SNA, Souza CP, Sander SJ. Dermatophytosis is uncommon in asymptomatic wild eastern cottontail rabbits in Illinois, Midwestern United States. Am J Vet Res 2024; 85:ajvr.23.09.0211. [PMID: 37918123 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.23.09.0211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the presence of dermatophytes on the haircoat of wild eastern cottontail rabbits (ECR) (Sylvilagus floridanus) with and without skin lesions. ANIMALS 2-week-old or older ECR admitted to a Wildlife Medical Clinic (WMC) in central Illinois, Midwest United States, from September 2021 to August 2022. METHODS ECR were surveyed over a 1-year period to assess the prevalence and seasonality of dermatophytosis. A Wood's lamp exam was performed over the haircoat. Hairs were sampled with a sterile toothbrush and plated on Sabouraud dextrose agar. The plates were photographed twice weekly for 3 weeks, and colonies were identified as contaminants or dermatophytes. RESULTS 523 ECR were admitted to WMC, 141 ECR met the age inclusion criteria, and 121 samples were plated. ECR presented as a litter were sampled together. None of the sampled ECR presented skin lesions other than acute traumatic wounds. No fluorescence was observed on any ECR during the Wood's lamp examination. Based on culture colony morphology, 115/121 of the samples were identified as contaminants and no growth was observed in 6/121 of plates. Dermatophytes' colonies were not identified on any of the culture plates. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Dermatophytes are zoonotic fungi and can potentially be carried by wild animals. The fungal infection poses a health concern to humans and domestic pets through direct interaction. Our current results suggest that dermatophytosis may not be prevalent in asymptomatic wild rabbits in the studied areas of the Midwestern United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siobhan N A Meadows
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - Clarissa P Souza
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - Samantha J Sander
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
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Lesnikova I, Obukhau A, Lashmanova N, Braun A, Venkatraman SMK, Vega M, Wolf MY, Arunkumar P. Report of 5146 Cases of Coronavirus Disease 2019-Related Mortality From Cook County, Illinois Causes of Death, Demographics, and Comorbidities. Am J Forensic Med Pathol 2023; 44:285-292. [PMID: 38019948 DOI: 10.1097/paf.0000000000000879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT A cross-sectional study used 5216 laboratory-confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2)-related mortality cases in Cook County of Illinois. The data set included each case's demographic data, manner of death, and comorbidities. The age ranged from 0 to 108 years, with a median of 73.5 years. There were few mortality cases in the age group younger than 30 years, and the incidence of fatal infection increased with age. We demonstrated an increased incidence of mortality in males compared with females (P < 0.01). The urban population had a higher incidence of fatal infection than the suburban population (P < 0.01). We found a significant increase (P < 0.01) in the incidence of fatal coronavirus disease 2019 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) infection in African American males compared with background frequencies. Latino population demonstrated younger ages at death compared with the non-Latino population. Obesity and hypertension significantly predict fatal outcomes in the younger age group. In comparison, dementia and hypertensive and arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease are significant predictive factors in the older age group. In a large data set, we demonstrated that the demographical distribution of the population and comorbidities is associated with the risk of fatal complications and death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iana Lesnikova
- From the St Johns County Medical Examiner's Office, St. Augustine, FL
| | | | | | - Ankica Braun
- Department of Pathology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | | | - Matthew Vega
- Department of Pathology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - Maxim Y Wolf
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MS
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Serinelli S, Gitto L, Arunkumar P. Five-year review (2014-2019) of paediatric accidental deaths in Cook County, Illinois (USA). Med Leg J 2023; 91:186-192. [PMID: 37318061 DOI: 10.1177/00258172231178421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In the USA, intentional and accidental injuries are the most frequent causes of death in children. Many of these deaths could be avoided through preventive measures, and aetiological studies are needed to reduce fatalities. The leading causes of accidental death vary by age. We analysed all paediatric accidental deaths recorded by a busy urban Medical Examiner"s Office in Chicago, Illinois (USA). We searched the electronic database for accidental deaths in children aged under 10 between 1 August 2014 and 31 July 2019. 131 deaths were identified with a preponderance of males and African Americans. This is consistent with ratios of other deaths recorded for this age group (during the same period and area). The leading causes of death were asphyxia due to an unsafe sleeping environment (in subjects <1-year-old), and road traffic accidents/drowning (in subjects >1-year-old). Behaviours, risk factors and environments most likely to contribute to fatal injuries are discussed. Our study highlights the role of forensic pathologists and medico-legal death investigators who identify the causes and circumstances surrounding these deaths. The research results may help from an epidemiological perspective to implement age-specific preventive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lorenzo Gitto
- Cook County Office of Medical Examiner, Chicago, USA
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Teran RA, Gagner A, Gretsch S, Lauritsen J, Galanto D, Walblay K, Ruestow P, Korban C, Pacilli M, Kern D, Black SR, Tabidze I. SARS-CoV-2 Reinfection Risk in Persons with HIV, Chicago, Illinois, USA, 2020-2022. Emerg Infect Dis 2023; 29:2257-2265. [PMID: 37877555 PMCID: PMC10617359 DOI: 10.3201/eid2911.230577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding if persons with HIV (PWH) have a higher risk for SARS-CoV-2 reinfection may help tailor future COVID-19 public health guidance. To determine whether HIV infection was associated with increased risk for SARS-CoV-2 reinfection, we followed adult residents of Chicago, Illinois, USA, with SARS-CoV-2 longitudinally from their first reported infection through May 31, 2022. We matched SARS-CoV-2 laboratory data and COVID-19 vaccine administration data to Chicago's Enhanced HIV/AIDS Reporting System. Among 453,587 Chicago residents with SARS-CoV-2, a total of 5% experienced a SARS-CoV-2 reinfection, including 192/2,886 (7%) PWH and 23,642/450,701 (5%) persons without HIV. We observed higher SARS-CoV-2 reinfection incidence rates among PWH (66 [95% CI 57-77] cases/1,000 person-years) than PWOH (50 [95% CI 49-51] cases/1,000 person-years). PWH had a higher adjusted rate of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection (1.46, 95% CI 1.27-1.68) than those without HIV. PWH should follow the recommended COVID-19 vaccine schedule, including booster doses.
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Webster RW, Nicolli C, Allen TW, Bish MD, Bissonnette K, Check JC, Chilvers MI, Duffeck MR, Kleczewski N, Luis JM, Mueller BD, Paul PA, Price PP, Robertson AE, Ross TJ, Schmidt C, Schmidt R, Schmidt T, Shim S, Telenko DEP, Wise K, Smith DL. Uncovering the environmental conditions required for Phyllachora maydis infection and tar spot development on corn in the United States for use as predictive models for future epidemics. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17064. [PMID: 37816924 PMCID: PMC10564858 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44338-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Phyllachora maydis is a fungal pathogen causing tar spot of corn (Zea mays L.), a new and emerging, yield-limiting disease in the United States. Since being first reported in Illinois and Indiana in 2015, P. maydis can now be found across much of the corn growing regions of the United States. Knowledge of the epidemiology of P. maydis is limited but could be useful in developing tar spot prediction tools. The research presented here aims to elucidate the environmental conditions necessary for the development of tar spot in the field and the creation of predictive models to anticipate future tar spot epidemics. Extended periods (30-day windowpanes) of moderate mean ambient temperature (18-23 °C) were most significant for explaining the development of tar spot. Shorter periods (14- to 21-day windowpanes) of moisture (relative humidity, dew point, number of hours with predicted leaf wetness) were negatively correlated with tar spot development. These weather variables were used to develop multiple logistic regression models, an ensembled model, and two machine learning models for the prediction of tar spot development. This work has improved the understanding of P. maydis epidemiology and provided the foundation for the development of a predictive tool for anticipating future tar spot epidemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard W Webster
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA
| | - Camila Nicolli
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Tom W Allen
- Delta Research and Extension Center, Mississippi State University, Stoneville, MS, 38776, USA
| | - Mandy D Bish
- Division of Plant Science and Technology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Kaitlyn Bissonnette
- Division of Plant Science and Technology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Jill C Check
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Martin I Chilvers
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Maíra R Duffeck
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, 44691, USA
| | - Nathan Kleczewski
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Jane Marian Luis
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, 44691, USA
| | - Brian D Mueller
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Pierce A Paul
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, 44691, USA
| | - Paul P Price
- Macon Ridge Research Station, LSU AgCenter, Winnsboro, LA, 71295, USA
| | - Alison E Robertson
- Department of Plant Pathology, Entomology, and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Tiffanna J Ross
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Clarice Schmidt
- Department of Plant Pathology, Entomology, and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Roger Schmidt
- Nutrient and Pest Management Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Teryl Schmidt
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Sujoung Shim
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Darcy E P Telenko
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Kiersten Wise
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Princeton, KY, 42445, USA
| | - Damon L Smith
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
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Hanley MN, Altman SM, Phillips A. Notes from the Field: Outbreak of Norovirus Linked to a Food Establishment - Illinois, November 2022. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2023; 72:897-898. [PMID: 37590287 PMCID: PMC10441824 DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7233a4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
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Carnahan LR, Hallock C, Soto B, Kasebier L, Dracos E, Martinez E, Newsome J, Mersha T, Pluta D, Henderson V, Khare M. Creating and Implementing a Community Engagement Strategy for the 2022-2027 Illinois Comprehensive Cancer Control Plan Through an Academic-State Public Health Department Partnership. Prev Chronic Dis 2023; 20:E69. [PMID: 37562068 PMCID: PMC10431926 DOI: 10.5888/pcd20.220422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Comprehensive cancer control (CCC) plans are state-level blueprints that identify regional cancer priorities and health equity strategies. Coalitions are encouraged to engage with community members, advocacy groups, people representing multiple sectors, and working partners throughout the development process. We describe the community and legislative engagement strategy developed and implemented during 2020-2022 for the 2022-2027 Illinois CCC plan. METHODS The engagement strategies were grounded in theory and evidence-based tools and resources. It was developed and implemented by coalition members representing the state health department and an academic partner, with feedback from the larger coalition. The strategy included a statewide town hall, 8 focus groups, and raising awareness of the plan among state policy makers. RESULTS A total of 112 people participated in the town hall and focus groups, including 40 (36%) cancer survivors, 31 (28%) cancer caregivers, and 18 (16%) Latino and 26 (23%) African American residents. Fourteen of 53 (26%) focus group participants identified as rural. Participants identified drivers of cancer disparities (eg, lack of a comprehensive health insurance system, discrimination, transportation access) and funding and policy priorities. Illinois House Resolution 0675, the Illinois Cancer Control Plan, was passed in March 2022. CONCLUSION The expertise and voices of community members affected by cancer can be documented and reflected in CCC plans. CCC plans can be brought to the attention of policy makers. Other coalitions working on state plans may consider replicating our strategy. Ultimately, CCC plans should reflect health equity principles and prioritize eliminating cancer disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie R Carnahan
- University of Illinois Cancer Center, 818 S Wolcott Ave (MC709), Chicago, IL 60612
- School of Public Health, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Colleen Hallock
- School of Public Health, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Brenda Soto
- University of Illinois Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois
- School of Public Health, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Linda Kasebier
- Illinois Department of Public Health, Springfield, Illinois
| | - Elise Dracos
- Illinois Department of Public Health, Springfield, Illinois
| | | | - Jennifer Newsome
- Foundation for the National Institutes of Health, North Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Tigist Mersha
- University of Illinois Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois
- School of Public Health, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - David Pluta
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine Rockford, Rockford, Illinois
| | - Vida Henderson
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Manorama Khare
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine Rockford, Rockford, Illinois
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Davis KL, Ackermann N, Klesges LM, Leahy N, Walsh-Bailey C, Humble S, Drake B, Sanders Thompson VL. Understanding disruptions in cancer care to reduce increased cancer burden. eLife 2023; 12:e85024. [PMID: 37643471 PMCID: PMC10449381 DOI: 10.7554/elife.85024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study seeks to understand how and for whom COVID-19 disrupted cancer care to understand the potential for cancer health disparities across the cancer prevention and control continuum. Methods In this cross-sectional study, participants age 30+residing in an 82-county region in Missouri and Illinois completed an online survey from June-August 2020. Descriptive statistics were calculated for all variables separately and by care disruption status. Logistic regression modeling was conducted to determine the correlates of care disruption. Results Participants (N=680) reported 21% to 57% of cancer screening or treatment appointments were canceled/postponed from March 2020 through the end of 2020. Approximately 34% of residents stated they would need to know if their doctor's office is taking the appropriate COVID-related safety precautions to return to care. Higher education (OR = 1.26, 95% CI:1.11-1.43), identifying as female (OR = 1.60, 95% CI:1.12-2.30), experiencing more discrimination in healthcare settings (OR = 1.40, 95% CI:1.13-1.72), and having scheduled a telehealth appointment (OR = 1.51, 95% CI:1.07-2.15) were associated with higher odds of care disruption. Factors associated with care disruption were not consistent across races. Higher odds of care disruption for White residents were associated with higher education, female identity, older age, and having scheduled a telehealth appointment, while higher odds of care disruption for Black residents were associated only with higher education. Conclusions This study provides an understanding of the factors associated with cancer care disruption and what patients need to return to care. Results may inform outreach and engagement strategies to reduce delayed cancer screenings and encourage returning to cancer care. Funding This study was supported by the National Cancer Institute's Administrative Supplements for P30 Cancer Center Support Grants (P30CA091842-18S2 and P30CA091842-19S4). Kia L. Davis, Lisa Klesges, Sarah Humble, and Bettina Drake were supported by the National Cancer Institute's P50CA244431 and Kia L. Davis was also supported by the Breast Cancer Research Foundation. Callie Walsh-Bailey was supported by NIMHD T37 MD014218. The content does not necessarily represent the official view of these funding agencies and is solely the responsibility of the authors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kia L Davis
- Department of Surgery, Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. LouisSt LouisUnited States
| | - Nicole Ackermann
- Department of Surgery, Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. LouisSt LouisUnited States
| | - Lisa M Klesges
- Department of Surgery, Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. LouisSt LouisUnited States
| | - Nora Leahy
- Department of Surgery, Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. LouisSt LouisUnited States
| | | | - Sarah Humble
- Department of Surgery, Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. LouisSt LouisUnited States
| | - Bettina Drake
- Department of Surgery, Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. LouisSt LouisUnited States
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Fabusoro OK, Singleton CR, Teran-Garcia M, Lara-Cinisomo S. Predictors of Food and Water Stockpiling During the COVID-19 Pandemic Among Latinos and Non-Latino Black People. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2023; 17:e447. [PMID: 37519243 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2023.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study examined factors associated with food and water stockpiling (FWS) during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS A secondary analysis of online survey data collected in two waves: April 2020 (wave 1) and June/July 2020 (wave 2), was conducted through REDCap web application. A total of 2,271 Non-Latino Black and Latino adults (mean age: 36.8 years (SD = 16.0); 64.3% female) living in Illinois were recruited. Participants self-reported if they stockpiled food and/or water (FWS) seven days prior to survey completion because of the pandemic. Logistic regression was used to determine if each variable was associated with the odds of reporting FWS. RESULTS Nearly a quarter (23.3%) of participants reported FWS. The adjusted model revealed that odds of FWS increase as the number of household members increased (OR: 1.21; 95% CI: 1.05-1.41). Odds of FWS were lower among participants who were not self-quarantining compared to those self-quarantining all the time (OR: 0.32; 95% CI: 0.17 - 0.62). Furthermore, individuals with lower levels of concern about COVID-19 had lower odds of FWS than those extremely concerned. CONCLUSIONS Household size, self-quarantine status, and concern about COVID-19 were significantly associated with FWS. These findings highlight the need to address the concerns of marginalized individuals to promote healthy behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chelsea R Singleton
- Department of Social, Behavioral, and Population Sciences, Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, USA
| | - Margarita Teran-Garcia
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA
- Illinois Extension, College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - Sandraluz Lara-Cinisomo
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA
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Huang J, Acevedo S, Bejster M, Kownacki C, Kehr D, McCaffrey J, Nguyen CJ. Distribution of fresh foods in food pantries: challenges and opportunities in Illinois during the COVID-19 pandemic. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1307. [PMID: 37420188 PMCID: PMC10327385 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16215-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The charitable food system distributes free food to clients across the U.S., but many nutrition and health-focused efforts encounter barriers to success, which were exacerbated during the COVID-19 pandemic. The objective of the current study was to understand barriers and facilitators to distributing nutritious, fresh foods in food pantries across Illinois during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS Forty-nine pantry representatives participated in focus groups in October 2021. A codebook was created based on relevant literature, stakeholder interests, and an initial review of the recordings. Transcripts of each group were coded and analyzed using a basic interpretive approach. RESULTS Pantries distribution of fresh foods was impacted by community partners, food bank policies and practices, and the quality of the donated fresh foods. Physical constraints of pantries limit fresh food storage capacity. The COVID-19 pandemic magnified stressors in the charitable food system which highlighted how community partners might improve fresh food distribution. CONCLUSION Focus groups with food pantry representatives across Illinois provided key insights that can inform future efforts to facilitate fresh food distribution in the charitable food system. Future studies should evaluate the effects of the suggested initiatives and changes at the food pantry, food bank, and policy levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Huang
- Office of Extension and Outreach, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1301 W. Gregory Dr, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Stephanie Acevedo
- Office of Extension and Outreach, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1301 W. Gregory Dr, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Mallory Bejster
- Department of Community, Systems and Mental Health Nursing, Rush University College of Nursing, 600 S. Paulina St, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Caitlin Kownacki
- Office of Extension and Outreach, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1301 W. Gregory Dr, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Dale Kehr
- Office of Extension and Outreach, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1301 W. Gregory Dr, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Jennifer McCaffrey
- Office of Extension and Outreach, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1301 W. Gregory Dr, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Cassandra J Nguyen
- Nutrition Department, University of Californa, Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
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Silver CM, Yang AD, Shan Y, Love R, Prachand VN, Cradock KA, Johnson J, Halverson AL, Merkow RP, McGee MF, Bilimoria KY. Changes in Surgical Outcomes in a Statewide Quality Improvement Collaborative with Introduction of Simultaneous, Comprehensive Interventions. J Am Coll Surg 2023; 237:128-138. [PMID: 36919951 DOI: 10.1097/xcs.0000000000000679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surgical quality improvement collaboratives (QICs) aim to improve patient outcomes through coaching, benchmarked data reporting, and other activities. Although other regional QICs have formed organically over time, it is unknown whether a comprehensive quality improvement program implemented simultaneously across hospitals at the formation of a QIC would improve patient outcomes. STUDY DESIGN Patients undergoing surgery at 48 hospitals in the Illinois Surgical Quality Improvement Collaborative (ISQIC) were included. Risk-adjusted rates of postoperative morbidity and mortality were compared from baseline to year 3. Difference-in-differences analyses compared ISQIC hospitals with hospitals in the NSQIP Participant Use File (PUF), which served as a control. RESULTS There were 180,582 patients who underwent surgery at ISQIC-participating hospitals. Inpatient procedures comprised 100,219 (55.5%) cases. By year 3, risk-adjusted rates of death or serious morbidity decreased in both ISQIC (relative reduction 25.0%, p < 0.001) and PUF hospitals (7.8%, p < 0.001). Adjusted difference-in-differences analysis revealed that ISQIC participation was associated with a significantly greater reduction in death or serious morbidity (odds ratio 0.94, 95% CI 0.90 to 0.99, p = 0.01) compared with PUF hospitals. Relative reductions in risk-adjusted rates of other outcomes were also seen in both ISQIC and PUF hospitals (morbidity 22.4% vs 6.4%; venous thromboembolism 20.0% vs 5.0%; superficial surgical site infection 27.3% vs 7.7%, all p < 0.05), although these difference-in-differences did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS Although complication rates decreased at both ISQIC and PUF hospitals, participation in ISQIC was associated with a significantly greater improvement in death or serious morbidity. These results underscore the potential of QICs to improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey M Silver
- From the Illinois Surgical Quality Improvement Collaborative (ISQIC), Chicago, IL
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24
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Garland CE, Craemer KA, Koch AR, Locher S, Geller SE. Comparing State-Level and Facility-Based Review to Assess Quality of Severe Maternal Morbidity Reviews. J Public Health Manag Pract 2023; 29:361-368. [PMID: 36867602 DOI: 10.1097/phh.0000000000001717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare results from facility-level and state-level severe maternal morbidity (SMM) reviews in Illinois. DESIGN We report descriptive characteristics about SMM cases and compare the results of both review processes, including the primary cause, assessment of preventability, and factors that contributed to the severity of the SMM cases. SETTING All birthing hospitals in Illinois. PARTICIPANTS A total of 81 SMM cases were reviewed by a facility-level committee and the state-level review committee. SMM was defined as any intensive care or critical care unit admission and/or transfusion of 4 or more units of packed red blood cells from conception to 42 days postpartum. RESULTS Among the cases reviewed by both committees, hemorrhage was the primary cause of morbidity, with 26 (32.1%) and 38 (46.9%) hemorrhage cases identified by the facility-level and state-level committees, respectively. Both committees identified infection/sepsis (n = 12) and preeclampsia/eclampsia (n = 12) as the next most common causes of SMM. State-level review found more cases potentially preventable (n = 29, 35.8% vs n = 18, 22.2%) and more cases not preventable but improvement in care needed (n = 31, 38.3% vs n = 27, 33.3%). State-level review found more provider and system opportunities to alter the SMM outcome and fewer patient opportunities than facility-level review. CONCLUSION State-level review found more SMM cases potentially preventable and identified more opportunities to improve care than facility-level review. State-level review has the potential to strengthen facility-level reviews by identifying opportunities to improve the review process and develop recommendations and tools to aid facility-level reviews.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin E Garland
- Center for Research on Women and Gender (Mss Garland and Craemer and Drs Koch and Geller), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Drs Locher and Geller), and Department of Medicine (Dr Geller), College of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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Faherty EAG, Teran RA, Black SR, Chundi V, Smith S, Bernhardt B, Weber E, Brassil B, Ruestow P, Kerins JL. Mpox among Public Festival Attendees, Chicago, Illinois, USA, July-August 2022. Emerg Infect Dis 2023; 29:1059-1061. [PMID: 37044128 PMCID: PMC10124669 DOI: 10.3201/eid2905.221797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated an mpox outbreak after a 2022 LGBTQ event in Chicago, Illinois, USA. Among case-patients, 38% had received 1 dose of mpox vaccine, none 2 doses; most reported sexual activity during the probable exposure period. Among other preventive measures, persons at risk should complete mpox vaccination 14 days before an event.
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Lendacki FR, Forst L, Weber E, Mehta SD, Kerins JL. COVID-19 Clusters and Outbreaks Among Non-Health Care, Noncongregate Workers in Chicago, Illinois: Surveillance Through the First Omicron Wave. J Occup Environ Med 2023; 65:e211-e218. [PMID: 36781304 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000002782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe COVID-19 investigations by a large urban health department among non-health care, noncongregate workplaces and the utility of surveillance methods over time. METHODS Frequencies of workplace-associated clusters and outbreaks are described by workplace type, workforce size, and method of identification over time. RESULTS From April 2020 through January 2022, 496 COVID-19 investigations identified 442 clusters (89%) and 54 outbreaks (11%). Frontline essential workplaces comprised 36% of investigations before versus 15% after vaccine eligibility. Pre-Omicron, most investigations (84%) were identified through case interviews. During Omicron predominance, case interviews decreased dramatically and identified 10% of investigations. Offices (41%) and bars and restaurants (36%) were overrepresented, and only one outbreak was identified, given decreases in confirmatory testing. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that vaccine prioritization reduced COVID-19 burden among highest-risk workplaces, but surveillance methods likely became less representative over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances R Lendacki
- From the Chicago Department of Public Health, Chicago, IL (F.R.L., E.W., J.L.K.); and School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois (F.R.L., L.F., S.D.M.)
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Walters SM, Frank D, Felsher M, Jaiswal J, Fletcher S, Bennett AS, Friedman SR, Ouellet LJ, Ompad DC, Jenkins W, Pho MT. How the rural risk environment underpins hepatitis C risk: Qualitative findings from rural southern Illinois, United States. Int J Drug Policy 2023; 112:103930. [PMID: 36641816 PMCID: PMC9974910 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2022.103930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has increased among persons who inject drugs (PWID) in the United States with disproportionate burden in rural areas. We use the Risk Environment framework to explore potential economic, physical, social, and political determinants of hepatitis C in rural southern Illinois. METHODS Nineteen in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with PWID from August 2019 through February 2020 (i.e., pre-COVID-19 pandemic) and four with key informants who professionally worked with PWID. Interviews were recorded, professionally transcribed, and coded using qualitative software. We followed a grounded theory approach for coding and analyses. RESULTS We identify economic, physical, policy, and social factors that may influence HCV transmission risk and serve as barriers to HCV care. Economic instability and lack of economic opportunities, a lack of physically available HCV prevention and treatment services, structural stigma such as policies that criminalize drug use, and social stigma emerged in interviews as potential risks for transmission and barriers to care. CONCLUSION The rural risk environment framework acknowledges the importance of community and structural factors that influence HCV infection and other disease transmission and care. We find that larger structural factors produce vulnerabilities and reduce access to resources, which negatively impact hepatitis C disease outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzan M Walters
- Department of Epidemiology, New York University School of Global Public Health, New York, NY, United States; Center for Drug Use and HIV/HCV Research, New York, NY, United States.
| | - David Frank
- Department of Epidemiology, New York University School of Global Public Health, New York, NY, United States; Center for Drug Use and HIV/HCV Research, New York, NY, United States
| | - Marisa Felsher
- College of Population Health, Thomas Jefferson University, United States
| | - Jessica Jaiswal
- Department of Health Science, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, United States
| | - Scott Fletcher
- Department of Epidemiology, New York University School of Global Public Health, New York, NY, United States; Center for Drug Use and HIV/HCV Research, New York, NY, United States; College of Population Health, Thomas Jefferson University, United States; Department of Health Science, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, United States; Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, New York University School of Global Public Health, New York, NY, United States; Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, United States; Division of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States; Department of Population Science and Policy, SIU School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, United States; Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States; The Community Action Place, Murphysboro, IL, United States
| | - Alex S Bennett
- Center for Drug Use and HIV/HCV Research, New York, NY, United States; Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, New York University School of Global Public Health, New York, NY, United States
| | - Samuel R Friedman
- Center for Drug Use and HIV/HCV Research, New York, NY, United States; Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, United States
| | - Lawrence J Ouellet
- Division of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Danielle C Ompad
- Department of Epidemiology, New York University School of Global Public Health, New York, NY, United States; Center for Drug Use and HIV/HCV Research, New York, NY, United States
| | - Wiley Jenkins
- Department of Population Science and Policy, SIU School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, United States
| | - Mai T Pho
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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Sekkarie A, DeJonge P, Martell S, Patrick S, Caudill M, Horton DK, Orr M, Konkle S. Notes from the Field: Follow-Up Assessment 1 Year After a Chemical Exposure Investigation - Winnebago County, Illinois, July-August 2022. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2023; 72:80-81. [PMID: 36656791 PMCID: PMC9869743 DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7203a6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Fokum FD, Entezar T, McAfee K. Effect of the COVID-19 Global Pandemic on Illinois Children Tested for Blood Lead Level and Exposure. Am J Public Health 2023; 113:89-95. [PMID: 36516386 PMCID: PMC9755942 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2022.307109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Objectives. To determine whether the number of children tested for lead exposure and the number of case rates increased (rate ratio [RR] > 1), decreased (RR < 1), or remained stable (RR = 1) during COVID-19 pandemic year 2020 compared with prepandemic year 2019. Methods. We analyzed more than 415 000 children's records reported to the Illinois Department of Public Health in 2019 and 2020 by demographic characteristics. The testing rate was the number of children tested yearly per population. The case rate was the proportion of children whose yearly tests showed a blood lead level of 5 or more micrograms per deciliter. RR was the 2020 case rate divided by the 2019 case rate. Results. In 2020, 19.6% of children were tested for lead compared with 25.5% in 2019. Testing decreased in 97% of counties. The 24% decreased testing in 2020 was notably in African Americans (36.4% decrease), high-risk zip codes (29.8% decrease), and rural counties (26.9% decrease). Case rates increased in rural counties, high-risk zip codes, Whites, and Hispanics. Conclusions. During pandemic year 2020, the number of children tested for lead decreased by 24%, and case rates increased in 51% of counties. Public Health Implications. Redesignation of high-risk zip codes is recommended to increase the testing of at-risk populations. (Am J Public Health. 2023;113(1):89-95. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2022.307109).
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Affiliation(s)
- Frida D Fokum
- Frida D. Fokum and Kert McAfee are with the Illinois Department of Public Health, Springfield, IL. Tara Entezar is with the School of Integrative Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign
| | - Tara Entezar
- Frida D. Fokum and Kert McAfee are with the Illinois Department of Public Health, Springfield, IL. Tara Entezar is with the School of Integrative Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign
| | - Kert McAfee
- Frida D. Fokum and Kert McAfee are with the Illinois Department of Public Health, Springfield, IL. Tara Entezar is with the School of Integrative Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign
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Kim H, Flowers N, Song EJ. Community home visiting services and child maltreatment report rates, Illinois zip codes, 2011-2018. Child Abuse Negl 2022; 134:105884. [PMID: 36126420 PMCID: PMC10165847 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2022.105884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research is sparse on the community-level impacts of home visiting programs on child maltreatment. OBJECTIVE To examine community-level associations between state-funded home visiting programs (i.e., IDHS-HV), federal-funded home visiting programs (i.e., MIECHV), and child maltreatment report (CMR) rates, overall and within subgroups of age, sex, and maltreatment type. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING 3824 zip code-years during 2011-2018 in Illinois for IDHS-HV/CMR associations and 1896 zip code-years during 2015-2018 for MIECHV/CMR associations. METHODS We measured county-level IDHS-HV rates (per 1000 children aged 0-5) since data were only available at that level. MIECHV rates (per 1000 children aged 0-5), CMR rates (per 1000 children), and all controls were measured at the zip code level. We used spatial linear models to handle spatial autocorrelation. RESULTS Adjusted for controls, longitudinal increases of IDHS-HV rates were significantly associated with decreased overall CMR rates (coefficient: -0.28; 95 % CI: -0.45, -0.11), age 0-5 CMR rates (-0.52; -0.82, -0.22), age 6-11 CMR rates (-0.31; -0.55, -0.06), male CMR rates (-0.25; -0.45, -0.05), female CMR rates (-0.29; -0.49, -0.08), and neglect report rates (-0.13; -0.24, -0.02). In contrast, longitudinal increases of MIECHV rates were significantly associated with increased CMR rates within several subgroups. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that increasing state-funded home visiting services in communities may have benefits in lowering their CMR rates. Given the very low MIECHV service rates and the federal policy that requires MIECHV to target at-risk communities, the significant positive MIECHV/CMR associations we found might indicate MIECHV programs are typically in higher risk communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunil Kim
- School of Social Work, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America.
| | - Nancy Flowers
- School of Social Work, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
| | - Eun-Jee Song
- School of Social Work, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
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Czeisler MÉ, Lane RI, Orellana RC, Lundeen K, Macomber K, Collins J, Varma P, Booker LA, Rajaratnam SM, Howard ME, Czeisler CA, Flannery B, Weaver MD. Perception of Local COVID-19 Transmission and Use of Preventive Behaviors Among Adults with Recent SARS-CoV-2 Infection - Illinois and Michigan, June 1-July 31, 2022. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2022; 71:1471-1478. [PMID: 36395064 PMCID: PMC9707356 DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7146a2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
During the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic, use of preventive behaviors was associated with perceived risk for contracting SARS-CoV-2 infection (1,2). Over time, perceived risk has declined along with waning COVID-19-related media coverage (3,4). The extent to which communities continue to be aware of local COVID-19 transmission levels and are implementing recommended preventive behaviors is unknown. During June 1-July 31, 2022, health departments in DuPage County, Illinois and metropolitan Detroit, Michigan surveyed a combined total of 4,934 adults who had received a positive test result for SARS-CoV-2 during the preceding 3 weeks. The association between awareness of local COVID-19 transmission and use of preventive behaviors and practices was assessed, both in response to perceived local COVID-19 transmission levels and specifically during the 2 weeks preceding SARS-CoV-2 testing. Both areas had experienced sustained high COVID-19 transmission during the study interval as categorized by CDC COVID-19 transmission levels.* Overall, 702 (14%) respondents perceived local COVID-19 transmission levels as high, 987 (20%) as substantial, 1,902 (39%) as moderate, and 581 (12%) as low; 789 (16%) reported they did not know. Adjusting for geographic area, age, gender identity, and combined race and ethnicity, respondents who perceived local COVID-19 transmission levels as high were more likely to report having made behavioral changes because of the level of COVID-19 transmission in their area, including wearing a mask in public, limiting travel, and avoiding crowded places or events. Continued monitoring of public perceptions of local COVID-19 levels and developing a better understanding of their influence on the use of preventive behaviors can guide COVID-19 communication strategies and policy making during and beyond the pandemic.
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Edwards M, Gutierrez M. The incidence burden of unreported pedestrian crashes in Illinois. Traffic Inj Prev 2022; 24:82-88. [PMID: 36374231 DOI: 10.1080/15389588.2022.2143236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Communities with high rates of pedestrians struck by motor vehicles may miss out on mitigation resources and suffer worse medical outcomes if crashes there go unreported to police. This study investigates the places, people, and communities in Illinois where struck pedestrians are most likely to go unreported. A better understanding of the true burden and distribution of struck pedestrians will help guide policy and direct investments and interventions where they are most needed. METHODS Hospital records of pedestrians treated for injuries sustained by a motor vehicle that were not able to be linked with a corresponding crash report across three consecutive years are investigated. Discordance rates of struck pedestrians are calculated and disaggregated by region. A presentation of summary statistics is accompanied by an ordinary least squares predictive model to estimate the relationship between discordant struck pedestrians and sociodemographic factors. RESULTS The incidence of unreported struck pedestrians was not randomly distributed. Blacks struck by a motor vehicle were disproportionately likely to go unreported to police. Zip codes with the most unreported crashes per capita on average had double the poverty rate and 2.6 times the carless household rate as the rest of Illinois. Struck pedestrians diagnosed at the hospital with an intoxicating substance went unreported to police nearly 70% of the time. Generally, more severe head and thorax injuries were more likely to be reported. Struck pedestrians outside of Cook County averaged a 60% discordance rate, those within Cook County averaged a discordance rate of about 50%. Struck pedestrian cases reported to police averaged emergency department charges of about $2,500 more than unreported cases. CONCLUSIONS Underlying and contributing factors influential of a struck pedestrian's decision of whether to report to police is complex and layered by social constructs mixed with difficult economic decisions, often further complicated by the fog of impairment. Recommendations are made for community outreach to stress the importance of reporting incidents to police, along with adjusting case count numbers in police records using hospital data and discordance rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mickey Edwards
- University of Illinois Springfield, Springfield, Illinois
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Hagan LM, Beeson A, Hughes S, Hassan R, Tietje L, Meehan AA, Spencer H, Turner J, Richardson M, Howard J, Schultz A, Ali S, Butler MM, Arce Garza D, Morgan CN, Kling C, Baird N, Townsend MB, Carson WC, Lowe D, Wynn NT, Black SR, Kerins JL, Rafinski J, Defuniak A, Auguston P, Mosites E, Ghinai I, Zawitz C. Monkeypox Case Investigation — Cook County Jail, Chicago, Illinois, July–August 2022. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2022; 71:1271-1277. [PMID: 36201399 PMCID: PMC9541030 DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7140e2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Kim H, Gundersen C, Windsor L. Community food insecurity predicts child maltreatment report rates across Illinois zip codes, 2011-2018. Ann Epidemiol 2022; 73:30-37. [PMID: 35718099 PMCID: PMC9844240 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2022.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We examined how longitudinal changes and inter-community differences of food insecurity rates were associated with child maltreatment report (CMR) rates at the zip code level. We assessed these associations overall, by urbanicity, and within subgroups of age, sex, and maltreatment type. METHODS We used Illinois statewide zip code-level data from 2011 to 2018. We measured CMR rates based on Illinois child protective services records and food insecurity rates from Feeding America's Map the Meal Gap. We conducted spatial linear modeling to account for spatial dependence with controls for various socioeconomic, demographic, care burden, and instability conditions of communities. RESULTS Both longitudinal changes and inter-community differences of food insecurity rates were significantly associated with increased CMR rates overall and within all subgroups. These associations were significant among all large urban, small urban, and rural areas, while longitudinal changes of food insecurity rates had significantly stronger associations among small urban areas compared with other areas. CONCLUSIONS Communities experiencing higher food insecurity had higher CMR rates. Increases in food insecurity over time were associated with increases in CMR rates. These associations were reproduced within subgroups of child age, sex, maltreatment type, and urbanicity. Attention and collaborative efforts are warranted for high food insecure communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunil Kim
- School of Social Work, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana.
| | - Craig Gundersen
- Department of Economics, Baylor University, One Bear Place, Waco, TX
| | - Liliane Windsor
- School of Social work, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana
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Lee D, Counard C, Tang A, Brister S, Ezike N. Notes from the Field: COVID-19-Associated Mortality Risk Among Long-Term Care Facility Residents and Community-Dwelling Adults Aged ≥65 Years - Illinois, December 2020 and January 2022. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2022; 71:803-805. [PMID: 35709016 DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7124a4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
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Spencer H, Teran RA, Barbian HJ, Love S, Berg R, Black SR, Ghinai I, Kerins JL. Multistate Outbreak of Infection with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant after Event in Chicago, Illinois, USA, 2021. Emerg Infect Dis 2022; 28:1281-1283. [PMID: 35608888 PMCID: PMC9155870 DOI: 10.3201/eid2806.220411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bars and restaurants are high-risk settings for SARS-CoV-2 transmission. A multistate outbreak after a bar gathering in Chicago, Illinois, USA, highlights Omicron variant transmissibility, the value of local genomic surveillance and interstate coordination, vaccination value, and the potential for rapid transmission of a novel variant across multiple states after 1 event.
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Unruh LH, Dharmapuri S, Xia Y, Soyemi K. Health disparities and COVID-19: A retrospective study examining individual and community factors causing disproportionate COVID-19 outcomes in Cook County, Illinois. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0268317. [PMID: 35576226 PMCID: PMC9109922 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Early data from the COVID-19 pandemic suggests that the disease has had a disproportionate impact on communities of color with higher infection and mortality rates within those communities. This study used demographic data from the 2018 US census estimates, mortality data from the Cook County Medical Examiner’s office, and testing results from the Illinois Department of Public Health to perform bivariate and multivariate regression analyses to explore the role race plays in COVID-19 outcomes at the individual and community levels. We used the ZCTA Social Deprivation Index (SDI), a measure of ZCTA area level deprivation based on seven demographic characteristics to quantify the socio-economic variation in health outcomes and levels of disadvantage across ZCTAs. Principal findings showed that: 1) while Black individuals make up 22% of Cook County’s population, they account for 28% of the county’s COVID-19 related deaths; 2) the average age of death from COVID-19 is seven years younger for Non-White compared with White decedents; 3) residents of Minority ZCTA areas were 1.02 times as likely to test positive for COVID-19, (Incidence Rate Ratio (IRR) 1.02, [95% CI 0.95, 1.10]); 1.77 times as likely to die (IRR 1.77, [95% CI 1.17, 2.66]); and were 1.15 times as likely to be tested (IRR 1.15, [95% CI 0.99, 1.33]). There are notable differences in COVID-19 related outcomes between racial and ethnic groups at individual and community levels. This study illustrates the health disparities and underlying systemic inequalities experienced by communities of color.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa H. Unruh
- Department of Emergency Medicine, John H. Stroger Jr. Hospital of Cook County Health, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Sadhana Dharmapuri
- Cermak Health Services, Cook County Juvenile Temporary Detention Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, John H. Stroger Jr. Hospital of Cook County, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Yinglin Xia
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Kenneth Soyemi
- Cermak Health Services, Cook County Juvenile Temporary Detention Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, John H. Stroger Jr. Hospital of Cook County, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Zeng S, Pelzer KM, Gibbons RD, Peek ME, Parker WF. Association of Zip Code Vaccination Rate With COVID-19 Mortality in Chicago, Illinois. JAMA Netw Open 2022; 5:e2214753. [PMID: 35622360 PMCID: PMC9142872 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.14753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Importance There has been large geographic inequity in vaccination coverage across Chicago, Illinois, with higher vaccination rates in zip codes with residents who predominantly have high incomes and are White. Objective To determine the association between inequitable zip code-level vaccination coverage and COVID-19 mortality in Chicago. Design, Setting, and Participants This retrospective cohort study used Chicago Department of Public Health vaccination and mortality data and Cook County Medical Examiner mortality data from March 1, 2020, through November 6, 2021, to assess the association of COVID-19 mortality with zip code-level vaccination rates. Data were analyzed from June 1, 2021, to April 13, 2022. Exposures Zip code-level first-dose vaccination rates before the Alpha and Delta waves of COVID-19. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was deaths from COVID-19 during the Alpha and Delta waves. The association of a marginal increase in zip code-level vaccination rate with weekly mortality rates was estimated with a mixed-effects Poisson regression model, and the total number of preventable deaths in the least vaccinated quartile of zip codes was estimated with a linear difference-in-difference design. Results The study population was 2 686 355 Chicago residents in 52 zip codes (median [IQR] age 34 [32-38] years; 1 378 658 [51%] women; 773 938 Hispanic residents [29%]; 783 916 non-Hispanic Black residents [29%]; 894 555 non-Hispanic White residents [33%]). Among residents in the least vaccinated quartile, 80% were non-Hispanic Black, compared with 8% of residents identifying as non-Hispanic Black in the most vaccinated quartile (P < .001). After controlling for age distribution and recovery from COVID-19, a 10-percentage point increase in zip code-level vaccination 6 weeks before the peak of the Alpha wave was associated with a 39% lower relative risk of death from COVID-19 (incidence rate ratio [IRR], 0.61 [95% CI, 0.52-0.72]). A 10-percentage point increase in zip code vaccination rate 6 weeks before the peak of the Delta wave was associated with a 24% lower relative risk of death (IRR, 0.76 [95% CI, 0.66-0.87]). The difference-in-difference estimate was that 119 Alpha wave deaths (72% [95% CI, 63%-81%]) and 108 Delta wave deaths (75% [95% CI, 66%-84%]) might have been prevented in the least vaccinated quartile of zip codes if it had had the vaccination coverage of the most vaccinated quartile. Conclusions and Relevance These findings suggest that low zip code-level vaccination rates in Chicago were associated with more deaths during the Alpha and Delta waves of COVID-19 and that inequitable vaccination coverage exacerbated existing racial and ethnic disparities in COVID-19 deaths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Zeng
- Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Kenley M. Pelzer
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Robert D. Gibbons
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Monica E. Peek
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
- Division of the Biological Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - William F. Parker
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
- MacLean Center for Clinical Medical Ethics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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Feinglass J, Patel TR, Rydland K, Sheehan K. Trends in Hospital Care for Intentional Assault Gunshot Wounds Among Residents of Cook County, Illinois, 2018-2020. Am J Public Health 2022; 112:795-802. [PMID: 35324258 PMCID: PMC9010903 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2022.306747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Objectives. To examine gun violence with respect to hospital visits for treatment of intentional assault gunshot wounds (IGWs). Methods. IGW-coded visits among residents of Cook County, Illinois, were matched to census zip code tabulation areas (ZCTAs) to map changes in IGW visit frequencies between 2018 and 2020. Patient characteristics were compared across years, and Poisson regression models for the likelihood of an inpatient admission or in-hospital death were estimated. Results. Over the study period, Cook County residents made 7122 IGW-coded hospital visits to 89 Illinois hospitals, resulting in $342 million in charges and 24 894 hospital days. The number of visits almost doubled between 2018 and 2020, from 1553 to 3031; 6 ZCTAs had increases of more than 60 visits. Approximately one third of patients with a visit were admitted, and 6.5% died. Conclusions. Hospital statistics do not include the full toll of nonfatal gun injuries or the costs of related community-level trauma. The health care system remains crucial in implementing epidemiological approaches to violence prevention. Addressing the national spike in shootings will require large investments in community economic development and a professional public safety workforce. (Am J Public Health. 2022;112(5):795-802. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2022.306747).
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe Feinglass
- Joe Feinglass is with the Division of General Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL. Tulsi R. Patel is with the Masters in Public Health Degree Program, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine. Kelsey Rydland is with the Northwestern University Library. Karen Sheehan is with the Department of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
| | - Tulsi R Patel
- Joe Feinglass is with the Division of General Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL. Tulsi R. Patel is with the Masters in Public Health Degree Program, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine. Kelsey Rydland is with the Northwestern University Library. Karen Sheehan is with the Department of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
| | - Kelsey Rydland
- Joe Feinglass is with the Division of General Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL. Tulsi R. Patel is with the Masters in Public Health Degree Program, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine. Kelsey Rydland is with the Northwestern University Library. Karen Sheehan is with the Department of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
| | - Karen Sheehan
- Joe Feinglass is with the Division of General Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL. Tulsi R. Patel is with the Masters in Public Health Degree Program, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine. Kelsey Rydland is with the Northwestern University Library. Karen Sheehan is with the Department of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
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Chhabra N, Mir M, Hua MJ, Berg S, Nowinski-Konchak J, Aks S, Arunkumar P, Hinami K. Notes From the Field: Xylazine-Related Deaths - Cook County, Illinois, 2017-2021. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2022; 71:503-504. [PMID: 35358161 PMCID: PMC8979597 DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7113a3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Rivelli A, Fitzpatrick V, Blair C, Copeland K, Richards J. Incidence of COVID-19 reinfection among Midwestern healthcare employees. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262164. [PMID: 34982800 PMCID: PMC8726474 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the overwhelming worldwide rate of infection and the disappointing pace of vaccination, addressing reinfection is critical. Understanding reinfection, including longevity after natural infection, will allow us to better know the prospect of herd immunity, which hinges on the assumption that natural infection generates sufficient, protective immunity. The primary objective of this observational cohort study is to establish the incidence of reinfection of COVID-19 among healthcare employees who experienced a prior COVID-19 infection over a 10-month period. Of 2,625 participants who experienced at least one COVID-19 infection during the 10-month study period, 156 (5.94%) experienced reinfection and 540 (20.57%) experienced recurrence after prior infection. Median days were 126.50 (105.50–171.00) to reinfection and 31.50 (10.00–72.00) to recurrence. Incidence rate of COVID-19 reinfection was 0.35 cases per 1,000 person-days, with participants working in COVID-clinical and clinical units experiencing 3.77 and 3.57 times, respectively, greater risk of reinfection relative to those working in non-clinical units. Incidence rate of COVID-19 recurrence was 1.47 cases per 1,000 person-days. This study supports the consensus that COVID-19 reinfection, defined as subsequent infection ≥ 90 days after prior infection, is rare, even among a sample of healthcare workers with frequent exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Rivelli
- Advocate Aurora Health, Downers Grove, IL, United States of America
- Advocate Aurora Research Institute, Downers Grove, IL, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Veronica Fitzpatrick
- Advocate Aurora Health, Downers Grove, IL, United States of America
- Advocate Aurora Research Institute, Downers Grove, IL, United States of America
| | - Christopher Blair
- Advocate Aurora Health, Downers Grove, IL, United States of America
- Advocate Aurora Research Institute, Downers Grove, IL, United States of America
| | - Kenneth Copeland
- Advocate Aurora Health, Downers Grove, IL, United States of America
- ACL Laboratories, Downers Grove, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Jon Richards
- Advocate Aurora Health, Downers Grove, IL, United States of America
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Ragonnet-Cronin M, Hayford C, D’Aquila R, Ma F, Ward C, Benbow N, Wertheim JO. Forecasting HIV-1 Genetic Cluster Growth in Illinois,United States. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2022; 89:49-55. [PMID: 34878434 PMCID: PMC8667185 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000002821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND HIV intervention activities directed toward both those most likely to transmit and their HIV-negative partners have the potential to substantially disrupt HIV transmission. Using HIV sequence data to construct molecular transmission clusters can reveal individuals whose viruses are connected. The utility of various cluster prioritization schemes measuring cluster growth have been demonstrated using surveillance data in New York City and across the United States, by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). METHODS We examined clustering and cluster growth prioritization schemes using Illinois HIV sequence data that include cases from Chicago, a large urban center with high HIV prevalence, to compare their ability to predict future cluster growth. RESULTS We found that past cluster growth was a far better predictor of future cluster growth than cluster membership alone but found no substantive difference between the schemes used by CDC and the relative cluster growth scheme previously used in New York City (NYC). Focusing on individuals selected simultaneously by both the CDC and the NYC schemes did not provide additional improvements. CONCLUSION Growth-based prioritization schemes can easily be automated in HIV surveillance tools and can be used by health departments to identify and respond to clusters where HIV transmission may be actively occurring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Ragonnet-Cronin
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, USA
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Christina Hayford
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA
| | - Richard D’Aquila
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA
| | - Fangchao Ma
- Illinois Department of Public Health, Chicago, USA
| | - Cheryl Ward
- Illinois Department of Public Health, Chicago, USA
| | - Nanette Benbow
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA
| | - Joel O. Wertheim
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, USA
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Chang YS, Mayer S, Davis ES, Figueroa E, Leo P, Finn PW, Perkins DL. Transmission Dynamics of Large Coronavirus Disease Outbreak in Homeless Shelter, Chicago, Illinois, USA, 2020. Emerg Infect Dis 2022; 28:76-84. [PMID: 34856112 PMCID: PMC8714208 DOI: 10.3201/eid2801.210780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has the potential for rapid transmission in congregate settings. We describe the multidisciplinary response to an outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in a large homeless shelter in Chicago, Illinois, USA. The response to the outbreak included 4 rounds of mass PCR testing of all staff and residents and subsequent isolation of persons who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. We further describe the dynamics of the shelter outbreak by fitting a modified susceptible-exposed-infectious-recovered compartmental model incorporating the widespread SARS-CoV-2 testing and isolation measures implemented in this shelter. Our model demonstrates that rapid transmission of COVID-19 in the shelter occurred before the outbreak was detected; rates of transmission declined after widespread testing and isolation measures were put in place. Overall, we demonstrate the feasibility of mass PCR testing and isolation in congregate settings and suggest the necessity of prompt response to suspected COVID-19 outbreaks in homeless shelters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Shin Chang
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA (Y.-S. Chang, S. Mayer, E. Figueroa, P. Leo, P.W. Finn, D.L. Perkins)
- Rush University Medical Center, Chicago (E.S. Davis)
| | - Stockton Mayer
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA (Y.-S. Chang, S. Mayer, E. Figueroa, P. Leo, P.W. Finn, D.L. Perkins)
- Rush University Medical Center, Chicago (E.S. Davis)
| | - Elizabeth S. Davis
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA (Y.-S. Chang, S. Mayer, E. Figueroa, P. Leo, P.W. Finn, D.L. Perkins)
- Rush University Medical Center, Chicago (E.S. Davis)
| | - Evelyn Figueroa
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA (Y.-S. Chang, S. Mayer, E. Figueroa, P. Leo, P.W. Finn, D.L. Perkins)
- Rush University Medical Center, Chicago (E.S. Davis)
| | - Paul Leo
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA (Y.-S. Chang, S. Mayer, E. Figueroa, P. Leo, P.W. Finn, D.L. Perkins)
- Rush University Medical Center, Chicago (E.S. Davis)
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Nemoto N, Dhillon S, Fink S, Holman EJ, Cope AK, Dinh TH, Meadows J, Taryal D, Akindileni F, Franck M, Gelber E, Bacci L, Ahmed S, Thomas ES, Neatherlin JC. Evaluation of Test to Stay Strategy on Secondary and Tertiary Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in K-12 Schools - Lake County, Illinois, August 9-October 29, 2021. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2021; 70:1778-1781. [PMID: 34968375 PMCID: PMC8736270 DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm705152e2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Spinelli TR, Bruckner E, Kisiel CL. Understanding trauma experiences and needs through a comprehensive assessment of transition age youth in child welfare. Child Abuse Negl 2021; 122:105367. [PMID: 34688119 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.105367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the context of child welfare, Transition Age Youth (TAY) have high rates of trauma experiences (TEs) and are more likely to exhibit negative outcomes as they transition into adulthood. OBJECTIVE This study describes the frequency and distribution of TEs among TAY in child welfare, as a whole and across sex and race/ethnicity. This study also examines the relationship between TEs and Child and Adolescent Needs and Strengths (CANS) needs. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING Participants included 3324 TAY (14.5 to 21-year-olds) who were under the care of the Illinois Department of Child and Family Services (IDCFS) and in out-of-home care for at least one year. METHODS The CANS was the primary measure for this study. Administrative and clinical data were examined for youth who met the identified criteria. Pearson's chi-square tests of association were conducted to determine differences in TEs across race/ethnicity and sex. Negative binomial regressions were used to determine the association between TEs and needs. RESULTS Most TAY had at least one TE (91%) and the majority had four or more TEs (52%). Significant differences occurred in relation to sex and race/ethnicity. Furthermore, TEs were significantly associated with needs across all CANS domains examined (e.g., behavioral/emotional needs, life domain functioning). CONCLUSIONS This is one of the few empirical studies to examine TEs and related functional, behavioral, and emotional needs of TAY in child welfare. Overall, findings suggest a need for improving trauma-informed approaches and interventions that serve TAY.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tawny R Spinelli
- Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, United States of America.
| | - Ellie Bruckner
- Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, United States of America
| | - Cassandra L Kisiel
- Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, United States of America
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Navon L, Moritz E, Austin C, Wahl M, Aks S, Layden J. The Public Health Response to a Large Poisoning Outbreak Involving an Illicit Substance: Synthetic Cannabinoids Contaminated With a Long-Acting Anticoagulant Rodenticide, Illinois, March-July, 2018. J Public Health Manag Pract 2021; 26:E1-E7. [PMID: 30969282 PMCID: PMC10926914 DOI: 10.1097/phh.0000000000001002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
During March-July 2018, the Illinois Department of Public Health responded to an acute outbreak of severe coagulopathy among patients with recent synthetic cannabinoid use. Toxicological testing indicated that cases were exposed to brodifacoum, a long-acting anticoagulant rodenticide. A total of 174 confirmed and probable cases, including 5 deaths, were linked to this outbreak. On the basis of the experience of responding to this complex outbreak, we recommend several steps for consideration to improve health department preparation for acute outbreaks involving illicit substances including strengthening communication between public health and law enforcement agencies, reviewing legal authority to investigate noninfectious acute disease outbreaks, continuing strong partnerships with state poison control centers, partnering with substance abuse and mental health agencies to provide services to patients, and determining health department ability to rapidly enter into public-private partnership agreements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Navon
- Illinois Department of Public Health, Chicago and Springfield, Illinois (Ms Navon and Drs Moritz, Austin, and Layden); Division of State and Local Readiness, Center for Preparedness and Response (Ms Navon), and Epidemic Intelligence Service (Dr Moritz), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Illinois Poison Center, Illinois Health and Hospital Association, Chicago, Illinois (Dr Wahl); and Cook County Health and Hospitals System, Chicago, Illinois (Dr Aks)
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Han X, Spicer A, Carey KA, Gilbert ER, Laiteerapong N, Shah NS, Winslow C, Afshar M, Kashiouris MG, Churpek MM. Identifying High-Risk Subphenotypes and Associated Harms From Delayed Antibiotic Orders and Delivery. Crit Care Med 2021; 49:1694-1705. [PMID: 33938715 PMCID: PMC8448901 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000005054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Early antibiotic administration is a central component of sepsis guidelines, and delays may increase mortality. However, prior studies have examined the delay to first antibiotic administration as a single time period even though it contains two distinct processes: antibiotic ordering and antibiotic delivery, which can each be targeted for improvement through different interventions. The objective of this study was to characterize and compare patients who experienced order or delivery delays, investigate the association of each delay type with mortality, and identify novel patient subphenotypes with elevated risk of harm from delays. DESIGN Retrospective analysis of multicenter inpatient data. SETTING Two tertiary care medical centers (2008-2018, 2006-2017) and four community-based hospitals (2008-2017). PATIENTS All patients admitted through the emergency department who met clinical criteria for infection. INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Patient demographics, vitals, laboratory values, medication order and administration times, and in-hospital survival data were obtained from the electronic health record. Order and delivery delays were calculated for each admission. Adjusted logistic regression models were used to examine the relationship between each delay and in-hospital mortality. Causal forests, a machine learning method, was used to identify a high-risk subgroup. A total of 60,817 admissions were included, and delays occurred in 58% of patients. Each additional hour of order delay (odds ratio, 1.04; 95% CI, 1.03-1.05) and delivery delay (odds ratio, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.02-1.08) was associated with increased mortality. A patient subgroup identified by causal forests with higher comorbidity burden, greater organ dysfunction, and abnormal initial lactate measurements had a higher risk of death associated with delays (odds ratio, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.06-1.09 vs odds ratio, 1.02; 95% CI, 1.01-1.03). CONCLUSIONS Delays in antibiotic ordering and drug delivery are both associated with a similar increase in mortality. A distinct subgroup of high-risk patients exist who could be targeted for more timely therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Han
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Alexandra Spicer
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Kyle A Carey
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Emily R Gilbert
- Department of Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Neda Laiteerapong
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Nirav S Shah
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
- Department of Medicine, NorthShore University Healthcare, Evanston, Illinois
| | - Christopher Winslow
- Department of Medicine, NorthShore University Healthcare, Evanston, Illinois
| | - Majid Afshar
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Markos G Kashiouris
- Department of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
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Rios MD, Giachello A, Khosla S, Luna G, Pobee R, Vergara-Rodriguez P, Sugrue N. Illinois Unidos: A Community Demands Equity, Justice, and Inclusion. Am J Public Health 2021; 111:S204-S207. [PMID: 34709861 PMCID: PMC8561065 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2021.306407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
At the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, neither government officials nor members of the news media fully grasped what was happening in the Latino community. Underreporting of COVID-19 cases led to a systematic neglect of the Latino population and resulted in disproportionately high rates of infection, hospitalization, and death. Illinois Unidos was formed to engage in community mobilization, health communication, advocacy, and policy work in response to inequalities exacerbated by COVID-19 in Latino communities in Illinois. (Am J Public Health. 2021;111(S3):S204-S207. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306407).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Del Rios
- Marina Del Rios, Shaveta Khosla, and Ruth Pobee are with the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago. Aida Giachello is with the Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL. Geraldine Luna is with the Chicago Department of Public Health, Chicago. Pamela Vergara-Rodriguez is with the Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse, John H. Stroger Hospital, Cook County, Chicago. Noreen Sugrue is with the Latino Policy Forum, Chicago
| | - Aida Giachello
- Marina Del Rios, Shaveta Khosla, and Ruth Pobee are with the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago. Aida Giachello is with the Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL. Geraldine Luna is with the Chicago Department of Public Health, Chicago. Pamela Vergara-Rodriguez is with the Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse, John H. Stroger Hospital, Cook County, Chicago. Noreen Sugrue is with the Latino Policy Forum, Chicago
| | - Shaveta Khosla
- Marina Del Rios, Shaveta Khosla, and Ruth Pobee are with the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago. Aida Giachello is with the Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL. Geraldine Luna is with the Chicago Department of Public Health, Chicago. Pamela Vergara-Rodriguez is with the Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse, John H. Stroger Hospital, Cook County, Chicago. Noreen Sugrue is with the Latino Policy Forum, Chicago
| | - Geraldine Luna
- Marina Del Rios, Shaveta Khosla, and Ruth Pobee are with the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago. Aida Giachello is with the Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL. Geraldine Luna is with the Chicago Department of Public Health, Chicago. Pamela Vergara-Rodriguez is with the Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse, John H. Stroger Hospital, Cook County, Chicago. Noreen Sugrue is with the Latino Policy Forum, Chicago
| | - Ruth Pobee
- Marina Del Rios, Shaveta Khosla, and Ruth Pobee are with the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago. Aida Giachello is with the Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL. Geraldine Luna is with the Chicago Department of Public Health, Chicago. Pamela Vergara-Rodriguez is with the Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse, John H. Stroger Hospital, Cook County, Chicago. Noreen Sugrue is with the Latino Policy Forum, Chicago
| | - Pamela Vergara-Rodriguez
- Marina Del Rios, Shaveta Khosla, and Ruth Pobee are with the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago. Aida Giachello is with the Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL. Geraldine Luna is with the Chicago Department of Public Health, Chicago. Pamela Vergara-Rodriguez is with the Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse, John H. Stroger Hospital, Cook County, Chicago. Noreen Sugrue is with the Latino Policy Forum, Chicago
| | - Noreen Sugrue
- Marina Del Rios, Shaveta Khosla, and Ruth Pobee are with the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago. Aida Giachello is with the Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL. Geraldine Luna is with the Chicago Department of Public Health, Chicago. Pamela Vergara-Rodriguez is with the Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse, John H. Stroger Hospital, Cook County, Chicago. Noreen Sugrue is with the Latino Policy Forum, Chicago
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Matthias J, Patrick S, Wiringa A, Pullman A, Hinton S, Campos J, Belville T, Sinner, MPH M, Buchanan TT, Sim B, Goldesberry KE. Epidemiologically Linked COVID-19 Outbreaks at a Youth Camp and Men's Conference - Illinois, June-July 2021. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2021; 70:1223-1227. [PMID: 34473681 PMCID: PMC8422866 DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7035e4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Munson E, Morgan E, Sienkiewicz L, Thomas Y, Buehler K, Ryan D, Clifford A, Mustanski B. Molecular screening in a longitudinal cohort of young men who have sex with men and young transgender women: associations with focus on the emerging sexually transmitted pathogen Mycoplasma genitalium. Sex Transm Infect 2021; 97:434-440. [PMID: 33122424 PMCID: PMC10696927 DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2020-054463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This investigation sought to characterise risk factors associated with acquisition of traditional and emerging agents of sexually transmitted infection (STI) in a cohort of young men who have sex with men and transgender women. METHODS 917 participants provided urine and rectal swab submissions assessed by transcription-mediated amplification (TMA)-based assays for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae and by off-label TMA-based Trichomonas vaginalis and Mycoplasma genitalium testing. A subset provided specimens at 6-month and 12-month follow-up visits. RESULTS Prevalence of M. genitalium from rectal and urine specimens (21.7% and 8.9%, respectively) exceeded that of C. trachomatis (8.8% and 1.6%) and other STI agents. Black participants yielded higher prevalence of M. genitalium (30.6%) than non-black participants (17.0%; χ²=22.39; p<0.0001). M. genitalium prevalence from rectal specimens was 41.5% in HIV-positive participants vs 16.3% in HIV-negative participants (χ²=57.72; p<0.0001). Participant age, gender identity, condomless insertive anal/vaginal sexual practice and condomless receptive anal sexual practice were not associated with rectal C. trachomatis (p≥0.10), N. gonorrhoeae (p≥0.29), T. vaginalis (p≥0.18) or M. genitalium (p≥0.20) detection. While prevalence of T. vaginalis was calculated at ≤1.0%, baseline rectal and urine screening status was predictive of detection/non-detection at follow-up. A non-reactive M. genitalium baseline rectal or urine screening result was less predictive of non-reactive follow-up versus C. trachomatis, N. gonorrhoeae and T. vaginalis. CONCLUSIONS Rectal M. genitalium detection is associated with black race and HIV seropositivity. Baseline M. genitalium infection influences subsequent detection of the organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Munson
- College of Health Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | | | | | - Kathleen Buehler
- Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing and Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Daniel Ryan
- Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing and Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Antonia Clifford
- Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing and Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Brian Mustanski
- Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing and Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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