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Shen Y, Fang L, Liu C, Wang J, Wu D, Zeng Q, Leng Y, Min W. Effect of bi-enzyme hydrolysis on the properties and composition of hydrolysates of Manchurian walnut dreg protein. Food Chem 2024; 447:138947. [PMID: 38492294 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Walnut dreg (WD) active peptides are an important source of dietary antioxidants; however, the products of conventional hydrolysis have limited industrial output owing to poor flavour and low bioactivity. To this end, in this study, we aimed to employ bvLAP, an aminopeptidase previously identified in our research, as well as commercially available Alcalase for bi-enzyme digestion. The flavour, antioxidant activity, and structures of products resulting from various digestion methods were compared. The results showed that the bi-enzyme digestion products had enhanced antioxidant activity, increased β-sheet content, and reduced bitterness intensity from 9.65 to 6.93. Moreover, bi-enzyme hydrolysates showed a more diverse amino acid composition containing 1640 peptides with distinct sequences. These results demonstrate that bi-enzyme hydrolysis could be a potential process for converting WD into functional food ingredients. Additionally, our results provide new concepts that can be applied in waste processing and high-value utilisation of WD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Shen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun 130118, PR China
| | - Li Fang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun 130118, PR China
| | - Chunlei Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun 130118, PR China
| | - Ji Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun 130118, PR China
| | - Dan Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun 130118, PR China
| | - Qi Zeng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun 130118, PR China
| | - Yue Leng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun 130118, PR China.
| | - Weihong Min
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun 130118, PR China.
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Terletskaya NV, Shadenova EA, Litvinenko YA, Ashimuly K, Erbay M, Mamirova A, Nazarova I, Meduntseva ND, Kudrina NO, Korbozova NK, Djangalina ED. Influence of Cold Stress on Physiological and Phytochemical Characteristics and Secondary Metabolite Accumulation in Microclones of Juglans regia L. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4991. [PMID: 38732208 PMCID: PMC11084536 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The current study investigated the impact of cold stress on the morphological, physiological, and phytochemical properties of Juglans regia L. (J. regia) using in vitro microclone cultures. The study revealed significant stress-induced changes in the production of secondary antioxidant metabolites. According to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses, the stress conditions profoundly altered the metabolism of J. regia microclones. Although the overall spectrum of metabolites was reduced, the production of key secondary antioxidant metabolites significantly increased. Notably, there was a sevenfold (7×) increase in juglone concentration. These findings are crucial for advancing walnut metabolomics and enhancing our understanding of plant responses to abiotic stress factors. Additionally, study results aid in identifying the role of individual metabolites in these processes, which is essential for developing strategies to improve plant resilience and tolerance to adverse conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina V. Terletskaya
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi 71, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan; (M.E.); (A.M.); (N.O.K.); (N.K.K.)
- Institute of Genetic and Physiology, Al-Farabi 93, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan; (E.A.S.); (Y.A.L.); (K.A.); (N.D.M.)
| | - Elvira A. Shadenova
- Institute of Genetic and Physiology, Al-Farabi 93, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan; (E.A.S.); (Y.A.L.); (K.A.); (N.D.M.)
| | - Yuliya A. Litvinenko
- Institute of Genetic and Physiology, Al-Farabi 93, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan; (E.A.S.); (Y.A.L.); (K.A.); (N.D.M.)
- Faculty of Chemistry, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi 71, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
| | - Kazhybek Ashimuly
- Institute of Genetic and Physiology, Al-Farabi 93, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan; (E.A.S.); (Y.A.L.); (K.A.); (N.D.M.)
- Faculty of Chemistry, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi 71, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
| | - Malika Erbay
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi 71, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan; (M.E.); (A.M.); (N.O.K.); (N.K.K.)
- Faculty of Chemistry, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi 71, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
| | - Aigerim Mamirova
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi 71, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan; (M.E.); (A.M.); (N.O.K.); (N.K.K.)
| | - Irada Nazarova
- Institute of Genetic and Physiology, Al-Farabi 93, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan; (E.A.S.); (Y.A.L.); (K.A.); (N.D.M.)
- Faculty of Chemistry, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi 71, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
| | - Nataliya D. Meduntseva
- Institute of Genetic and Physiology, Al-Farabi 93, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan; (E.A.S.); (Y.A.L.); (K.A.); (N.D.M.)
| | - Nataliya O. Kudrina
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi 71, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan; (M.E.); (A.M.); (N.O.K.); (N.K.K.)
- Institute of Genetic and Physiology, Al-Farabi 93, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan; (E.A.S.); (Y.A.L.); (K.A.); (N.D.M.)
| | - Nazym K. Korbozova
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi 71, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan; (M.E.); (A.M.); (N.O.K.); (N.K.K.)
- Institute of Genetic and Physiology, Al-Farabi 93, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan; (E.A.S.); (Y.A.L.); (K.A.); (N.D.M.)
| | - Erika D. Djangalina
- Institute of Genetic and Physiology, Al-Farabi 93, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan; (E.A.S.); (Y.A.L.); (K.A.); (N.D.M.)
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Ji X, Tang J, Zheng X, Li A, Zhang J. The regulating mechanism of salt tolerance of black walnut seedlings was revealed by the physiological and biochemical integration analysis. Plant Physiol Biochem 2024; 210:108548. [PMID: 38552263 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Salt stress is an important abiotic stress that seriously affects plant growth. In order to research the salt tolerance of walnut rootstocks so as to provide scientific basis for screening salt-tolerant walnut rootstocks, two kinds of black walnut seedlings, Juglans microcarpa L. (JM) and Juglans nigra L. (JN), were treated under salt stress with different concentrations of NaCl (0, 50, 100, and 200 mM) and the growth situation of seedlings were observed. The physiological indexes of JM and JN seedlings were also measured in different days after treatment. Our study showed salt stress inhibited seedlings growth and limited biomass accumulation. Walnut mainly increased osmotic adjustment ability by accumulation Pro and SS. Furthermore, with the duration of treatment time increased, SOD and APX activities decreased, TPC and TFC contents increased. Walnut accumulated Na mostly in roots and transported more K and Ca to aboveground parts. The growth and physiological response performance differed between JM and JN, specifically, the differences occurred in the ability to absorb minerals, regulate osmotic stress, and scavenge ROS. Salt tolerance of JM and JN was assessed by principal component analysis (PCA) and resulted in JN > JM. In conclusion, our results indicated that JN has higher salt tolerance than JM, and JN might be used as a potential germplasm resource for the genetic breeding of walnuts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinying Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Jiali Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Xu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Ao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Junpei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China.
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Choi DH, Hong M, Kwon TH, Lee SU. Antioxidant and Anti-Obesity Effects of Juglans mandshurica in 3T3-L1 Cells and High-Fat Diet Obese Rats. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 34:634-643. [PMID: 38111312 PMCID: PMC11016786 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2311.11032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Juglans mandshurica Maxim. walnut (JMW) is well-known for the treatment of dermatosis, cancer, gastritis, diarrhea, and leukorrhea in Korea. However, the molecular mechanism underlying its anti-obesity activity remains unknown. In the current study, we aimed to determine whether JMW can influence adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and high-fat diet rats and determine the antioxidant activity. The 20% ethanol extract of JMW (JMWE) had a total polyphenol content of 133.33 ± 2.60 mg GAE/g. Considering the antioxidant capacity, the ABTS and DPPH values of 200 μg/ml of JMWE were 95.69 ± 0.94 and 79.38 ± 1.55%, respectively. To assess the anti-obesity activity of JMWE, we analyzed the cell viability, fat accumulation, and adipogenesis-related factors, including CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein alpha (C/EBPα), sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP1c), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ), fatty acid synthase (FAS), and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC). We found that total lipid accumulation and triglyceride levels were reduced, and the fat accumulation rate decreased in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, JMWE suppressed adipogenesis-related factors C/EBPα, PPARγ, and SREBP1c, as well as FAS and ACC, both related to lipogenesis. Moreover, animal experiments revealed that JMWE could be employed to prevent and treat obesity-related diseases. Hence, JMWE could be developed as a healthy functional food and further explored as an anti-obesity drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Hye Choi
- Institute of Biological Resources, Chuncheon Bioindustry Foundation, Chuncheon 24232, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Hong
- Institute of Biological Resources, Chuncheon Bioindustry Foundation, Chuncheon 24232, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hyung Kwon
- Institute of Biological Resources, Chuncheon Bioindustry Foundation, Chuncheon 24232, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Ung Lee
- Institute of Biological Resources, Chuncheon Bioindustry Foundation, Chuncheon 24232, Republic of Korea
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Wang Y, Tang H, Deng X, Shen Y, Tang M, Wang F. Screening and Constructing of Novel Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme Inhibiting Peptides from Walnut Protein Isolate and Their Mechanisms of Action: A Merged In Silico and In Vitro Study. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 2024; 79:48-58. [PMID: 37962805 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-023-01122-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE)-inhibiting peptides were isolated from walnut protein isolate (WPI) using ultrasound-assisted extraction. This study aimed to assess the impact of ultrasonic pretreatment on the physicochemical properties of WPI. The optimal extraction conditions for WPI were determined as a 15-min ultrasonic treatment at 400 W. Subsequently, the hydrolysate exhibiting the highest in vitro ACE-inhibiting activity underwent further processing and separation steps, including ultrafiltration, ion exchange chromatography, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, ADMET screening, and molecular docking. As a result of this comprehensive process, two previously unidentified ACE-inhibiting peptides, namely Tyr-Ile-Gln (YIQ) and Ile-Tyr-Gln (IYQ), were identified. In addition, a novel peptide, Ile-Lys-Gln (IKQ), was synthesized, demonstrating superior ACE-inhibiting activity and temperature stability. In silico analysis estimated an in vivo utilization rate of 21.7% for IKQ. These peptides were observed to inhibit ACE through an anti-competitive mechanism, with molecular docking simulations suggesting an interaction mechanism involving hydrogen bonding. Notably, both IYQ and IKQ peptides exhibited no discernible toxicity to HUVECs cells and promoted nitric oxide (NO) generation. These findings underscore the potential of ultrasonicated WPI in the separation of ACE-inhibiting peptides and their utility in the development of novel ACE inhibitors for functional food applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing Key Laboratory of Forest Processing and Safety, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Tsinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing City, 100083, China
| | - Hengkuan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing Key Laboratory of Forest Processing and Safety, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Tsinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing City, 100083, China
- The Institute of Inspection and Supervision, Hygiene and Health in Chaoyang District of Beijing, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Xinyue Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing Key Laboratory of Forest Processing and Safety, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Tsinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing City, 100083, China
| | - Yijie Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing Key Laboratory of Forest Processing and Safety, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Tsinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing City, 100083, China
| | - Mingjian Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing Key Laboratory of Forest Processing and Safety, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Tsinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing City, 100083, China
| | - Fengjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing Key Laboratory of Forest Processing and Safety, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Tsinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing City, 100083, China.
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Li Y, Dang Q, Shen Y, Guo L, Liu C, Wu D, Fang L, Leng Y, Min W. Therapeutic effects of a walnut-derived peptide on NLRP3 inflammasome activation, synaptic plasticity, and cognitive dysfunction in T2DM mice. Food Funct 2024; 15:2295-2313. [PMID: 38323487 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo05076a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
NLRP3 inflammasome activation plays a key role in the development of diabetes-induced cognitive impairment. However, strategies to inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome activation remain elusive. Herein, we evaluated the impact of a walnut-derived peptide, TWLPLPR (TW-7), on cognitive impairment in high-fat diet/streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) mice and explored its underlying mechanisms in high glucose-induced HT-22 cells. In the Morris water maze test, TW-7 alleviated cognitive deficits in mice; this was confirmed at the level of synaptic structure and dendritic spine density in the mouse hippocampus using transmission electron microscopy and Golgi staining. TW-7 increased the expression of synaptic plasticity-related proteins and suppressed the NEK7/NLRP3 inflammatory pathway, as determined by western blotting and immunofluorescence analysis. The mechanism of action of TW-7 was verified in an HT-22 cell model of high glucose-induced insulin resistance. Collectively, TW-7 could regulate T2DM neuroinflammation and synaptic function-induced cognitive impairment by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation and improving synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanru Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, P. R. China.
| | - Qiao Dang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, P. R. China.
| | - Yue Shen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, P. R. China.
| | - Linxin Guo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, P. R. China.
| | - Chunlei Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, P. R. China.
| | - Dan Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, P. R. China.
| | - Li Fang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, P. R. China.
| | - Yue Leng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, P. R. China.
| | - Weihong Min
- College of Food and Health, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, P.R. China.
- National Grain Industry (High-Quality Rice Storage in Temperate and Humid Region) Technology Innovation Center, Hangzhou 311300, China
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Yuan Y, Wang X, Wang Y, Liu Y, Zhao L, Zhao L, Cai S. The Gastroprotective Effect of Walnut Peptides: Mechanisms and Impact on Ethanol-Induced Acute Gastric Mucosal Injury in Mice. Nutrients 2023; 15:4866. [PMID: 38068724 PMCID: PMC10708498 DOI: 10.3390/nu15234866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this research was to explore the protective impact of walnut peptides (WP) against ethanol-induced acute gastric mucosal injury in mice and to investigate the underlying defense mechanisms. Sixty male BALB-c mice were divided into five groups, and they were orally administered distilled water, walnut peptides (200 and 400 mg/kg bw), and omeprazole (20 mg/kg bw) for 24 days. Acute gastric mucosal injury was then induced with 75% ethanol in all groups of mice except the blank control group. Walnut peptides had significant protective and restorative effects on tissue indices of ethanol-induced gastric mucosal damage, with potential gastric anti-ulcer effects. Walnut peptides significantly inhibited the excessive accumulation of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate transferase (AST), and malondialdehyde (MDA), while promoting the expression of reduced glutathione (GSH), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), glutathione disulfide (GSSG), and mouse epidermal growth factor (EGF). Furthermore, the Western blot analysis results revealed that walnut peptides significantly upregulated the expression of HO-1 and NQO1 proteins in the Nrf2 signaling pathway. The defensive impact of walnut peptides on the gastric mucosa may be achieved by mitigating the excessive generation of lipid peroxides and by boosting cellular antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Yuan
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (Y.Y.); (X.W.); (Y.L.); (L.Z.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China;
| | - Xinyi Wang
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (Y.Y.); (X.W.); (Y.L.); (L.Z.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China;
| | - Yumeng Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China;
| | - Yaqi Liu
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (Y.Y.); (X.W.); (Y.L.); (L.Z.)
| | - Liang Zhao
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (Y.Y.); (X.W.); (Y.L.); (L.Z.)
| | - Lei Zhao
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (Y.Y.); (X.W.); (Y.L.); (L.Z.)
| | - Shengbao Cai
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
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Wei R, Hao Z, Huang D, Wang R, Pan X, Zhang W. Overexpression of JsFLS5 in calli improves salinity tolerance by maintaining active oxygen balance and reducing Na + toxicity in Juglans sigillata. Physiol Plant 2023; 175:e14002. [PMID: 37882294 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
The escalating global climate change significantly threatens plant growth, development, and production through salinity stress. Flavonoids, a crucial category of secondary metabolites, have been extensively studied for their role in modulating plant growth and development mechanisms in the face of biological and abiotic stress. The flavonol synthetase (FLS) gene plays a key role in the biosynthesis and accumulation of flavonoids. To investigate the correlation between salt tolerance and flavonol synthesis, JsFLS5 was overexpressed in the callus of Juglans sigillata cv. "Qianhe-7." This study shows that the upregulation of JsFLS5 significantly elevates the overall flavonoid content by modulating the expression of genes associated with flavonoid synthesis under salinity stress conditions. Additionally, the overexpressing callus exhibited enhanced resistance to salt stress compared to the wild-type callus, as evidenced by reduced levels of reactive oxygen species accumulation, electrolyte leakage, and malondialdehyde content in the overexpressing callus relative to the wild type (WT). Moreover, the overexpressing callus showed higher antioxidant enzyme activity and a more efficient ascorbic acid-glutathione cycle. Furthermore, the concentration of Na+ in the overexpressing callus was lower than WT, resulting in a decreased Na+ /K+ ratio. These findings suggest that JsFLS5 overexpression in calli effectively mitigates the oxidative damage induced by osmotic stress and reduces Na+ toxicity by enhancing flavonoid synthesis under salt stress conditions. Consequently, this study offers a novel perspective for comprehending the role of JsFLS5 in the response to abiotic stress in J. sigillata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Wei
- College of Agricultural, Guizhou Engineering Research Center for Fruit Crops, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- College of Agricultural, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhenkun Hao
- College of Agricultural, Guizhou Engineering Research Center for Fruit Crops, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- College of Agricultural, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Dong Huang
- College of Agricultural, Guizhou Engineering Research Center for Fruit Crops, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- College of Agricultural, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Ruipu Wang
- College of Agricultural, Guizhou Engineering Research Center for Fruit Crops, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- College of Agricultural, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xuejun Pan
- College of Agricultural, Guizhou Engineering Research Center for Fruit Crops, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- College of Agricultural, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Wen'e Zhang
- College of Agricultural, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
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Yilmaz S, Şanver Çelik E, Ergün S, Ahmadifar E, Abdel-Latif HMR. Effects of dietary walnut (Juglans regia) leaves extract on immunity, gene expression responses, and disease resistance in Oreochromis niloticus. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2023; 135:108656. [PMID: 36868534 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The dietary effects of walnut leaf extract (WLE) on the growth, immunity, and resistance of Oreochromis niloticus to bacterial infection have been investigated. Five diets were prepared with various WLE doses of 0, 250, 500, 750, and 1000 mg/kg, termed as Con (control), WLE250, WLE500, WLE750, and WLE1000, respectively. Fish (11.67 ± 0.21 g) were fed these diets for 60 days and then challenged with Plesiomonas shigelloides. Before the challenge, it was observed that dietary WLE did not significantly affect the growth, blood proteins (globulin, albumin, and total protein), and liver function enzymes (ALT and AST) activities. The WLE250 group significantly increased serum SOD and CAT activities more than other groups. The serum immunological indices (lysozyme and myeloperoxidase activities) and hematological parameters (phagocytic activity %, phagocytic index, respiratory burst activity, and potential activity) were significantly increased in the WLE groups compared with the Con group. The expression of IgM heavy chain, IL-1β, and IL-8 genes were significantly upregulated in all WLE-supplemented groups in comparison with the Con group. The fish survival rates (SR; %) post challenge in the Con, WLE250, WLE500, WLE750 and WLE1000 groups were 40.0%, 49.3%, 86.7%, 73.3%, and 70.7%, respectively. The Kaplan-Meier survivorship curves illustrated that the highest SR% was found in the WLE500 group (86.7%) amongst the other groups. Accordingly, we can suggest that feeding O. niloticus with a diet supplied with WLE at a dose rate of 500 mg/kg over 60 days could enrich haemato-immune responses and increase the fish survival against the challenge with P. shigelloides. These results recommend using WLE as a herbal dietary supplement to substitute antibiotic use in aquafeed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevdan Yilmaz
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Marine Sciences and Technology, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, 17100, Turkey.
| | - Ekrem Şanver Çelik
- Department of Marine Technology, Faculty of Marine Sciences and Technology, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Sebahattin Ergün
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Marine Sciences and Technology, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, 17100, Turkey
| | - Ehsan Ahmadifar
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
| | - Hany M R Abdel-Latif
- Department of Poultry and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 22758, Egypt.
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10
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Hou W, Zhao F, Fang L, Wang X, Wu D, Liu C, Leng Y, Gao Y, Fu J, Wang J, Min W. Walnut-Derived Peptides Promote Autophagy via the Activation of AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 Pathway to Ameliorate Hyperglycemia in Type 2 Diabetic Mice. J Agric Food Chem 2023; 71:3751-3765. [PMID: 36802594 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c07112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy flux plays a significant protective role in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the mechanisms by which autophagy mediates insulin resistance (IR) to ameliorate T2DM remain unclear. This study explored the hypoglycemic effects and mechanisms of walnut-derived peptides (fraction 3-10 kDa and LP5) in streptozotocin and high-fat-diet-induced T2DM mice. Findings revealed that walnut-derived peptides reduced the levels of blood glucose and FINS and ameliorated IR and dyslipidemia. They also increased SOD and GSH-PX activities and inhibited the secretion of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β. Additionally, they increased the levels of ATP, COX, SDH, and MMP of liver mitochondria. Western blotting indicated that walnut-derived peptides up-regulated LC3-II/LC3-I and Beclin-1 expression, while they down-regulated p62 expression, which may be associated with the activation of the AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 pathway. Finally, the AMPK activator (AICAR) and inhibitor (Compound C) were used to verify that LP5 could activate autophagy through the AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 pathway in IR HepG2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyu Hou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun 130118, People's Republic of China
| | - Fanrui Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun 130118, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Fang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun 130118, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiyan Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun 130118, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun 130118, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunlei Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun 130118, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Leng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun 130118, People's Republic of China
| | - Yawen Gao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun 130118, People's Republic of China
| | - Junxi Fu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun 130118, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun 130118, People's Republic of China
| | - Weihong Min
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun 130118, People's Republic of China
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11
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Ma J, Zuo D, Ye H, Yan Y, Li M, Zhao P. Genome-wide identification, characterization, and expression pattern of the late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) gene family in Juglans regia and its wild relatives J. mandshurica. BMC Plant Biol 2023; 23:80. [PMID: 36740678 PMCID: PMC9901102 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04096-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Late Embryogenesis Abundant (LEA) proteins are a class of proteins associated with plant stress resistance. Two Juglans species, Juglans regia and J. mandshurica, are both diploid (2n = 32), monoecious perennial economic tree species with high edible, pharmaceutical, and timber value. The identification, characterization, and expression patterns of LEA proteins in J. regia and its wild relative, J. mandshurica, would not only provide the genetic basis of this gene family, but it would also supply clues for further studies of the evolution and regulating mechanisms of LEA proteins in other tree species. RESULTS In this study, we identified 25 and 20 members of the LEA gene family in Juglans regia and its wild relative, Juglans mandshurica, respectively. The results of phylogenetic analysis showed that the LEA members were divided into eight main subgroups. Predictions of their physicochemical properties showed the variable characteristics of LEA proteins, and the subcellular localization analysis indicated that most LEA proteins are localized in the nucleus. Chromosomal localization analysis and gene replication pattern prediction indicated that WGD is the predominant duplication mode of LEA genes. The results of the comparative analysis indicated a high level of collinearity between the two Juglans species. Analysis of cis-acting elements indicated that LEA genes had a relatively wide range of responses to abiotic stresses and phytohormonal processes, particularly in two phytohormones, methyl jasmonate and abscisic acid. Transcriptome profiling and qRT-PCR experiments showed that JrLEAs are commonly expressed in leaves, green husks, and male and female flowers, and most JmLEAs are more highly expressed in male flowers. We also hypothesized that JrLEAs are involved in the process of anthracnose resistance. Anthracnose-resistant varieties of JrLEAs presented relatively high expression levels at later stages. CONCLUSION In this study, we provide a theoretical basis for the functional study of LEA genes in J. regia and J. mandshurica. Analysis of cis-acting elements and gene expression indicated that JrLEAs and JmLEAs play important roles in resistance to biotic stresses in these species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Ma
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, 710069 Shaanxi China
| | - Dongjun Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, 710069 Shaanxi China
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | - Hang Ye
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, 710069 Shaanxi China
| | - Yujie Yan
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, 710069 Shaanxi China
| | - Mengdi Li
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, 710069 Shaanxi China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, 710069 Shaanxi China
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12
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Zhang Q, Li M, Yang G, Liu X, Yu Z, Peng S. Protocatechuic acid, ferulic acid and relevant defense enzymes correlate closely with walnut resistance to Xanthomonas arboricola pv. juglandis. BMC Plant Biol 2022; 22:598. [PMID: 36539704 PMCID: PMC9764544 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03997-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Juglans regia L. is an important nut tree that has a wide range of distribution in temperate regions of the world. In some walnut orchards, walnut blight can become a problematic disease that affects the growth of walnut trees. To explore the correlation between biochemical response and walnut resistance, we inoculated four walnut cultivars with Xanthomonas arboricola pv. juglandis (Xaj). The walnut cultivars were, namely, 'Xiangling', 'Xiluo 2', 'Yuanfeng' and 'Xifu 2'. Total phenol content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) were measured, whereby nine major phenolic compounds and several relevant enzymes were identified. RESULTS The results showed that the most resistant and susceptible walnut varieties were 'Xiluo 2' and 'Xifu 2' respectively. The reaction of walnut to Xaj was characterized by the early accumulation of phenolic compounds in the infected site. After inoculation with Xaj, we found that the resistant variety 'Xiluo 2' show the significant differences with other varieties at different time points through the determination of related antioxidant enzymes such as catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD). Meanwhile, the phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) of 'Xiluo 2' increased significantly at 8 day post infection (dpi) and made differences from the control samples, while other varieties changed little. And the polyphenol oxidase (PPO) was significantly higher than in the control at 16 dpi, maintaining the highest and the lowest activity in 'Xiluo 2' and 'Xifu 2' respectively. It was also found that the content of protocatechuic acid in all cultivars increased significantly at 4 dpi, and 'Xiluo 2' was significantly higher than that of the control. In the early stage of the disease, ferulic acid content increased significantly in 'Xiluo 2'. CONCLUSION Our findings confirmed that the metabolism of phenolic compounds and related defense enzymes are of great significance in the response of walnut to Xaj.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Laboratory of Walnut Research Center, College of Forestry, Northwest A & F University, Shaanxi, 712100, Yangling, China
| | - Meixuan Li
- Laboratory of Walnut Research Center, College of Forestry, Northwest A & F University, Shaanxi, 712100, Yangling, China
| | - Guiyan Yang
- Laboratory of Walnut Research Center, College of Forestry, Northwest A & F University, Shaanxi, 712100, Yangling, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Liu
- Department of Foreign Languages, Northwest A & F University, Shaanxi, 712100, Yangling, China
| | - Zhongdong Yu
- Laboratory of Walnut Research Center, College of Forestry, Northwest A & F University, Shaanxi, 712100, Yangling, China
| | - Shaobing Peng
- Laboratory of Walnut Research Center, College of Forestry, Northwest A & F University, Shaanxi, 712100, Yangling, China.
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13
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Untea AE, Turcu RP, Saracila M, Vlaicu PA, Panaite TD, Oancea AG. Broiler meat fatty acids composition, lipid metabolism, and oxidative stability parameters as affected by cranberry leaves and walnut meal supplemented diets. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21618. [PMID: 36517513 PMCID: PMC9750998 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25866-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A randomized complete block with a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement was used to design a nutrition experiment conducted for the evaluation of the relation between walnut meal (WM-6% inclusion rate) and cranberry leaves (CL-1% and 2% inclusion rate) supplements and their effects on tissue lipid profile, lipid metabolism indices and oxidative stability of meat. Semi-intensive system conditions were simulated for 240 Ross 308 broilers and the animals were reared on permanent shave litter in boxes of 3 m2 (40 broilers / each group, housed in a single box). The current study results showed that the diets enriched in linolenic acid (LNA) (WM diets) led to broilers meat enriched in LNA, but the synthesis of long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC n-3 PUFA) was stimulated when the diets were supplemented with a natural antioxidants source (CL diets). The CL diet also exhibited the most powerful effect in counteracting the oxidative processes of meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arabela Elena Untea
- Feed and Food Quality Department, National Research and Development Institute for Biology and Animal Nutrition, Calea Bucharest, No. 1, 077015, Balotesti, Ilfov, Romania.
| | - Raluca Paula Turcu
- Feed and Food Quality Department, National Research and Development Institute for Biology and Animal Nutrition, Calea Bucharest, No. 1, 077015, Balotesti, Ilfov, Romania
| | - Mihaela Saracila
- Feed and Food Quality Department, National Research and Development Institute for Biology and Animal Nutrition, Calea Bucharest, No. 1, 077015, Balotesti, Ilfov, Romania
| | - Petru Alexandru Vlaicu
- Feed and Food Quality Department, National Research and Development Institute for Biology and Animal Nutrition, Calea Bucharest, No. 1, 077015, Balotesti, Ilfov, Romania
| | - Tatiana Dumitra Panaite
- Nutrition Physiology Department, National Research and Development Institute for Biology and Animal Nutrition, Calea Bucharest, No. 1, 077015, Balotesti, Ilfov, Romania
| | - Alexandra Gabriela Oancea
- Feed and Food Quality Department, National Research and Development Institute for Biology and Animal Nutrition, Calea Bucharest, No. 1, 077015, Balotesti, Ilfov, Romania
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14
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Zhao M, Li Y, Zhang X, You X, Yu H, Guo R, Zhao X. Genome-Wide Identification of AP2/ERF Superfamily Genes in Juglans mandshurica and Expression Analysis under Cold Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315225. [PMID: 36499551 PMCID: PMC9736363 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Juglans mandshurica has strong freezing resistance, surviving temperatures as low as -40 °C, making it an important freeze tolerant germplasm resource of the genus Juglans. APETALA2/ethylene responsive factor (AP2/ERF) is a plant-specific superfamily of transcription factors that regulates plant development, growth, and the response to biotic and abiotic stress. In this study, phylogenetic analysis was used to identify 184 AP2/ERF genes in the J. mandshurica genome, which were classified into five subfamilies (JmAP2, JmRAV, JmSoloist, JmDREB, and JmERF). A significant amount of discordance was observed in the 184 AP2/ERF genes distribution of J. mandshurica throughout its 16 chromosomes. Duplication was found in 14 tandem and 122 segmental gene pairs, which indicated that duplications may be the main reason for JmAP2/ERF family expansion. Gene structural analysis revealed that 64 JmAP2/ERF genes contained introns. Gene evolution analysis among Juglandaceae revealed that J. mandshurica is separated by 14.23 and 15 Mya from Juglans regia and Carya cathayensis, respectively. Based on promoter analysis in J. mandshurica, many cis-acting elements were discovered that are related to light, hormones, tissues, and stress response processes. Proteins that may contribute to cold resistance were selected for further analysis and were used to construct a cold regulatory network based on GO annotation and JmAP2/ERF protein interaction network analysis. Expression profiling using qRT-PCR showed that 14 JmAP2/ERF genes were involved in cold resistance, and that seven and five genes were significantly upregulated under cold stress in female flower buds and phloem tissues, respectively. This study provides new light on the role of the JmAP2/ERF gene in cold stress response, paving the way for further functional validation of JmAP2/ERF TFs and their application in the genetic improvement of Juglans and other tree species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Zhao
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tree and Grass Genetics and Breeding, College of Forestry and Grassland Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yan Li
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tree and Grass Genetics and Breeding, College of Forestry and Grassland Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tree and Grass Genetics and Breeding, College of Forestry and Grassland Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Xiangling You
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Haiyang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Ruixue Guo
- College of Horticulture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- Correspondence: (R.G.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xiyang Zhao
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tree and Grass Genetics and Breeding, College of Forestry and Grassland Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- Correspondence: (R.G.); (X.Z.)
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15
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Ling M, Yan C, Huang X, Xu Y, He C, Zhou Z. Phosphorylated walnut protein isolate as a nanocarrier for enhanced water solubility and stability of curcumin. J Sci Food Agric 2022; 102:5700-5710. [PMID: 35388485 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The low solubility and poor dispersion of alkaline-extracted walnut protein isolate (AWPI) limit its application as a protein-based carrier for the delivery of poorly soluble nutraceuticals, including curcumin. This work investigated the physicochemical characteristics of phosphorylated walnut protein isolate (PWPI) extracted using sodium tripolyphosphate (STP) and evaluated its encapsulation ability. RESULTS The results of phosphorus determination, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy confirmed the phosphorylation of the extracted PWPI. Circular dichroism (CD) analysis indicated that PWPI contained higher α-helix and lower β-sheet contents than AWPI. The PWPI prepared at pH 9.0 and 11.0 showed significantly improved solubility, similar surface hydrophobicity, and increased surface charges compared to the AWPI. Fluorescence quenching experiments indicated that the binding affinity of curcumin to PWPI was significantly higher than that of AWPI. When bound to PWPI, the solubility of curcumin in aqueous solution was greatly enhanced, with an 8700-fold increase at a nanocomplex concentration of 10 mg mL-1 . The complexation of curcumin with PWPI significantly improved the storage stability of curcumin. Additionally, the PWPI-curcumin nanocomplexes showed significantly increased antioxidant capacity. CONCLUSION Phosphorylated walnut protein isolate showed greatly improved solubility and strong encapsulation ability, making it a promising nanocarrier for curcumin. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Ling
- School of Food Science and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Chunjun Yan
- School of Food Science and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Xuan Huang
- School of Food Science and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Yanfei Xu
- School of Food Science and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Changwei He
- School of Food Science and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Zheng Zhou
- School of Food Science and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu, PR China
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16
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Liu D, Di H, Guo Y, Betchem G, Ma H. Multi-mode S-type ultrasound-assisted protein extraction from walnut dregs and in situ real-time process monitoring. Ultrason Sonochem 2022; 89:106116. [PMID: 35964528 PMCID: PMC9391577 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2022.106116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the impact of multi-mode S-type ultrasound treatment on the protein extraction level of walnut dregs. The structural properties of the walnut protein (WP) were characterized, and the correlation between protein structure and extraction level was analyzed. The in situ real-time monitoring model for the ultrasound-assisted WP extraction process was established by a miniature fiber near-infrared (NIR) spectrometer. Results showed that the protein yield, purity, and comprehensive extraction index (CEI) of extracted WP were 71.07 %, 72.69 %, and 71.72, respectively, under optimal conditions (dual-frequency 20/28 kHz, ultrasonic treatment duration 30 min, and ultrasound power density 120 W/L). The secondary structure of extracted WP displayed that the proportion of α-helix and β-sheet reduced, while the contents of β-turn and random coil increased after ultrasonic treatment. Besides, sonication decreased the disulfide bond content and increased free sulfhydryl (-SH) and surface hydrophobicity compared to the control. The microstructures of WP confirmed that appropriate sonication could unfold the protein aggregates and reduce the particle size. The extraction level of WP is positively correlated with the -SH content (p < 0.01). The quantitative prediction model of Si-PLS for -SH content in the ultrasound-assisted WP extraction process was established and performed a good correction and prediction performance (Rc = 0.9736; RMSECV = 0.446 μmol/L; Rp = 0.9342; RMSEP = 0.807 μmol/L). This study exploited a high-efficiency way for the WP extraction industry, and provided theoretical support for the development of the intelligent system in industrial protein extraction process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Liu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Hongyan Di
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Yiting Guo
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China; Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China.
| | - Garba Betchem
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Haile Ma
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China; Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China.
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17
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Abstract
Walnut-origin by-products obtained from walnut oil extraction industry are high in proteins with various physiological functions and pharmacological properties and an extensive potential for usage in producing bioactive peptides. This review presents the current research status of bioactive peptides derived from walnut by-products, including preparation, separation, purification, identification, bioactivities, and bioavailability. A plethora of walnut peptides with multiple biological activities, including antioxidative, antihypertensive, neuroprotective, antidiabetic, anticancer, and antihyperuricemia activities, were obtained from walnut-origin by-products by enzymatic hydrolysis, fermentation, and synthesis. Different bioactive peptides show various structural characteristics and amino acid composition due to their diverse mechanism of action. Furthermore, walnut protein and its hydrolysate present a high bioavailability in human gastrointestinal digestive system. Improving the bioavailability of walnut peptides is needful in the development of walnut industry. However, future research still needs to exploit energy conservation, high efficiency, environmentally friendly and low-cost production method of walnut bioactive peptide. The molecular mechanisms of different bioactive walnut peptides still need to be explored at the cell and gene levels. Additionally, the digestion, absorption, and metabolism processes of walnut peptides are also the focus of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Liu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yiting Guo
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Haile Ma
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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18
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Yang J, Fang L, Lu H, Liu C, Wang J, Wu D, Min W. Walnut-Derived Peptide Enhances Mitophagy via JNK-Mediated PINK1 Activation to Reduce Oxidative Stress in HT-22 Cells. J Agric Food Chem 2022; 70:2630-2642. [PMID: 35187930 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Mitophagy has a neuroprotective effect on reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced neurodegenerative diseases. The walnut-derived polypeptide (TW-7) has antioxidant activity and protects nerves by promoting autophagy. However, its action mechanism against oxidative stress through mitophagy remains obscure. Therefore, we aimed to assess the effects of TW-7 on HT-22 cells under oxidative stress. Mitochondrial ultrastructure and cristae number were observed by transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that TW-7 (100 μM) restored the fluorescence intensity of the mitochondrial membrane potential to 0.99 ± 0.04 (P < 0.05), decreased H2O2-induced opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pores, and inhibited mitochondrial bioenergetic deficits. Moreover, it significantly increased activities of antioxidant enzymes to 186.88 ± 5.40 U/mgprot, 40.08 ± 0.87 mU/mgprot, and 23.57 ± 0.77 U/mgprot (P < 0.05), based on superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase (CAT) assay results, respectively. Consistently, it decreased cellular and mitochondrial ROS levels by 51.71 ± 0.81 and 49.75 ± 0.69% (P < 0.05). TW-7 also downregulated C-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation and activated PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1)-mediated mitophagy in H2O2-induced HT-22 cells treated with JNK activator (anisomycin) and inhibitor (SP600125). Furthermore, TW-7 inhibited the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway by downregulation of the cytoplasmic cytochrome C, caspase-9, and cleaved-caspase-3 expression. Additionally, BDNF and SNAP-25 levels significantly increased to protect the synaptic function. Collectively, TW-7 improved oxidative stress-mediated nerve cell injury via JNK-regulated PINK1-mediated mitophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingqi Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, No. 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun 130118, P. R. China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun 130118, P. R. China
| | - Li Fang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, No. 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun 130118, P. R. China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun 130118, P. R. China
| | - Hongyan Lu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, No. 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun 130118, P. R. China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun 130118, P. R. China
| | - Chunlei Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, No. 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun 130118, P. R. China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun 130118, P. R. China
| | - Ji Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, No. 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun 130118, P. R. China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun 130118, P. R. China
| | - Dan Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, No. 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun 130118, P. R. China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun 130118, P. R. China
| | - Weihong Min
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, No. 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun 130118, P. R. China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun 130118, P. R. China
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Guo Z, Yu S, Fu J, Ma K, Zhang R. Screening and functional prediction of differentially expressed genes in walnut endocarp during hardening period based on deep neural network under agricultural internet of things. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263755. [PMID: 35202404 PMCID: PMC8870417 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The deep neural network is used to establish a neural network model to solve the problems of low accuracy and poor accuracy of traditional algorithms in screening differentially expressed genes and function prediction during the walnut endocarp hardening stage. The paper walnut is used as the research object to analyze the biological information of paper walnut. The changes of lignin deposition during endocarp hardening from 50 days to 90 days are observed by microscope. Then, the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Long and Short-term Memory (LSTM) network model are adopted to construct an expression gene screening and function prediction model. Then, the transcriptome and proteome sequencing and biological information of walnut endocarp samples at 50, 57, 78, and 90 days after flowering are analyzed and taken as the training data set of the CNN + LSTM model. The experimental results demonstrate that the endocarp of paper walnut began to harden at 57 days, and the endocarp tissue on the hardened inner side also began to stain. This indicates that the endocarp hardened laterally from outside to inside. The screening and prediction results show that the CNN + LSTM model’s highest accuracy can reach 0.9264. The Accuracy, Precision, Recall, and F1-score of the CNN + LSTM model are better than the traditional machine learning algorithm. Moreover, the Receiver Operating Curve (ROC) area enclosed by the CNN + LSTM model and coordinate axis is the largest, and the Area Under Curve (AUC) value is 0.9796. The comparison of ROC and AUC proves that the CNN + LSTM model is better than the traditional algorithm for screening differentially expressed genes and function prediction in the walnut endocarp hardening stage. Using deep learning to predict expressed genes’ function accurately can reduce the breeding cost and significantly improve the yield and quality of crops. This research provides scientific guidance for the scientific breeding of paper walnut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongzhong Guo
- College of Life Science, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Resource Protection and Utilization of Tarim Basin Xinjiang Production and Construction Group, Alar, Xinjiang, China
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of High Efficiency and Superior-Quality Cultivation and Fruit Deep Processing Technology of Characteristic Fruit Trees in South Xinjiang, Alar, Xinjiang, China
| | - Shangqi Yu
- College of Life Science, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Resource Protection and Utilization of Tarim Basin Xinjiang Production and Construction Group, Alar, Xinjiang, China
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of High Efficiency and Superior-Quality Cultivation and Fruit Deep Processing Technology of Characteristic Fruit Trees in South Xinjiang, Alar, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jiazhi Fu
- Key Laboratory of Biological Resource Protection and Utilization of Tarim Basin Xinjiang Production and Construction Group, Alar, Xinjiang, China
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of High Efficiency and Superior-Quality Cultivation and Fruit Deep Processing Technology of Characteristic Fruit Trees in South Xinjiang, Alar, Xinjiang, China
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang, China
| | - Kai Ma
- Research Institute of Horticultural Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biological Resource Protection and Utilization of Tarim Basin Xinjiang Production and Construction Group, Alar, Xinjiang, China
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of High Efficiency and Superior-Quality Cultivation and Fruit Deep Processing Technology of Characteristic Fruit Trees in South Xinjiang, Alar, Xinjiang, China
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang, China
- * E-mail:
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20
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Wang M, Amakye WK, Gong C, Ren Z, Yuan E, Ren J. Effect of oral and intraperitoneal administration of walnut-derived pentapeptide PW5 on cognitive impairments in APP SWE/PS1 ΔE9 mice. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 180:191-197. [PMID: 35077820 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Food-derived bioactive peptides, encrypted in native protein sequence, have attracted enormous research attention due to its potential in the prevention and/or treatment of a broad range of diseases. However, administration route poses a great challenge to their development and commercial applications. Patient-friendly delivery of bioactive peptides which also enhances its efficacy urgently remain to be addressed. Here we compared the effects of oral administration (PO) to intraperitoneal injection (IP) of a walnut-derived bioactive pentapeptide PW5 (Pro-Pro-Lys-Asn-Trp) in cognitive improvement capacity in APPSWE/PS1ΔE9 transgenic mice. Strikingly, we found that only PO administration of PW5 could effectively ameliorate cognitive impairments and reduce the β-amyloid deposits in the brain compared to the IP administration. This may be attributable to alterations in the gut microbiota communities, including alterations in microbial α- and β-diversities after PO treatment, leading to the reversal of the relative abundances of ten differential genera (e.g. Acinetobacter, Lactobacillus, Akkermansia, Allobaculum, Adlercreutzia, Coriobacteriaceae, unclassified_p_ Firmicutes, Desulfovibrionaceae, Oscillospira and Anaeroplasma) which are highly correlated with disease progression. Thus, this study has leveraged on PW5 to proof the superior efficacy of oral delivery to injection delivery in improving cognitive impairments in vivo, suggesting that oral delivery might be highly recommended as a prioritized delivery route in the development of food-derived peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510641, China
| | - William Kwame Amakye
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510641, China
| | - Congcong Gong
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510641, China
| | - Zhengyu Ren
- College of Pharmacology, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Erdong Yuan
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510641, China
| | - Jiaoyan Ren
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510641, China; Research Institute for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Guangzhou, China.
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21
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Li M, Ma J, Liu H, Ou M, Ye H, Zhao P. Identification and Characterization of Wall-Associated Kinase (WAK) and WAK-like (WAKL) Gene Family in Juglans regia and Its Wild Related Species Juglans mandshurica. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13010134. [PMID: 35052474 PMCID: PMC8775259 DOI: 10.3390/genes13010134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Wall-associated kinase (WAK) and WAK-like kinase (WAKL) are receptor-like kinases (RLKs), which play important roles in signal transduction between the cell wall and the cytoplasm in plants. WAK/WAKLs have been studied in many plants, but were rarely studied in the important economic walnut tree. In this study, 27 and 14 WAK/WAKL genes were identified in Juglans regia and its wild related species Juglans mandshurica, respectively. We found tandem duplication might play a critical role in the expansion of WAK/WAKL gene family in J. regia, and most of the WAK/WAKL homologous pairs underwent purified selection during evolution. All WAK/WAKL proteins have the extracellular WAK domain and the cytoplasmic protein kinase domain, and the latter was more conserved than the former. Cis-acting elements analysis showed that WAK/WAKL might be involved in plant growth and development, plant response to abiotic stress and hormones. Gene expression pattern analysis further indicated that most WAK/WAKL genes in J. regia might play a role in the development of leaves and be involved in plant response to biotic stress. Our study provides a new perspective for the evolutionary analysis of gene families in tree species and also provides potential candidate genes for studying WAK/WAKL gene function in walnuts.
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Li P, Wang H, Liu P, Li Y, Liu K, An X, Zhang Z, Zhao S. The role of JrLACs in the lignification of walnut endocarp. BMC Plant Biol 2021; 21:511. [PMID: 34732134 PMCID: PMC8565057 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03280-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The walnut shell, which is composed of a large number of sclereids originating from the lignified parenchyma of the endocarp, plays an important role in fruit development and during harvesting and storage. The physical and chemical properties of walnut shells are closely related to the lignin content. Laccase is the key enzyme responsible for lignin biosynthesis by the polymerization of monolignols and plays crucial roles in secondary cell wall formation in plants. In this study, we screened and identified laccase family genes from the walnut genome and investigated the expression of laccase during endocarp lignification in walnut. RESULTS A total of 37 laccase genes were screened from the walnut genome and distributed on nine chromosomes and classified into 6 subfamilies, among which subfamily IV showed distinct expansion. We observed that endocarp lignification started 44 days after flowering (DAF), and at later periods, the lignin content increased rapidly, with growth peaks at 44-50 DAF and 100-115 DAF. The lignification of the endocarp proceeded from the outside to the inside, as demonstrated by section staining in combination with endocarp staining. Furthermore, the changes in the expression of laccase family genes in the endocarp at different developmental stages were studied, and JrLACs showed different expression trends. The expression of nine genes showed significant increase after 44 DAF, and among these, JrLAC12-1, JrLAC12-2 and JrLAC16 showed a significant change in expression at the lignification stage. A study of the expression of JrLACs in different tissues and at various endocarp developmental stages revealed, that most JrLACs were expressed at low levels in mature tissues and at high levels in young tissues, in particular, JrLAC12-1 showed high expression in the young stems. A significant positive correlation was found between the expression of JrLAC12-1 and the variation in the lignin content in the endocarp. CONCLUSION Laccase genes play an important role in the lignification of the walnut endocarp, and JrLACs play different roles during fruit development. This study shows that JrLAC12-1 may play a key role in the lignification of endocarp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Li
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Hongxia Wang
- Mountainous Areas Research Institute, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Pan Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Yaoling Li
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Kai Liu
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Xiuhong An
- Research Center for Agricultural Engineering Technology of Mountain District of Hebei, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Zhihua Zhang
- Mountainous Areas Research Institute, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Shugang Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China.
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Dakic T, Lakic I, Zec M, Takic M, Stojiljkovic M, Jevdjovic T. Fructose-rich diet and walnut supplementation differently regulate rat hypothalamic and hippocampal glucose transporters expression. J Sci Food Agric 2021; 101:5984-5991. [PMID: 33856052 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nutritional modulations may be considered a strategy to protect mental health. Neuronal homeostasis is highly dependent on the availability of glucose, which represents the primary energy source for the brain. In this study, we evaluated the effects of walnut intake and fructose-rich diet on the expression of glucose transporters (GLUTs) in two rat brain regions: hypothalamus and hippocampus. RESULTS Our results show that walnut supplementation of fructose-fed animals restored the hypothalamic content of GLUT1 and GLUT3 protein. Furthermore, walnut intake did not affect increased hypothalamic GLUT2 content upon fructose consumption. These effects were accompanied by distinctive alterations of hippocampal GLUTs levels. Specifically, walnut intake increased GLUT1 content, whereas GLUT2 protein was decreased within the rat hippocampus after both individual and combined treatments. CONCLUSION Overall, our study suggests that walnut supplementation exerted modulatory effects on the glucose transporters within specific brain regions in the presence of developed metabolic disorder. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Dakic
- Department for Comparative Physiology and Ecophysiology, Institute for Physiology and Biochemistry 'Ivan Djaja', Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Iva Lakic
- Department for Comparative Physiology and Ecophysiology, Institute for Physiology and Biochemistry 'Ivan Djaja', Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Manja Zec
- Centre of Excellence for Nutrition and Metabolism Research, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Takic
- Centre of Excellence for Nutrition and Metabolism Research, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mojca Stojiljkovic
- Department for Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tanja Jevdjovic
- Department for Comparative Physiology and Ecophysiology, Institute for Physiology and Biochemistry 'Ivan Djaja', Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Gao Y, Qin H, Wu D, Liu C, Fang L, Wang J, Liu X, Min W. Walnut peptide WEKPPVSH in alleviating oxidative stress and inflammation in lipopolysaccharide-activated BV-2 microglia via the Nrf2/HO-1 and NF-κB/p38 MAPK pathways. J Biosci Bioeng 2021; 132:496-504. [PMID: 34509368 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2021.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The peptide WEKPPVSH from walnut protein hydrolyzate was used to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory protective effect on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated BV-2 microglia and its possible mechanism. The results indicated that WEKPPVSH significantly decreased nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in a dose-dependent manner, and significantly up-regulated superoxide dismutase and catalase activities (P < 0.01). Results of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) showed that WEKPPVSH significantly mitigated the secretion of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) (P < 0.01). Immunofluorescence analysis exhibited that WEKPPVSH down-regulated p65 translocation to the cell nucleus. Western blotting showed that WEKPPVSH up-regulated the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and down-regulated the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), p-IκB/IκB, p-p65/p65 and p-p38/p38. In summary, WEKPPVSH might protect against oxidative stress and inflammation in LPS-stimulated BV-2 microglia by enhancing the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway and blocking the nuclear factor-κB/p38 mitogen - activated protein kinase (NF-κB/p38 MAPK) signaling pathway. The results provided an experimental basis for the research and development of walnut peptide products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawen Gao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, PR China
| | - Hanxiong Qin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, PR China
| | - Dan Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, PR China
| | - Chunlei Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, PR China
| | - Li Fang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, PR China
| | - Ji Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, PR China
| | - Xiaoting Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, PR China
| | - Weihong Min
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, PR China.
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Cebin AV, Ralet MC, Vigouroux J, Karača S, Martinić A, Komes D, Bonnin E. Valorisation of walnut shell and pea pod as novel sources for the production of xylooligosaccharides. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 263:117932. [PMID: 33858566 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
According to the high interest in agro-industrial waste reutilisation, underutilised lignocellulosic materials, such as walnut shell (WS) and pea pod (PP), come in focus. The aim of this paper was to evaluate WS and PP as sources for the production of xylooligosaccharides (XOS). Hemicelluloses from WS and PP were recovered by combining varying parameters of delignification and alkaline extraction. At optimal recovery conditions, the fractions were further hydrolysed to XOS using GH11 endo-xylanase, by varying time and enzyme concentration. Xylose was predominant in the monomeric composition of the obtained hemicelluloses, building low-branched (arabino)glucuronoxylan, in WS exclusively, while in PP some xyloglucan as well. Delignification was essential for high recovery of total xylose from the materials, up to at least 70 %. High xylan conversions were obtained for 24 h hydrolysis, resulting in xylobiose and xylotriose when using low enzyme concentration, while in xylose and xylobiose with high enzyme concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Vojvodić Cebin
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology University of Zagreb, Department of Food Engineering, Pierottijeva 6, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | | | | | - Sara Karača
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology University of Zagreb, Department of Food Engineering, Pierottijeva 6, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Arijana Martinić
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology University of Zagreb, Department of Food Engineering, Pierottijeva 6, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Draženka Komes
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology University of Zagreb, Department of Food Engineering, Pierottijeva 6, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Estelle Bonnin
- INRAE, UR BIA Biopolymers - Interactions - Assemblies, F-44316, Nantes, France.
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Yaskolka Meir A, Tuohy K, von Bergen M, Krajmalnik-Brown R, Heinig U, Zelicha H, Tsaban G, Rinott E, Kaplan A, Aharoni A, Zeibich L, Chang D, Dirks B, Diotallevi C, Arapitsas P, Vrhovsek U, Ceglarek U, Haange SB, Rolle-Kampczyk U, Engelmann B, Lapidot M, Colt M, Sun Q, Shai I. The Metabolomic-Gut-Clinical Axis of Mankai Plant-Derived Dietary Polyphenols. Nutrients 2021; 13:1866. [PMID: 34070816 PMCID: PMC8229908 DOI: 10.3390/nu13061866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polyphenols are secondary metabolites produced by plants to defend themselves from environmental stressors. We explored the effect of Wolffia globosa 'Mankai', a novel cultivated strain of a polyphenol-rich aquatic plant, on the metabolomic-gut clinical axis in vitro, in-vivo and in a clinical trial. METHODS We used mass-spectrometry-based metabolomics methods from three laboratories to detect Mankai phenolic metabolites and examined predicted functional pathways in a Mankai artificial-gut bioreactor. Plasma and urine polyphenols were assessed among the 294 DIRECT-PLUS 18-month trial participants, comparing the effect of a polyphenol-rich green-Mediterranean diet (+1240 mg/polyphenols/day, provided by Mankai, green tea and walnuts) to a walnuts-enriched (+440 mg/polyphenols/day) Mediterranean diet and a healthy controlled diet. RESULTS Approximately 200 different phenolic compounds were specifically detected in the Mankai plant. The Mankai-supplemented bioreactor artificial gut displayed a significantly higher relative-abundance of 16S-rRNA bacterial gene sequences encoding for enzymes involved in phenolic compound degradation. In humans, several Mankai-related plasma and urine polyphenols were differentially elevated in the green Mediterranean group compared with the other groups (p < 0.05) after six and 18 months of intervention (e.g., urine hydroxy-phenyl-acetic-acid and urolithin-A; plasma Naringenin and 2,5-diOH-benzoic-acid). Specific polyphenols, such as urolithin-A and 4-ethylphenol, were directly involved with clinical weight-related changes. CONCLUSIONS The Mankai new plant is rich in various unique potent polyphenols, potentially affecting the metabolomic-gut-clinical axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anat Yaskolka Meir
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel; (A.Y.M.); (H.Z.); (G.T.); (E.R.); (A.K.)
| | - Kieran Tuohy
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Research and Innovation Centre, Via E. Mach, 1, San Michele all’Adige, 38098 Trento, Italy; (K.T.); (C.D.); (P.A.); (U.V.)
| | - Martin von Bergen
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; (M.v.B.); (S.-B.H.); (U.R.-K.); (B.E.)
| | - Rosa Krajmalnik-Brown
- Biodesign Center for Health through Microbiomes, School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA;
| | - Uwe Heinig
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; (U.H.); (A.A.)
| | - Hila Zelicha
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel; (A.Y.M.); (H.Z.); (G.T.); (E.R.); (A.K.)
| | - Gal Tsaban
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel; (A.Y.M.); (H.Z.); (G.T.); (E.R.); (A.K.)
| | - Ehud Rinott
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel; (A.Y.M.); (H.Z.); (G.T.); (E.R.); (A.K.)
| | - Alon Kaplan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel; (A.Y.M.); (H.Z.); (G.T.); (E.R.); (A.K.)
| | - Asaph Aharoni
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; (U.H.); (A.A.)
| | - Lydia Zeibich
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA; (L.Z.); (D.C.); (B.D.)
| | - Debbie Chang
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA; (L.Z.); (D.C.); (B.D.)
| | - Blake Dirks
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA; (L.Z.); (D.C.); (B.D.)
| | - Camilla Diotallevi
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Research and Innovation Centre, Via E. Mach, 1, San Michele all’Adige, 38098 Trento, Italy; (K.T.); (C.D.); (P.A.); (U.V.)
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitätsplatz 5-Piazza Università, 39100 Bozen-Bolzano, Italy
| | - Panagiotis Arapitsas
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Research and Innovation Centre, Via E. Mach, 1, San Michele all’Adige, 38098 Trento, Italy; (K.T.); (C.D.); (P.A.); (U.V.)
| | - Urska Vrhovsek
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Research and Innovation Centre, Via E. Mach, 1, San Michele all’Adige, 38098 Trento, Italy; (K.T.); (C.D.); (P.A.); (U.V.)
| | - Uta Ceglarek
- Institute for Laboratory Medicine, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Sven-Bastiaan Haange
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; (M.v.B.); (S.-B.H.); (U.R.-K.); (B.E.)
| | - Ulrike Rolle-Kampczyk
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; (M.v.B.); (S.-B.H.); (U.R.-K.); (B.E.)
| | - Beatrice Engelmann
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; (M.v.B.); (S.-B.H.); (U.R.-K.); (B.E.)
| | - Miri Lapidot
- Research and Development Department, Hinoman Ltd., Rishon Lezion 7546302, Israel; (M.L.); (M.C.)
| | - Monica Colt
- Research and Development Department, Hinoman Ltd., Rishon Lezion 7546302, Israel; (M.L.); (M.C.)
| | - Qi Sun
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Iris Shai
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel; (A.Y.M.); (H.Z.); (G.T.); (E.R.); (A.K.)
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
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Huang R, Zhou Y, Zhang J, Ji F, Jin F, Fan W, Pei D. Transcriptome Analysis of Walnut ( Juglans regia L.) Embryos Reveals Key Developmental Stages and Genes Involved in Lipid Biosynthesis and Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Metabolism. J Agric Food Chem 2021; 69:377-396. [PMID: 33373225 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c05598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Walnut (Juglans regia L.) is a widely cultivated woody oilseed tree species, and its embryo is rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids. Thus far, the pathways and essential genes involved in oil biosynthesis in developing walnut embryos remain largely unclear. Our analyses revealed that a mature walnut embryo accumulated 69% oil, in which 71% were polyunsaturated fatty acids with 64% linoleic acid and 7% linolenic acid. RNA sequencing generated 39 384 unigenes in 24 cDNA libraries prepared from walnut embryos collected at 49, 63, 77, 91, 105, 119, 133, and 147 days after pollination (DAP). The principal components analysis (PCA) of samples and cluster analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) showed that the total samples were divided into three main groups: 49 DAP, 63-119 DAP, and 133-147 DAP. We identified 108 unigenes associated with lipid biosynthesis, including 60 unigenes for fatty acid biosynthesis, 33 for triacylglycerol biosynthesis, 7 for oil bodies, and 8 for transcription factors. The expression levels of the genes encoding WRI1, ACCase, ACP, KASII, SAD, FAD2, FAD3, and PDAT were upregulated at 63-119 DAP relative to the levels at 49 DAP. Additionally, the lipid biosynthesis in walnut embryos began to increase while oil contents increased from 15 to 69%. We identified eight SAD, three FAD2, one FAD3, one FAD5, one FAD6, and three FAD7/8 genes. In addition, SAD, FAD2, and FAD3 were highly abundantly expressed in the walnut embryo, and their FPKM values achieved were 834, 2205, and 9038, respectively. High expression levels of FAD2 and FAD3 may be the reason why walnuts are rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids. Subcellular localization confirmed that the JrFAD3 protein played a role in the endoplasmic reticulum rather than the plastid, suggesting that linolenic acid was mainly synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum. Weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) showed that ACP, ENO, VAMP727, and IDD14 were coexpressed with WRI1. Our study provides large-scale and comprehensive transcriptome data of walnut embryo development. These data lay the foundation for the metabolic engineering of walnuts to increase oil contents and modify fatty acid compositions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruimin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Ye Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Junpei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Feiyang Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Feng Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Wei Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Dong Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
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Zhao S, Wang H, Liu K, Li L, Yang J, An X, Li P, Yun L, Zhang Z. The role of JrPPOs in the browning of walnut explants. BMC Plant Biol 2021; 21:9. [PMID: 33407138 PMCID: PMC7789580 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02768-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tissue culture is an effective method for the rapid breeding of seedlings and improving production efficiency, but explant browning is a key limiting factor of walnut tissue culture. Specifically, the polymerization of PPO-derived quinones that cause explant browning of walnut is not well understood. This study investigated explants of 'Zanmei' walnut shoot apices cultured in agar (A) or vermiculite (V) media, and the survival percentage, changes in phenolic content, POD and PPO activity, and JrPPO expression in explants were studied to determine the role of PPO in the browning of walnut explants. RESULTS The results showed that the V media greatly reduced the death rate of explants, and 89.9 and 38.7% of the explants cultured in V media and A media survived, respectively. Compared with that of explants at 0 h, the PPO of explants cultured in A was highly active throughout the culture, but activity in those cultured in V remained low. The phenolic level of explants cultured in A increased significantly at 72 h but subsequently declined, and the content in the explants cultured in V increased to a high level only at 144 h. The POD in explants cultured in V showed high activity that did not cause browning. Gene expression assays showed that the expression of JrPPO1 was downregulated in explants cultured in both A and V. However, the expression of JrPPO2 was upregulated in explants cultured in A throughout the culture and upregulated in V at 144 h. JrPPO expression analyses in different tissues showed that JrPPO1 was highly expressed in stems, young leaves, mature leaves, catkins, pistils, and hulls, and JrPPO2 was highly expressed in mature leaves and pistils. Moreover, browning assays showed that both explants in A and leaf tissue exhibited high JrPPO2 activity. CONCLUSION The rapid increase in phenolic content caused the browning and death of explants. V media delayed the rapid accumulation of phenolic compounds in walnut explants in the short term, which significantly decreased explants mortality. The results suggest that JrPPO2 plays a key role in the oxidation of phenols in explants after branch injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shugang Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China.
| | - Hongxia Wang
- Mountainous Areas Research Institute of Hebei, Baoding, 071001, China
- National Engineering Reseach Center for Agriculture in North Mountainours areas, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Kai Liu
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Linqing Li
- Mountainous Areas Research Institute of Hebei, Baoding, 071001, China
- National Engineering Reseach Center for Agriculture in North Mountainours areas, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Jinbing Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Xiuhong An
- Mountainous Areas Research Institute of Hebei, Baoding, 071001, China
- National Engineering Reseach Center for Agriculture in North Mountainours areas, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Pingping Li
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Linying Yun
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Zhihua Zhang
- Mountainous Areas Research Institute of Hebei, Baoding, 071001, China.
- National Engineering Reseach Center for Agriculture in North Mountainours areas, Baoding, 071001, China.
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Cortés-Martín A, García-Villalba R, García-Mantrana I, Rodríguez-Varela A, Romo-Vaquero M, Collado MC, Tomás-Barberán FA, Espín JC, Selma MV. Urolithins in Human Breast Milk after Walnut Intake and Kinetics of Gordonibacter Colonization in Newly Born: The Role of Mothers' Urolithin Metabotypes. J Agric Food Chem 2020; 68:12606-12616. [PMID: 33135412 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c04821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The maternal-infant transmission of several urolithins through breast milk and the gut colonization of infants by the urolithin-producing bacterium Gordonibacter during their first year of life were explored. Two trials (proof-of-concept study: n = 11; validation study: n = 30) were conducted, where breastfeeding mothers consumed walnuts as a dietary source of urolithin precursors. An analytical method was developed and validated to characterize the urolithin profile in breast milk. Total urolithins ranged from 8.5 to 176.9 nM, while they were not detected in breast milk of three mothers. The mothers' urolithin metabotypes governed the urolithin profile in breast milk, which might have biological significance on infants. A specific quantitative polymerase chain reaction method allowed monitoring the gut colonization of infants by Gordonibacter during their first year of life, and neither breastfeeding nor vaginal delivery was essential for this. The pattern of Gordonibacter establishment in babies was conditioned by their mother's urolithin metabotype, probably because of mother-baby close contact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Cortés-Martín
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia 30100, Spain
| | - Rocío García-Villalba
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia 30100, Spain
| | - Izaskun García-Mantrana
- Group of Lactic Bacteria and Probiotics, Department of Biotechnology, IATA-CSIC, Valencia 46980, Spain
| | | | - María Romo-Vaquero
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia 30100, Spain
| | - María Carmen Collado
- Group of Lactic Bacteria and Probiotics, Department of Biotechnology, IATA-CSIC, Valencia 46980, Spain
| | - Francisco A Tomás-Barberán
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia 30100, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Espín
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia 30100, Spain
| | - María Victoria Selma
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia 30100, Spain
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H. D. Sagawa C, de A. B. Assis R, Zaini PA, Wilmarth PA, Phinney BS, Moreira LM, Dandekar AM. Proteome Analysis of Walnut Bacterial Blight Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7453. [PMID: 33050347 PMCID: PMC7593943 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction between the plant host, walnut (Juglans regia; Jr), and a deadly pathogen (Xanthomonas arboricola pv. juglandis 417; Xaj) can lead to walnut bacterial blight (WB), which depletes walnut productivity by degrading the nut quality. Here, we dissect this pathosystem using tandem mass tag quantitative proteomics. Walnut hull tissues inoculated with Xaj were compared to mock-inoculated tissues, and 3972 proteins were identified, of which 3296 are from Jr and 676 from Xaj. Proteins with differential abundance include oxidoreductases, proteases, and enzymes involved in energy metabolism and amino acid interconversion pathways. Defense responses and plant hormone biosynthesis were also increased. Xaj proteins detected in infected tissues demonstrate its ability to adapt to the host microenvironment, limiting iron availability, coping with copper toxicity, and maintaining energy and intermediary metabolism. Secreted proteases and extracellular secretion apparatus such as type IV pilus for twitching motility and type III secretion effectors indicate putative factors recognized by the host. Taken together, these results suggest intense degradation processes, oxidative stress, and general arrest of the biosynthetic metabolism in infected nuts. Our results provide insights into molecular mechanisms and highlight potential molecular tools for early detection and disease control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cíntia H. D. Sagawa
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (C.H.D.S.); (R.d.A.B.A.); (P.A.Z.)
| | - Renata de A. B. Assis
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (C.H.D.S.); (R.d.A.B.A.); (P.A.Z.)
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto 35400-000, Brazil;
| | - Paulo A. Zaini
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (C.H.D.S.); (R.d.A.B.A.); (P.A.Z.)
| | - Phillip A. Wilmarth
- Proteomics Shared Resource, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA;
| | - Brett S. Phinney
- Proteomics Core Facility, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
| | - Leandro M. Moreira
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto 35400-000, Brazil;
| | - Abhaya M. Dandekar
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (C.H.D.S.); (R.d.A.B.A.); (P.A.Z.)
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31
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Zhang Y, Liu J, Niu S, Kong M, Zhang J, Lu Y, Yao Y. Animal wastes as fertilizers enhance growth of young walnut trees under soil drought conditions. J Sci Food Agric 2020; 100:3445-3455. [PMID: 32167162 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Using nutrient-rich animal wastes as organic fertilizers in agricultural practices is a sustainable method for soil amendment and avoiding environmental pollution. In order to evaluate their practical effect, we applied different proportions of animal waste as fertilizers to wet or dry soils that were either planted or not planted with young walnut trees. RESULTS The results showed that animal waste could increase soil C accumulation and carbon to nitrogen (C/N) ratio and reduce soil organic nitrogen and total nitrogen contents as well as the nitrogen to phosphorus (N/P) ratio in the planted group soil. This framework of soil C and N composition (a high C/N ratio) resulted in high N and Mg contents as well as high Cu and Zn contents in the leaves of the young trees as well as a high dry matter weight/leaf N ratio, causing increased leaf photosynthesis, reduced transpiration and relatively high water use efficiency under soil drought conditions. Also, animal wastes as fertilizers caused the branching of walnut to switch from elongation growth to thickening growth under soil drought conditions. CONCLUSIONS Principal component analysis and redundancy analysis demonstrated the mechanism by which the soil C/N ratio mediates the flux of available nutrients from the soil to the plant and thereby regulates plant dry matter accumulation and branching architecture under soil drought conditions. The results of this study provide new insights into the improvement of hilly soils using animal waste. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- Beijing Bei Nong Enterprise Management Co. Ltd, Beijing, China
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Shuqing Niu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Miao Kong
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Yanfen Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Yuncong Yao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
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32
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Marrano A, Britton M, Zaini PA, Zimin AV, Workman RE, Puiu D, Bianco L, Pierro EAD, Allen BJ, Chakraborty S, Troggio M, Leslie CA, Timp W, Dandekar A, Salzberg SL, Neale DB. High-quality chromosome-scale assembly of the walnut (Juglans regia L.) reference genome. Gigascience 2020; 9:giaa050. [PMID: 32432329 PMCID: PMC7238675 DOI: 10.1093/gigascience/giaa050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The release of the first reference genome of walnut (Juglans regia L.) enabled many achievements in the characterization of walnut genetic and functional variation. However, it is highly fragmented, preventing the integration of genetic, transcriptomic, and proteomic information to fully elucidate walnut biological processes. FINDINGS Here, we report the new chromosome-scale assembly of the walnut reference genome (Chandler v2.0) obtained by combining Oxford Nanopore long-read sequencing with chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C) technology. Relative to the previous reference genome, the new assembly features an 84.4-fold increase in N50 size, with the 16 chromosomal pseudomolecules assembled and representing 95% of its total length. Using full-length transcripts from single-molecule real-time sequencing, we predicted 37,554 gene models, with a mean gene length higher than the previous gene annotations. Most of the new protein-coding genes (90%) present both start and stop codons, which represents a significant improvement compared with Chandler v1.0 (only 48%). We then tested the potential impact of the new chromosome-level genome on different areas of walnut research. By studying the proteome changes occurring during male flower development, we observed that the virtual proteome obtained from Chandler v2.0 presents fewer artifacts than the previous reference genome, enabling the identification of a new potential pollen allergen in walnut. Also, the new chromosome-scale genome facilitates in-depth studies of intraspecies genetic diversity by revealing previously undetected autozygous regions in Chandler, likely resulting from inbreeding, and 195 genomic regions highly differentiated between Western and Eastern walnut cultivars. CONCLUSION Overall, Chandler v2.0 will serve as a valuable resource to better understand and explore walnut biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annarita Marrano
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Monica Britton
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Genome Center, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Paulo A Zaini
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Aleksey V Zimin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Center for Computational Biology, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3100 Wyman Park Dr., Baltimore, MD 21211, USA
| | - Rachael E Workman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Daniela Puiu
- Center for Computational Biology, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3100 Wyman Park Dr., Baltimore, MD 21211, USA
| | - Luca Bianco
- Research and Innovation Center, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach, 1 38010 S. Michele all'Adige (TN) 38010, Italy
| | - Erica Adele Di Pierro
- Research and Innovation Center, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach, 1 38010 S. Michele all'Adige (TN) 38010, Italy
| | - Brian J Allen
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Sandeep Chakraborty
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Michela Troggio
- Research and Innovation Center, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach, 1 38010 S. Michele all'Adige (TN) 38010, Italy
| | - Charles A Leslie
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Winston Timp
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Center for Computational Biology, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3100 Wyman Park Dr., Baltimore, MD 21211, USA
| | - Abhaya Dandekar
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Steven L Salzberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Center for Computational Biology, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3100 Wyman Park Dr., Baltimore, MD 21211, USA
- Departments of Computer Science and Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - David B Neale
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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33
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Marrano A, Britton M, Zaini PA, Zimin AV, Workman RE, Puiu D, Bianco L, Pierro EAD, Allen BJ, Chakraborty S, Troggio M, Leslie CA, Timp W, Dandekar A, Salzberg SL, Neale DB. High-quality chromosome-scale assembly of the walnut (Juglans regia L.) reference genome. Gigascience 2020. [PMID: 32432329 DOI: 10.1101/80979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The release of the first reference genome of walnut (Juglans regia L.) enabled many achievements in the characterization of walnut genetic and functional variation. However, it is highly fragmented, preventing the integration of genetic, transcriptomic, and proteomic information to fully elucidate walnut biological processes. FINDINGS Here, we report the new chromosome-scale assembly of the walnut reference genome (Chandler v2.0) obtained by combining Oxford Nanopore long-read sequencing with chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C) technology. Relative to the previous reference genome, the new assembly features an 84.4-fold increase in N50 size, with the 16 chromosomal pseudomolecules assembled and representing 95% of its total length. Using full-length transcripts from single-molecule real-time sequencing, we predicted 37,554 gene models, with a mean gene length higher than the previous gene annotations. Most of the new protein-coding genes (90%) present both start and stop codons, which represents a significant improvement compared with Chandler v1.0 (only 48%). We then tested the potential impact of the new chromosome-level genome on different areas of walnut research. By studying the proteome changes occurring during male flower development, we observed that the virtual proteome obtained from Chandler v2.0 presents fewer artifacts than the previous reference genome, enabling the identification of a new potential pollen allergen in walnut. Also, the new chromosome-scale genome facilitates in-depth studies of intraspecies genetic diversity by revealing previously undetected autozygous regions in Chandler, likely resulting from inbreeding, and 195 genomic regions highly differentiated between Western and Eastern walnut cultivars. CONCLUSION Overall, Chandler v2.0 will serve as a valuable resource to better understand and explore walnut biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annarita Marrano
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Monica Britton
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Genome Center, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Paulo A Zaini
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Aleksey V Zimin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Center for Computational Biology, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3100 Wyman Park Dr., Baltimore, MD 21211, USA
| | - Rachael E Workman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Daniela Puiu
- Center for Computational Biology, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3100 Wyman Park Dr., Baltimore, MD 21211, USA
| | - Luca Bianco
- Research and Innovation Center, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach, 1 38010 S. Michele all'Adige (TN) 38010, Italy
| | - Erica Adele Di Pierro
- Research and Innovation Center, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach, 1 38010 S. Michele all'Adige (TN) 38010, Italy
| | - Brian J Allen
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Sandeep Chakraborty
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Michela Troggio
- Research and Innovation Center, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach, 1 38010 S. Michele all'Adige (TN) 38010, Italy
| | - Charles A Leslie
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Winston Timp
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Center for Computational Biology, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3100 Wyman Park Dr., Baltimore, MD 21211, USA
| | - Abhaya Dandekar
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Steven L Salzberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Center for Computational Biology, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3100 Wyman Park Dr., Baltimore, MD 21211, USA
- Departments of Computer Science and Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - David B Neale
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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34
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Hassankhah A, Rahemi M, Ramshini H, Sarikhani S, Vahdati K. Flowering in Persian walnut: patterns of gene expression during flower development. BMC Plant Biol 2020; 20:136. [PMID: 32245410 PMCID: PMC7118962 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02372-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flower development and sufficient fruit set are important parameters with respect to walnut yield. Knowledge about flowering genes of fruit trees can help to conduct better molecular breeding programs. Therefore, this study was carried out to investigate the expression pattern of some flowering genes (FT, SOC1, CAL, LFY and TFL1) in Persian walnut (cv. Chandler) during the growing season and winter dormancy. RESULTS The results showed that walnut flower induction and initiation in Shahmirzad, Iran occurred in early June and late September, respectively. After meeting chilling and heat requirement, flower differentiation and anthesis occurred in late-March and mid-April to early-May, respectively. Study of flowering gene expression showed that the expression of the FT gene increased in three stages including before breaking of bud dormancy, from late March to late April (coincided with flower differentiation and anthesis) and from late May to mid-June (coincided with flower induction). Like FT, the expression of SOC1 gene increased during flower induction and initiation (mid-May to early-August) as well as flower anthesis (mid-April to early-May). LFY and CAL genes as floral meristem identity genes are activated by FT and SOC1 genes. In contrast with flowering stimulus genes, TFL1 showed overexpression during winter dormancy which prevented flowering. CONCLUSION The expression of FT gene activated downstream floral meristem identity genes including SOC1, CAL and LFY which consequently led to release bud dormancy as well as flower anthesis and induction. Also, TFL1 as a flowering inhibitor gene in walnut showed overexpression during the bud dormancy. Chilling accumulation reduced TFL1 gene expression and increased the expression of flowering genes which ultimately led to overcome dormancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Hassankhah
- Department of Horticulture, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Rahemi
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hossein Ramshini
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding Sciences, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saadat Sarikhani
- Department of Horticulture, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kourosh Vahdati
- Department of Horticulture, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Arab MM, Marrano A, Abdollahi-Arpanahi R, Leslie CA, Cheng H, Neale DB, Vahdati K. Combining phenotype, genotype, and environment to uncover genetic components underlying water use efficiency in Persian walnut. J Exp Bot 2020; 71:1107-1127. [PMID: 31639822 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Walnut production is challenged by climate change and abiotic stresses. Elucidating the genomic basis of adaptation to climate is essential to breeding drought-tolerant cultivars for enhanced productivity in arid and semi-arid regions. Here, we aimed to identify loci potentially involved in water use efficiency (WUE) and adaptation to drought in Persian walnut using a diverse panel of 95 walnut families (950 seedlings) from Iran, which show contrasting levels of water availability in their native habitats. We analyzed associations between phenotypic, genotypic, and environmental variables from data sets of 609 000 high-quality single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), three categories of phenotypic traits [WUE-related traits under drought, their drought stress index, and principal components (PCs)], and 21 climate variables and their combination (first three PCs). Our genotype-phenotype analysis identified 22 significant and 266 suggestive associations, some of which were for multiple traits, suggesting their correlation and a possible common genetic control. Also, genotype-environment association analysis found 115 significant and 265 suggestive SNP loci that displayed potential signals of local adaptation. Several sets of stress-responsive genes were found in the genomic regions significantly associated with the aforementioned traits. Most of the candidate genes identified are involved in abscisic acid signaling, stomatal regulation, transduction of environmental signals, antioxidant defense system, osmotic adjustment, and leaf growth and development. Upon validation, the marker-trait associations identified for drought tolerance-related traits would allow the selection and development of new walnut rootstocks or scion cultivars with superior WUE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad M Arab
- Department of Horticulture, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Annarita Marrano
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | | | - Charles A Leslie
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Hao Cheng
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - David B Neale
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Kourosh Vahdati
- Department of Horticulture, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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García-Mantrana I, Calatayud M, Romo-Vaquero M, Espín JC, Selma MV, Collado MC. Urolithin Metabotypes Can Determine the Modulation of Gut Microbiota in Healthy Individuals by Tracking Walnuts Consumption over Three Days. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11102483. [PMID: 31623169 PMCID: PMC6835957 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Walnuts are rich in polyphenols ellagitannins, modulate gut microbiota (GM), and exert health benefits after long-term consumption. The metabolism of ellagitannins to urolithins via GM depends on urolithin metabotypes (UM-A, -B, or -0), which have been reported to predict host responsiveness to a polyphenol-rich intervention. This study aims to assess whether UMs were associated with differential GM modulation after short-term walnut consumption. In this study, 27 healthy individuals consumed 33 g of peeled raw walnuts over three days. GM profiling was determined using 16S rRNA illumina sequencing and specific real-time quantitative polymerase chain reactions (qPCRs), as well as microbial activity using short-chain fatty acids analysis in stool samples. UMs stratification of volunteers was assessed using ultra performance liquid chromatography–electro spray ionization–quadrupole time of flight–mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS) analysis of urolithins in urine samples. The gut microbiota associated with UM-B was more sensitive to the walnut intervention. Blautia, Bifidobacterium, and members of the Coriobacteriaceae family, including Gordonibacter, increased exclusively in UM-B subjects, while some members of the Lachnospiraceae family decreased in UM-A individuals. Coprococcus and Collinsella increased in both UMs and higher acetate and propionate production resulted after walnuts intake. Our results show that walnuts consumption after only three days modulates GM in a urolithin metabotype-depending manner and increases the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Izaskun García-Mantrana
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, IATA-CSIC, 46980 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Marta Calatayud
- Department of Biotechnology, Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, 9000 Gent, Belgium.
| | - María Romo-Vaquero
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Juan Carlos Espín
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
| | - María V Selma
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
| | - María Carmen Collado
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, IATA-CSIC, 46980 Valencia, Spain.
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Luo X, Liu J. Transcriptome Analysis of Acid-Responsive Genes and Pathways Involved in Polyamine Regulation in Iron Walnut. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:E605. [PMID: 31405132 PMCID: PMC6723594 DOI: 10.3390/genes10080605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We reported changes in the co-regulated mRNA expression in iron walnut (Juglans sigillata) in response to soil pH treatments and identified mRNAs specific to acidic soil conditions. Phenotypic and physiological analyses revealed that iron walnut growth was greater for the pH 4-5 and pH 5-6 treatments than for the pH 3-4 and pH 6-7 treatments. A total of 2768 differentially expressed genes were detected and categorized into 12 clusters by Short Time-series Expression Miner (STEM). The 994 low-expression genes in cluster III and 255 high-expression genes in cluster X were classified as acid-responsive genes on the basis of the relationships between phenotype, physiology, and STEM clustering, and the two gene clusters were analyzed by a maximum likelihood (ML) evolutionary tree with the greatest log likelihood values. No prominent sub-clusters occurred in cluster III, but three occurred in cluster X. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis indicated that acid-responsive genes were related primarily to arginine biosynthesis and the arginine/proline metabolism pathway, implying that polyamine accumulation may enhance iron walnut acid stress tolerance. Overall, our results revealed 1249 potentially acid-responsive genes in iron walnut, indicating that its response to acid stress involves different pathways and activated genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Luo
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211 in Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Juncheng Liu
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211 in Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, China
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Yang G, Chen S, Li D, Gao X, Su L, Peng S, Zhai M. Multiple transcriptional regulation of walnut JrGSTTau1 gene in response to osmotic stress. Physiol Plant 2019; 166:748-761. [PMID: 30187482 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are important plant proteins involved in biotic and abiotic stress responses. A gene from Juglans regia, JrGSTTau1 was previously cloned and functionally characterized as an enzyme involved in improving cold tolerance in plants. To clarify the functional mechanism of JrGSTTau1 and its role in stress response, here, the JrGSTTau1 promoter including the up-stream regulators was examined using yeast one-hybrid together with transient expression assays, and the osmotic stress response ability was confirmed by comparing with wild-type plants. The 1500 bp JrGSTTau1 promoter displayed high GUS expression activity and was enhanced by mannitol stress. The promoter is composed of abundant cis-elements, some of which were osmotic stress response-related motifs, such as ABRE, DRE and MYB, indicating that the expression of JrGSTTau1 is regulated by potential up-stream regulators under abiotic stress. The transcription factors (TFs) of JrDREB2A, JrMYC2, JrMYB44, JrDof1 and JrWRKY7 were identified, which shared a similar response with JrGSTTau1 when exposed to PEG6000 in walnut leaf and root. These results implied that JrDREB2A, JrMYC2, JrMYB44, JrDof1 and JrWRKY7 may act as up-stream regulators of JrGSTTau1 to regulate or combine functionality with JrGSTTau1 in osmotic stress response. Furthermore, compared with the WT plants, the transgenic tobacco plants that overexpress JrGSTTau1 showed improved tolerance to drought induced by osmotic stress, in which antioxidant enzymes, proline and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved. Our results demonstrated the positive role played by JrGSTTau1 in osmotic tolerance, which is regulated by multiple up-stream regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiyan Yang
- Laboratory of Walnut Research Center, College of Forestry, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Resources Development and Utilization in Shaanxi Province, College of Forestry, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shuwen Chen
- Laboratory of Walnut Research Center, College of Forestry, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Resources Development and Utilization in Shaanxi Province, College of Forestry, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dapei Li
- Laboratory of Walnut Research Center, College of Forestry, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiangqian Gao
- Laboratory of Walnut Research Center, College of Forestry, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Liyuan Su
- Laboratory of Walnut Research Center, College of Forestry, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shaobing Peng
- Laboratory of Walnut Research Center, College of Forestry, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - MeiZhi Zhai
- Laboratory of Walnut Research Center, College of Forestry, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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Jahanban-Esfahlan A, Ostadrahimi A, Tabibiazar M, Amarowicz R. A Comparative Review on the Extraction, Antioxidant Content and Antioxidant Potential of Different Parts of Walnut ( Juglans regia L.) Fruit and Tree. Molecules 2019; 24:E2133. [PMID: 31195762 PMCID: PMC6600437 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24112133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
As a valuable tree nut, walnut is a well-known member of the Juglandaceae family. The fruit is made up of an outer green shell cover or husk, the middle shell which must be cracked to release the kernel, a thin layer known as skin or the seed coat, and finally, the kernel or meat. The nutritional importance of walnut fruit is ascribed to its kernel. The shell and husk are burned as fuel or discarded away as waste products. In the past two decades, the evaluation of the phenolic content and antioxidant activity of different parts of walnut has received great interest. In this contribution, the recent reports on the extraction and quantification of phenolic content from each part of the walnut tree and fruit using different solvents were highlighted and comparatively reviewed. The current review paper also tries to describe the antioxidant content of phenolic extracts obtained from different parts of the walnut tree and fruit. Additionally, the antioxidant and antiradical activities of the prepared extracts have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Jahanban-Esfahlan
- Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166-15731, Iran.
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166-15731, Iran.
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166-15731, Iran.
| | - Alireza Ostadrahimi
- Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166-15731, Iran.
| | - Mahnaz Tabibiazar
- Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166-15731, Iran.
| | - Ryszard Amarowicz
- Division of Food Sciences, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-468 Olsztyn, Poland.
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Ahmad KS. Exploring the potential of Juglans regia-derived activated carbon for the removal of adsorbed fungicide Ethaboxam from soils. Environ Monit Assess 2018; 190:737. [PMID: 30460487 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-018-7119-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The dearth of adsorption studies on aminothiazole carboxamide-based fungicide Ethaboxam has eventuated to its current investigation of sorption behavior on soil samples utilizing standard batch equilibrium method. Ethaboxam-based sorption studies have never been reported in the selected regions. Linear adsorption coefficient (Kd) ranged from 3.2 to 16.74 μg mL-1. The highest value of Kd was observed for soil rich in organic matter. Low Gibbs free energy values indicated the weak interaction between soil particles and Ethaboxam resulting in physiosorption and an exothermic reaction. Statistical analysis expressed a negative correlation between soil pH and Kd (R2 = - 0.85 and p < 0.05) and positive correlation with organic matter (R2 = 0.94). The data was further analyzed by univariate ANOVA, and accuracy was checked by residual plots for investigating the statistical significance of the results. Cost effective Ethaboxam remediation from soils was performed by Juglans regia (walnut) shells-derived activated carbon on different pesticide concentrations (5 ppm and 7.5 ppm) in soils. Consummate removal percentages were obtained in 5 ppm (99%) and 7.5 ppm concentrations (89%). The use of Juglans regia shells for the removal of Ethaboxam makes this method environmental friendly, economical, and easily applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khuram Shahzad Ahmad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Fatima Jinnah Women University, The Mall, Rawalpindi, 46000, Pakistan.
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Rioux D, Blais M, Nadeau-Thibodeau N, Lagacé M, DesRochers P, Klimaszewska K, Bernier L. First Extensive Microscopic Study of Butternut Defense Mechanisms Following Inoculation with the Canker Pathogen Ophiognomonia clavigignenti-juglandacearum Reveals Compartmentalization of Tissue Damage. Phytopathology 2018; 108:1237-1252. [PMID: 29749798 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-03-18-0076-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ophiognomonia clavigignenti-juglandacearum endangers the survival of butternut (Juglans cinerea) throughout its native range. While screening for disease resistance, we found that artificial inoculations of 48 butternut seedlings with O. clavigignenti-juglandacearum induced the expression of external symptoms, but only after a period of dormancy. Before dormancy, compartmentalized tissues such as necrophylactic periderms (NPs) and xylem reaction zones (RZs) contributed to limiting pathogen invasion. Phenols were regularly detected in RZs, often in continuity with NPs during wound closure, and confocal microscopy revealed their presence in parenchyma cells, vessel plugs and cell walls. Vessels were blocked with tyloses and gels, particularly those present in RZs. Suberin was also detected in cells formed over the affected xylem by the callus at the inoculation point, in a few tylosis walls, and in longitudinal tubes that formed near NPs. Following dormancy, in all inoculated seedlings but one, defensive barriers were breached by O. clavigignenti-juglandacearum and then additional ones were produced in response to this new invasion. The results of this histopathological study indicate that trees inoculated in selection programs to test butternut canker resistance should go through at least one period of dormancy and that asymptomatic individuals should be dissected to better assess how they defend themselves against O. clavigignenti-juglandacearum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny Rioux
- First, second, fourth, fifth, and sixth authors: Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Laurentian Forestry Centre, 1055 du P.E.P.S., P.O. Box 10380, Stn. Sainte-Foy, Québec, QC, G1V 4C7, Canada; third author: Division des parcs et de l'horticulture, Arrondissement Le Plateau-Mont-Royal, Ville de Montréal, 201 Avenue Laurier Est, bureau 670, 6e étage, Montréal, QC, H2T 3E6, Canada; and seventh author: Université Laval, Centre d'étude de la forêt (CEF), Pavillon C-E-Marchand, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Martine Blais
- First, second, fourth, fifth, and sixth authors: Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Laurentian Forestry Centre, 1055 du P.E.P.S., P.O. Box 10380, Stn. Sainte-Foy, Québec, QC, G1V 4C7, Canada; third author: Division des parcs et de l'horticulture, Arrondissement Le Plateau-Mont-Royal, Ville de Montréal, 201 Avenue Laurier Est, bureau 670, 6e étage, Montréal, QC, H2T 3E6, Canada; and seventh author: Université Laval, Centre d'étude de la forêt (CEF), Pavillon C-E-Marchand, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Nicolas Nadeau-Thibodeau
- First, second, fourth, fifth, and sixth authors: Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Laurentian Forestry Centre, 1055 du P.E.P.S., P.O. Box 10380, Stn. Sainte-Foy, Québec, QC, G1V 4C7, Canada; third author: Division des parcs et de l'horticulture, Arrondissement Le Plateau-Mont-Royal, Ville de Montréal, 201 Avenue Laurier Est, bureau 670, 6e étage, Montréal, QC, H2T 3E6, Canada; and seventh author: Université Laval, Centre d'étude de la forêt (CEF), Pavillon C-E-Marchand, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Marie Lagacé
- First, second, fourth, fifth, and sixth authors: Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Laurentian Forestry Centre, 1055 du P.E.P.S., P.O. Box 10380, Stn. Sainte-Foy, Québec, QC, G1V 4C7, Canada; third author: Division des parcs et de l'horticulture, Arrondissement Le Plateau-Mont-Royal, Ville de Montréal, 201 Avenue Laurier Est, bureau 670, 6e étage, Montréal, QC, H2T 3E6, Canada; and seventh author: Université Laval, Centre d'étude de la forêt (CEF), Pavillon C-E-Marchand, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Pierre DesRochers
- First, second, fourth, fifth, and sixth authors: Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Laurentian Forestry Centre, 1055 du P.E.P.S., P.O. Box 10380, Stn. Sainte-Foy, Québec, QC, G1V 4C7, Canada; third author: Division des parcs et de l'horticulture, Arrondissement Le Plateau-Mont-Royal, Ville de Montréal, 201 Avenue Laurier Est, bureau 670, 6e étage, Montréal, QC, H2T 3E6, Canada; and seventh author: Université Laval, Centre d'étude de la forêt (CEF), Pavillon C-E-Marchand, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Krystyna Klimaszewska
- First, second, fourth, fifth, and sixth authors: Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Laurentian Forestry Centre, 1055 du P.E.P.S., P.O. Box 10380, Stn. Sainte-Foy, Québec, QC, G1V 4C7, Canada; third author: Division des parcs et de l'horticulture, Arrondissement Le Plateau-Mont-Royal, Ville de Montréal, 201 Avenue Laurier Est, bureau 670, 6e étage, Montréal, QC, H2T 3E6, Canada; and seventh author: Université Laval, Centre d'étude de la forêt (CEF), Pavillon C-E-Marchand, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Louis Bernier
- First, second, fourth, fifth, and sixth authors: Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Laurentian Forestry Centre, 1055 du P.E.P.S., P.O. Box 10380, Stn. Sainte-Foy, Québec, QC, G1V 4C7, Canada; third author: Division des parcs et de l'horticulture, Arrondissement Le Plateau-Mont-Royal, Ville de Montréal, 201 Avenue Laurier Est, bureau 670, 6e étage, Montréal, QC, H2T 3E6, Canada; and seventh author: Université Laval, Centre d'étude de la forêt (CEF), Pavillon C-E-Marchand, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
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Li Y, Luo X, Wu C, Cao S, Zhou Y, Jie B, Cao Y, Meng H, Wu G. Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Genes Involved in Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in Red and Green Walnut (Juglans regia L.). Molecules 2017; 23:E25. [PMID: 29271948 PMCID: PMC5943948 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Fruit color is an important economic trait. The color of red walnut cultivars is mainly attributed to anthocyanins. The aim of this study was to explore the differences in the molecular mechanism of leaf and peel color change between red and green walnut. A reference transcriptome of walnut was sequenced and annotated to identify genes related to fruit color at the ripening stage. More than 290 million high-quality reads were assembled into 39,411 genes using a combined assembly strategy. Using Illumina digital gene expression profiling, we identified 4568 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between red and green walnut leaf and 3038 DEGs between red and green walnut peel at the ripening stage. We also identified some transcription factor families (MYB, bHLH, and WD40) involved in the control of anthocyanin biosynthesis. The trends in the expression levels of several genes encoding anthocyanin biosynthetic enzymes and transcription factors in the leaf and peel of red and green walnut were verified by quantitative real-time PCR. Together, our results identified the genes involved in anthocyanin accumulation in red walnut. These data provide a valuable resource for understanding the coloration of red walnut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhou Li
- College of Horticultural Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
- Institute of Fruit Science, China Academy of Agricultural Science, Zhengzhou 450009, China.
- Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin, Alar 843300, China.
| | - Xiang Luo
- Institute of Fruit Science, China Academy of Agricultural Science, Zhengzhou 450009, China.
| | - Cuiyun Wu
- Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin, Alar 843300, China.
| | - Shangyin Cao
- Institute of Fruit Science, China Academy of Agricultural Science, Zhengzhou 450009, China.
| | - Yifei Zhou
- College of Horticultural Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
| | - Bo Jie
- College of Horticultural Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
- Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin, Alar 843300, China.
- Henan Key Laboratory of fruit and Cucurbit Biology, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
| | - Yalong Cao
- College of Horticultural Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
- Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin, Alar 843300, China.
- Henan Key Laboratory of fruit and Cucurbit Biology, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
| | - Haijun Meng
- College of Horticultural Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
- Henan Key Laboratory of fruit and Cucurbit Biology, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
| | - Guoliang Wu
- College of Horticultural Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
- Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin, Alar 843300, China.
- Henan Key Laboratory of fruit and Cucurbit Biology, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
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Wang J, Li P, Gong B, Li S, Ma H. Phenol metabolism and preservation of fresh in-hull walnut stored in modified atmosphere packaging. J Sci Food Agric 2017; 97:5335-5342. [PMID: 28493432 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) on phenol metabolism and preservation of fresh in-hull walnuts have been investigated. Fruit was packaged under MAP1 (film thickness, 30 μm), MAP2 (45 μm) and MAP3 (50 μm) and stored at -0.5 to 1.0 °C for up to 60 days. RESULTS Firmness, soluble solid concentration, total phenols, total flavonoids and total antioxidant activity of the green hull were maintained at higher levels under the MAP conditions, whereas decay incidence was lower compared to the control during storage. Green hull of fruit under MAP conditions contained lower polyphenol oxidase activity than the control and the peroxidase activity was at a similar level to the control after 18 days. Phenylalanine ammonialyase activity was enhanced by MAP conditions, with two peaks on days 18 and 36. Until day 60, the peroxide value and acid value of kernel oils under MAP conditions were lower than that of the control. CONCLUSION The MAP3 treatment was most effective for maintaining kernel quality. The protective role of MAP conditions on phenolic contents in green hull may contribute to the mitigation of decay and the maintenance of kernel quality. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- College of Life Science, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Shaanxi province, China
- Department of Bio-resource Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, McGill University, Montreal, Québec province, Canada
| | - Pan Li
- College of Life Science, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Shaanxi province, China
| | - Bi Gong
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Shaanxi province, China
| | - Shuying Li
- College of Life Science, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Shaanxi province, China
| | - Huiling Ma
- College of Life Science, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Shaanxi province, China
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Moscatello S, Proietti S, Augusti A, Scartazza A, Walker RP, Famiani F, Battistelli A. Late summer photosynthesis and storage carbohydrates in walnut (Juglans regia L.): Feed-back and feed-forward effects. Plant Physiol Biochem 2017; 118:618-626. [PMID: 28802240 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2017.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The effect of late summer - autumn limitation of phloem export on growth, photosynthesis and storage carbohydrate accumulation, was evaluated in walnut (Juglans regia L.). This was done by girdling current years shoots, with either all or with only a third of the leaves left in place. Nineteen days after girdling, photosynthesis was greatly reduced and after 46 days, it was about 70% lower in both girdling treatments compared to the control (ungirdled shoots). This reduction is consistent with a feed-back effect of an increased carbohydrate content of the leaves. At the end of the experiment (46 days after girdling), the radial growth of girdled shoots was increased at their base but not at their apical part compared to the control. Girdling increased the accumulation of sucrose in the bark at the base of the shoot and of starch in the bark and in the wood of the shoot apical part. The activity of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase in wood increased in the apical part of girdled shoots. The results suggest that a high availability of carbohydrates elicits a feed-forward action on the shoot sink size and activity (radial growth and storage carbohydrate accumulation). Further, for the first time in tree wood we found an increased total activity of AGP induced by an increased assimilate availability. Moreover, the results indicated that, in late summer - autumn, CO2 uptake by leaves of the deciduous tree walnut is strongly dependent on export of photosynthates from the crown. Therefore, carbon uptake in this period depends largely on the availability of effective storage sinks where newly produced assimilates can be accumulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Moscatello
- Istituto di Biologia Agroambientale e Forestale (IBAF), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Viale G. Marconi 2, 05010, Porano, TR, Italy
| | - Simona Proietti
- Istituto di Biologia Agroambientale e Forestale (IBAF), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Viale G. Marconi 2, 05010, Porano, TR, Italy
| | - Angela Augusti
- Istituto di Biologia Agroambientale e Forestale (IBAF), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Viale G. Marconi 2, 05010, Porano, TR, Italy
| | - Andrea Scartazza
- Istituto di Biologia Agroambientale e Forestale (IBAF), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Viale G. Marconi 2, 05010, Porano, TR, Italy; Istituto di Biologia Agroambientale e Forestale (IBAF), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via Salaria km 29,300, 00016 Monterotondo Scalo, RM, Italy
| | - Robert P Walker
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - Franco Famiani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - Alberto Battistelli
- Istituto di Biologia Agroambientale e Forestale (IBAF), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Viale G. Marconi 2, 05010, Porano, TR, Italy.
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Tixier A, Sperling O, Orozco J, Lampinen B, Amico Roxas A, Saa S, Earles JM, Zwieniecki MA. Spring bud growth depends on sugar delivery by xylem and water recirculation by phloem Münch flow in Juglans regia. Planta 2017; 246:495-508. [PMID: 28488188 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-017-2707-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/29/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
During spring, bud growth relies on long-distance transport of remotely stored carbohydrates. A new hypothesis suggests this transport is achieved by the interplay of xylem and phloem. During the spring, carbohydrate demand of developing buds often exceeds locally available storage, thus requiring the translocation of sugars from distant locations like limbs, stems and roots. Both the phloem and xylem have the capacity for such long-distance transport, but their functional contribution is unclear. To address this ambiguity, the spatial and temporal dynamics of carbohydrate availability in extension shoots of Juglans regia L. were analyzed. A significant loss of extension shoot carbohydrates in remote locations was observed while carbohydrate availability near the buds remained unaffected. This pattern of depletion of carbohydrate reserves supports the notion of long-distance translocation. Girdling and dye perfusion experiments were performed to assess the role of phloem and xylem in the transport of carbohydrate and water towards the buds. Girdling caused a decrease in non-structural carbohydrate concentration above the point of girdling and an unexpected concurrent increase in water content associated with impeded xylem transport. Based on experimental observations and modeling, we propose a novel mechanism for maintenance of spring carbohydrate translocation in trees where xylem transports carbohydrates and this transport is maintained with the recirculation of water by phloem Münch flow. Phloem Münch flow acts as a pump for generating water flux in xylem and allows for transport and mobilization of sugars from distal locations prior to leaves photosynthetic independence and in the absence of transpiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aude Tixier
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
| | - Or Sperling
- Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Gilat Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Jessica Orozco
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Bruce Lampinen
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Adele Amico Roxas
- Department of Agricultural and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Sebastian Saa
- Escuela de Agronomía, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Casilla 4D, Quillota, Chile
| | - J Mason Earles
- School of Forestry and Environmental Sciences, Yale University, 195 Prospect St., New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Maciej A Zwieniecki
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
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Liu X, Walawage SL, Leslie CA, Dandekar AM, Tricoli DM, Hu H, Huang Y, Zhang J, Xv C, Huang J, Zhang Q. In vitro gene expression and mRNA translocation from transformed walnut (Juglans regia) rootstocks expressing DsRED fluorescent protein to wild-type scions. Plant Cell Rep 2017; 36:877-885. [PMID: 28243724 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-017-2116-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
An in vitro grafting method was developed for examining gene translocation from rootstock to scion in walnut. Results showed the DsRED gene itself was not translocated but expressed mRNA was. Grafting is widely used in plants, especially in fruit and nut crops. Selected rootstocks can control scion growth and physiological traits, including shortening of the juvenile phase and controlling tree size. Rootstocks also can provide improved soil adaptation and pathogen resistance. Development of genetically modified (GM) fruit crops has progressed recently, but commercial cultivation is still limited due to the time required for evaluation and issues with deregulation. In this study, we evaluated the stability of DsRED marker gene expression in in vitro walnut shoots and examined translocation of the gene and its mRNA from transformed rootstock to wild-type scion. Results show that DsRED was expressed uniformly in transformed tissue-cultured shoots. When used as in vitro rootstocks, these had good graft affinity with wild-type control scion. PCR and qRT-PCR analysis showed that the DsRED gene was not transported from rootstock to scion, but the transcribed mRNA was translocated. This result provides further evidence of gene signal transport from rootstock to scion in fruit and nut crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Liu
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, 311300, Zhejiang, China
- The Nurturing Station for the State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Sriema L Walawage
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Charles A Leslie
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Abhaya M Dandekar
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - David M Tricoli
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Hengkang Hu
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, 311300, Zhejiang, China
- The Nurturing Station for the State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Youjun Huang
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, 311300, Zhejiang, China
- The Nurturing Station for the State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiaqi Zhang
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, 311300, Zhejiang, China
- The Nurturing Station for the State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chuanmei Xv
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, 311300, Zhejiang, China
- The Nurturing Station for the State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianqin Huang
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, 311300, Zhejiang, China
- The Nurturing Station for the State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qixiang Zhang
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, 311300, Zhejiang, China.
- The Nurturing Station for the State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, 311300, Zhejiang, China.
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Gerivani Z, Vashaee E, Sadeghipour HR, Aghdasi M, Shobbar ZS, Azimmohseni M. Short versus long term effects of cyanide on sugar metabolism and transport in dormant walnut kernels. Plant Sci 2016; 252:193-204. [PMID: 27717454 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2016.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Tree seed dormancy release by cold stratification accompanies with the embryo increased gluconeogenesis competence. Cyanide also breaks seed dormancy however, integrated information about its effects on carbon metabolism is lacking. Accordingly, the impacts of HCN on germination, lipid gluconeogenesis and sugar transport capacity of walnut (Juglans regia L.) kernels were investigated during 10-days period prior to radicle protrusion. HCN increased walnut kernel germination and within four days of kernel incubation, hastened the decline of starch, reducing and non-reducing sugars and led to greater activities of alkaline invertase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. From four days of kernel incubation onwards, starch and non-reducing sugars accumulated only in the HCN treated axes. Cyanide also increased the activities of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and glyoxysomal succinate oxidase and led to greater acid invertase activity during the aforementioned period. The expressions of both sucrose transporter (JrSUT1) and H+-ATPase (JrAHA1) genes especially in cotyledons and H+-ATPase activity in kernels were significantly enhanced by exposure to cyanide. Thus in short-term HCN led to prevalence of carbohydrate catabolic events such as oxidative pentose phosphate pathway and possibly glycolysis in dormant walnut kernels. Long-term effects however, are increased gluconeogenesis and enhanced sugar transport capacity of kernels as a prerequisite for germination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Gerivani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Golestan University, Gorgan, Iran.
| | - Elham Vashaee
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Golestan University, Gorgan, Iran.
| | | | - Mahnaz Aghdasi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Golestan University, Gorgan, Iran.
| | - Zahra-Sadat Shobbar
- Molecular Physiology Department, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, (ABRII), AREEO, 3135933151 Karaj, Iran.
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48
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Yang G, Xu Z, Peng S, Sun Y, Jia C, Zhai M. In planta characterization of a tau class glutathione S-transferase gene from Juglans regia (JrGSTTau1) involved in chilling tolerance. Plant Cell Rep 2016; 35:681-92. [PMID: 26687965 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-015-1912-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE JrGSTTau1 is an important candidate gene for plant chilling tolerance regulation. A tau subfamily glutathione S-transferase (GST) gene from Juglans regia (JrGSTTau1, GeneBank No.: KT351091) was cloned and functionally characterized. JrGSTTau1 was induced by 16, 12, 10, 8, and 6 °C stresses. The transiently transformed J. regia showed much greater GST, glutathione peroxidase (GPX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and peroxidase (POD) activities and lower H2O2, malondialdehyde (MDA), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and electrolyte leakage (EL) rate than prokII (empty vector control) and RNAi::JrGSTTau1 under cold stress, indicating that JrGSTTau1 may be involved in chilling tolerance. To further confirm the role of JrGSTTau1, JrGSTTau1 was heterologously expressed in tobacco, transgenic Line5, Line9, and Line12 were chosen for analysis. The germinations of WT, Line5, Line9, and Line12 were similar, but the fresh weight, primary root length, and total chlorophyll content (tcc) of the transgenic lines were significantly higher than those of WT under cold stress. When cultivated in soil, the GST and SOD activities of transgenic tobacco were significantly higher than those of WT; however, the MDA and H2O2 contents of WT were on average 1.47- and 1.96-fold higher than those of Line5, Line9, and Line12 under 16 °C. The DAB, Evans blue, and PI staining further confirmed these results. Furthermore, the abundances of NtGST, MnSOD, NtMAPK9, and CDPK15 were elevated in 35S::JrGSTTau1 tobacco compared with WT. These results suggested that JrGSTTau1 improves the plant chilling tolerance involved in protecting enzymes, ROS scavenging, and stress-related genes, indicating that JrGSTTau1 is a candidate gene for the potential application in molecular breeding to enhance plant abiotic stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiyan Yang
- Laboratory of Walnut Research Center, College of Forestry, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenggang Xu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, 498 Shaoshan South Road, Changsha, 410004, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaobing Peng
- Laboratory of Walnut Research Center, College of Forestry, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yudong Sun
- Laboratory of Walnut Research Center, College of Forestry, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Caixia Jia
- Laboratory of Walnut Research Center, College of Forestry, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Meizhi Zhai
- Laboratory of Walnut Research Center, College of Forestry, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
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Wang Y, Dong X, Wang H, Wang Z, Gu J. Root tip morphology, anatomy, chemistry and potential hydraulic conductivity vary with soil depth in three temperate hardwood species. Tree Physiol 2016; 36:99-108. [PMID: 26423336 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpv094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Root traits in morphology, chemistry and anatomy are important to root physiological functions, but the differences between shallow and deep roots have rarely been studied in woody plants. Here, we selected three temperate hardwood species, Juglans mandshurica Maxim., Fraxinus mandschurica Rupr. and Phellodendron amurense Rupr., in plantations in northeastern China and measured morphological, anatomical and chemical traits of root tips (i.e., the first-order roots) at surface (0-10 cm) and subsurface (20-30 cm) soil layers. The objectives of this study were to identify how those traits changed with soil depth and to reveal potential functional differences. The results showed that root diameters in deep root tips were greater in J. mandshurica and F. mandschurica, but smaller in P. amurense. However, root stele diameter and the ratio of stele to root diameter in the subsurface layer were consistently greater in all three species, which may enhance their abilities to penetrate into soil. All deep roots exhibited lower tissue nitrogen concentration and respiration rate, which were possibly caused by lower nutrient availability in the subsurface soil layer. Significant differences between shallow and deep roots were observed in xylem structure, with deep roots having thicker stele, wider maximum conduit and greater number of conduits per stele. Compared with shallow roots, the theoretical hydraulic conductivities in deep roots were enhanced by 133% (J. mandshurica), 78% (F. mandschurica) and 217% (P. amurense), respectively, indicating higher efficiency of transportation. Our results suggest that trees' root tip anatomical structure and physiological activity vary substantially with soil environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xueyun Dong
- School of Science, Harbin University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Hongfeng Wang
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Zhengquan Wang
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Jiacun Gu
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
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50
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Chatzistathis T, Alifragis D, Papaioannou A. The influence of liming on soil chemical properties and on the alleviation of manganese and copper toxicity in Juglans regia, Robinia pseudoacacia, Eucalyptus sp. and Populus sp. plantations. J Environ Manage 2015; 150:149-156. [PMID: 25485934 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Revised: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Juglans regia, Robinia pseudoacacia, Eucalyptus sp. and Populus sp. plantations, suffering from Mn and Cu toxicity, were limed in order to reduce Cu and Mn solubility in soil. The purposes of the present work were: i) to study the changes in soil chemical properties after the addition of CaCO3, ii) to investigate the influence of liming on the reduction of Mn and Cu toxicity. After the addition of CaCO3 (three applications, during three successive years), pH and CaCO3 content were significantly increased, while organic C and N were significantly reduced. Exchangeable Ca concentrations have been slightly, or significantly, increased, while those of Mg have been decreased; in addition, ratios Ca/Mg and C/N have been significantly increased after liming. Impressive reductions of DTPA extractable Cu and Mn concentrations (more than 10 times in most cases) were recorded. It was also found that trees without Mn and Cu toxicity symptoms (healthy tress) before liming did not have, in many cases, significantly greater leaf Mn, Cu and Fe concentrations, than trees after soil liming (all the trees were healthy). This probably happened because excess Mn and Cu quantities had been accumulated into their root system. Finally, leaf Mn, Cu and Zn concentrations of trees suffering from toxicity were significantly decreased after soil liming, while leaf Fe concentrations, in all the plant species studied, were increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Chatzistathis
- School of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - D Alifragis
- School of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - A Papaioannou
- School of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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