1
|
Selma-Gracia R, Megušar P, Haros CM, Laparra Llopis JM. Immunonutritional Bioactives from Chenopodium quinoa and Salvia hispanica L. Flour Positively Modulate Insulin Resistance and Preserve Alterations in Peripheral Myeloid Population. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13051537. [PMID: 34063252 PMCID: PMC8147494 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate immunity plays a determinant role in high fat diet (HFD)-induced insulin resistance. This study compares the effects of immunonutritional bioactives from Chenopodium quinoa (WQ) or Salvia hispanica L. (Ch) when used to partially replace wheat flour (WB) into bread formulations. These flours were chosen to condition starch and lipid content in the products as well as because their immunonutritional activity. To be administered with different bread formulations, HFD-fed C57BL/6J mice were distributed in different groups: (i) wild type, (ii) displaying inherited disturbances in glucose homeostasis, and (iii) displaying dietary iron-mediated impairment of the innate immune TLR4/TRAM/TRIF pathway. We analyze the effects of the products on glycaemia and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), plasmatic triglycerides, intestinal and hepatic gene expression and variations of myeloid (MY), and lymphoid (LY) cells population in peripheral blood. Our results show that feeding animals with WQ and Ch formulations influenced the expression of lipogenic and coronary risk markers, thus attaining a better control of hepatic lipid accumulation. WQ and Ch products also improved glucose homeostasis compared to WB, normalizing the HOMA-IR in animals with an altered glucose and lipid metabolism. These positive effects were associated with positive variations in the peripheral myeloid cells population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Selma-Gracia
- Molecular Immunonutrition Group, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies in Food (IMDEA-Food), Ctra. de, Canto Blanco, n°8, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (R.S.-G.); (P.M.)
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Av. Agustín Escardino 7, Parque Científico, Paterna, 46980 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Polona Megušar
- Molecular Immunonutrition Group, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies in Food (IMDEA-Food), Ctra. de, Canto Blanco, n°8, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (R.S.-G.); (P.M.)
- Department of Food Science, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Claudia Monika Haros
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Av. Agustín Escardino 7, Parque Científico, Paterna, 46980 Valencia, Spain;
| | - José Moisés Laparra Llopis
- Molecular Immunonutrition Group, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies in Food (IMDEA-Food), Ctra. de, Canto Blanco, n°8, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (R.S.-G.); (P.M.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Nakamichi N, Nakao S, Nishiyama M, Takeda Y, Ishimoto T, Masuo Y, Matsumoto S, Suzuki M, Kato Y. Oral Administration of the Food-Derived Hydrophilic Antioxidant Ergothioneine Enhances Object Recognition Memory in Mice. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2021; 14:220-233. [PMID: 32048982 DOI: 10.2174/1874467213666200212102710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The enhancement of learning and memory through food-derived ingredients is of great interest to healthy individuals as well as those with diseases. Ergothioneine (ERGO) is a hydrophilic antioxidant highly contained in edible golden oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus cornucopiae var. citrinopileatus), and systemically absorbed by its specific transporter, carnitine/organic cation transporter OCTN1/SLC22A4. OBJECTIVE This study aims to examine the possible enhancement of object recognition memory by oral administration of ERGO in normal mice. METHODS Novel object recognition test, spatial recognition test, LC-MS/MS, Golgi staining, neuronal culture, western blotting, immunocytochemistry, and quantitative RT-PCR were utilized. RESULT After oral administration of ERGO (at a dose of 1-50 mg/kg) three times per week for two weeks in ICR mice, the novel object recognition test revealed a longer exploration time for the novel object than for the familiar object. After oral administration of ERGO, the spatial recognition test also revealed a longer exploration time for the spatially moved object than the unmoved one in mice fed ERGO-free diet. The discrimination index was significantly higher in the ERGO-treated group than the control in both behavioral tests. ERGO administration led to an increase in its concentration in the plasma and hippocampus. The systemic concentration reached was relevant to those found in humans after oral ERGO administration. Golgi staining revealed that ERGO administration increased the number of matured spines in the hippocampus. Exposure of cultured hippocampal neurons to ERGO elevated the expression of the synapse formation marker, synapsin I. This elevation of synapsin I was inhibited by the tropomyosin receptor kinase inhibitor, K252a. Treatment with ERGO also increased the expression of neurotrophin-3 and -5, and phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin in hippocampal neurons. CONCLUSION Oral intake of ERGO may enhance object recognition memory at its plasma concentration achievable in humans, and this enhancement effect could occur, at least in part, through the promotion of neuronal maturation in the hippocampus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noritaka Nakamichi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Nakao
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Misa Nishiyama
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Yuka Takeda
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ishimoto
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Yusuke Masuo
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Satoshi Matsumoto
- L•S Corporation Co. Ltd., 3-10-1 Ningyocho-Nihonbashi, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-0013, Japan
| | - Makoto Suzuki
- L•S Corporation Co. Ltd., 3-10-1 Ningyocho-Nihonbashi, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-0013, Japan
| | - Yukio Kato
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The impact of dietary lipids on cardiometabolic health was mainly studied considering their fatty acid composition. This review aims to present the recent change in paradigm whereby the food matrix, the molecular and supramolecular structures of dietary lipids modulate their digestive fate and cardiometabolic impact. RECENT FINDINGS Epidemiological studies have reported that the metabolic impact of full-fat dairy products is better than predictable upon saturated fatty acid richness. Milk polar lipid supplementation reduced adiposity and inflammation in rodents by modulating gut microbiota and barrier, and decreased lipid markers of cardiovascular disease risk in humans by lowering cholesterol absorption. The metabolic importance of the structure of lipid molecules carrying omega-3 (molecular carrier) has also been documented. Plant lipids exhibit specific assemblies, membrane and molecular structures with potential health benefits. Lipid emulsifiers used to stabilize fats in processed foods are not mere bystanders of lipid effects and can induce both beneficial and adverse health effects. SUMMARY These findings open new clinical research questions aiming to further characterize the cardiometabolic fate of lipids, from digestion to bioactive metabolites, according to the food source or molecular carrier. This should be useful to elaborate food formulations for target populations and personalized dietary recommendations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Vors
- Université de Lyon, CarMeN laboratory, INRAE, INSERM, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSA-Lyon
- CRNH Rhône-Alpes, CENS, Pierre-Bénite
| | - Mélanie Le Barz
- Université de Lyon, CarMeN laboratory, INRAE, INSERM, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSA-Lyon
| | - Claire Bourlieu
- UMR IATE 1208, INRAE/CIRAD/UM/Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Marie-Caroline Michalski
- Université de Lyon, CarMeN laboratory, INRAE, INSERM, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSA-Lyon
- CRNH Rhône-Alpes, CENS, Pierre-Bénite
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Dietary fibers decrease risk of cardiovascular disease and obesity, but the most important mechanisms for fiber's protective properties are debated. The purpose of the review is to summarize the recent human studies that examine mechanisms how dietary fiber decreases risk of obesity-related disorders. RECENT FINDINGS Dietary fiber has effects throughout the digestive tract that decrease risk of obesity-related diseases. Soluble, viscous fibers slow absorption of and decrease serum cholesterol. Intake of dietary fiber enhances satiety and reduces food intake at future meals. The importance of gut fermentation and changes in the gut microbiota and metabolites are linked to decrease risk for obesity-related disorders. Dietary fibers alter the gut microbiota and produce metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids that may explain fiber's role in obesity prevention and treatment. Dietary fiber encompasses many plant compounds, so conclusions that dietary fiber reduces or treats obesity-related disorders must be considered by the fiber was fed in the study. SUMMARY Dietary fiber prevents and treats obesity-related disorders. Mechanisms for this protection include decreased absorption of macronutrients and enhanced satiety. Changes in the gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acids are emerging mechanisms to explain why high fiber diets protect against obesity and have a role in obesity treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miski Dayib
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Troesch B, Eggersdorfer M, Laviano A, Rolland Y, Smith AD, Warnke I, Weimann A, Calder PC. Expert Opinion on Benefits of Long-Chain Omega-3 Fatty Acids (DHA and EPA) in Aging and Clinical Nutrition. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2555. [PMID: 32846900 PMCID: PMC7551800 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Life expectancy is increasing and so is the prevalence of age-related non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Consequently, older people and patients present with multi-morbidities and more complex needs, putting significant pressure on healthcare systems. Effective nutrition interventions could be an important tool to address patient needs, improve clinical outcomes and reduce healthcare costs. Inflammation plays a central role in NCDs, so targeting it is relevant to disease prevention and treatment. The long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-3 LCPUFAs) docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) are known to reduce inflammation and promote its resolution, suggesting a beneficial role in various therapeutic areas. An expert group reviewed the data on omega-3 LCPUFAs in specific patient populations and medical conditions. Evidence for benefits in cognitive health, age- and disease-related decline in muscle mass, cancer treatment, surgical patients and critical illness was identified. Use of DHA and EPA in some conditions is already included in some relevant guidelines. However, it is important to note that data on the effects of omega-3 LCPUFAs are still inconsistent in many areas (e.g., cognitive decline) due to a range of factors that vary amongst the trials performed to date; these factors include dose, timing and duration; baseline omega-3 LCPUFA status; and intake of other nutrients. Well-designed intervention studies are required to optimize the effects of DHA and EPA in specific patient populations and to develop more personalized strategies for their use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Troesch
- Nutrition Science and Advocacy, DSM Nutritional Products, 4303 Kaiseraugst, Switzerland; (B.T.); (I.W.)
| | - Manfred Eggersdorfer
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Alessandro Laviano
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Yves Rolland
- Gérontopôle de Toulouse, Institut du Vieillissement, INSERM 1027, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Toulouse, 31300 Toulouse, France;
| | - A. David Smith
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, UK;
| | - Ines Warnke
- Nutrition Science and Advocacy, DSM Nutritional Products, 4303 Kaiseraugst, Switzerland; (B.T.); (I.W.)
| | - Arved Weimann
- Clinic for General, Visceral and Oncological Surgery, St. Georg gGmbH Clinic, 04129 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Philip C. Calder
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton and NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Li Y, Romey-Glüsing R, Tahan Zadeh N, von Frieling J, Hoffmann J, Huebbe P, Bruchhaus I, Rimbach G, Fink C, Roeder T. Furbellow (Brown Algae) Extract Increases Lifespan in Drosophila by Interfering with TOR-Signaling. Nutrients 2020; 12:E1172. [PMID: 32331413 PMCID: PMC7230866 DOI: 10.3390/nu12041172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Algal products are well known for their health promoting effects. Nonetheless, an in depth understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms is still only fragmentary. Here, we show that aqueous furbelow extracts (brown algae, Saccorhiza polyschides) lengthen the life of both sexes of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster substantially, if used as nutritional additives to conventional food. This life prolonging effect became even more pronounced in the presence of stressors, such as high-fat dieting of living under drought conditions. Application of the extracts did not change food intake, excretion, or other major physiological parameters. Nevertheless, effects on the intestinal microbiota were observed, leading to an increased species richness, which is usually associated with healthy conditions. Lifespan extension was not observed in target of rapamycin (TOR)-deficient animals, implying that functional TOR signaling is necessary to unfold the positive effects of brown algae extract (BAE) on this important trait. The lack of life lengthening in animals with deregulated TOR signaling exclusively targeted to body fat showed that this major energy storage organ is instrumental for transmitting these effects. In addition, expression of Imaginal morphogenesis protein-Late 2 (Imp-L2), an effective inhibitor of insulin signaling implies that BAE exerts their positive effects through interaction with the tightly interwoven TOR- and insulin-signaling systems, although insulin levels were not directly affected by this intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Kiel University, D-24098 Kiel, Germany; (Y.L.); (R.R.-G.); (N.T.Z.); (J.v.F.); (J.H.); (C.F.)
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Renja Romey-Glüsing
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Kiel University, D-24098 Kiel, Germany; (Y.L.); (R.R.-G.); (N.T.Z.); (J.v.F.); (J.H.); (C.F.)
| | - Navid Tahan Zadeh
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Kiel University, D-24098 Kiel, Germany; (Y.L.); (R.R.-G.); (N.T.Z.); (J.v.F.); (J.H.); (C.F.)
| | - Jakob von Frieling
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Kiel University, D-24098 Kiel, Germany; (Y.L.); (R.R.-G.); (N.T.Z.); (J.v.F.); (J.H.); (C.F.)
| | - Julia Hoffmann
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Kiel University, D-24098 Kiel, Germany; (Y.L.); (R.R.-G.); (N.T.Z.); (J.v.F.); (J.H.); (C.F.)
| | - Patricia Huebbe
- Department of Food Sciences, Kiel University, 24098 Kiel, Germany; (P.H.); (G.R.)
| | - Iris Bruchhaus
- Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine, D-20359 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Gerald Rimbach
- Department of Food Sciences, Kiel University, 24098 Kiel, Germany; (P.H.); (G.R.)
| | - Christine Fink
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Kiel University, D-24098 Kiel, Germany; (Y.L.); (R.R.-G.); (N.T.Z.); (J.v.F.); (J.H.); (C.F.)
- DZL, German Center for Lung Research, ARCN, D-24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Thomas Roeder
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Kiel University, D-24098 Kiel, Germany; (Y.L.); (R.R.-G.); (N.T.Z.); (J.v.F.); (J.H.); (C.F.)
- DZL, German Center for Lung Research, ARCN, D-24098 Kiel, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Developmental toxicity assessments often focus on structural outcomes and overlook subtle metabolic differences which occur during the early embryonic period. Deviant embryonic nutrition can result in later-life disease, including diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular disease. Prior to placenta-mediated nutrient exchange, the human embryo requires maternally supplied nutritional substrates for growth, called yolk. Here, we compare the biology of the human and zebrafish yolk and review examples of toxicant-mediated perturbation of yolk defects, composition, and utilization. RECENT FINDINGS Zebrafish embryos, like human embryos, have a protruding yolk sac that serves as a nutritional cache. Aberrant yolk morphology is a common qualitative finding in fish embryotoxicity studies, but quantitative assessment and characterization provides an opportunity to uncover mechanistic targets of toxicant effects on embryonic nutrition. The zebrafish and the study of its yolk sac is an excellent model for uncovering toxicant disruptions to early embryonic nutrition and has potential to discover mechanistic insights into the developmental origins of health and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karilyn E Sant
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Goessman 171, 686 N Pleasant St, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Alicia R Timme-Laragy
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Goessman 171, 686 N Pleasant St, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Datta R, Kaur A, Saraf I, Singh IP, Kaur S. Effect of crude extracts and purified compounds of Alpinia galanga on nutritional physiology of a polyphagous lepidopteran pest, Spodoptera litura (Fabricius). Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2019; 168:324-329. [PMID: 30390531 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.10.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Secondary plant metabolites play an important role in providing protection to plants against herbivore insect pests. Keeping in view the increasing importance of biopesticides, the crude extracts from different plants are being investigated for insecticidal activities. Alpinia galanga, a medicinal plant belonging to family Zingiberaceae exhibits a wide range of biological activities. In the present study, crude extracts of A. galanga and its purified compounds i.e. 1'-acetoxychavicol acetate and galangin were evaluated for their effect on various nutritional parameters of Spodoptera litura (Fab.). All the extracts exhibited a significant influence on relative growth and consumption rates as well as efficiency of conversion of ingested and digested food. Ethyl acetate extract was found to be the most effective causing significant reduction in values of RGR, RCR, ECI and ECD of S. litura larvae in comparison to control larvae. The highest concentration of the ethyl acetate extract (2500 ppm) resulted in 44.95%, 10.99%, 38.08% and 37.04% decrease respectively in RGR, RCR, ECI and ECD in comparison to control. The purified compounds also showed inhibitory effects on various nutritional parameters. 1'-Acetoxychavicol acetate was found to be more effective in comparison to galangin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Datta
- Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India
| | - Amandeep Kaur
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical, Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Isha Saraf
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical, Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Inder Pal Singh
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical, Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab 160062, India.
| | - Sanehdeep Kaur
- Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Martins CHZ, de Sousa M, Fonseca LC, Martinez DST, Alves OL. Biological effects of oxidized carbon nanomaterials (1D versus 2D) on Spodoptera frugiperda: Material dimensionality influences on the insect development, performance and nutritional physiology. Chemosphere 2019; 215:766-774. [PMID: 30352373 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.09.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we developed an integrative experimental design to investigate the long-term effects of two important classes of carbon nanomaterials with different dimensionalities (i.e., 1D oxidized multiwalled carbon nanotube, ox-MWCNT, and 2D graphene oxide, GO) on the development of the generalist insect Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Insects are exciting in vivo biological models for investigating the impact of nanomaterials on nanobio-ecological interactions. S. frugiperda larvae were reared from egg hatching to pupation on diets containing ox-MWCNT and GO at different concentrations (0, 10, 100 and 1000 μg g-1 of dry mass of diet). Several aspects of larval and adult performance were measured under controlled conditions. The effects of the carbon nanomaterial (CNM)-containing diets on the nutritional physiology and digestive enzymatic activities of S. frugiperda larvae were also evaluated. The results showed that the type and concentration of CNMs in the diet negatively affected the reproductive parameters and the digestive and metabolic efficiency of S. frugiperda. The diet containing the highest concentration of GO significantly reduced the fecundity and fertility of S. frugiperda compared to the effects of other treatments. S. frugiperda larvae showed decreased efficiency of food conversion into biomass and maximal approximate digestibility when fed diets containing GO at higher concentrations. However, quantitative differences in digestive enzyme activities were not observed between all treatments. These findings highlighted the critical influence of CNM dimensionality on the general performance and nutritional physiology of the moth. This work contributes to the safety evaluation and future applications of CNMs in agri-environmental nanotechnology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos H Z Martins
- Laboratory of Solid State Chemistry (LQES) and Laboratory of Synthesis of Nanostructures and Interaction with Biosystems (NanoBioss), Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, P.O. Box 6154, Campinas 13083-970, SP, Brazil.
| | - Marcelo de Sousa
- Laboratory of Solid State Chemistry (LQES) and Laboratory of Synthesis of Nanostructures and Interaction with Biosystems (NanoBioss), Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, P.O. Box 6154, Campinas 13083-970, SP, Brazil
| | - Leandro C Fonseca
- Laboratory of Solid State Chemistry (LQES) and Laboratory of Synthesis of Nanostructures and Interaction with Biosystems (NanoBioss), Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, P.O. Box 6154, Campinas 13083-970, SP, Brazil
| | - Diego Stéfani T Martinez
- Laboratory of Solid State Chemistry (LQES) and Laboratory of Synthesis of Nanostructures and Interaction with Biosystems (NanoBioss), Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, P.O. Box 6154, Campinas 13083-970, SP, Brazil; Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Oswaldo L Alves
- Laboratory of Solid State Chemistry (LQES) and Laboratory of Synthesis of Nanostructures and Interaction with Biosystems (NanoBioss), Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, P.O. Box 6154, Campinas 13083-970, SP, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
The success of solid organ transplantation rests heavily on the major advances in immunosuppressive therapy. The early years of organ transplantation were plagued with high failure rates and frequent episodes of acute rejection. With the introduction of improved immunosuppressive agents, successful organ transplantation has become the norm. The emphasis of immunosuppressive therapy has shifted from preventing rejection to balancing acceptable rates of rejection with moderation in adverse effects of the immunosuppressive agents. Among the many possible adverse effects of immunosuppressive therapy is the potential for these agents to affect the nutrition status of the transplant recipient. Given the fact that many patients undergoing transplantation are catabolic and nutritionally vulnerable, it is particularly important for those involved in the care of these patients to be familiar with the nutrition implications of immunosuppressive drugs. In this article, we review the different classes of immunosuppressive medications used in transplantation and emphasize their interactions with the nutrition status of the transplant recipient.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth J McPartland
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Lahey Clinic Medical Center, 41 Mall Road, Burlington, MA 01805, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Barve S, Chen SY, Kirpich I, Watson WH, Mcclain C. Development, Prevention, and Treatment of Alcohol-Induced Organ Injury: The Role of Nutrition. Alcohol Res 2017; 38:289-302. [PMID: 28988580 PMCID: PMC5513692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol and nutrition have the potential to interact at multiple levels. For example, heavy alcohol consumption can interfere with normal nutrition, resulting in overall malnutrition or in deficiencies of important micronutrients, such as zinc, by reducing their absorption or increasing their loss. Interactions between alcohol consumption and nutrition also can affect epigenetic regulation of gene expression by influencing multiple regulatory mechanisms, including methylation and acetylation of histone proteins and DNA. These effects may contribute to alcohol-related organ or tissue injury. The impact of alcohol-nutrition interactions has been assessed for several organs and tissues, including the intestine, where heavy alcohol use can increase intestinal permeability, and the liver, where the degree of malnutrition can be associated with the severity of liver injury and liver disease. Alcohol-nutrition interactions also play a role in alcohol-related lung injury, brain injury, and immune dysfunction. Therefore, treatment involving nutrient supplementation (e.g., with zinc or S-adenosylmethionine) may help prevent or attenuate some types of alcohol-induced organ damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shirish Barve
- Shirish Barve, Ph.D., is a Professor in the Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, and a Professor in the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Shao-Yu Chen, Ph.D., is a Professor in the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Irina Kirpich, Ph.D., and Walter H. Watson, Ph.D., both are Assistant Professors in the Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, and in the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; all at the University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky. Craig McClain, M.D., is a Professor in the Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, and a Professor in the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology at the University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, and a Staff Physician at the Robley Rex Veterans Medical Center, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Shao-Yu Chen
- Shirish Barve, Ph.D., is a Professor in the Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, and a Professor in the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Shao-Yu Chen, Ph.D., is a Professor in the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Irina Kirpich, Ph.D., and Walter H. Watson, Ph.D., both are Assistant Professors in the Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, and in the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; all at the University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky. Craig McClain, M.D., is a Professor in the Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, and a Professor in the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology at the University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, and a Staff Physician at the Robley Rex Veterans Medical Center, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Irina Kirpich
- Shirish Barve, Ph.D., is a Professor in the Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, and a Professor in the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Shao-Yu Chen, Ph.D., is a Professor in the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Irina Kirpich, Ph.D., and Walter H. Watson, Ph.D., both are Assistant Professors in the Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, and in the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; all at the University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky. Craig McClain, M.D., is a Professor in the Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, and a Professor in the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology at the University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, and a Staff Physician at the Robley Rex Veterans Medical Center, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Walter H Watson
- Shirish Barve, Ph.D., is a Professor in the Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, and a Professor in the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Shao-Yu Chen, Ph.D., is a Professor in the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Irina Kirpich, Ph.D., and Walter H. Watson, Ph.D., both are Assistant Professors in the Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, and in the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; all at the University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky. Craig McClain, M.D., is a Professor in the Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, and a Professor in the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology at the University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, and a Staff Physician at the Robley Rex Veterans Medical Center, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Craig Mcclain
- Shirish Barve, Ph.D., is a Professor in the Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, and a Professor in the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Shao-Yu Chen, Ph.D., is a Professor in the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Irina Kirpich, Ph.D., and Walter H. Watson, Ph.D., both are Assistant Professors in the Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, and in the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; all at the University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky. Craig McClain, M.D., is a Professor in the Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, and a Professor in the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology at the University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, and a Staff Physician at the Robley Rex Veterans Medical Center, Louisville, Kentucky
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Tiecher TL, Tiecher T, Ceretta CA, Ferreira PAA, Nicoloso FT, Soriani HH, Tassinari A, Paranhos JT, De Conti L, Brunetto G. Physiological and nutritional status of black oat (Avena strigosa Schreb.) grown in soil with interaction of high doses of copper and zinc. Plant Physiol Biochem 2016; 106:253-263. [PMID: 27209215 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Vineyard sandy acid soils from South Brazil have experienced heavy metal contamination due to replacement of copper (Cu)-based by zinc (Zn)-based products to control foliar diseases. Thus, we evaluate physiological and nutritional status of black oat (Avena strigosa Schreb.), a common interrow crop in vineyards from this region. Soil was collected in a natural field from Santana do Livramento, in Rio Grande do Sul, the southernmost state of Brazil. Black oat was cultivated for 30 days in a greenhouse with application of 0, 30, and 60 mg Cu kg(-1) combined with 0, 15, 30, 60, 120, and 180 mg Zn kg(-1). After the trial period, dry matter accumulation of roots and shoots, Cu and Zn contents in roots and shoots, chlorophyll a fluorescence, photosynthetic pigments and catalase (CAT, EC 1.11.1.6) and peroxidase (POD, EC 1.11.1.7) activity were determined. Cu and Zn toxicity was evidenced by the decrease in plant growth of black oat as well as by the decrease of photochemical efficiency associated with the decrease in photosynthetic pigment content, especially with the highest doses of Cu and Zn. Furthermore, the activity of antioxidant enzymes (CAT and POD) was increased in intermediate doses of Zn, indicating the activation of the antioxidant system, but the stress condition in treatments with high levels of Cu and Zn was not reversed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tadeu L Tiecher
- Departamento de Ciência do Solo da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Tales Tiecher
- Departamento de Ciências Agrárias da Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões, 98400-000, Frederico Westphalen, RS, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Ceretta
- Departamento de Ciência do Solo da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Paulo A A Ferreira
- Departamento de Ciência do Solo da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernando T Nicoloso
- Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Hilda H Soriani
- Departamento de Engenharia Florestal, CESNORS, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 98400-000, Frederico Westphalen, RS, Brazil
| | - Adriele Tassinari
- Departamento de Ciência do Solo da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Juçara Terezinha Paranhos
- Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Lessandro De Conti
- Departamento de Ciência do Solo da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Brunetto
- Departamento de Ciência do Solo da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Xu C, Zhang Z, Cui K, Zhao Y, Han J, Liu F, Mu W. Effects of Sublethal Concentrations of Cyantraniliprole on the Development, Fecundity and Nutritional Physiology of the Black Cutworm Agrotis ipsilon (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156555. [PMID: 27249654 PMCID: PMC4889041 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To better understand the sublethal effects of cyantraniliprole on the black cutworm Agrotis ipsilon (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), several studies were carried out to investigate sublethal effects on development stages, population parameters, feeding indices and nutrient content of A. ipsilon. The result of a bioassay showed that cyantraniliprole had high toxicity against A. ipsilon fourth-instar larvae with an LC50 of 0.354 μg.g-1 using an artificial diet. Compared with controls, sublethal doses of cyantraniliprole at LC5, LC20 and LC40 levels prolonged larval and pupal duration and extended mean generation time and total preovipositional period. In addition, survival rate, reproductive value, intrinsic and finite rates of increase and net reproduction rate declined significantly. Meanwhile, cyantraniliprole had markedly antifeedant effects; decreased the relative growth rate (RGR), the relative consumption rate (RCR), the efficiency of conversion of ingested food (ECI), the efficiency of conversion of digested food (ECD); and increased the approximate digestibility (AD) significantly. This phenomenon contributed to the decrease of nutrient contents, including lipids, protein and carbohydrates, to the point that insufficient energy was available for normal growth. Therefore, sublethal concentrations of cyantraniliprole decreased growth speed and reduced population reproduction of A. ipsilon. This result provides information useful in integrated pest management (IPM) programs for A. ipsilon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Xu
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong 271018, P.R. China
| | - Zhengqun Zhang
- College of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Kaidi Cui
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong 271018, P.R. China
| | - Yunhe Zhao
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong 271018, P.R. China
| | - Jingkun Han
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong 271018, P.R. China
| | - Feng Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong 271018, P.R. China
| | - Wei Mu
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong 271018, P.R. China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Sun C, Li Y, Zhao W, Song X, Lu M, Li X, Li X, Liu R, Yan L, Zhang X. Integration of Hormonal and Nutritional Cues Orchestrates Progressive Corolla Opening. Plant Physiol 2016; 171:1209-29. [PMID: 27208289 PMCID: PMC4902604 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.00209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Flower opening is essential for pollination and thus successful sexual reproduction; however, the underlying mechanisms of its timing control remain largely elusive. We identify a unique cucumber (Cucumis sativus) line '6457' that produces normal ovaries when nutrients are under-supplied, and super ovaries (87%) with delayed corolla opening when nutrients are oversupplied. Corolla opening in both normal and super ovaries is divided into four distinct phases, namely the green bud, green-yellow bud, yellow bud, and flowering stages, along with progressive color transition, cytological tuning, and differential expression of 14,282 genes. In the super ovary, cell division and cell expansion persisted for a significantly longer period of time; the expressions of genes related to photosynthesis, protein degradation, and signaling kinases were dramatically up-regulated, whereas the activities of most transcription factors and stress-related genes were significantly down-regulated; concentrations of cytokinins (CKs) and gibberellins were higher in accordance with reduced cytokinin conjugation and degradation and increased expression of gibberellin biosynthesis genes. Exogenous CK application was sufficient for the genesis of super ovaries, suggesting a decisive role of CKs in controlling the timing of corolla opening. Furthermore, 194 out of 11,127 differentially expressed genes identified in pairwise comparisons, including critical developmental, signaling, and cytological regulators, contained all three types of cis-elements for CK, nitrate, and phosphorus responses in their promoter regions, indicating that the integration of hormone modulation and nutritional regulation orchestrated the precise control of corolla opening in cucumber. Our findings provide a valuable framework for dissecting the regulatory pathways for flower opening in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengzhen Sun
- College of Horticulture Science and Technology (C.S., M.L., Xi.L., L.Y.) and Analysis and Testing Centre (X.S.), Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao 066004, China;Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, China (Y.L., R.L.);Department of Vegetable Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (W.Z., X.Z.); andDepartment of Plant Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (Xu.L.)
| | - Yanqiang Li
- College of Horticulture Science and Technology (C.S., M.L., Xi.L., L.Y.) and Analysis and Testing Centre (X.S.), Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao 066004, China;Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, China (Y.L., R.L.);Department of Vegetable Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (W.Z., X.Z.); andDepartment of Plant Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (Xu.L.)
| | - Wensheng Zhao
- College of Horticulture Science and Technology (C.S., M.L., Xi.L., L.Y.) and Analysis and Testing Centre (X.S.), Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao 066004, China;Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, China (Y.L., R.L.);Department of Vegetable Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (W.Z., X.Z.); andDepartment of Plant Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (Xu.L.)
| | - Xiaofei Song
- College of Horticulture Science and Technology (C.S., M.L., Xi.L., L.Y.) and Analysis and Testing Centre (X.S.), Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao 066004, China;Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, China (Y.L., R.L.);Department of Vegetable Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (W.Z., X.Z.); andDepartment of Plant Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (Xu.L.)
| | - Man Lu
- College of Horticulture Science and Technology (C.S., M.L., Xi.L., L.Y.) and Analysis and Testing Centre (X.S.), Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao 066004, China;Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, China (Y.L., R.L.);Department of Vegetable Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (W.Z., X.Z.); andDepartment of Plant Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (Xu.L.)
| | - Xiaoli Li
- College of Horticulture Science and Technology (C.S., M.L., Xi.L., L.Y.) and Analysis and Testing Centre (X.S.), Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao 066004, China;Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, China (Y.L., R.L.);Department of Vegetable Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (W.Z., X.Z.); andDepartment of Plant Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (Xu.L.)
| | - Xuexian Li
- College of Horticulture Science and Technology (C.S., M.L., Xi.L., L.Y.) and Analysis and Testing Centre (X.S.), Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao 066004, China;Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, China (Y.L., R.L.);Department of Vegetable Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (W.Z., X.Z.); andDepartment of Plant Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (Xu.L.)
| | - Renyi Liu
- College of Horticulture Science and Technology (C.S., M.L., Xi.L., L.Y.) and Analysis and Testing Centre (X.S.), Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao 066004, China;Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, China (Y.L., R.L.);Department of Vegetable Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (W.Z., X.Z.); andDepartment of Plant Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (Xu.L.)
| | - Liying Yan
- College of Horticulture Science and Technology (C.S., M.L., Xi.L., L.Y.) and Analysis and Testing Centre (X.S.), Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao 066004, China;Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, China (Y.L., R.L.);Department of Vegetable Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (W.Z., X.Z.); andDepartment of Plant Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (Xu.L.)
| | - Xiaolan Zhang
- College of Horticulture Science and Technology (C.S., M.L., Xi.L., L.Y.) and Analysis and Testing Centre (X.S.), Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao 066004, China;Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, China (Y.L., R.L.);Department of Vegetable Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (W.Z., X.Z.); andDepartment of Plant Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (Xu.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Guevara MA, Bauer LL, Garleb KA, Fahey GC, de Godoy MRC. Serum lipid profiles, total tract nutrient digestibility, and gastrointestinal tolerance by dogs of α-cyclodextrin. J Anim Sci 2016; 93:2201-7. [PMID: 26020316 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2014-8442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The objectives were to quantify gastrointestinal tolerance, total tract nutrient digestibility, and serum lipid profiles of dogs as affected by α-cyclodextrin (ACD) supplementation and to validate the accuracy of fat analyses techniques using novel ACD-fat complexes. The ACD was hydrolyzed and free sugars and hydrolyzed monosaccharides were quantified using high performance liquid chromatography. Known amount of fats were complexed with ACD, and fat content of complexes were determined using the ether extraction and acid-hydrolyzed fat methods. Nine mixed-breed hounds were used in a crossover design with 3 periods of 10 d each, including 6 d for diet adaptation and 4 d for fecal collection. Dogs were fed twice daily a diet with poultry byproduct meal and brewer's rice as the main ingredients, and chromic oxide (0.2%) was included as a digestion marker. Dogs were supplemented with either 0, 3, or 6 g of ACD diluted in 15 mL of water twice per day for a total of 0, 6, and 12 g ACD per day. The ACD had a very low free sugar concentration and, once hydrolyzed, released only glucose, as expected. Average daily food intake, fecal output (DM basis), and fecal scores were not significantly different among treatments. Body weight and condition score and serum triglycerides and cholesterol concentrations remained unaltered throughout the duration of the experiment. Dry matter, OM, and fat digestibility coefficients were lower (P < 0.05) for both treatment groups compared to the control. The acid-hydrolyzed fat method was valid to measure fat that was bound to ACD. Intake of ACD lowered fat digestibility somewhat but not to the extent previously reported, without affecting serum lipid concentrations or outcomes related to tolerance. Therefore, ACD supplementation resulted in a small decrease in fat digestibility, but ACD supplementation might have potential in modifying serum lipid profiles.
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
While the central role of an adaptive, T cell-mediated immune response to certain gluten peptides in celiac disease is well established, the innate immune response to wheat proteins remains less well defined. We identified wheat amylase trypsin inhibitors (ATIs), but not gluten, as major stimulators of innate immune cells (dendritic cells>macrophages>monocytes), while intestinal epithelial cells were nonresponsive. ATIs bind to and activate the CD14-MD2 toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) complex. This activation occurs both in vitro and in vivo after oral ingestion of purified ATIs or gluten, which is usually enriched in ATIs. Wheat ATIs represent a family of up to 17 proteins with molecular weights of around 15 kDa and a variable primary but conserved secondary structure characterized by 5 intrachain disulfide bonds and alpha helices. They mostly form di- and tetramers that appear to equally activate TLR4. Relevant biological activity is confined to ATIs in gluten-containing cereals, while gluten-free cereals display no or minimal activities. ATIs represent up to 4% of total wheat protein and are highly resistant to intestinal proteases. In line with their dose-dependent function as co-stimulatory molecules in adaptive immunity of celiac disease, they appear to play a role in promoting other immune-mediated diseases within and outside the GI tract. Thus, ATIs may be prime candidates of severe forms of non-celiac gluten (wheat) sensitivity.
Collapse
|
17
|
Goldberg L. Alcohol, nutrition and central nervous system [proceedings]. Bibl Nutr Dieta 2015:52-8. [PMID: 1008790 DOI: 10.1159/000399596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
18
|
Dodd IC, Puértolas J, Huber K, Pérez-Pérez JG, Wright HR, Blackwell MSA. The importance of soil drying and re-wetting in crop phytohormonal and nutritional responses to deficit irrigation. J Exp Bot 2015; 66:2239-52. [PMID: 25628330 PMCID: PMC4986717 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Soil drying and re-wetting (DRW) occurs at varying frequencies and intensities during crop production, and is deliberately used in water-saving irrigation techniques that aim to enhance crop water use efficiency. Soil drying not only limits root water uptake which can (but not always) perturb shoot water status, but also alters root synthesis of phytohormones and their transport to shoots to regulate leaf growth and gas exchange. Re-wetting the soil rapidly restores leaf water potential and leaf growth (minutes to hours), but gas exchange recovers more slowly (hours to days), probably mediated by sustained changes in root to shoot phytohormonal signalling. Partial rootzone drying (PRD) deliberately irrigates only part of the rootzone, while the remainder is allowed to dry. Alternating these wet and dry zones (thus re-wetting dry soil) substantially improves crop yields compared with maintaining fixed wet and dry zones or conventional deficit irrigation, and modifies phytohormonal (especially abscisic acid) signalling. Alternate wetting and drying (AWD) of rice can also improve yield compared with paddy culture, and is correlated with altered phytohormonal (including cytokinin) signalling. Both PRD and AWD can improve crop nutrition, and re-wetting dry soil provokes both physical and biological changes which affect soil nutrient availability. Whether this alters crop nutrient uptake depends on competition between plant and microbes for nutrients, with the rate of re-wetting determining microbial dynamics. Nevertheless, studies that examine the effects of soil DRW on both crop nutritional and phytohormonal responses are relatively rare; thus, determining the cause(s) of enhanced crop yields under AWD and PRD remains challenging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ian C Dodd
- Centre for Sustainable Agriculture, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 1YQ, UK
| | - Jaime Puértolas
- Centre for Sustainable Agriculture, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 1YQ, UK
| | - Katrin Huber
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences: Agrosphere (IBG 3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | | | - Hannah R Wright
- Centre for Sustainable Agriculture, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 1YQ, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Chen LQ, Lin IW, Qu XQ, Sosso D, McFarlane HE, Londoño A, Samuels AL, Frommer WB. A cascade of sequentially expressed sucrose transporters in the seed coat and endosperm provides nutrition for the Arabidopsis embryo. Plant Cell 2015; 27:607-19. [PMID: 25794936 PMCID: PMC4558658 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.114.134585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Revised: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Developing plant embryos depend on nutrition from maternal tissues via the seed coat and endosperm, but the mechanisms that supply nutrients to plant embryos have remained elusive. Sucrose, the major transport form of carbohydrate in plants, is delivered via the phloem to the maternal seed coat and then secreted from the seed coat to feed the embryo. Here, we show that seed filling in Arabidopsis thaliana requires the three sucrose transporters SWEET11, 12, and 15. SWEET11, 12, and 15 exhibit specific spatiotemporal expression patterns in developing seeds, but only a sweet11;12;15 triple mutant showed severe seed defects, which include retarded embryo development, reduced seed weight, and reduced starch and lipid content, causing a "wrinkled" seed phenotype. In sweet11;12;15 triple mutants, starch accumulated in the seed coat but not the embryo, implicating SWEET-mediated sucrose efflux in the transfer of sugars from seed coat to embryo. This cascade of sequentially expressed SWEETs provides the feeding pathway for the plant embryo, an important feature for yield potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Qing Chen
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California 94305
| | - I Winnie Lin
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California 94305 Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305
| | - Xiao-Qing Qu
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California 94305
| | - Davide Sosso
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California 94305
| | - Heather E McFarlane
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Alejandra Londoño
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California 94305
| | - A Lacey Samuels
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Wolf B Frommer
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California 94305
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Wang S, Wang F, Gao S. Foliar application with nano-silicon alleviates Cd toxicity in rice seedlings. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2015; 22:2837-45. [PMID: 25217281 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3525-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Nanofertilizers may be more effective than regular fertilizers in improving plant nutrition, enhancing nutrition use efficiency, and protecting plants from environmental stress. A hydroponic pot experiment was conducted to study the role of foliar application with 2.5 mM nano-silicon in alleviating Cd stress in rice seedlings (Oryza sativa L. cv Youyou 128) grown in solution added with or without 20 μM CdCl2. The results showed that Cd treatment decreased the growth and the contents of Mg, Fe, Zn, chlorophyll a, and glutathione (GSH), accompanied by a significant increase in Cd accumulation. However, foliar application with nano-Si improved the growth, Mg, Fe, and Zn nutrition, and the contents of chlorophyll a of the rice seedlings under Cd stress and decreased Cd accumulation and translocation of Cd from root to shoot. Cd treatment produced oxidative stress to rice seedlings indicated by a higher lipid peroxidation level (as malondialdehyde (MDA)) and higher activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT), and a lower GSH content. However, those nano-Si-treated plants had lower MDA but higher GSH content and different antioxidant enzyme activities, indicating a higher Cd tolerance in them. The results suggested that nano-Si application alleviated Cd toxicity in rice by decreasing Cd accumulation, Cd partitioning in shoot and MDA level and by increasing content of some mineral elements (Mg, Fe, and Zn) and antioxidant capacity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shihua Wang
- Agricultural College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan Province, 471003, People's Republic of China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Colak G, Baykul MC, Gürler R, Catak E, Caner N. Investigation of the effects of cadmium by micro analytical methods on Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. roots. Acta Biol Hung 2014; 65:319-30. [PMID: 25194735 DOI: 10.1556/abiol.65.2014.3.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The interactions between cadmium stress and plant nutritional elements have been investigated on complete plant or at the level of organs. This study was undertaken to contribute to the exploration of the physiological basis of cadmium phytotoxicity. We examined the changes in the nutritional element compositions of the root epidermal cells of the seedlings of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. at the initial growth stages that is known as the most sensitive stage to the stress. Effects of cadmium stress on the seedlings of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. were examined by EDX (Energy Dispersive X-Ray Microanalysis) assay performed with using low vacuum (∼ 24 Pascal) Scanning Electron Microscopy. In the analysis performed at the level of root epidermal cells, some of the macro- and micronutrient contents of the cells (carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, iron, copper, and zinc levels) were found to change when the applying toxic concentrations of cadmium. There was no change in the manganese and sodium content of the epidermal cells. It was concluded that the changes in nutritional element composition of the cells can be considered as an effective parameter in explaining the physiological mechanisms of cadmium-induced growth inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Colak
- Eskisehir Osmangazi University Science Faculty Department of Biology Eskisehir Turkey
| | - M C Baykul
- Eskisehir Osmangazi University Science Faculty Department of Physics Eskisehir Turkey
| | - R Gürler
- Eskisehir Osmangazi University Metallurgy Institute Eskisehir Turkey
| | - E Catak
- Eskisehir Osmangazi University Science Faculty Department of Biology Eskisehir Turkey
| | - N Caner
- Eskisehir Osmangazi University Science Faculty Department of Chemistry Eskisehir Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Plant nutrition 1: membrane transport and energetics, potassium nutrition, and sodium toxicity. Plant Cell 2014; 26. [PMID: 25352152 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.114.tt0914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this first of three lessons spanning the topic of Plant Nutrition, we examine primarily the energetics and mechanisms of nutrient uptake and transport. These processes are particularly well illustrated by an examination of the essential nutrient potassium (K), and the closely related element sodium (Na). We also examine the challenges associated with providing plants with sufficient K to support vigorous growth, and the detrimental effects of sodium accumulation in soils. Finally, we examine efforts to improve the salinity tolerance of crop plants.
Collapse
|
23
|
Demnati C, Ben Mami F, Fendi O, Gaigi I, Trimèche A, Trabelsi N, Dakhli S, Achour A. [What is has the artificial sweeteners in indication the food of our diabetics?]. Tunis Med 2012; 90:238-241. [PMID: 22481196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Artificial Sweeteners are food additives increasingly developed by the food industry. AIM Study of the consumption of sweeteners in diabetic patients. METHODS This prospective cross study performed using a questionnaire to 100 patients recruited at random outpatients of the National Institute of Nutrition. Data on the BMI,the blood sugar were found in clinical records. RESULTS 94% of diabetics have at least heard of sweeteners and 50% use it regularly. Sweetener table are the most consumed sweeteners, in order of frequency Saccharin, Sucralose and Aspartame, used to sweeten coffee and tea. The trade products "light" are consumed by 29% of patients. Yet consumers have no real information on these products. There was no statistically significant correlation between the consumption of sweeteners and BMI, balance and diabetes evolution. A statistically significant correlation was found between consumption and socio-economic and cultural development of patients. CONCLUSION The education of diabetic patients should include information of patients on these sweeteners, their interest, their against-indications and adverse reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cyrine Demnati
- Service des Maladies de la Nutrition et de Diététique thérapeutique, Institut National de Nutrition et de Technologie Alimentaire, Tunis
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Navascués J, Pérez-Rontomé C, Sánchez DH, Staudinger C, Wienkoop S, Rellán-Álvarez R, Becana M. Oxidative stress is a consequence, not a cause, of aluminum toxicity in the forage legume Lotus corniculatus. New Phytol 2012; 193:625-636. [PMID: 22136521 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03978.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
• Aluminum (Al) toxicity is a major limiting factor of crop production on acid soils, but the implication of oxidative stress in this process is controversial. A multidisciplinary approach was used here to address this question in the forage legume Lotus corniculatus. • Plants were treated with low Al concentrations in hydroponic culture, and physiological and biochemical parameters, together with semiquantitative metabolic and proteomic profiles, were determined. • The exposure of plants to 10 μM Al inhibited root and leaf growth, but had no effect on the production of reactive oxygen species or lipid peroxides. By contrast, exposure to 20 μM Al elicited the production of superoxide radicals, peroxide and malondialdehyde. In response to Al, there was a progressive replacement of the superoxide dismutase isoforms in the cytosol, a loss of ascorbate and consistent changes in amino acids, sugars and associated enzymes. • We conclude that oxidative stress is not a causative factor of Al toxicity. The increased contents in roots of two powerful Al chelators, malic and 2-isopropylmalic acids, together with the induction of an Al-activated malate transporter gene, strongly suggest that both organic acids are implicated in Al detoxification. The effects of Al on key proteins involved in cytoskeleton dynamics, protein turnover, transport, methylation reactions, redox control and stress responses underscore a metabolic dysfunction, which affects multiple cellular compartments, particularly in plants exposed to 20 μM Al.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joaquín Navascués
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Apartado 13034, 50080 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Carmen Pérez-Rontomé
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Apartado 13034, 50080 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Diego H Sánchez
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, Wissenschaftspark Golm, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
| | | | - Stefanie Wienkoop
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Rubén Rellán-Álvarez
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Apartado 13034, 50080 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Manuel Becana
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Apartado 13034, 50080 Zaragoza, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Seiva FRF, Chuffa LGA, Ebaid GMX, Silva T, Fernandes AAH, Novelli ELB. Calorimetry, morphometry, oxidative stress, and cardiac metabolic response to growth hormone treatment in obese and aged rats. Horm Metab Res 2011; 43:397-403. [PMID: 21448849 DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1273769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of growth hormone therapy on energy expenditure, lipid profile, oxidative stress and cardiac energy metabolism in aging and obesity conditions. Life expectancy is increasing in world population and with it, the incidence of public health problems such as obesity and cardiac alterations. Because growth hormone (GH) concentration is referred to be decreased in aging conditions, a question must be addressed: what is the effect of GH on aging related adverse changes? To investigate the effects of GH on cardiac energy metabolism and its association with calorimetric parameters, lipid profile and oxidative stress in aged and obese rats, initially 32 male Wistar rats were divided into 2 groups (n=16), C: given standard-chow and water; H: given hypercaloric-chow and receiving 30% sucrose in its drinking water. After 45 days, both C and H groups were divided into 2 subgroups (n=8), C+PL: standard-chow, water, and receiving saline subcutaneously; C+GH: standard-chow, water, and receiving 2 mg/kg/day rhGH subcutaneously; H+PL: hypercaloric-chow, 30% sucrose, receiving saline subcutaneously; H+GH: hypercaloric-chow, 30% sucrose, receiving rhGH subcutaneously. After 30 days, C+GH and H+PL rats had higher body mass index, Lee-index, body fat content, percent-adiposity, serum triacylglycerol, cardiac lipid-hydroperoxide, and triacylglycerol than C+PL. Energy-expenditure (RMR)/body weight, oxygen consumption and fat-oxidation were higher in H+GH than in H+PL. LDL-cholesterol was highest in H+GH rats, whereas cardiac pyruvate-dehydrogenase and phosphofrutokinase were higher in H+GH and H+PL rats than in C+PL. In conclusion, the present study brought new insights on aging and obesity, demonstrating for the first time that GH therapy was harmful in aged and obesity conditions, impairing calorimetric parameters and lipid profile. GH was disadvantageous in control old rats, having undesirable effects on triacylglycerol accumulation and cardiac oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F R F Seiva
- Post Graduation Course, Department of Clinical and Cardiology, School of Medicine, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Liu J, Wu JQ, Yang JJ, Wei JY, Gao WN, Guo CJ. Metabolomic study on vitamins B₁, B₂, and PP supplementation to improve serum metabolic profiles in mice under acute hypoxia based on ¹H NMR analysis. Biomed Environ Sci 2010; 23:312-318. [PMID: 20934120 DOI: 10.1016/s0895-3988(10)60069-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2009] [Accepted: 06/09/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore metabolic changes after acute hypoxia and modulating effect of vitamins B₁, B₂, and PP supplementation in mice exposed to acute hypoxia. METHODS Fifty male Kunming mice were randomly divided into 5 groups: normal, acute hypoxia, acute hypoxia with 2, 4 and 8 time-vitamins B₁, B₂, and PP supplementation. All mice were fed with corresponding diets for two weeks and then were exposed to a simulated altitude of 6,000 meters for 8 h, except for the normal group. Nuclear magnetic resonance analysis was used to identify the changes of serum metabolic profiles. RESULTS There were significant changes in some serum metabolites under induced acute hypoxia, essentially relative increase in the concentrations of lactate, sugar and lipids and decrease in ethanol. The serum levels of choline, succinate, taurine, alanine, and glutamine also increased and phosphocholine decreased in the acute hypoxia group. After vitamins B₁, B₂, and PP supplementation, all these metabolic changes gradually recovered. CONCLUSIONS Significant changes in serum metabolic profile were observed by metabolomics in mice exposed to acute hypoxia, and vitamins B₁, B₂, and PP supplementation proved to be beneficial to improving some metabolic pathways. It is suggested that the dietary intakes of vitamins B₁, B₂, and PP should be increased under hypoxia condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Liu
- Institute of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Folmsbee M, Howard G, McAlister M. Nutritional effects of culture media on mycoplasma cell size and removal by filtration. Biologicals 2010; 38:214-7. [PMID: 20149685 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2009.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2009] [Accepted: 10/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Careful media filtration prior to use is an important part of a mycoplasma contamination prevention program. This study was conducted to increase our knowledge of factors that influence efficient filtration of mycoplasma. The cell size of Acholeplasma laidlawii was measured after culture in various nutritional conditions using scanning electron microscopy. The maximum cell size changed, but the minimum cell size remained virtually unchanged and all tested nutritional conditions resulted in a population of cells smaller than 0.2 microm. Culture in Tryptic Soy Broth (TSB) resulted in an apparent increase in the percentage of very small cells which was not reflected in increased penetration of non-retentive 0.2 microm rated filters. A. laidlawii cultured in selected media formulations was used to challenge 0.2 microm rated filters using mycoplasma broth base as the carrier fluid. We used 0.2 microm rated filters as an analytical tool because A. laidlawii is known to penetrate 0.2 microm filters and the degrees of penetration can be compared. Culture of A. laidlawii in TSB resulted in cells that did not penetrate 0.2 microm rated filters to the same degree as cells cultured in other media such as mycoplasma broth or in TSB supplemented with 10% horse serum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martha Folmsbee
- Pall Corporation, 25 Harbor Park Dr., Port Washington, NY 11050, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Sánchez J, Palou A, Picó C. Response to carbohydrate and fat refeeding in the expression of genes involved in nutrient partitioning and metabolism: striking effects on fibroblast growth factor-21 induction. Endocrinology 2009; 150:5341-50. [PMID: 19837871 DOI: 10.1210/en.2009-0466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the effects of carbohydrate (CHO) and fat intake on the expression of key genes related with nutrient partitioning and metabolism in main tissues involved in energy metabolism (white adipose tissue, liver, and skeletal muscle). Rats were studied under different conditions: feeding state, 24 h fasting, and 12 h refeeding after 24 h fasting with isocaloric amounts of CHO or fat. Fat, but not CHO, refeeding was associated with an increase in serum and liver triglyceride content. Main changes in gene expression elicited by CHO compared with fat refeeding were: 1) higher expression levels of genes related with lipogenesis (PPARgamma2, ChREBP, FAS), glucose uptake and metabolism (GLUT4, HKII), fatty acid uptake (LPL, CD36), and lipolysis (ATGL, HSL) in white adipose tissue; 2) higher expression levels of genes related with lipogenesis (FAS, SCD1) but lower ones related with fatty acid uptake (CD36) and oxidation (PPARalpha, CPT1, PDK4) in liver; and 3) higher expression levels of GLUT4 but lower ones related with fatty acid oxidation (PDK4 and UCP3) in muscle. It is worth mentioning that both CHO and fat refeeding resulted in a robust increase in both hepatic mRNA and circulating levels of fibroblast growth factor-21, compared with fasted levels. In summary, these results, showing marked differences in gene expression after CHO and fat refeeding, can explain diet-associated differences in fuel handling and partitioning between tissues; in addition, a role of fibroblast growth factor-21 in metabolic adaptations, not only in the ketotic state but also to face an unbalanced nutritional situation, is suggested.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Sánchez
- University of the Balearic Islands and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Palma de Mallorca 07122, Spain
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Bibliography. Current world literature. Nutrition and metabolism. Curr Opin Lipidol 2009; 20:63-72. [PMID: 19106709 DOI: 10.1097/MOL.0b013e32832402a2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
|
30
|
Friedrich M, Goluch-Koniuszy Z. [Evaluation of influence of diet content and its supplementation with chosen group of B vitamins on lipids and lipoprtoteins concentration in female rat serum]. Rocz Panstw Zakl Hig 2009; 60:91-95. [PMID: 19579777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The influence of diet content and its supplementation with chosen group of B vitamins on the intake of feeding stuff increase, changes of body mass, accumulation of fat tissue, lipids and lipoproteins concentration in the blood of female rats were under research. The animals, aged 5 months, were divided into three groups (8 persons each) and fed ad libitum with granulated Labofeed B type mix. Group I with the basic mix containing among other things whole grain, Group II with a modified mix, where whole grain was replaced by wheat flour and saccharose and Group III with modified mix supplemented in excess with chosen vitamins of B group. This experiment took 6 weeks during which the amount of consumed feed was currently evaluated, and the body mass was controlled weekly. After finishing the experiment in the obtained serum the concentration of triacylglycerols, complete cholesterol with enzyme method and the content of cholesterol fractions with electrophoretic separation method were determined. Analysis of fat content in muscles and livers was conducted and the amount of round the bodily organ fat was determined. It was ascertained that change of the content of the feed and its supplementation with the chosen B group vitamins did not influence in a substantial way its intake and the increase of body mass, however it had influenced substantially, in animals fed with the modified feed the accumulation of round the organ fat and in supplemented the intramuscular fat. Analysis of the results enabled the ascertainment that the diet supplementation with chosen ingredients of the B group vitamins corrects the negative effect of accumulation of the visceral fat tissue as a result of the change of its contents, caused substantial increase in the concentration of triacylglycerols, complete cholesterol and its fractions VLDL- and LDL- with simultaneous decrease of the concentration of cholesterol HDL- fractions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariola Friedrich
- Zakład Fizjologii Zywienia Człowieka, Akademia Rolnicza w Szczecinie.
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Livovsky DM, Lalazar G, Ben Ya'acov A, Pappo O, Preston S, Zolotaryova L, Ilan Y. Administration of beta-glycolipids overcomes an unfavorable nutritional dependent host milieu: a role for a soy-free diet and natural ligands in intrahepatic CD8+ lymphocyte trapping and NKT cell redistribution. Int Immunopharmacol 2008; 8:1298-305. [PMID: 18602077 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2008.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2008] [Revised: 05/06/2008] [Accepted: 05/08/2008] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Soy-based diets are a major source of sphingolipids and play a complicated role in various aspects of the immune system. Administration of beta-glycolipids, including beta-glucosylceramide (GC), beta-lactosylceramide (LC) and a 1:1 combination of GC and LC (IGL) were shown to exert immune-modulatory effects. AIM To examine the effects of a soy-free diet, and several beta-glycolipids on concanavalin A (ConA)-induced hepatitis in the presence of an altered host glycolipid milieu. METHODS ConA hepatitis was induced in C57BL/6 mice that were fed a soy-free diet (glycolipid content 200 micromol/kg). Two hours prior to administration of ConA, animals were injected IP with GC, LC, IGL or PBS. Animals were sacrificed 6 h after ConA administration. RESULTS Both a soy-free diet and administration of beta-glycolipids were associated with significant alterations in the distribution of NKT cells. Specifically, there was a decrease in intrahepatic and an increase in intrasplenic NKT lymphocytes. beta-glycolipids prevented the ConA-induced intrahepatic CD8 lymphocyte trapping, not seen in mice with only a soy-free diet. Both a soy-free diet and beta-glycolipids alleviated ConA-induced hepatitis by inhibiting IL10 secretion and increasing IL12 serum levels. The effect of IGL was clinically and immunological superior to that of either glycolipid alone. CONCLUSIONS Both a soy-free diet and beta-glycolipids can overcome the unfavorable host milieu in the setting of ConA hepatitis. The host glycolipid milieu profoundly influenced the immune and clinical effects of various insults, and suggests that alteration of the glycolipid background of the host can serve as a novel therapeutic tool.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan M Livovsky
- Department of Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Jacobs DM, Deltimple N, van Velzen E, van Dorsten FA, Bingham M, Vaughan EE, van Duynhoven J. (1)H NMR metabolite profiling of feces as a tool to assess the impact of nutrition on the human microbiome. NMR Biomed 2008; 21:615-626. [PMID: 18085514 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.1233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Current research increasingly recognizes the human gut microbiome as a metabolically versatile biological 'digester' that plays an essential role in regulating the host metabolome. Gut microbiota recover energy and biologically active molecules from food that would otherwise be washed out of the intestinal tract without benefit. In this study, a protocol for NMR-based metabolite profiling has been developed to access the activity of the microbiome. The physicochemical properties of fecal metabolites have been found to strongly affect the reproducibility and coverage of the profiles obtained. Metabolite profiles generated by water and methanol extraction of lyophilized feces are reproducible and comprise a variety of different compounds including, among others, short-chain fatty acids (e.g. acetate, propionate, butyrate, isobutyrate, isovalerate, malate), organic acids (e.g. succinate, pyruvate, fumarate, lactate), amino acids, uracil, trimethylamine, ethanol, glycerol, glucose, phenolic acids, cholate, and lipid components. The NMR profiling approach was validated on fecal samples from a double-blinded, placebo-controlled, randomized cross-over study, in which healthy human subjects consumed a placebo and either a grape juice extract or a mix of grape juice and wine extract over a period of 4 weeks, each. The considerable inter- and intra-individual variability observed originates in the first instance from variable metabolite concentrations rather than from variable metabolite compositions, suggesting that different colonic flora share general biochemical characteristics metabolizing different substrates to specific metabolic patterns. Whereas the grape juice extract did not induce changes in the metabolite profiles as compared with the placebo, the mixture of grape juice and wine extract induced a reduction in isobutyrate, which may indicate that polyphenols are able to modulate the microbial ecology of the gut.
Collapse
|
33
|
Kilonzo MM, Vale LD, Cook JA, Milne AC, Stephen AI, Avenell A. A cost-utility analysis of multivitamin and multimineral supplements in men and women aged 65 years and over. Clin Nutr 2007; 26:364-70. [PMID: 17198742 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2006.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2006] [Revised: 08/31/2006] [Accepted: 11/08/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS As people age there is a progressive dysregulation of the immune system that may lead to an increased risk of infections, which may precipitate hospital admission in people with chronic heart or respiratory diseases. Mineral and vitamin supplementation in older people could therefore influence infections in older people. However, the evidence from the available randomised controlled trials (RCTs) is mixed. The aim of the study was to assess the relative efficiency of multivitamin and multimineral supplementation compared with no supplementation. METHODS Cost-utility analysis alongside an RCT. Participants aged 65 years or over from six general practices in Grampian, Scotland, were studied. They were randomised to one tablet daily of either a multivitamin and multimineral supplement or matching placebo. Exclusion criteria were use of mineral, vitamin or fish oil supplements in the previous 3 months (1 month for water soluble vitamins), vitamin B12 injection in the last 3 months. RESULTS Nine hundred and ten participants were recruited (454 placebo and 456 supplementation). Use of health service resources and costs were similar between the two groups. The supplementation arm was more costly although this was not statistically significant ( pound15 per person, 95% CI-3.75 to 34.95). After adjusting for minimisation and baseline EQ-5D scores supplementation was associated with fewer QALYs per person (-0.018, 95% CI-0.04 to 0.002). It was highly unlikely that supplementation would be considered cost effective. CONCLUSIONS The evidence from this study suggests that it is highly unlikely that supplementation could be considered cost effective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mary M Kilonzo
- Health Economics Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
López de Romaña D, Verona S, Vivanco OA, Gross R. Protective effect of multimicronutrient supplementation against anemia among children, women, and adolescent girls in lower-income areas of Chiclayo, Peru. Food Nutr Bull 2007; 27:S143-50. [PMID: 17455400 DOI: 10.1177/15648265060274s405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Integrated Food Security Program (Programa Integrado de Seguridad Alimentaria [PISA]) implemented a campaign to promote weekly multimicronutrient supplementation among women and adolescent girls of childbearing age and children under 5 years of age. OBJECTIVES To assess the impact of the campaign on the growth of children and on anemia among children and among women and adolescent girls of childbearing age. METHODS Weekly multimicronutrient supplementation was provided for 8 weeks. Weights, heights, and hemoglobin concentrations were assessed at the beginning and end of the campaign. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Although supplementation did not significantly increase the hemoglobin concentrations of children (p = .80) or women and adolescent girls (p = .65) in the intervention group, the hemoglobin concentrations of the comparison groups were significantly lower after 8 weeks (p = .001 for children and p = .03 for women and adolescent girls). Furthermore, the percentage of anemic children in the comparison group increased significantly (p <.001), and the final value was significantly higher than that for the intervention group (p = .004). There were no significant effects of weekly multimicronutrient supplementation on the growth of children, but the study was too short to reliably determine any effects on growth.
Collapse
|
35
|
Affiliation(s)
- J T Winkler
- Nutrition Policy Unit, London Metropolitan University
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Abstract
The 6(th) COSTAM/SFRR (ASEAN/Malaysia) workshop, "Micronutrients, Oxidative Stress, and the Environment," was held from June 29 to July 2 at Holiday Inn Damai Beach Resort in Kuching, Sarawak. Two hundred twenty participants from 17 countries presented recent advances on natural antioxidants in the area of oxidative stress and molecular aspects of nutrition. Natural products and research are an important program in academic institutions and are experiencing unprecedented interest and growth by the scientific community and public health authorities. Progress is being driven by better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of the relation between oxidative stress and micronutrient action. The gathering of scientists from around the world was fruitful, and we hope that future work will be developed by the formal and informal interactions that took place in this beautiful tropical setting.
Collapse
|
37
|
Nagasaka H, Yorifuji T, Murayama K, Kubota M, Kurokawa K, Murakami T, Kanazawa M, Takatani T, Ogawa A, Ogawa E, Yamamoto S, Adachi M, Kobayashi K, Takayanagi M. Effects of arginine treatment on nutrition, growth and urea cycle function in seven Japanese boys with late-onset ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency. Eur J Pediatr 2006; 165:618-24. [PMID: 16703326 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-006-0143-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2005] [Accepted: 03/01/2006] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of arginine on nutrition, growth and urea cycle function in boys with late-onset ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency (OTCD). Seven Japanese boys with late-onset OTCD enrolled in this study resumed arginine treatment after the cessation of this therapy for a few years. Clinical presentations such as vomiting and unconsciousness, plasma amino acids and urinary orotate excretion were followed chronologically to evaluate urea cycle function and protein synthesis with and without this therapy. In addition to height and body weight, blood levels of proteins, lipids, growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and IGF-binding protein -3 (IGFBP-3) were monitored. RESULTS The frequency of hyperammonemic attacks and urinary orotate excretion decreased significantly following the resumption of arginine treatment. Despite showing no marked change in body weight, height increased gradually. Extremely low plasma arginine increased to normal levels, while plasma glutamine and alanine levels decreased considerably. Except for a slight increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level, blood levels of markers for nutrition did not change. In contrast, low serum IGF-I and IGFBP-3 levels increased to age-matched control levels, and normal urinary GH secretion became greater than the level observed in the controls. CONCLUSION Arginine treatment is able to reduces attacks of hyperammonemia in boys with late-onset OTCD and to increase their growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hironori Nagasaka
- Division of Metabolism, Chiba Children's Hospital, Chiba 266-0007, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Affiliation(s)
- D B A Silk
- Department of Gastroenterology & Nutrition, Central Middlesex Hospital, The North West London Hospitals NHS Trust, Acton Lane, NW10 7NS, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Abstract
Analytical techniques for the biochemical assessment of nutritional status have been the focus of continuing interest at ESPEN over the years. All the congress proceedings were scrutinized to prepare this review. A total of 274 abstracts were found to be relevant to the topic. Fifty-six of these were selected as especially representative of the topic and are referenced. Eighty-seven additional papers of special interest are mentioned in the text with the details necessary to find them easily in the Clin. Nutr. Supplement where they were published. Methods involving stable isotopes were not considered here because these are discussed elsewhere.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Cynober
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and INSERM U341, Hotel-Dieu AP-HP, France
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Pichard C, Kyle U, Loizeau E. [Role of biosynthetic growth hormone in the nutritional management of adults]. Rev Med Suisse Romande 1992; 112:517-22. [PMID: 1631463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C Pichard
- Division de gastro-entérologie et nutrition, Hôpital cantonal universitaire, Genève
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Varela-Moreiras G, Ruiz-Roso B, Varela G. Effects of long-term administration of acetaminophen on the nutritional utilization of dietary protein. Ann Nutr Metab 1991; 35:303-8. [PMID: 1776827 DOI: 10.1159/000177661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The effect of long-term administration of acetaminophen to rats on the dietary protein utilization was investigated using protein-sufficient and protein-deficient diets. Fat digestibility, food efficiency and some hepatic parameters were also determined. Results showed that there was a significant decrease in the nitrogen metabolic utilization in the protein-sufficient treated animals compared to the untreated group (0.59 +/- 0.03 vs. 0.75 +/- 0.03, p less than 0.001). The protein-deficient diet and the administration of the drug resulted in lower nitrogen metabolic utilization in either of the two metabolic balances (days 4-11 and 36-42). These changes were not accompanied by variations in the nitrogen digestibility coefficient.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Varela-Moreiras
- Departamento de Nutrición, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, España
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Tayek JA, Heber D, Byerley LO, Steiner B, Rajfer J, Swerdloff RS. Nutritional and metabolic effects of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist treatment for prostate cancer. Metabolism 1990; 39:1314-9. [PMID: 2123281 DOI: 10.1016/0026-0495(90)90190-n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer commonly leads to weight loss associated with increased glucose production and protein breakdown. Medical or surgical castration results in decreased muscle mass, increased fat mass, and weight gain. The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in body composition, protein metabolism, hepatic glucose production, (HGP), and basal energy expenditure in 10 men with advanced stage C and D prostate cancer receiving a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist (Buserelin). Metabolic parameters and nutritional status were determined at 0, 2, 6, and 12 months of therapy. Baseline measurements of plasma leucine appearance (76.2 +/- 5.4 microM/kg/h) and HGP rates (80.1 +/- 2.9 mg/m2/min) were greater than previously reported for normal volunteers. GnRH agonist therapy in prostate cancer patients was associated with a significant reduction in serum testosterone, dihydrotestosterone (DHT), luteinizing hormone (LH), and cortisol, and significant increases in triiodothyronine (T3) and free triiodothyronine (free T3). Neither basal energy expenditure nor plasma leucine appearance rates were changed over time, but there were significant linear reductions in HGP rates (80.1 +/- 2.9 mg/m2/min, mean +/- SEM; 79.9 +/- 2.3, 73.7 +/- 3.4, 72.5 +/- 2.3; P less than .01; baseline, 2, 6, and 12 months, respectively, by repeated measures ANOVA). In all patients, significant increases in body weight, triceps skin fold, cholesterol, and fat mass were noted. Total body water content was not significantly increased after the 12-month period; therefore, the weight gain seen in these patients was water-free tissue, ie, fat mass.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J A Tayek
- Department of Medicine, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance 90502
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Abstract
The occurrence of renal insufficiency tends to increase in late adulthood. This common complication of old age is associated with increased physical dependency, morbidity, and mortality, and a lowered quality of life. In this review, the authors will develop the thesis that dietary practices during early and middle adulthood importantly influence the risk of renal insufficiency in the elderly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Rudman
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee 53295
| | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Cook MC, Taren DL. Nutritional implications of medication use and misuse in elderly. J Fla Med Assoc 1990; 77:606-13. [PMID: 2196334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Factors responsible for an increased risk of drug-nutrient interactions in the elderly are an increased exposure to drug use for chronic health conditions and the greater chance for marginal diets deficient in nutrients. Poor patient compliance and physicians' prescribing patterns further complicate the risk. Several nutrient-drug interactions cause changes in drug efficacy and affect nutritional status. To identify and assess elderly patients at risk, each should be evaluated through socioeconomic, dietary, and clinical parameters. The health-care team must be knowledgeable regarding drug interactions to properly intervene using a multidisciplinary approach. An intervention program could prevent a decline in the elderly's health status, reduce healthcare costs and improve the quality of life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M C Cook
- University of South Florida College of Public Health, Tampa
| | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Segal B, Segal R. [The role of nutrition in cytoprotection]. Rev Med Chir Soc Med Nat Iasi 1990; 94:51-6. [PMID: 2075335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
46
|
|
47
|
Boutin-Pannetier MS, Delhotal-Landes B, Flouvat B. [Effect of nutrition on drug bioavailability]. Therapie 1986; 41:397-402. [PMID: 3544322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
48
|
Abstract
The concentrations of selected proteins of transport and nutrition were investigated in 27 diabetic children and 13 healthy controls by an immunodiffusion technique. The diabetic children had significantly lower mean pre-albumin (p less than 0.001), albumin (p less than 0.01) and orosomucoid levels (p less than 0.05) than the healthy controls. No correlation was observed between age or sex and the blood concentrations of the specific proteins analyzed in this series. Haptoglobin and hemopexin showed positive correlations with serum triglycerides (both p less than 0.01) and slight positive correlations with some of the variables of carbohydrate control. The reduced levels of prealbumin and albumin were not correlated to diabetic control as measured by HbA1, fasting plasma glucose or urinary glucose excretion. The non-physiological distribution site and the abnormal temporal pattern of insulin offered to diabetic children might be the reason for the protein abnormalities found in this study. This is seemingly the first time reduced serum levels of proteins have been reported in diabetic children.
Collapse
|
49
|
Abstract
The efficiency of alpha-ketoisocaproate as a dietary substitute for leucine was assessed in rats by two techniques: first, the minimal dose of alpha-ketoisocaproate required, as a supplement to a leucine-free diet, to achieve a growth rate as great as animals receiving leucine was found to be between 2.2 and 4.4 times larger. Therefore the nutritional efficiency of alpha-ketoisocaproate lies between 0.23 and 0.46. Second, alpha-[1-14C]-ketoisocaproate and [3H]leucine were administered orally and the ratio of 14C/3H incorporated into the leucine of whole-body protein and fibrin was measured. This ratio, divided by the ratio 14C/3H injected, was the same in fibrin as in whole-body protein and averaged 0.39. Thus both techniques yield the same value, within the error of measurement, for the relative nutritional efficiency of alpha-ketoisocaproate. We also found that alpha-ketoisocaproate feeding at varying dosage did not alter this ratio in whole-body protein (measured in rats fasted overnight), suggesting that neither wide variations in growth rate nor exposure for 10 days to alpha-ketoisocaproate (in a diet of constant protein content) alters the relative rates of utilization (or oxidation) of alpha-ketoisocaproate vs. leucine.
Collapse
|
50
|
Abstract
Pediatric drugs may have significant nutritional consequences via their effects on appetite, nutrient absorption, nutrient metabolism, and nutrient excretion. Examples of common drugs and effects on nutrition include the inhibition of vitamin C storage by aspirin; impairment of folic acid utilization by phenobarbital; phenylalanine accumulation by trimethoprim; and lipolysis caused by caffeine. Nutritional consequences of drugs are of greater clinical significance in children who are malnourished and in those on drugs for prolonged periods. It is important that physicians consider possible deleterious consequences of drugs in making therapeutic choices.
Collapse
|