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Liu X, Zhang H, Yan B, Yeung KWK, Liao Y, Ouyang L, Liu X. On-Off Phagocytosis and Switchable Macrophage Activation Stimulated with NIR for Infected Percutaneous Tissue Repair of Polypyrrole-Coated Sulfonated PEEK. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2023; 10:e2205048. [PMID: 36515274 PMCID: PMC9929275 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202205048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Intelligent control of the immune response is essential for obtaining percutaneous implants with good sterilization and tissue repair abilities. In this study, polypyrrole (Ppy) nanoparticles enveloping a 3D frame of sulfonated polyether ether ketone (SP) surface are constructed, which enhance the surface modulus and hardness of the sulfonated layer by forming a cooperative structure of simulated reinforced concrete and exhibit a superior photothermal effect. Ppy-coated SP could quickly accumulate heat on the surface by responding to 808 nm near-infrared (NIR) light, thereby killing bacteria, and destroying biofilms. Under NIR stimulation, the phagocytosis and M1 activation of macrophages cultured on Ppy-coated SP are enhanced by activating complement 3 and its receptor, CD11b. Phagocytosis and M1 activation are impaired along with abolishment of NIR stimulation in the Ppy-coated SP group, which is favorable for tissue repair. Ppy-coated SP promotes Collagen-I, vascular endothelial growth factor, connective tissue growth factor, and α-actin (Acta2) expression by inducing M2 polarization owing to its higher surface modulus. Overall, Ppy-coated SP with enhanced mechanical properties could be a good candidate for clinical percutaneous implants through on-off phagocytosis and switchable macrophage activation stimulated with NIR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingdan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine MicrostructureShanghai Institute of CeramicsChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200050China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics EngineeringUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Haifeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine MicrostructureShanghai Institute of CeramicsChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200050China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics EngineeringUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
- School of Chemistry and Materials ScienceHangzhou Institute for Advanced StudyUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences1 Sub‐lane XiangshanHangzhou310024China
| | - Bangcheng Yan
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine MicrostructureShanghai Institute of CeramicsChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200050China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics EngineeringUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Kelvin W. K. Yeung
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Innovative Technology in Orthopaedic TraumaGuangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Orthopaedic Trauma RepairDepartment of Orthopaedics and TraumatologyThe University of Hong Kong Shenzhen HospitalShenzhen518053China
| | - Yun Liao
- Department of PharmacyTongren HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai200336China
| | - Liping Ouyang
- Department of PharmacyTongren HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai200336China
- Hongqiao International Institute of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai200336China
| | - Xuanyong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine MicrostructureShanghai Institute of CeramicsChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200050China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics EngineeringUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
- School of Chemistry and Materials ScienceHangzhou Institute for Advanced StudyUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences1 Sub‐lane XiangshanHangzhou310024China
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Abstract
As a radiation biodosimetry tool, gene expression profiling is being developed using mouse and human peripheral blood models. The impact of dose, dose-rate, and radiation quality has been studied with the goal of predicting radiological tissue injury. In this study, we determined the impact of aging on the gene expression profile of blood from mice exposed to radiation. Young (2 mo) and old (21 mo) male mice were irradiated with 4 Gy x-rays, total RNA was isolated from whole blood 24 h later, and subjected to whole genome microarray analysis. Pathway analysis of differentially expressed genes revealed young mice responded to x-ray exposure by significantly upregulating pathways involved in apoptosis and phagocytosis, a process that eliminates apoptotic cells and preserves tissue homeostasis. In contrast, the functional annotation of senescence was overrepresented among differentially expressed genes from irradiated old mice without enrichment of phagocytosis pathways. Pathways associated with hematologic malignancies were enriched in irradiated old mice compared with irradiated young mice. The fibroblast growth factor signaling pathway was underrepresented in older mice under basal conditions. Similarly, brain-related functions were underrepresented in unirradiated old mice. Thus, age-dependent gene expression differences should be considered when developing gene signatures for use in radiation biodosimetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantinos G Broustas
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 W. 168th St., New York, NY, 10032, USA.
| | - Axel J Duval
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 W. 168th St., New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Sally A Amundson
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 W. 168th St., New York, NY, 10032, USA
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Wang X, Wu X, Qin J, Ye K, Lai F, Li B, He G, Lu X, Brett DJL, Parkin IP. Differential Phagocytosis-Based Photothermal Ablation of Inflammatory Macrophages in Atherosclerotic Disease. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:41009-41018. [PMID: 31599564 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b12258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory macrophage (Mφ)-mediated atherosclerosis is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Photothermal therapy (PTT) has been demonstrated as an efficient strategy in killing target cells, and its application in the treatment of inflammation in atherosclerosis is developing. However, the choice of nanomaterials, mechanisms, and side effects are seldom considered. In this study, semiconductor nanomaterials, that is, MoO2 nanoclusters, were synthesized and used for the first time in PTT for inflammatory Mφ-mediated atherosclerosis. Based on cell differential phagocytosis, the optimum amount of MoO2 and treatment time were selected to exert the maximum ablation effect on Mφ and minimal damage on endothelial cells without requiring additional target or selective groups. Moreover, MoO2-based PTT shows an excellent therapeutic effect on atherosclerosis by eliminating Mφ in animal models, with no significant side effects observed. This study explores a new method of nanotechnology and pharmaceutical development by using and optimizing cost-effective metal oxide nanostructures in the treatment of atherosclerosis and motivates further research on minimizing the side effects of related materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital , Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai 200011 , China
| | - Xiaoyu Wu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital , Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai 200011 , China
| | - Jinbao Qin
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital , Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai 200011 , China
| | - Kaichuang Ye
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital , Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai 200011 , China
| | - Feili Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science , Fudan University , Shanghai 200433 , China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital , Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai 200011 , China
| | - Guanjie He
- Christopher Ingold Laboratory, Department of Chemistry , University College London , London WC1E 7JE , U.K
| | - Xinwu Lu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital , Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai 200011 , China
| | - Dan J L Brett
- Department of Chemical Engineering , University College London , London WC1H 0AJ , U.K
| | - Ivan P Parkin
- Christopher Ingold Laboratory, Department of Chemistry , University College London , London WC1E 7JE , U.K
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Gholamin S, Youssef OA, Rafat M, Esparza R, Kahn S, Shahin M, Giaccia AJ, Graves EE, Weissman I, Mitra S, Cheshier SH. Irradiation or temozolomide chemotherapy enhances anti-CD47 treatment of glioblastoma. Innate Immun 2019; 26:130-137. [PMID: 31547758 PMCID: PMC7016411 DOI: 10.1177/1753425919876690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Irradiation and temozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy are the current standard treatments for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), but they are associated with toxicity and limited efficacy. Recently, these standard therapies have been used to enhance immunotherapy against GBM. Immunotherapy using the anti-CD47 (immune checkpoint inhibitor) treatment has shown promise in treating multiple tumor types, including GBM. The goal of this current work was to test whether irradiation or TMZ chemotherapy could enhance anti-CD47 treatment against GBM. Our results showed that irradiation and TMZ each significantly enhanced anti-CD47-mediated phagocytosis of GBM cells in vitro. Furthermore, mice engrafted with human GBM that received anti-CD47 combined with focal irradiation or TMZ treatment showed a significant increase in the survival rate compared to those that received a single treatment. The tumor growth in mice that received both anti-CD47 and irradiation was significantly less than that of groups that received either anti-CD47 or focal irradiation. The results from this study may support future use of anti-CD47 treatment in combination with irradiation or chemotherapy to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of GBM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharareh Gholamin
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital, Stanford University School of Medicine, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine and the Stanford Ludwig Cancer Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Osama A Youssef
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Huntsman Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, University of Utah, USA
| | - Marjan Rafat
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, USA
| | - Rogelio Esparza
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital, Stanford University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Suzana Kahn
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital, Stanford University School of Medicine, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine and the Stanford Ludwig Cancer Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Maryam Shahin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, USA
| | | | | | - Irving Weissman
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine and the Stanford Ludwig Cancer Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Siddhartha Mitra
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital, Stanford University School of Medicine, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine and the Stanford Ludwig Cancer Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Hematology/Oncology/Bone Marrow Transplant Research Laboratories, Children’s Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado, School of Medicine, USA
| | - Samuel H Cheshier
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital, Stanford University School of Medicine, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine and the Stanford Ludwig Cancer Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, USA
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Huntsman Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, University of Utah, USA
- Samuel H Cheshier, Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84113, USA.
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Beaton ED, Gosselin I, Festarini A, Gagnaire B, Farrow F, Cavalié I, Shultz C, Kim SB, Walsh S, Chen HQ, Adam-Guillermin C, Stuart M. Correlated responses for DNA damage, phagocytosis activity and lysosomal function revealed in a comparison between field and laboratory studies: Fathead minnow exposed to tritium. Sci Total Environ 2019; 662:990-1002. [PMID: 30795485 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Tritium entering the aquatic environment can confer a whole body internal radiological dose to aquatic organisms. Multiple stressors inherent in natural environments, however, confound estimates for observable radiation specific responses. To disentangle differences between field and laboratory outcomes to tritium exposures, a multivariate analysis comparing biomarkers for radiation exposure at the cellular level with changes in biological processes within tissues is described for fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas). Over tritium activity concentrations up to 180,000 Bq/L, DNA damage in the field were lower than DNA damage in the laboratory. This finding does not support an increase in morbidity of biota in field exposures. Energy deposited by tritium decay produces oxidised free radicals, yet the biological responses in brain, muscle and liver to oxidative stress differed between the studies and were not related to the tritium. For both studies, DNA damage in gonad and blood increased with increased tritium as did the fluorescence associated with lysosomal function in spleen. The studies differed in spleen phagocytosis activity were, in the laboratory but not the field, activity increased with increased tritium-and was correlatd with lysosomal function (Spearman coefficient of 0.98 (p = 0.001). The higher phagocytosis activity in the field reflects exposures to unmeasured factors that were not present within the laboratory. In the laboratory, DNA damage and lysosomal function were correlated: Spearman coefficients of 0.9 (Comet, p = 0.03) and 0.9 (micronuclei, p = 0.08). In the field, DNA damage by the Comet assay, but not by micronucleus frequency, correlated with lysosomal function: Spearman coefficients of 0.91 (Comet, p < 0.001) and 0.47 (micronuclei, p = 0.21). These observations highlight a need for better physiologic understanding of linkages between radiation-induced damage within cells and responses at higher levels of biological organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- E D Beaton
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories (formerly Atomic Energy of Canada Limited), Chalk River Laboratories, 286 Plant Road, Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0, Canada.
| | - Isabelle Gosselin
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories (formerly Atomic Energy of Canada Limited), Chalk River Laboratories, 286 Plant Road, Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0, Canada
| | - Amy Festarini
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories (formerly Atomic Energy of Canada Limited), Chalk River Laboratories, 286 Plant Road, Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0, Canada
| | - Beatrice Gagnaire
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sureté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-ENV/SRTE/LECO, Cadarache, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance 13115, France
| | - Francesca Farrow
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories (formerly Atomic Energy of Canada Limited), Chalk River Laboratories, 286 Plant Road, Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0, Canada
| | - Isabelle Cavalié
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sureté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-ENV/SRTE/LECO, Cadarache, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance 13115, France
| | - Carmen Shultz
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories (formerly Atomic Energy of Canada Limited), Chalk River Laboratories, 286 Plant Road, Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0, Canada
| | - Sang Bog Kim
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories (formerly Atomic Energy of Canada Limited), Chalk River Laboratories, 286 Plant Road, Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0, Canada
| | - Stephanie Walsh
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories (formerly Atomic Energy of Canada Limited), Chalk River Laboratories, 286 Plant Road, Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0, Canada
| | - Hui Qun Chen
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories (formerly Atomic Energy of Canada Limited), Chalk River Laboratories, 286 Plant Road, Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0, Canada
| | - Christelle Adam-Guillermin
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sureté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-ENV/SRTE/LECO, Cadarache, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance 13115, France
| | - Marilyne Stuart
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories (formerly Atomic Energy of Canada Limited), Chalk River Laboratories, 286 Plant Road, Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0, Canada
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Patrone F, Dallegri F, Brema F, Sacchetti C. In Vitro Function of Chronic Myelocytic Leukemia Granulocytes. Effects of Irradiation and Storage. Tumori 2018; 65:27-37. [PMID: 286467 DOI: 10.1177/030089167906500104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Granulocyte function was studied in 9 patients with untreated, Ph1-positive chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML). The nitroblue tetrazolium reduction by stimulated granulocytes was impaired in all patients; 4 patients also had diminished phagocytosis and 2 others defective Chemotaxis. In spite of this variety of polymorphonuclear (PMN) functional impairments, there is little evidence of increased susceptibility to infections in CML patients. This suggests that CML-PMN leucocytes (PMNs) may be successfully used for transfusion into neutropenic recipients, as previously reported. To evaluate the effects of irradiation and liquid storage on CML-PMNs, 5 of our patients were subjected to leukapheresis by continuous-flow centrifugation in the Aminco Celltrifuge, and granulocyte functional capacities were also evaluated on the cell-rich plasma immediately after collection and after short-term storage at 4°C with or without irradiation (1500 rads). As evaluated by in vitro studies, granulocytes maintained, even after irradiation, functional activities similar to those found immediately after collection up to 24 h of storage at 4°C and presented a moderate loss of function after 48 h. Chemotaxis appeared to be the most sensitive detector for cellular damage of stored leucocytes, irradiated and non-irradiated, so that it might be used for assessment of leucocyte function before transfusion.
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Su L, Yimaer A, Wei X, Xu Z, Chen G. The effects of 50 Hz magnetic field exposure on DNA damage and cellular functions in various neurogenic cells. J Radiat Res 2017; 58:474-486. [PMID: 28369556 PMCID: PMC5570089 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrx012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have indicated a possible association between extremely low-frequency magnetic field (ELF-MF) exposure and the risk of nervous system diseases. However, laboratory studies have not provided consistent results for clarifying this association, despite many years of studies. In this study, we have systematically investigated the effects of 50 Hz MF exposure on DNA damage and cellular functions in both neurogenic tumor cell lines (U251, A172, SH-SY5Y) and primary cultured neurogenic cells from rats (astrocytes, microglia, cortical neurons). The results showed that exposure to a 50 Hz MF at 2.0 mT for up to 24 h did not influence γH2AX foci formation (an early marker of DNA double-strand breaks) in any of six different neurogenic cells. Exposure to a 50 Hz MF did not affect cell cycle progression, cell proliferation or cell viability in neurogenic tumor U251, A172 or SH-SY5Y cells. Furthermore, the MF exposure for 24 h did not significantly affect the secretion of cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6 or IL-1β) in astrocytes or microglia, or the phagocytic activity of microglia. In addition, MF exposure for 1 h per day did not significantly influence expression levels of microtubule-associated protein tau, microtubule-associated protein 2, postsynaptic density 95 or gephyrin in cortical neurons, indicating an absence of effects of MF exposure on the development of cortical neurons. In conclusion, our data suggest that exposure to a 50 Hz MF at 2.0 mT did not elicit DNA damage effects or abnormal cellular functions in the neurogenic cells studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liling Su
- Bioelectromagnetics Laboratory, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Jiangxi Medical College, 399 Zhimi Road, Shangrao 331000, China
| | - Aziguli Yimaer
- Bioelectromagnetics Laboratory, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaoxia Wei
- Bioelectromagnetics Laboratory, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhengping Xu
- Bioelectromagnetics Laboratory, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Institute of Environmental Health, Zhejiang University School of Public Health, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Guangdi Chen
- Bioelectromagnetics Laboratory, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Institute of Environmental Health, Zhejiang University School of Public Health, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Corresponding author. Bioelectromagnetics Laboratory, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China. Tel: +86-571-88208169; Fax: +86-571-88208163;
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Yang S, Du G, Wei Y, Suo L, Zhou L, Feng L, Song J, Zhu Z, Zheng Y. [Immature dendritic cells phagocytosing human spleen cells treated by PUVA present the characteristics of regulatory dendritic cells]. Xi Bao Yu Fen Zi Mian Yi Xue Za Zhi 2017; 33:455-459. [PMID: 28395713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Objective To investigate the effect of psoralen combined with A-band ultraviolet (PUVA)-treated human spleen lymphocytes on the phenotype and function of immature dendritic cells (imDCs). Methods Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated and induced to produce DCs by interleukin-4 (IL-4) and recombinant human granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (rhGM-CSF). On the sixth day, the imDCs were obtained and stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). One day later, mature DCs were harvested. Human spleen cells (SPs) were isolated and treated with PUVA to prepare apoptotic PUVA-SPs. Co-culture of imDCs with PUVA-SPs resulted in extracorporeal photochemotheraputic DCs (ecpDCs). Co-culture of imDCs with SPs resulted in SP-DCs. The expressions of CD11c, CD83 and CD86 were detected by flow cytometry. The levels of IL-10 and IL-12 in the supernatants of the above cells were determined by ELISA. Results The early apoptosis rate of PUVA-SPs was (94.21±3.75)%. There was no significant difference in the expressions of CD83 and CD86 between imDCs and ecpDCs. But the positive rates of CD83 and CD86 in ecpDCs were lower than those in DCs. However, the positive rates of CD83 and CD86 in SP-DCs were significantly higher than those of the imDCs. Conclusion The imDCs phagocytosing apoptotic human SPs present phenotype and function of regulatory DCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaozhen Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Organ Transplant Institute of PLA, 309 Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Guosheng Du
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Organ Transplant Institute of PLA, 309 Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100091, China. *Corresponding author, E-mail:
| | - Yuxiang Wei
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Organ Transplantation and Immune Regulation, Organ Transplant Institute of PLA, 309 Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Longlong Suo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Organ Transplant Institute of PLA, 309 Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Organ Transplant Institute of PLA, 309 Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Likui Feng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Organ Transplant Institute of PLA, 309 Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Jiyong Song
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Organ Transplant Institute of PLA, 309 Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Zhidong Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Organ Transplant Institute of PLA, 309 Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100091, China
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Song D, Wilson B, Zhao L, Bhuyan R, Bandyopadhyay M, Lyubarsky A, Yu C, Li Y, Kanu L, Miwa T, Song WC, Finnemann SC, Rohrer B, Dunaief JL. Retinal Pre-Conditioning by CD59a Knockout Protects against Light-Induced Photoreceptor Degeneration. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166348. [PMID: 27893831 PMCID: PMC5125596 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Complement dysregulation plays a key role in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), but the specific mechanisms are incompletely understood. Complement also potentiates retinal degeneration in the murine light damage model. To test the retinal function of CD59a, a complement inhibitor, CD59a knockout (KO) mice were used for light damage (LD) experiments. Retinal degeneration and function were compared in WT versus KO mice following light damage. Gene expression changes, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and glial cell activation were also compared. At baseline, the ERG responses and rhodopsin levels were lower in CD59aKO compared to wild-type (WT) mice. Following LD, the ERG responses were better preserved in CD59aKO compared to WT mice. Correspondingly, the number of photoreceptors was higher in CD59aKO retinas than WT controls after LD. Under normal light conditions, CD59aKO mice had higher levels than WT for GFAP immunostaining in Müller cells, mRNA and protein levels of two ER-stress markers, and neurotrophic factors. The reduction in photon capture, together with the neurotrophic factor upregulation, may explain the structural and functional protection against LD in the CD59aKO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delu Song
- The F.M. Kirby Center for Molecular Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Brooks Wilson
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Liangliang Zhao
- The F.M. Kirby Center for Molecular Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Rupak Bhuyan
- The F.M. Kirby Center for Molecular Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Arkady Lyubarsky
- The F.M. Kirby Center for Molecular Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Chen Yu
- Center for Cancer, Genetic Diseases, and Gene Regulation, Department of Biological Sciences, Fordham University, Bronx, NY
| | - Yafeng Li
- The F.M. Kirby Center for Molecular Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Levi Kanu
- The F.M. Kirby Center for Molecular Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Takashi Miwa
- Department of Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Wen-Chao Song
- Department of Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Silvia C. Finnemann
- Center for Cancer, Genetic Diseases, and Gene Regulation, Department of Biological Sciences, Fordham University, Bronx, NY
| | - Bärbel Rohrer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
- Research Service, Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC
- * E-mail: (JLD); (BR)
| | - Joshua L. Dunaief
- The F.M. Kirby Center for Molecular Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- * E-mail: (JLD); (BR)
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Koyama S, Narita E, Suzuki Y, Taki M, Shinohara N, Miyakoshi J. Effect of a 2.45-GHz radiofrequency electromagnetic field on neutrophil chemotaxis and phagocytosis in differentiated human HL-60 cells. J Radiat Res 2015; 56:30-6. [PMID: 25194051 PMCID: PMC4572595 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rru075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Revised: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The potential public health risks of radiofrequency (RF) fields have been discussed at length, especially with the use of mobile phones spreading extensively throughout the world. In order to investigate the properties of RF fields, we examined the effect of 2.45-GHz RF fields at the specific absorption rate (SAR) of 2 and 10 W/kg for 4 and 24 h on neutrophil chemotaxis and phagocytosis in differentiated human HL-60 cells. Neutrophil chemotaxis was not affected by RF-field exposure, and subsequent phagocytosis was not affected either compared with that under sham exposure conditions. These studies demonstrated an initial immune response in the human body exposed to 2.45-GHz RF fields at the SAR of 2 W/kg, which is the maximum value recommended by the International Commission for Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) guidelines. The results of our experiments for RF-field exposure at an SAR under 10 W/kg showed very little or no effects on either chemotaxis or phagocytosis in neutrophil-like human HL-60 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Koyama
- Laboratory of Applied Radio Engineering for Humanosphere, Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Eijiro Narita
- Laboratory of Applied Radio Engineering for Humanosphere, Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Suzuki
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami Ohsawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Masao Taki
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami Ohsawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Naoki Shinohara
- Laboratory of Applied Radio Engineering for Humanosphere, Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Junji Miyakoshi
- Laboratory of Applied Radio Engineering for Humanosphere, Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
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Wunderlich R, Ernst A, Rödel F, Fietkau R, Ott O, Lauber K, Frey B, Gaipl US. Low and moderate doses of ionizing radiation up to 2 Gy modulate transmigration and chemotaxis of activated macrophages, provoke an anti-inflammatory cytokine milieu, but do not impact upon viability and phagocytic function. Clin Exp Immunol 2015; 179:50-61. [PMID: 24730395 PMCID: PMC4260896 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Benign painful and inflammatory diseases have been treated for decades with low/moderate doses of ionizing radiation (LD-X-irradiation). Tissue macrophages regulate initiation and resolution of inflammation by the secretion of cytokines and by acting as professional phagocytes. Having these pivotal functions, we were interested in how activated macrophages are modulated by LD-X-irradiation, also with regard to radiation protection issues and carcinogenesis. We set up an ex-vivo model in which lipopolysaccharide pre-activated peritoneal macrophages (pMΦ) of radiosensitive BALB/c mice, mimicking activated macrophages under inflammatory conditions, were exposed to X-irradiation from 0·01 Gy up to 2 Gy. Afterwards, the viability of the pMΦ, their transmigration and chemotaxis, the phagocytic behaviour, the secretion of inflammatory cytokines and underlying signalling pathways were determined. Exposure of pMΦ up to a single dose of 2 Gy did not influence their viability and phagocytic function, an important fact regarding radiation protection. However, significantly reduced migration, but increased chemotaxis of pMΦ after exposure to 0·1 or 0·5 Gy, was detected. Both might relate to the resolution of inflammation. Cytokine analyses revealed that, in particular, the moderate dose of 0·5 Gy applied in low-dose radiotherapy for inflammatory diseases results in an anti-inflammatory cytokine microenvironment of pMΦ, as the secretion of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-1β was reduced and that of the anti-inflammatory cytokine transforming growth factor (TGF)-β increased. Further, the reduced secretion of IL-1β correlated with reduced nuclear translocation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB p65, starting at exposure of pMΦ to 0·5 Gy of X-irradiation. We conclude that inflammation is modulated by LD-X-irradiation via changing the inflammatory phenotype of macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Wunderlich
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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12
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Barrio MM, Abes R, Colombo M, Pizzurro G, Boix C, Roberti MP, Gélizé E, Rodriguez-Zubieta M, Mordoh J, Teillaud JL. Human macrophages and dendritic cells can equally present MART-1 antigen to CD8(+) T cells after phagocytosis of gamma-irradiated melanoma cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e40311. [PMID: 22768350 PMCID: PMC3388056 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2011] [Accepted: 06/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DC) can achieve cross-presentation of naturally-occurring tumor-associated antigens after phagocytosis and processing of dying tumor cells. They have been used in different clinical settings to vaccinate cancer patients. We have previously used gamma-irradiated MART-1 expressing melanoma cells as a source of antigens to vaccinate melanoma patients by injecting irradiated cells with BCG and GM-CSF or to load immature DC and use them as a vaccine. Other clinical trials have used IFN-gamma activated macrophage killer cells (MAK) to treat cancer patients. However, the clinical use of MAK has been based on their direct tumoricidal activity rather than on their ability to act as antigen-presenting cells to stimulate an adaptive antitumor response. Thus, in the present work, we compared the fate of MART-1 after phagocytosis of gamma-irradiated cells by clinical grade DC or MAK as well as the ability of these cells to cross present MART-1 to CD8(+) T cells. Using a high affinity antibody against MART-1, 2A9, which specifically stains melanoma tumors, melanoma cell lines and normal melanocytes, the expression level of MART-1 in melanoma cell lines could be related to their ability to stimulate IFN-gamma production by a MART-1 specific HLA-A*0201-restricted CD8(+) T cell clone. Confocal microscopy with Alexa Fluor®(647)-labelled 2A9 also showed that MART-1 could be detected in tumor cells attached and/or fused to phagocytes and even inside these cells as early as 1 h and up to 24 h or 48 h after initiation of co-cultures between gamma-irradiated melanoma cells and MAK or DC, respectively. Interestingly, MART-1 was cross-presented to MART-1 specific T cells by both MAK and DC co-cultured with melanoma gamma-irradiated cells for different time-points. Thus, naturally occurring MART-1 melanoma antigen can be taken-up from dying melanoma cells into DC or MAK and both cell types can induce specific CD8(+) T cell cross-presentation thereafter.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Marcela Barrio
- Centro de Investigaciones Oncológicas,
Fundación Cáncer FUCA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Riad Abes
- INSERM UMR S 872, Paris, France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers,
Université Pierre et Marie Curie – Paris6, UMR S 872, Paris,
France
- Université Paris Descartes,
UMR S 872, Paris, France
| | - Marina Colombo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas
de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Fundación Instituto Leloir, Buenos Aires,
Argentina
| | - Gabriela Pizzurro
- Centro de Investigaciones Oncológicas,
Fundación Cáncer FUCA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Charlotte Boix
- INSERM UMR S 872, Paris, France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers,
Université Pierre et Marie Curie – Paris6, UMR S 872, Paris,
France
- Université Paris Descartes,
UMR S 872, Paris, France
| | - María Paula Roberti
- Centro de Investigaciones Oncológicas,
Fundación Cáncer FUCA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Emmanuelle Gélizé
- INSERM UMR S 872, Paris, France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers,
Université Pierre et Marie Curie – Paris6, UMR S 872, Paris,
France
- Université Paris Descartes,
UMR S 872, Paris, France
| | - Mariana Rodriguez-Zubieta
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas
de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Fundación Instituto Leloir, Buenos Aires,
Argentina
| | - José Mordoh
- Centro de Investigaciones Oncológicas,
Fundación Cáncer FUCA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas
de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Fundación Instituto Leloir, Buenos Aires,
Argentina
| | - Jean-Luc Teillaud
- INSERM UMR S 872, Paris, France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers,
Université Pierre et Marie Curie – Paris6, UMR S 872, Paris,
France
- Université Paris Descartes,
UMR S 872, Paris, France
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Ueta T, Inoue T, Yuda K, Furukawa T, Yanagi Y, Tamaki Y. Intense physiological light upregulates vascular endothelial growth factor and enhances choroidal neovascularization via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α in mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2012; 32:1366-71. [PMID: 22516064 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.112.248021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Toxicity of intense light to facilitate the development of neovascular age-related macular degeneration has been a health concern although the mechanism remains unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS Effects of intense, but within physiological range, light on retinal pigment epithelium, a major pathogenic origin of age-related macular degeneration were studied in mice. Intense physiological light upregulated vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in retinal pigment epithelium, independent of circadian rhythm, which resulted in enhancement of choroidal neovascularization. In rd1/rd1 mice or Crx(-/-) mice that do not possess outer segment structure, light exposure did not induce VEGF, indicating that VEGF upregulation by light depended on increased outer segment phagocytosis by retinal pigment epithelium. In retinal pigment epithelium cells phagocytosing increased amount of outer segment, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) not hypoxia-inducible factor-1α was induced, leading to VEGF upregulation. The VEGF upregulation and choroidal neovascularization enhancement were abrogated in PGC-1α(-/-) mice and estrogen-related receptor-α(-/-) mice, indicating the involvement of PGC-1α/estrogen-related receptor-α pathway. CONCLUSIONS Intense physiological light is involved in choroidal neovascularization through excess outer segment phagocytosis and VEGF upregulation mediated by PGC-1α in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Ueta
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tokyo School of Medicine, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
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14
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Gizinger OA, Dolgushin II, Letiaeva OI. [Analysis of parameters of reproductive tract mucosal immunity in women with chlamydial infection before and after local magnetolaserotherapy]. Vopr Kurortol Fizioter Lech Fiz Kult 2010:30-33. [PMID: 21332087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the influence of combined treatment with low-intensity laser radiation and magnetic field on neutrophil function in women presenting with Chlamydial infection. Dysfunction of neutrophil granulocytes in these patients was manifest in the first place as the decreased number of phagocytes and the low rate of phagocytosis. It was shown that the concentration of active oxygen species in neutrophils in the patients with Chlamydial infection was significantly smaller than in healthy women. The concurrent application of low-intensity laser radiation and a magnetic field not only stimulated phagocytosis but also increased intracellular production of active oxygen species especially under in vitro conditions. It is concluded that combined treatment with low-intensity laser radiation and magnetic field has beneficial effect on the parameters of mucosal immunity in the reproductive tract of women with Chlamydial infection.
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15
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Stepanova II, Vdovenko VI, Kolpakov II, Kondrashova VH, Leonovych OS, Lytvynets' OM. [Evaluation of immunity parameters and free radical processes in children-residents of radioactive contaminated territories born to parents irradiated in childhood]. Lik Sprava 2010:71-76. [PMID: 21488369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The children--residents of contaminated territories, born from mothers irradiated in their childhood had in remote period of the Chernobyl Disaster an increase in the frequency of disorders connected with immune system activation and depressive types, increase in intensity of free radical processes in blood serum and erythrocytes.
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16
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Abstract
An epidemiologic study of childhood leukemia in Denmark (2,400 cases; 6,697 controls) from 1968 to 1994 suggested a weak, but statistically significant, association of residential radon exposure and acute childhood lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The Danish study estimated a relative risk (RR) = 1.56 (95% CI, 1.05-2.30) for a cumulative exposure of 1,000 Bq m-3 y. For an exposure duration of 10 y their RR corresponds to a radon concentration of 100 Bq m-3. There are two dose pathways of interest where alpha particles could damage potential stem cells for ALL. One is the alpha dose to bone marrow, and two is the dose to bronchial mucosa where an abundance of circulating lymphocytes is found. Compared with an exposure of about 1 mSv y-1 from natural external background, radon and decay products contribute an additional 10 to 60% to the bone marrow equivalent dose. The other pathway for exposure of T (or B) lymphocytes is within the tracheobronchial epithelium (BE). Inhaled radon decay products deposit on the relatively small area of airway surfaces and deliver a significant dose to the nearby basal or mucous cells implicated in human lung cancer. Lymphocytes are co-located with basal cells and are half as abundant. Using a 10-y exposure to 100 Bq m-3, our dose estimates suggest that the equivalent dose to these lymphocytes could approach 1 Sv. The relatively high dose estimate to lymphocytes circulating through the BE, potential precursor cells for ALL, provides a dose pathway for an association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi H Harley
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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17
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Abstract
In the human body, every day billions of apoptotic cells are produced. Removal of these cells is necessary, to prevent the release of intracellular toxic constituents, and occurs very effectively via phagocytosis by (semi)-professional phagocytes. This elimination process occurs rapidly and without inflammation. In systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) a disturbed elimination of apoptotic cells has been implicated in the induction and reactivation of the disease. Accumulation of apoptotic cells may result in autoantibody formation. A delayed, pro-inflammatory clearance is also thought to play a crucial role in the development of inflammatory lesions once the disease has manifested. One of the hallmarks of patients with SLE is the development of cutaneous lesions upon exposure to sunlight. In this review, we will focus on apoptotic cells, their elimination, and the consequences of a disturbed elimination of apoptotic cells on the development of UVB induced inflammatory skin lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Bijl
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen. Groningen. The Netherlands.
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18
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Pagliara P, Lanubile R, Dwikat M, Abbro L, Dini L. Differentiation of monocytic U937 cells under static magnetic field exposure. Eur J Histochem 2009; 49:75-86. [PMID: 15823797 DOI: 10.4081/930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We present here a morphological, cytochemical and biochemical study of the macrophagic differentiation of human pro-monocytic U937 cells exposed to moderate intensity (6 mT) static magnetic fields (MF). It was found that the following substances induced differentiation in U937 cells to a progressively lower degree: 50 ng/mL 12-0-tetradecanoyl-13-phorbol acetate (TPA), low concentration of glutamine (0,05 mM/L), 10% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and 100 mM/L Zn++. Differentiated U937 cells shift from a round shape to a macrophage-like morphology, from suspension to adhesion growth and acquire phagocytotic activity, the cytoskeleton adapting accordingly. Exposure to static MF at 6 mT of intensity decreases the degree of differentiation for all differentiating molecules with a consequent fall in cell adhesion and increased polarization of pseudopodia and cytoplasmic protrusions. Differentiation alone, or in combination with exposure to static MFs, affects the distribution and quantity of cell surface sugar residues, the surface expression of markers of macrophage differentiation, and phagocytotic capability. Our results indicate that moderate-intensity static MFs exert a considerable effect on the process of macrophage differentiation of pro-monocytic U937 cells and suggest the need for further studies to investigate the in vivo possible harmful consequences of this.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Pagliara
- Laboratory of Dept. of Biological and Environmental Science and Technology, University of Lecce, Italy
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19
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Bogdanovich LV, Pogrebniak SG. [Analysis of non-specific immunity status in children using basic statistic]. Lik Sprava 2009:92-97. [PMID: 19957724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Using the basic statistics methods the state of neutrophyls phagocytic activity of children living in the contaminated territory was fulfilled. Some changes of nonspecific immunity surveyed: increased number of sensibilizated cells and decrease the content of the latex particles. This facts show the persistent nonspecific changes in the cellular immune status of the surveyed.
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20
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Gomes AJ, Lunardi LO, Marchetti JM, Lunardi CN, Tedesco AC. Photobiological and Ultrastructural Studies of Nanoparticles of Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)-Containing Bacteriochlorophyll-aas a Photosensitizer Useful for PDT Treatment. Drug Deliv 2008; 12:159-64. [PMID: 16025845 DOI: 10.1080/10717540590931846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction of polymeric nanoparticles formulated from the biodegradable polymer poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide) loaded with bacteriochlorophyll-a was studied in homogeneous solution and in vitro in the presence of a macrophage cell line (P388-D1-ATCC). Photodynamic therapy (PDT) activity after different laser doses also was investigated. Scanning electron microscopy analysis of cell phagocyte nanoparticles showed that after 30 min of incubation most of the nanoparticles are in a clear adhesion process to the cell surface. The majority of nanoparticles became phagocytic after 2 hr of incubation time. After laser irradiation of the dye-containing system a total photodamage by nanoparticle phagocyte cells was observed and the cell survival was quantified by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide test. Our results indicate that polymeric nanoparticles work as an efficient drug delivery system for PDT drugs. This approach can be widely used for many other hydrophobic photosensitizers with higher aggregation tendency in neoplastic cell treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anderson J Gomes
- Instituto de Química da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Brazil
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21
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Hébert N, Gagné F, Cejka P, Bouchard B, Hausler R, Cyr DG, Blaise C, Fournier M. Effects of ozone, ultraviolet and peracetic acid disinfection of a primary-treated municipal effluent on the immune system of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2008; 148:122-7. [PMID: 18538640 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2008.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2008] [Revised: 04/16/2008] [Accepted: 04/16/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Municipal sewage effluents are complex mixtures that are known to compromise the health condition of aquatic organisms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impacts of various wastewater disinfection processes on the immune system of juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). The trout were exposed to a primary-treated effluent for 28 days before and after one of each of the following treatments: ultraviolet (UV) radiation, ozonation and peracetic acid. Immune function was characterized in leucocytes from the anterior head kidney by the following three parameters: phagocytosis activity, natural cytotoxic cells (NCC) function and lymphocyte (B and T) proliferation assays. The results show that the fish mass to length ratio was significantly decreased for the primary-treated and all three disinfection processes. Exposure to the primary-treated effluent led to a significant increase in macrophage-related phagocytosis; the addition of a disinfection step was effective in removing this effect. Both unstimulated and mitogen-stimulated T lymphocyte proliferation in fish decreased dramatically in fish exposed to the ozonated effluent compared to fish exposed to either the primary-treated effluent or to aquarium water. Stimulation of T lymphocytes proliferation was observed with the peracetic acid treatment group. In conclusion, the disinfection strategy used can modify the immune system in fish at the level of T lymphocyte proliferation but was effective to remove the effects on phagocytosis activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Hébert
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, 531 des Prairies, Laval, Quebec, Canada H7V 1B7
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Akleev AV, Ovcharova EA. [Characterization of immunity status in exposed residents of the Techa riverside villages 50 years after the onset of radiation exposure]. Radiats Biol Radioecol 2008; 48:261-277. [PMID: 18689251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The goal of the study was to assess the state of immunity in exposed residents of the Techa riverside villages 50 years, or more, after the onset of radiation exposure. 127 chronically exposed persons and 55 unexposed persons were studied. The mean dose to red bone marrow (RBM) was 0.69 Sv in exposed subjects, the mean dose to soft tissue was 0.07 Sv, the mean dose rate amounted to 0.10 Sv/yr to RBM and 0.02 Sv/yr to soft tissues in 1950. The state of the basic links of the immunity system (cellular, humoral, mononuclear phagocyte system, cytokine spectrum, etc.) was assessed using conventional methods. Exposed persons manifested a significant reduction in the absolute counts of CD3+, CD4+, CD 11b+, CD16+ lymphocytes in the peripheral blood, as well as an increase in the relative counts of CD8+. The group comprised of the Techa riverside residents demonstrated an increased immunoregulatory index (exposed individuals: 1.47; controls: 1.71, p = 0.001). An increased production of Immunoglobulin A and increased proportions of CD25+ lymphocytes were revealed in exposed individuals. Changes in the phagocytic activity of neutrophils and monocytes were insignificant, and were primarily associated with changes in the proportions of pagocytes in the peripheral blood stream. The state of the immunity in chronically exposed individuals at late time after the begin of exposure is characterized by a number of specific features reflected primarily on the cellular immunity. No relationship between immunity changes and accumulated exposure dose and dose rate were noted over the period of maximum radiation exposures (1950).
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Abstract
Irradiation (IR) of cells is known to activate enzymes of mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) family. These are known to be involved in cellular response to stress and are determinants of cell death or survival. When radiotherapy is delivered to malignant cells, macrophages, being radioresistant, survive, get activated, and produce large amounts of nitric oxide. As a result of activation they recognize and phagocytose tumor and normal cell apoptotic bodies leading to tumor regression. In this study, the MAPK signaling in peritoneal macrophages was investigated which plays an important role in its various functions, in an environment which is predominantly nitric oxide, as is after IR. The behavior of macrophages in such an environment was also looked at. The three MAPK (ERK1/2, p38, and JNK) respond differently to Sodium nitroprusside (SNP) alone or IR alone. All the three were activated following IR but only JNK was activated following SNP treatment. Surprisingly, when both the stresses were given simultaneously or one after the other, this differential response was lost and there was a complete inhibition of phosphorylation of all the three MAPKs, irrespective of the order of the two insults (IR and SNP). The noteworthy observation was that despite the complete inhibition of MAPK signaling there was no effect on either the viability or the phagocytic efficiency of peritoneal macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himanshi Narang
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
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24
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Li YP, Zhou SX, Schmelz A, Bachem MG. [Molecular mechanisms of low intensity pulsed ultrasound-mediated cellular behavior in human primary macrophages]. Zhongguo Shi Yan Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi 2007; 15:1253-1256. [PMID: 18088478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the molecular mechanisms of the effect of low intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) on human primary macrophage functions. Macrophage phagocytosis was analyzed using fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labelled Escherichia coli (E.Coli); focal complex and extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN) were observed by fluorescence microscopy; the secretion of metalloproteinases (MMPs) was examined by gelatin zymography, and the expressions of EMMPRIN and extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs) were detected by Western blot. The results indicated that LIPUS accelerated macrophages to phagocytose E.Coli (29.81+/-0.36 vs 18.00+/-0.78), promoted the protein expressions of EMMPRIN and MMPs, increased the level of protein tyrosine phosphorylation, and induced the phosphorylation of ERKs. Furthermore, the above functions were only found in adherent macrophages, and were inhibited or decreased by mitogen activated protein kinase kinase (MAPK kinase, MEK) inhibitor PD98059 and RGD (Arg-Gly-Asp peptide), one of main integrin recognition sequences. It is concluded that the effect of LIPUS on macrophages depends on cell adhesion, and relates to integrin-MEK-ERK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ping Li
- Department of Pathology, Basic Medical College of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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25
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Rudik DV, Tikhomirova EI. [A study of the functional activity of macrophages of peritoneal exudate of mice exposed to low-intensity laser radiation in vitro and in vivo]. Biofizika 2007; 52:931-937. [PMID: 17969930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The effect of low-intensity laser radiation generated by semiconductor devices in the red (650 nm) and infrared (850 nm) regions of the spectrum in vitro and in vivo on the phagocytic activity and synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines by peritoneal macrophages during the phagocytosis of bacterial cells has been studied. A culture of the clinical strain of the enteropathogenic bacterium Escherichia coli was used as an object. The radiation dose was varied by changing the power and duration of exposure. The results obtained indicate that infrared low-intensity laser radiation has a stimulating effect on the phagocytic activity of macrophages. It was shown that the effect of low-intensity laser radiation on the activity of the phagocytic process, the enhancement of the adhesion of bacteria by macrophages, killing of bacteria, and the production of proinflammatory cytokines is dose-dependent. The exposure to the rays of the red region of the spectrum on phagocytizing macrophages induced a decrease in their activity; as the dose was increased, the destruction of cells was registered.
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Abstract
Mucositis in the oral cavity is a serious complication during radiation therapy for head and neck cancer, causing local discomfort and pain. In severe cases, hospitalization and interruption of radiotherapy may be necessary. The pathogenesis of this mucositis is not clear. With the purpose of getting more understanding of the pathogenesis of the mucositis, we examined the mucosal secretion from ten patients during radiotherapy with an imprint technique. In the secretion we studied the cellular composition and cellular function. In eight of ten treated patients the numbers of granulocytes increased in the secretion after 2 weeks of radiation therapy. The granulocytes, however, did not show any signs of phagocytosis. The patients all developed mucositis. We propose that the granulocytes in the secretion might play an important role in the development of mucositis during radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luaay Aziz
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 413 45, Göteborg, Sweden
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von Euw EM, Barrio MM, Furman D, Bianchini M, Levy EM, Yee C, Li Y, Wainstok R, Mordoh J. Monocyte-derived dendritic cells loaded with a mixture of apoptotic/necrotic melanoma cells efficiently cross-present gp100 and MART-1 antigens to specific CD8(+) T lymphocytes. J Transl Med 2007; 5:19. [PMID: 17448240 PMCID: PMC1863425 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-5-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2007] [Accepted: 04/20/2007] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In the present study, we demonstrate, in rigorous fashion, that human monocyte-derived immature dendritic cells (DCs) can efficiently cross-present tumor-associated antigens when co-cultured with a mixture of human melanoma cells rendered apoptotic/necrotic by γ irradiation (Apo-Nec cells). Methods We evaluated the phagocytosis of Apo-Nec cells by FACS after PKH26 and PKH67 staining of DCs and Apo-Nec cells at different times of coculture. The kinetics of the process was also followed by electron microscopy. DCs maturation was also studied monitoring the expression of specific markers, migration towards specific chemokines and the ability to cross-present in vitro the native melanoma-associated Ags MelanA/MART-1 and gp100. Results Apo-Nec cells were efficiently phagocytosed by immature DCs (iDC) (55 ± 10.5%) at 12 hs of coculture. By 12–24 hs we observed digested Apo-Nec cells inside DCs and large empty vacuoles as part of the cellular processing. Loading with Apo-Nec cells induced DCs maturation to levels achieved using LPS treatment, as measured by: i) the decrease in FITC – Dextran uptake (iDC: 81 ± 5%; DC/Apo-Nec 33 ± 12%); ii) the cell surface up-regulation of CD80, CD86, CD83, CCR7, CD40, HLA-I and HLA-II and iii) an increased in vitro migration towards MIP-3β. DC/Apo-Nec isolated from HLA-A*0201 donors were able to induce >600 pg/ml IFN-γ secretion of CTL clones specific for MelanA/MART-1 and gp100 Ags after 6 hs and up to 48 hs of coculture, demonstrating efficient cross-presentation of the native Ags. Intracellular IL-12 was detected in DC/Apo-Nec 24 hs post-coculture while IL-10 did not change. Conclusion We conclude that the use of a mixture of four apoptotic/necrotic melanoma cell lines is a suitable source of native melanoma Ags that provides maturation signals for DCs, increases migration to MIP-3β and allows Ag cross-presentation. This strategy could be exploited for vaccination of melanoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika M von Euw
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, Patricias Argentinas 435 (1405), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones Oncológicas – FUCA, Cramer 1180 (1426), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María M Barrio
- Centro de Investigaciones Oncológicas – FUCA, Cramer 1180 (1426), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - David Furman
- Centro de Investigaciones Oncológicas – FUCA, Cramer 1180 (1426), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Michele Bianchini
- Centro de Investigaciones Oncológicas – FUCA, Cramer 1180 (1426), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Estrella M Levy
- Centro de Investigaciones Oncológicas – FUCA, Cramer 1180 (1426), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cassian Yee
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Centre, Clinical Research Division, 1100 Fairview Avenue N., D3-100, Seattle, Washington 98109-1024, US
| | - Yongqing Li
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Centre, Clinical Research Division, 1100 Fairview Avenue N., D3-100, Seattle, Washington 98109-1024, US
| | - Rosa Wainstok
- Departamento Química Biológica. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - José Mordoh
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, Patricias Argentinas 435 (1405), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones Oncológicas – FUCA, Cramer 1180 (1426), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Legitimo A, Consolini R, Failli A, Fabiano S, Bencivelli W, Scatena F, Mosca F. In vitro treatment of monocytes with 8-methoxypsolaren and ultraviolet A light induces dendritic cells with a tolerogenic phenotype. Clin Exp Immunol 2007; 148:564-72. [PMID: 17386076 PMCID: PMC1941926 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2007.03372.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) has been considered an efficient dendritic cell (DC) therapy, used for treating both T cell malignancy, as well as T cell-mediated diseases. During the ECP procedure leucocytes are exposed to photoactivable agent 8-methoxypsolaren (8-MOP) and ultraviolet (UV) A radiation (PUVA) prior to reinfusion. Despite its clinical efficacy the mechanism of action remains elusive. As it has been reported that ECP might promote the differentiation of monocytes into immature DCs, we investigated the effects of UVA light (2 J/cm(2)) and 8-MOP (100 ng/ml) on in vitro monocyte-to-DC differentiation from normal donors. DCs were generated from human purified CD14(+) cells. Because monocytes are killed by PUVA and taking into account that only 5-10% of circulating mononuclear cells are exposed to PUVA during the ECP procedure, we developed an assay in which 10% of PUVA-treated monocytes were co-cultured with untreated monocytes. We first demonstrate that the presence of 10% apoptotic cells and monocyte activation were not enough to induce monocyte differentiation into DCs. Adding cytokines to our culture system, we obtained immature DCs characterized by significantly higher phagocytic activity and human leucocyte antigen D-related (HLA-DR) expression. These DCs preserved the capacity to be activated by lipopolysaccharide, but showed a reduced capacity to induce allogeneic T cell proliferation when first co-cultured with 10% of PUVA-treated cells. Our experimental design provides a novel insight into the real action of 8-MOP and UVA light on dendritic cell biology, suggesting an additional mechanism by which 8-MOP and UVA light exposure may influence immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Legitimo
- Department of Reproductive Medicine and Pediatrics, Laboratory of Immunology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Vetvicka V, Dvorak B, Vetvickova J, Richter J, Krizan J, Sima P, Yvin JC. Orally administered marine (1→3)-β-d-glucan Phycarine stimulates both humoral and cellular immunity. Int J Biol Macromol 2007; 40:291-8. [PMID: 16978690 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2006.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2006] [Revised: 08/14/2006] [Accepted: 08/17/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
(1-->3)-beta-D-Glucans represent highly conserved structural components of cell walls in yeast, fungi, or seaweed. However, it is still unknown how they mediate their effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate both intraperitoneal and oral application of seaweed-derived (1-->3)-beta-D-glucan Phycarine. Phycarine showed significant stimulation of phagocytosis by peripheral blood cells. In addition, the efficiency of chemotherapy of Lewis lung carcinoma with cyclophosphamide was potentiated by Phycarine administration. Phycarine also strongly shortened the recovery of leucopenia caused either by chemotherapy or irradiation. Besides the role in stimulation of cellular immunity, we also found a significant increase of antibody formation. Using a suckling rat model for evaluation of the absorption and tissues distribution of enterally administered (125)I-Phycarine, we found that the majority of Phycarine was detected in the stomach and duodenum 5 min after the administration. This amount sharply decreased during first 30 min. A significant amount of Phycarine entered proximal intestine in a shortly after the gavage. Its transit through proximal intestine was decreasing with time and simultaneously increasing in the ileum. Systemic blood levels were very low (less than 0.5%). Taken together, these observations suggest that Phycarine is similarly effective both after i.p. and oral application, has very strong stimulating effects on three types of experimentally induced leucopenia and stimulates both humoral and cellular branch of immune reactions. The majority of Phycarine can be detected throughout the gastrointestinal tract, supporting the feasibility of enteral administration of Phycarine in the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases.
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MESH Headings
- Administration, Oral
- Animals
- Antibody Formation/drug effects
- Antibody Formation/radiation effects
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Apoptosis/radiation effects
- Bone Marrow Cells/cytology
- Bone Marrow Cells/drug effects
- Bone Marrow Cells/radiation effects
- Carcinoma, Lewis Lung/chemically induced
- Carcinoma, Lewis Lung/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Lewis Lung/pathology
- Cell Count
- Cyclophosphamide/pharmacology
- Immunity, Cellular/drug effects
- Immunity, Cellular/radiation effects
- Injections, Intraperitoneal
- Iodine Radioisotopes
- Killer Cells, Natural/drug effects
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/radiation effects
- Leukopenia/chemically induced
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Microspheres
- Phagocytosis/drug effects
- Phagocytosis/radiation effects
- Proteoglycans
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Seaweed/metabolism
- Spleen/cytology
- Spleen/drug effects
- Spleen/radiation effects
- Thymus Gland/cytology
- Thymus Gland/drug effects
- Thymus Gland/radiation effects
- Tissue Distribution/drug effects
- beta-Glucans/administration & dosage
- beta-Glucans/pharmacokinetics
- beta-Glucans/pharmacology
- beta-Glucans/therapeutic use
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaclav Vetvicka
- University of Louisville, Department of Pathology, Louisville, KY 40202, United States.
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Gizinger OA, Dolgushin II. [Low-intensity laser effects on local immunity of female reproductive system affected with chlamidia infection]. Vopr Kurortol Fizioter Lech Fiz Kult 2006:20-3. [PMID: 17144556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Low-intensity laser impact on the main effector functions of the cervical secretion neutrophils in females suffering from Chlamidia infection has been studied. Dysfunction of neutrophil granulocytes of the cervical secretion was revealed. This manifested in the decreased number of phagocytes and lower rates of phagocytosis. The study of cervical secretion neutrophils has found that the content of active intracellular forms of oxygen was decreased in patients compared to healthy subjects. Low-intensity laser stimulated not only phagocytosis but also intracellular generation of active oxygen forms. Thus, low-intensity laser eliminates dysfunction of cervical secretion neutrophils.
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Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the present investigation was to study the effect of fractionated whole body low dose ionizing radiation (LDR) on the functional responses of T lymphocytes, their subpopulations and macrophages. MATERIALS AND METHODS C57BL/6 mice were exposed to 4 cGy from a (60)Co source, at 0.31 cGy/min, at 24 h intervals for 5 days (total dose 20 cGy). Phagocytic activity was measured by flow cytometry using Bioparticles and nitric oxide generation was estimated by spectrophotometry. Proliferation of lymphocytes in response to concanavalin A (con A) and alloantigens was measured by (3)H thymidine incorporation. Expression of cell surface markers was assessed by flow cytometric analysis of antibody labeled cells. Target cell killing by cytotoxic T cells (CTL) generated against allogenic cells was assessed by flow cytometry using PKH26 labeled target cells. Cytokines were estimated by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Exposure to LDR enhanced nitric oxide secretion and phagocytosis. The expression of early activation antigen, CD69, was enhanced in CD8(+) T lymphocytes concomitant with enhanced proliferation in response to con A. In addition, mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) and CTL response were augmented and secretion of interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) was suppressed following LDR exposure. CONCLUSIONS LDR exposure enhanced the function of macrophages and responses of CD8(+) T cells in C57BL/6 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchi Pandey
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bioscience Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Modular Laboratories, Trombay, Mumbai, India
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32
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Meo SA, Al Drees AM, Zadi SZ, Al Damgh S, Al-Tuwaijri AS. Hazards of X‐Ray Radiation on the Quantitative and Phagocytic Functions of Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils in X‐Ray Technicians. J Occup Health 2006; 48:88-92. [PMID: 16612036 DOI: 10.1539/joh.48.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Over exposure to X-ray radiation is detrimental to the living cells and may lead to development of life-threatening diseases. It is intuitive to postulate that a low level exposure may lead to functional abnormalities in human immune cells. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to study the effects of X-ray radiation on the total leukocyte count (TLC) and phagocytic activity of Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN). A group of 42 apparently healthy X-ray technicians were recruited with age ranging from 25-50 years. They were matched with another group of 42 control healthy volunteer subjects in terms of age, sex and ethnic variation. The mean exposure level of X-ray radiation in X-ray technicians was 72.4 mrem per calendar quarter and 289.6 mrem per year. TLC was performed by using a Beckman Coulter counter and phagocytic activity of whole blood and PMN was determined by measuring chemiluminescence (CL) response with a chemiluminescence luminometer. The mean value of CL response was significantly decreased (p<0.0005) in X-ray technicians, even though they had low levels of exposure, compared to their controls. However, no significant difference was observed in TLC between the two groups at this low level of exposure. Exposure to X-ray radiation decreases the physiological functions of PMN as measured by decreasing chemiluminescence response even at low levels of exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sultan A Meo
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Simkó M, Hartwig C, Lantow M, Lupke M, Mattsson MO, Rahman Q, Rollwitz J. Hsp70 expression and free radical release after exposure to non-thermal radio-frequency electromagnetic fields and ultrafine particles in human Mono Mac 6 cells. Toxicol Lett 2006; 161:73-82. [PMID: 16153791 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2005.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2005] [Revised: 08/02/2005] [Accepted: 08/05/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The contemporary urban environment has become increasingly complex in its composition, leading to discussions regarding possible novel health effects. Two factors that recently have received considerable attention are ultrafine particles (UFP; <0.1 microm) produced by combustion processes and emissions from wireless communication devices like mobile phones that emit in the radio-frequency (RF) part of the spectrum. Several studies have shown biological effects of both these exposures in various cell systems. Here we investigate if exposure to UFP (12-14 nm, 100 microg/ml) and RF-electromagnetic fields (EMF; 2 W/kg specific absorption rate (SAR); continuous wave (CW) or modulated (217Hz or GSM-nonDTX)), alone or in combination influences levels of the superoxide radical anion or the stress protein heat-shock protein (Hsp70) in the human monocyte cell line Mono Mac 6. Heat treatment (42-43 degrees C, 1h) was used as positive control for both stress reaction and for heat development in the RF exposure setup. Our results clearly show that Mono Mac 6 cells are capable to internalise UFP, and that this phagocytic activity is connected to an increased release of free radicals. This increase (40-45% above negative control) is stronger than the effect of heat treatment. On the other hand, none of the employed RF exposures showed any effects on free radical levels. Co-exposure of RF and UFP did not potentiate the UFP effect either. Our investigations showed a significantly increased Hsp70 expression level by heat treatment in a time-dependent manner, whereas UFP, RF, or UFP+RF were without any effect. Therefore, we conclude that in the investigated Mono Mac 6 cells, RF exposure alone or in combination with UFP cannot influence stress-related responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Simkó
- University of Rostock, Institute of Cell Biology and Biosystems Technology, Division of Environmental Physiology, Albert-Einstein-Str. 3, Germany.
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Hemvani N, Chitnis DS, Bhagwanani NS. Helium-Neon and Nitrogen Laser Irradiation Accelerates the Phagocytic Activity of Human Monocytes. Photomed Laser Surg 2005; 23:571-4. [PMID: 16356149 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2005.23.571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Intracellular survival of mycobacteria within monocytes is a crucial stage in the pathogenesis of tuberculosis. The aim was to check intracellular survival of Mycobacterium fortuitum within the human monocytes exposed to He-Ne and nitrogen laser irradiation. BACKGROUND DATA Tuberculosis remains one of the most important infectious diseases for developing countries. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has been tried to treat tubercular cavitory lung disease with encouraging results. The in vitro photobiological effect of low level laser radiation on the intracellular mycobacteria needs to be evaluated before we could go for large clinical trials. METHODS The aliquots of human monocytes from peripheral blood of healthy volunteers and tuberculosis cases were exposed to He-Ne or nitrogen laser beam. The non-irradiated monocytes from the same source served as controls. The monocytes were then challenged with M. fortuitum, and surviving mycobacteria within monocytes were subjected to viable counts. RESULTS Enhanced killing of mycobacterial cells was seen among monocytes exposed to He-Ne and nitrogen laser irradiation. CONCLUSIONS He-Ne and nitrogen laser irradiation activates the monocytes to increase intracellular killing of mycobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanda Hemvani
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Choithram Hospital & Research Centre, Indore, India
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Hengster P, Micke O, Haidenberger A, Auer T, Egger S, Seegenschmiedt MH, de Vries AF. Reply to the comment by C.E. Rübe on O. Mücke et al.: Irradiation causes biphasic neutrophilic granulocyte phagocytic function in: Strahlenther Onkol 2005;181:319 (No. 5). Strahlenther Onkol 2005; 181:618. [PMID: 16170492 DOI: 10.1007/s00066-005-8246-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abstract
We previously reported that oridonin, a major component isolated from the plant Rabdosia rubescens HEMSL, induced apoptosis in human melanoma A375-S2 and cervical cancer HeLa cells. In the present study, oridonin was first evaluated for its effect on phagocytosis of apoptotic cells by macrophages. Preincubation of human histocytic lymphoma U937 cell-derived macrophages with 2.7 microM oridonin significantly augmented phagocytosis of UV-irradiated (2.4 J/cm2, 4 min) U937 cells undergoing apoptosis in a dose- and time-dependent manner. However, less effect on synthetic fluoresbrite microspheres indicated that enhancement of apoptotic U937 cell uptake by oridonin was a selective effect. The oridonin-augmented phagocytosis was attenuated by anti-human TNFalpha and IL-1beta antisera, suggesting that TNFalpha and IL-1beta participate in the phagocytosis by oridonin-treated U937 cell-derived macrophages. In addition, the similar effect of phagocytosis was observed in oridonin-treated human monocyte-derived macrophages at 4 d maturation. Taken together, oridonin facilitates the phagocytic activity against apoptotic cells through TNFalpha and IL-1beta release, which may be contribute to its antitumor activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Qiu Liu
- China-Japan Research Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
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Olwell PM, Cottell DC, Ní Shúilleabháin S, Maderna P, Seymour C, Mothersill C, Lyng FM. Cytoskeletal Reorganization and Altered Phagocytotic Ability in Primary Cultures of Rainbow Trout Hemopoietic Tissue Exposed to Low-Level Ionizing Radiation. Radiat Res 2005; 164:45-52. [PMID: 15966764 DOI: 10.1667/rr3386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
It has long been known that the hematopoietic tissue of mammals is one of the most radiosensitive tissues. In vitro studies on prawns have also shown that low doses of radiation have an extremely deleterious effect on cells cultured from this animal's blood-forming tissues. This raises questions about the relative effects of radiation in animals of different species. One of the most important aquatic animals, from both an economic and an ecological point of view, is the fish. With this in mind, primary cultures of the blood-forming tissues of rainbow trout were exposed to radiation followed by a morphological comparison between control and irradiated cultures. The cultured cells were characterized as macrophages after incubation with apoptotic human polymorphonuclear leukocytes and were classified as phagocytotic leukocytes. These cells were found in two morphological forms, stretched and rounded. It was shown that there was a commensurate increase in the number of stretched cells after irradiation. Radiation was also shown to cause a dose-dependent increase in the amounts of apoptosis in these cells over time. The phagocytotic efficacy of these cells was shown to inhibited by the exposure to low doses of radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter M Olwell
- Radiation and Environmental Science Centre, FOCAS, Dublin Institute of Technology, Dublin 8, Ireland.
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Kress H, Stelzer EHK, Griffiths G, Rohrbach A. Control of relative radiation pressure in optical traps: application to phagocytic membrane binding studies. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2005; 71:061927. [PMID: 16089785 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.71.061927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2005] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We show how to control the relative radiation pressure and thereby the stable trap position of an optically trapped bead by variation of the mean incident axial photon momentum. The thermal position fluctuations of a trapped bead are recorded by a three-dimensional back-focal-plane interferometry. The interferometric detection signals are in agreement with predictions based on an extended Mie theory. Depending on the application, the unique and linear range of such a detection system can be optimized by controlling the trap position of the bead. We use this method to investigate in three dimensions the binding of beads to membranes of living cells during phagocytosis. We found that independent of the bead coating (IgG, complement, LPS, avidin) the most frequent initial mechanical response of the cell was a downward pulling of the bead into the cell. The time delay between binding and response was on average 2 s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Kress
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Micke O, Haidenberger A, Auer T, Egger S, Seegenschmiedt MH, Hengster P, DeVries AF. Irradiation Causes Biphasic Neutrophilic Granulocyte Phagocytic Function*. Strahlenther Onkol 2005; 181:313-8; discussion 319. [PMID: 15900427 DOI: 10.1007/s00066-005-1346-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2004] [Accepted: 11/29/2004] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The anti-inflammatory effect of low-dose radiotherapy is clinically well described. Nevertheless, until now neither the optimal dose nor the background of tissue reactions have been defined. The current study examines the influence of low radiation doses on neutrophilic granulocyte function, which could be helpful in finding the optimal dose for either stimulation or suppression of anti-inflammatory activity. MATERIAL AND METHODS Lymphoprep density gradient-purified neutrophilic granulocytes of three voluntary, healthy donors were used for all experiments. Granulocytes were incubated 48 h in RPMI 1640 and irradiated with single doses of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, 4.0, 6.0, and 12 Gy using a (137)Cs IBL 437L irradiator. Their function was assessed by measuring granulocytic release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) with luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence after stimulation with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). RESULTS Relative changes of ROS release (ROS release before stimulation was set to 100%) increased after stimulation with PMA (mean +/- standard deviation [SD]): 0 Gy: 147.6% +/- 60%; 0.5 Gy: 153.6% +/- 70%; 1.0 Gy: 164.9% +/- 63%; 1.5 Gy: 177.8% +/- 66%; 2.0 Gy: 162.5% +/- 57%; 2.5 Gy: 156.2% +/- 60%; 3.0 Gy: 159.2% +/- 60%; 3.5 Gy: 126.9% +/- 55%; 4.0 Gy: 137.9% +/- 71%; 6.0 Gy: 148.3% +/- 65%; 12.0 Gy: 156.1% +/- 52%. The relative ROS release showed a significant increase at 1.5 Gy (p < 0.001) after PMA stimulation and a significant decrease of ROS release at 3.5 Gy (p < 0.005) and less markedly at 4.0 Gy (p < 0.05). 6.0 and 12.0 Gy showed a significant (p < 0.05) increase again. CONCLUSION This ex vivo in vitro study on native human neutrophilic granulocytes shows an increase at 1.5 Gy and a significant decrease of granulocyte function at 3.5 and 4.0 Gy, as it was described for different other phenomena in low-dose radiotherapy. These results may provide a further explanation for the local anti-inflammatory effect of low-dose ionizing irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Micke
- Department of Radiotherapy, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany.
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Byrne SN, Halliday GM. B cells activated in lymph nodes in response to ultraviolet irradiation or by interleukin-10 inhibit dendritic cell induction of immunity. J Invest Dermatol 2005; 124:570-8. [PMID: 15737198 DOI: 10.1111/j.0022-202x.2005.23615.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation suppresses systemic immunity. We explored these cellular mechanisms by exposing mice to systemically immunosuppressive doses of UV radiation and then analyzing cell phenotype and function in the lymphoid organs. Although UV radiation increased total cell number in the draining lymph nodes (DLN), it did not alter the activation state of dendritic cells (DC). Rather, UV radiation selectively activated lymph node B cells, with these cells being larger and expressing higher levels of both anti-major histocompatibility complex II and B220 but not co-stimulatory molecules. This phenotype resembled that of a B cell geared toward immune tolerance. To test whether UV radiation-activated B cells were responsible for immunosuppression, DC and B cells were conjugated to antigen ex vivo and transferred into naive hosts. Although DC by themselves activated T cells, when the B cells from UV radiation-irradiated mice were co-injected with DC, they suppressed DC activation of immunity. Interleukin (IL)-10-activated B cells also suppressed DC induction of immunity, suggesting that IL-10 may be involved in this suppressive effect of UV radiation. These results demonstrate a new mechanism of UV radiation immunosuppression whereby UV radiation activates B cells in the skin-DLN that can suppress DC activation of T cell-mediated immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott N Byrne
- Department of Medicine, Dermatology Research Laboratories, Melanoma and Skin Cancer Research Institute, Sydney Cancer Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital at the University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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McLoone P, Norval M. Adaptation to the UV-induced suppression of phagocytic activity in murine peritoneal macrophages following chronic exposure to solar simulated radiation. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2005; 4:792-7. [PMID: 16189553 DOI: 10.1039/b503094c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Exposure of certain strains of mice to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is known to suppress both local and systemic immune responses, including a reduction in the phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophages. However, in many instances, the immunological effects have been observed following a single or a limited number of doses of UVR from sources containing a higher proportion of UVB than that emitted by the sun. The first aim of the present study was to establish whether a single exposure of C3H/HeN mice to solar simulated radiation (SSR) suppressed the ability of the peritoneal macrophages to phagocytose opsonised sheep red blood cells. The mice were irradiated with SSR from Cleo Natural lamps and a single dose of 31.9 J cm(-2) was found to be the minimal dose for significant suppression of macrophage phagocytic activity. Such a dose did not modulate the surface expression of I-A(k), CD11b, CD86 or FcgammaRII/III (CD32/16) on the macrophages. The second aim was to assess whether repeated SSR exposures with a dose below the minimal immunosuppressive dose affected macrophage activity and, if so, to test for photoadaptation by repeated exposures followed by a single, normally immunosuppressive dose of SSR, and then assaying the macrophage activity. Groups of mice were irradiated on each of 2, 10 and 30 days with 14.9 J cm(-2) SSR, followed in some instances by a single additional exposure of 31.9 J cm(-2) on the same day as the last irradiation. The phagocytic activity of the peritoneal macrophages was tested 24 h later. It was reduced by 32%, 18% and 4% respectively after 2, 10 and 30 repeated exposures to SSR, and by 39%, 21% and 7% respectively after 2, 10 and 30 repeated exposures plus the additional higher dose at the end. Thus, although the macrophage activity was initially suppressed by the SSR, photoadaptation of this immune parameter occurred following repeated exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline McLoone
- Medical Microbiology, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, ScotlandEH8 9AG
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Abstract
Effects of various physical factors of electromagnetic nature on the synthetic and phagocytic activities of neutrophils were studied in vitro on the blood of patients with breast cancer. We found that alternating magnetic field, low-intensity laser, photodiod radiation, and their combinations induced mobilization of blood neutrophil function.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Sheiko
- Rostov Cancer Institute, Ministry of Health of Russia, Rostov-on-Don
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43
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Abstract
To explore the biological effects of light on trabecular cells, cultured bovine trabecular cells were exposed to visible light of different wavelength with different energy. Cellular morphology, structure, proliferation, and phagocytosis were observed. The cells showed no remarkable changes when the energy was low. When the exposure energy reached 1.12 mW/cm2, the cytoplasm showed a rough appearance, and cell proliferation and phagocytosis decreased. This phototoxicity was strong with white light (compound chromatic light), moderate with violet light or yellow light, and mild with red light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fagang Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
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44
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Burduli NM, Gutnova SK. [State of humoral immunity and phagocytic activity of neutrophils in patients with ulcer and effect of low-intensity laser therapy]. Eksp Klin Gastroenterol 2004:29-32, 108. [PMID: 15568664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
The aim of our investigation was to study the influence of low-intensity laser therapy at the immunologic parameters and Helicobacter pylori (HP) microbial contamination in patients with exacerbation of peptic and duodenal ulcer. 100 patients aged 18-65 were examined and divided into 2 groups. The experimental group (75 patients) underwent a complex drug and laser therapy of various therapeutic techniques. The control group (25 patients) underwent only drug therapy. The results of this study show the immunocorrective effect of different methods of low-intensity laser therapy in the exacerbation period and more essential decrease of HP microbial contamination in the experimental group.
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45
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Abstract
Studies have shown that He-Ne laser irradiation can affect the biological functions of macrophages. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of He-Ne laser irradiation on the various functional parameters of macrophages and look for possible correlations in the effects to understand the mechanisms involved. Mice peritoneal macrophages were irradiated with a He-Ne laser (632.8 nm, approximately 10 W m(-2)) at energy densities ranging from 100 to 600 J m(-2) and the activities of lysozyme and cathepsin, phagocytosis, and cell spreading (markers of cell activation), as well as changes in NAD(P)H autofluorescence, were monitored. He-Ne laser irradiation was observed to lead to significant changes in all the parameters investigated. While lysozyme activity and spreading of the peripheral membrane were found to increase with the irradiation dose over the dose range investigated, the phagocytotic activity of macrophages, the activity of cathepsin, the observed decease in cell membrane fluidity and the observed increase in NAD(P)H level showed a peak at 200 J m(-2). Possible reasons for and the significance of the observed correlations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Dube
- Biomedical Applications Section, Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore 452013, India
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46
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Khamrabaeva FI, Aliavi AL. [Laser infrared irradiation in the complex treatment of gastroduodenal ulcer]. Vopr Kurortol Fizioter Lech Fiz Kult 2003:33-5. [PMID: 14753013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
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47
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Tratsk KS, Thanos S. UV irradiation causes multiple cellular changes in cultured human retinal pigment epithelium cells. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2003; 241:852-9. [PMID: 12942238 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-003-0747-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2003] [Revised: 06/13/2003] [Accepted: 06/16/2003] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The retinal pigment epithelium maybe causally involved in the development and progression of age-related macula degeneration; however, the mechanisms leading to the development of age-related macula degeneration remain largely unknown. The purpose of this study was to examine cellular changes in the retinal pigment epithelium induced by direct irradiation with UV light in culture. METHODS Retinal pigment epithelium cells from post-mortem human retinas were used to obtain dissociated cultures with cells retaining the ability to differentiate in vitro. These cells were cultured over several days to weeks. The UV radiation (UV-A and UV-B) occurred under sterile conditions with a 100 HBO/mercury bulb attached to a dissecting microscope, delivering co-axial illumination. The time dependence of irradiation effects was analysed using morphometric, immunohistochemical, functional and apoptosis-detecting techniques. RESULTS Vital and proliferating retinal pigment epithelium cell cultures could be prepared consistently. The cells showed tissue-specific morphologies in vitro for several days to weeks. Pigment epithelium-derived factor was detected in these cells using immunocytochemistry and Western blots. The UV irradiation but not white light resulted in measurable alterations of cell shape and size. The irradiated cells showed partial swelling and shrinkage reminiscent of progressing apoptotic degeneration. TUNEL staining revealed that apoptosis was induced by UV light, but not detectably by white light. The phagocytosis of fluorescent micro-particles diminished after irradiation. These effects were dependent on the duration of irradiation. CONCLUSIONS Cultures of retinal pigment epithelium are suitable and sensitive models to study cell damage and may contribute to unravelling the pathogenetic mechanisms of retinal degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla S Tratsk
- University Hospital, University Federal of Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário, 88040-970 Florianópolis SC, Brazil
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48
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Lushnikov KV, Gapeedv AV, Shumilina IV, Shibaev NV, Sadovnikov VB, Chmeris NK. [Decrease in the intensity of the cellular immune response and nonspecific inflammation upon exposure to extremely high frequency electromagnetic radiation]. Biofizika 2003; 48:918-25. [PMID: 14582420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
The effect of low-intensity extremely high-frequency electromagnetic radiation (EHF EMR, 42.0 GHz, 0.1 mW/cm2, 20 min daily) on cell-mediated immunity and nonspecific inflammatory response in mice was studied. The intensity of cell-mediated immune response in the reaction of delayed-type hypersensitivity and nonspecific inflammation was estimated by a relative increase in the thickness of foot pad after immunization of animals by sheep red blood cells or zymosan. It was shown for the first time that the radiation reduces both immune and nonspecific inflammatory responses. It was shown with the use of models of acute inflammation and full-thickness skin wounds that EHF EMR suppresses the nonspecific inflammatory response but does not influence the duration of the pathological process. We suppose that the basis of the effects revealed is the modification of functional activity of phagocytic cells under the influence of EHF EMR. The results suggest that some therapeutic effects of EHF EMR can be realized via the inhibition of inflammatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- K V Lushnikov
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290 Russia
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49
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Vel'sher LZ, Podkolzin AA, Stakhanov ML, Gorchak II, Zharov VP, Meniaev IA, Zmievskoĭ GN, Rozhdestvin VN. [A combined method for wound treatment based on low intensity irradiation and ultrasound ]. Med Tekh 2003:21-6. [PMID: 14603846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
A new combined photoultrasonic technique is suggested for the treatment of infectious injuries. The experiments were implemented on 70 male chinchilla rabbits (7 groups). The dynamics and nature of injuries' healing were analyzed by clinical pathomorphological and histochemical data as well as by biopsy samplings and capillaroscopy of injuries' edges. The experimental results of animals' models demonstrated a high efficiency of the combined photoultrasonic treatment as applicable to the above injuries.
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50
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Tasat DR, Mancuso R, Molinari BL, Saint-Martin G, Pérez de la Hoz A, Bernaola OA, Kreiner AJ, Schuff JA, Palmieri M, Mazal A, Stoliar P, Burlón A, Davidson M, Davidson J, Debray ME, Kesque JM, Somacal H, Naab G, Ozafrán MJ, Vazquez ME. Low energy proton irradiation effects on alveolar macrophages from young and aged rats. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 2003; 49 Online Pub:OL387-92. [PMID: 14995066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
A prospective study was undertaken to assess the radiotoxicity of accelerated particles in pulmonary alveolar macrophages (AM). We evaluated the effects of a single dose (10-75 Gy) of an external low-energy (20 MeV) proton beam on cultured AM oxidative metabolism and phagocytic function. Macrophages are the first line of defense against invading pathogens and are known to generate superoxide anion (O2), nitric oxide (NO), and mediators of antimicrobial and antitumoral defense mechanisms. We obtained AM by bronchoalveolar lavage from young (1-2 month old) and aged (9-12 month old) male Wistar rats. Cell viability, phagocytosis, O2 and NO production in control and proton-irradiated cultured AM were evaluated The effect of proton irradiation on cell viability was dose-dependent The higher doses induced a dramatic decrease in viability in the aged population. Phagocytosis increased 1.3-1.4 fold inboth populations irrespective of the dose delivered. Generation of O2 was always higher in the aged population for all the doses assayed and showed no significant variation from the control values. In the young population a clear increase was observed with doses of 25 and 50 Gy. NO production in AM from young animals rose in a dose-dependent manner. Conversely, proton irradiation did not affect NO production in macrophages from aged animals. The results of this study demonstrate that AM isolated from young and aged rats are functionally different and show a distinct behavior when exposed to proton irradiation. These findings suggest that age may condition response and must be taken into account when accelerated particle-radiotherapy protocols are considered as a valid therapeutic option for the treatment of cancer. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report comparing sham-irradiated and proton-irradiated young and aged AM.
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Tasat
- School of Science and Technology, National University of General San Martin, Alem 3901 (1651) San Andrés, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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