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Wu M, Bian X, Huang B, Du Y, Hu S, Wang Y, Shen J, Wu S. HD-Zip proteins modify floral structures for self-pollination in tomato. Science 2024; 384:124-130. [PMID: 38574141 DOI: 10.1126/science.adl1982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Cleistogamy is a type of self-pollination that relies on the formation of a stigma-enclosing floral structure. We identify three homeodomain-leucine zipper IV (HD-Zip IV) genes that coordinately promote the formation of interlocking trichomes at the anther margin to unite neighboring anthers, generating a closed anther cone and cleistogamy (flower morphology necessitating strict self-pollination). These HD-Zip IV genes also control style length by regulating the transition from cell division to endoreduplication. The expression of these HD-Zip IV genes and their downstream gene, Style 2.1, was sequentially modified to shape the cleistogamy morphology during tomato evolution and domestication. Our results provide insights into the molecular basis of cleistogamy in modern tomato and suggest targets for improving fruit set and preventing pollen contamination in genetically modified crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minliang Wu
- College of Horticulture, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xinxin Bian
- College of Horticulture, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Benben Huang
- College of Horticulture, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yadi Du
- College of Horticulture, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Shourong Hu
- College of Horticulture, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yanli Wang
- College of Horticulture, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Jingyuan Shen
- College of Horticulture, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Shuang Wu
- College of Horticulture, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
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2
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Liu Y, Vasina VV, Kraner ME, Peters WS, Sonnewald U, Knoblauch M. Proteomics of isolated sieve tubes from Nicotiana tabacum: sieve element-specific proteins reveal differentiation of the endomembrane system. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2112755119. [PMID: 34983847 PMCID: PMC8740716 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2112755119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Symplasmicly connected cells called sieve elements form a network of tubes in the phloem of vascular plants. Sieve elements have essential functions as they provide routes for photoassimilate distribution, the exchange of developmental signals, and the coordination of defense responses. Nonetheless, they are the least understood main type of plant cells. They are extremely sensitive, possess a reduced endomembrane system without Golgi apparatus, and lack nuclei and translation machineries, so that transcriptomics and similar techniques cannot be applied. Moreover, the analysis of phloem exudates as a proxy for sieve element composition is marred by methodological problems. We developed a simple protocol for the isolation of sieve elements from leaves and stems of Nicotiana tabacum at sufficient amounts for large-scale proteome analysis. By quantifying the enrichment of individual proteins in purified sieve element relative to bulk phloem preparations, proteins of increased likelyhood to function specifically in sieve elements were identified. To evaluate the validity of this approach, yellow fluorescent protein constructs of genes encoding three of the candidate proteins were expressed in plants. Tagged proteins occurred exclusively in sieve elements. Two of them, a putative cytochrome b561/ferric reductase and a reticulon-like protein, appeared restricted to segments of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) that were inaccessible to green fluorescent protein dissolved in the ER lumen, suggesting a previously unknown differentiation of the endomembrane system in sieve elements. Evidently, our list of promising candidate proteins ( SI Appendix, Table S1) provides a valuable exploratory tool for sieve element biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99154
| | - Viktoriya V Vasina
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99154
| | - Max E Kraner
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Winfried S Peters
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99154
- Department of Biology, Purdue University Fort Wayne, Fort Wayne, IN 46835
| | - Uwe Sonnewald
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Knoblauch
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99154;
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3
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Huang LF, Sinaga DS, Tan CC, Hsieh SJM, Huang CH. Expression of Recombinant Human Octamer-Binding Transcription Factor 4 in Rice Suspension Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031409. [PMID: 33573352 PMCID: PMC7866794 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The rice cell suspension culture system is a good way to produce recombinant human proteins, owing to its high biosafety and low production cost. Human Octamer-binding Transcription Factor 4 (Oct4) is a fundamental transcription factor responsible for maintaining human pluripotent embryonic stem cells. Recombinant Oct4 protein has been used to induce pluripotent stem cells. In this study, recombinant Oct4 proteins are produced via a sugar starvation-inducible αAmy3/RAmy3D promoter-signal peptide-based rice recombinant protein expression system. Oct4 mRNAs accumulate in the transgenic rice suspension cells under sugar starvation. The Oct4 recombinant protein is detected in the transgenic rice suspension cells, and its highest yield is approximately 0.41% of total cellular soluble proteins after one day of sugar starvation. The rice cell-synthesized recombinant human Oct4 protein show DNA-binding activity in vitro, which implies that the protein structure is correct for enabling specific binding to the target DNA motif.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Fen Huang
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Yuan Ze University, 135 Yuan-Tung Road, Zhongli, Taoyuan County 320, Taiwan; (D.S.S.); (C.-C.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-3-463-8800 (ext. 2189); Fax: +886-3-433-4667
| | - Desyanti Saulina Sinaga
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Yuan Ze University, 135 Yuan-Tung Road, Zhongli, Taoyuan County 320, Taiwan; (D.S.S.); (C.-C.T.)
| | - Chia-Chun Tan
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Yuan Ze University, 135 Yuan-Tung Road, Zhongli, Taoyuan County 320, Taiwan; (D.S.S.); (C.-C.T.)
- Taiwan Advance Bio-Pharmaceutical Inc., 12F, No. 25, Ln. 169, Kangning St, Xizhi Dist., New Taipei City 221, Taiwan; (S.-J.M.H.); (C.-H.H.)
| | - Shu-Ju Micky Hsieh
- Taiwan Advance Bio-Pharmaceutical Inc., 12F, No. 25, Ln. 169, Kangning St, Xizhi Dist., New Taipei City 221, Taiwan; (S.-J.M.H.); (C.-H.H.)
| | - Chi-Hung Huang
- Taiwan Advance Bio-Pharmaceutical Inc., 12F, No. 25, Ln. 169, Kangning St, Xizhi Dist., New Taipei City 221, Taiwan; (S.-J.M.H.); (C.-H.H.)
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4
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Fang H, Wright T, Jinn JR, Guo W, Zhang N, Wang X, Wang YJ, Xu J. Engineering hydroxyproline-O-glycosylated biopolymers to reconstruct the plant cell wall for improved biomass processability. Biotechnol Bioeng 2020; 117:945-958. [PMID: 31930479 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Reconstructing the chemical and structural characteristics of the plant cell wall represents a promising solution to overcoming lignocellulosic biomass recalcitrance to biochemical deconstruction. This study aims to leverage hydroxyproline (Hyp)-O-glycosylation, a process unique to plant cell wall glycoproteins, as an innovative technology for de novo design and engineering in planta of Hyp-O-glycosylated biopolymers (HypGP) that facilitate plant cell wall reconstruction. HypGP consisting of 18 tandem repeats of "Ser-Hyp-Hyp-Hyp-Hyp" motif or (SP4)18 was designed and engineered into tobacco plants as a fusion peptide with either a reporter protein enhanced green fluorescence protein or the catalytic domain of a thermophilic E1 endoglucanase (E1cd) from Acidothermus cellulolyticus. The engineered (SP4)18 module was extensively Hyp-O-glycosylated with arabino-oligosaccharides, which facilitated the deposition of the fused protein/enzyme in the cell wall matrix and improved the accumulation of the protein/enzyme in planta by 1.5-11-fold. The enzyme activity of the recombinant E1cd was not affected by the fused (SP4)18 module, showing an optimal temperature of 80°C and optimal pH between 5 and 8. The plant biomass engineered with the (SP4)18 -tagged protein/enzyme increased the biomass saccharification efficiency by up to 3.5-fold without having adverse impact on the plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Fang
- Arkansas Biosciences Institute, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, Arkansas
- College of Agriculture, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, Arkansas
| | - Tristen Wright
- Department of Biological Sciences, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, Arkansas
| | - Jia-Rong Jinn
- Department of Food Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas
| | - Wenzheng Guo
- Arkansas Biosciences Institute, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, Arkansas
| | - Ningning Zhang
- Arkansas Biosciences Institute, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, Arkansas
- Department of Biological Sciences, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, Arkansas
| | - Xiaoting Wang
- Arkansas Biosciences Institute, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, Arkansas
- Department of Biological Sciences, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, Arkansas
| | - Ya-Jane Wang
- Department of Food Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas
| | - Jianfeng Xu
- Arkansas Biosciences Institute, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, Arkansas
- College of Agriculture, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, Arkansas
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5
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Jin X, Baysal C, Gao L, Medina V, Drapal M, Ni X, Sheng Y, Shi L, Capell T, Fraser PD, Christou P, Zhu C. The subcellular localization of two isopentenyl diphosphate isomerases in rice suggests a role for the endoplasmic reticulum in isoprenoid biosynthesis. Plant Cell Rep 2020; 39:119-133. [PMID: 31679061 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-019-02479-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Both OsIPPI1 and OsIPPI2 enzymes are found in the endoplasmic reticulum, providing novel important insights into the role of this compartment in the synthesis of MVA pathway isoprenoids. Isoprenoids are synthesized from the precursor's isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) and dimethylallyl diphosphosphate (DMAPP), which are interconverted by the enzyme isopentenyl diphosphate isomerase (IPPI). Many plants express multiple isoforms of IPPI, the only enzyme shared by the mevalonate (MVA) and non-mevalonate (MEP) pathways, but little is known about their specific roles. Rice (Oryza sativa) has two IPPI isoforms (OsIPPI1 and OsIPPI2). We, therefore, carried out a comprehensive comparison of IPPI gene expression, protein localization, and isoprenoid biosynthesis in this species. We found that OsIPPI1 mRNA was more abundant than OsIPPI2 mRNA in all tissues, and its expression in de-etiolated leaves mirrored the accumulation of phytosterols, suggesting a key role in the synthesis of MVA pathway isoprenoids. We investigated the subcellular localization of both isoforms by constitutively expressing them as fusions with synthetic green fluorescent protein. Both proteins localized to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) as well as peroxisomes and mitochondria, whereas only OsIPPI2 was detected in plastids, due to an N-terminal transit peptide which is not present in OsIPPI1. Despite the plastidial location of OsIPPI2, the expression of OsIPPI2 mRNA did not mirror the accumulation of chlorophylls or carotenoids, indicating that OsIPPI2 may be a redundant component of the MEP pathway. The detection of both OsIPPI isoforms in the ER indicates that DMAPP can be synthesized de novo in this compartment. Our work shows that the ER plays an as yet unknown role in the synthesis of MVA-derived isoprenoids, with important implications for the metabolic engineering of isoprenoid biosynthesis in higher plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Jin
- Department of Plant Production and Forestry Science, University of Lleida-Agrotecnio Center, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure, 191, 25198, Lleida, Spain
| | - Can Baysal
- Department of Plant Production and Forestry Science, University of Lleida-Agrotecnio Center, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure, 191, 25198, Lleida, Spain
| | - Lihong Gao
- School of Life Sciences, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, 130032, China
| | - Vicente Medina
- Department of Plant Production and Forestry Science, University of Lleida-Agrotecnio Center, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure, 191, 25198, Lleida, Spain
| | - Margit Drapal
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham Hill, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Xiuzhen Ni
- School of Life Sciences, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, 130032, China
| | - Yanmin Sheng
- School of Life Sciences, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, 130032, China
| | - Lianxuan Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Teresa Capell
- Department of Plant Production and Forestry Science, University of Lleida-Agrotecnio Center, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure, 191, 25198, Lleida, Spain
| | - Paul D Fraser
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham Hill, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Paul Christou
- Department of Plant Production and Forestry Science, University of Lleida-Agrotecnio Center, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure, 191, 25198, Lleida, Spain
- ICREA, Catalan Institute for Research and Advanced Studies, Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Changfu Zhu
- Department of Plant Production and Forestry Science, University of Lleida-Agrotecnio Center, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure, 191, 25198, Lleida, Spain.
- School of Life Sciences, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, 130032, China.
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6
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Li M, Cheng C, Zhang X, Zhou S, Wang C, Ma C, Yang S. PpNAC187 Enhances Lignin Synthesis in 'Whangkeumbae' Pear ( Pyrus pyrifolia) 'Hard-End' Fruit. Molecules 2019; 24:E4338. [PMID: 31783586 PMCID: PMC6930614 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24234338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A disorder in pears that is known as 'hard-end' fruit affects the appearance, edible quality, and market value of pear fruit. RNA-Seq was carried out on the calyx end of 'Whangkeumbae' pear fruit with and without the hard-end symptom to explore the mechanism underlying the formation of hard-end. The results indicated that the genes in the phenylpropanoid pathway affecting lignification were up-regulated in hard-end fruit. An analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) identified three NAC transcription factors, and RT-qPCR analysis of PpNAC138, PpNAC186, and PpNAC187 confirmed that PpNAC187 gene expression was correlated with the hard-end disorder in pear fruit. A transient increase in PpNAC187 was observed in the calyx end of 'Whangkeumbae' fruit when they began to exhibit hard-end symptom. Concomitantly, the higher level of PpCCR and PpCOMT transcripts was observed, which are the key genes in lignin biosynthesis. Notably, lignin content in the stem and leaf tissues of transgenic tobacco overexpressing PpNAC187 was significantly higher than in the control plants that were transformed with an empty vector. Furthermore, transgenic tobacco overexpressing PpNAC187 had a larger number of xylem vessel elements. The results of this study confirmed that PpNAC187 functions in inducing lignification in pear fruit during the development of the hard-end disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingtong Li
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, No. 700 Changcheng Road, Chengyang, Qingdao 266109, China; (M.L.); (C.C.); (X.Z.); (C.W.); (C.M.)
| | - Chenxia Cheng
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, No. 700 Changcheng Road, Chengyang, Qingdao 266109, China; (M.L.); (C.C.); (X.Z.); (C.W.); (C.M.)
| | - Xinfu Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, No. 700 Changcheng Road, Chengyang, Qingdao 266109, China; (M.L.); (C.C.); (X.Z.); (C.W.); (C.M.)
| | - Suping Zhou
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture, Tennessee State University, 3500 John Merritt Blvd, Nashville, TN 37209, USA;
| | - Caihong Wang
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, No. 700 Changcheng Road, Chengyang, Qingdao 266109, China; (M.L.); (C.C.); (X.Z.); (C.W.); (C.M.)
| | - Chunhui Ma
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, No. 700 Changcheng Road, Chengyang, Qingdao 266109, China; (M.L.); (C.C.); (X.Z.); (C.W.); (C.M.)
| | - Shaolan Yang
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, No. 700 Changcheng Road, Chengyang, Qingdao 266109, China; (M.L.); (C.C.); (X.Z.); (C.W.); (C.M.)
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7
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Zhang C, Wang X, Liu X, Fan Y, Zhang Y, Zhou X, Li W. A Novel ' Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus'-Encoded Sec-Dependent Secretory Protein Suppresses Programmed Cell Death in Nicotiana benthamiana. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E5802. [PMID: 31752214 PMCID: PMC6888338 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus' (CLas) is one of the causal agents of citrus Huanglongbing (HLB), a bacterial disease of citrus trees that greatly reduces fruit yield and quality. CLas strains produce an array of currently uncharacterized Sec-dependent secretory proteins. In this study, the conserved chromosomally encoded protein CLIBASIA_03875 was identified as a novel Sec-dependent secreted protein. We show that CLIBASIA_03875 contains a putative Sec- secretion signal peptide (SP), a 29 amino acid residue located at the N-terminus, with a mature protein (m3875) of 22 amino acids found to localize in multiple subcellular components of the leaf epidermal cells of Nicotiana benthamiana. When overexpressed via a Potato virus X (PVX)-based expression vector in N. benthamiana, m3875 suppressed programmed cell death (PCD) and the H2O2 accumulation triggered by the pro-apoptotic mouse protein BAX and the Phytophthora infestans elicitin INF1. Overexpression also resulted in a phenotype of dwarfing, leaf deformation and mosaics, suggesting that m3875 has roles in plant immune response, growth, and development. Substitution mutagenesis of the charged amino acid (D7, R9, R11, and K22) with alanine within m3875 did not recover the phenotypes for PCD and normal growth. In addition, the transiently overexpressed m3875 regulated the transcriptional levels of N. benthamiana orthologs of CNGCs (cyclic nucleotide-gated channels), BI-1 (Bax-inhibitor 1), and WRKY33 that are involved in plant defense mechanisms. To our knowledge, m3875 is the first PCD suppressor identified from CLas. Studying the function of this protein provides insight as to how CLas attenuates the host immune responses to proliferate and cause Huanglongbing disease in citrus plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100094, China;
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (X.L.); (Y.F.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400712, China;
| | - Xuelu Liu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (X.L.); (Y.F.); (Y.Z.)
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400712, China;
| | - Yanyan Fan
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (X.L.); (Y.F.); (Y.Z.)
- College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Yongqiang Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (X.L.); (Y.F.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Xueping Zhou
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100094, China;
| | - Weimin Li
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (X.L.); (Y.F.); (Y.Z.)
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8
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Kelley ZD, Rogers DT, Littleton JM, Lynn BC. Microfluidic capillary zone electrophoresis mass spectrometry analysis of alkaloids in Lobelia cardinalis transgenic and mutant plant cell cultures. Electrophoresis 2019; 40:2921-2928. [PMID: 31475363 PMCID: PMC7959097 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201900220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Application of a microfluidic CE* device for CZE-MS allows for fast, rapid, and in-depth analysis of large sample sets. This microfluidic CZE-MS device, the 908 Devices ZipChip, involves minimal sample preparation and is ideal for small cation analytes, such as alkaloids. Here, we evaluated the microfluidic device for the analysis of alkaloids from Lobelia cardinalis hairy root cultures. Extracts from wild-type, transgenic, and selected mutant plant cultures were analyzed and data batch processed using the mass spectral processing software MZmine2 and the statistical software Prism 8. In total 139 features were detected as baseline resolved peaks via the MZmine2 software optimized for the electrophoretic separations. Statistically significant differences in the relative abundance of the primary alkaloid lobinaline (C27 H34 N2 ), along with several putative "lobinaline-like" molecules were observed utilizing this approach. Additionally, a method for performing both targeted and untargeted MS/MS experiments using the microfluidic device was developed and evaluated. Coupling data-processing software with CZE-MS data acquisition has enabled comprehensive metabolomic profiles from plant cell cultures to be constructed within a single working day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary D Kelley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | | | - John M Littleton
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Naprogenix Inc., Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Bert C Lynn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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9
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Blanco NE, Liebsch D, Guinea Díaz M, Strand Å, Whelan J. Dual and dynamic intracellular localization of Arabidopsis thaliana SnRK1.1. J Exp Bot 2019; 70:2325-2338. [PMID: 30753728 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Sucrose non-fermenting 1 (SNF1)-related protein kinase 1.1 (SnRK1.1; also known as KIN10 or SnRK1α) has been identified as the catalytic subunit of the complex SnRK1, the Arabidopsis thaliana homologue of a central integrator of energy and stress signalling in eukaryotes dubbed AMPK/Snf1/SnRK1. A nuclear localization of SnRK1.1 has been previously described and is in line with its function as an integrator of energy and stress signals. Here, using two biological models (Nicotiana benthamiana and Arabidopsis thaliana), native regulatory sequences, different microscopy techniques, and manipulations of cellular energy status, it was found that SnRK1.1 is localized dynamically between the nucleus and endoplasmic reticulum (ER). This distribution was confirmed at a spatial and temporal level by co-localization studies with two different fluorescent ER markers, one of them being the SnRK1.1 phosphorylation target HMGR. The ER and nuclear localization displayed a dynamic behaviour in response to perturbations of the plastidic electron transport chain. These results suggest that an ER-associated SnRK1.1 fraction might be sensing the cellular energy status, being a point of crosstalk with other ER stress regulatory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás E Blanco
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (CEFOBI-CONICET/UNR), Rosario, Argentina
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiologyogy, Umeå University, Sweden
| | - Daniela Liebsch
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiologyogy, Umeå University, Sweden
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR-CONICET), Rosario, Argentina
| | - Manuel Guinea Díaz
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Åsa Strand
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiologyogy, Umeå University, Sweden
| | - James Whelan
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Science, School of Life Sciences, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
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10
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Klíma P, Čermák V, Srba M, Müller K, Petrášek J, Šonka J, Fischer L, Opatrný Z. Plant Cell Lines in Cell Morphogenesis Research: From Phenotyping to -Omics. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1992:367-376. [PMID: 31148052 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9469-4_25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Here we provide an overview of procedures for long-term cultivation, phenotyping, genotyping, and genetic transformation of cell cultures of tobacco cell lines BY-2 and VBI-0, and of A. thaliana, ecotype Landsberg erecta (LE) cell line. Notably, we present an improved protocol for BY-2 transformation and cloning and extend the available plant cell lines methodology toward high-throughput technologies like fluorescent-based cell sorting and transcriptomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Klíma
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtěch Čermák
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Srba
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Müller
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Petrášek
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Botany, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Šonka
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Fischer
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Opatrný
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
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11
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Lee YK, Kim IJ. Functional conservation of Arabidopsis LNG1 in tobacco relating to leaf shape change by increasing longitudinal cell elongation by overexpression. Genes Genomics 2018; 40:1053-1062. [PMID: 29949075 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-018-0712-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The LONGIFOLIA1 (LNG1) gene of Arabidopsis regulates leaf shape by polar cell elongation independent of ROTUNDAFOLIA3 (ROT3). To expand our knowledge on the function of this gens in plant systems, Arabidopsis LNG1 (AtLNG1) was introduced both sense and antisense orientation under the control of 35S CaMV promoter into tobacco plants that lack AtLNG1 homolog. Resulting transgenic tobacco plants were analyzed by their phenotype, anatomy and transcript levels. AtLNG1-overexpressing tobacco lines showed increase in the leaf petiole and leaf blade compared with wild type tobacco line. The overexpressors also showed elongated palisade cells as well as epidermal cells in the leaf length direction, but no increase in cell number. Ectopic expression of AtLNG1 in tobacco plants also increased the expression of cell wall modification-related genes, such as NT_XYLOGLUCAN ENDOTRANSGLUCOSYLASE/HYDROLASE9 (NT_XTH9), NT_XTH15 and NT_XTH33, indicating that these genes appear to be target of AtLNG1. As results of molecular and cellular examination, AtLNG1 seemed to have a conserved functional role in shaping leaf morphology in both Arabidopsis and tobacco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Koung Lee
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1 Bungtown Road,, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, 11724, USA
- Division of Biological Sciences and Institute for Basic Science/Division of Biological Sciences and Research Institute for Glycoscience, Wonkwang University, Iksan, 54538, South Korea
| | - In-Jung Kim
- Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju, 690-756, South Korea.
- Research Institute for Subtropical Agriculture and Biotechnology, SARI, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, South Korea.
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12
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Endo S, Iwamoto K, Fukuda H. Overexpression and cosuppression of xylem-related genes in an early xylem differentiation stage-specific manner by the AtTED4 promoter. Plant Biotechnol J 2018; 16:451-458. [PMID: 28664596 PMCID: PMC5787829 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Tissue-specific overexpression of useful genes, which we can design according to their cause-and-effect relationships, often gives valuable gain-of-function phenotypes. To develop genetic tools in woody biomass engineering, we produced a collection of Arabidopsis lines that possess chimeric genes of a promoter of an early xylem differentiation stage-specific gene, Arabidopsis Tracheary Element Differentiation-related 4 (AtTED4) and late xylem development-associated genes, many of which are uncharacterized. The AtTED4 promoter directed the expected expression of transgenes in developing vascular tissues from young to mature stage. Of T2 lines examined, 42%, 49% and 9% were judged as lines with the nonrepeat type insertion, the simple repeat type insertion and the other repeat type insertion of transgenes. In 174 T3 lines, overexpression lines were confirmed for 37 genes, whereas only cosuppression lines were produced for eight genes. The AtTED4 promoter activity was high enough to overexpress a wide range of genes over wild-type expression levels, even though the wild-type expression is much higher than AtTED4 expression for several genes. As a typical example, we investigated phenotypes of pAtTED4::At5g60490 plants, in which both overexpression and cosuppression lines were included. Overexpression but not cosuppression lines showed accelerated xylem development, suggesting the positive role of At5g60490 in xylem development. Taken together, this study provides valuable results about behaviours of various genes expressed under an early xylem-specific promoter and about usefulness of their lines as genetic tools in woody biomass engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Endo
- Department of Biological SciencesGraduate School of ScienceThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Kuninori Iwamoto
- Department of Biological SciencesGraduate School of ScienceThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Hiroo Fukuda
- Department of Biological SciencesGraduate School of ScienceThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
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13
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Myrach T, Zhu A, Witte CP. The assembly of the plant urease activation complex and the essential role of the urease accessory protein G (UreG) in delivery of nickel to urease. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:14556-14565. [PMID: 28710280 PMCID: PMC5582847 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.780403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Urease is a ubiquitous nickel metalloenzyme. In plants, its activation requires three urease accessory proteins (UAPs), UreD, UreF, and UreG. In bacteria, the UAPs interact with urease and facilitate activation, which involves the channeling of two nickel ions into the active site. So far this process has not been investigated in eukaryotes. Using affinity pulldowns of Strep-tagged UAPs from Arabidopsis and rice transiently expressed in planta, we demonstrate that a urease-UreD-UreF-UreG complex exists in plants and show its stepwise assembly. UreG is crucial for nickel delivery because UreG-dependent urease activation in vitro was observed only with UreG obtained from nickel-sufficient plants. This activation competence could not be generated in vitro by incubation of UreG with nickel, bicarbonate, and GTP. Compared with their bacterial orthologs, plant UreGs possess an N-terminal extension containing a His- and Asp/Glu-rich hypervariable region followed by a highly conserved sequence comprising two potential HXH metal-binding sites. Complementing the ureG-1 mutant of Arabidopsis with N-terminal deletion variants of UreG demonstrated that the hypervariable region has a minor impact on activation efficiency, whereas the conserved region up to the first HXH motif is highly beneficial and up to the second HXH motif strictly required for activation. We also show that urease reaches its full activity several days after nickel becomes available in the leaves, indicating that urease activation is limited by nickel accessibility in vivo Our data uncover the crucial role of UreG for nickel delivery during eukaryotic urease activation, inciting further investigations of the details of this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Till Myrach
- From the Freie Universität Berlin, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Department of Plant Biochemistry, Königin-Luise-Strasse 12-16, 14195 Berlin, Germany and
| | - Anting Zhu
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, Institute of Plant Nutrition, Molecular Nutrition and Biochemistry of Plants, Herrenhäuser Strasse 2, 30419 Hannover, Germany
| | - Claus-Peter Witte
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, Institute of Plant Nutrition, Molecular Nutrition and Biochemistry of Plants, Herrenhäuser Strasse 2, 30419 Hannover, Germany
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14
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Li R, Xin S, Tao C, Jin X, Li H. Cotton Ascorbate Oxidase Promotes Cell Growth in Cultured Tobacco Bright Yellow-2 Cells through Generation of Apoplast Oxidation. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E1346. [PMID: 28644407 PMCID: PMC5535839 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18071346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Ascorbate oxidase (AO) plays an important role in cell growth through the modulation of reduction/oxidation (redox) control of the apoplast. Here, a cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) apoplastic ascorbate oxidase gene (GhAO1) was obtained from fast elongating fiber tissues. GhAO1 belongs to the multicopper oxidase (MCO) family and includes a signal peptide and several transmembrane regions. Analyses of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (QRT-PCR) and enzyme activity showed that GhAO1 was expressed abundantly in 15-day post-anthesis (dpa) wild-type (WT) fibers in comparison with fuzzless-lintless (fl) mutant ovules. Subcellular distribution analysis in onion cells demonstrated that GhAO1 is localized in the cell wall. In transgenic tobacco bright yellow-2 (BY-2) cells with ectopic overexpression of GhAO1, the enhancement of cell growth with 1.52-fold increase in length versus controls was indicated, as well as the enrichment of both total ascorbate in whole-cells and dehydroascorbate acid (DHA) in apoplasts. In addition, promoted activities of AO and monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDAR) in apoplasts and dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) in whole-cells were displayed in transgenic tobacco BY-2 cells. Accumulation of H₂O₂, and influenced expressions of Ca2+ channel genes with the activation of NtMPK9 and NtCPK5 and the suppression of NtTPC1B were also demonstrated in transgenic tobacco BY-2 cells. Finally, significant induced expression of the tobacco NtAO gene in WT BY-2 cells under indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) treatment appeared; however, the sensitivity of the NtAO gene expression to IAA disappeared in transgenic BY-2 cells, revealing that the regulated expression of the AO gene is under the control of IAA. Taken together, these results provide evidence that GhAO1 plays an important role in fiber cell elongation and may promote cell growth by generating the oxidation of apoplasts, via the auxin-mediated signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Li
- College of Life Sciences, Key laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China.
| | - Shan Xin
- College of Life Sciences, Key laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China.
| | - Chengcheng Tao
- College of Life Sciences, Key laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China.
| | - Xiang Jin
- Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China.
| | - Hongbin Li
- College of Life Sciences, Key laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China.
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15
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Ahn G, Kim H, Kim DH, Hanh H, Yoon Y, Singaram I, Wijesinghe KJ, Johnson KA, Zhuang X, Liang Z, Stahelin RV, Jiang L, Cho W, Kang BH, Hwang I. SH3 Domain-Containing Protein 2 Plays a Crucial Role at the Step of Membrane Tubulation during Cell Plate Formation. Plant Cell 2017; 29:1388-1405. [PMID: 28584166 PMCID: PMC5502459 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.17.00108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
During cytokinesis in plants, trans-Golgi network-derived vesicles accumulate at the center of dividing cells and undergo various structural changes to give rise to the planar cell plate. However, how this conversion occurs at the molecular level remains elusive. In this study, we report that SH3 Domain-Containing Protein 2 (SH3P2) in Arabidopsis thaliana plays a crucial role in converting vesicles to the planar cell plate. SH3P2 RNAi plants showed cytokinesis-defective phenotypes and produced aggregations of vesicles at the leading edge of the cell plate. SH3P2 localized to the leading edge of the cell plate, particularly the constricted or curved regions of the cell plate. The BAR domain of SH3P2 induced tubulation of vesicles. SH3P2 formed a complex with dynamin-related protein 1A (DRP1A) and affected DRP1A accumulation to the cell plate. Based on these results, we propose that SH3P2 functions together with DRP1A to convert the fused vesicles to tubular structures during cytokinesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyeongik Ahn
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Hyeran Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Dae Heon Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Hong Hanh
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Youngdae Yoon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - Indira Singaram
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - Kaveesha J Wijesinghe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556
| | - Kristen A Johnson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556
| | - Xiaohong Zhuang
- School of Life Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Zizhen Liang
- School of Life Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Robert V Stahelin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine-South Bend, South Bend, Indiana 46617
| | - Liwen Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Wonhwa Cho
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - Byung-Ho Kang
- School of Life Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Inhwan Hwang
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
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16
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Yasui Y, Tanaka W, Sakamoto T, Kurata T, Hirano HY. Genetic Enhancer Analysis Reveals that FLORAL ORGAN NUMBER2 and OsMADS3 Co-operatively Regulate Maintenance and Determinacy of the Flower Meristem in Rice. Plant Cell Physiol 2017; 58:893-903. [PMID: 28371923 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcx038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Meristems such as the shoot apical meristem and flower meristem (FM) act as a reservoir of stem cells, which reproduce themselves and supply daughter cells for the differentiation of lateral organs. In Oryza sativa (rice), the FLORAL ORGAN NUMBER2 (FON2) gene, which is similar to Arabidopsis CLAVATA3, is involved in meristem maintenance. In fon2 mutants, the numbers of floral organs are increased due to an enlargement of the FM. To identify new factors regulating meristem maintenance in rice, we performed a genetic screening of mutants that enhanced the fon2 mutation, and found a mutant line (2B-424) in which pistil number was dramatically increased. By using a map-based approach and next-generation sequencing, we found that the line 2B-424 had a complete loss-of-function mutation (a large deletion) in OsMADS3, a class C MADS-box gene that is known to be involved in stamen specification. Disruption of OsMADS3 in the fon2 mutant by CRISPR-Cas9 (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-CRISPR-associated protein 9) technology caused a flower phenotype similar to that of 2B-424, confirming that the gene responsible for enhancement of fon2 was OsMADS3. Morphological analysis showed that the fon2 and osmads3 mutations synergistically affected pistil development and FM determinacy. We also found that whorl 3 was duplicated in mature flowers and the FM was enlarged at an early developmental stage in severe osmads3 single mutants. These findings suggest that OsMADS3 is involved not only in FM determinacy in late flower development but also in FM activity in early flower development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Yasui
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wakana Tanaka
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Sakamoto
- Plant Global Education Project, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Motoyama, Kamigamo, Kita-Ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Kurata
- Plant Global Education Project, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiro-Yuki Hirano
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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17
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Kudo M, Kidokoro S, Yoshida T, Mizoi J, Todaka D, Fernie AR, Shinozaki K, Yamaguchi‐Shinozaki K. Double overexpression of DREB and PIF transcription factors improves drought stress tolerance and cell elongation in transgenic plants. Plant Biotechnol J 2017; 15:458-471. [PMID: 27683092 PMCID: PMC5362684 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Although a variety of transgenic plants that are tolerant to drought stress have been generated, many of these plants show growth retardation. To improve drought tolerance and plant growth, we applied a gene-stacking approach using two transcription factor genes: DEHYDRATION-RESPONSIVE ELEMENT-BINDING 1A (DREB1A) and rice PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR-LIKE 1 (OsPIL1). The overexpression of DREB1A has been reported to improve drought stress tolerance in various crops, although it also causes a severe dwarf phenotype. OsPIL1 is a rice homologue of Arabidopsis PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR 4 (PIF4), and it enhances cell elongation by activating cell wall-related gene expression. We found that the OsPIL1 protein was more stable than PIF4 under light conditions in Arabidopsis protoplasts. Transactivation analyses revealed that DREB1A and OsPIL1 did not negatively affect each other's transcriptional activities. The transgenic plants overexpressing both OsPIL1 and DREB1A showed the improved drought stress tolerance similar to that of DREB1A overexpressors. Furthermore, double overexpressors showed the enhanced hypocotyl elongation and floral induction compared with the DREB1A overexpressors. Metabolome analyses indicated that compatible solutes, such as sugars and amino acids, accumulated in the double overexpressors, which was similar to the observations of the DREB1A overexpressors. Transcriptome analyses showed an increased expression of abiotic stress-inducible DREB1A downstream genes and cell elongation-related OsPIL1 downstream genes in the double overexpressors, which suggests that these two transcription factors function independently in the transgenic plants despite the trade-offs required to balance plant growth and stress tolerance. Our study provides a basis for plant genetic engineering designed to overcome growth retardation in drought-tolerant transgenic plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madoka Kudo
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life SciencesUniversity of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Satoshi Kidokoro
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life SciencesUniversity of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Takuya Yoshida
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life SciencesUniversity of TokyoTokyoJapan
- Max‐Planck‐Institut für Molekulare PflanzenphysiologieGolmGermany
| | - Junya Mizoi
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life SciencesUniversity of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Daisuke Todaka
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life SciencesUniversity of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | | | - Kazuo Shinozaki
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource ScienceTsurumi‐kuYokohamaJapan
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18
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Muñoz A, Mangano S, González-García MP, Contreras R, Sauer M, De Rybel B, Weijers D, Sánchez-Serrano JJ, Sanmartín M, Rojo E. RIMA-Dependent Nuclear Accumulation of IYO Triggers Auxin-Irreversible Cell Differentiation in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell 2017; 29:575-588. [PMID: 28223441 PMCID: PMC5385956 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.16.00791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The transcriptional regulator MINIYO (IYO) is essential and rate-limiting for initiating cell differentiation in Arabidopsis thaliana Moreover, IYO moves from the cytosol into the nucleus in cells at the meristem periphery, possibly triggering their differentiation. However, the genetic mechanisms controlling IYO nuclear accumulation were unknown, and the evidence that increased nuclear IYO levels trigger differentiation remained correlative. Searching for IYO interactors, we identified RPAP2 IYO Mate (RIMA), a homolog of yeast and human proteins linked to nuclear import of selective cargo. Knockdown of RIMA causes delayed onset of cell differentiation, phenocopying the effects of IYO knockdown at the transcriptomic and developmental levels. Moreover, differentiation is completely blocked when IYO and RIMA activities are simultaneously reduced and is synergistically accelerated when IYO and RIMA are concurrently overexpressed, confirming their functional interaction. Indeed, RIMA knockdown reduces the nuclear levels of IYO and prevents its prodifferentiation activity, supporting the conclusion that RIMA-dependent nuclear IYO accumulation triggers cell differentiation in Arabidopsis. Importantly, by analyzing the effect of the IYO/RIMA pathway on xylem pole pericycle cells, we provide compelling evidence reinforcing the view that the capacity for de novo organogenesis and regeneration from mature plant tissues can reside in stem cell reservoirs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Muñoz
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-CSIC, Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvina Mangano
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-CSIC, Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ramón Contreras
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-CSIC, Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Michael Sauer
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-CSIC, Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Bert De Rybel
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University, 6703 HA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dolf Weijers
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University, 6703 HA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Maite Sanmartín
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-CSIC, Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Rojo
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-CSIC, Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
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19
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Brown DP, Rogers DT, Gunjan SK, Gerhardt GA, Littleton JM. Target-directed discovery and production of pharmaceuticals in transgenic mutant plant cells. J Biotechnol 2016; 238:9-14. [PMID: 27637316 PMCID: PMC5242497 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2016.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Plants are a source of complex bioactive compounds, with value as pharmaceuticals, or leads for synthetic modification. Many of these secondary metabolites have evolved as defenses against competing organisms and their pharmaceutical value is "accidental", resulting from homology between target proteins in these competitors, and human molecular therapeutic targets. Here we show that it is possible to use mutation and selection of plant cells to re-direct their "evolution" toward metabolites that interact with the therapeutic target proteins themselves. This is achieved by expressing the human target protein in plant cells, and selecting mutants for survival based on the interaction of their metabolome with this target. This report describes the successful evolution of hairy root cultures of a Lobelia species toward increased biosynthesis of metabolites that inhibit the human dopamine transporter protein. Many of the resulting selected mutants are overproducing the active metabolite found in the wild-type plant, but others overproduce active metabolites that are not readily detectable in non-mutants. This technology can access the whole genomic capability of a plant species to biosynthesize metabolites with a specific target. It has potential value as a novel platform for plant drug discovery and production, or as a means of optimizing the therapeutic value of medicinal plant extracts.
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Key Words
- 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)
- 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP: Pubmed CID: 1388)
- 1-methy-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+: Pubmed CID: 39484)
- Activation tagging mutagenesis (ATM)
- Hairy root cultures
- Human dopamine transporter protein (hDAT)
- Lobelia cardinalis
- Lobinaline (1-Methyl-5,7-diphenyl-6-(3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2-pyridinyl)decahydroquinoline (Pubmed CID: 419029)
- [(3)H]GBR12935 (Pubmed CID: 3455)
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Affiliation(s)
- D P Brown
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536-0298, USA
| | - D T Rogers
- Naprogenix Inc, University of Kentucky, AsTeCC, Lexington, KY 40506-0286, USA.
| | - S K Gunjan
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506-0044, USA
| | - G A Gerhardt
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536-0298, USA
| | - J M Littleton
- Naprogenix Inc, University of Kentucky, AsTeCC, Lexington, KY 40506-0286, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506-0044, USA
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20
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Park K, Frost JM, Adair AJ, Kim DM, Yun H, Brooks JS, Fischer RL, Choi Y. Optimized Methods for the Isolation of Arabidopsis Female Central Cells and Their Nuclei. Mol Cells 2016; 39:768-775. [PMID: 27788573 PMCID: PMC5104886 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2016.0209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The Arabidopsis female gametophyte contains seven cells with eight haploid nuclei buried within layers of sporophytic tissue. Following double fertilization, the egg and central cells of the gametophyte develop into the embryo and endosperm of the seed, respectively. The epigenetic status of the central cell has long presented an enigma due both to its inaccessibility, and the fascinating epigenome of the endosperm, thought to have been inherited from the central cell following activity of the DEMETER demethylase enzyme, prior to fertilization. Here, we present for the first time, a method to isolate pure populations of Arabidopsis central cell nuclei. Utilizing a protocol designed to isolate leaf mesophyll protoplasts, we systematically optimized each step in order to efficiently separate central cells from the female gametophyte. We use initial manual pistil dissection followed by the derivation of central cell protoplasts, during which process the central cell emerges from the micropylar pole of the embryo sac. Then, we use a modified version of the Isolation of Nuclei TAgged in specific Cell Types (INTACT) protocol to purify central cell nuclei, resulting in a purity of 75-90% and a yield sufficient to undertake downstream molecular analyses. We find that the process is highly dependent on the health of the original plant tissue used, and the efficiency of protoplasting solution infiltration into the gametophyte. By isolating pure central cell populations, we have enabled elucidation of the physiology of this rare cell type, which in the future will provide novel insights into Arabidopsis reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyunghyuk Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826,
Korea
| | - Jennifer M. Frost
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720,
USA
| | - Adam James Adair
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720,
USA
| | - Dong Min Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826,
Korea
| | - Hyein Yun
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826,
Korea
| | - Janie S. Brooks
- Department of Science, Seoul Foreign School, Seoul 09723,
Korea
| | - Robert L. Fischer
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720,
USA
| | - Yeonhee Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826,
Korea
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21
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Song L, Zhou Z, Tang S, Zhang Z, Xia S, Qin M, Li B, Wen J, Yi B, Shen J, Ma C, Fu T, Tu J. Ectopic Expression of BnaC.CP20.1 Results in Premature Tapetal Programmed Cell Death in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell Physiol 2016; 57:1972-84. [PMID: 27388342 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcw119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Tapetal programmed cell death (PCD) is essential in pollen grain development, and cysteine proteases are ubiquitous enzymes participating in plant PCD. Although the major papain-like cysteine proteases (PLCPs) have been investigated, the exact functions of many PLCPs are still poorly understood in PCD. Here, we identified a PLCP gene, BnaC.CP20.1, which was closely related to XP_013596648.1 from Brassica oleracea. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed that BnaC.CP20.1 expression was down-regulated in male-sterile lines in oilseed rape, suggesting a connection between this gene and male sterility. BnaC.CP20.1 is especially active in the tapetum and microspores in Brassica napus from the uninucleate stage until formation of mature pollen grains during anther development. On expression of BnaC.CP20.1 prior to the tetrad stage, BnA9::BnaC.CP20.1 transgenic lines in Arabidopsis thaliana showed a male-sterile phenotype with shortened siliques containing fewer or no seeds by self-crossing. Scanning electron microscopy indicated that the reticulate exine was defective in aborted microspores. Callose degradation was delayed and microspores were not released from the tetrad in a timely fashion. Additionally, the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay indicated that BnaC.CP20.1 ectopic expression led to premature tapetal PCD. Transmission electron microscopy analyses further demonstrated that the pollen abortion was due to the absence of tectum connections to the bacula in the transgenic anthers. These findings suggest that timely expression of BnaC.CP20.1 is necessary for tapetal degeneration and pollen wall formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Song
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhengfu Zhou
- Wheat Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Shan Tang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shengqian Xia
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Maomao Qin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Bao Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jing Wen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Bin Yi
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jinxiong Shen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chaozhi Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Tingdong Fu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jinxing Tu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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22
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Jiang J, Jia H, Feng G, Wang Z, Li J, Gao H, Wang X. Overexpression of Medicago sativa TMT elevates the α-tocopherol content in Arabidopsis seeds, alfalfa leaves, and delays dark-induced leaf senescence. Plant Sci 2016; 249:93-104. [PMID: 27297993 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is a major forage legume for livestock and a target for improving their dietary quality. Vitamin E is an essential vitamin that animals must obtain from their diet for proper growth and development. γ-tocopherol methyltransferase (γ-TMT), which catalyzes the conversion of δ- and γ-tocopherols (or tocotrienols) to β- and α-tocopherols (or tocotrienols), respectively, is the final enzyme involved in the vitamin E biosynthetic pathway. The overexpression of M. sativa L.'s γ-TMT (MsTMT) increased the α-tocopherol content 10-15 fold above that of wild type Arabidopsis seeds without altering the total content of vitamin E. Additionally, in response to osmotic stress, the biomass and the expression levels of several osmotic marker genes were significantly higher in the transgenic lines compared with wild type. Overexpression of MsTMT in alfalfa led to a modest, albeit significant, increase in α-tocopherol in leaves and was also responsible for a delayed leaf senescence phenotype. Additionally, the crude protein content was increased, while the acid and neutral detergent fiber contents were unchanged in these transgenic lines. Thus, increased α-tocopherol content occurred in transgenic alfalfa without compromising the nutritional qualities. The targeted metabolic engineering of vitamin E biosynthesis through MsTMT overexpression provides a promising approach to improve the α-tocopherol content of forage crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jishan Jiang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Huili Jia
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; Present address: Animal Husbandry and Veterinary institute, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taiyuan 030032, China
| | - Guangyan Feng
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; Present address: Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, China
| | - Zan Wang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jun Li
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; Present address: Institute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Huhhot 010020,China
| | - Hongwen Gao
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Xuemin Wang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
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23
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Waszczak C, Kerchev PI, Mühlenbock P, Hoeberichts FA, Van Der Kelen K, Mhamdi A, Willems P, Denecker J, Kumpf RP, Noctor G, Messens J, Van Breusegem F. SHORT-ROOT Deficiency Alleviates the Cell Death Phenotype of the Arabidopsis catalase2 Mutant under Photorespiration-Promoting Conditions. Plant Cell 2016; 28:1844-59. [PMID: 27432873 PMCID: PMC5006698 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.16.00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) can act as a signaling molecule that influences various aspects of plant growth and development, including stress signaling and cell death. To analyze molecular mechanisms that regulate the response to increased H2O2 levels in plant cells, we focused on the photorespiration-dependent peroxisomal H2O2 production in Arabidopsis thaliana mutants lacking CATALASE2 (CAT2) activity (cat2-2). By screening for second-site mutations that attenuate the PSII maximum efficiency (Fv'/Fm') decrease and lesion formation linked to the cat2-2 phenotype, we discovered that a mutation in SHORT-ROOT (SHR) rescued the cell death phenotype of cat2-2 plants under photorespiration-promoting conditions. SHR deficiency attenuated H2O2-dependent gene expression, oxidation of the glutathione pool, and ascorbate depletion in a cat2-2 genetic background upon exposure to photorespiratory stress. Decreased glycolate oxidase and catalase activities together with accumulation of glycolate further implied that SHR deficiency impacts the cellular redox homeostasis by limiting peroxisomal H2O2 production. The photorespiratory phenotype of cat2-2 mutants did not depend on the SHR functional interactor SCARECROW and the sugar signaling component ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE4, despite the requirement for exogenous sucrose for cell death attenuation in cat2-2 shr-6 double mutants. Our findings reveal a link between SHR and photorespiratory H2O2 production that has implications for the integration of developmental and stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cezary Waszczak
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium Structural Biology Research Center, VIB, 1050 Brussels, Belgium Structural Biology Brussels Laboratory, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium Brussels Center for Redox Biology, 1050 Brussels, Belgium Division of Plant Biology, Department of Biosciences, Viikki Plant Science Center, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pavel I Kerchev
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Per Mühlenbock
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Frank A Hoeberichts
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Katrien Van Der Kelen
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Amna Mhamdi
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium Institute of Plant Sciences Paris Saclay IPS2, CNRS, INRA, Université Paris-Sud, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay IPS2, Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Patrick Willems
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jordi Denecker
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Robert P Kumpf
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Graham Noctor
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris Saclay IPS2, CNRS, INRA, Université Paris-Sud, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay IPS2, Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Joris Messens
- Structural Biology Research Center, VIB, 1050 Brussels, Belgium Structural Biology Brussels Laboratory, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium Brussels Center for Redox Biology, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Frank Van Breusegem
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
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24
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Park SH, Ong RG, Sticklen M. Strategies for the production of cell wall-deconstructing enzymes in lignocellulosic biomass and their utilization for biofuel production. Plant Biotechnol J 2016; 14:1329-44. [PMID: 26627868 PMCID: PMC5063159 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Microbial cell wall-deconstructing enzymes are widely used in the food, wine, pulp and paper, textile, and detergent industries and will be heavily utilized by cellulosic biorefineries in the production of fuels and chemicals. Due to their ability to use freely available solar energy, genetically engineered bioenergy crops provide an attractive alternative to microbial bioreactors for the production of cell wall-deconstructing enzymes. This review article summarizes the efforts made within the last decade on the production of cell wall-deconstructing enzymes in planta for use in the deconstruction of lignocellulosic biomass. A number of strategies have been employed to increase enzyme yields and limit negative impacts on plant growth and development including targeting heterologous enzymes into specific subcellular compartments using signal peptides, using tissue-specific or inducible promoters to limit the expression of enzymes to certain portions of the plant or certain times, and fusion of amplification sequences upstream of the coding region to enhance expression. We also summarize methods that have been used to access and maintain activity of plant-generated enzymes when used in conjunction with thermochemical pretreatments for the production of lignocellulosic biofuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Hyuck Park
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Rebecca Garlock Ong
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA
| | - Mariam Sticklen
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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25
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Hoenicka H, Lehnhardt D, Nunna S, Reinhardt R, Jeltsch A, Briones V, Fladung M. Level of tissue differentiation influences the activation of a heat-inducible flower-specific system for genetic containment in poplar (Populus tremula L.). Plant Cell Rep 2016; 35:369-84. [PMID: 26521210 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-015-1890-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Differentiation level but not transgene copy number influenced activation of a gene containment system in poplar. Heat treatments promoted CRE gene body methylation. The flower-specific transgene deletion was confirmed. Gene flow between genetic modified trees and their wild relatives is still motive of concern. Therefore, approaches for gene containment are required. In this study, we designed a novel strategy for achieving an inducible and flower-specific transgene removal from poplar trees but still expressing the transgene in the plant body. Hence, pollen carrying transgenes could be used for breeding purposes under controlled conditions in a first phase, and in the second phase genetic modified poplars developing transgene-free pollen grains could be released. This approach is based on the recombination systems CRE/loxP and FLP/frt. Both gene constructs contained a heat-inducible CRE/loxP-based spacer sequence for in vivo assembling of the flower-specific FLP/frt system. This allowed inducible activation of gene containment. The FLP/frt system was under the regulation of a flower-specific promoter, either CGPDHC or PTD. Our results confirmed complete CRE/loxP-based in vivo assembling of the flower-specific transgene excision system after heat treatment in all cells for up to 30 % of regenerants derived from undifferentiated tissue cultures. Degradation of HSP::CRE/loxP spacer after recombination but also persistence as extrachromosomal DNA circles were detected in sub-lines obtained after heat treatments. Furthermore, heat treatment promoted methylation of the CRE gene body. A lower methylation level was detected at CpG sites in transgenic sub-lines showing complete CRE/loxP recombination and persistence of CRE/loxP spacer, compared to sub-lines with incomplete recombination. However, our results suggest that low methylation might be necessary but not sufficient for recombination. The flower-specific FLP/frt-based transgene deletion was confirmed in 6.3 % of flowers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Hoenicka
- Thünen-Institute of Forest Genetics, 22927, Grosshansdorf, Germany.
| | - Denise Lehnhardt
- Thünen-Institute of Forest Genetics, 22927, Grosshansdorf, Germany
| | - Suneetha Nunna
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Stuttgart, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | | | - Albert Jeltsch
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Stuttgart, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | | | - Matthias Fladung
- Thünen-Institute of Forest Genetics, 22927, Grosshansdorf, Germany.
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26
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Abstract
The continuing analysis of plant cell division will require additional protein localization studies. This is greatly aided by GFP-technology, but plant transformation and the maintenance of transgenic lines can present a significant technical bottleneck. In this chapter I describe a method for the Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation of tobacco BY-2 cells. The method allows for the microscopic analysis of fluorescence-tagged proteins in dividing cells in within 2 days after starting a coculture. This transient transformation procedure requires only standard laboratory equipment. It is hoped that this rapid method would aid researchers conducting live-cell localization studies in plant mitosis and cytokinesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Buschmann
- Botany Department, School of Biology and Chemistry, Osnabrück University, Postfach 44 69, Osnabrück, 49069, Germany.
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27
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Wang B, Guo X, Wang C, Ma J, Niu F, Zhang H, Yang B, Liang W, Han F, Jiang YQ. Identification and characterization of plant-specific NAC gene family in canola (Brassica napus L.) reveal novel members involved in cell death. Plant Mol Biol 2015; 87:395-411. [PMID: 25616736 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-015-0286-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
NAC transcription factors are plant-specific and play important roles in plant development processes, response to biotic and abiotic cues and hormone signaling. However, to date, little is known about the NAC genes in canola (or oilseed rape, Brassica napus L.). In this study, a total of 60 NAC genes were identified from canola through a systematical analysis and mining of expressed sequence tags. Among these, the cDNA sequences of 41 NAC genes were successfully cloned. The translated protein sequences of canola NAC genes with the NAC genes from representative species were phylogenetically clustered into three major groups and multiple subgroups. The transcriptional activities of these BnaNAC proteins were assayed in yeast. In addition, by quantitative real-time RT-PCR, we further observed that some of these BnaNACs were regulated by different hormone stimuli or abiotic stresses. Interestingly, we successfully identified two novel BnaNACs, BnaNAC19 and BnaNAC82, which could elicit hypersensitive response-like cell death when expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves, which was mediated by accumulation of reactive oxygen species. Overall, our work has laid a solid foundation for further characterization of this important NAC gene family in canola.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boya Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China,
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28
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Wang S, Blumwald E. Stress-induced chloroplast degradation in Arabidopsis is regulated via a process independent of autophagy and senescence-associated vacuoles. Plant Cell 2014; 26:4875-88. [PMID: 25538186 PMCID: PMC4311210 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.114.133116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Revised: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/07/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Two well-known pathways for the degradation of chloroplast proteins are via autophagy and senescence-associated vacuoles. Here, we describe a third pathway that was activated by senescence- and abiotic stress-induced expression of Arabidopsis thaliana CV (for chloroplast vesiculation). After targeting to the chloroplast, CV destabilized the chloroplast, inducing the formation of vesicles. CV-containing vesicles carrying stromal proteins, envelope membrane proteins, and thylakoid membrane proteins were released from the chloroplasts and mobilized to the vacuole for proteolysis. Overexpression of CV caused chloroplast degradation and premature leaf senescence, whereas silencing CV delayed chloroplast turnover and senescence induced by abiotic stress. Transgenic CV-silenced plants displayed enhanced tolerance to drought, salinity, and oxidative stress. Immunoprecipitation and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays demonstrated that CV interacted with photosystem II subunit PsbO1 in vivo through a C-terminal domain that is highly conserved in the plant kingdom. Collectively, our work indicated that CV plays a crucial role in stress-induced chloroplast disruption and mediates a third pathway for chloroplast degradation. From a biotechnological perspective, silencing of CV offers a suitable strategy for the generation of transgenic crops with increased tolerance to abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songhu Wang
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, California 95616 Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Eduardo Blumwald
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, California 95616
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29
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Tang Y, Ou Z, Qiu J, Mi Z. Putative signal peptides of two BURP proteins can direct proteins to their destinations in tobacco cell system. Biotechnol Lett 2014; 36:2343-9. [PMID: 25048229 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-014-1603-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Plant-specific BURP family proteins have a diverse subcellular localization with different functions. However, only limited studies have investigated the functions of their different domains. In the present study, the role of the N-terminal putative signal peptide in protein subcellular localization was investigated using a tobacco cell system. The results showed that SALI3-2 was present in vacuoles, whereas AtRD22 was directed to the apoplast. The N-terminal putative signal peptides of both proteins were confirmed to be the essential and critical domains for targeting the proteins to their destinations. We also demonstrate that the expression and accumulation of mGFP in tobacco cells was increased when mGFP was fused to the putative signal peptide of SALI3-2. The findings offer the potential application of this short peptide in protein production in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Tang
- College of Life Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China,
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30
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Lin MT, Occhialini A, Andralojc PJ, Parry MAJ, Hanson MR. A faster Rubisco with potential to increase photosynthesis in crops. Nature 2014; 513:547-50. [PMID: 25231869 PMCID: PMC4176977 DOI: 10.1038/nature13776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 268] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
In photosynthetic organisms, D-ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) is the major enzyme assimilating atmospheric CO2 into the biosphere. Owing to the wasteful oxygenase activity and slow turnover of Rubisco, the enzyme is among the most important targets for improving the photosynthetic efficiency of vascular plants. It has been anticipated that introducing the CO2-concentrating mechanism (CCM) from cyanobacteria into plants could enhance crop yield. However, the complex nature of Rubisco's assembly has made manipulation of the enzyme extremely challenging, and attempts to replace it in plants with the enzymes from cyanobacteria and red algae have not been successful. Here we report two transplastomic tobacco lines with functional Rubisco from the cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus PCC7942 (Se7942). We knocked out the native tobacco gene encoding the large subunit of Rubisco by inserting the large and small subunit genes of the Se7942 enzyme, in combination with either the corresponding Se7942 assembly chaperone, RbcX, or an internal carboxysomal protein, CcmM35, which incorporates three small subunit-like domains. Se7942 Rubisco and CcmM35 formed macromolecular complexes within the chloroplast stroma, mirroring an early step in the biogenesis of cyanobacterial β-carboxysomes. Both transformed lines were photosynthetically competent, supporting autotrophic growth, and their respective forms of Rubisco had higher rates of CO2 fixation per unit of enzyme than the tobacco control. These transplastomic tobacco lines represent an important step towards improved photosynthesis in plants and will be valuable hosts for future addition of the remaining components of the cyanobacterial CCM, such as inorganic carbon transporters and the β-carboxysome shell proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myat T Lin
- 1] Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA [2]
| | - Alessandro Occhialini
- 1] Plant Biology and Crop Science, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK [2]
| | - P John Andralojc
- Plant Biology and Crop Science, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Martin A J Parry
- Plant Biology and Crop Science, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Maureen R Hanson
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
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31
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Nair NR, Chidambareswaren M, Manjula S. Enhanced heterologous expression of biologically active human granulocyte colony stimulating factor in transgenic tobacco BY-2 cells by localization to endoplasmic reticulum. Mol Biotechnol 2014; 56:849-62. [PMID: 24845752 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-014-9765-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Tobacco Bright Yellow-2 (BY-2) cells, one of the best characterized cell lines is an attractive expression system for heterologous protein expression. However, the expression of foreign proteins is currently hampered by their low yield, which is partially the result of proteolytic degradation. Human granulocyte colony stimulating factor (hG-CSF) is a hematopoietic cytokine. Recombinant hG-CSF is successfully being used for the treatment of chemotherapy-induced neutropenia in cancer patients. Here, we describe a simple strategy for producing biologically active hG-CSF in tobacco BY-2 cells, localized in the apoplast of BY-2 cells, as well as targeted to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). ER targeting significantly enhanced recombinant production which scaled to 17.89 mg/l from 4.19 mg/l when expressed in the apoplasts. Southern blotting confirmed the stable integration of hG-CSF in the BY-2 nuclear genome, and the expression of hG-CSF was analysed by Western blotting. Total soluble protein containing hG-CSF isolated from positive calli showed proliferative potential when tested on HL-60 cell lines by MTT assay. We also report the potential of a Fluorescence-activated cell sorting approach for an efficient sorting of the hG-CSF-expressing cell lines, which will enable the generation of homogenous high-producing cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha R Nair
- Division of Plant Molecular Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, 695014, Kerala, India
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Cona A, Tisi A, Ghuge SA, Franchi S, De Lorenzo G, Angelini R. Wound healing response and xylem differentiation in tobacco plants over-expressing a fungal endopolygalacturonase is mediated by copper amine oxidase activity. Plant Physiol Biochem 2014; 82:54-65. [PMID: 24907525 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2014.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we have investigated the involvement of copper amine oxidase (CuAO; EC 1.4.3.21) in wound healing and xylem differentiation of Nicotiana tabacum plants over-expressing a fungal endopolygalacturonase (PG plants), which show constitutively activated defence responses. In petioles and stems of PG plants, we found higher CuAO activity and lower polyamine (PA) levels, particularly putrescine (Put), with respect to wild-type (WT) plants. Upon wounding, a more intense autofluorescence of cell wall phenolics was observed in correspondence of wound surface, extending to epidermis and cortical parenchima only in PG plants. This response was mostly dependent on CuAO activity, as suggested by the reversion of autofluorescence upon supply of 2-bromoethylamine (2-BrEt), a CuAO specific inhibitor. Moreover, in unwounded plants, histochemical analysis revealed a tissue-specific expression of the enzyme in the vascular cambium and neighboring derivative cells of both petioles and stems of PG plants, whereas the corresponding WT tissues appeared unstained or faintly stained. A higher histochemical CuAO activity was also observed in xylem cells of PG plants as compared to WT xylem tissues suggesting a peculiar role of CuAO activity in xylem differentiation in PG plants. Indeed, roots of PG plants exhibited early xylem differentiation, a phenotype consistent with both the higher CuAO and the lower Put levels observed and supported by the 2-BrEt-mediated reversion of early root xylem differentiation and H2O2 accumulation. These results strongly support the relevance of PA-catabolism derived H2O2 in defence responses, such as those signaled by a compromised status of cell wall pectin integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Cona
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università degli Studi "Roma Tre", V.le G. Marconi 446, 00146 Roma, Italy
| | - Alessandra Tisi
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università degli Studi "Roma Tre", V.le G. Marconi 446, 00146 Roma, Italy
| | - Sandip Annasaheb Ghuge
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università degli Studi "Roma Tre", V.le G. Marconi 446, 00146 Roma, Italy
| | - Stefano Franchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università degli Studi "Roma Tre", V.le G. Marconi 446, 00146 Roma, Italy
| | - Giulia De Lorenzo
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie Charles Darwin, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Riccardo Angelini
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università degli Studi "Roma Tre", V.le G. Marconi 446, 00146 Roma, Italy.
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Yao ZF, Liang CY, Zhang Q, Chen ZJ, Xiao BX, Tian J, Liao H. SPX1 is an important component in the phosphorus signalling network of common bean regulating root growth and phosphorus homeostasis. J Exp Bot 2014; 65:3299-310. [PMID: 24790114 PMCID: PMC4071846 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Proteins containing the SPX domain are believed to play vital roles in the phosphorus (P) signalling network in plants. However, the functions of SPX proteins in legumes remain largely unknown. In this study, three SPX members, PvSPX1-PvSPX3 were cloned from common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). It was found that the transcripts of all three PvSPX members were significantly enhanced in both bean leaves and roots by phosphate (Pi) starvation. Among them, the expression of nuclear localized PvSPX1 showed more sensitive and rapid responses to Pi starvation. Consistently, only overexpression of PvSPX1 resulted in increased root P concentration and modified morphology of transgenic bean hairy roots, such as inhibited root growth and an enlarged root hair zone. It was further demonstrated that PvSPX1 transcripts were up-regulated by overexpressing PvPHR1, and overexpressing PvSPX1 led to increased transcripts of 10 Pi starvation-responsive genes in transgenic bean hairy roots. Taken together, it is suggested that PvSPX1 is a positive regulator in the P signalling network of common bean, and is downstream of PvPHR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu-Fang Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Root Biology Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Cui-Yue Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Root Biology Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Qing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Root Biology Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Zhi-Jian Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Root Biology Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Bi-Xian Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Root Biology Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Jiang Tian
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Root Biology Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Hong Liao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Root Biology Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
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Kang Y, Jelenska J, Cecchini NM, Li Y, Lee MW, Kovar DR, Greenberg JT. HopW1 from Pseudomonas syringae disrupts the actin cytoskeleton to promote virulence in Arabidopsis. PLoS Pathog 2014; 10:e1004232. [PMID: 24968323 PMCID: PMC4072799 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
A central mechanism of virulence of extracellular bacterial pathogens is the injection into host cells of effector proteins that modify host cellular functions. HopW1 is an effector injected by the type III secretion system that increases the growth of the plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae on the Columbia accession of Arabidopsis. When delivered by P. syringae into plant cells, HopW1 causes a reduction in the filamentous actin (F-actin) network and the inhibition of endocytosis, a known actin-dependent process. When directly produced in plants, HopW1 forms complexes with actin, disrupts the actin cytoskeleton and inhibits endocytosis as well as the trafficking of certain proteins to vacuoles. The C-terminal region of HopW1 can reduce the length of actin filaments and therefore solubilize F-actin in vitro. Thus, HopW1 acts by disrupting the actin cytoskeleton and the cell biological processes that depend on actin, which in turn are needed for restricting P. syringae growth in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongsung Kang
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Joanna Jelenska
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Nicolas M. Cecchini
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Yujie Li
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Min Woo Lee
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - David R. Kovar
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Jean T. Greenberg
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
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Masani MYA, Noll GA, Parveez GKA, Sambanthamurthi R, Prüfer D. Efficient transformation of oil palm protoplasts by PEG-mediated transfection and DNA microinjection. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96831. [PMID: 24821306 PMCID: PMC4018445 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Genetic engineering remains a major challenge in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) because particle bombardment and Agrobacterium-mediated transformation are laborious and/or inefficient in this species, often producing chimeric plants and escapes. Protoplasts are beneficial as a starting material for genetic engineering because they are totipotent, and chimeras are avoided by regenerating transgenic plants from single cells. Novel approaches for the transformation of oil palm protoplasts could therefore offer a new and efficient strategy for the development of transgenic oil palm plants. Methodology/Principal Findings We recently achieved the regeneration of healthy and fertile oil palms from protoplasts. Therefore, we focused on the development of a reliable PEG-mediated transformation protocol for oil palm protoplasts by establishing and validating optimal heat shock conditions, concentrations of DNA, PEG and magnesium chloride, and the transfection procedure. We also investigated the transformation of oil palm protoplasts by DNA microinjection and successfully regenerated transgenic microcalli expressing green fluorescent protein as a visible marker to determine the efficiency of transformation. Conclusions/Significance We have established the first successful protocols for the transformation of oil palm protoplasts by PEG-mediated transfection and DNA microinjection. These novel protocols allow the rapid and efficient generation of non-chimeric transgenic callus and represent a significant milestone in the use of protoplasts as a starting material for the development of genetically-engineered oil palm plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mat Yunus Abdul Masani
- Advanced Biotechnology and Breeding Centre, Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- * E-mail: (MYAM); (DP)
| | - Gundula A. Noll
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Münster, Germany
| | | | | | - Dirk Prüfer
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Münster, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institut für Molekularbiologie und Angewandte Ökologie, Münster, Germany
- * E-mail: (MYAM); (DP)
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Singh A, Kanwar P, Yadav AK, Mishra M, Jha SK, Baranwal V, Pandey A, Kapoor S, Tyagi AK, Pandey GK. Genome-wide expressional and functional analysis of calcium transport elements during abiotic stress and development in rice. FEBS J 2014; 281:894-915. [PMID: 24286292 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Revised: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Ca²⁺ homeostasis is required to maintain a delicate balance of cytosolic Ca²⁺ during normal and adverse growth conditions. Various Ca²⁺ transporters actively participate to maintain this delicate balance especially during abiotic stresses and developmental events in plants. In this study, we present a genome-wide account, detailing expression profiles, subcellular localization and functional analysis of rice Ca²⁺ transport elements. Exhaustive in silico data mining and analysis resulted in the identification of 81 Ca²⁺ transport element genes, which belong to various groups such as Ca²⁺-ATPases (pumps), exchangers, channels, glutamate receptor homologs and annexins. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that different Ca²⁺ transporters are evolutionarily conserved across different plant species. Comprehensive expression analysis by gene chip microarray and quantitative RT-PCR revealed that a substantial proportion of Ca²⁺ transporter genes were expressed differentially under abiotic stresses (salt, cold and drought) and reproductive developmental stages (panicle and seed) in rice. These findings suggest a possible role of rice Ca²⁺ transporters in abiotic stress and development triggered signaling pathways. Subcellular localization of Ca²⁺ transporters from different groups in Nicotiana benthamiana revealed their variable localization to different compartments, which could be their possible sites of action. Complementation of Ca²⁺ transport activity of K616 yeast mutant by Ca²⁺-ATPase OsACA7 and involvement in salt tolerance verified its functional behavior. This study will encourage detailed characterization of potential candidate Ca²⁺ transporters for their functional role in planta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amarjeet Singh
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi-110021, India
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Khaliluev MR, Chaban IA, Kononenko NV, Baranova EN, Dolgov SV, Kharchenko PN, Poliakov VI. [Abnormal floral meristem development in transgenic tomato plants do not depend on the expression of genes encoding defense-related PR-proteins and antimicrobial peptides]. Ontogenez 2014; 45:28-41. [PMID: 25720263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the morphological and cytoembryological analyses of the tomato plants transformed with the genes encoding chitin-binding proteins (ac and RS-intron-Shir) from Amaranthus caudatus L. andA. retroflexus L., respectively, as well as the gene amp2 encoding hevein-like antimicrobial peptides from Stellaria media L., have been performed. The transgenic lines were adapted to soil and grown the greenhouse. The analysis of putative transgenic tomato plants revealed several lines that did not differ phenotypically from the wild type plants and three lines with disruption in differentiation of the inflorescence shoot and the flower, as well as the fruit formation (modified plants of each line were transformed with a single gene as noted before). Abnormalities in the development of the generative organs were maintained for at least six vegetative generations. These transgenic plants were shown to be defective in the mail gametophyte formation, fertilization, and, consequently, led to parthenocarpic fruits. The detailed analysis of growing ovules in the abnormal transgenic plants showed that the replacement tissue was formed and proliferated instead of unfertilized embryo sac. The structure of the replacement tissue differed from both embryonic and endosperm tissue of the normal ovule. The formation of the replacement tissue occurred due to continuing proliferation of the endothelial cells that lost their ability for differentiation. The final step in the development of the replacement tissue was its death, which resulted in the cell lysis. The expression of the genes used was confirmed by RT-PCR in all three lines with abnormal phenotype, as well as in several lines that did not phenotypically differ from the untransformed control. This suggests that abnormalities in the organs of the generative sphere in the transgenic plants do not depend on the expression of the foreign genes that were introduced in the tomato genome. Here, we argue that agrobacterial transformation affects, directly or indirectly, expression of genes encoding for transcription factors that can activate a gene cascade responsible for the normal plant development.
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Araki S, Kato K, Suzuki T, Okumura T, Machida Y, Ito M. Cosuppression of NtmybA1 and NtmybA2 causes downregulation of G2/M phaseexpressed genes and negatively affects both cell division and expansion in tobacco. Plant Signal Behav 2013; 8:doi: 10.4161/psb.26780. [PMID: 24494234 PMCID: PMC4091115 DOI: 10.4161/psb.26780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Revised: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
During the plant cell cycle, genes preferentially expressed at the G2/M phase are regulated by R1R2R3-type Myb transcription factors. To address the function of 2 tobacco R1R2R3-Myb proteins, NtmybA1 and NtmybA2, we generated transgenic tobacco plants in which endogenous NtmybA2 transcripts were significantly decreased, presumably due to cosuppression triggered by the presence of the NtmybA2 transgene. These lines showed a concomitant downregulation of structurally related NtmybA1 and many G2/M-expressed genes. In the cosuppression plants, we found a dwarf phenotype due to both reduced cell size and decreased cell number. Our results provide evidence confirming our previous view that NtmybA1 and NtmybA2 may regulate cell expansion as well as cell division by transcriptionally activating many G2/M-expressed genes in tobacco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Araki
- Division of Biological Science; Graduate School of Science; Nagoya University; Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kiichi Kato
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences; Nagoya University; Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Toshiya Suzuki
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences; Nagoya University; Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
- JST; CREST; Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Toru Okumura
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences; Nagoya University; Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasunori Machida
- Division of Biological Science; Graduate School of Science; Nagoya University; Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masaki Ito
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences; Nagoya University; Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
- JST; CREST; Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
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Araki S, Kato K, Suzuki T, Okumura T, Machida Y, Ito M. Cosuppression of NtmybA1 and NtmybA2 causes downregulation of G2/M phaseexpressed genes and negatively affects both cell division and expansion in tobacco. Plant Signal Behav 2013; 8:doi: 10.4161/psb.26780. [PMID: 24494234 PMCID: PMC4091115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Revised: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
During the plant cell cycle, genes preferentially expressed at the G2/M phase are regulated by R1R2R3-type Myb transcription factors. To address the function of 2 tobacco R1R2R3-Myb proteins, NtmybA1 and NtmybA2, we generated transgenic tobacco plants in which endogenous NtmybA2 transcripts were significantly decreased, presumably due to cosuppression triggered by the presence of the NtmybA2 transgene. These lines showed a concomitant downregulation of structurally related NtmybA1 and many G2/M-expressed genes. In the cosuppression plants, we found a dwarf phenotype due to both reduced cell size and decreased cell number. Our results provide evidence confirming our previous view that NtmybA1 and NtmybA2 may regulate cell expansion as well as cell division by transcriptionally activating many G2/M-expressed genes in tobacco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Araki
- Division of Biological Science; Graduate School of Science; Nagoya University; Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kiichi Kato
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences; Nagoya University; Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Toshiya Suzuki
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences; Nagoya University; Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
- JST; CREST; Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Toru Okumura
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences; Nagoya University; Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasunori Machida
- Division of Biological Science; Graduate School of Science; Nagoya University; Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masaki Ito
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences; Nagoya University; Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
- JST; CREST; Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
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Li X, Chang Y, Xin X, Zhu C, Li X, Higgins JD, Wu C. Replication protein A2c coupled with replication protein A1c regulates crossover formation during meiosis in rice. Plant Cell 2013; 25:3885-99. [PMID: 24122830 PMCID: PMC3877797 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.113.118042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Revised: 09/15/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Replication protein A (RPA) is a conserved heterotrimeric protein complex comprising RPA1, RPA2, and RPA3 subunits involved in multiple DNA metabolism pathways attributable to its single-stranded DNA binding property. Unlike other species possessing a single RPA2 gene, rice (Oryza sativa) possesses three RPA2 paralogs, but their functions remain unclear. In this study, we identified RPA2c, a rice gene preferentially expressed during meiosis. A T-DNA insertional mutant (rpa2c) exhibited reduced bivalent formation, leading to chromosome nondisjunction. In rpa2c, chiasma frequency is reduced by ~78% compared with the wild type and is accompanied by loss of the obligate chiasma. The residual ~22% chiasmata fit a Poisson distribution, suggesting loss of crossover control. RPA2c colocalized with the meiotic cohesion subunit REC8 and the axis-associated protein PAIR2. Localization of REC8 was necessary for loading of RPA2c to the chromosomes. In addition, RPA2c partially colocalized with MER3 during late leptotene, thus indicating that RPA2c is required for class I crossover formation at a late stage of homologous recombination. Furthermore, we identified RPA1c, an RPA1 subunit with nearly overlapping distribution to RPA2c, required for ~79% of chiasmata formation. Our results demonstrate that an RPA complex comprising RPA2c and RPA1c is required to promote meiotic crossovers in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingwang Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yuxiao Chang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xiaodong Xin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Chunmei Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xianghua Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - James D. Higgins
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Changyin Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei Province, China
- Address correspondence to
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Smith RA, Schuetz M, Roach M, Mansfield SD, Ellis B, Samuels L. Neighboring parenchyma cells contribute to Arabidopsis xylem lignification, while lignification of interfascicular fibers is cell autonomous. Plant Cell 2013; 25:3988-99. [PMID: 24096341 PMCID: PMC3877792 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.113.117176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Revised: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Lignin is a critical structural component of plants, providing vascular integrity and mechanical strength. Lignin precursors (monolignols) must be exported to the extracellular matrix where random oxidative coupling produces a complex lignin polymer. The objectives of this study were twofold: to determine the timing of lignification with respect to programmed cell death and to test if nonlignifying xylary parenchyma cells can contribute to the lignification of tracheary elements and fibers. This study demonstrates that lignin deposition is not exclusively a postmortem event, but also occurs prior to programmed cell death. Radiolabeled monolignols were not detected in the cytoplasm or vacuoles of tracheary elements or neighbors. To experimentally define which cells in lignifying tissues contribute to lignification in intact plants, a microRNA against cinnamoyl CoA-reductase1 driven by the promoter from cellulose synthase7 (ProCESA7:miRNA CCR1) was used to silence monolignol biosynthesis specifically in cells developing lignified secondary cell walls. When monolignol biosynthesis in ProCESA7:miRNA CCR1 lines was silenced in the lignifying cells themselves, but not in the neighboring cells, lignin was still deposited in the xylem secondary cell walls. Surprisingly, a dramatic reduction in cell wall lignification of extraxylary fiber cells demonstrates that extraxylary fibers undergo cell autonomous lignification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A. Smith
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Mathias Schuetz
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Melissa Roach
- Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Shawn D. Mansfield
- Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Brian Ellis
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Lacey Samuels
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Address correspondence to
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McMichael CM, Reynolds GD, Koch LM, Wang C, Jiang N, Nadeau J, Sack FD, Gelderman MB, Pan J, Bednarek SY. Mediation of clathrin-dependent trafficking during cytokinesis and cell expansion by Arabidopsis stomatal cytokinesis defective proteins. Plant Cell 2013; 25:3910-25. [PMID: 24179130 PMCID: PMC3877817 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.113.115162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Revised: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Stomatal cytokinesis defective1 (SCD1) encodes a putative Rab guanine nucleotide exchange factor that functions in membrane trafficking and is required for cytokinesis and cell expansion in Arabidopsis thaliana. Here, we show that the loss of SCD2 function disrupts cytokinesis and cell expansion and impairs fertility, phenotypes similar to those observed for scd1 mutants. Genetic and biochemical analyses showed that SCD1 function is dependent upon SCD2 and that together these proteins are required for plasma membrane internalization. Further specifying the role of these proteins in membrane trafficking, SCD1 and SCD2 proteins were found to be associated with isolated clathrin-coated vesicles and to colocalize with clathrin light chain at putative sites of endocytosis at the plasma membrane. Together, these data suggest that SCD1 and SCD2 function in clathrin-mediated membrane transport, including plasma membrane endocytosis, required for cytokinesis and cell expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen M. McMichael
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Gregory D. Reynolds
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Lisa M. Koch
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Chao Wang
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Zhejiang 321004, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Zhejiang 321004, China
| | - Jeanette Nadeau
- Department of Plant Biology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Fred D. Sack
- Department of Plant Biology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Max B. Gelderman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Jianwei Pan
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Zhejiang 321004, China
| | - Sebastian Y. Bednarek
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
- Address correspondence to
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Kim SM, Bae C, Oh SK, Choi D. A pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) metacaspase 9 (Camc9) plays a role in pathogen-induced cell death in plants. Mol Plant Pathol 2013; 14:557-66. [PMID: 23522353 PMCID: PMC6638822 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Metacaspases, which belong to the cysteine-type C14 protease family, are most structurally similar to mammalian caspases than any other caspase-like protease in plants. Atmc9 (Arabidopsis thaliana metacaspase 9) has a unique domain structure, and distinct biochemical characteristics, such as Ca²⁺ binding, pH, redox status, S-nitrosylation and specific protease inhibitors. However, the biological roles of Atmc9 in plant-pathogen interactions remain largely unknown. In this study, a metacaspase gene present as a single copy in the pepper genome, and sharing 54% amino acid sequence identity with Atmc9, was isolated and named Capsicum annuum metacaspase 9 (Camc9). Camc9 encodes a 318-amino-acid polypeptide with an estimated molecular weight of 34.6 kDa, and shares approximately 40% amino acid sequence identity with known type II metacaspases in plants. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analyses revealed that the expression of Camc9 was induced by infections of Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria race 1 and race 3 and treatment with methyl jasmonate. Suppression of Camc9 expression using virus-induced gene silencing enhanced disease resistance and suppressed cell death symptom development following infection with virulent bacterial pathogens. By contrast, overexpression of Camc9 by transient or stable transformation enhanced disease susceptibility and pathogen-induced cell death by regulation of reactive oxygen species production and defence-related gene expression. These results suggest that Camc9 is a possible member of the metacaspase gene family and plays a role as a positive regulator of pathogen-induced cell death in the plant kingdom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Min Kim
- Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, South Korea
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Rusconi F, Simeoni F, Francia P, Cominelli E, Conti L, Riboni M, Simoni L, Martin CR, Tonelli C, Galbiati M. The Arabidopsis thaliana MYB60 promoter provides a tool for the spatio-temporal control of gene expression in stomatal guard cells. J Exp Bot 2013; 64:3361-71. [PMID: 23828545 PMCID: PMC3733157 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ert180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Plants have evolved different strategies to resist drought, of which the best understood is the abscisic acid (ABA)-induced closure of stomatal pores to reduce water loss by transpiration. The availability of useful promoters that allow for precise spatial and temporal control of gene expression in stomata is essential both for investigating stomatal regulation in model systems and for biotechnological applications in field crops. Previous work indicated that the regulatory region of the transcription factor AtMYB60 specifically drives gene expression in guard cells of Arabidopsis, although its activity is rapidly down-regulated by ABA. Here, the activity of the full-length and minimal AtMYB60 promoters is reported in rice (Oryza sativa), tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), using a reporter gene approach. In rice, the activity of both promoters was completely abolished, whereas it was spatially restricted to guard cells in tobacco and tomato. To overcome the negative effect of ABA on the AtMYB60 promoter, a chimeric inducible system was developed, which combined the cellular specificity of the AtMYB60 minimal promoter with the positive responsiveness to dehydration and ABA of the rd29A promoter. Remarkably, the synthetic module specifically up-regulated gene expression in guard cells of Arabidopsis, tobacco, and tomato in response to dehydration or ABA. The comparative analysis of different native and synthetic regulatory modules derived from the AtMYB60 promoter offers new insights into the functional conservation of the cis-mechanisms that mediate gene expression in guard cells in distantly related dicotyledonous species and provides novel tools for modulating stomatal activity in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabio Simeoni
- Fondazione Filarete, Milano, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Priscilla Francia
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
- * Present address: Dipartimento Formazione e Apprendimento SUPSI-DFA, Locarno, Switzerland
| | - Eleonora Cominelli
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
- Present address: Istituto di Biologia e Biotecnologia Agraria, CNR, Milano, Italy
| | - Lucio Conti
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Matteo Riboni
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | | | | | - Chiara Tonelli
- Fondazione Filarete, Milano, Italy
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Massimo Galbiati
- Fondazione Filarete, Milano, Italy
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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Kwon KC, Verma D, Jin S, Singh ND, Daniell H. Release of proteins from intact chloroplasts induced by reactive oxygen species during biotic and abiotic stress. PLoS One 2013; 8:e67106. [PMID: 23799142 PMCID: PMC3682959 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Plastids sustain life on this planet by providing food, feed, essential biomolecules and oxygen. Such diverse metabolic and biosynthetic functions require efficient communication between plastids and the nucleus. However, specific factors, especially large molecules, released from plastids that regulate nuclear genes have not yet been fully elucidated. When tobacco and lettuce transplastomic plants expressing GFP within chloroplasts, were challenged with Erwinia carotovora (biotic stress) or paraquat (abiotic stress), GFP was released into the cytoplasm. During this process GFP moves gradually towards the envelope, creating a central red zone of chlorophyll fluorescence. GFP was then gradually released from intact chloroplasts into the cytoplasm with an intact vacuole and no other visible cellular damage. Different stages of GFP release were observed inside the same cell with a few chloroplasts completely releasing GFP with detection of only red chlorophyll fluorescence or with no reduction in GFP fluorescence or transitional steps between these two phases. Time lapse imaging by confocal microscopy clearly identified sequence of these events. Intactness of chloroplasts during this process was evident from chlorophyll fluorescence emanated from thylakoid membranes and in vivo Chla fluorescence measurements (maximum quantum yield of photosystem II) made before or after infection with pathogens to evaluate their photosynthetic competence. Hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion serve as signal molecules for generation of reactive oxygen species and Tiron, scavenger of superoxide anion, blocked release of GFP from chloroplasts. Significant increase in ion leakage in the presence of paraquat and light suggests changes in the chloroplast envelope to facilitate protein release. Release of GFP-RC101 (an antimicrobial peptide), which was triggered by Erwinia infection, ceased after conferring protection, further confirming this export phenomenon. These results suggest a novel signaling mechanism, especially for participation of chloroplast proteins (e.g. transcription factors) in retrograde signaling, thereby offering new opportunities to regulate pathways outside chloroplasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang-Chul Kwon
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, United States of America
- Departments of Biochemistry and Pathology, University of Pennsylvania, School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Dheeraj Verma
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, United States of America
| | - Shuangxia Jin
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, United States of America
| | - Nameirakpam D. Singh
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, United States of America
| | - Henry Daniell
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, United States of America
- Departments of Biochemistry and Pathology, University of Pennsylvania, School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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Suzuki T, Tsunekawa S, Koizuka C, Yamamoto K, Imamura J, Nakamura K, Ishiguro S. Development and disintegration of tapetum-specific lipid-accumulating organelles, elaioplasts and tapetosomes, in Arabidopsis thaliana and Brassica napus. Plant Sci 2013; 207:25-36. [PMID: 23602096 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2013.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2012] [Revised: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/09/2013] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The pollen coat covering the surface of pollen grains has many important roles for pollination. In Brassicaceae plants, the pollen coat components are synthesized and temporarily accumulated in two tapetum-specific organelles, the elaioplast and the tapetosome. Although many biochemical and electron microscopic analyses have been attempted, the structure and biogenesis of these organelles have not been fully elucidated. To resolve this problem, we performed live imaging of these organelles using two markers, FIB1a-GFP and GRP17-GFP. FIB1a is an Arabidopsis fibrillin, a structural protein of elaioplast plastoglobules. In transgenic Arabidopsis, fluorescence of FIB1a-GFP appeared in young elaioplasts, in which small plastoglobules were developing. However, the fluorescence disappeared in later stages, while enlargement of plastoglobules continued. GRP17 is an Arabidopsis oleopollenin, an oleosin-like protein in tapetosomes. Fluorescence microscopy of GRP17-GFP expressed in Arabidopsis and Brassica napus revealed that tapetosomes do not contain oleopollenin-coated vesicles but have an outer envelope, indicating that the tapetosome structure is distinct from seed oil bodies. Visualization of GRP17-GFP also demonstrated that the tapetal cells become protoplasts and migrate into locules before pollen coat formation, and provided live imaging of the foot formation between pollen grains and stigmatic papilla cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiya Suzuki
- Department of Biological Mechanisms and Functions, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
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Igawa T, Yanagawa Y, Miyagishima SY, Mori T. Analysis of gamete membrane dynamics during double fertilization of Arabidopsis. J Plant Res 2013; 126:387-94. [PMID: 23076439 PMCID: PMC4194012 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-012-0528-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2012] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Angiosperms have a unique sexual reproduction system called "double fertilization." One sperm cell fertilizes the egg and another sperm cell fertilizes the central cell. To date, plant gamete membrane dynamics during fertilization has been poorly understood. To analyze this unrevealed gamete subcellular behavior, live cell imaging analyses of Arabidopsis double fertilization were performed. We produced female gamete membrane marker lines in which fluorescent proteins conjugated with PIP2a finely visualized egg cell and central cell surfaces. Using those lines together with a sperm cell membrane marker line expressing GCS1-GFP, the double fertilization process was observed. As a result, after gamete fusion, putative sperm plasma membrane GFP signals were occasionally detected on the egg cell surface adjacent to the central cell. In addition, time-lapse imaging revealed that GCS1-GFP signals entered both the egg cell and the central cell in parallel with the sperm cell movement toward the female gametes during double fertilization. These findings suggested that the gamete fusion process based on membrane dynamics was composed of (1) plasma membrane fusion on male and female gamete surfaces, (2) entry of sperm internal membrane components into the female gametes, and (3) plasmogamy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Igawa
- />The Plant Science Education Unit, The Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0101 Japan
- />Initiative Research Program, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198 Japan
- />Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, 648 Matsudo, Matsudo, Chiba 271-8510 Japan
| | - Yuki Yanagawa
- />The Plant Science Education Unit, The Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0101 Japan
- />Plant Functional Genomics Research Group, RIKEN Plant Science Center, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045 Japan
| | - Shin-ya Miyagishima
- />Initiative Research Program, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198 Japan
- />Center for Frontier Research, National Institute of Genetics, 1111 Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540 Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Mori
- />Initiative Research Program, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198 Japan
- />Waseda Institute for Advanced Study, Waseda University, 1-6-1 Nishiwaseda, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169-8050 Japan
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48
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Kong Y, Zhu Y, Gao C, She W, Lin W, Chen Y, Han N, Bian H, Zhu M, Wang J. Tissue-specific expression of SMALL AUXIN UP RNA41 differentially regulates cell expansion and root meristem patterning in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell Physiol 2013; 54:609-21. [PMID: 23396598 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pct028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Among the three primary auxin-induced gene families, Auxin/Indole-3-Acetic Acid (Aux/IAA), Gretchen Hagen3 (GH3) and SMALL AUXIN UP RNA (SAUR), the function of SAUR genes remains unclear. Arabidopsis SAUR genes have been phylogenetically classified into three clades. Recent work has suggested that SAUR19 (clade II) and SAUR63 (clade I) promote cell expansion through the modulation of auxin transport. Herein, we present our work on SAUR41, a clade III SAUR gene with a distinctive expression pattern in root meristems. SAUR41 was normally expressed in the quiescent center and cortex/endodermis initials; upon auxin stimulation, the expression was provoked in the endodermal layer. During lateral root development, SAUR41 was expressed in prospective stem cell niches of lateral root primordia and in expanding endodermal cells surrounding the primordia. SAUR41-EGFP (enhanced green fluorescent protein) fusion proteins localized to the cytoplasm. Overexpression of SAUR41 from the Cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter led to pleiotropic auxin-related phenotypes, including long hypocotyls, increased vegetative biomass and lateral root development, expanded petals and twisted inflorescence stems. Ectopic SAUR41 proteins were able to promote auxin transport in hypocotyls. Tissue-specific expression of SAUR41 from the PIN1, WOX5, PLT2 and ACR4 promoters induced the formation of new auxin accumulation/signaling peaks above the quiescent centers, whereas tissue-specific expression of SAUR41 from the PIN2 and PLT2 promoters enhanced root gravitropic growth. Cells in the root stem cell niches of these transgenic seedlings were differentially enlarged. The distinctive expression pattern of the SAUR41 gene and the explicit function of SAUR41 proteins implied that further investigations on the loss-of-function phenotypes of this gene in root development and environmental responses are of great interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Kong
- Institute of Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Nicolas P, Lecourieux D, Gomès E, Delrot S, Lecourieux F. The grape berry-specific basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor VvCEB1 affects cell size. J Exp Bot 2013; 64:991-1003. [PMID: 23314819 PMCID: PMC3580811 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ers374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The development of fleshy fruits involves complex physiological and biochemical changes. After fertilization, fruit growth usually begins with cell division, continues with both cell division and expansion, allowing fruit set to occur, and ends with cell expansion only. In spite of the economical importance of grapevine, the molecular mechanisms controlling berry growth are not fully understood. The present work identified and characterized Vitis vinifera cell elongation bHLH protein (VvCEB1), a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor controlling cell expansion in grape. VvCEB1 was expressed specifically in berry-expanding tissues with a maximum around veraison. The study of VvCEB1 promoter activity in tomato confirmed its specific fruit expression during the expansion phase. Overexpression of VvCEB1 in grape embryos showed that this protein stimulates cell expansion and affects the expression of genes involved in cell expansion, including genes of auxin metabolism and signalling. Taken together, these data show that VvCEB1 is a fruit-specific bHLH transcription factor involved in grape berry development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Nicolas
- Present address: Departamento de Biología Medioambiental, CIB-CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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50
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Pozhvanov GA, Suslov DV, Medvedev SS. [Actin cytoskeleton rearrangements during the gravitropic response of Arabidopsis roots]. Tsitologiia 2013; 55:28-35. [PMID: 23662576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Gravitropic response is a plant growth response against changing its position relative to the gravity vector. In the present work we studied actin cytoskeleton rearrangements during Arabidopsis root gravitropic response. Two alternative approaches were used to visualize actin microfilaments: histochemical staining of fixed roots with rhodamine-phalloidin and live imaging of microfilaments in GFP-fABD2 transgenic plants. The curvature of actin microfilaments was shown to be increased within 30-60 min of gravistimulation, the fraction of auxially oriented microfilaments decreased with a concomitant increase in the fraction of oblique and transversally oriented microfilaments. Methodological issues of actin cytoskeleton visualization in the study of Arabidopsis root gravitropic response, as well as the role of microfilaments at the stages of gravity perception, signal transduction and gravitropic bending formation are discussed. It is concluded that the actin cytoskeleton rearrangements observed are associated with the regulation of basic mechanisms of cell extension growth by which the gravitropic bending is formed.
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