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Yang J, Liu M, Sahu SK, Li R, Wang G, Guo X, Liu J, Cheng L, Jiang H, Zhao F, Wei S, Luo S, Liu H. Chromosome-scale genomes of five Hongmu species in Leguminosae. Sci Data 2023; 10:710. [PMID: 37848504 PMCID: PMC10582184 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02593-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The Legume family (Leguminosae or Fabaceae), is one of the largest and economically important flowering plants. Heartwood, the core of a tree trunk or branch, is a valuable and renewable resource employed for centuries in constructing sturdy and sustainable structures. Hongmu refers to a category of precious timber trees in China, encompassing 29 woody species, primarily from the legume genus. Due to the lack of genome data, detailed studies on their economic and ecological importance are limited. Therefore, this study generates chromosome-scale assemblies of five Hongmu species in Leguminosae: Pterocarpus santalinus, Pterocarpus macrocarpus, Dalbergia cochinchinensis, Dalbergia cultrata, and Senna siamea, using a combination of short-reads, long-read nanopore, and Hi-C data. We obtained 623.86 Mb, 634.58 Mb, 700.60 Mb, 645.98 Mb, and 437.29 Mb of pseudochromosome level assemblies with the scaffold N50 lengths of 63.1 Mb, 63.7 Mb, 70.4 Mb, 61.1 Mb and 32.2 Mb for P. santalinus, P. macrocarpus, D. cochinchinensis, D. cultrata and S. siamea, respectively. These genome data will serve as a valuable resource for studying crucial traits, like wood quality, disease resistance, and environmental adaptation in Hongmu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlong Yang
- College of Forensic Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, Key Laboratory of Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture, BGI Research, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Min Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, Key Laboratory of Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture, BGI Research, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Sunil Kumar Sahu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, Key Laboratory of Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture, BGI Research, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Ruirui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, Key Laboratory of Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture, BGI Research, Shenzhen, 518083, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Guanlong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, Key Laboratory of Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture, BGI Research, Shenzhen, 518083, China
- College of Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xing Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, Key Laboratory of Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture, BGI Research, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Jianmei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, Key Laboratory of Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture, BGI Research, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Le Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, Key Laboratory of Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture, BGI Research, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Huayan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, Key Laboratory of Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture, BGI Research, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Feng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Ethnic Medical Resources Research and Southeast Asian International Cooperation in Yunnan Province, School of Tea and Coffee & School of Bioinformatics and Engineering, Pu'er University, Puer, 665000, China
| | - Shuguang Wei
- College of Forensic Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China.
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Public Health for Forensic Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China.
| | - Shixiao Luo
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510650, China.
| | - Huan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, Key Laboratory of Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture, BGI Research, Shenzhen, 518083, China.
- BGI Life Science Joint Research Center, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China.
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Ihedioha TE, Asuzu IU, Anaga AO, Ihedioha JI, Nnadi CO. Bioassay guided fractionation, isolation and characterization of hepatotherapeutic 1, 3-di-ortho-galloyl quinic acid from the methanol extract of the leaves of Pterocarpus santalinoides. J Ethnopharmacol 2023; 301:115864. [PMID: 36283637 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Leaf extracts of Pterocarpus santalinoides DC are traditionally used to ameliorate ageing-related ailments such as heart and liver diseases, and have been reported to be protective against toxic injuries to the liver. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to isolate and characterize the hepatoprotective/hepatotherapeutic principle in the methanol leaf extract of P. santalinoides. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fresh leaves of P. santalinoides were dried under shade and ground into powder. The ground leaves (2 Kg) were extracted with 80% methanol by maceration. Fractionation was carried out using column and thin layer chromatography techniques. Bioassay of fractions and sub-fractions was done using carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatotoxicity model in albino rats. Phytochemical analysis was carried out on the active compound. Characterization and structural elucidation of the active compound using high performance liquid chromatography and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was done. RESULTS Extraction yielded 260 g dry extract. Six fractions (F1, F2, F3, F4, F5 and F6) were obtained after column and thin layer chromatography, with F6 (Rf = 0.78; Yield = 2.13 g) being the most active hepatotherapeutic fraction that significantly (p < 0.05) lowered serum ALT activity and increased serum albumin levels in CCl4-induced hepatopathy in albino rats. Further separation of F6 yielded four sub-fractions (F61, F62, F63 and F64), of which F61 with an Rf of 0.85 and a yield of 30.0 mg was isolated as the active hepatotherapeutic compound. Stiasny and ferric chloride test of F61 showed the presence of tannins in the fraction. Characterization of F61 revealed 1, 3-di-ortho-galloyl quinic acid. CONCLUSION The hepatoprotective/hepatotherapeutic principle in the methanol extract of the leaves of P. santalinoides was identified as 1, 3-di-ortho-galloyl quinic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thelma E Ihedioha
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria.
| | - Isaac U Asuzu
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Aruh O Anaga
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - John I Ihedioha
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Charles O Nnadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
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Аrbаin D, Saputri GA, Syahputra GS, Widiyastuti Y, Susanti D, Taher M. Genus Pterocarpus: A review of ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, biological activities, and clinical evidence. J Ethnopharmacol 2021; 278:114316. [PMID: 34116190 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The genus Pterocarpus (Fabaceae) has about 46 species that are distributed over Asia, especially Indonesia, Africa, and several countries in America. Particularly, P. indicus and P. santalinus have been recorded as ancestor recipe in the old Indonesian book (Cabe puyang warisan nenek moyang). These plants have found application in traditional medicine, such as in the treatment of inflammatory diseases, gonorrhoea, infection, coughs, mouth ulcers, boils, diarrhoea, as well as in the management of pain (as an analgesic). AIM OF THE REVIEW The present review aimed to comprehensively summarise the current researches on the traditional and scientific applications of the genus Pterocarpus with regard to the phytochemical content, in vivo and in vitro bioactivities, as well as clinical evidence that may be useful for future drug development. MATERIALS AND METHODS Information about the Pterocarpus genus were obtained from local classic herbal literature and electronic databases, such as PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. The scientific name of the species and its synonyms were checked with the information of The Plant List. Additionally, clinical trial results were obtained from the Cochrane library. RESULTS Several phytochemical constituents of the plants, e.g., flavonoids, isoflavonoids, terpenoids, phenolic acids, and fatty acids have been reported. There are about 11 species of Pterocarpus that have been scientifically studied for their biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, analgesic, and anti-hyperglycemic. Of which, the anti-hyperglycemic activity of the extracts and phytochemicals of P. indicus and P. marsupium is particularly remarkable, allowing them to be further studied under clinical trial. CONCLUSION The present review has provided an insight into the traditional applications of the plants and some of them have been validated by scientific evidence, particularly their applications as anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial agents. In addition, the genus has demonstrated notable anti-diabetic activity in various clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dаyаr Аrbаin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas 17 Agustus 1945, Jakarta, 14350, Indonesia.
| | - Gita Ayu Saputri
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas 17 Agustus 1945, Jakarta, 14350, Indonesia.
| | | | - Yuli Widiyastuti
- Medicinal Plant and Traditional Medicine Research and Development Center, Jl. Raya Lawu 11, Tawangmangu, Karanganyar, Central Java, 57792, Indonesia.
| | - Deny Susanti
- Department of Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, 25200, Malaysia.
| | - Muhammad Taher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, 25200, Malaysia.
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Dahat Y, Saha P, Mathew JT, Chaudhary SK, Srivastava AK, Kumar D. Traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological attributes of Pterocarpus santalinus and future directions: A review. J Ethnopharmacol 2021; 276:114127. [PMID: 33915135 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Pterocarpus santalinus, an ancient folk medicine, is endemic to the eastern ghats of south India, and the heartwood is prescribed since time immemorial for the mitigation of inflammatory disorders in traditional practice and ayurvedic system of medicines. AIM OF THE STUDY This review aims to provide collective pieces of information of the traditional uses, phytochemicals, and pharmacological facets of P. santalinus, with an intuition for promoting future research to explore its pharmaceutical potential as a therapeutic agent against modern maladies. MATERIAL AND METHODS Extensive literature search was performed to collate the data by using various electronic search engines. A network pharmacology-based approach is incorporated for validation of traditional claims orbiting around anti-inflammatory properties and directed its future exploration against obesity, ovarian inflammation, ovarian folliculogenesis, and inflammatory breast cancer. RESULTS In a nutshell, the present review encompasses the phytochemistry, pharmacology of this species intending to sensitize the scientific community for future research on this promising plant. Nearly 85 chemical constituents are reported from the plants wherein bark and leaves are enriched with the lupane and oleanane class of triterpene while sesquiterpenes and polyphenolic compounds are predominantly present in the heartwood of the plant. Although phytochemical investigations are being reported since the mid-twentieth century however there has been recent interest in the evaluation of biological activities such as anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, anti-viral, etc. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, a systematic phytochemical analysis and pharmacological exploration in close collaboration for establishing the therapeutic potential of the chemical constituents present in P. santalinus is recommended to substantiate the traditional claims for bringing it into the mainstream pharmaceutical and commercial utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogita Dahat
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (IICB), 4, Raja SC Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Priyanka Saha
- Cancer Biology & Inflammatory Disorder Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (IICB), 4, Raja SC Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, India
| | - J T Mathew
- West Bengal Forest Department, Kolkata, India
| | - Sushil K Chaudhary
- Faculty of Pharmacy, DIT University, Mussoorie-Diversion Road, Makkawala, Dehradun, 248009, Uttarakhand, India; Institute of Bioresources & Sustainable Development, Takyelpat, Imphal, Manipur, India.
| | - Amit K Srivastava
- Cancer Biology & Inflammatory Disorder Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (IICB), 4, Raja SC Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, India.
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (IICB), 4, Raja SC Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, India.
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Santos ES, Luís Â, Gonçalves J, Rosado T, Pereira L, Gallardo E, Duarte AP. Julbernardia paniculata and Pterocarpus angolensis: From Ethnobotanical Surveys to Phytochemical Characterization and Bioactivities Evaluation. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25081828. [PMID: 32316213 PMCID: PMC7221604 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25081828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Julbernardia paniculata and Pterocarpus angolensis are two plant species with important application in African traditional medicine, particularly in Angola, in the treatment of several diseases. However, scientific studies concerning these species are scarce. The goal of this work was to know better which medicinal approaches are used by the Huíla population in Angola by means of ethnobotanical surveys. Furthermore, extracts of both plants were phytochemically characterized. Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, wound-healing activities, and potential cytotoxicity were also studied. With this study it was possible to verify that 67% of the individuals that use medicinal plants are women, and their main therapeutic uses are the treatment of problems of the digestive system and skin disorders. Barks of J. paniculata and leaves of P. angolensis are the most often used plant parts. Through high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to diode-array detector (HPLC-DAD) and GC-MS it was possible to characterize the chemical composition of the two species, which are rich in phenolic compounds, terpenes, terpenoids, sesquiterpenoids and fatty acids. Both plants showed to possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory proprieties, and wound-healing activity. To the best of our knowledge, this is the most comprehensive study of these two species and the first ethnobotanical and ethnopharmacological study of medicinal plants from this region of Angola.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugénia Solange Santos
- Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde (CICS-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (E.S.S.); (Â.L.); (J.G.); (T.R.); (E.G.)
- Instituto Superior Politécnico da Huíla, Universidade Mandume Ya Ndemufayo, Bairro Comercial, Avenida Hoji Ya Henda N. 30, Caixa Postal N. 201, Lubango, Huíla, Angola
| | - Ângelo Luís
- Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde (CICS-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (E.S.S.); (Â.L.); (J.G.); (T.R.); (E.G.)
- Laboratório de Fármaco-Toxicologia, UBIMedical, Universidade da Beira Interior, Estrada Municipal 506, 6200-284 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Joana Gonçalves
- Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde (CICS-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (E.S.S.); (Â.L.); (J.G.); (T.R.); (E.G.)
- Laboratório de Fármaco-Toxicologia, UBIMedical, Universidade da Beira Interior, Estrada Municipal 506, 6200-284 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Tiago Rosado
- Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde (CICS-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (E.S.S.); (Â.L.); (J.G.); (T.R.); (E.G.)
- Laboratório de Fármaco-Toxicologia, UBIMedical, Universidade da Beira Interior, Estrada Municipal 506, 6200-284 Covilhã, Portugal
- C4-Cloud Computing Competence Centre, UBIMedical, Universidade da Beira Interior, Estrada Municipal 506, 6200-284 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Luísa Pereira
- Centro de Matemática e Aplicações (CMA-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, Rua Marquês d’Ávila e Bolama, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal;
| | - Eugenia Gallardo
- Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde (CICS-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (E.S.S.); (Â.L.); (J.G.); (T.R.); (E.G.)
- Laboratório de Fármaco-Toxicologia, UBIMedical, Universidade da Beira Interior, Estrada Municipal 506, 6200-284 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Ana Paula Duarte
- Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde (CICS-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (E.S.S.); (Â.L.); (J.G.); (T.R.); (E.G.)
- Laboratório de Fármaco-Toxicologia, UBIMedical, Universidade da Beira Interior, Estrada Municipal 506, 6200-284 Covilhã, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-275-329-099
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Ham B, Kim M, Son YJ, Chang S, Jung SH, Nho CW, Kwon MJ. Inhibitory Effects of Pterocarpus santalinus Extract against IgE/Antigen-Sensitized Mast Cells and Atopic Dermatitis-Like Skin Lesions. Planta Med 2019; 85:599-607. [PMID: 30609435 DOI: 10.1055/a-0824-1282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Pterocarpus santalinus has been traditionally used as a medicinal plant owing to its anti-inflammatory, anthelmintic, tonic, antihyperglycemic, and diaphoretic properties. We hypothesized that P. santalinus might have therapeutic potential in alleviating allergy and atopic dermatitis. Thus, we investigated the inhibitory effects of P. santalinus extract against allergic responses and 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene-induced atopic dermatitis-like dorsal skin lesions using immunoglobulin E-sensitized rat basophilic leukemia-2H3 mast cells and NC/Nga mice. Degranulation and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were conducted to measure degranulation, proinflammatory cytokine levels, and prostaglandin E2 concentrations in immunoglobulin E/antigen-sensitized RBL-2H3 mast cells. The therapeutic efficacy of P. santalinus extract in 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene-induced atopic dermatitis was evaluated through morphological, physiological, and immunological analysis. P. santalinus extract inhibited β-hexosaminidase and histamine release and reduced tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-4, and prostaglandin E2 secretion. Furthermore, P. santalinus extract suppressed atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions by regulating the serum levels of immunoglobulin E and immunoglobulin G2a, and messenger ribonucleic acid expression of T helper cell 1- and T helper cell 2-related mediators in the skin lesions. Histopathological analyses showed a decrease in epidermal thickness and intradermal inflammatory cell infiltration. These results suggested that P. santalinus extract might have beneficial effects in treating allergic and atopic dermatitis-like skin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baknoon Ham
- Graduate School of Energy and Environment, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Myungsuk Kim
- Natural Products Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung, South Korea
- Smart Farm Solution Convergence Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung, South Korea
| | - Yang-Ju Son
- Natural Products Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung, South Korea
- Smart Farm Solution Convergence Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung, South Korea
| | - Sungyul Chang
- Smart Farm Solution Convergence Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung, South Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Jung
- Natural Products Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung, South Korea
| | - Chu Won Nho
- Smart Farm Solution Convergence Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung, South Korea
| | - Man Jae Kwon
- Graduate School of Energy and Environment, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
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Li L, Tao RH, Wu JM, Guo YP, Huang C, Liang HG, Fan LZ, Zhang HY, Sun RK, Shang L, Lu LN, Huang J, Wang JH. Three new sesquiterpenes from Pterocarpus santalinus. J Asian Nat Prod Res 2018; 20:306-312. [PMID: 28581822 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2017.1335714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Three new sesquiterpenes of canusesnol K (1), canusesnol L (2) and 12, 15-dihydroxycurcumene (3), along with five known ones (4-8), were isolated from the heartwood extract of Pterocarpus santalinus. Their structures were established by extensive analyses of 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, including 1H NMR, 13C NMR, HSQC, HMBC and NOESY, and HRESI-MS. The absolute configurations of the new compounds were established with Modified Mosher's method. The cytotoxic activities of all these compounds against HepG2 (human liver cancer), MCF-7 (human breast cancer), MDA-MB-231 (human breast cancer), and Hela (human cervical carcinoma) cancer cell lines were evaluated. Compound 1 exhibited moderate cytotoxic activity toward MDA-MB-231 cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- a Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education , School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang 110016 , China
| | - Run-Hong Tao
- b Research and Development Department , Liaoning Pharma-union Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. , Benxi 117000 , China
| | - Ji-Ming Wu
- a Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education , School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang 110016 , China
| | - Ya-Ping Guo
- a Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education , School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang 110016 , China
- c Research and Development Department , Shenzhen Honghui BioPharmaceutical Co. Ltd. , Shenzhen 518118 , China
| | - Chao Huang
- a Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education , School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang 110016 , China
| | - Hong-Gang Liang
- a Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education , School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang 110016 , China
| | - Le-Zhi Fan
- c Research and Development Department , Shenzhen Honghui BioPharmaceutical Co. Ltd. , Shenzhen 518118 , China
| | - Hai-Yan Zhang
- c Research and Development Department , Shenzhen Honghui BioPharmaceutical Co. Ltd. , Shenzhen 518118 , China
| | - Ren-Kuan Sun
- c Research and Development Department , Shenzhen Honghui BioPharmaceutical Co. Ltd. , Shenzhen 518118 , China
| | - Lei Shang
- d College of Basic Medical Science, Shenyang Medical College , Shenyang 110034 , China
| | - Li-Na Lu
- a Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education , School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang 110016 , China
| | - Jian Huang
- a Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education , School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang 110016 , China
| | - Jin-Hui Wang
- a Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education , School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang 110016 , China
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Tittikpina NK, Nana F, Fontanay S, Philippot S, Batawila K, Akpagana K, Kirsch G, Chaimbault P, Jacob C, Duval RE. Antibacterial activity and cytotoxicity of Pterocarpus erinaceus Poir extracts, fractions and isolated compounds. J Ethnopharmacol 2018; 212:200-207. [PMID: 29107142 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Pterocarpus erinaceus has been chosen based on ethnobotanical surveys carried out in the Tchamba district of the Republic of Togo. AIM OF THE STUDY Investigation of the antibacterial as well as cytotoxic activities of whole extracts, fractions and compounds isolated from the leaves, trunk bark and roots of Pterocarpus erinaceus. MATERIALS AND METHODS Bio-guided fractionation of the raw extracts of plant parts and subsequent isolation of compounds from active fractions using normal phase open column chromatography. The broth microdilution method was used to evaluate the antibacterial activity, based on the determination of Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs) against several bacterial species representative of the most commonly encountered infectious diseases worldwide. The cytotoxicity of the raw extract and the most active fractions on a human non-cancerous cell (namely MRC-5) was estimated with a MTT assay. The chemical structure of the compounds isolated was elucidated using a combination of advanced Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Mass Spectrometry (MS). RESULTS All extracts and fractions tested have shown good activities against Gram-positive bacteria (including Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, MRSA) and against Pseudomonas aeruginosa with MIC values ranging from 32µg/mL to 256µg/mL. In contrast, extracts were not toxic to MRC-5 cells. Four compounds have been isolated: Compound 1 (friedeline); Compound 2 (2,3 dihydroxypropyloctacosanoate); Compound 3 (a mixture of β-sitosterol, stigmasterol and campesterol); Compound 4 (β-sitosteryl-β-D-glucopyranoside) and shown to be active against some of the bacteria tested. They were active with MIC equal to 4µg/mL against strains of S. aureus (including MRSA). To the best of our knowledge, all of them except friedeline have never been reported in this plant species. CONCLUSION P. erinaceus is confirmed as a plant harboring promising antibacterial activity with activities against serious human pathogens at very low concentrations. Some of the compounds isolated are also active at concentrations as low as 4µg/mL and therefore, may provide new leads for the development of antibacterial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nassifatou Koko Tittikpina
- Division of Bioorganic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Saarland, Campus B2 1, D-66123 Saarbruecken, Germany; CNRS, UMR 7565, SRSMC, F-54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France; Université de Lorraine, UMR 7565, SRSMC, F-54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France; Laboratoire de Botanique et Ecologie Végétale, Université de Lomé, BP 1515 Lomé, Togo.
| | - Frédéric Nana
- CNRS, UMR 7565, SRSMC, F-54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France; Université de Lorraine, UMR 7565, SRSMC, F-54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
| | - Stéphane Fontanay
- CNRS, UMR 7565, SRSMC, F-54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France; Université de Lorraine, UMR 7565, SRSMC, F-54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France; ABC Platform®, Faculté de Pharmacie, F-54001 Nancy, France.
| | - Stéphanie Philippot
- CNRS, UMR 7565, SRSMC, F-54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France; Université de Lorraine, UMR 7565, SRSMC, F-54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France; ABC Platform®, Faculté de Pharmacie, F-54001 Nancy, France.
| | - Komlan Batawila
- Laboratoire de Botanique et Ecologie Végétale, Université de Lomé, BP 1515 Lomé, Togo.
| | - Koffi Akpagana
- Laboratoire de Botanique et Ecologie Végétale, Université de Lomé, BP 1515 Lomé, Togo.
| | - Gilbert Kirsch
- CNRS, UMR 7565, SRSMC, F-54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France; Université de Lorraine, UMR 7565, SRSMC, F-54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
| | - Patrick Chaimbault
- CNRS, UMR 7565, SRSMC, F-54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France; Université de Lorraine, UMR 7565, SRSMC, F-54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
| | - Claus Jacob
- Division of Bioorganic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Saarland, Campus B2 1, D-66123 Saarbruecken, Germany.
| | - Raphaël Emmanuel Duval
- CNRS, UMR 7565, SRSMC, F-54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France; Université de Lorraine, UMR 7565, SRSMC, F-54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France; ABC Platform®, Faculté de Pharmacie, F-54001 Nancy, France.
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9
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Zininga T, Anokwuru CP, Sigidi MT, Tshisikhawe MP, Ramaite IID, Traoré AN, Hoppe H, Shonhai A, Potgieter N. Extracts Obtained from Pterocarpus angolensis DC and Ziziphus mucronata Exhibit Antiplasmodial Activity and Inhibit Heat Shock Protein 70 (Hsp70) Function. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22081224. [PMID: 28788073 PMCID: PMC6152082 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22081224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria parasites are increasingly becoming resistant to currently used antimalarial therapies, therefore there is an urgent need to expand the arsenal of alternative antimalarial drugs. In addition, it is also important to identify novel antimalarial drug targets. In the current study, extracts of two plants, Pterocarpus angolensis and Ziziphus mucronata were obtained and their antimalarial functions were investigated. Furthermore, we explored the capability of the extracts to inhibit Plasmodium falciparum heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) function. Heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) are molecular chaperones whose function is to facilitate protein folding. Plasmodium falciparum the main agent of malaria, expresses two cytosol-localized Hsp70s: PfHsp70-1 and PfHsp70-z. The PfHsp70-z has been reported to be essential for parasite survival, while inhibition of PfHsp70-1 function leads to parasite death. Hence both PfHsp70-1 and PfHsp70-z are potential antimalarial drug targets. Extracts of P. angolensis and Z. mucronata inhibited the basal ATPase and chaperone functions of the two parasite Hsp70s. Furthermore, fractions of P. angolensis and Z. mucronata inhibited P. falciparum 3D7 parasite growth in vitro. The extracts obtained in the current study exhibited antiplasmodial activity as they killed P. falciparum parasites maintained in vitro. In addition, the findings further suggest that some of the compounds in P. angolensis and Z. mucronata may target parasite Hsp70 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tawanda Zininga
- Biochemistry Department, School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Venda, Private Bag X5050, 0950 Thohoyandou, South Africa.
| | - Chinedu P Anokwuru
- Chemistry Department, School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Venda, Private Bag X5050, 0950 Thohoyandou, South Africa.
| | - Muendi T Sigidi
- Microbiology Department, School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Venda, Private Bag X5050, 0950 Thohoyandou, South Africa.
| | - Milingoni P Tshisikhawe
- Botany Department, School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Venda, Private Bag X5050, 0950 Thohoyandou, South Africa.
| | - Isaiah I D Ramaite
- Chemistry Department, School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Venda, Private Bag X5050, 0950 Thohoyandou, South Africa.
| | - Afsatou N Traoré
- Microbiology Department, School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Venda, Private Bag X5050, 0950 Thohoyandou, South Africa.
| | - Heinrich Hoppe
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa.
| | - Addmore Shonhai
- Biochemistry Department, School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Venda, Private Bag X5050, 0950 Thohoyandou, South Africa.
| | - Natasha Potgieter
- Microbiology Department, School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Venda, Private Bag X5050, 0950 Thohoyandou, South Africa.
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Venda, Private Bag X5050, 0950 Thohoyandou, South Africa.
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10
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Sichaem J, Khumkratok S, Sawasdee P, Tip-Pyang S. A New Coumarin from the Stems of Pterocarpus indicus. Nat Prod Commun 2016; 11:1287-1288. [PMID: 30807024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The chemical investigation of the crude ethyl acetate extract from Pterocarpus indicus stems led to isolation of a new coumarin, indicusane (1), together with eleven known compounds (2-12). To the best of our knowledge, all isolated coumarins (1-12) are reported for the first time from this plant. Their structures were identified on the basic of spectroscopic data (NMR, MS and ECD) as well as a chemical reaction (Mosher's method). In addition, all isolates were also evaluated for their cholinesterase (ChEs) inhibitory activities, in which only compound 4 exhibited the moderate activity toward AChE and BChE.
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11
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Gosetti F, Chiuminatto U, Martinotti S, Bolfi B, Ranzato E, Manfredi M, Marengo E. Characterization of the Volatile and Nonvolatile Fractions of Heartwood Aqueous Extract from Pterocarpus marsupium and Evaluation of Its Cytotoxicity against Cancer Cell Lines. Planta Med 2016; 82:1295-1301. [PMID: 27124243 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-104659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Pterocarpus marsupium is a well-known plant due to its healing properties, in particular, the use of its aqueous extract is able to reduce blood sugar levels and blood triglyceride concentrations. Although this plant has already been widely studied, a complete characterization of its aqueous extract has not been reported. The present study deals with the characterization of the aqueous extract of P. marsupium in order to obtain a full fingerprint of the volatile and nonvolatile constituents. The volatile constituents were identified by CG-MS, whereas the nonvolatile fraction was characterized by UHPLC-MS/MS using a nontarget approach. Several compounds were identified, in particular, polyphenolic species belonging to the class of proanthocyanidins. Cytotoxicity tests were carried out on four different cancer cell lines and three different non-tumoral cell lines. Preliminary results indicate a selective cytotoxicity of the aqueous extract towards the cancer cells. The potential cytotoxicity due to the presence of metals in the aqueous extract was ruled out by testing an aqueous mixture of the metals at the same concentration found in the P. marsupium extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Gosetti
- University of Piemonte Orientale, Department of Science and Technological Innovation, Alessandria, Italy
| | | | - Simona Martinotti
- University of Piemonte Orientale, Department of Science and Technological Innovation, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Bianca Bolfi
- University of Piemonte Orientale, Department of Science and Technological Innovation, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Elia Ranzato
- University of Piemonte Orientale, Department of Science and Technological Innovation, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Marcello Manfredi
- University of Piemonte Orientale, Department of Science and Technological Innovation, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Emilio Marengo
- University of Piemonte Orientale, Department of Science and Technological Innovation, Alessandria, Italy
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12
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Bhata V, Nayak BS. Renoprotective Effects, Protein Thiols and Liver Glycogen Content of Alloxan-induced Diabetic Rats Treated with Different Fractions of Heartwood of Pterocarpus marsupium. Nat Prod Commun 2015; 10:1843-1846. [PMID: 26749811 DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1501001113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is believed to be a pathogenic factor in the development of diabetic complications. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of different fractions of heart wood of Pterocarpus marsupium on antioxidant enzyme like protein thiols and also check the efficacy of the extract for the protection of the renal function in alloxan induced diabetic rats. The present study also investigates the levels of liver glycogen which are considered as the best biomarker for assaying the hypoglycemic activity of any drug. Diabetes was induced by administering alloxan dissolved in saline, while the normal control group was given propylene glycol. Diabetes induced animals were randomly assigned into different groups. Blood samples were collected from all the experimental and control groups. Estimation of urea, uric acid and creatinine along with protein thiols was made on day 30 only. At the end, all the animals were sacrificed to collect liver tissue to analyze glycogen content. The 30 days treatment with various extracts (75 mg/kg body wt) significantly lowered protein thiol levels, which probably represents increased utilization for neutralizing free radicals. There was no significant increase in the levels of renal parameters in the extract treated groups which revealed that the employed dose of the extract is nontoxic to the kidney. There was also a significant decrease in the glycogen content in insulin and alcohol-extract treated groups and should be encouraging for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. The extract showed a promising antioxidant effect, as well as hypoglycemic activity, and should be encouraged for the treatment of diabetes.
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Akinmoladun AC, Olaleye MT, Komolafe K, Adetuyi AO, Akindahunsi AA. Effect of homopterocarpin, an isoflavonoid from Pterocarpus erinaceus, on indices of liver injury and oxidative stress in acetaminophen-provoked hepatotoxicity. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2015; 26:555-562. [PMID: 25811665 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2014-0095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Novel hepatoprotectives are needed to address the increasing cases of liver problems worldwide. Pterocarpus erinaceus Poir (Fabaceae) ethanol stem bark extract (PE) and its constituent flavonoid, homopterocarpin (HP), were investigated for their protective property in acetaminophen-induced oxidative stress and liver damage. METHODS Adult male albino rats were divided into nine groups. Seven groups were pretreated with PE (50-, 100-, and 150 mg/kg), HP (25-, 50-, and 75 mg/kg) or silymarin (25 mg/kg), respectively, once daily for 5 consecutive days and then administered acetaminophen (2 g/kg) on the 5th day. The control and acetaminophen-intoxicated groups received normal saline throughout the experimental period, with the latter group additionally receiving 2 g/kg acetaminophen on the 5th day. Administrations were performed po. RESULTS In the acetaminophen-intoxicated group, there were significant increases (p<0.05) in serum activities of alanine aminotransferase (31.72±3.3 vs. 22.1±1.2 U/I), aspartate aminotransferase (185.1±10.1 vs. 103.83±13.3 U/I), bilirubin level and hepatic malondialdehyde (2.32±0.3 vs. 1.42±0.1 units/mg protein), accompanied with significant decreases (p<0.05) in hepatic reduced glutathione level (0.10±0.01 vs. 0.23±0.03 units/mg protein) and glutathione peroxidase activity (2.51±0.2 vs. 3.25±0.2 μmol H2O2 consumed/min/mg protein) compared with the control. CONCLUSIONS PE and HP ameliorated most of the observed biochemical alterations with HP appearing to show more potency. The results suggest that the flavonoid, homopterocarpin contributes to the hepatoprotective and antioxidant potentials of P. erinaceus extract.
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Wang W, Ding XQ, Gu TT, Song L, Li JM, Xue QC, Kong LD. Pterostilbene and allopurinol reduce fructose-induced podocyte oxidative stress and inflammation via microRNA-377. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 83:214-26. [PMID: 25746774 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Revised: 02/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
High dietary fructose is an important causative factor in the development of metabolic syndrome-associated glomerular podocyte oxidative stress and injury. Here, we identified microRNA-377 (miR-377) as a biomarker of oxidative stress in renal cortex of fructose-fed rats, which correlated with podocyte injury and albuminuria in metabolic syndrome. Fructose feeding increased miR-377 expression, decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD) expression and activity, and caused O2(-) and H2O2 overproduction in kidney cortex or glomeruli of rats. This reactive oxygen species induction increased p38 MAPK phosphorylation and thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) expression and activated the NOD-like receptor pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome to produce interleukin-1β in kidney glomeruli of fructose-fed rats. These pathological processes were further evaluated in cultured differentiated podocytes exposed to 5mM fructose, or transfected with miR-377 mimic/inhibitor and TXNIP siRNA, or co-incubated with p38 MAPK inhibitor, demonstrating that miR-377 overexpression activates the O2(-)/p38 MAPK/TXNIP/NLRP3 inflammasome pathway to promote oxidative stress and inflammation in fructose-induced podocyte injury. Antioxidants pterostilbene and allopurinol were found to ameliorate fructose-induced hyperuricemia, podocyte injury, and albuminuria in rats. More importantly, pterostilbene and allopurinol inhibited podocyte miR-377 overexpression to increase SOD1 and SOD2 levels and suppress the O2(-)/p38 MAPK/TXNIP/NLRP3 inflammasome pathway activation in vivo and in vitro, consistent with the reduction of oxidative stress and inflammation. These findings suggest that miR-377 plays an important role in glomerular podocyte oxidative stress, inflammation, and injury driven by high fructose. Inhibition of miR-377 by antioxidants may be a promising therapeutic strategy for the prevention of metabolic syndrome-associated glomerular podocyte injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People׳s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Qin Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People׳s Republic of China
| | - Ting-Ting Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People׳s Republic of China
| | - Lin Song
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People׳s Republic of China
| | - Jian-Mei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People׳s Republic of China
| | - Qiao-Chu Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People׳s Republic of China
| | - Ling-Dong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People׳s Republic of China.
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15
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Su Z, Wang P, Yuan W, Li S. Chemical constituents from Pterocarpus soyauxii. Nat Prod Commun 2014; 9:1483-1486. [PMID: 25522541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Three new benzofurans (1-3) and one new isoflavan (4), pteroyanin G, H, I and J, together with 21 known compounds, were isolated from the heartwood of Pterocarpus soyauxii. Their structures were determined by the NMR and MS spectral data in comparison with literature data. Compounds (1-25) did not show cytotoxicity against three human cancer cell lines, A549, Panc-28, and HCT-116 (Gl50 > 50 μM).
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Joshi KR, Devkota HP, Yahara S. Bijayasaline: a new C-glucosyl-alpha-hydroxydihydrochalcone from the heartwood of Bijayasal (Pterocarpus marsupium). Nat Prod Commun 2014; 9:821-822. [PMID: 25115088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A new C-glucosyl-alpha-hydroxydihydrochalcone derivative, (aS)-3'-C-ff-glucopyranosyl-a,3,4,2'4'-pentahydroxydihydrochalcone, named as bijayasaline (1) was isolated from the heartwood of Bijayasal (Pterocarpus marsupium) and characterized on the basis of NMR and circular dichroism (CD) spectral data. Bijayasaline (1) showed potent DPPH free radical scavenging activity.
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Morimoto M, Fukumoto H, Hiratani M, Chavasiri W, Komai K. Insect Antifeedants, Pterocarpans and Pterocarpol, in Heartwood ofPterocarpus macrocarpusKruz. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 70:1864-8. [PMID: 16926498 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.60017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The insect antifeedant activities of pterocarpans and a sesquiterpene alcohol from the dichloromethane extract of Pterocarpus macrocarpus Kruz. (Leguminosae) were evaluated against the common cutworm, Spodoptera litura F. (Noctuidae), and the subterranean termite, Reticulitermes speratus (Kolbe)(Rhinotermitidae). Three pterocarpans, (-)-homopterocarpin (1), (-)-pterocarpin (2), and (-)-hydroxyhomopterocarpin (3) and the sesquiterpene alcohol, (+)-pterocarpol (5), were isolated from the dichloromethane extract of the heartwood of P. macrocarpus under guidance by a biological assay. Among these natural products, the most active insect antifeedant against both S. litura and R. speratus was 1. On the other hand, sesquiterpene alcohol 5 showed less insect antifeedant activity than the other pterocarpans against both insect species. While its methylated derivative, (-)-methoxyhomopterocarpin (4), showed high biological activity, 3 showed less insect antifeedant activity in this study. Interestingly, racemic 1 did not show insect antifeedant activity against S. litura. However, all of the test pterocarpans and isoflavones showed antifeedant activity against the test termites. Additionally, since these compounds were major constituents of P. macrocarpus, these antifeedant phenolics may act as chemical defense factors in this tree. In Thailand, lumber made from this tree is used to make furniture and in building construction due to its resistance to termite attack.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Morimoto
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Kinki University, Nakamachi, Japan.
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Kosaraju J, Dubala A, Chinni S, Khatwal RB, Satish Kumar MN, Basavan D. A molecular connection of Pterocarpus marsupium, Eugenia jambolana and Gymnema sylvestre with dipeptidyl peptidase-4 in the treatment of diabetes. Pharm Biol 2014; 52:268-271. [PMID: 24074231 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2013.823550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Pterocarpus marsupium (PM) (Leguminosae), Eugenia jambolana (EJ) (Myrtaceae) and Gymnema sylvestre (GS) (Asclepiadaceae) are the most important medicinal plants in the Indian system of traditional medicine for the treatment of hyperglycemia. OBJECTIVES Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors are the emerging class of anti-diabetic agents. However, only few compounds are commercially available. Therefore, in the present study we tried to explore the naturally occurring PM, EJ and GS semi-standardized extracts for their potential DPP-4 inhibition in vitro and in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS DPP-4 inhibition was evaluated by in vitro inhibitory assay, and enzyme kinetics were calculated using one-phase exponential decay equation. Glucose load (2 g/kg) was administered to control and diabetic rats 30 min following extract administration (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) orally once, and blood samples were withdrawn at 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 and 3 h to measure plasma active glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) levels. RESULTS PM and EJ inhibit DPP-4 potently with IC50 values of 273.73 ± 2.96 and 278.94 ± 6.73 µg/mL, respectively, compared to GS (773.22 ± 9.21 µg/mL). PM, EJ and GS exhibit long duration of action with enzyme inhibitory half-lives of 462.3, 317.2 and 153.8 min, respectively. Extracts significantly increase GLP-1 levels compared to negative control groups and peak GLP-1 level was observed at 2 h for PM and EJ, whereas for GS it was at 1.5 h DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Taken together, results suggest the extracts may have potent DPP-4 inhibitory action, and their hypoglycemic action attributed through an increase in plasma active GLP-1 levels.
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Devgan M, Nanda A, Ansari SH. Comparative evaluation of the anti-diabetic activity of Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb. heartwood in alloxan induced diabetic rats using extracts obtained by optimized conventional and non conventional extraction methods. Pak J Pharm Sci 2013; 26:973-976. [PMID: 24035955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to assess the anti-diabetic activity of Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb. heartwood in alloxan induced diabetic rats using extracts obtained by optimized conventional and non conventional extraction methods. Aqueous and ethanol extracts of Pterocarpus marsupium heartwood were prepared by conventional methods (infusion, decoction, maceration and percolation) and non conventional methods, such as ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE). The crude aqueous extracts were administered orally to both normal and alloxan induced male albino rats (Sprague-Dawley strain). The experimental set up consisted of 48 male albino rats divided into 6 groups: Normal control, diabetic control (sterile normal saline, 1 ml/100 g body weight), standard (gliclazide, 25 mg/1000g of body weight), groups 4-6 (crude aqueous percolation, optimized UAE and MAE extract, 250 mg/1000g of body weight). In acute treatment, the reduction of blood glucose level was statistically significant with the oral administration of UAE and percolation aqueous extracts to the hyperglycemic rats. In sub-acute treatment, the UAE aqueous extract led to consistent and statistically significant (p<0.001) reduction in the blood glucose levels. There was no abnormal change in body weight of the hyperglycemic animals after 10 days of administration of plant extracts and gliclazide. This study justifies the traditional claim and provides a rationale for the use of Pterocarpus marsupium to treat diabetes mellitus. The antidiabetic activity of Pterocarpus marsupium can be enhanced by extracting the heartwood by non conventional method of UAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Devgan
- Department of Pharmacy, S.D.M. College of Pharmacy, Rajound Kaithal, Haryana, India
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Mishra A, Srivastava R, Srivastava SP, Gautam S, Tamrakar AK, Maurya R, Srivastava AK. Antidiabetic activity of heart wood of Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb. and analysis of phytoconstituents. Indian J Exp Biol 2013; 51:363-374. [PMID: 23821824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The crude powder, ethanolic extract and aqueous, chloroform, hexane and n-butanol soluble fractions of ethanolic extract of heart wood of P. marsupium showed marked improvement on oral glucose tolerance post sucrose load in normal rats. All these fractions except aqueous fraction showed improvement on oral glucose tolerance post sucrose load on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. The crude powder, ethanolic extract and hexane and n-butanol fractions showed marked decline in blood glucose level on STZ-induced diabetic rats. The ethanolic extract (100 mg/kg body weight) when given to STZ-induced diabetic rats for 10 consecutive days declined blood glucose, improved OGTT and increased their serum insulin levels. The ethanolic extract also showed marked improvement on oral glucose tolerance on high fat-low dosed STZ-induced diabetic rats and neonatally STZ treated rats. The ethanolic extract of P. marsupium also showed marked antidyslipidemic effects on high fat diet fed Syrian golden hamsters. Altered renal and hepatic function markers and serum insulin levels of high fat diet fed-low dosed STZ-treated diabetic rats were also found towards normalization when these animals were treated with ethanolic extract of P. marsupium for 28 consecutive days. The four out of five phenolic C-glycosides isolated from n-butanol fraction of ethanolic extract of P. marsupium enhanced glucose uptake by skeletal muscle cells (C2C12) in a dose dependent manner. It may primarily be concluded that phenolic-C-glycosides present in P. marsupium heart wood are the phytoconstituents responsible for the antihyperglycemic activity and validate the claim of antidiabetic activity of heart wood of P. marsupium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akansha Mishra
- Division of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI), Lucknow 226001, India
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Abstract
Phytochemical study on the constituents of the heartwood of Pterocarpus soyauxii led to the isolation of five new isoflavonoids and one new 3-arylcoumarin, pterosonins A-F (1-6), together with 17 known analogues, among which 8, 9, and 18 were reported as natural products for the first time. Structure elucidation was achieved by way of spectroscopic measurements as well as by comparison with literature data. Only Compound 6 showed potent cytotoxicity against human non-small cell lung cancer (A549), pancreatic cancer (Panc-28), and colon carcinoma (HCT-116) cells with GI50 values at 7.39, 25, and 19.17 µM, respectively; the other isolates showed no cytotoxicity against the above tested cell lines with GI50 values > 50 µM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zushang Su
- National Center for Pharmaceutical Crops, Arthur Temple College of Forestry and Agriculture, Stephen F. Austin State University, Nacogdoches, TX 75962-6109, USA
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22
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Mohankumar SK, O'Shea T, McFarlane JR. Insulinotrophic and insulin-like effects of a high molecular weight aqueous extract of Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb. hardwood. J Ethnopharmacol 2012; 141:72-79. [PMID: 22343091 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2011] [Revised: 01/10/2012] [Accepted: 02/01/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb. (PM) is an Ayurvedic traditional medicine well known for its antidiabetic potential. AIM To fractionate the antidiabetic constituent(s) of the aqueous of extract of PM hardwood (PME). MATERIALS AND METHODS Bio-assay methods including, insulin secretion from mouse pancreas and glucose uptake by mouse skeletal muscle, were used to determine and fractionate the antidiabetic activity of PME. Results obtained from the in vitro experiments were then verified by examining the effect of PME on glucose clearance in normoglycemic, non-diabetic sheep in vivo. RESULTS Exposure of mouse pancreatic and muscle tissues to PME stimulated the insulin secretion and glucose uptake, respectively, in a concentration-dependent manner. PME-mediated muscle glucose uptake was not potentiated in the presence of insulin indicating that PME acts via pathways which are utilized by insulin. Bio-assay-guided fractionation of PME yielded a high molecular weight fraction which had potent antidiabetic properties in vitro, and in in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Our findings, we believe for the first time, provide novel insights for the antidiabetic constituents of PM and demonstrate that a high molecular weight constituent(s) of PM has potent insulinotrophic and insulin-like properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh K Mohankumar
- Centre for Bioactive Discovery, School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
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23
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Devgun M, Nanda A, Ansari SH. Comparison of conventional and non conventional methods of extraction of heartwood of Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb. Acta Pol Pharm 2012; 69:475-485. [PMID: 22594262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The renewed interest in plant-derived drugs has led to an increased need for efficient extraction methods. The present investigation was an attempt to evaluate and compare the conventional methods of extraction with non conventional methods of extraction, such as ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) methods. Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb. has been reported to contain bioactive phytochemicals, e.g., pterostilbene (3',5'-dimethoxy-4-stilbenol). The results showed that among the conventional extraction methods, percolation gave the highest yield. The non conventional methods were optimized. The extraction yield was the highest in case of MAE. The phytochemical screening of the extracts indicated similar groups of compounds in all the extracts. The thin layer chromatography showed the presence of pterostilbene in the extracts obtained by using percolation, MAE and UAE. In these extracts the quantification of pterostilbene was conducted by high performance liquid chromatography and the method was validated. The MAE method extracted significantly higher amount of pterostilbene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Devgun
- Department of Pharmacy, S.D.M. College of Pharmacy, Rajound-136044, Kaithal, Haryana, India.
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24
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Achari B, Dutta PK, Roy SK, Chakraborty P, Sengupta J, Bandyopadhyay D, Maity JK, Khan IA, Ding Y, Ferreira D. Fluorescent pigment and phenol glucosides from the heartwood of Pterocarpus marsupium. J Nat Prod 2012; 75:655-660. [PMID: 22376129 DOI: 10.1021/np2008939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The fluorescence shown by extracts of the heartwood of Pterocarpus marsupium is attributed to salts of the new compound 1, whose structure was elaborated using detailed spectroscopic/spectrometric studies. The plant material also contains the nonfluorescent compounds 2 and 3. The absolute configuration of 1 was determined by experimental and theoretically calculated electronic CD spectra, while that of 3 was deduced from ECD comparison with reported results in the α-hydroxydihydrochalcone series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basudeb Achari
- Department of Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S C Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700 032, India.
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25
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Wu SF, Chang FR, Wang SY, Hwang TL, Lee CL, Chen SL, Wu CC, Wu YC. Anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic neoflavonoids and benzofurans from Pterocarpus santalinus. J Nat Prod 2011; 74:989-996. [PMID: 21488654 DOI: 10.1021/np100871g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Five new benzofurans, pterolinuses A-E (1-5), six new neoflavonoids, pterolinuses F-J (8-13), and five known compounds (6, 7, 14-16) were isolated from an extract of Pterocarpus santalinus heartwood. All new structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, and configurations were confirmed by CD spectral data and optical rotation values. The isolates were evaluated for anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activities. Six compounds (1, 2, 4, 6, 7, and 15) showed significant inhibition in at least one anti-inflammatory assay. Compound 2 showed the best selective effect against superoxide anion generation in human neutrophils with, an IC50 value of 0.19 μg/mL, and was 6.2-fold more potent than the positive control LY294002. Compound 14 showed the highest cytotoxicity against Ca9-22 cancer cells, with an IC50 value of 0.46 μg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shou-Fang Wu
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan, Republic of China
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26
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Mohire NC, Salunkhe VR, Bhise SB, Yadav AV. Cardiotonic activity of aqueous extract of heartwood of Pterocarpus marsupium. Indian J Exp Biol 2007; 45:532-7. [PMID: 17585688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to evaluate cardiotonic activity of aqueous extract of heartwood of P. marsupium. This plant species contains 5,7,2-4 tetrahydroxy isoflavone 6-6 glucoside which are potent antioxidant and are believed to prevent cardiovascular diseases. Cardiotonic effect of aqueous extract of heartwood of P. marsupium was studied by using isolated frog heart perfusion technique (IFHP). Calcium free Ringer solution was used as vehicle for administration of aqueous extract of P. marsupium as a test extract and digoxin as a standard. A significant increase in height of force of contraction (positive inotropic effect) and decrease in heart rate (negative chronotropic effect) at a very low concentration (0.25 mg/ml) was observed with test extract as compared to the same dose of a standard digoxin. The present results indicated that a significant increase in height of force of contraction with decrease in heart rate was observed as the dose of test extract increased. The test extract produced cardiac arrest at 4 mg/ml, a higher concentration, as compared to standard, digoxin (0.5 mg/ml). Compared to digoxin, a drug with narrow therapeutic window, P. marsupium showed wide therapeutic window.
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Affiliation(s)
- N C Mohire
- Government College of Pharmacy, Vidyanagar, Karad 415 124, India
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27
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Abstract
The anti-H. pylori activity of Pterocarpus santalinus (PS), a traditional herb, has been assessed and compared with that of bismuth subcitrate, through in vitro studies employing rat gastric epithelial cell cultures and H. pylori isolates from gastric mucosal biopsy patients. The MIC of PS was found to be 20 microg/mL. H. pylori was co-cultivated with rat gastric epithelial cells in the presence/absence of PS at its MIC. A reduction in the activity of urease, a normal appearance of the epithelial cells on electron microscopic examination, a decrease in lipid peroxidation and lactate dehydrogenase suggests the possible anti-H. pylori activity of PS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoba Narayan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, India.
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28
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Garcia-Pino A, Buts L, Wyns L, Loris R. Interplay between metal binding and cis/trans isomerization in legume lectins: structural and thermodynamic study of P. angolensis lectin. J Mol Biol 2006; 361:153-67. [PMID: 16824540 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2006.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2006] [Revised: 05/30/2006] [Accepted: 06/07/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The interplay between metal binding, carbohydrate binding activity, stability and structure of the lectin from Pterocarpus angolensis was investigated. Removal of the metals leads to a more flexible form of the protein with significantly less conformational stability. Crystal structures of this metal-free form show significant structural rearrangements, although some structural features that allow the binding of sugars are retained. We propose that substitution of an asparagine residue at the start of the C-terminal beta-strand of the legume lectin monomer hinders the trans-isomerization of the cis-peptide bond upon demetallization and constitutes an intramolecular switch governing the isomer state of the non-proline bond and ultimately the lectin phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abel Garcia-Pino
- Laboratorium voor Ultrastructuur, Vrije Universiteit Brussel and Department of Molecular and Cellular Interactions, Vlaams Interuniversitair Instituut voor Biotechnologie, Brussel, Belgium.
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29
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Kwon HJ, Hong YK, Kim KH, Han CH, Cho SH, Choi JS, Kim BW. Methanolic extract of Pterocarpus santalinus induces apoptosis in HeLa cells. J Ethnopharmacol 2006; 105:229-34. [PMID: 16326057 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2005.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2005] [Revised: 10/25/2005] [Accepted: 10/26/2005] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Ptercarpus santalinus (Fabaceae) has been used as a folk remedy in Korea, and it has been shown to exhibit antiinflammations, antiulcers and anticancer effects. In this study, therefore, we report the cytotoxic activity and the mechanism of cell death exhibited by the methanol extract of Ptercarpus santalinus (MEPS) against human cervical adenocarcinoma cell line, HeLa. Treatment of HeLa cells with various concentrations of MEPS resulted in growth inhibition and induction of apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner as determined by cell viability, chromatin condensation, DNA fragmentation and sub-G1 phase accumulation. In Western blot analysis, apoptosis in the HeLa cells was associated with the release of cytochrome C from mitochondria into the cytosol, activation of caspases-3, -8, -9 and proteolytic cleavage of PARP. These results suggest that MEPS exhibits antiproliferative effect on HeLa cells via apoptosis, and it may be a potential candidate in field of anticancer drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Kwon
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, College of Natural Science, Dongeui University, Busan 614-714, Republic of Korea
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30
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Abstract
Whole body sterol metabolism in insects has seldom been studied. We were able to design an appropriate study at a butterfly farm in Belize. We collected six larvas of butterfly (Morpho peleides), their food (leaves of Pterocarpus bayessii), and their excretions. In addition, six adult butterflies were collected. The sterols of the diet, the larva, and adult butterfly were analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography. The structures of these sterols were identified by digitonin precipitation, GC-MS, and NMR. Four sterols (cholesterol, campesterol, stigmasterol, and sitosterol) and a sterol mixture were found in the food, the body, and the excreta of the larva. The tissue sterol content of the larva was 326 microg. They consumed 276 microg of sterols per day. Their excretion was 185 microg per day as sterols. The total tissue sterol contents of the larva and butterfly were similar, but they had different sterol compositions, which indicated interconversion of sterols during development. There was a progressive increase in the cholesterol content from larva to butterfly and a decrease in the content of sitosterol and other plant sterols, which were likely converted to cholesterol. Our data indicated an active sterol metabolism in butterfly larva. Diet played an important role in determining its sterol composition. During metamorphosis, there was an interconversion of sterols. This is the first paper documenting the fecal sterol excretion in insects as related to dietary intakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- William E Connor
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Clinical Nutrition, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, USA.
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31
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Grover JK, Vats V, Yadav SS. Pterocarpus marsupium extract (Vijayasar) prevented the alteration in metabolic patterns induced in the normal rat by feeding an adequate diet containing fructose as sole carbohydrate. Diabetes Obes Metab 2005; 7:414-20. [PMID: 15955128 DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-1326.2005.00414.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance (hyperinsulinaemia) is now recognized as a major contributor to the development of glucose intolerance, dyslipidaemia and hypertension in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) patients. Sedentary lifestyle, consumption of energy-rich diet, obesity, longer lifespan, etc., are important reasons for this rise (J. R. Turtle, Int J Clin Prac 2000; 113: 23). Aqueous extracts of Pterocarpus marsupium Linn bark (PM), Ocimum sanctum Linn leaves (OS) and Trigonella foenumgraecum Linn seeds (FG) have been shown to exert hypoglycaemic/antihyperglycaemic effect in experimental as well as clinical setting. As no work has been carried out so far to assess the effect of PM, OS and FG on fructose-induced hyperglycaemia, hyperinsulinaemia and hypertriglyceridaemia, we undertook this study to assess whether these extracts attenuate the metabolic alteration induced by fructose-rich diet in rats. Five groups of rats (eight each) were fed chow diet, 66% fructose diet, 66% fructose diet + PM leaves extract (1 g/kg/day), 66% fructose diet + OS leaves extract (200 mg/kg/day) and 66% fructose diet + FG seeds extract (2 g/kg/day) for 30 days. Fructose feeding to normal rats for 30 days significantly increased serum glucose, insulin and triglyceride levels in comparison with control. Treatment with all the three plants extract for 30 days significantly lowered the serum glucose levels in comparison with control group. However, only PM extract substantially prevented hypertriglyceridaemia and hyperinsulinaemia, while OS and FG had no significant effect on these parameters. Results of this study, in addition to previous clinical benefits of PM seen in NIDDM subjects, are suggestive of usefulness of PM bark (Vijayasar) in insulin resistance, the associated disorder of type 2 diabetes; however, OS and FG may not be useful. Though several antidiabetic principles (-epicatechin, pterosupin, marsupin and pterostilbene) have been identified in the PM, yet future studies are required to certify their efficacy and safety before clinical scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Grover
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India.
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32
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Mukhtar HM, Ansari SH, Ali M, Bhat ZA, Naved T. Effect of aqueous extract of Pterocarpus marsupium wood on alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Pharmazie 2005; 60:478-9. [PMID: 15997844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
An aqueous extract of Pterocarpus marsupium wood was screened for hypoglycemic activity on alloxan-induced diabetic rats. During both acute and sub-acute tests, the water extract, at an oral dose of 250 mg/kg, showed statistically significant hypoglycemic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Mukhtar
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, India.
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33
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Abstract
A mixture of loliolide 1 (> 85%) and paniculatadiol 2 (< 15%) was obtained from the ethyl acetate leaf extract of Pterocarpus indicus by silica gel chromatography, while the air-dried flowers afforded lupeol 3 and phytol esters 4. The structures of 1-4 were determined by NMR spectroscopy. Antimicrobial tests on a mixture of 1 and 2 indicated that it has moderate activity against Candida albicans and low activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Aspergillus niger. It was found inactive against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and Trichophyton mentagrophytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Consolacion Y Ragasa
- Chemistry Department, De La Salle University, 2401 Taft Avenue, Manila 1004, Philippines.
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34
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Loris R, Garcia-Pino A, Buts L, Bouckaert J, Beeckmans S, De Greve H, Wyns L. Crystallization and crystal manipulation of thePterocarpus angolensisseed lectin. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr 2005; 61:685-9. [PMID: 15930620 DOI: 10.1107/s0907444904028707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2004] [Accepted: 11/08/2004] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The Man/Glc-specific legume lectin from the seeds of the African bloodwood tree (Pterocarpus angolensis) was crystallized in the presence of the disaccharide ligand Man(alpha1-3)ManMe. Small crystals initially appeared from a preliminary screen, but proved difficult to reproduce. The initial crystals were used to prepare microseeds, leading to a reproducible crystallization protocol. All attempts to obtain crystals directly of the ligand-free protein or of other carbohydrate complexes failed. However, the Man(alpha1-3)ManMe co-crystals withstand soaking with ten other carbohydrates known to bind to the lectin. Soaking for 15 min in 100 mM carbohydrate typically resulted in complete replacement of Man(alpha1-3)ManMe by the desired carbohydrate despite the involvement of lattice contacts at the binding site. Transferring the crystals for two weeks in carbohydrate-free artificial mother liquor resulted in the complete removal of the sugar from one of the two monomers in the asymmetric unit. Additional treatment of these crystals with 100 mM EDTA for two weeks resulted in removal of the structural calcium and manganese ions, which is accompanied by significant structural rearrangements of the loops that constitute the carbohydrate-binding site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remy Loris
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel and Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, Laboratorium voor Ultrastructuur (ULTR), Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussel, Belgium
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35
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Kesari AN, Gupta RK, Watal G. Two aurone glycosides from heartwood of Pterocarpus santalinus. Phytochemistry 2004; 65:3125-3129. [PMID: 15541741 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2004.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2003] [Revised: 07/21/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Two new aurone glycosides, 6 hydroxy 5 methyl 3',4',5' trimethoxy aurone 4-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside and 6,4' dihydroxy aurone 4-O-rutinoside have been isolated from the ethanolic extract of the wood of Pterocarpus santalinus. Their structures were determined on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic analysis (UV, IR, EIMS, (1)H and (13)C NMR).
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36
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Maurya R, Singh R, Deepak M, Handa SS, Yadav PP, Mishra PK. Constituents of Pterocarpus marsupium: an ayurvedic crude drug. Phytochemistry 2004; 65:915-20. [PMID: 15081294 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2004.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2003] [Accepted: 01/28/2004] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Five new flavonoid C-glucosides, 6-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-benzofuran-7-C-beta-d-glucopyranoside (1), 3-(alpha-methoxy-4-hydroxybenzylidene)-6-hydroxybenzo-2(3H)-furanone-7-C-beta-d-glucopyranoside (2), 2-hydroxy-2-p-hydroxybenzyl-3(2H)-6-hydroxybenzofuranone-7-C-beta-d-glucopyranoside (4), 8-(C-beta-d-glucopyranosyl)-7,3',4'-trihydroxyflavone (5) and 1,2-bis(2,4-dihydroxy,3-C-glucopyranosyl)-ethanedione (6) and two known compounds C-beta-d-glucopyranosyl-2,6-dihydroxyl benzene (7) and sesquiterpene (8), were isolated from an aqueous extract of the heartwood of Pterocarpus marsupium. The structure has been established using spectroscopic data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Maurya
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226 001, India.
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Loris R, Van Walle I, De Greve H, Beeckmans S, Deboeck F, Wyns L, Bouckaert J. Structural Basis of Oligomannose Recognition by the Pterocarpus angolensis Seed Lectin. J Mol Biol 2004; 335:1227-40. [PMID: 14729339 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2003.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The crystal structure of a Man/Glc-specific lectin from the seeds of the bloodwood tree (Pterocarpus angolensis), a leguminous plant from central Africa, has been determined in complex with mannose and five manno-oligosaccharides. The lectin contains a classical mannose-specificity loop, but its metal-binding loop resembles that of lectins of unrelated specificity from Ulex europaeus and Maackia amurensis. As a consequence, the interactions with mannose in the primary binding site are conserved, but details of carbohydrate-binding outside the primary binding site differ from those seen in the equivalent carbohydrate complexes of concanavalin A. These observations explain the differences in their respective fine specificity profiles for oligomannoses. While Man(alpha1-3)Man and Man(alpha1-3)[Man(alpha1-6)]Man bind to PAL in low-energy conformations identical with that of ConA, Man(alpha1-6)Man is required to adopt a different conformation. Man(alpha1-2)Man can bind only in a single binding mode, in sharp contrast to ConA, which creates a higher affinity for this disaccharide by allowing two binding modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remy Loris
- Laboratorium voor Ultrastructuur, Instituut voor Moleculaire Biologie, Building E, Vrije Universiteit Brussel and Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussel, Belgium.
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38
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Karou D, Dicko MH, Sanon S, Simpore J, Traore AS. Antimalarial activity of Sida acuta Burm. f. (Malvaceae) and Pterocarpus erinaceus Poir. (Fabaceae). J Ethnopharmacol 2003; 89:291-294. [PMID: 14611894 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2003.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Among strategies to combat malaria, the search for new antimalarial drugs appears to be a priority. Sheering for new antimalarial activities, four plants of the traditional medicine of Burkina Faso: Combretum micranthum, Khaya senegalensis, Pterocarpus erinaceus and Sida acuta, were tested in vitro on fresh clinical isolates of Plasmodium falciparum. The screening showed that Sida acuta has a significant activity (IC50 < 5 microg/ml), and Pterocarpus erinaceus has a moderate activity (5 microg/ml < IC50 < 50 microg/ml). Further chemical screening showed that the activity of the most active plant, Sida acuta, was related to its alkaloid contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damintoti Karou
- Université de Ouagadougou, Centre de Recherche en Sciences Biologiques, Alimentaires et Nutritionnelles, Laboratoire de Biochimie, 03 BP 7131 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
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Loris R, Imberty A, Beeckmans S, Van Driessche E, Read JS, Bouckaert J, De Greve H, Buts L, Wyns L. Crystal structure of Pterocarpus angolensis lectin in complex with glucose, sucrose, and turanose. J Biol Chem 2003; 278:16297-303. [PMID: 12595543 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m211148200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The crystal structure of the Man/Glc-specific seed lectin from Pterocarpus angolensis was determined in complex with methyl-alpha-d-glucose, sucrose, and turanose. The carbohydrate binding site contains a classic Man/Glc type specificity loop. Its metal binding loop on the other hand is of the long type, different from what is observed in other Man/Glc-specific legume lectins. Glucose binding in the primary binding site is reminiscent of the glucose complexes of concanavalin A and lentil lectin. Sucrose is found to be bound in a conformation similar as seen in the binding site of lentil lectin. A direct hydrogen bond between Ser-137(OG) to Fru(O2) in Pterocarpus angolensis lectin replaces a water-mediated interaction in the equivalent complex of lentil lectin. In the turanose complex, the binding site of the first molecule in the asymmetric unit contains the alphaGlc1-3betaFruf form of furanose while the second molecule contains the alphaGlc1-3betaFrup form in its binding site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remy Loris
- Laboratorium voor Ultrastructuur, Instituut voor Moleculaire Biologie, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.
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Grover JK, Vats V, Yadav S. Effect of feeding aqueous extract of Pterocarpus marsupium on glycogen content of tissues and the key enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism. Mol Cell Biochem 2002; 241:53-9. [PMID: 12482025 DOI: 10.1023/a:1020870526014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The Indian traditional system of medicine prescribed plant therapies for diseases including diabetes mellitus called madhumeh in Sanskrit. One such plant mentioned in Ayurveda is Pterocarpus marsupium (PM). In the present study, aqueous extract of PM (1 g/kg PO) was assessed for its effect on glycogen levels of insulin dependent (skeletal muscle and liver), insulin-independent tissues (kidneys and brain) and enzymes such as glucokinase (GK), hexokinase (HK), and phosphofructokinase (PFK). Administration of PM led to decrease in blood glucose levels by 38 and 60% on 15th and 30th day of the experiment. Liver and 2-kidney weight expressed as percentage of body-weight was significantly increased in diabetics (p < 0.0005) vs. normal controls and this alteration in the renal weight (p < 0.0005) but not liver weight was normalized by feeding of PM extract. Renal glycogen content increased by over 10-fold while hepatic and skeletal muscle glycogen content decreased by 75 and 68% in diabetic controls vs. controls and these alteration in glycogen content was partly prevented by PM. Activity of HK, GK and PFK in diabetic controls was 35,50 and 60% of the controls and PM completely corrected this alteration in PFK and only partly in HK and GK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagdish Kumari Grover
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India.
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Wang S, Ding S, Zhang X, Zhang L. [A new medicinal plant Pterocapus indicus]. Zhong Yao Cai 1997; 20:330-2. [PMID: 12572429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
It has been 70 years since Ptercapus indicus Willd. was introduced into China. The red sap from its incision of the bark becomes a kind of red crystal after some hours of exposure to air, which is used as an astringent and against other diseases. Its physicochemical properties, elements and amino acids have been analysed. The structural analysis shows that the crystal is a macromolecular compound of tannic condensation and glucoside.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Wang
- Tropical Horticultural Research Institute, CATAS, Danzhou 571737
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