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Michel M, Hess C, Kaps L, Kremer WM, Hilscher M, Galle PR, Moehler M, Schattenberg JM, Wörns MA, Labenz C, Nagel M. Elevated serum levels of methylglyoxal are associated with impaired liver function in patients with liver cirrhosis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20506. [PMID: 34654829 PMCID: PMC8519993 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00119-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Methylglyoxal (MGO) is a highly reactive dicarbonyl species that forms advanced glycation end products (AGEs). The binding of these AGEs to their receptor (RAGE) causes and sustains severe inflammation. Systemic inflammation is postulated to be a major driver in the progression of liver cirrhosis. However, the role of circulating MGO levels in liver cirrhosis remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the serum levels of two dicarbonyl species, MGO and glyoxal (GO) using tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) and evaluated their association with disease severity. A total of 51 inpatients and outpatients with liver cirrhosis of mixed etiology and different disease stages were included. Elevated MGO levels were seen in an advanced stage of liver cirrhosis (p < 0.001). High MGO levels remained independently associated with impaired liver function, as assessed by the model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) (β = 0.448, p = 0.002) and acute decompensation (AD) (β = 0.345, p = 0.005) scores. Furthermore, MGO was positively correlated with markers of systemic inflammation (IL-6, p = 0.004) and the development of ascites (p = 0.013). In contrast, no changes were seen in GO serum levels. Circulating levels of MGO are elevated in advanced stages of liver cirrhosis and are associated with impaired liver function and liver-related parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurice Michel
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Cornelius Hess
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, Forensic Toxicology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Leonard Kaps
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Wolfgang M Kremer
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Max Hilscher
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Peter R Galle
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Markus Moehler
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jörn M Schattenberg
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Marcus-Alexander Wörns
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Christian Labenz
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Michael Nagel
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
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Piazza M, Hanssen NMJ, Persson F, Scheijen JL, van de Waarenburg MPH, van Greevenbroek MMJ, Rossing P, Hovind P, Stehouwer CDA, Parving H, Schalkwijk CG. Irbesartan treatment does not influence plasma levels of the dicarbonyls methylglyoxal, glyoxal and 3-deoxyglucosone in participants with type 2 diabetes and microalbuminuria: An IRMA2 sub-study. Diabet Med 2021; 38:e14405. [PMID: 32961617 PMCID: PMC8451908 DOI: 10.1111/dme.14405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) reduce vascular complications in diabetes independently of blood pressure. Experimental studies suggested that ARBs may restore the detoxifying enzyme glyoxalase 1, thereby lowering dicarbonyls such as methylglyoxal. Human data on the effects of ARBs on plasma dicarbonyl levels are lacking. We investigated, in individuals with type 2 diabetes, whether irbesartan lowered plasma levels of the dicarbonyls methylglyoxal, glyoxal, 3-deoxyglucosone and their derived advanced glycation end products (AGEs), and increased d-lactate, reflecting greater methylglyoxal flux. METHODS We analysed a subset of the Irbesartan in Patients with T2D and Microalbuminuria (IRMA2) study. We measured plasma dicarbonyls methylglyoxal, glyoxal and 3-deoxyglucosone, free AGEs and d-lactate using ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass-spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) in the treatment arm receiving 300 mg irbesartan (n = 121) and a placebo group (n = 101) at baseline and after 1 and 2 years. Effect of treatment was analysed with repeated measurements ANOVA. RESULTS There was a slight, but significant difference in baseline median methylglyoxal levels [placebo 1119 (907-1509) nmol/l vs. irbesartan 300 mg 1053 (820-1427) nmol/l], but no significant changes were observed in any of the plasma dicarbonyls over time in either group and there was no effect of irbesartan treatment on plasma free AGEs or d-lactate levels at either 1 or 2 years. CONCLUSION Irbesartan treatment does not change plasma levels of the dicarbonyls methylglyoxal, glyoxal and 3-deoxyglucosone, free AGEs or d-lactate in type 2 diabetes. This indicates that increased dicarbonyls in type 2 diabetes are not targetable by ARBs, and other approaches to lower systemic dicarbonyls are needed in type 2 diabetes. (Clinical Trial Registry No: #NCT00317915).
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Piazza
- Internal MedicineMaastricht University Medical CentreMaastrichtthe Netherlands
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM)Maastrichtthe Netherlands
- Department of Medicine‐DIMED University of PaduaItaly
| | - N. M. J. Hanssen
- Internal MedicineMaastricht University Medical CentreMaastrichtthe Netherlands
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM)Maastrichtthe Netherlands
| | - F. Persson
- Steno Diabetes Center CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - J. L. Scheijen
- Internal MedicineMaastricht University Medical CentreMaastrichtthe Netherlands
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM)Maastrichtthe Netherlands
| | - M. P. H. van de Waarenburg
- Internal MedicineMaastricht University Medical CentreMaastrichtthe Netherlands
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM)Maastrichtthe Netherlands
| | - M. M. J. van Greevenbroek
- Internal MedicineMaastricht University Medical CentreMaastrichtthe Netherlands
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM)Maastrichtthe Netherlands
| | - P. Rossing
- Steno Diabetes Center CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
- Department of Clinical MedicineUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - P. Hovind
- Steno Diabetes Center CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
- Clinical Physiology and Nuclear MedicineBispebjerg HospitalCopenhagenDenmark
| | - C. D. A. Stehouwer
- Internal MedicineMaastricht University Medical CentreMaastrichtthe Netherlands
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM)Maastrichtthe Netherlands
| | - H‐H. Parving
- Medical EndocrinologyUniversity Hospital of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - C. G. Schalkwijk
- Internal MedicineMaastricht University Medical CentreMaastrichtthe Netherlands
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM)Maastrichtthe Netherlands
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Rabbani N, Xue M, Weickert MO, Thornalley PJ. Reversal of Insulin Resistance in Overweight and Obese Subjects by trans-Resveratrol and Hesperetin Combination-Link to Dysglycemia, Blood Pressure, Dyslipidemia, and Low-Grade Inflammation. Nutrients 2021; 13:2374. [PMID: 34371884 PMCID: PMC8308792 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The dietary supplement, trans-resveratrol and hesperetin combination (tRES-HESP), induces expression of glyoxalase 1, countering the accumulation of reactive dicarbonyl glycating agent, methylglyoxal (MG), in overweight and obese subjects. tRES-HESP produced reversal of insulin resistance, improving dysglycemia and low-grade inflammation in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study. Herein, we report further analysis of study variables. MG metabolism-related variables correlated with BMI, dysglycemia, vascular inflammation, blood pressure, and dyslipidemia. With tRES-HESP treatment, plasma MG correlated negatively with endothelial independent arterial dilatation (r = -0.48, p < 0.05) and negatively with peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) quinone reductase activity (r = -0.68, p < 0.05)-a marker of the activation status of transcription factor Nrf2. For change from baseline of PBMC gene expression with tRES-HESP treatment, Glo1 expression correlated negatively with change in the oral glucose tolerance test area-under-the-curve plasma glucose (ΔAUGg) (r = -0.56, p < 0.05) and thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP) correlated positively with ΔAUGg (r = 0.59, p < 0.05). Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) correlated positively with change in fasting plasma glucose (r = 0.70, p < 0.001) and negatively with change in insulin sensitivity (r = -0.68, p < 0.01). These correlations were not present with placebo. tRES-HESP decreased low-grade inflammation, characterized by decreased expression of CCL2, COX-2, IL-8, and RAGE. Changes in CCL2, IL-8, and RAGE were intercorrelated and all correlated positively with changes in MLXIP, MAFF, MAFG, NCF1, and FTH1, and negatively with changes in HMOX1 and TKT; changes in IL-8 also correlated positively with change in COX-2. Total urinary excretion of tRES and HESP metabolites were strongly correlated. These findings suggest tRES-HESP counters MG accumulation and protein glycation, decreasing activation of the unfolded protein response and expression of TXNIP and TNFα, producing reversal of insulin resistance. tRES-HESP is suitable for further evaluation for treatment of insulin resistance and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naila Rabbani
- Department of Basic Medical Science, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar;
| | - Mingzhan Xue
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha P.O. Box 34110, Qatar;
| | - Martin O. Weickert
- Endocrinology & Metabolism, Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, University Hospitals of Coventry & Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK;
| | - Paul J. Thornalley
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha P.O. Box 34110, Qatar;
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Lin CE, Lin PY, Yang WC, Huang YS, Lin TY, Chen CM, Chen HS, Lee JA, Chen SM. Evaluation of the nephrotoxicity and safety of low-dose aristolochic acid, extending to the use of Xixin (Asurum), by determination of methylglyoxal and d-lactate. J Ethnopharmacol 2021; 272:113945. [PMID: 33617966 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.113945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Most Aristolochiaceae plants are prohibited due to aristolochic acid nephropathy (AAN), except Xixin (Asarum spp.). Xixin contains trace amounts of aristolochic acid (AA) and is widely used in Traditional Chinese Medicine. Methylglyoxal and d-lactate are regarded as biomarkers for nephrotoxicity. AIM OF THE STUDY The use of Xixin (Asarum spp.) is essential and controversial. This study aimed to evaluate tubulointerstitial injury and interstitial renal fibrosis by determining urinary methylglyoxal and d-lactate after withdrawal of low-dose AA in a chronic mouse model. MATERIALS AND METHODS C3H/He mice in the AA group (n = 24/group) were given ad libitum access to distilled water containing 3 μg/mL AA (0.5 mg/kg/day) for 56 days and drinking water from days 57 to 84. The severity of tubulointerstitial injury and fibrosis were evaluated using the tubulointerstitial histological score (TIHS) and Masson's trichrome staining. Urinary and serum methylglyoxal were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC); urinary d-lactate were determined by column-switching HPLC. RESULTS After AA withdrawal, serum methylglyoxal in the AA group increased from day 56 (429.4 ± 48.3 μg/L) to 84 (600.2 ± 99.9 μg/L), and peaked on day 70 (878.3 ± 171.8 μg/L; p < 0.05); TIHS and fibrosis exhibited similar patterns. Urinary methylglyoxal was high on day 56 (3.522 ± 1.061 μg), declined by day 70 (1.583 ± 0.437 μg) and increased by day 84 (2.390 ± 0.130 μg). Moreover, urinary d-lactate was elevated on day 56 (82.10 ± 18.80 μg) and higher from day 70 (201.10 ± 90.82 μg) to 84 (193.28 ± 61.32 μg). CONCLUSIONS Methylglyoxal is induced after AA-induced tubulointerstitial injury, so methylglyoxal excretion and metabolism may be a detoxification and repair strategy. A low cumulative AA dose is the key factor that limits tubulointerstitial injury and helps to repair. Thus, AA-containing herbs, especially Xixin, should be used at low doses for short durations (less than one month).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-En Lin
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, No.250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei, 110, Taiwan.
| | - Po-Yeh Lin
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, No.250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei, 110, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Chi Yang
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, No.250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei, 110, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Shen Huang
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, No.250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei, 110, Taiwan.
| | - Tzu-Yao Lin
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, No.250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei, 110, Taiwan.
| | - Chien-Ming Chen
- Department of Electro-Optical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Hung-Shing Chen
- Graduate Institute of Electro-optical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, No.43, Keelung Rd., Sec.4, Da'an Dist., Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Jen-Ai Lee
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, No.250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei, 110, Taiwan.
| | - Shih-Ming Chen
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, No.250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei, 110, Taiwan.
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Esmaeili F, Maleki V, Kheirouri S, Alizadeh M. The Effects of Taurine Supplementation on Metabolic Profiles, Pentosidine, Soluble Receptor of Advanced Glycation End Products and Methylglyoxal in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Can J Diabetes 2020; 45:39-46. [PMID: 32861603 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2020.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Advanced glycation end products, along with methylglyoxal (MGO) as their precursor, play a major role in increased complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Taurine (2-aminoethanesulphonic acid), a conditionally essential amino acid, is found in most mammalian tissues. Taurine is known as an antiglycation compound. This study was designed to investigate the effects of taurine supplementation on metabolic profiles, pentosidine, MGO and soluble receptors for advanced glycation end products in patients with T2DM. METHODS In this double-blind randomized controlled trial, 46 patients with T2DM were randomly allocated into taurine and placebo groups. Participants received either 3,000 mg/day taurine or placebo for 8 weeks. Metabolic profiles, pentosidine, MGO and soluble receptors for advanced glycation end products levels were assessed after 12 h of fasting at baseline and completion of the clinical trial. Independent t test, paired t test, Pearson correlation and analysis of covariance were used for analysis. RESULTS The mean serum levels of fasting blood sugar (p=0.01), glycated hemoglobin (p=0.04), insulin (p=0.03), homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (p=0.004), total cholesterol (p=0.01) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p=0.03) significantly were reduced in the taurine group at completion compared with the placebo group. In addition, after completion of the study, pentosidine (p=0.004) and MGO (p=0.006) were significantly reduced in the taurine group compared with the placebo group. CONCLUSIONS The results of this trial show that taurine supplementation may decrease diabetes complications through improving glycemic control and advanced glycation end products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Esmaeili
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Vahid Maleki
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sorayya Kheirouri
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Alizadeh
- Nutrition Research Center, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Kold-Christensen R, Jensen KK, Smedegård-Holmquist E, Sørensen LK, Hansen J, Jørgensen KA, Kristensen P, Johannsen M. ReactELISA method for quantifying methylglyoxal levels in plasma and cell cultures. Redox Biol 2019; 26:101252. [PMID: 31254735 PMCID: PMC6604041 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Methylglyoxal (MG) is a toxic glycolytic by-product associated with increased levels of inflammation and oxidative stress and has been linked to ageing-related diseases, such as diabetes and Alzheimer's disease. As MG is a highly reactive dicarbonyl compound, forming both reversible and irreversible adducts with a range of endogenous nucleophiles, measuring endogenous levels of MG are quite troublesome. Furthermore, as MG is a small metabolite it is not very immunogenic, excluding conventional ELISA for detection purposes, thus only more instrumentally demanding LC-MS/MS-based methods have demonstrated convincing quantitative data. In the present work we develop a novel bifunctional MG capture probe as well as a high specificity monoclonal antibody to finally setup a robust reaction-based ELISA (ReactELISA) method for detecting the highly reactive and low-level (nM) metabolite MG in human biological specimens. The assay is tested and validated against the current golden standard LC-MS/MS method in human blood plasma and cell-culture media. Furthermore, we demonstrate the assays ability to measure small perturbations of MG levels in growth media caused by a small molecule drug buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) of current clinical relevance. Finally, the assay is converted into a homogenous (no-wash) AlphaLISA version (ReactAlphaLISA), which offers the potential for operationally simple screening of further small molecules capable of perturbing cellular MG. Such compounds could be of relevance as probes to gain insight into MG metabolism as well as drug-leads to alleviate ageing-related diseases. MG is challenging to quantify, here we present a simple and specific ReactELISA based approach and validate against LC-MS/MS. Sensitivity at low (nM) endogenous concentration in both human blood plasma and cell culture media. Impact of BSO treatment of HEK293 cells can be profiled in culture media. Potential use in cell-based phenotypic screen for small molecules modulating MG metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasmus Kold-Christensen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark; Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Karina Kragh Jensen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Emil Smedegård-Holmquist
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark; Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | | | - Jakob Hansen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Karl Anker Jørgensen
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Peter Kristensen
- Department of Engineering, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Mogens Johannsen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark.
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Zhao Y, Wang P, Sang S. Dietary Genistein Inhibits Methylglyoxal-Induced Advanced Glycation End Product Formation in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet. J Nutr 2019; 149:776-787. [PMID: 31050753 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxz017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methylglyoxal (MGO), an important precursor of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), circulates at high concentrations in diabetic patients' blood and plays an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetes and other chronic diseases. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to determine whether dietary genistein can prevent indicators of metabolic syndrome (MetS) induced by a very-high-fat (VHF) diet or a high-fat (HF) diet plus exogenous MGO, and the accumulation of MGO and AGEs in mice. METHODS Male, 6-wk-old C57BL/6J mice (n = 15) were fed a low-fat (LF) diet (10% fat energy) or a VHF diet (60% fat energy) alone or including 0.25% genistein (VHF-G) for 16 wk in study 1. In study 2, 75 similar mice were fed the LF diet (LF) or the HF diet alone (HF) or in combination with up to 0.2% MGO in water (HFM) and 0.067% (HFM-GL) or 0.2% (HFM-GH) dietary genistein for 18 wk. Anthropometric and metabolic data were obtained in both studies to determine the effects of MGO and genistein on variables indicative of MetS. RESULTS Body weight gain, fat deposits, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, and fatty liver were ameliorated by dietary genistein in both studies. The plasma MGO concentration in VHF-G mice was 52% lower than that in VHF mice. Moreover, the AGE concentrations in plasma, liver, and kidney of VHF-G mice were 73%, 52%, and 49%, respectively, lower than in the VHF group (study 1). Similarly, the concentrations of plasma MGO and AGE in plasma, liver, and kidney of HFM-GH mice were 33.5%, 49%, 69%, and 54% lower than in HFM mice (study 2). Genistein inhibited AGE formation by trapping MGO to form adducts and upregulating the expressions of glyoxalase I and II and aldose reductase in liver and kidney to detoxify MGO in both studies. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate for the first time that genistein significantly lowers MGO and AGE concentrations in 2 mouse MetS models via multiple pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yantao Zhao
- Laboratory for Functional Foods and Human Health, Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Kannapolis, NC
| | - Pei Wang
- Laboratory for Functional Foods and Human Health, Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Kannapolis, NC
| | - Shengmin Sang
- Laboratory for Functional Foods and Human Health, Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Kannapolis, NC
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Lamb LS, Alfonso H, Norman PE, Davis TME, Forbes J, Müench G, Irrgang F, Almeida OP, Golledge J, Hankey GJ, Flicker L, Yeap BB. Advanced Glycation End Products and esRAGE Are Associated With Bone Turnover and Incidence of Hip Fracture in Older Men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2018; 103:4224-4231. [PMID: 30137355 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2018-00674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus is associated with increased fracture risk despite preservation of bone density and reduced bone turnover. AIMS We tested the hypothesis that circulating advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and endogenous secretory receptor for AGEs (esRAGE) differentially modulate bone turnover and predict fracture risk in older men. PARTICIPANTS A total of 3384 community-dwelling men aged 70 to 89 years. METHODS Collagen type I C-terminal cross-linked telopeptide, N-terminal propeptide of type I collagen (P1NP), and total osteocalcin (TOC) were assayed using immunoassay and undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC) following hydroxyapatite binding. Plasma N-carboxymethyllysine (CML) and esRAGE were assayed using immunoassay. Methylglyoxal and glyoxal were assayed using mass spectrometry. Incident hip fractures were ascertained. RESULTS Median age was 76.3 years (interquartile range, 74.2 to 79.1 years). Plasma CML was measured in 3011 men, methylglyoxal and glyoxal in 766 men, and esRAGE in 748 men. Plasma CML, methylglyoxal, glyoxal, and esRAGE were similar in men without and with diabetes (all P > 0.05). CML was positively associated with fasting glucose (r = 0.06, P < 0.001), and esRAGE was inversely associated (r = -0.08, P = 0.045). esRAGE was positively associated with bone formation (P1NP, r = 0.17, P < 0.001; ucOC, r = 0.11, P = 0.008; TOC, r = 0.16, P < 0.001). Incident hip fractures occurred in 106 men during follow-up. Men with CML in the third quartile of values had reduced incidence of hip fracture compared with men in the lowest quartile (hazard ratio, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.24 to 0.99; P = 0.045). CONCLUSIONS Glycemia associates positively with CML and reciprocally with esRAGE in older men. Circulating esRAGE modulates bone turnover in older men, whereas CML predicts incidence of hip fracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia S Lamb
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Helman Alfonso
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Paul E Norman
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Timothy M E Davis
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Josephine Forbes
- Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Gerald Müench
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Felix Irrgang
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Osvaldo P Almeida
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- WA Centre for Health & Ageing, Centre for Medical Research, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jonathan Golledge
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Townsville Hospital, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Graeme J Hankey
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Leon Flicker
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- WA Centre for Health & Ageing, Centre for Medical Research, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Bu B Yeap
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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9
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Pácal L, Chalásová K, Pleskačová A, Řehořová J, Tomandl J, Kaňková K. Deleterious Effect of Advanced CKD on Glyoxalase System Activity not Limited to Diabetes Aetiology. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051517. [PMID: 29783710 PMCID: PMC5983829 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Methylglyoxal production is increased in diabetes. Methylglyoxal is efficiently detoxified by enzyme glyoxalase 1 (GLO1). The aim was to study the effect of diabetic and CKD milieu on (a) GLO1 gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells; (b) GLO1 protein levels in whole blood; and (c) GLO1 activity in RBCs in vivo in diabetic vs. non-diabetic subjects with normal or slightly reduced vs. considerably reduced renal function (CKD1-2 vs. CKD3-4). A total of 83 subjects were included in the study. Gene expression was measured using real-time PCR, and protein levels were quantified using Western blotting. Erythrocyte GLO1 activity was measured spectrophotometrically. GLO1 gene expression was significantly higher in subjects with CKD1-2 compared to CKD3-4. GLO1 protein level was lower in diabetics than in non-diabetics. GLO1 activity in RBCs differed between the four groups being significantly higher in diabetics with CKD1-2 vs. healthy subjects and vs. nondiabeticsfig with CKD3-4. GLO1 activity was significantly higher in diabetics compared to nondiabetics. In conclusion, both diabetes and CKD affects the glyoxalase system. It appears that CKD in advanced stages has prevailing and suppressive effects compared to hyperglycaemia. CKD decreases GLO1 gene expression and protein levels (together with diabetes) without concomitant changes of GLO1 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukáš Pácal
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University Brno, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Katarína Chalásová
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University Brno, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Anna Pleskačová
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University Brno, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University Brno, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Jitka Řehořová
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Brno, Jihlavská 20, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Josef Tomandl
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University Brno, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Kateřina Kaňková
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University Brno, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
- Regional Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Zluty kopec 7, 656 53 Brno, Czech Republic.
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10
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Wetzels S, Wouters K, Miyata T, Scheijen JLJM, Hendriks JJA, Schalkwijk CG, Vanmierlo T. Advanced Glycation Endproducts Are Increased in the Animal Model of Multiple Sclerosis but Cannot Be Reduced by Pyridoxamine Treatment or Glyoxalase 1 Overexpression. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051311. [PMID: 29702605 PMCID: PMC5983766 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS). The immune response in MS patients leads to the infiltration of immune cells in the CNS and their subsequent activation. Immune cell activation induces a switch towards glycolysis. During glycolysis, the dicarbonyl product methylglyoxal (MGO) is produced. MGO is a glycating agent that can rapidly form advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs). In turn, AGEs are able to induce inflammatory responses. The glyoxalase system is the endogenous defense system of the body to reduce the burden of MGO thereby reducing AGE formation. This system consists of glyoxalase-1 and glyoxalase-2 which are able to detoxify MGO to D-lactate. We investigated whether AGE levels are induced in experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE), an inflammatory animal model of MS. Twenty seven days post EAE induction, MGO and AGE (Nε-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML), Nε-(carboxyethyl)lysine (CEL), 5-hydro-5-methylimidazolone (MG-H1)) levels were significantly increased in the spinal cord of mice subjected to EAE. Yet, pyridoxamine treatment and glyoxalase-1 overexpression were unable to counteract AGE production during EAE and did not influence the clinical course of EAE. In conclusion, AGEs levels increase during EAE in the spinal cord, but AGE-modifying treatments do not inhibit EAE-induced AGE production and do not affect disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzan Wetzels
- Department of Immunology and Biochemistry, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Martelarenlaan 42 3500 Hasselt, Belgium.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Kristiaan Wouters
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Toshio Miyata
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Therapy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 980-8577 Sendai, Japan.
| | - Jean L J M Scheijen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Jerome J A Hendriks
- Department of Immunology and Biochemistry, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Martelarenlaan 42 3500 Hasselt, Belgium.
| | - Casper G Schalkwijk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Tim Vanmierlo
- Department of Immunology and Biochemistry, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Martelarenlaan 42 3500 Hasselt, Belgium.
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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11
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Salomón T, Sibbersen C, Hansen J, Britz D, Svart MV, Voss TS, Møller N, Gregersen N, Jørgensen KA, Palmfeldt J, Poulsen TB, Johannsen M. Ketone Body Acetoacetate Buffers Methylglyoxal via a Non-enzymatic Conversion during Diabetic and Dietary Ketosis. Cell Chem Biol 2017; 24:935-943.e7. [PMID: 28820963 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2017.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The α-oxoaldehyde methylglyoxal is a ubiquitous and highly reactive metabolite known to be involved in aging- and diabetes-related diseases. If not detoxified by the endogenous glyoxalase system, it exerts its detrimental effects primarily by reacting with biopolymers such as DNA and proteins. We now demonstrate that during ketosis, another metabolic route is operative via direct non-enzymatic aldol reaction between methylglyoxal and the ketone body acetoacetate, leading to 3-hydroxyhexane-2,5-dione. This novel metabolite is present at a concentration of 10%-20% of the methylglyoxal level in the blood of insulin-starved patients. By employing a metabolite-alkyne-tagging strategy it is clarified that 3-hydroxyhexane-2,5-dione is further metabolized to non-glycating species in human blood. The discovery represents a new direction within non-enzymatic metabolism and within the use of alkyne-tagging for metabolism studies and it revitalizes acetoacetate as a competent endogenous carbon nucleophile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trine Salomón
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8200, Denmark
| | | | - Jakob Hansen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8200, Denmark
| | - Dieter Britz
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - Mads Vandsted Svart
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - Thomas Schmidt Voss
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - Niels Møller
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - Niels Gregersen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | | | - Johan Palmfeldt
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | | | - Mogens Johannsen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8200, Denmark.
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12
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Hanssen NMJ, Scheijen JLJM, Jorsal A, Parving HH, Tarnow L, Rossing P, Stehouwer CDA, Schalkwijk CG. Higher Plasma Methylglyoxal Levels Are Associated With Incident Cardiovascular Disease in Individuals With Type 1 Diabetes: A 12-Year Follow-up Study. Diabetes 2017; 66:2278-2283. [PMID: 28588100 DOI: 10.2337/db16-1578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Methylglyoxal (MGO), a major precursor for advanced glycation end products, is increased in diabetes. In diabetic rodents, inhibition of MGO prevents cardiovascular disease (CVD). Whether plasma MGO levels are associated with incident CVD in people with type 1 diabetes is unknown. We included 159 individuals with persistent normoalbuminuria and 162 individuals with diabetic nephropathy (DN) from the outpatient clinic at Steno Diabetes Center. We measured MGO at baseline and recorded fatal and nonfatal CVD over a median follow-up of 12.3 years (interquartile range 7.6-12.5 years). Data were analyzed by Cox regression, with adjustment for sex, age, HbA1c, DN, diabetes duration, smoking, systolic blood pressure, antihypertensive medication, and BMI. During follow-up, 73 individuals suffered at least one CVD event (36 fatal and 53 nonfatal). Higher MGO levels were associated with total, fatal, and nonfatal incident CVD (hazard ratios [HRs] 1.47 [95% CI 1.13-1.91], 1.42 [1.01-1.99], and 1.46 [1.08-1.98], respectively). We observed a similar trend for total mortality (HR 1.24 [0.99-1.56]). This study shows for the first time in our knowledge that plasma MGO levels are associated with cardiovascular events in individuals with type 1 diabetes. MGO may explain, at least in part, the increased risk for CVD in type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nordin M J Hanssen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Jean L J M Scheijen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Anders Jorsal
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Hans-Henrik Parving
- Department of Medical Endocrinology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Health Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Faculty of Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lise Tarnow
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
- Faculty of Health Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Nordsjællands Hospital, Hillerød, Denmark
| | - Peter Rossing
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
- Faculty of Health Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Faculty of Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Coen D A Stehouwer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Casper G Schalkwijk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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13
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Calvo MS, Mehrotra A, Beelman RB, Nadkarni G, Wang L, Cai W, Goh BC, Kalaras MD, Uribarri J. A Retrospective Study in Adults with Metabolic Syndrome: Diabetic Risk Factor Response to Daily Consumption of Agaricus bisporus (White Button Mushrooms). Plant Foods Hum Nutr 2016; 71:245-251. [PMID: 27193019 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-016-0552-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Adults with metabolic syndrome from different race/ethnicities are often predisposed to developing type 2 diabetes (T2D); however, growing evidence suggests that healthy diets and lifestyle choices can significantly slow or prevent progression to T2D. This poorly understood relationship to healthy dietary patterns and prevention of T2D motivated us to conduct a retrospective analysis to determine the potential impact of a minor dietary lifestyle change (daily mushroom consumption) on known T2D risk factors in racially diverse adults with confirmed features of the metabolic syndrome. Retrospectively, we studied 37 subjects who had participated in a dietary intervention focused on vitamin D bioavailability from white button mushrooms (WBM). All 37 had previously completed a 16-week study where they consumed 100 g of WBM daily and were then followed-up for one month during which no mushrooms were consumed. We analyzed differences in serum risk factors from baseline to 16-week, and from baseline to one-month follow-up. Measurement of serum diabetic risk factors included inflammatory and oxidative stress markers and the antioxidant component naturally rich in mushrooms, ergothioneine. Significant beneficial health effects were observed at 16-week with the doubling of ergothioneine from baseline, increases in the antioxidant marker ORAC (oxygen radical absorption capacity) and anti-inflammatory hormone, adiponectin and significant decreases in serum oxidative stress inducing factors, carboxymethyllysine (CML) and methylglyoxal (MG), but no change in the lipid oxidative stress marker 8-isoprostane, leptin or measures of insulin resistance or glucose metabolism. We conclude that WBM contain a variety of compounds with potential anti-inflammatory and antioxidant health benefits that can occur with frequent consumption over time in adults predisposed to T2D. Well-controlled studies are needed to confirm these findings and identify the specific mushroom components beneficial to health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona S Calvo
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, MOD-1, HFS-025, 8301 Muirkirk Road, Laurel, MD, 20708, USA
| | - Anita Mehrotra
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1147, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Robert B Beelman
- Department of Food Science, The Pennsylvania State University, 202 Rodney A. Erickson Food Science Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Girish Nadkarni
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1147, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Lingzhi Wang
- Cancer Science Institute, National University Singapore, 14 Medical Dr, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Weijing Cai
- Department of Geriatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Boon Cher Goh
- Cancer Science Institute, National University Singapore, 14 Medical Dr, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Michael D Kalaras
- Department of Food Science, The Pennsylvania State University, 202 Rodney A. Erickson Food Science Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Jaime Uribarri
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1147, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
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14
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Huang Q, Chen Y, Gong N, Wang YX. Methylglyoxal mediates streptozotocin-induced diabetic neuropathic pain via activation of the peripheral TRPA1 and Nav1.8 channels. Metabolism 2016; 65:463-74. [PMID: 26975538 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Methylglyoxal is known to be associated with the development of nephropathy, retinopathy, and other complications in diabetes. The present study tested the hypothesis that endogenously increased levels of methylglyoxal in diabetes are causally associated with the induction of neuropathic pain. MATERIALS AND METHODS Streptozotocin- and methylglyoxal-induced pain models were established in rats, and the anti-nociceptive effects of the methylglyoxal scavenging agents, selective transient receptor potential channel ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) antagonist, and Nav1.8 antagonist were tested. RESULTS Systemic injection of streptozotocin in rats induced a prolonged increase in plasma methylglyoxal by approximately 60%, which was correlated with the progressive development of mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia. Local subcutaneous injection of methylglyoxal into the hindpaw produced dose-dependent and biphasic flinching nociceptive responses, which resembled formaldehyde (formalin)-induced nociception. The local methylglyoxal nociception was significantly blocked by co-injection into the hindpaw of the selective transient receptor potential channel ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) antagonist, A967079, and the Nav1.8 antagonist, A803467. Co-incubation with the methylglyoxal scavengers, aminoguanidine, d-arginine, and metformin, reduced the level of free methylglyoxal by more than 90%, and injection of their incubation solutions into the hindpaw produced negligible (3-17%) nociception. Like the clinically effective anti-diabetic neuropathic pain drug gabapentin, systemic injection of aminoguanidine, d-arginine, and metformin at doses that effectively inhibit paw-injected methylglyoxal-induced nociception significantly blocked streptozotocin-induced mechanical allodynia. CONCLUSION Endogenously increased methylglyoxal may mediate diabetic neuropathic pain via activation of both TRPA1 and Nav1.8 expressed on primary afferent sensory neurons, and injection of methylglyoxal into the hindpaw may serve as a simple and robust model for testing the anti-diabetic pain drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Huang
- King's Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China.
| | - Yuan Chen
- King's Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China.
| | - Nian Gong
- King's Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China.
| | - Yong-Xiang Wang
- King's Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China.
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15
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Kimzey MJ, Kinsky OR, Yassine HN, Tsaprailis G, Stump CS, Monks TJ, Lau SS. Site specific modification of the human plasma proteome by methylglyoxal. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2015; 289:155-62. [PMID: 26435215 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2015.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence identifies dicarbonyl stress from reactive glucose metabolites, such as methylglyoxal (MG), as a major pathogenic link between hyperglycemia and complications of diabetes. MG covalently modifies arginine residues, yet the site specificity of this modification has not been thoroughly investigated. Sites of MG adduction in the plasma proteome were identified using LC-MS/MS analysis in vitro following incubation of plasma proteins with MG. Treatment of plasma proteins with MG yielded 14 putative MG hotspots from five plasma proteins (albumin [nine hotspots], serotransferrin, haptoglobin [2 hotspots], hemopexin, and Ig lambda-2 chain C regions). The search results revealed two versions of MG-arginine modification, dihydroxyimidazolidine (R+72) and hydroimidazolone (R+54) adducts. One of the sites identified was R257 in human serum albumin, which is a critical residue located in drug binding site I. This site was validated as a target for MG modification by a fluorescent probe displacement assay, which revealed significant drug dissociation at 300 μM MG from a prodan-HSA complex (75 μM). Moreover, twelve human plasma samples (six male, six female, with two type 2 diabetic subjects from both genders) were analyzed using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) tandem mass spectrometry and revealed the presence of the MG-modified albumin R257 peptide. These data provide insights into the nature of the site-specificity of MG modification of arginine, which may be useful for therapeutic treatments that aim to prevent MG-mediated adverse responses in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Kimzey
- Southwest Environmental Health Sciences Center, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States
| | - Owen R Kinsky
- Southwest Environmental Health Sciences Center, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States
| | - Hussein N Yassine
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States
| | - George Tsaprailis
- Southwest Environmental Health Sciences Center, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States
| | - Craig S Stump
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States; Southern Arizona VA Health Care System, Tucson, AZ 85723, United States
| | - Terrence J Monks
- Southwest Environmental Health Sciences Center, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States
| | - Serrine S Lau
- Southwest Environmental Health Sciences Center, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States.
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16
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Jensen TM, Vistisen D, Fleming T, Nawroth PP, Jørgensen ME, Lauritzen T, Sandbæk A, Witte DR. Impact of intensive treatment on serum methylglyoxal levels among individuals with screen-detected type 2 diabetes: the ADDITION-Denmark study. Acta Diabetol 2015; 52:929-36. [PMID: 25808642 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-015-0739-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Methylglyoxal (MG) has been implicated in the development of micro- and macrovascular diabetic complications, but it remains unclear how current treatments of type 2 diabetes affect its circulating levels. METHODS In the Danish arm of the ADDITION trial, we (a) described serum MG levels at baseline and at 6-year follow-up among individuals with screen-detected type 2 diabetes, (b) examined the effect of intensive multifactorial treatment compared with routine care on MG, (c) examined the associations between MG and risk factors at baseline and at follow-up and (d) examined the associations between changes in MG and changes in risk factors. RESULTS Patients in both treatment arms experienced a significant decline in MG from baseline to follow-up, with no effect of allocation to intensive treatment. In cohort analyses, MG was associated with smoking and fasting glucose at baseline and smoking and LDL cholesterol at follow-up. Compared with patients receiving no lipid-lowering treatment, patients receiving lipid-lowering treatment had higher MG at follow-up, and those initiating lipid-lowering treatment experienced a less pronounced decline in MG. CONCLUSIONS Further studies are required to explore any possible effects of the observed decrease in MG in type 2 diabetes patients as well as the potential interplay between MG, lipids, lipid-lowering treatment and smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Troels M Jensen
- Steno Diabetes Center, NSK 2.11, Niels Steensens Vej 1, 2820, Gentofte, Denmark.
| | - Dorte Vistisen
- Steno Diabetes Center, NSK 2.11, Niels Steensens Vej 1, 2820, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Thomas Fleming
- Department of Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter P Nawroth
- Department of Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marit E Jørgensen
- Steno Diabetes Center, NSK 2.11, Niels Steensens Vej 1, 2820, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Torsten Lauritzen
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Annelli Sandbæk
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Daniel R Witte
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Danish Diabetes Academy, Odense, Denmark
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17
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Hansen CS, Jensen TM, Jensen JS, Nawroth P, Fleming T, Witte DR, Lauritzen T, Sandbaek A, Charles M, Fleischer J, Vistisen D, Jørgensen ME. The role of serum methylglyoxal on diabetic peripheral and cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy: the ADDITION Denmark study. Diabet Med 2015; 32:778-85. [PMID: 25761542 DOI: 10.1111/dme.12753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy and diabetic peripheral neuropathy are common diabetic complications and independent predictors of cardiovascular disease. The glucose metabolite methylglyoxal has been suggested to play a causal role in the pathogeneses of diabetic peripheral neuropathy and possibly diabetic cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy. The aim of this study was to investigate the cross-sectional association between serum methylglyoxal and diabetic peripheral neuropathy and cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy in a subset of patients in the ADDITION-Denmark study with short-term screen-detected Type 2 diabetes (duration ~ 5.8 years). METHODS The patients were well controlled with regard to HbA(1c), lipids and blood pressure. Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy was assessed by measures of resting heart rate variability and cardiovascular autonomic reflex tests. Diabetic peripheral neuropathy was assessed by vibration detection threshold (n = 319), 10 g monofilament (n = 543) and the Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument questionnaire (n = 966). Painful diabetic neuropathy was assessed using the Brief Pain Inventory short form (n = 882). RESULTS No associations between methylglyoxal and cardiovascular autonomic reflex tests or any measures of diabetic peripheral neuropathy or painful diabetic neuropathy were observed. However, a positive association between methylglyoxal and several heart rate variability indices was observed, although these associations were not statistically significant when corrected for multiple testing. CONCLUSION Serum methylglyoxal is not associated with cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy, diabetic peripheral neuropathy or painful diabetic neuropathy in this cohort of well-treated patients with short-term diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Hansen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Steno Diabetes Centre A/S, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - T M Jensen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Steno Diabetes Centre A/S, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - J S Jensen
- Department of Cardiology, Gentofte Hospital, Denmark
| | - P Nawroth
- Department of Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany
| | - T Fleming
- Department of Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany
| | - D R Witte
- Centre for Health Studies, CRP-Santé, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - T Lauritzen
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - A Sandbaek
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - M Charles
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - J Fleischer
- Medical Research Laboratories, Clinical Institute of Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - D Vistisen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Steno Diabetes Centre A/S, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - M E Jørgensen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Steno Diabetes Centre A/S, Gentofte, Denmark
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Li W, Maloney RE, Aw TY. High glucose, glucose fluctuation and carbonyl stress enhance brain microvascular endothelial barrier dysfunction: Implications for diabetic cerebral microvasculature. Redox Biol 2015; 5:80-90. [PMID: 25867911 PMCID: PMC4398791 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2015.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that in normal glucose (5 mM), methylglyoxal (MG, a model of carbonyl stress) induced brain microvascular endothelial cell (IHEC) dysfunction that was associated with occludin glycation and prevented by N-acetylcysteine (NAC). Herein, we investigated the impact of high glucose and low GSH, conditions that mimicked the diabetic state, on MG-induced IHEC dysfunction. MG-induced loss of transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) was potentiated in IHECs cultured for 7 or 12 days in 25 mM glucose (hyperglycemia); moreover, barrier function remained disrupted 6 h after cell transfer to normal glucose media (acute glycemic fluctuation). Notably, basal occludin glycation was elevated under these glycemic states. TEER loss was exaggerated by inhibition of glutathione (GSH) synthesis and abrogated by NAC, which corresponded to GSH decreases and increases, respectively. Significantly, glyoxalase II activity was attenuated in hyperglycemic cells. Moreover, hyperglycemia and GSH inhibition increased MG accumulation, consistent with a compromised capacity for MG elimination. α-Oxoaldehydes (MG plus glyoxal) levels were elevated in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat plasma. Immunohistochemistry revealed a prevalence of MG-positive, but fewer occludin-positive microvessels in the diabetic brain in vivo, and Western analysis confirmed an increase in MG–occludin adducts. These results provide the first evidence that hyperglycemia and acute glucose fluctuation promote MG–occludin formation and exacerbate brain microvascular endothelial dysfunction. Low occludin expression and high glycated-occludin contents in diabetic brain in vivo are factors that would contribute to the dysfunction of the cerebral microvasculature during diabetes. Methylglyoxal (MG) induced electrical resistance (TEER)loss in brain microvascular endothelial cells. TEER loss was potentiated by hyperglycemia, and low glutathione. TEER loss was correlated with occludin-glycation and was attenuated and exacerbated by NAC and BSO, respectively. Hyperglycemia decreased glyoxalase II activity and promoted free MG accumulation. Diabetic brain in vivo exhibiteda prevalence of MG-positive microvessels and increased occludin–MG adducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA
| | - Ronald E Maloney
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA
| | - Tak Yee Aw
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA; Center for Cardiovascular Disease and Sciences, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA.
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Kong X, Ma MZ, Huang K, Qin L, Zhang HM, Yang Z, Li XY, Su Q. Increased plasma levels of the methylglyoxal in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes 2. J Diabetes 2014; 6:535-40. [PMID: 24720446 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.12160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Revised: 03/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methylglyoxal (MG) is a reactive-dicarbonyl that is thought to contribute to the development of diabetes either as a precursor for advanced glycation end products or as a direct toxin. The present study was designed to determine plasma MG level in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and to evaluate the relationship between MG and other parameters, such as oxidative stress and metabolic indices. METHODS Methylglyoxal was measured by high-performance liquid chromatographic/tandem mass spectrometry in plasma from 48 subjects with newly diagnosed T2DM. The relationship between two variables was analyzed using Spearman's correlation analysis. Multiple stepwise linear regression analysis was used to assess the association of plasma MG and other parameters. RESULTS Plasma MG level in patients with newly diagnosed T2DM (65.2 ± 19.2 ng/mL) were significantly higher than that in control individuals (40.1 ± 11.1 ng/mL, P < 0.05). The plasma level of MG was positively correlated with the glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c, r = 0.670, P < 0.01) and malondialdehyde (MDA, r = 0.694, P < 0.01). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that both HbA1c and MDA are significant independent determinants of plasma MG level. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that increased plasma MG level is associated with the elevation of HbA1c and MDA in newly diagnosed T2DM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Kong
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Pharmacology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
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Watanabe K, Okada K, Fukabori R, Hayashi Y, Asahi K, Terawaki H, Kobayashi K, Watanabe T, Nakayama M. Methylglyoxal (MG) and cerebro-renal interaction: does long-term orally administered MG cause cognitive impairment in normal Sprague-Dawley rats? Toxins (Basel) 2014; 6:254-69. [PMID: 24402234 PMCID: PMC3920260 DOI: 10.3390/toxins6010254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Revised: 12/24/2013] [Accepted: 12/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Methylglyoxal (MG), one of the uremic toxins, is a highly reactive alpha-dicarbonyl compound. Recent clinical studies have demonstrated the close associations of cognitive impairment (CI) with plasma MG levels and presence of kidney dysfunction. Therefore, the present study aims to examine whether MG is a direct causative substance for CI development. Eight-week-old male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into two groups: control (n = 9) and MG group (n = 10; 0.5% MG in drinking water), and fed a normal diet for 12 months. Cognitive function was evaluated by two behavioral tests (object exploration test and radial-arm maze test) in early (4–6 months of age) and late phase (7–12 months of age). Serum MG was significantly elevated in the MG group (495.8 ± 38.1 vs. 244.8 ± 28.2 nM; p < 0.001) at the end of study. The groups did not differ in cognitive function during the course of study. No time-course differences were found in oxidative stress markers between the two groups, while, antioxidants such as glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities were significantly increased in the MG group compared to the control. Long-term MG administration to rats with normal kidney function did not cause CI. A counter-balanced activation of the systemic anti-oxidant system may offset the toxicity of MG in this model. Pathogenetic significance of MG for CI requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimio Watanabe
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension, Diabetology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan.
| | - Kana Okada
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension, Diabetology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan.
| | - Ryoji Fukabori
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension, Diabetology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan.
| | - Yoshimitsu Hayashi
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension, Diabetology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan.
| | - Koichi Asahi
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension, Diabetology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Terawaki
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension, Diabetology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan.
| | - Kazuto Kobayashi
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension, Diabetology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan.
| | - Tsuyoshi Watanabe
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension, Diabetology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan.
| | - Masaaki Nakayama
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension, Diabetology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan.
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Schulman CI, Uribarri J, Cai W, Manning R, Landy DC, Gallardo M, Castillo A, Namias N, Striker GE, Livingstone A, Vlassara H. Increased circulating advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) in acute trauma patients. Clin Chem Lab Med 2014; 52:103-8. [PMID: 23612541 PMCID: PMC3795826 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2012-0834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circulating levels of pro-inflammatory advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are increased in diabetes and other conditions characterized by chronically elevated oxidant stress (OS). OS also increases after acute trauma and is implicated in the development of complications such as multiple organ failure. Herein, we assess the effect of acute OS on circulating levels of AGEs in a cohort of acute trauma victims. METHODS An observational study was performed at a large Level 1 Trauma Center. Blood samples for measurement of two AGEs, carboxymethyllysine (CML) and methylglyoxal (MG), were obtained at admission, and serially afterwards in patients admitted to the ICU. Demographics, dietary history, markers of injury severity and ICU morbidity and mortality data were collected. RESULTS One hundred and fifty-six trauma patients (TP) (age: 39±17 years, 83% males, injury severity score: 18±14) were included in the study. TP had significantly higher serum AGE levels than normal healthy controls (CML, TP 12.4±8.2 U/mL vs. controls 8.9±5.3 U/mL, p<0.001; MG, TP 2.1±1.4 nmol/mL vs. controls 0.79±0.3 nmol/mL, p<0.001). Admission serum AGE levels in 49 severe TP admitted to the ICU were lower than those who were not. However, among the ICU patients, serum AGEs increased further for about 7 days in patients with an uncomplicated course, and remained markedly elevated in those with a complicated course. CONCLUSIONS Circulating AGEs are transiently increased after acute trauma and persistently elevated AGE levels are associated with greater severity of injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl I. Schulman
- Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jaime Uribarri
- Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave Levy Place, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Weijing Cai
- Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ron Manning
- Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - David C. Landy
- Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Margaret Gallardo
- Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Angela Castillo
- Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Nicholas Namias
- Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Alan Livingstone
- Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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Dhar I, Dhar A, Wu L, Desai KM. Increased methylglyoxal formation with upregulation of renin angiotensin system in fructose fed Sprague Dawley rats. PLoS One 2013; 8:e74212. [PMID: 24040205 PMCID: PMC3769342 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The current epidemic of obesity and type 2 diabetes is attributed to a high carbohydrate diet, containing mainly high fructose corn syrup and sucrose. More than two thirds of diabetic patients have hypertension. Methylglyoxal is a highly reactive dicarbonyl generated during glucose and fructose metabolism, and a major precursor of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Plasma methylglyoxal levels are increased in hypertensive rats and diabetic patients. Our aim was to examine the levels of methylglyoxal, mediators of the renin angiotensin system and blood pressure in male Sprague-Dawley rats treated with a high fructose diet (60% of total calories) for 4 months. The thoracic aorta and kidney were used for molecular studies, along with cultured vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). HPLC, Western blotting and Q-PCR were used to measure methylglyoxal and reduced glutathione (GSH), proteins and mRNA, respectively. Fructose treated rats developed a significant increase in blood pressure. Methylglyoxal level and protein and mRNA for angiotensin II, AT1 receptor, adrenergic α1D receptor and renin were significantly increased, whereas GSH levels were decreased, in the aorta and/or kidney of fructose fed rats. The protein expression of the receptor for AGEs (RAGE) and NF-κB were also significantly increased in the aorta of fructose fed rats. MG treated VSMCs showed increased protein for angiotensin II, AT1 receptor, and α1D receptor. The effects of methylglyoxal were attenuated by metformin, a methylglyoxal scavenger and AGEs inhibitor. In conclusion, we report a strong association between elevated levels of methylglyoxal, RAGE, NF-κB, mediators of the renin angiotensin system and blood pressure in high fructose diet fed rats.
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MESH Headings
- Angiotensin II/blood
- Angiotensin II/genetics
- Animals
- Aorta, Thoracic/drug effects
- Aorta, Thoracic/metabolism
- Aorta, Thoracic/pathology
- Blood Pressure/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Dietary Carbohydrates/adverse effects
- Fructose/adverse effects
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Glutathione/blood
- Kidney/drug effects
- Kidney/metabolism
- Kidney/pathology
- Male
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- NF-kappa B/blood
- NF-kappa B/genetics
- Pyruvaldehyde/blood
- Pyruvaldehyde/pharmacology
- RNA, Messenger/blood
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1/blood
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1/genetics
- Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-1/blood
- Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-1/genetics
- Receptors, Immunologic/blood
- Receptors, Immunologic/genetics
- Renin/blood
- Renin/genetics
- Renin-Angiotensin System/drug effects
- Renin-Angiotensin System/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Indu Dhar
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Arti Dhar
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Lingyun Wu
- Department of Health Sciences, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
- Thunder Bay Regional Research Institute, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail: (LW); (KD)
| | - Kaushik M. Desai
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- * E-mail: (LW); (KD)
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Masterjohn C, Park Y, Lee J, Noh SK, Koo SI, Bruno RS. Dietary fructose feeding increases adipose methylglyoxal accumulation in rats in association with low expression and activity of glyoxalase-2. Nutrients 2013; 5:3311-28. [PMID: 23966111 PMCID: PMC3775256 DOI: 10.3390/nu5083311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2013] [Revised: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Methylglyoxal is a precursor to advanced glycation endproducts that may contribute to diabetes and its cardiovascular-related complications. Methylglyoxal is successively catabolized to d-lactate by glyoxalase-1 and glyoxalase-2. The objective of this study was to determine whether dietary fructose and green tea extract (GTE) differentially regulate methylglyoxal accumulation in liver and adipose, mediated by tissue-specific differences in the glyoxalase system. We fed six week old male Sprague-Dawley rats a low-fructose diet (10% w/w) or a high-fructose diet (60% w/w) containing no GTE or GTE at 0.5% or 1.0% for nine weeks. Fructose-fed rats had higher (P < 0.05) adipose methylglyoxal, but GTE had no effect. Plasma and hepatic methylglyoxal were unaffected by fructose and GTE. Fructose and GTE also had no effect on the expression or activity of glyoxalase-1 and glyoxalase-2 at liver or adipose. Regardless of diet, adipose glyoxalase-2 activity was 10.8-times lower (P < 0.05) than adipose glyoxalase-1 activity and 5.9-times lower than liver glyoxalase-2 activity. Adipose glyoxalase-2 activity was also inversely related to adipose methylglyoxal (r = −0.61; P < 0.05). These findings suggest that fructose-mediated adipose methylglyoxal accumulation is independent of GTE supplementation and that its preferential accumulation in adipose compared to liver is due to low constitutive expression of glyoxalase-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Masterjohn
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; E-Mails: (C.M.); (Y.P.); (J.L.); (S.I.K.)
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Youngki Park
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; E-Mails: (C.M.); (Y.P.); (J.L.); (S.I.K.)
| | - Jiyoung Lee
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; E-Mails: (C.M.); (Y.P.); (J.L.); (S.I.K.)
| | - Sang K. Noh
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Changwon National University, Changwon 641-773, Korea; E-Mail:
| | - Sung I. Koo
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; E-Mails: (C.M.); (Y.P.); (J.L.); (S.I.K.)
| | - Richard S. Bruno
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; E-Mails: (C.M.); (Y.P.); (J.L.); (S.I.K.)
- Human Nutrition Program, Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +1-614-292-5522; Fax: +1-614-292-4339
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Aydin E, Karabacak E, Ozcan O, Dinc M. Comment on "Serum methylglyoxal level and its association with oxidative stress and disease severity in patients with psoriasis". Arch Dermatol Res 2013; 305:671-2. [PMID: 23917642 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-013-1400-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2013] [Revised: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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van Eupen MGA, Schram MT, Colhoun HM, Hanssen NMJ, Niessen HWM, Tarnow L, Parving HH, Rossing P, Stehouwer CDA, Schalkwijk CG. The methylglyoxal-derived AGE tetrahydropyrimidine is increased in plasma of individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus and in atherosclerotic lesions and is associated with sVCAM-1. Diabetologia 2013; 56:1845-55. [PMID: 23620061 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-013-2919-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Methylglyoxal (MGO) is a major precursor for advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), which are thought to play a role in vascular complications in diabetes. Known MGO-arginine-derived AGEs are 5-hydro-5-methylimidazolone (MG-H1), argpyrimidine and tetrahydropyrimidine (THP). We studied THP in relation to type 1 diabetes, endothelial dysfunction, low-grade inflammation, vascular complications and atherosclerosis. METHODS We raised and characterised a monoclonal antibody against MGO-derived THP. We measured plasma THP with a competitive ELISA in two cohort studies: study A (198 individuals with type 1 diabetes and 197 controls); study B (individuals with type 1 diabetes, 175 with normoalbuminuria and 198 with macroalbuminuria [>300 mg/24 h]). We measured plasma markers of endothelial dysfunction and low-grade inflammation, and evaluated the presence of THP and N (ε)-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML) in atherosclerotic arteries. RESULTS THP was higher in individuals with type 1 diabetes than in those without (median [interquartile range] 115.5 U/μl [102.4-133.2] and 109.8 U/μl [91.8-122.3], respectively; p = 0.03). THP was associated with plasma soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 in both study A (standardised β = 0.48 [95% CI 0.38, 0.58]; p < 0.001) and study B (standardised β = 0.31 [95% CI 0.23, 0.40]; p < 0.001), and with secreted phospholipase A2 (standardised β = 0.26 [95% CI 0.17, 0.36]; p < 0.001) in study B. We found no association of THP with micro- or macro-vascular complications. Both THP and CML were detected in atherosclerotic arteries. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our results suggest that MGO-derived THP may reflect endothelial dysfunction among individuals with and without type 1 diabetes, and therefore may potentially play a role in the development of atherosclerosis and vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G A van Eupen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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Kaur S, Zilmer K, Leping V, Zilmer M. Serum methylglyoxal level and its association with oxidative stress and disease severity in patients with psoriasis. Arch Dermatol Res 2013; 305:489-94. [PMID: 23636352 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-013-1362-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2013] [Revised: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Psoriasis vulgaris (PV), a chronic inflammatory skin disease, is a condition of increased oxidative stress (OxS). However, interest related to oxidative and carbonyl stress damages to proteins, such as the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and their precursor molecule methylglyoxal (MG) has been modest. The objective of this study was to compare the systemic levels of OxS markers in patients with PV and healthy controls (Co) and to investigate their correlation with the serum level of MG. Total peroxide concentration (TPX) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were estimated by means of spectrophotometry. The TPX and TAC ratio was regarded as OxS index (OSI). MG level was determined using ELISA. Compared to Co, patients with PV had significantly increased blood levels of TPX (P < 0.0001), OSI (P < 0.0001), and MG (P = 0.01), and lower TAC levels (P < 0.0001). Increase in body mass index (BMI) appeared to contribute to this imbalance as TAC levels decreased with increasing BMI (r = -0.252, P < 0.01). Increased TPX concentration was associated with higher serum level of MG (r = 0.610, P = 0.004), the latter being positively correlated with psoriasis area and severity index (r = 0.577, P = 0.008). In performed multivariate regression analysis, TPX, TAC, and OSI were all significant predictors of MG level. Our study gave further proof of increased systemic psoriasis-related OxS. MG serum level, reflecting simultaneously OxS as well as carbonyl stress status, could be used as a marker of disease activity in clinical trials while looking for new systemic therapies for psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirje Kaur
- Clinic of Dermatology, University of Tartu, 31 Raja St, 50417, Tartu, Estonia.
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Abstract
The elevation of plasma methylglyoxal levels in diabetic humans is widely observed, but it is unknown to what extent different sources of methylglyoxal contribute to its plasma concentration. A retrospective analysis of clinical findings has been undertaken. There is controversy about the correlation of plasma methylglyoxal concentrations with fasting or postprandial glucose levels, and the relationship with HbA1c. There is only one study in which plasma ketone body levels have been monitored in parallel with methylglyoxal and a positive correlation between plasma methylglyoxal and β-hydroxybutyrate was observed. There are no reports on plasma aminoacetone levels and methylglyoxal in diabetic humans. This paper suggests that although there is a close association between methylglyoxal and carbohydrate metabolism, the presence of this 1,2-dicarbonyl in the plasma is mainly due to other mechanisms. Protein glycation and aminoacetone degradation are proposed to be the major and the minor sources of plasma methylglyoxal under normal conditions.
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Titov VN, Dmitriev VA, Oshchepkov EV, Balakhonova TV, Tripoten' MI, Shiriaeva IK. [The biological reaction of inflammation, methylglyoxal of blood plasma, functional and structural alterations in elastic type arteries at the early stage of hypertension disease]. Klin Lab Diagn 2012:3-8. [PMID: 23097982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The article deals with studying of the relationship between biologic reaction of inflammation with glycosylation reaction and content of methylglyoxal in blood serum. The positive correlation between pulse wave velocity and content of methylglyoxal, C-reactive protein in intercellular medium and malleolar brachial index value was established. This data matches the experimental results concerning involvement of biological reaction of inflammation into structural changes of elastic type arteries under hypertension disease, formation of arteries' rigidity and increase of pulse wave velocity. The arterial blood pressure is a biological reaction of hydrodynamic pressure which is used in vivo by several biological functions: biological function of homeostasis, function of endoecology, biological function of adaptation and function of locomotion. The biological reaction of hydrodynamic (hydraulic) pressure is a mode of compensation of derangement of several biological functions which results in the very high rate of hypertension disease in population. As a matter of fact, hypertension disease is a syndrome of lingering pathological compensation by higher arterial blood pressure of the biological functions derangements occurring in the distal section at the level of paracrine cenoses of cells. The arterial blood pressure is a kind of in vivo integral indicator of deranged metabolism. The essential hypertension disease pathogenically is a result of the derangement of three biological functions: biological function of homeostasis, biological function of trophology - nutrition (biological reaction of external feeding - exotrophia) and biological function of endoecology. In case of "littering" of intercellular medium in vivo with nonspecific endogenic flogogens a phylogenetically earlier activation of biological reactions of excretion, inflammation and hydrodynamic arterial blood pressure occur. In case of derangement of biological function of homeostasis, decreasing of perfusion even in single paracrine cenoses and derangement of biological function of endoecology ("purity" of intercellular medium) the only response always will be the increase of arterial blood pressure.
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Xu YJ, Qiang M, Zhang JL, Liu Y, He RQ. Reactive carbonyl compounds (RCCs) cause aggregation and dysfunction of fibrinogen. Protein Cell 2012; 3:627-40. [PMID: 22836718 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-012-2057-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2012] [Accepted: 07/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrinogen is a key protein involved in coagulation and its deposition on blood vessel walls plays an important role in the pathology of atherosclerosis. Although the causes of fibrinogen (fibrin) deposition have been studied in depth, little is known about the relationship between fibrinogen deposition and reactive carbonyl compounds (RCCs), compounds which are produced and released into the blood and react with plasma protein especially under conditions of oxidative stress and inflammation. Here, we investigated the effect of glycolaldehyde on the activity and deposition of fibrinogen compared with the common RCCs acrolein, methylglyoxal, glyoxal and malondialdehyde. At the same concentration (1 mmol/L), glycolaldehyde and acrolein had a stronger suppressive effect on fibrinogen activation than the other three RCCs. Fibrinogen aggregated when it was respectively incubated with glycolaldehyde and the other RCCs, as demonstrated by SDS-PAGE, electron microscopy and intrinsic fluorescence intensity measurements. Staining with Congo Red showed that glycolaldehyde- and acrolein-fibrinogen distinctly formed amyloid-like aggregations. Furthermore, the five RCCs, particularly glycolaldehyde and acrolein, delayed human plasma coagulation. Only glycolaldehyde showed a markedly suppressive effect on fibrinogenesis, none did the other four RCCs when their physiological blood concentrations were employyed, respectively. Taken together, it is glycolaldehyde that suppresses fibrinogenesis and induces protein aggregation most effectively, suggesting a putative pathological process for fibrinogen (fibrin) deposition in the blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Jie Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Biswas UK, Kumar A. Study on the changes of carbonic anhydrase activity in insulin resistance and the effect of methylglyoxal. J PAK MED ASSOC 2012; 62:417-421. [PMID: 22755300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the serum levels of methylglyoxal (MG) and carbonic anhydrase (CA) activity in known cases of type-II diabetes mellitus with insulin resistance and to compare them with age-sex matched healthy controls. METHODS Eightysix participants were enrolled for the present case-controlled study with ages ranging from 25 to 44 years. The analytes measured were fasting blood glucose, serum insulin, methylglyoxal and carbonic anhydrase assay by standard procedures. Further carbonic anhydrase activities were measured in erythrocytes haemolysate and the effect of methylglyoxal on erythrocyte membrane was studied. The effects of methylglyoxal on erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase activity and insulin reactivity were also measured. RESULTS The mean serum levels of insulin, fasting blood glucose, carbonic anhydrase activity, methylglyoxal and body mass index (BMI) was significantly higher (p < 0.001) in patients compared to the controls. The carbonic anhydrase activity was directly proportional to increasing blood glucose concentration. The haemolysate prepared from the erythrocytes of patients and controls also showed significantly higher carbonic anhydrase activities in patients than the controls. Increased carbonic anhydrase activity in a dose-dependent manner with methylglyoxal was also observed. CONCLUSION Insulin resistance is accompanied by increased activity of carbonic anhydrase which is significantly related to increasing methylglyoxal levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utpal Kumar Biswas
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine & JNM Hospital, Kalyani.
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Williams MA, Enquobahrie DA, Zimmer J, Qiu CF, Hevner K, Abetew D, Christianson C, Sheaff C. Maternal plasma advanced glycation end products concentrations in response to oral 50-gram glucose load in mid-pregnancy: a pilot study. Clin Lab 2012; 58:1045-1050. [PMID: 23163122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulating evidence documents the initiation of diverse physiologic and biochemical responses subsequent to an oral glucose load. OBJECTIVES We sought to evaluate the extent to which acute hyperglycemia, resulting from a 50-gram glucose load, contributes to changes in maternal plasma concentrations of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), a heterogeneous group of molecules formed from the non-enzymatic reaction of reducing sugars with free amino groups of proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. METHODS Blood specimens were collected from each participant in mid-pregnancy using standard procedures before and after a 50-gram oral glucose load. Maternal plasma methylglyoxal (MG), pentosidine and N(epsilon)-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML) (free and bound) were measured by HPLC-MS/MS method. Non-parametric methods were employed for statistical analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Median plasma MG increased 1.27 fold as a result of acute hyperglycemia. Median bound CML concentrations were elevated 21% in post-load plasma samples as compared with pre-load samples, while median free pentosidine concentrations were 51% lower (both p-values < 0.05). Future studies of larger populations and longer periods of follow-up are warranted to investigate the consequences of acute and chronic hyperglycemia on placental function and fetal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle A Williams
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Beeri MS, Moshier E, Schmeidler J, Godbold J, Uribarri J, Reddy S, Sano M, Grossman HT, Cai W, Vlassara H, Silverman JM. Serum concentration of an inflammatory glycotoxin, methylglyoxal, is associated with increased cognitive decline in elderly individuals. Mech Ageing Dev 2011; 132:583-7. [PMID: 22079406 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2011.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2011] [Revised: 10/14/2011] [Accepted: 10/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Advanced glycations end products increase oxidant stress, inflammation, and neurotoxicity. Serum levels are increased in diabetes and aging. We examined the relationship between serum methylglyoxal derivatives (sMG), and cognitive decline, in 267 non-demented elderly. METHODS Tobit mixed regression models assessed the association of baseline sMG with cognitive decline in the Mini Mental State Exam (MMSE) over time, controlling for sociodemographic factors (age, sex, and years of education), cardiovascular risk factors (diabetes and presence of an ApoE4 allele), and kidney function. sMG was assessed by ELISA. RESULTS The fully adjusted model showed an annual decline of 0.26 MMSE points per unit increase in baseline sMG (p = 0.03). Significance was unchanged as additional risk factors were added to the model. The interactions of sMG with diabetes, sex, age, kidney function, and ApoE4 genotype were not significant. CONCLUSIONS Higher levels of baseline sMG were associated with a faster rate of cognitive decline, after adjusting for several sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. This relationship did not differ by sex, ApoE4 genotype, or diabetes status suggesting its generality. Since subjects were cognitively normal at the beginning of the study, elevated sMG may be indicative of brain cell injury initiated before clinically evident cognitive compromise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Schnaider Beeri
- Department of Psychiatry, The Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, United States.
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Masterjohn C, Mah E, Guo Y, Koo SI, Bruno RS. γ-Tocopherol abolishes postprandial increases in plasma methylglyoxal following an oral dose of glucose in healthy, college-aged men. J Nutr Biochem 2011; 23:292-8. [PMID: 21543210 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2010.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2010] [Revised: 12/03/2010] [Accepted: 12/09/2010] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Postprandial hyperglycemia contributes to the risk of cardiovascular disease in part by increasing concentrations of the reactive dicarbonyl methylglyoxal (MGO), a byproduct of glucose metabolism. Oxidative stress increases MGO formation from glucose in vitro and decreases its glutathione-dependent detoxification to lactate. We hypothesized that the antioxidant γ-tocopherol, a form of vitamin E, would decrease hyperglycemia-mediated postprandial increases in plasma MGO in healthy, normoglycemic, college-aged men. Participants (n=12 men; 22.3±1.0 years; 29.3±2.4 kg/m(2)) received an oral dose of glucose (75 g) in the fasted state prior to and following 5-day ingestion of a vitamin E supplement enriched in γ-tocopherol (500 mg/day). γ-Tocopherol supplementation increased (P<.0001) plasma γ-tocopherol from 2.22±0.32 to 7.06±0.71 μmol/l. Baseline MGO concentrations and postprandial hyperglycemic responses were unaffected by γ-tocopherol supplementation (P>.05). Postprandial MGO concentrations increased in the absence of supplemental γ-tocopherol (P<.05), but not following γ-tocopherol supplementation (P>.05). Area under the curve for plasma MGO was significantly (P<.05) smaller with the supplementation of γ-tocopherol than without (area under the curve (0-180 min), -778±1010 vs. 2277±705). Plasma concentrations of γ-carboxyethyl-hydroxychroman, reduced glutathione and markers of total antioxidant capacity increased after supplementation, and these markers and plasma γ-tocopherol were inversely correlated with plasma MGO (r=-0.48 to -0.67, P<.05). These data suggest that short-term supplementation of γ-tocopherol abolishes the oral glucose-mediated increases in postprandial MGO through its direct and indirect antioxidant properties and may reduce hyperglycemia-mediated cardiovascular disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Masterjohn
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-4017, USA
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Terawaki H, Nakao M, Nakayama K, Nakayama M, Kimura A, Takane K, Mitome J, Hamaguchi A, Ogura M, Yokoyama K, Ito S, Hosoya T. Peritoneal clearance and transport of methylglyoxal. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2010; 26:753-4; author reply 754-5. [PMID: 21097649 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfq698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Karg E, Papp F, Tassi N, Janáky T, Wittmann G, Túri S. Enhanced methylglyoxal formation in the erythrocytes of hemodialyzed patients. Metabolism 2009; 58:976-82. [PMID: 19394056 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2009.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2008] [Accepted: 02/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Methylglyoxal (MG) contributes significantly to the carbonyl stress in uremia; however, the reason for its increased concentration is not clear. Thus, the present study was aimed to investigate the formation and degradation of MG in the erythrocytes of hemodialyzed (HD) patients with end-stage renal disease. In 22 nondiabetic patients on long-term HD, erythrocyte MG and d-lactate levels, glyoxalase activities, and whole blood reduced glutathione content were determined. The data were compared with those from 22 healthy controls. Erythrocyte MG and d-lactate production were also investigated in vitro under normoglycemic (5 mmol/L) and hyperglycemic (50 mmol/L) conditions. The erythrocyte MG levels were elevated (P < .001) in the HD patients. The blood reduced glutathione content and glyoxalase I activity were similar to the control levels, but the glyoxalase II activity was significantly (P < .005) increased. In the normoglycemic in vitro model, production of both MG (P < .001) and d-lactate (P < .002) was significantly enhanced in the HD erythrocytes relative to the controls. During hyperglycemia, the MG formation and degradation rates were further increased (P < .001). The present study demonstrated an increased formation of MG in the erythrocytes of HD patients. This seemed to be related to a glucose metabolism disturbance of the cells. The degradation system of MG was also activated; still, it was not able to counteract the high rate of MG formation. The alterations and imbalance of these metabolic processes may contribute to the carbonyl overload and stress in the HD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eszter Karg
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
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Stirban A, Negrean M, Götting C, Stratmann B, Gawlowski T, Mueller-Roesel M, Kleesiek K, Koschinsky T, Tschoepe D. Leptin decreases postprandially in people with type 2 diabetes, an effect reduced by the cooking method. Horm Metab Res 2008; 40:896-900. [PMID: 18792885 DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1083784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Leptin modulates satiety and increases in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus in parallel with leptin resistance. Postprandial leptin regulation has been previously postulated to depend on meal composition, but data are controversial. The hypothesis of our study was that in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus, a postprandial leptin regulation exists that can be regulated not only by meal composition but also by the cooking method. In 20 inpatients with type 2 diabetes (mean age: 55.9 years), the acute effects of 2 meals, a high-heat-processed meal HHPM or a low-heat-processed meal LHPM, on leptin levels were studied on 2 different days in a randomized, crossover design. Both test meals had similar ingredients and differed only in the cooking method used. Parameters were measured after an overnight fast and at 2, 4, and 6 h postprandially. The HHPM induced a marked decrease in leptin levels, from 8 717+/-2 079 pg/ml at baseline to 6 788+/-1 598 pg/ml at 2 h postprandially (-1 929 pg/ml, -22%*), an effect significantly reduced by the LHPM, where values were 8 563+/-1 900 pg/ml at baseline and 7 425+/-1 591 pg/ml at 2 h postprandially (-1 138 pg/ml, -13%* (double dagger)) (*p<0.05 vs. baseline, (double dagger)p<0.05 vs. HHPM). Parameters of oxidative stress and blood AGEs increased only following the HHPM, while postprandial glucose, triglycerides, and insulin excursions were similar between meals. Postprandial leptin decreases following a HHPM meal in people with T2DM, an effect reduced by the cooking method.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Stirban
- Diabetes Center, Heart and Diabetes Center NRW Bad Oeynhausen, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany.
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Lu MP, Wang R, Song X, Wang X, Wu L, Meng QH. Modulation of methylglyoxal and glutathione by soybean isoflavones in mild streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2008; 18:618-23. [PMID: 18060748 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2007.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2007] [Revised: 04/21/2007] [Accepted: 05/16/2007] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Evidence shows that methylglyoxal (MG), a very reactive metabolite of glucose, plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of diabetes and diabetic complications. Although soy isoflavones have beneficial effects in diabetes, the role of soy isoflavones in regulating MG levels is unknown. The present study investigates the effects of soy protein isoflavones on MG and reduced glutathione (GSH). METHODS AND RESULTS Mild diabetes was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats by intraperitoneal injection of 35 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ). The diabetic rats were then randomly divided into three groups and received a special diet supplemented with casein (control), low-isoflavone soy protein (LIS), or high-isoflavone soy protein (HIS) for eight weeks, respectively. Compared to the control or LIS group, HIS diet significantly increased serum insulin levels (p<0.01 or 0.05) and reduced serum glucose and MG levels (p<0.05). Serum GSH levels were increased in HIS-fed rats compared with the control or LIS group (p<0.01). Serum total cholesterol and homocysteine levels were significantly lower in HIS and LIS rats than those of the control rats. CONCLUSIONS Both LIS and HIS diets can lower serum lipid and homocysteine levels in this mild diabetic model. HIS diet enhances insulin secretion and reduces glucose level. Moreover, the HIS diet has potential in reducing MG and increasing GSH levels. In addition to its hypoglycemic effect, the antioxidant protection may provide beneficial effects in preventing the development of diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Ping Lu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 103 Hospital Drive, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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Abstract
The research of Szent-Györgyi and others has suggested that the three-carbon ketoaldehyde methylglyoxal has a potential role in the control of cell growth. Its metabolism to D-lactate (not the L-lactate of glycolysis) is catalysed by the mammalian enzymes glyoxalase I (S-lactoyl-glutathione methylglyoxal-lyase, isomerizing; EC 4.4.1.5) and glyoxalase II (S-2-hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase; 3.1.2.6), with glutathione as a coenzyme. Direct determination of methylglyoxal in biological tissues is difficult because of the active glyoxalase system. However, the product of the glyoxalase system, D-lactate, should indicate formed or added methylglyoxal. A stereospecific assay was used to measure D-lactate in human plasma; it involved the spectrophotometric analysis of NADH at 340 nm catalysed by D-lactate dehydrogenase (D-lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase; EC 1.1.1.28) from Lactobacillus leichmannii. Blood collected by venepuncture was used for the determination of the plasma concentration of D-lactate. The mean concentration for seven normal subjects was 0.023 mM +/- 0.002 S.E.M. When the glycolytic pathway in whole blood was inhibited in vitro with fluoride, a significant increase in D-lactate was found (about 0.15 mM/hour at 37 degrees C). Added methylglyoxal also produced an increase in D-lactate formation. Some specific precursors of L-lactate (dihydroxyacetone phosphate, for example) added to whole blood produced an increased concentration of D-lactate, even when glycolysis was not inhibited. This finding indicates that catabolites of glucose lead to methylglyoxal synthesis and suggest a control function for the glyoxalase enzyme system in glycolysis that could be exploited for cancer therapy.
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Lloret A, Calzone R, Dunster C, Manini P, d'Ischia M, Degan P, Kelly FJ, Pallardó FV, Zatterale A, Pagano G. Different patterns of in vivo pro-oxidant states in a set of cancer- or aging-related genetic diseases. Free Radic Biol Med 2008; 44:495-503. [PMID: 18053816 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2007.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2007] [Revised: 09/14/2007] [Accepted: 10/24/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A comparative evaluation is reported of pro-oxidant states in 82 patients with ataxia telangectasia (AT), Bloom syndrome (BS), Down syndrome (DS), Fanconi anemia (FA), Werner syndrome (WS), and xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) vs 98 control donors. These disorders display cancer proneness, and/or early aging, and/or other clinical features. The measured analytes were: (a) leukocyte and urinary 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), (b) blood glutathione (GSSG and GSH), (c) plasma glyoxal (Glx) and methylglyoxal (MGlx), and (d) some plasma antioxidants [uric acid (UA) and ascorbic acid (AA)]. Leukocyte 8-OHdG levels ranked as follows: WS>BS approximately FA approximately XP>DS approximately AT approximately controls. Urinary 8-OHdG levels were significantly increased in a total of 22 patients with BS, FA, or XP vs 47 controls. The GSSG:GSH ratio was significantly increased in patients with WS and in young (< or =15 years) patients with DS or with FA and decreased in older patients with DS or FA and in AT, BS, and XP patients. The plasma levels of Glx and/or MGlx were significantly increased in patients with WS, FA, and DS. The UA and AA levels were significantly increased in WS and DS patients, but not in AT, FA, BS, nor XP patients. Rationale for chemoprevention trials is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Lloret
- Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, Avenida Blasco Ibañez 15, E-46010 Valencia, Spain
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Wang H, Meng QH, Gordon JR, Khandwala H, Wu L. Proinflammatory and proapoptotic effects of methylglyoxal on neutrophils from patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Clin Biochem 2007; 40:1232-9. [PMID: 17825811 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2007.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2007] [Revised: 07/05/2007] [Accepted: 07/19/2007] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of methylglyoxal (MG) on cytokine production by, and apoptosis of, neutrophils from type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. DESIGN AND METHODS The levels of plasma MG, cytokines released by isolated neutrophils and the apoptotic status of neutrophils were determined. RESULTS The higher level of plasma MG in T2DM patients was correlated positively with glycated hemoglobin levels, fasting plasma glucose levels and urine albumin/creatinine ratios. The basal levels of cytokines released from neutrophils were markedly higher in patients. MG treatment of the neutrophils isolated from diabetic patients either did not alter, or decreased, the production of cytokines. In contrast, MG induced the release of cytokines from neutrophils of non-diabetics. Moreover, the neutrophils from T2DM patients showed a greater proclivity for apoptosis, which was further increased by in vitro MG treatment. CONCLUSION MG stimulated neutrophils to release more cytokines, which might play a role in the development of infection in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, 107 Wiggins Road, Canada S7N 5E5
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Han Y, Randell E, Vasdev S, Gill V, Gadag V, Newhook LA, Grant M, Hagerty D. Plasma methylglyoxal and glyoxal are elevated and related to early membrane alteration in young, complication-free patients with Type 1 diabetes. Mol Cell Biochem 2007; 305:123-31. [PMID: 17594057 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-007-9535-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2007] [Accepted: 06/11/2007] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The reactive aldehydes methylglyoxal and glyoxal, arise from enzymatic and non-enzymatic degradation of glucose, lipid and protein catabolism, and lipid peroxidation. In Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) where hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, and lipid peroxidation are common, these aldehydes may be elevated. These aldehydes form advanced glycation end products (AGEs) with proteins that are implicated in diabetic complications. We measured plasma methylglyoxal and glyoxal in young, complication-free T1DM patients and assessed activity of the ubiquitous membrane enzyme, Na+/K+ ATPase. A total of 56 patients with TIDM (DM group), 6-22 years, and 18 non-diabetics (ND group), 6-21 years, were enrolled. Mean plasma A1C (%) was higher in the DM group (8.5+/-1.3) as compared to the ND group (5.0+/-0.3). Using a novel liquid chromatography-mass spectrophotometry method, we found that mean plasma methylglyoxal (nmol/l) and glyoxal levels (nmol/l), respectively, were higher in the DM group (841.7+/-237.7, 1051.8+/-515.2) versus the ND group (439.2+/-90.1, 328.2+/-207.5). Erythrocyte membrane Na+/K+ ATPase activity (nmol NADH oxidized/min/mg protein) was elevated in the DM group (4.47+/-0.98) compared to the ND group (2.16+/-0.59). A1C correlated with plasma methylglyoxal and glyoxal, and both aldehydes correlated with each other. A high correlation of A1C with Na+/K+ ATPase activity, and a regression analysis showing A1C as a good predictor of activity of this enzyme, point to a role for glucose in membrane alteration. In complication-free patients, increased plasma methylglyoxal, plasma glyoxal, and erythrocyte Na+/K+ ATPase activity may foretell future diabetic complications, and emphasize a need for aggressive management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingchun Han
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Memorial University, St. John's, Canada
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Degan P, d'Ischia M, Pallardó FV, Zatterale A, Brusco A, Calzone R, Cavalieri S, Kavakli K, Lloret A, Manini P, Pisanti MA, Vuttariello E, Pagano G. Glutathione levels in blood from ataxia telangiectasia patients suggest in vivo adaptive mechanisms to oxidative stress. Clin Biochem 2007; 40:666-70. [PMID: 17466964 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2007.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2006] [Revised: 03/02/2007] [Accepted: 03/13/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate an in vivo pro-oxidant state in patients with ataxia telangiectasia (AT). METHODS A set of oxidative stress endpoints were measured in 9 AT homozygotes, 16 AT heterozygotes (parents) and 83 controls (grouped in age ranges as for patients and parents, respectively). The following analytes were measured: (a) leukocyte 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG); (b) blood glutathione (GSSG and GSH); and (c) plasma levels of glyoxal (Glx) and methylglyoxal (MGlx). RESULTS AT patients displayed a significant decrease in blood GSSG (p=0.012) and in MGlx plasma concentrations (p=0.012). A non-significant decrease in the GSSG:GSH ratio (p=0.1) and a non-significant increase in 8-OHdG and Glx levels were observed in AT patients vs. young controls (age range 4-35 years). AT heterozygotes failed to display any significant changes vs. adult controls (age range 36-68 years). CONCLUSION No significant increase in oxidative stress biomarkers was detected in blood from AT patients. The decrease in GSSG and MGlx levels in AT patients may suggest an adaptive response to a pro-oxidant state in AT-related target organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Degan
- Italian National Cancer Institute, IST; I-16132 Genoa, Italy
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Nicolay JP, Schneider J, Niemoeller OM, Artunc F, Portero-Otin M, Haik G, Thornalley PJ, Schleicher E, Wieder T, Lang F. Stimulation of suicidal erythrocyte death by methylglyoxal. Cell Physiol Biochem 2007; 18:223-32. [PMID: 17167227 DOI: 10.1159/000097669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/27/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes increases the percentage of circulating erythrocytes exposing phosphatidylserine (PS) at the cell surface. PS-exposing erythrocytes are recognized, bound, engulfed and degraded by macrophages. Thus, PS exposure, a feature of suicidal erythrocyte death or eryptosis, accelerates clearance of affected erythrocytes from circulating blood. Moreover, PS-exposing erythrocytes bind to the vascular wall thus interfering with microcirculation. The present study explored mechanisms involved in the triggering of PS exposure by methylgloxal, an extra- and intracellular metabolite which is enhanced in diabetes. PS exposure, cell size and cytosolic Ca(2+)-activity after methylglyoxal treatment were measured by FACS analysis of annexin V binding, forward scatter and Fluo-3-fluorescence, respectively, and it was shown that the treatment significantly enhanced the percentage of PS-exposing erythrocytes at concentrations (0.3 microM) encountered in diabetic patients. Surprisingly, methylglyoxal did not significantly increase cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration, and at concentrations up to 3 microM, did not decrease the forward scatter. Instead, exposure to methylglyoxal inhibited glycolysis thus decreasing ATP and GSH concentrations. In conclusion, methylglyoxal impairs energy production and anti-oxidative defense, effects contributing to the enhanced PS exposure of circulating erythrocytes and eventually resulting in anemia and deranged microcirculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan P Nicolay
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Abstract
Carbonyl stress is hypothesized to be an associated complication of diabetic ketoacidosis. The production of the glycolytic intermediate methylglyoxal (MG) was followed up in 7 diabetic patients treated for ketoacidosis during pretreatment and recovery phase. Blood samples for methylglyoxal analysis were collected upon patient arrival in emergency department (0 h), and during ketoacidosis treatment between 12-24 h and at 168 h. The study also included 10 normoglycaemic healthy volunteers and 31 type 1 diabetic patients (control diabetes group). The methylglyoxal assay, based on methylglyoxal derivation with 1,2-diamino-4,5-dimethoxybenzene (DDB), was performed by HPLC, only assessing the level of free methylglyoxal. The baseline level of methylglyoxal recorded in normoglycemic healthy controls was 338 +/- 62 nmol/l versus 374 +/- 89 nmol/l in control diabetes group (P = 0.0407). A consistent feature of diabetic ketoacidosis before and during treatment was striking elevation of methylglyoxal as compared with control diabetes group (median test chi(2) = 14.6, df = 3, P = 0.0021). Friedman's ANOVA indicated differences (P = 0.04) among the three sampling times with a peak value (601 +/- 95 nmol/l) at 12-24 h following therapy initiation. However, fasting treatment values at 168 h were still significantly higher than the mean fasting methylglyoxal level in control diabetes group (P = 0.008). The study indicated that diabetic ketoacidosis results in an increase in methylglyoxal level. Excessive production of toxic intermediates such are alpha-dicarbonyls may be a link connecting an acute metabolic event with accelerated tissue damage, a feature characteristic of long-term complications of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Turk
- Vuk Vrhovac, University Clinic for Diabetes, Zagreb, Croatia.
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45
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Lapolla A, Flamini R, Aricò CN, Rugiu C, Reitano R, Ragazzi E, Seraglia R, Dalla Vedova A, Lupo A, Traldi P. The fate of glyoxal and methylglyoxal in peritoneal dialysis. J Mass Spectrom 2006; 41:405-8. [PMID: 16421866 DOI: 10.1002/jms.985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
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46
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Lapolla A, Flamini R, Lupo A, Aricò NC, Rugiu C, Reitano R, Tubaro M, Ragazzi E, Seraglia R, Traldi P. Evaluation of Glyoxal and Methylglyoxal Levels in Uremic Patients under Peritoneal Dialysis. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2006; 1043:217-24. [PMID: 16037242 DOI: 10.1196/annals.1333.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) accumulate in serum and tissues of patients with chronic renal failure, even in the absence of diabetes, and a different clearance of these species has been observed by hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). Furthermore, it has been shown that not only AGE but also 1,2-dicarbonyl compounds are formed during heat sterilization of glucose-based peritoneal dialysis fluids. Therefore, we investigated the level of some AGEs (pentosidine and free pentosidine) and dicarbonyl compounds (glyoxal and methylglyoxal) in end-stage renal disease patients subjected to peritoneal dialysis. Samples (20 from healthy subjects, 16 from uremic patients before and after 12 h of peritoneal dialysis) were analyzed, and the plasma and dialysate levels of glyoxal, methylglyoxal, pentosidine, and free pentosidine were determined. In plasma of uremic patients, mean values of pentosidine showed a small decrease after dialysis and were always higher than those of healthy control subjects. An analogous trend was observed for free pentosidine. In the case of peritoneal dialysate, no pentosidine and free pentosidine were found at time zero, whereas both compounds were detected after 12 h of dialysis. Glyoxal and methylglyoxal mean levels showed a decrease in plasma after dialysis even if their values were always higher than those of healthy control subjects. Surprisingly, an analogous trend was observed also in dialysate. These results might indicate that glyoxal and methylglyoxal already present in the dialysis fluid react with the peritoneal matrix proteins, accounting for the gradual loss of peritoneal membrane function that is often observed in patients subjected to CAPD for a long time.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lapolla
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Cattedra di Malattie del Metabolismo, Via Giustiniani 2, 35100 Padova, Italy.
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47
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Abstract
The accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in brains with Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been implicated in the formation of insoluble deposits such as amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. AGEs are also known to activate glia, resulting in inflammation and neuronal dysfunction. As reactive intermediates of AGE formation, neurotoxic reactive dicarbonyl compounds such as glyoxal and methylglyoxal have been identified. One of the most effective detoxification systems for methylglyoxal and glyoxal is the glutathione-dependent glyoxalase system, consisting of glyoxalase I and glyoxalase II. In this study, we have determined the methylglyoxal and glyoxal levels in the cerebrospinal fluid of AD patients compared to healthy controls. Methylglyoxal levels in AD patients were twofold higher than in controls, but this difference was not significant due to the large intergroup variations and the small sample size. However, the concentrations of both compounds were five to seven times higher in CSF than in plasma. We also investigated the glyoxalase I level in AD and healthy control brains. The number of glyoxalase I- positive neurons were increased in AD brains compared to controls. Our findings suggest that glyoxalase I is upregulated in AD in a compensatory manner to maintain physiological methylglyoxal and glyoxal levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Kuhla
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Clinical Research (IZKF), Neuroimmunological Cell Biology Unit, University of Leipzig, Inselstrasse 22, D- 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
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Pagano G, Zatterale A, Degan P, d'Ischia M, Kelly FJ, Pallardó FV, Calzone R, Castello G, Dunster C, Giudice A, Kilinç Y, Lloret A, Manini P, Masella R, Vuttariello E, Warnau M. In vivo prooxidant state in Werner syndrome (WS): results from three WS patients and two WS heterozygotes. Free Radic Res 2005; 39:529-33. [PMID: 16036329 DOI: 10.1080/10715760500092683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The hypothesis was tested that Werner syndrome (WS) phenotype might be associated with an in vivo prooxidant state. A set of redox-related endpoints were measured in three WS patients, two of their parents, and 99 controls within a study of some cancer-prone and/or ageing-related genetic disorders. The following analytes were measured: (a) leukocyte 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine; (b) glutathione from whole blood, and (c) plasma levels of glyoxal, methylglyoxal, 8-isoprostane, and some plasma antioxidants (uric acid, ascorbic acid, alpha- and gamma-tocopherol). Leukocyte 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine levels showed a significant increase in the 3 WS patients vs. 85 controls (p<10(-7)). The disulfide glutathione:glutahione ratio was significantly altered in WS patients (p=0.005). Glyoxal and methylglyoxal levels were significantly increased (p=0.018 and p=0.007, respectively). The plasma levels of uric acid (p=0.002) and ascorbic acid (p=0.003) were also increased significantly in WS patients and in their parents. No significant alterations were found in the plasma levels of alpha- and gamma-tocopherol, nor of 8-isoprostane. This is the first report of in vivo alterations of oxidative stress parameters in WS patients. Further investigations on more extensive study populations are warranted to verify the relevance of an in vivo prooxidant state in WS patients.
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Shangari N, Depeint F, Furrer R, Bruce WR, O'Brien PJ. The effects of partial thiamin deficiency and oxidative stress (i.e., glyoxal and methylglyoxal) on the levels of α-oxoaldehyde plasma protein adducts in Fischer 344 rats. FEBS Lett 2005; 579:5596-602. [PMID: 16214141 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2005.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2005] [Revised: 09/07/2005] [Accepted: 09/20/2005] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
We hypothesized that in marginal thiamin deficiency intracellular alpha-oxoaldehydes form macromolecular adducts that could possibly be genotoxic in colon cells; and that in the presence of oxidative stress these effects are augmented because of decreased detoxification of these aldehydes. We have demonstrated that reduced dietary thiamin in F344 rats decreased transketolase activity and increased alpha-oxoaldehyde adduct levels. The methylglyoxal protein adduct level was not affected by oral glyoxal or methylglyoxal in the animals receiving thiamin at the control levels but was markedly increased in the animals on a thiamin-reduced diet. These observations are consistent with our suggestion that the induction of aberrant crypt foci with marginally thiamin-deficient diets may be a consequence of the formation of methylglyoxal adducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandita Shangari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
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50
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Lapolla A, Reitano R, Seraglia R, Sartore G, Ragazzi E, Traldi P. Evaluation of advanced glycation end products and carbonyl compounds in patients with different conditions of oxidative stress. Mol Nutr Food Res 2005; 49:685-90. [PMID: 15926142 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200400093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Advanced glycation end products (AGE) and dicarbonyl compounds accumulate in serum and tissues of patients with diabetes and chronic renal failure. Pentosidine, free pentosidine, glyoxal and methylglyoxal have been evaluated in plasma of diabetic patients with poor metabolic control at baseline and after the improvement of glycemic levels, and in plasma and peritoneal dialysate of patients with renal failure before and after 12 h of peritoneal dialysis. In diabetic patients, acceptable metabolic control was unable to normalize levels of pentosidine (after 2 and 10 months), glyoxal and methylglyoxal (after 2 months). In patients with end-stage renal disease, mean values of pentosidine, free pentosidine, glyoxal and methylglyoxal decreased in plasma after dialysis. No pentosidine or free pentosidine were present in the peritoneal dialysate at time 0, but were found after 12 h of peritoneal dialysis; glyoxal and methylglyoxal decreased after 12 h of dialysis. So, glyoxal and methylglyoxal, already present in the dialysis fluid, can react with the peritoneal matrix protein, giving a reason for the gradual loss of peritoneal membrane function often observed in patients undergoing long-term peritoneal dialysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annunziata Lapolla
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche - Cattedra di Malattie del Metabolismo, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy.
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