1
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Singh Chawla D. How reliable is this research? Tool flags papers discussed on PubPeer. Nature 2024; 629:271-272. [PMID: 38684831 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-024-01247-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
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2
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Lowenstein DH. Allow researchers with caring responsibilities 'promotion pauses' to make research more equitable. Nature 2024; 628:36. [PMID: 38565661 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-024-00971-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
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3
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Alexandrova A. Meaningfulness in a scientific career is about more than tangible outputs. Nature 2024; 627:489. [PMID: 38503913 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-024-00827-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
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4
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Alkahtani TA. What's needed to rebuild Saudi Arabia's research reputation. Nature 2024; 626:33. [PMID: 38291137 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-024-00198-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
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5
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Lagisz M. Research prizes are opaque and rife with bias - it's time to shake them up. Nature 2023; 624:476. [PMID: 38114671 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-023-04027-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
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6
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Haven T, Bouter L, Mennen L, Tijdink J. Superb supervision: A pilot study on training supervisors to convey responsible research practices onto their PhD candidates. Account Res 2023; 30:574-591. [PMID: 35475492 DOI: 10.1080/08989621.2022.2071153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
One way to strengthen research integrity, is through supervision. According to previous research, a supervisor should be well-versed in responsible research practices (RRPs) and possess the necessary interpersonal skills to convey RRPs. We developed a 3-day pilot training for PhD supervisors that combined RRPs and interpersonal skills. Our aim was to assess: perceptions regarding supervision skills (before and after the pilot) and participants' views on combining RRPs and interpersonal skills. Before and after the pilot, we sent the Research Supervision Quality Evaluation survey to the participating PhD supervisors and their PhD candidates. The pilot was concluded with a focus group where participants deliberated over the combination of training in interpersonal skills and RRPs and whether such training should become compulsory. Both supervisors and PhD candidates were more positive about the supervisor's interpersonal skills and the ability to foster RRPs after the training. Participants were enthusiastic about the training's dual focus but believed that making the training compulsory would be undesirable. The results highlight the potential of RRPs training for supervisors. However, caution is warranted, as the results regard a small sample of volunteering supervisors, underscoring the need for larger programs to foster responsible supervision that are rigorously evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamarinde Haven
- QUEST Center for Responsible Research, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lex Bouter
- Department of Philosophy, Faculty of Humanities, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Louise Mennen
- Mennen Training & Consultancy, Haarlem, The Netherlands
| | - Joeri Tijdink
- Department of Philosophy, Faculty of Humanities, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Ethics, Law and Humanities, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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7
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Cao C. China must draw on internal research strength. Nature 2023; 623:S14. [PMID: 37938713 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-023-03445-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
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8
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9
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Hanson B, Stall S, Cutcher-Gershenfeld J, Vrouwenvelder K, Wirz C, Rao YD, Peng G. Garbage in, garbage out: mitigating risks and maximizing benefits of AI in research. Nature 2023; 623:28-31. [PMID: 37907636 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-023-03316-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
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10
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Nyhan MM, Cryan JF. Embed impact on SDGs in research assessments. Nature 2023; 621:258. [PMID: 37700042 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-023-02860-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
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11
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12
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Baker S. China sees renewed surge in natural sciences. Nature 2023; 620:S1. [PMID: 37558840 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-023-02158-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
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13
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14
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Conroy G, Pawar P, Powell S. How China is capturing attention with landmark research. Nature 2023; 620:S6-S8. [PMID: 37558843 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-023-02160-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
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15
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Cuestas E. [Variability and discrepancies between Ethics Committees in the evaluation of academic research projects]. Rev Fac Cien Med Univ Nac Cordoba 2023; 80:85-87. [PMID: 37402300 PMCID: PMC10443415 DOI: 10.31053/1853.0605.v80.n2.39412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Editorial: Variability and discrepancies between Ethics Committees in the evaluation of academic research projects.
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16
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Zhong MY, Wang CY, Zhuang M, An JL, DU XC, Zhai JN, Zheng WK. [Problems and thoughts in clinical safety evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2023; 48:3404-3408. [PMID: 37382023 DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20230123.503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Amid the modernization and internationalization of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM), the safety of TCM has attracted much attention. At the moment, the government, scientific research teams, and pharmaceutical enterprises have made great efforts to explore methods and techniques for clinical safety evaluation of TCM. Although considerable achievements have been made, there are still many problems, such as the non-standard terms of adverse reactions of TCM, unclear evaluation indicators, unreasonable judgment methods, lack of evaluation models, out-of-date evaluation standards, and unsound reporting systems. Therefore, it is urgent to further deepen the research mode and method of clinical safety evaluation of TCM. Based on the current national requirements for the life-cycle management of drugs, this study focused on the problems in the five dimensions of clinical safety evaluation of TCM, including normative terms, evaluation modes, judgment methods, evaluation standards, and reporting systems, and proposed suggestions on the development of a life-cycle clinical safety evaluation method that conformed to the characteristics of TCM, hoping to provide a reference for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Yuan Zhong
- Center for Evidence-based Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Chun-Yang Wang
- Center for Evidence-based Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Ming Zhuang
- Center for Evidence-based Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Jia-Li An
- Center for Evidence-based Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Xue-Chen DU
- Center for Evidence-based Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Jia-Ni Zhai
- Center for Evidence-based Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Wen-Ke Zheng
- Center for Evidence-based Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin 301617, China Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine Tianjin 301617, China
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17
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Gusenbauer M. Audit AI search tools now, before they skew research. Nature 2023; 617:439. [PMID: 37193815 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-023-01613-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
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18
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Crüwell S, Apthorp D, Baker BJ, Colling L, Elson M, Geiger SJ, Lobentanzer S, Monéger J, Patterson A, Schwarzkopf DS, Zaneva M, Brown NJL. What's in a Badge? A Computational Reproducibility Investigation of the Open Data Badge Policy in One Issue of Psychological Science. Psychol Sci 2023; 34:512-522. [PMID: 36730433 DOI: 10.1177/09567976221140828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In April 2019, Psychological Science published its first issue in which all Research Articles received the Open Data badge. We used that issue to investigate the effectiveness of this badge, focusing on the adherence to its aim at Psychological Science: sharing both data and code to ensure reproducibility of results. Twelve researchers of varying experience levels attempted to reproduce the results of the empirical articles in the target issue (at least three researchers per article). We found that all 14 articles provided at least some data and six provided analysis code, but only one article was rated to be exactly reproducible, and three were rated as essentially reproducible with minor deviations. We suggest that researchers should be encouraged to adhere to the higher standard in force at Psychological Science. Moreover, a check of reproducibility during peer review may be preferable to the disclosure method of awarding badges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Crüwell
- Meta-Research Innovation Center Berlin (METRIC-B), QUEST Center for Transforming Biomedical Research, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
- Department of History and Philosophy of Science, University of Cambridge
| | - Deborah Apthorp
- School of Psychology, University of New England
- School of Computing, Australian National University
| | - Bradley J Baker
- Department of Sport and Recreation Management, Temple University
| | | | - Malte Elson
- Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum
- Horst Görtz Institute for IT Security, Ruhr University Bochum
| | - Sandra J Geiger
- Environmental Psychology, Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna
| | | | - Jean Monéger
- Department of Psychology, University of Poitiers
- Research Center on Cognition and Learning, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 7295
| | - Alex Patterson
- Sheffield Methods Institute, The University of Sheffield
| | - D Samuel Schwarzkopf
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Auckland
- Experimental Psychology, University College London
| | - Mirela Zaneva
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford
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19
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20
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McNeill D. Shoring up Japan's research performance. Nature 2023; 615:S86. [PMID: 36890389 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-023-00666-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
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21
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Scarpulla V, Amadasi A, Pelotti S, Ingravallo F. Applicability and usefulness of the Declaration of Helsinki for forensic research with human cadavers and remains. Forensic Sci Med Pathol 2023; 19:1-7. [PMID: 35932421 PMCID: PMC9362629 DOI: 10.1007/s12024-022-00510-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Bodies of deceased persons and human remains and their specimens (i.e., organs, bones, tissues, or biological samples) are essential in forensic research but ad hoc worldwide-recognized ethical standards for their use are still lacking. Such standards are needed both to avoid possible unethical practices and to sustain research in the forensic field. Pending consensus within the forensic science community regarding this topic, with this article we aim to stimulate a debate as to the applicability and usefulness of the Declaration of Helsinki in the field of forensic research involving human cadavers and remains. Considering the fundamental differences compared to clinical research involving human beings and the different moral obligations involved, we focus on the risks, burdens, and benefits of research, ethics committee approval, and informed consent requirements. The Declaration of Helsinki framework allows forensic researchers to focus on substantial ethical principles promoting the consistency, integrity, and quality of research. Consensus regarding ethical standards and the adoption of national and supranational laws that clearly regulate the use of human cadavers and remains, including those from autopsies, continues to be of primary importance for the forensic science community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Scarpulla
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 49, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alberto Amadasi
- Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences, University Medical Centre Charité, University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Susi Pelotti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 49, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Ingravallo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 49, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
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22
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Goodrum F, Lowen AC, Lakdawala S, Alwine J, Casadevall A, Imperiale MJ, Atwood W, Avgousti D, Baines J, Banfield B, Banks L, Bhaduri-McIntosh S, Bhattacharya D, Blanco-Melo D, Bloom D, Boon A, Boulant S, Brandt C, Broadbent A, Brooke C, Cameron C, Campos S, Caposio P, Chan G, Cliffe A, Coffin J, Collins K, Damania B, Daugherty M, Debbink K, DeCaprio J, Dermody T, Dikeakos J, DiMaio D, Dinglasan R, Duprex WP, Dutch R, Elde N, Emerman M, Enquist L, Fane B, Fernandez-Sesma A, Flenniken M, Frappier L, Frieman M, Frueh K, Gack M, Gaglia M, Gallagher T, Galloway D, García-Sastre A, Geballe A, Glaunsinger B, Goff S, Greninger A, Hancock M, Harris E, Heaton N, Heise M, Heldwein E, Hogue B, Horner S, Hutchinson E, Hyser J, Jackson W, Kalejta R, Kamil J, Karst S, Kirchhoff F, Knipe D, Kowalik T, Lagunoff M, Laimins L, Langlois R, Lauring A, Lee B, Leib D, Liu SL, Longnecker R, Lopez C, Luftig M, Lund J, Manicassamy B, McFadden G, McIntosh M, Mehle A, Miller WA, Mohr I, Moody C, Moorman N, Moscona A, Mounce B, Munger J, Münger K, Murphy E, Naghavi M, Nelson J, Neufeldt C, Nikolich J, O'Connor C, Ono A, Orenstein W, Ornelles D, Ou JH, Parker J, Parrish C, Pekosz A, Pellett P, Pfeiffer J, Plemper R, Polyak S, Purdy J, Pyeon D, Quinones-Mateu M, Renne R, Rice C, Schoggins J, Roller R, Russell C, Sandri-Goldin R, Sapp M, Schang L, Schmid S, Schultz-Cherry S, Semler B, Shenk T, Silvestri G, Simon V, Smith G, Smith J, Spindler K, Stanifer M, Subbarao K, Sundquist W, Suthar M, Sutton T, Tai A, Tarakanova V, tenOever B, Tibbetts S, Tompkins S, Toth Z, van Doorslaer K, Vignuzzi M, Wallace N, Walsh D, Weekes M, Weinberg J, Weitzman M, Weller S, Whelan S, White E, Williams B, Wobus C, Wong S, Yurochko A. Virology under the Microscope-a Call for Rational Discourse. J Virol 2023; 97:e0008923. [PMID: 36700640 PMCID: PMC9972907 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00089-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Viruses have brought humanity many challenges: respiratory infection, cancer, neurological impairment and immunosuppression to name a few. Virology research over the last 60+ years has responded to reduce this disease burden with vaccines and antivirals. Despite this long history, the COVID-19 pandemic has brought unprecedented attention to the field of virology. Some of this attention is focused on concern about the safe conduct of research with human pathogens. A small but vocal group of individuals has seized upon these concerns - conflating legitimate questions about safely conducting virus-related research with uncertainties over the origins of SARS-CoV-2. The result has fueled public confusion and, in many instances, ill-informed condemnation of virology. With this article, we seek to promote a return to rational discourse. We explain the use of gain-of-function approaches in science, discuss the possible origins of SARS-CoV-2 and outline current regulatory structures that provide oversight for virological research in the United States. By offering our expertise, we - a broad group of working virologists - seek to aid policy makers in navigating these controversial issues. Balanced, evidence-based discourse is essential to addressing public concern while maintaining and expanding much-needed research in virology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicia Goodrum
- Department of Immunobiology, BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Anice C. Lowen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Seema Lakdawala
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - James Alwine
- Department of Immunobiology, BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Arturo Casadevall
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael J. Imperiale
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Daphne Avgousti
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | | | - Lawrence Banks
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy
| | | | | | | | - David Bloom
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Adrianus Boon
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Curtis Brandt
- University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | | | - Craig Cameron
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | | | | | - Gary Chan
- SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Anna Cliffe
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - John Coffin
- Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Blossom Damania
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Kari Debbink
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Nels Elde
- University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Michael Emerman
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Lynn Enquist
- Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Klaus Frueh
- Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - Michaela Gack
- Florida Research and Innovation Center, Port Saint Lucie, Florida, USA
| | - Marta Gaglia
- University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | - Denise Galloway
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Adam Geballe
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | | | | | - Meaghan Hancock
- Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - Eva Harris
- University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | | | - Mark Heise
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jeremy Kamil
- Louisiana State University, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | | | | | - David Knipe
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | | | - Ryan Langlois
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Adam Lauring
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Benhur Lee
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - David Leib
- Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Shan-Lu Liu
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jennifer Lund
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | | | | | - Andrew Mehle
- University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | - Ian Mohr
- New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Cary Moody
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Karl Münger
- Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Eain Murphy
- SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | | | - Jay Nelson
- Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | | | | | | | - Akira Ono
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | - David Ornelles
- Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jing-hsiung Ou
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - John Purdy
- University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Dohun Pyeon
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Rolf Renne
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Charles Rice
- The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | | | | | - Charles Russell
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - Martin Sapp
- Louisiana State University, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | | | | | | | - Bert Semler
- University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Thomas Shenk
- Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - Viviana Simon
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Jason Smith
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | | | - Kanta Subbarao
- The Peter Doherty Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | | | - Troy Sutton
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Andrew Tai
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Zsolt Toth
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | | | | | | | - Derek Walsh
- Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | | | | | - Sandra Weller
- University of Connecticut, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Sean Whelan
- Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | | | | | | | - Scott Wong
- Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
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23
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Briggs J, Vallone D. The Tobacco Industry's Renewed Assault on Science: A Call for a United Public Health Response. Am J Public Health 2022; 112:388-390. [PMID: 35196043 PMCID: PMC8887178 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2021.306683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jodie Briggs
- Jodie Briggs is with Truth Initiative, Washington, DC. Donna Vallone is with Truth Initiative and the College of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY
| | - Donna Vallone
- Jodie Briggs is with Truth Initiative, Washington, DC. Donna Vallone is with Truth Initiative and the College of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY
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24
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Lane KL, Cabell SQ, Drew SV. A Productive Scholar's Guide to Respectful, Responsible Inquiry During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Moving Forward. J Learn Disabil 2021; 54:388-399. [PMID: 34137328 DOI: 10.1177/00222194211023186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic of 2020, schools across the country have pivoted to providing a range of instructional opportunities including remote, hybrid, and modified in-person options with a commitment to keeping our society safe and supporting our nations' youth in continuing their education. One byproduct of this most challenging situation has been the interruption of scientific inquiry in many fields, including educational research. Using a framework of self-leadership, in this feature article, we provide reflections to guide discussion among scholars involved in school-based research during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on lessons learned in our own mentee-mentor relationships and from our collective experiences, the purpose of this article is to offer considerations primarily for early-career scholars, but also to engage dialogue among mid- and late-career scholars to promote school-based inquiry in this defining moment in history, at a time when educators are concerned with mitigating learning loss. We focus on (a) revisiting and refining programmatic lines of inquiry, (b) crafting articles to disseminate lessons learned from research conducted to date-including those with lost time points, (c) retooling in a focused area of inquiry (e.g., methodology), (d) conceptualizing future studies featuring procedures that do-and do not-allow for interpersonal contact, and (e) appreciating and acknowledging individuals who have facilitated inquiry. We conclude with a note of encouragement and call to action for future educational research.
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Ruszkowski J, Majkutewicz K, Rybka E, Kutek M, Dębska-Ślizień A, Witkowski JM. The methodological quality and clinical applicability of meta-analyses on probiotics in 2020: A cross-sectional study. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 142:112044. [PMID: 34399202 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Systematic reviews with meta-analyses (SR/MA) are frequently conducted to investigate clinical efficacy of probiotics. However, only rigorously prepared analyses can serve as the highest level of evidence for a specified research question. We have aimed to determine (1) what is the methodological quality of recent SR/MA conducted to assess the efficacy of probiotics; (2) whether the results of SR/MA have a clinical application; and (3) what are factors associated with better quality and applicability of the SR/MA. We systematically searched 4 databases for SR/MA on the probiotics efficacy published in 2020 (PROSPERO CRD42020222716). The AMSTAR 2 tool and pre-defined authors' criteria were used to evaluate methodological quality and clinical applicability, respectively. A total of 114 SR/MA were appraised. In the case of 88 papers (77%), the overall confidence in the results was rated as "critically low". The most prevalent flaws were lack of list of excluded studies with justification (79.8%), lack of study protocol (60.5%), and problems with appropriate results combination(54.4%). A declaration of conduction a probiotic efficacy SR/MA could have been misleading in case of 18 studies that included also synbiotics, paraprobiotics, and prebiotics trials in analyses. Only 14 SR/MA provided results that can be apply in clinical practice. Higher journal impact factor and European affiliation of the 1st and corresponding authors were most consistently associated with higher odds of AMSTAR 2 items fulfillments. Based on our findings, SR/MA of probiotics trials cannot be treated as the highest level of evidence without a careful evaluation of their methodological validity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Ruszkowski
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 7, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland; Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Majkutewicz
- Pathophysiology and Experimental Rheumatology Student Interest Club, Departments of Pathophysiology and Experimental Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Poland
| | | | - Marcin Kutek
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 7, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Alicja Dębska-Ślizień
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jacek M Witkowski
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 7, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland
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Peluso MJ, Dee L, Taylor J, Campbell DM, Ehm A, Agosto-Rosario M, Shao S, Williams MC, Hoh R, Rutishauser RL, Deeks SG, Sauceda JA, Dubé K. SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in the Context of Ongoing HIV Cure-Related Research Studies. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2021; 87:e232-e233. [PMID: 33852502 PMCID: PMC8217209 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000002690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Peluso
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA
| | - Lynda Dee
- AIDS Action Baltimore, Baltimore, MD
- amfAR Institute for HIV Cure Research Community Advisory Board
- Delaney AIDS Research Enterprise (DARE) Community Advisory Board
- Martin Delaney Collaboratory Community Advisory Board
| | - Jeff Taylor
- amfAR Institute for HIV Cure Research Community Advisory Board
- Martin Delaney Collaboratory Community Advisory Board
- HIV + Aging Research Project (HARP-PS), Palm Springs, CA
- University of California, San Diego (UCSD) AntiViral Research Center (AVRC) Community Advisory Board, San Diego, CA
| | - Danielle M. Campbell
- Delaney AIDS Research Enterprise (DARE) Community Advisory Board
- Martin Delaney Collaboratory Community Advisory Board
- Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Adam Ehm
- Delaney AIDS Research Enterprise (DARE) Community Advisory Board
- Living Positive Victoria, Victoria, Australia
| | - Moisés Agosto-Rosario
- Delaney AIDS Research Enterprise (DARE) Community Advisory Board
- National Minority AIDS Council, Washington, D.C
| | - Shirley Shao
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA
| | - Meghann C. Williams
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA
| | - Rebecca Hoh
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA
| | | | - Steven G. Deeks
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA
- amfAR Institute for HIV Cure Research, San Francisco, CA and New York City, NY
| | - John A. Sauceda
- Center for AIDS Prevention Studies (CAPS), UCSF, San Francisco, CA
| | - Karine Dubé
- Center for AIDS Prevention Studies (CAPS), UCSF, San Francisco, CA
- UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC
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Nelson NC, Ichikawa K, Chung J, Malik MM. Mapping the discursive dimensions of the reproducibility crisis: A mixed methods analysis. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254090. [PMID: 34242331 PMCID: PMC8270481 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
To those involved in discussions about rigor, reproducibility, and replication in science, conversation about the "reproducibility crisis" appear ill-structured. Seemingly very different issues concerning the purity of reagents, accessibility of computational code, or misaligned incentives in academic research writ large are all collected up under this label. Prior work has attempted to address this problem by creating analytical definitions of reproducibility. We take a novel empirical, mixed methods approach to understanding variation in reproducibility discussions, using a combination of grounded theory and correspondence analysis to examine how a variety of authors narrate the story of the reproducibility crisis. Contrary to expectations, this analysis demonstrates that there is a clear thematic core to reproducibility discussions, centered on the incentive structure of science, the transparency of methods and data, and the need to reform academic publishing. However, we also identify three clusters of discussion that are distinct from the main body of articles: one focused on reagents, another on statistical methods, and a final cluster focused on the heterogeneity of the natural world. Although there are discursive differences between scientific and popular articles, we find no strong differences in how scientists and journalists write about the reproducibility crisis. Our findings demonstrate the value of using qualitative methods to identify the bounds and features of reproducibility discourse, and identify distinct vocabularies and constituencies that reformers should engage with to promote change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole C. Nelson
- Department of Medical History and Bioethics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Kelsey Ichikawa
- Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Julie Chung
- Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Momin M. Malik
- Berkman Klein Center for Internet & Society, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
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Madhugiri VS, Venkatesan S, Dutt A, Nagella AB. An Estimation of the Retraction Gap Across Neurosurgery-A Crevice or a Chasm? World Neurosurg 2021; 152:e180-e192. [PMID: 34052455 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2021.05.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of retractions has been increasing steadily, in direct proportion to the volume of scientific literature. Retraction of published articles depends on the visibility of journals and on postpublication scrutiny of published articles by peers. The possibility thus exists that not all compromised ("retractable") articles are detected and retracted from the less-visible journals. The proportion of "retractable" articles and its converse, the proportion of published articles in each journal that are likely to be "true" (PTP), have not been estimated hitherto. METHODS Three journal sets were created: pure neurosurgery journals (NS-P), the neurosurgery component of multidisciplinary journals (NS-MD), and high-impact clinical journals (HICJs). We described a new metric (the retraction gap [RGap]), defined as the proportion of retractable articles in journals that have not been retracted. We computed the expected number of retractable articles, RGap, and PTP for each journal, and compared these metrics across groups. RESULTS Fifty-three NS-P journals, 10 NS-MD journals, and 63 HICJs were included in the analysis. The estimated number of retractable articles was 31 times the actual number of retractions in NS-P journals, 6 times higher in the NS-MD journals, and 26 times higher for the HICJs. The RGap was 96.7% for the NS-P group, 83.5% for the NS-MD group, and 96.2% for the HICJs. The PTP was 99.3% in the NS-P group, 99.2% in the NS-MD group, and 98.6% in the HICJs. CONCLUSIONS Neurosurgery as a discipline had a higher RGap but also a higher PTP than the other 2 groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkatesh S Madhugiri
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
| | - Subeikshanan Venkatesan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry, India
| | - Akshat Dutt
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry, India
| | - Amrutha Bindu Nagella
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Sapthagiri Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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Shaw D. Triaging ethical issues in the coronavirus pandemic: how to prioritize bioethics research during public health emergencies. Bioethics 2021; 35:380-384. [PMID: 33751622 PMCID: PMC8251638 DOI: 10.1111/bioe.12859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Much of the ethical discourse concerning the coronavirus pandemic has focused on the allocation of scarce resources, be it potentially beneficial new treatments, ventilators, intensive care beds, or oxygen. Somewhat ironically, the more important ethical issues may lie elsewhere, just as the more important medical issues do not concern intensive care or treatment for COVID-19 patients, but rather the diversion towards these modes of care at the expense of non-Covid patients and treatment. In this article I explore how ethicists can and should prioritize which ethical issues to deal with, and develop a method of triage for identification and prioritization of ethical issues both in the next public health emergency and in bioethics more widely.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Shaw
- Department of Health, Ethics and SocietyCare and Public Health Research InstituteMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
- Institute for Biomedical EthicsUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland
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Abstract
It is clear, based on a deep scientific literature base, that genetic and genomic factors play significant roles in determining a wide range of sport and exercise characteristics including exercise endurance capacity, strength, daily physical activity levels, and trainability of both endurance and strength. Although the research field of exercise systems genetics has rapidly expanded over the past two decades, many researchers publishing in this field are not extensively trained in molecular biology or genomics techniques, sometimes creating gaps in generating high-quality and cutting-edge research for publication. As current or former Associate Editors for Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise that have handled the majority of exercise genetics articles for Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise in the past 15 yr, we have observed a large number of scientific manuscripts submitted for publication review that have exhibited significant flaws preventing their publication; flaws that often directly stem from a lack of knowledge regarding the "state-of-the-art" methods and accepted literature base that is rapidly changing as the field evolves. The purpose of this commentary is to provide researchers-especially those coming from a nongenetics background attempting to publish in the exercise system genetics area-with recommendations regarding best-practice research standards and data analysis in the field of exercise systems genetics, to strengthen the overall literature in this important and evolving field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Timothy Lightfoot
- Department of Health and Kinesiology and the Sydney and JL Huffines Institute for Sports Medicine and Human Performance, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Stephen M Roth
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD
| | - Monica J Hubal
- Department of Kinesiology, Indiana University-Purdue University at Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN
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Mandel DR, Irwin D. On measuring agreement with numerically bounded linguistic probability schemes: A re-analysis of data from Wintle, Fraser, Wills, Nicholson, and Fidler (2019). PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248424. [PMID: 33735197 PMCID: PMC7971511 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Across a wide range of domains, experts make probabilistic judgments under conditions of uncertainty to support decision-making. These judgments are often conveyed using linguistic expressions (e.g., x is likely). Seeking to foster shared understanding of these expressions between senders and receivers, the US intelligence community implemented a communication standard that prescribes a set of probability terms and assigns each term an equivalent numerical probability range. In an earlier PLOS ONE article, [1] tested whether access to the standard improves shared understanding and also explored the efficacy of various enhanced presentation formats. Notably, they found that embedding numeric equivalents in text (e.g., x is likely [55–80%]) substantially outperformed the status-quo approach in terms of the percentage overlap between participants’ interpretations of linguistic probabilities (defined in terms of the numeric range equivalents they provided for each term) and the numeric ranges in the standard. These results have important prescriptive implications, yet Wintle et al.’s percentage overlap measure of agreement may be viewed as unfairly punitive because it penalizes individuals for being more precise than the stipulated guidelines even when the individuals’ interpretations fall perfectly within the stipulated ranges. Arguably, subjects’ within-range precision is a positive attribute and should not be penalized in scoring interpretive agreement. Accordingly, in the present article, we reanalyzed Wintle et al.’s data using an alternative measure of percentage overlap that does not penalize in-range precision. Using the alternative measure, we find that percentage overlap is substantially elevated across conditions. More importantly, however, the effects of presentation format and probability level are highly consistent with the original study. By removing the ambiguity caused by Wintle et al.’s unduly punitive measure of agreement, these findings buttress Wintle et al.’s original claim that the methods currently used by intelligence organizations are ineffective at coordinating the meaning of uncertainty expressions between intelligence producers and intelligence consumers. Future studies examining agreement between senders and receivers are also encouraged to reflect carefully on the most appropriate measures of agreement to employ in their experiments and to explicate the bases for their methodological choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R. Mandel
- Intelligence, Influence and Collaboration Section, Toronto Research Centre, Defence Research and Development Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Daniel Irwin
- Department of National Defence, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Affiliation(s)
- Michio Murakami
- Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan.
| | - Masaharu Tsubokura
- Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
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Abstract
This paper introduces a new column in the Journal for the exploration of and reflection on the roles and articulations of theory in the health professions education sciences. This introduction provides initial orientation to concepts such as theory as worldview, theory linked to empiricism and paradigm, and theory and reflexivity. The authors invite scholars to submit papers that explore the role of theory in HPE scholarship, that propose new and adapted theoretical positions, and that critique the many theories that might be brought to bear to address questions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Varpio
- Center for Health Professions Education & Department of Medicine, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bldg53 Suite123, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA.
| | - Rachel H Ellaway
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, The University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Paton M, Kuper A, Paradis E, Feilchenfeld Z, Whitehead CR. Tackling the void: the importance of addressing absences in the field of health professions education research. Adv Health Sci Educ Theory Pract 2021; 26:5-18. [PMID: 32144528 DOI: 10.1007/s10459-020-09966-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Many processes and practices in the field of health professions education have been based more on tradition and assumption than on evidence and theory. As the field matures, researchers are increasingly seeking evidence to support various teaching and assessment methods. However, there is a tendency to focus on a limited set of topics, leaving other areas under-examined and limiting our understanding of the field. By explicitly examining areas that are undescribed, i.e. absences in the literature, researchers and scholars have the potential to enrich our practice and our field's understanding of what counts as legitimate research. Using the theoretical framework of Bourdieu's concept of field, we conducted an instrumental case study of three published research projects that each had a finding of absence. We examined each case individually, and then analyzed across cases. Our dataset included published papers, peer-review feedback, and reflective notes. Each of the cases interrogated a different form of absence: absence of content, absence of research, and absence of evidence. While the typology suggests that each absence was different, there were similarities across cases in terms of challenges in 'proving' the reality of the absence and some disbelief or discomfort with accepting the findings as rigorous and/or legitimate. Absence research has potential to add to our theoretical and methodological approaches to the field. This type of research is potentially an exciting and productive new way for scholars to shed light on aspects of health professions education that have received limited attention to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morag Paton
- Continuing Professional Development, PostMD Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 500 University Avenue, 6th Floor, Toronto, ON, M5G 1V7, Canada.
- Department of Leadership, Higher and Adult Education, Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Ayelet Kuper
- The Wilson Centre for Research in Education, University Health Network/University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Elise Paradis
- The Wilson Centre for Research in Education, University Health Network/University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Sociology, Faculty of Arts and Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Anesthesia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Zac Feilchenfeld
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Cynthia R Whitehead
- The Wilson Centre for Research in Education, University Health Network/University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Moore SA, O'Kell A, Borghese H, Garabed R, O'Meara H, Baneux P. A CTSA One Health Alliance guidance on institutional review of veterinary clinical studies. BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:83. [PMID: 33596904 PMCID: PMC7890984 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-02790-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Harmonized institutional processes and reviewer training are vital to maintain integrity and ethical rigor of the veterinary clinical research pipeline and are a prerequisite to future work that might establish centralized or single-site ethical and regulatory review to ease initiation of multi-center studies. Funded by a CTSA One Health Alliance (COHA) pilot award, a diverse working group of veterinary clinicians and institutional representatives was convened in February 2020 to develop a guidance document detailing broadly agreed upon practices for ethical review and approval of veterinary clinical studies conducted in the United States.The working group defined key areas of need for consensus, developed a set of associated guidelines, and circulated these for review by COHA's fifteen member institutions. Six focus areas were identified by the working group and included vital items of protocol review, composition of the review committee, post-approval monitoring and adverse event reporting, consideration of special circumstances such as satellite sites and the use of healthy veterinary subjects in research, and the informed consent process.This document outlines a broadly agreed-upon framework through which to approach vital items associated with veterinary clinical study protocol review and approval. These approaches represent current best practice in the review and approval of veterinary clinical studies, and can serve as a guidance for veterinary clinician-scientists and regulatory experts, to ensure robust and ethically conducted studies that can contribute to the advancement of both animal and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Moore
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, 601 Vernon L Tharp St, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
| | - A O'Kell
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, USA
| | - H Borghese
- The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Blue Buffalo Veterinary Clinical Trials Office, Columbus, USA
| | - R Garabed
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, USA
| | - H O'Meara
- The Ohio State University, Office of Responsible Research Practices, Columbus, USA
| | - P Baneux
- Cornell University, Attending veterinarian, Director Center for Animal Resources and Education, Ithaca, USA
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Abraham A, Gille D, Puhan MA, ter Riet G, von Wyl V. Defining Core Competencies for Epidemiologists in Academic Settings to Tackle Tomorrow's Health Research Challenges: A Structured, Multinational Effort. Am J Epidemiol 2021; 190:343-352. [PMID: 33106866 PMCID: PMC7935742 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwaa209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Only a few efforts have been made to define core competencies for epidemiologists working in academic settings. Here we describe a multinational effort to define competencies for epidemiologists, who are increasingly facing emerging and potentially disruptive technological and societal health trends in academic research. During a 1.5-year period (2017–2019), we followed an iterative process that aimed to be inclusive and multinational to reflect the various perspectives of a diverse group of epidemiologists. Competencies were developed by a consortium in a consensus-oriented process that spanned 3 main activities: 2 in-person interactive meetings held in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, and Zurich, Switzerland, and an online survey. In total, 93 meeting participants from 16 countries and 173 respondents from 19 countries contributed to the development of 31 competencies. These 31 competencies included 14 on “developing a scientific question” and “study planning,” 12 on “study conduct and analysis,” 3 on “overarching competencies,” and 2 on “communication and translation.” The process described here provides a consensus-based framework for defining and adapting the field. It should initiate a continuous process of thinking about competencies and the implications for teaching epidemiology to ensure that epidemiologists working in academic settings are well prepared for today’s and tomorrow’s health research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Milo A Puhan
- Correspondence to Prof. Dr. Milo A. Puhan, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Hirschengraben 84, Room HRS G29, 8001 Zurich, Switzerland (e-mail: )
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Abstract
The 2021 Nucleic Acids Research database Issue contains 189 papers spanning a wide range of biological fields and investigation. It includes 89 papers reporting on new databases and 90 covering recent changes to resources previously published in the Issue. A further ten are updates on databases most recently published elsewhere. Seven new databases focus on COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2 and many others offer resources for studying the virus. Major returning nucleic acid databases include NONCODE, Rfam and RNAcentral. Protein family and domain databases include COG, Pfam, SMART and Panther. Protein structures are covered by RCSB PDB and dispersed proteins by PED and MobiDB. In metabolism and signalling, STRING, KEGG and WikiPathways are featured, along with returning KLIFS and new DKK and KinaseMD, all focused on kinases. IMG/M and IMG/VR update in the microbial and viral genome resources section, while human and model organism genomics resources include Flybase, Ensembl and UCSC Genome Browser. Cancer studies are covered by updates from canSAR and PINA, as well as newcomers CNCdatabase and Oncovar for cancer drivers. Plant comparative genomics is catered for by updates from Gramene and GreenPhylDB. The entire Database Issue is freely available online on the Nucleic Acids Research website (https://academic.oup.com/nar). The NAR online Molecular Biology Database Collection has been substantially updated, revisiting nearly 1000 entries, adding 90 new resources and eliminating 86 obsolete databases, bringing the current total to 1641 databases. It is available at https://www.oxfordjournals.org/nar/database/c/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Rigden
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
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Mazzucato M, Li HL. A Market Shaping Approach for the Biopharmaceutical Industry: Governing Innovation Towards the Public Interest. J Law Med Ethics 2021; 49:39-49. [PMID: 33966657 DOI: 10.1017/jme.2021.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Enhancing research and development and ensuring equitable pricing and access to cutting-edge treatments are both vital to a biopharmaceutical innovation system that works in the public interest. However, despite delivering numerous therapeutic advances, the existing system suffers from major problems: a lack of directionality to meet key needs, inefficient collaboration, high prices that fail to reflect the public contribution, and an overly-financialized business model.
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Yap A. Hidden Costs of Inquiry: Exploitation, World-Travelling and Marginalized Lives. Kennedy Inst Ethics J 2021; 31:153-173. [PMID: 34120952 DOI: 10.1353/ken.2021.0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
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Daly T, Mastroleo I, Gorski D, Epelbaum S. The ethics of innovation for Alzheimer's disease: the risk of overstating evidence for metabolic enhancement protocols. Theor Med Bioeth 2020; 41:223-237. [PMID: 33459944 DOI: 10.1007/s11017-020-09536-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Medical practice is ideally based on robust, relevant research. However, the lack of disease-modifying treatments for Alzheimer's disease has motivated "innovative practice" to improve patients' well-being despite insufficient evidence for the regular use of such interventions in health systems treating millions of patients. Innovative or new non-validated practice poses at least three distinct ethical questions: first, about the responsible application of new non-validated practice to individual patients (clinical ethics); second, about the way in which data from new non-validated practice are communicated via the scientific and lay press (scientific communication ethics); and third, about the prospect of making new non-validated interventions widely available before more definitive testing (public health ethics). We argue that the authors of metabolic enhancement protocols for Alzheimer's disease have overstated the evidence in favor of these interventions within the scientific and lay press, failing to communicate weaknesses in their data and uncertainty about their conclusions. Such unmeasured language may create false hope, cause financial harm, undermine informed consent, and frustrate the production of generalizable knowledge necessary to face the societal problems posed by this devastating disease. We therefore offer more stringent guidelines for responsible innovation in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ignacio Mastroleo
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - David Gorski
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Stéphane Epelbaum
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (Brain and Spine Institute), Paris, France
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Regehr G. Islands and archipelagos: Reconciling programmatic vs. opportunistic research in health professions education. Perspect Med Educ 2020; 9:367-369. [PMID: 33211317 PMCID: PMC7718334 DOI: 10.1007/s40037-020-00628-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Glenn Regehr
- Centre for Health Education Scholarship, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
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Bramstedt KA. The carnage of substandard research during the COVID-19 pandemic: a call for quality. J Med Ethics 2020; 46:803-807. [PMID: 33004545 DOI: 10.1136/medethics-2020-106494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide there are currently over 1200 research studies being performed on the topic of COVID-19. Many of these involve children and adults over age 65 years. There are also numerous studies testing investigational vaccines on healthy volunteers. No research team is exempt from the pressures and speed at which COVID-19 research is occurring. And this can increase the risk of honest error as well as misconduct. To date, 33 papers have been identified as unsuitable for public use and either retracted, withdrawn, or noted with concern. Asia is the source of most of these manuscripts (n=19; 57.6%) with China the largest Asian subgroup (n=11; 57.9%). This paper explores these findings and offers guidance for responsible research practice during pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina A Bramstedt
- Luxembourg Agency for Research Integrity, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Bond University Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
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Abstract
Lack of an appropriate animal model to study severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the etiological agent responsible for COVID-19 pandemic disease, represents a significant hurdle in the process of understanding disease biology and evaluating therapeutic and preventive candidates. It is time for public health agencies to revisit regulation on transplantation of human pluripotent stem cells for the possibility of the development of a humanized mice model with a humanized lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujit Pujhari
- Department of Entomology, The Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, and the Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences
| | - Jason L Rasgon
- Department of Entomology, The Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, and the Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences
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Deutsch S, Reuter S, Rose A, Tolba R. Publication rates of research projects of an internal funding program of a university medical center in Germany: A retrospective study (2004-2013). PLoS One 2020; 15:e0243092. [PMID: 33253269 PMCID: PMC7703943 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Non-publication and publication bias are topics of considerable importance to the scientific community. These issues may limit progress toward the 3R principle for animal research, promote waste of public resources, and generate biased interpretations of clinical outcomes. To investigate current publishing practices and to gain some understanding of the extent to which research results are reported, we examined publication rates of research projects that were approved within an internal funding program of the Faculty of Medicine at a university medical center in Germany, which is exemplary for comparable research funding programs for the promotion of young researchers in Germany and Europe. Methods We analyzed the complete set (n = 363) of research projects that were supported by an internal funding program between 2004 and 2013. We divided the projects into four different proposal types that included those that required an ethics vote, those that included an animal proposal, those that included both requirements, and those that included neither requirement. Results We found that 65% of the internally funded research projects resulted in at least one peer-reviewed publication; this increased to 73% if other research contributions were considered, including abstracts, book and congress contributions, scientific posters, and presentations. There were no significant differences with respect to publication rates based on (a) the clinic/institute of the applicant, (b) project duration, (c) scope of funding or (d) proposal type. Conclusion To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to explore publication rates associated with early-career medical research funding. As >70% of the projects ultimately generated some form of publication, the program was overall effective toward this goal; however, non-publication of research results is still prevalent. Further research will explore the reasons underlying non-publication. We hope to use these findings to develop strategies that encourage publication of research results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Deutsch
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Laboratory Animal Science & Experimental Surgery, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Silke Reuter
- Faculty of Medicine, Dean's Office, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Astrid Rose
- Faculty of Medicine, Dean's Office, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - René Tolba
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Laboratory Animal Science & Experimental Surgery, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Core facilities are an effective way of making expensive experimental equipment available to a large number of researchers, and are thus well placed to contribute to efforts to promote good research practices. Here we report the results of a survey that asked core facilities in Europe about their approaches to the promotion of good research practices, and about their interactions with users from the first contact to the publication of the results. Based on 253 responses we identified four ways that good research practices could be encouraged: (i) motivating users to follow the advice and procedures for best research practice; (ii) providing clear guidance on data-management practices; (iii) improving communication along the whole research process; and (iv) clearly defining the responsibilities of each party.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Claudia Pitzer
- Interdisciplinary Neurobehavioral Core, Heidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
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Otufowora A, Liu Y, Varma DS, Striley CW, Cottler LB. Correlates related to follow-up in a community engagement program in North Central Florida. J Community Psychol 2020; 48:2723-2739. [PMID: 32949042 PMCID: PMC7719614 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.22450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
AIMS This analysis identifies the correlates of 60- and 120-day telephone-based study follow-ups among community-dwelling adults in North Central Florida. METHODS Six thousand three hundred and forty participants were recruited by Community Health Workers from the University of Florida's community engagement program with a face-to-face baseline and two phone follow-ups assessing indicators of health. RESULTS Physical disability versus none (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2─1.9), high trust in research versus none (aOR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.1─2.1), history of research participation versus none (aOR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.3─2.0), having health insurance versus none (aOR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.1─1.7), interest in research participation versus none (aOR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.3─2.7), and no drug use versus drug use (aOR, 0.5; 95% CI, 0.3─0.9) significantly predicted completion of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Health and social factors such as disability, insurance, history of and interest in research, trust and no drug use significantly predicted completing two follow-ups. These findings can facilitate efforts to minimize attrition in the research enterprise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayodeji Otufowora
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Yiyang Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Deepthi S Varma
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Catherine W Striley
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Linda B Cottler
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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Park YS, Zaidi Z, O'Brien BC. RIME Foreword: What Constitutes Science in Educational Research? Applying Rigor in Our Research Approaches. Acad Med 2020; 95:Si-Sv. [PMID: 32769461 DOI: 10.1097/acm.0000000000003636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Soo Park
- Y.S. Park is chair, Research in Medical Education (RIME) Program Planning Committee, and director of health professions education research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8583-4335
| | - Zareen Zaidi
- Z. Zaidi is incoming chair, Research in Medical Education (RIME) Program Planning Committee, and associate chief for faculty development, Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4328-5766
| | - Bridget C O'Brien
- B.C. O'Brien is immediate past chair, Research in Medical Education (RIME) Program Planning Committee, professor of medicine, Department of Medicine, and education scientist, Center for Faculty Educators, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9591-5243
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Stafford J, Kypri K, Pettigrew S. Industry Actor Use of Research Evidence: Critical Analysis of Australian Alcohol Policy Submissions. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2020; 81:710-718. [PMID: 33308398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Governments' limited adoption of evidence-based policies to reduce alcohol-related harm has been partly attributed to alcohol industry influence. A better understanding of industry political strategy may help protect public policy against vested interests. We examined how industry actors used scientific evidence in their submissions to government alcohol policy consultations. METHOD We conducted a content analysis of 214 submissions from industry actors in 21 Australian public consultations between 2013 and 2017. Represented industry actors included alcohol producers and retailers, trade associations, licensees, and associated entities that derive commercial benefit from alcohol (e.g., advertising companies). Adapting an existing framework, we classified industry practices into two categories: (a) misuse of evidence and (b) denial of the effectiveness of evidence-based strategies. RESULTS Almost all submissions (91%) denied the effectiveness of evidence-based strategies; the most common denial practices were making unsubstantiated claims about adverse effects of policies (76%) and promoting alternatives without evidence (71%). The misuse of scientific evidence was apparent in 66% of submissions. Trade associations, producers, and retailers were most likely to use such practices. CONCLUSIONS The extent to which the examined industry actors misused scientific evidence in their submissions to a wide range of alcohol policy consultations in Australia suggests the need for governments to consider excluding the industry from consultation on the regulation of alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Stafford
- National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Kypros Kypri
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Simone Pettigrew
- The George Institute for Global Health, Newtown, New South Wales, Australia
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Goldenberg NA, Sochet A, Albisetti M, Biss T, Bonduel M, Jaffray J, MacLaren G, Monagle P, O'Brien S, Raffini L, Revel-Vilk S, Sirachainan N, Williams S, Zia A, Male C. Consensus-based clinical recommendations and research priorities for anticoagulant thromboprophylaxis in children hospitalized for COVID-19-related illness. J Thromb Haemost 2020; 18:3099-3105. [PMID: 33174388 PMCID: PMC9906345 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Observational studies indicate that children hospitalized with COVID-19-related illness, like adults, are at increased risk for venous thromboembolism (VTE). A multicenter phase 2 clinical trial of anticoagulant thromboprophylaxis in children hospitalized with COVID-19-related illness has recently been initiated in the United States. To date, there remains a paucity of high-quality evidence to inform clinical practice world-wide. Therefore, the objective of this scientific statement is to provide consensus-based recommendations on the use of anticoagulant thromboprophylaxis in children hospitalized for COVID-19-related illnesses, and to identify priorities for future research. METHODS We surveyed 20 pediatric hematologists and pediatric critical care physicians from several continents who were identified by Pediatric/Neonatal Hemostasis and Thrombosis Subcommittee leadership as having experience and expertise in the use of anticoagulant thromboprophylaxis and/or the management of COVID-19-related illness in children. A comprehensive review of the literature on COVID-19 in children was also performed. RESULTS Response rate was 90%. Based on consensus of expert opinions, we suggest the administration of low-dose low molecular weight heparin subcutaneously twice-daily as anticoagulant thromboprophylaxis (in the absence of contraindications, and in combination with mechanical thromboprophylaxis with sequential compression devices, where feasible) in children hospitalized for COVID-19-related illness (including the multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children [MIS-C]) who have markedly elevated D-dimer levels or superimposed clinical risk factors for hospitalassociated VTE. For children who are clinically unstable or have severe renal impairment, we suggest the use of unfractionated heparin by continuous intravenous infusion as anticoagulant thromboprophylaxis. In addition, continued efforts to characterize VTE risk and risk factors in children with COVID-19, as well as to evaluate the safety and efficacy of anticoagulant thromboprophylaxis strategies in children hospitalized with COVID-19-related illness (including MIS-C) via cooperative multicenter trials, were identified among several key priorities for future research. CONCLUSION These consensus-based recommendations on the use of anticoagulant thromboprophylaxis in children hospitalized for COVID-19-related illnesses and priorities for future research will be updated as high-quality evidence emerges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil A Goldenberg
- Divisions of Hematology, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital and Johns Hopkins All Children's Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, St. Petersburg, FL, USA
| | - Anthony Sochet
- Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital and Johns Hopkins All Children's Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, St. Petersburg, FL, USA
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Manuela Albisetti
- Division of Hematology, University Children's Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tina Biss
- Department of Haematology, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Mariana Bonduel
- Servicio de Hematología-Oncología, Hospital de Pediatría "Prof. Dr. Juan P. Garrahan", Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Julie Jaffray
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Graeme MacLaren
- Division of Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne and Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
- Division of Critical Care, National University Hospital, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Paul Monagle
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
- Department of Haematology, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
- Haematology Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Sarah O'Brien
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University and Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Leslie Raffini
- Division of Hematology, Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shoshana Revel-Vilk
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Hebrew University Medical School and Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Nongnuch Sirachainan
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Suzan Williams
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto Faculty of Medicine and Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ayesha Zia
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern School of Medicine, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Christoph Male
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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