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Mertens J, Alami A, Arijs K. Comparative in vivo toxicokinetics of silver powder, nanosilver and soluble silver compounds after oral administration to rats. Arch Toxicol 2023; 97:1859-1872. [PMID: 37195448 PMCID: PMC10256634 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-023-03511-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Silver (Ag; massive, powder and nanoform) and Ag compounds are used in industrial, medical and consumer applications, with potential for human exposure. Uncertainties exist about their comparative mammalian toxicokinetic ('TK') profiles, including their relative oral route bioavailability, especially for Ag massive and powder forms. This knowledge gap impedes concluding on the grouping of Ag and Ag compounds for hazard assessment purposes. Therefore, an in vivo TK study was performed in a rat model. Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed via oral gavage for up to 28 days to silver acetate (AgAc; 5, 55, 175 mg/kg(bw)/d), silver nitrate (AgNO3; 5, 55, 125 mg/kg(bw)/d), nanosilver (AgNP; 15 nm diameter; 3.6, 36, 360 mg/kg(bw)/d) or silver powder (AgMP; 0.35 µm diameter; 36, 180, 1000 mg/kg(bw)/d). Total Ag concentrations were determined in blood and tissues to provide data on comparative systemic exposure to Ag and differentials in achieved tissue Ag levels. AgAc and AgNO3 were the most bioavailable forms with comparable and linear TK profiles (achieved systemic exposures and tissue concentrations). AgMP administration led to systemic exposures of about an order of magnitude less, with tissue Ag concentrations 2-3 orders of magnitude lower and demonstrating non-linear kinetics. The apparent oral bioavailability of AgNP was intermediate between AgAc/AgNO3 and AgMP. For all test items, highest tissue Ag concentrations were in the gastrointestinal tract and reticuloendothelial organs, whereas brain and testis were minor sites of distribution. It was concluded that the oral bioavailability of AgMP was very limited. These findings provide hazard assessment context for various Ag test items and support the prediction that Ag in massive and powder forms exhibit low toxicity potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelle Mertens
- European Precious Metals Federation, Avenue de Tervueren 168 Box 6, 1150, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Anissa Alami
- European Precious Metals Federation, Avenue de Tervueren 168 Box 6, 1150, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Katrien Arijs
- European Precious Metals Federation, Avenue de Tervueren 168 Box 6, 1150, Brussels, Belgium
- ARCHE Consulting, Liefkensstraat 35D, 9032 Wondelgem, Ghent, Belgium
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Chandrasekharan S, Chinnasamy G, Bhatnagar S. Sustainable phyto-fabrication of silver nanoparticles using Gmelina arborea exhibit antimicrobial and biofilm inhibition activity. Sci Rep 2022; 12:156. [PMID: 34997051 PMCID: PMC8742086 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04025-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Increase in bacterial resistance to commonly used antibiotics is a major public health concern generating interest in novel antibacterial treatments. Aim of this scientific endeavor was to find an alternative efficient antibacterial agent from non-conventional plant source for human health applications. We used an eco-friendly approach for phyto-fabrication of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by utilizing logging residue from timber trees Gmelina arborea (GA). GC-MS analysis of leaves, barks, flowers, fruits, and roots was conducted to determine the bioactive compounds. Biosynthesis, morphological and structural characterization of GA-AgNPs were undertaken by UV-Vis spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffractometer (XRD). GA-AgNPs were evaluated for antibacterial, antibiofilm, antioxidant, wound healing properties and their toxicity studies were carried out. Results identified the presence of terpenoids, sterols, aliphatic alcohols, aldehydes, and flavonoids in leaves, making leaf extract the ideal choice for phyto-fabrication of silver nanoparticles. The synthesis of GA-AgNPs was confirmed by dark brown colored colloidal solution and spectral absorption peak at 420 nm. Spherical, uniformly dispersed, crystalline GA-AgNPs were 34-40 nm in diameter and stable in solutions at room temperature. Functional groups attributed to the presence of flavonoids, terpenoids, and phenols that acted as reducing and capping agents. Antibacterial potency was confirmed against pathogenic bacteria Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus by disc diffusion assay, MIC and MBC assay, biofilm inhibition assay, electron-microscopy, cell staining and colony counting techniques. The results from zone of inhibition, number of ruptured cells and dead-cell-count analysis confirmed that GA-AgNPs were more effective than GA-extract and their bacteria inhibition activity level increased further when loaded on hydrogel as GA-AgNPs-PF127, making it a novel distinguishing feature. Antioxidant activity was confirmed by the free radical scavenging assays (DPPH and ABTS). Wound healing potential was confirmed by cell scratch assay in human dermal fibroblast cell lines. Cell-proliferation study in human chang liver cell lines and optical microscopic observations confirmed non-toxicity of GA-AgNPs at low doses. Our study concluded that biosynthesized GA-AgNPs had enhanced antibacterial, antibiofilm, antioxidant, and wound healing properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smitha Chandrasekharan
- Plant Transformation and Tissue Culture, Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117604, Singapore
| | - Gandhimathi Chinnasamy
- Plant Transformation and Tissue Culture, Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117604, Singapore
| | - Somika Bhatnagar
- Plant Transformation and Tissue Culture, Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117604, Singapore.
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Alqahtani S, Xia L, Jannasch A, Ferreira C, Franco J, Shannahan JH. Disruption of pulmonary resolution mediators contribute to exacerbated silver nanoparticle-induced acute inflammation in a metabolic syndrome mouse model. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 431:115730. [PMID: 34601004 PMCID: PMC8545917 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Pre-existing conditions modulate sensitivity to numerous xenobiotic exposures such as air pollution. Specifically, individuals suffering from metabolic syndrome (MetS) demonstrate enhanced acute inflammatory responses following particulate matter inhalation. The mechanisms associated with these exacerbated inflammatory responses are unknown, impairing interventional strategies and our understanding of susceptible populations. We hypothesize MetS-associated lipid dysregulation influences mediators of inflammatory resolution signaling contributing to increased acute pulmonary toxicity. To evaluate this hypothesis, healthy and MetS mouse models were treated with either 18-hydroxy eicosapentaenoic acid (18-HEPE), 14-hydroxy docosahexaenoic acid (14-HDHA), 17-hydroxy docosahexaenoic acid (17-HDHA), or saline (control) via intraperitoneal injection prior to oropharyngeal aspiration of silver nanoparticles (AgNP). In mice receiving saline treatment, AgNP exposure resulted in an acute pulmonary inflammatory response that was exacerbated in MetS mice. A targeted lipid assessment demonstrated 18-HEPE, 14-HDHA, and 17-HDHA treatments altered lung levels of specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPMs). 14-HDHA and 17-HDHA treatments more efficiently reduced the exacerbated acute inflammatory response in AgNP exposed MetS mice as compared to 18-HEPE. This included decreased neutrophilic influx, diminished induction of inflammatory cytokines/chemokines, and reduced alterations in SPMs. Examination of SPM receptors determined baseline reductions in MetS mice compared to healthy as well as decreases due to AgNP exposure. Overall, these results demonstrate AgNP exposure disrupts inflammatory resolution, specifically 14-HDHA and 17-HDHA derived SPMs, in MetS contributing to exacerbated acute inflammatory responses. Our findings identify a potential mechanism responsible for enhanced susceptibility in MetS that can be targeted for interventional therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Alqahtani
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Human Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States; National Center for Pharmaceuticals, Life Science and Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Li Xia
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Human Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Amber Jannasch
- Purdue Metabolite Profiling Facility, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Christina Ferreira
- Purdue Metabolite Profiling Facility, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Jackeline Franco
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Jonathan H Shannahan
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Human Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States.
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Peixoto S, Khodaparast Z, Cornelis G, Lahive E, Green Etxabe A, Baccaro M, Papadiamantis AG, Gonçalves SF, Lynch I, Busquets-Fite M, Puntes V, Loureiro S, Henriques I. Impact of Ag 2S NPs on soil bacterial community - A terrestrial mesocosm approach. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2020; 206:111405. [PMID: 33010592 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Soils might be a final sink for Ag2S nanoparticles (NPs). Still, there are limited data on their effects on soil bacterial communities (SBC). To bridge this gap, we investigated the effects of Ag2S NPs (10 mg kg-1 soil) on the structure and function of SBC in a terrestrial indoor mesocosm, using a multi-species design. During 28 days of exposure, the SBC function-related parameters were analysed in terms of enzymatic activity, community level physiological profile, culture of functional bacterial groups [phosphorous-solubilizing bacteria (P-SB) and heterotrophic bacteria (HB)], and SBC structure was analysed by 16S rRNA gene-targeted denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. The SBC exposed to Ag2S NPs showed a significative decrease of functional parameters, such as β-glucosidase activity and L-arginine consumption, and increase of the acid phosphatase activity. At the structural level, significantly lower richness and diversity were detected, but at later exposure times compared to the AgNO3 treatment, likely because of a low dissolution rate of Ag2S NPs. In fact, stronger effects were observed in soils spiked with AgNO3, in both functional and structural parameters. Changes in SBC structure seem to negatively correlate with parameters related to phosphorous (acid phosphatase activity) and carbon cycling (abundance of HB, P-SB, and β-glucosidase activity). Our results indicate a significant effect of Ag2S NPs on SBC, specifically on parameters related to carbon and phosphorous cycling, at doses as low as 10 mg kg-1 soil. These effects were only observed after 28 days, highlighting the importance of long-term exposure experiments for slowly dissolving NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Peixoto
- CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Z Khodaparast
- CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - G Cornelis
- Department of Soil and Environment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 75651 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - E Lahive
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford OX10 8BB, UK
| | - A Green Etxabe
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford OX10 8BB, UK
| | - M Baccaro
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - A G Papadiamantis
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, Birmingham, UK; NovaMechanics Ltd., 1065 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - S F Gonçalves
- CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - I Lynch
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford OX10 8BB, UK
| | - M Busquets-Fite
- Applied Nanoparticles SL, C Àlaba 88, 08018 Barcelona, Spain
| | - V Puntes
- Institut Català de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (ICN2), CSIC, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain; Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Loureiro
- CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - I Henriques
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Portugal
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Burki ZG, Burki S, Haider S, Ahmed I, Mehjabeen , Zafar S. Comparative study of antibacterial activity between Schiff base nicotinic hydrazide derivative and its silver architected nanoparticles with atomic force microscopic study of bacterial cell wall. Pak J Pharm Sci 2020; 33:1987-1994. [PMID: 33824105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The threat of multi-drug resistant bacterial pathogens evokes researchers to synthesized safe and effective chemotherapeutic agents for nano-drug delivery system. In current study, Schiff base of nicotinic hydrazide(NHD) and its silver nanoparticles(NHD-AgNPs) were synthesized and characterized. These compounds were investigated for cytotoxicity, antibacterial and AFM activity. The NHD showed LD50 at >1000μg/mL while NHD-AgNPs didn't exhibit toxicity at 1000μg/mL against 3T3 cell line. The NHD showed zone of inhibition against two strains of salmonella enteric (ATCC 14028 and 700408) 45.29±1.66 and 48.01±1.43mm respectively at 160μg/mL (p<0.01) while NHD-AgNPs exhibited 55.87±2.08 and 52.88±1.42 mm respectively at 130μg/mL (p<0.001) in disc diffusion method. NHD showed more than 70% growth inhibition for both strains at 85 and 125μg/ml (p<0.01) respectively, while NHD-AgNPs inhibit 80% and 75% respectively at 75 and 125 μg/ml (p<0.01, p<0.001) against Alamar blue antibacterial assay. For morphological changes in bacterial cell wall NHD and NHD-AgNPs treated bacterial cells were observed under atomic force microscope(AFM) and treated bacterial cells were severely damaged with leaked cytoplasmic contents as compare to untreated bacterial cell. These results validate that NHD-AgNPs were highly active as compared to NHD against both strains at their MIC concentrations. In future, comparative wound healing potential will be emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeba Gul Burki
- HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi
| | - Samiullah Burki
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Shazia Haider
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Ijaz Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - - Mehjabeen
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Saba Zafar
- HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi
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Abdelkhaliq A, van der Zande M, Peters RJB, Bouwmeester H. Combination of the BeWo b30 placental transport model and the embryonic stem cell test to assess the potential developmental toxicity of silver nanoparticles. Part Fibre Toxicol 2020; 17:11. [PMID: 32156294 PMCID: PMC7063716 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-020-00342-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are used extensively in various consumer products because of their antimicrobial potential. This requires insight in their potential hazards and risks including adverse effects during pregnancy on the developing fetus. Using a combination of the BeWo b30 placental transport model and the mouse embryonic stem cell test (EST), we investigated the capability of pristine AgNPs with different surface chemistries and aged AgNPs (silver sulfide (Ag2S) NPs) to cross the placental barrier and induce developmental toxicity. The uptake/association and transport of AgNPs through the BeWo b30 was characterized using ICP-MS and single particle (sp)ICP-MS at different time points. The developmental toxicity of the AgNPs was investigated by characterizing their potential to inhibit the differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) into beating cardiomyocytes. RESULTS The AgNPs are able to cross the BeWo b30 cell layer to a level that was limited and dependent on their surface chemistry. In the EST, no in vitro developmental toxicity was observed as the effects on differentiation of the mESCs were only detected at cytotoxic concentrations. The aged AgNPs were significantly less cytotoxic, less bioavailable and did not induce developmental toxicity. CONCLUSIONS Pristine AgNPs are capable to cross the placental barrier to an extent that is influenced by their surface chemistry and that this transport is likely low but not negligible. Next to that, the tested AgNPs have low intrinsic potencies for developmental toxicity. The combination of the BeWo b30 model with the EST is of added value in developmental toxicity screening and prioritization of AgNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf Abdelkhaliq
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University, P.O. box 8000, 6700, EA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Wageningen Food Safety Research (WFSR), P.O. Box 230, 6700, AE, Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Food Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture - Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Meike van der Zande
- Wageningen Food Safety Research (WFSR), P.O. Box 230, 6700, AE, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ruud J B Peters
- Wageningen Food Safety Research (WFSR), P.O. Box 230, 6700, AE, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Hans Bouwmeester
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University, P.O. box 8000, 6700, EA, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
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Courtois P, Rorat A, Lemiere S, Guyoneaud R, Attard E, Levard C, Vandenbulcke F. Ecotoxicology of silver nanoparticles and their derivatives introduced in soil with or without sewage sludge: A review of effects on microorganisms, plants and animals. Environ Pollut 2019; 253:578-598. [PMID: 31330350 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.07.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are widely incorporated in many products, partly due to their antimicrobial properties. The subsequent discharge of this form of silver into wastewater leads to an accumulation of silver species (AgNPs and derivatives resulting from their chemical transformation), in sewage sludge. As a result of the land application of sewage sludge for agricultural or remediation purposes, soils are the primary receiver media of silver contamination. Research on the long-term impact of AgNPs on the environment is ongoing, and this paper is the first review that summarizes the existing state of scientific knowledge on the potential impact of silver species introduced into the soil via sewage sludge, from microorganisms to earthworms and plants. Silver species can easily enter cells through biological membranes and affect the physiology of organisms, resulting in toxic effects. In soils, exposure to AgNPs may change microbial biomass and diversity, decrease plant growth and inhibit soil invertebrate reproduction. Physiological, biochemical and molecular effects have been documented in various soil organisms and microorganisms. Negative effects on organisms of the dominant form of silver in sewage sludge, silver sulfide (Ag2S), have been observed, although these effects are attenuated compared to the effects of metallic AgNPs. However, silver toxicity is complex to evaluate and much remains unknown about the ecotoxicology of silver species in soils, especially with respect to the possibility of transfer along the trophic chain via accumulation in plant and animal tissues. Critical points related to the hazards associated with the presence of silver species in the environment are described, and important issues concerning the ecotoxicity of sewage sludge applied to soil are discussed to highlight gaps in existing scientific knowledge and essential research directions for improving risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Courtois
- Univ. Lille - LGCgE - Laboratoire de Génie Civil et géo-Environnement, Cité scientifique, SN3, F-59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Agnieszka Rorat
- Univ. Lille - LGCgE - Laboratoire de Génie Civil et géo-Environnement, Cité scientifique, SN3, F-59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Sébastien Lemiere
- Univ. Lille - LGCgE - Laboratoire de Génie Civil et géo-Environnement, Cité scientifique, SN3, F-59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Rémy Guyoneaud
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour/E2S/CNRS, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-chimie pour L'Environnement et les Matériaux (IPREM), UMR 5254, 64000, Pau, France
| | - Eléonore Attard
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour/E2S/CNRS, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-chimie pour L'Environnement et les Matériaux (IPREM), UMR 5254, 64000, Pau, France
| | - Clément Levard
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IRD, INRA, Coll France, CEREGE, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Franck Vandenbulcke
- Univ. Lille - LGCgE - Laboratoire de Génie Civil et géo-Environnement, Cité scientifique, SN3, F-59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
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Fancher ME, Fournier S, Townsend J, Lallier TE. Cytotoxic effects of silver diamine fluoride. Am J Dent 2019; 32:152-156. [PMID: 31295398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effect of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) and fluoride varnish (FV) on human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) and bacteria. METHODS HGF cell viability was assessed after exposure to various dilutions of SDF or FV. Hydroxyapatite (HA) discs treated with SDF, FV, or saline were rinsed in artificial saliva for 84 days. HGF were exposed to treated discs and viability assessed fluorescently. Oral bacteria were exposed to treated discs and survival quantified. RESULTS At 0.01%, SDF was almost 100% cytotoxic to HGF. SDF and FV treated HA discs, induced near-complete cell death after 24 hours of contact. After rinsing FV discs for 21 days, cell survival exceeded 95%. SDF treated discs were toxic to HGF and bacteria after 9 weeks of rinsing. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE SDF and FV can induce cell death. FV lost its cytotoxicity within 3 weeks, while SDF remained cytotoxic even after 9 weeks of rinsing. This research confirms that SDF has long lasting antimicrobial effects at very low concentrations although it does raise concerns regarding cytotoxicity. However, HGF cells are exposed to other cytotoxic substances in dentistry with little, if any, long-term effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary E Fancher
- Private practice in Pediatric Dentistry, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Suzanne Fournier
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Louisiana State Health Sciences Center University School of Dentistry New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Janice Townsend
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Department of Dentistry, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA,
| | - Thomas E Lallier
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Center of Excellence in Oral & Craniofacial Biology, Louisiana State Health Sciences Center University School of Dentistry New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
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Vannuci-Silva M, Cadore S, Henry TB, Umbuzeiro G. Higher silver bioavailability after nanoparticle dietary exposure in marine amphipods. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019; 38:806-810. [PMID: 30638280 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
On release into surface waters, engineered silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) tend to settle to sediments and, consequently, epibenthic fauna will be exposed to them through diet. We established Ag uptake and accumulation profiles over time in the hemolymph of a marine amphipod fed with a formulated feed containing AgNPs or AgCl. Silver bioavailability was higher in organisms exposed to AgNPs, indicating that the nanoparticles pose a higher risk of toxicity compared to similar concentrations of AgCl. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:806-810. © 2019 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monizze Vannuci-Silva
- Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- School of Technology, University of Campinas, Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Solange Cadore
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Theodore B Henry
- Institute of Life and Earth Sciences, School of Energy, Geoscience, Infrastructure, and Society, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
- Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Department of Forestry, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Gisela Umbuzeiro
- Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- School of Technology, University of Campinas, Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
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Ghojavand S, Bagheri F, Mesrian Tanha H. Integrative meta-analysis of publically available microarray datasets of several epithelial cell lines identifies biological processes affected by silver nanoparticles exposure. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 216:67-74. [PMID: 30414479 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) under silver nanoparticle (AgNPs) treatment. We used a meta-analysis approach to integrate four publicly available microarray datasets, containing control and epithelium samples treated by either AgNPs- or Ag ions. The Fisher's method combined p-values of studies. Post hoc analyses including protein-protein interaction (PPI) and the overrepresentation test were conducted. Analytical results identified 1652 DEGs associated with AgNPs exposure. The most significant up-regulated genes, including MT1H, MT1X, and MT2A were metallothionein family members. The most significant down-regulated gene, TM4SF5, is a novel biomarker for AgNPs exposure. The PPI network analysis revealed that a member of the heat shock protein family, HSP90AA1, is the top up-regulated "hub" gene. Up-regulation of heat shock proteins and metallothionein genes is part of a cellular response to oxidative stress induced by AgNPs treatment. Interestingly, AgNPs may interact negatively with blood coagulation and amino acid metabolism systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solmaz Ghojavand
- Department of Microbiology, Falavarjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Bagheri
- Biochemistry Division, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Payame Noor University of Taft, Yazd, Iran
| | - Hamzeh Mesrian Tanha
- Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.
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Zhang L, Wu L, Si Y, Shu K. Size-dependent cytotoxicity of silver nanoparticles to Azotobacter vinelandii: Growth inhibition, cell injury, oxidative stress and internalization. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0209020. [PMID: 30566461 PMCID: PMC6300289 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The influence of nanomaterials on the ecological environment is becoming an increasingly hot research field, and many researchers are exploring the mechanisms of nanomaterial toxicity on microorganisms. Herein, we studied the effect of two different sizes of nanosilver (10 nm and 50 nm) on the soil nitrogen fixation by the model bacteria Azotobacter vinelandii. Smaller size AgNPs correlated with higher toxicity, which was evident from reduced cell numbers. Flow cytometry analysis further confirmed this finding, which was carried out with the same concentration of 10 mg/L for 12 h, the apoptotic rates were20.23% and 3.14% for 10 nm and 50 nm AgNPs, respectively. Structural damage to cells were obvious under scanning electron microscopy. Nitrogenase activity and gene expression assays revealed that AgNPs could inhibit the nitrogen fixation of A. vinelandii. The presence of AgNPs caused intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and electron spin resonance further demonstrated that AgNPs generated hydroxyl radicals, and that AgNPs could cause oxidative damage to bacteria. A combination of Ag content distribution assays and transmission electron microscopy indicated that AgNPs were internalized in A. vinelandii cells. Overall, this study suggested that the toxicity of AgNPs was size and concentration dependent, and the mechanism of antibacterial effects was determined to involve damage to cell membranes and production of reactive oxygen species leading to enzyme inactivation, gene down-regulation and death by apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Lingli Wu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Youbin Si
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Kunhui Shu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
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12
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Shi E, Xu Z, Zhang X, Yang X, Liu Q, Zhang H, Wimmer A, Li L. Re-evaluation of stability and toxicity of silver sulfide nanoparticle in environmental water: Oxidative dissolution by manganese oxide. Environ Pollut 2018; 243:1242-1251. [PMID: 30267921 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.09.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Stability of silver sulfide nanoparticle (Ag2S-NP) in the environment has recently drawn considerable attention since it is associated with environmental risk. Although the overestimated stability of Ag2S-NP in aqueous solution has already been recognized, studies on transformation of Ag2S-NP in environmental water are still very scarce. Here we reported that Ag2S-NP could undergo dissolution by manganese(IV) oxide (MnO2), an important naturally occurring oxidant in the environment, even in environmental water, although the dissolved silver would probably be adsorbed onto the particles (>0.45 μm) in environmental water, mitigating the measurable levels of dissolved silver. The extent and rate of Ag2S-NP dissolution rose with the increasing concentration of MnO2. In addition, environmental factors including natural organic matter, inorganic salts and organic acids could accelerate the Ag2S-NP dissolution by MnO2, wherein an increase in dissolution extent was also observed. We further documented that Ag2S-NP dissolution by MnO2 was highly dependent on O2 and it was an oxidative dissolution, with the production of SO42-. Finally, dissolution of Ag2S-NP by MnO2 affected zebra fish (Danio rerio) embryo viability, showing significant reduction in embryo survival and hatching rates, compared to embryos exposed to Ag2S-NP, MnO2 or dissolved manganese alone. These findings would further shed light on the stability of Ag2S-NP in the natural environment - essential for comprehensive nano risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- En Shi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Zhenlan Xu
- Institute of Quality and Standard of Agro-Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Xiaoxia Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Xuezhi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Qian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Hangjun Zhang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
| | - Andreas Wimmer
- Division of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Garching, 85748, Germany
| | - Lingxiangyu Li
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
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13
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Schlich K, Hoppe M, Kraas M, Schubert J, Chanana M, Hund-Rinke K. Long-term effects of three different silver sulfide nanomaterials, silver nitrate and bulk silver sulfide on soil microorganisms and plants. Environ Pollut 2018; 242:1850-1859. [PMID: 30061083 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.07.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanomaterials (AgNMs) are released into sewers and consequently find their way to sewage treatment plants (STPs). The AgNMs are transformed en route, mainly into silver sulfide (Ag2S), which is only sparingly soluble in water and therefore potentially less harmful than the original AgNMs. Here we investigated the toxicity and fate of different sulfidized AgNMs using an exposure scenario involving the application of five different test materials (NM-300K, AgNO3, Ag2S NM-300K, Ag2S NM and bulk Ag2S) into a simulated STP for 10 days. The sewage sludge from each treatment was either dewatered or anaerobically digested for 35 days and then mixed into soil. We then assessed the effect on soil microorganisms over the next 180 days. After 60 days, a subsample of each test soil was used to assess chronic toxicity in oat plants (Avena sativa L) and a potential uptake into the plants. The effect of each AgNM on the most sensitive test organism was also tested without the application of sewage sludge. Although Ag sulfidized species are considered poorly soluble and barely bioavailable, we observed toxic effects on soil microorganisms. Furthermore, whether or not the AgNM was sulfidized before or during the passage through the STP, comparable effects were observed on ammonium oxidizing bacteria after sewage sludge application and incubation for 180 days. We observed the uptake of Ag into oat roots following the application of all test substances, confirming their bioavailability. The oat shoots generally containing less Ag than the roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karsten Schlich
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Auf dem Aberg 1, 57392, Schmallenberg, Germany.
| | - Martin Hoppe
- Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources, Stilleweg 2, 30655, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Marco Kraas
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Auf dem Aberg 1, 57392, Schmallenberg, Germany.
| | - Jonas Schubert
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany; Physical Chemistry of Polymer Materials, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01062, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Munish Chanana
- Institute of Building Materials (IfB), ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland; Physical Chemistry II, University of Bayreuth, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany.
| | - Kerstin Hund-Rinke
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Auf dem Aberg 1, 57392, Schmallenberg, Germany.
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Baranwal A, Chiranjivi AK, Kumar A, Dubey VK, Chandra P. Design of commercially comparable nanotherapeutic agent against human disease-causing parasite, Leishmania. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8814. [PMID: 29891923 PMCID: PMC5995914 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27170-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanotherapeutic agents (NTA) play a crucial role in clinical medicine, if their unique properties are well understood and well exploited. In this direction, we report synthesis and characterization of highly potent phytofabricated silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Sechium edule, which served the purpose of both reducing and capping agent. The designed AgNPs were characterized using UV-Vis spectroscopy, XRD, FTIR, HR-TEM, and TGA techniques. The formation of AgNPs was also confirmed using electrochemistry, which to the best of our knowledge has never been reported before for biosynthesized nanoparticles. The antileishmanial potential of AgNPs was examined on the clinical isolates of Leishmania donovani promastigote cells in an in vitro experimental setting. A dose dependent killing activity of the AgNP was observed with an IC50 value of 51.88 ± 3.51 µg/ml. These results were also compared using commercially available drug, miltefosine. Furthermore, the clinical applicability of AgNP, as antileishmanial agent was proven by testing them against normal mammalian monocyte cell line (U937). The results were statistically analyzed and no significant toxicity of AgNPs on the normal mammalian cells was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupriya Baranwal
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Adarsh Kumar Chiranjivi
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Ashutosh Kumar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Vikash Kumar Dubey
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India.
| | - Pranjal Chandra
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India.
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Kampe S, Kaegi R, Schlich K, Wasmuth C, Hollert H, Schlechtriem C. Silver nanoparticles in sewage sludge: Bioavailability of sulfidized silver to the terrestrial isopod Porcellio scaber. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018; 37:1606-1613. [PMID: 29363840 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are efficiently converted during the wastewater-treatment process into sparingly soluble Ag sulfides (Ag2 S). In several countries, sewage sludge is used as a fertilizer in agriculture. The bioavailability of sulfidized Ag to the terrestrial isopod Porcellio scaber was investigated. Sewage sludge containing transformed AgNPs was obtained from a laboratory-scale sewage-treatment plant operated according to Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) guideline 303a. The results of transmission electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray of sludge samples suggest that AgNPs were completely transformed to Ag2 S. Adult isopods were exposed to OECD 207 soil substrate amended with the AgNP spiked sludge for 14 d (uptake phase) followed by an elimination phase in unspiked soil of equal duration. Most of the Ag measured in P. scaber at the end of the uptake phase was found in the hindgut (71%), indicating that only a minor part of the estimated Ag content was actually assimilated by the isopods with 16.3 and 12.7% found in the carcass and hepatopancreas, respectively. As a result of this, the Ag content of the animals dropped following transition to unspiked sludge within 2 d to one-third of the previously measured Ag concentration and remained stable at this level until the end of the elimination period. The present study shows that Ag2 S in sewage sludge is bioavailable to the terrestrial isopod P. scaber. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:1606-1613. © 2018 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Kampe
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Schmallenberg, Germany
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, ABBt-Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ralf Kaegi
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Karsten Schlich
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Schmallenberg, Germany
| | - Claus Wasmuth
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Schmallenberg, Germany
| | - Henner Hollert
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, ABBt-Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christian Schlechtriem
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Schmallenberg, Germany
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, ABBt-Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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16
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Zhang L, Zhou L, Li QX, Liang H, Qin H, Masutani S, Yoza B. Toxicity of lanthanum oxide nanoparticles to the fungus Moniliella wahieum Y12 T isolated from biodiesel. Chemosphere 2018; 199:495-501. [PMID: 29454172 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Moniliella wahieum Y12T, isolated from biodiesel was used as a model organism to assess the use of lanthanum oxide (La2O3) (60-80 nm) and silver oxide (AgO) (10-40 nm) nanoparticles as potential fungal inhibitors. This is the first study to investigate the use of nanoscale La2O3 as a eukaryotic bio-inhibitor. The AgO nanoparticles were relatively effective at inhibiting the growth of M. wahieum Y12T. The half maximal effective concentration (EC50) for AgO was 0.012 mg/mL as compared with 4.63 mg/mL of La2O3. Fluorescein diacetate analysis showed that AgO nanoparticles significantly reduced metabolic activity in M. wahieum Y12T. The results of this study indicated that AgO nanoparticles can be a nonspecific inhibitor for the treatment of M. wahieum Y12T, a eukaryotic biodiesel contaminant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1955 East West Road, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA; Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510225, China; China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Lingyan Zhou
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1955 East West Road, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA; Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510225, China
| | - Qing X Li
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1955 East West Road, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA
| | - Hong Liang
- Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510225, China
| | - Huaming Qin
- College of Environmental Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510225, China
| | - Stephen Masutani
- Hawaii Natural Energy Institute, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1680 East West Rd., Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Brandon Yoza
- Hawaii Natural Energy Institute, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1680 East West Rd., Honolulu, HI 96822, USA.
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17
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Kraas M, Schlich K, Knopf B, Wege F, Kägi R, Terytze K, Hund-Rinke K. Long-term effects of sulfidized silver nanoparticles in sewage sludge on soil microflora. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017; 36:3305-3313. [PMID: 28671293 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The use of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in consumer products such as textiles leads to their discharge into wastewater and consequently to a transfer of the AgNPs to soil ecosystems via biosolids used as fertilizer. In urban wastewater systems (e.g., sewer, wastewater treatment plant [WWTP], anaerobic digesters) AgNPs are efficiently converted into sparingly soluble silver sulfides (Ag2 S), mitigating the toxicity of the AgNPs. However, long-term studies on the bioavailability and effects of sulfidized AgNPs on soil microorganisms are lacking. Thus we investigated the bioavailability and long-term effects of AgNPs (spiked in a laboratory WWTP) on soil microorganisms. Before mixing the biosolids into soil, the sludges were either anaerobically digested or directly dewatered. The effects on the ammonium oxidation process were investigated over 140 d. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) suggested an almost complete sulfidation of the AgNPs analyzed in all biosolid samples and in soil, with Ag2 S predominantly detected in long-term incubation experiments. However, despite the sulfidation of the AgNPs, soil ammonium oxidation was significantly inhibited, and the degree of inhibition was independent of the sludge treatment. The results revealed that AgNPs sulfidized under environmentally relevant conditions were still bioavailable to soil microorganisms. Consequently, Ag2 S may exhibit toxic effects over the long term rather than the short term. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:3305-3313. © 2017 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Kraas
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecotoxicology, Schmallenberg, Germany
- Institute of Geological Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Karsten Schlich
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecotoxicology, Schmallenberg, Germany
| | - Burkhard Knopf
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecotoxicology, Schmallenberg, Germany
| | - Franziska Wege
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecotoxicology, Schmallenberg, Germany
| | - Ralf Kägi
- EAWAG Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Konstantin Terytze
- Institute of Geological Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kerstin Hund-Rinke
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecotoxicology, Schmallenberg, Germany
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18
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Tomacheski D, Pittol M, Simões DN, Ribeiro VF, Santana RMC. Effects of silver adsorbed on fumed silica, silver phosphate glass, bentonite organomodified with silver and titanium dioxide in aquatic indicator organisms. J Environ Sci (China) 2017; 56:230-239. [PMID: 28571858 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2016.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 07/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In order to reduce the level of transmission of diseases caused by bacteria and fungi, the development of antimicrobial additives for use in personal care, hygiene products, clothing and others has increased. Many of these additives are based on metals such as silver and titanium. The disposal of these products in the environment has raised concerns pertaining to their potential harmfulness for beneficial organisms. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of the shape, surface chemistry, size and carrier of three additives containing silver and one with titanium dioxide (TiO2) on microcrustacean survival. Daphnia magna was used as a bioindicator for acute exposure test in suspensions from 0.0001 to 10,000ppm. Ceriodaphnia dubia was used for chronic test in TiO2 suspensions from 0.001 to 100ppm. D. magna populations presented high susceptibility to all silver based additives, with 100% mortality after 24hr of exposure. A different result was found in the acute experiments containing TiO2 suspensions, with mortality rates only after 48hr of incubation. Even on acute and chronic tests, TiO2 did not reach a linear concentration-response versus mortality, with 1ppm being more toxic than 10,000ppm on acute test and 0.001 more toxic than 0.01ppm on chronic assay. Silver based material toxicity was attributed to silver itself, and had no relation to either form (nano or ion) or carrier (silica, phosphate glass or bentonite). TiO2 demonstrated to have a low acute toxicity against D. magna.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiane Tomacheski
- Department of Materials Engineering, Laboratory of Polymers - LAPOL, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91501-970, Brazil; Softer Brasil Compostos Termoplásticos, Campo Bom 93700-000, Brazil.
| | - Michele Pittol
- Softer Brasil Compostos Termoplásticos, Campo Bom 93700-000, Brazil
| | - Douglas Naue Simões
- Department of Materials Engineering, Laboratory of Polymers - LAPOL, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91501-970, Brazil; Softer Brasil Compostos Termoplásticos, Campo Bom 93700-000, Brazil
| | - Vanda Ferreira Ribeiro
- Department of Materials Engineering, Laboratory of Polymers - LAPOL, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91501-970, Brazil; Softer Brasil Compostos Termoplásticos, Campo Bom 93700-000, Brazil
| | - Ruth Marlene Campomanes Santana
- Department of Materials Engineering, Laboratory of Polymers - LAPOL, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91501-970, Brazil
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19
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Jiang HS, Yin L, Ren NN, Xian L, Zhao S, Li W, Gontero B. The effect of chronic silver nanoparticles on aquatic system in microcosms. Environ Pollut 2017; 223:395-402. [PMID: 28117183 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) inevitably discharge into aquatic environments due to their abundant use in antibacterial products. It was reported that in laboratory conditions, AgNPs display dose-dependent toxicity to aquatic organisms, such as bacteria, algae, macrophytes, snails and fishes. However, AgNPs could behave differently in natural complex environments. In the present study, a series of microcosms were established to investigate the distribution and toxicity of AgNPs at approximately 500 μg L-1 in aquatic systems. As a comparison, the distribution and toxicity of the same concentration of AgNO3 were also determined. The results showed that the surface layer of sediment was the main sink of Ag element for both AgNPs and AgNO3. Both aquatic plant (Hydrilla verticillata) and animals (Gambusia affinis and Radix spp) significantly accumulated Ag. With short-term treatment, phytoplankton biomass was affected by AgNO3 but not by AgNPs. Chlorophyll content of H. verticillata increased with both AgNPs and AgNO3 short-term exposure. However, the biomass of phytoplankton, aquatic plant and animals was not significantly different between control and samples treated with AgNPs or AgNO3 for 90 d. The communities, diversity and richness of microbes were not significantly affected by AgNPs and AgNO3; in contrast, the nitrification rate and its related microbe (Nitrospira) abundance significantly decreased. AgNPs and AgNO3 may affect the nitrogen cycle and affect the environment and, since they might be also transferred to food web, they represent a risk for health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Sheng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Aix Marseille Univ CNRS, BIP UMR 7281, IMM, FR 3479, 31 Chemin Joseph Aiguier, 13402 Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - Liyan Yin
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, Agricultural College, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
| | - Na Na Ren
- College of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Ling Xian
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Suting Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Wetland Evolution & Ecological Restoration, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Brigitte Gontero
- Aix Marseille Univ CNRS, BIP UMR 7281, IMM, FR 3479, 31 Chemin Joseph Aiguier, 13402 Marseille Cedex 20, France
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20
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Bicho RC, Ribeiro T, Rodrigues NP, Scott-Fordsmand JJ, Amorim MJB. Effects of Ag nanomaterials (NM300K) and Ag salt (AgNO3) can be discriminated in a full life cycle long term test with Enchytraeus crypticus. J Hazard Mater 2016; 318:608-614. [PMID: 27474850 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Information on effects of silver nanoparticles on soil invertebrates, especially using long-term exposures, is scarce. In this study we investigated the effects of the reference Ag (NM300K) (compared to AgNO3) using the full life cycle test (FLCt) of the soil invertebrate Enchytraeus crypticus. Results showed that effects were higher compared to the standard reproduction test, which is shorter and does not cover the FLC. Both Ag forms caused a reduction on hatching success, juvenile and adult survival and reproduction with similar ECx. Differences between AgNO3 and Ag NM300K could be discriminated using the FLCt: AgNO3 decreased hatching success was shown to be a delay in the process, whereas Ag NM300K caused irreversible effects during the same time frame. These effects may have occurred during the embryo development, hatching (inhibition) or survival of hatched juveniles. Ag NM300K caused non-monotonic concentration-response effect as observed by the high effect of the lowest concentration (20mgkg-1). It is known that dispersion is higher at lower concentrations - this could explain the increased effect at low concentration. Non monotonic responses are well described in the literature, where effects of high cannot predict for low concentrations, hence special attention should be given for NMs low concentration effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita C Bicho
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Tânia Ribeiro
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Natália P Rodrigues
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Janeck J Scott-Fordsmand
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Vejlsovej 25, PO BOX 314, DK-8600 Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - Mónica J B Amorim
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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Fajardo C, Costa G, Ortiz LT, Nande M, Rodríguez-Membibre ML, Martín M, Sánchez-Fortún S. Potential risk of acute toxicity induced by AgI cloud seeding on soil and freshwater biota. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2016; 133:433-441. [PMID: 27517140 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Silver iodide is one of the most common nucleating materials used in cloud seeding. Previous cloud seeding studies have concluded that AgI is not practically bioavailable in the environment but instead remains in soils and sediments such that the free Ag amounts are likely too low to induce a toxicological effect. However, none of these studies has considered the continued use of this practice on the same geographical areas and thus the potential cumulative effect of environmental AgI. The aim of this study is to assess the risk of acute toxicity caused by AgI exposure under laboratory conditions at the concentration expected in the environment after repeated treatments on selected soil and aquatic biota. To achieve the aims, the viability of soil bacteria Bacillus cereus and Pseudomonas stutzeri and the survival of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans exposed to different silver iodide concentrations have been evaluated. Freshwater green algae Dictyosphaerium chlorelloides and cyanobacteria Microcystis aeruginosa were exposed to silver iodide in culture medium, and their cell viability and photosynthetic activity were evaluated. Additionally, BOD5 exertion and the Microtox® toxicity test were included in the battery of toxicological assays. Both tests exhibited a moderate AgI adverse effect at the highest concentration (12.5µM) tested. However, AgI concentrations below 2.5µM increased BOD5. Although no impact on the growth and survival endpoints in the soil worm C. elegans was recorded after AgI exposures, a moderate decrease in cell viability was found for both of the assessed soil bacterial strains at the studied concentrations. Comparison between the studied species showed that the cyanobacteria were more sensitive than green algae. Exposure to AgI at 0.43μM, the reference value used in monitoring environmental impact, induced a significant decrease in photosynthetic activity that is primarily associated with the respiration (80% inhibition) and, to a lesser extent, the net photosynthesis (40% inhibition) in both strains of phytoplankton and a moderate decrease in soil bacteria viability. These results suggest that AgI from cloud seeding may moderately affect biota living in both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems if cloud seeding is repeatedly applied in a specific area and large amounts of seeding materials accumulate in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Fajardo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (IV), Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University, w/n Puerta de Hierro Ave., 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - G Costa
- Department of Animal Physilogy, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University, w/n Puerta de Hierro Ave., 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - L T Ortiz
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University, w/n Puerta de Hierro Ave., 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M Nande
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (IV), Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University, w/n Puerta de Hierro Ave., 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M L Rodríguez-Membibre
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University, w/n Puerta de Hierro Ave., 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M Martín
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (IV), Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University, w/n Puerta de Hierro Ave., 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - S Sánchez-Fortún
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University, w/n Puerta de Hierro Ave., 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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Sørensen SN, Holten Lützhøft HC, Rasmussen R, Baun A. Acute and chronic effects from pulse exposure of D. magna to silver and copper oxide nanoparticles. Aquat Toxicol 2016; 180:209-217. [PMID: 27736693 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic toxicity testing of nanoparticles (NPs) is challenged by their dynamic behavior in test suspensions. The resulting difficulties in controlling and characterizing exposure concentrations are detrimental to the generation of concentration-response data needed for hazard identification of NPs. This study explores the applicability of short-term (1, 2 and 3h) pulse exposures as means to keep the exposure stable and at the same time disclose acute and chronic effects of AgNPs and CuONPs in D. magna. Dissolution, agglomeration and sedimentation were found to have less influence on exposure concentrations during 1-3h pulses than for 24-48h continuous exposures. For AgNPs, preparation of test suspensions in medium 24h before toxicity testing (aging) increased stability during the short-term pulses. In pulse tests, organisms were exposed to the test materials, AgNPs and CuONPs for 1, 2 and 3h, and afterwards transferred to clean medium and observed for 48h (post-exposure period) for acute effects and for 21 d for chronic effects. AgNO3 and CuCl2 were used as reference materials for dissolved silver and copper, respectively. For all test materials, a 3h pulse caused comparable immobility in D. magna (observed after 48h post-exposure) as 24h continuous exposure, as evidenced by overlapping 95% confidence intervals of EC50-values. In the 21 d post-exposure period, no trends in mortality or body length were identified. AgNP and AgNO3 pulses had no effect on the number of moltings, days to first live offspring or cumulated number of offspring, but the number of offspring increased for AgNPs (3h pulse only). In contrast, CuONP and CuCl2 pulses decreased the number of moltings and offspring, and for CuONPs the time to first live offspring was prolonged. After CuONP exposures, the offspring production decreased more with increasing concentrations than for CuCl2 exposures when taking the measured dissolved copper into account. This indicates a nanoparticle-specific effect for CuONPs, possibly related to the CuONPs accumulated in the gut of D. magna during the pulse exposure. Pulse exposure is an environmentally relevant exposure scenario for NPs, which for AgNPs and CuONPs enables more stable exposures and cause acute immobility of D. magna comparable to continuous 24h exposures. Pulse exposure is likely relevant and applicable for other toxic and dissolving metal NPs, but this requires further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Nørgaard Sørensen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Building 115, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | | | - Rose Rasmussen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Building 115, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Anders Baun
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Building 115, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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23
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Tang H, Yang ST, Yang YF, Ke DM, Liu JH, Chen X, Wang H, Liu Y. Blood Clearance, Distribution, Transformation, Excretion, and Toxicity of Near-Infrared Quantum Dots Ag2Se in Mice. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2016; 8:17859-17869. [PMID: 27351208 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b05057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
As a novel fluorescent probe in the second near-infrared window, Ag2Se quantum dots (QDs) exhibit great prospect in in vivo imaging due to their maximal penetration depth and negligible background. However, the in vivo behavior and toxicity of Ag2Se QDs still largely remain unknown, which severely hinders their wide-ranging biomedical applications. Herein, we systematically studied the blood clearance, distribution, transformation, excretion, and toxicity of polyethylene glycol (PEG) coated Ag2Se QDs in mice after intravenous administration with a high dose of 8 μmol/kg body weight. QDs are quickly cleared from the blood with a circulation half-life of 0.4 h. QDs mainly accumulate in liver and spleen and are remarkably transformed into Ag and Se within 1 week. Ag is excreted from the body readily through both feces and urine, whereas Se is excreted hardly. The toxicological evaluations demonstrate that there is no overt acute toxicity of Ag2Se QDs to mice. Moreover, in regard to the in vivo stability problem of Ag2Se QDs, the biotransformation and its related metabolism are intensively discussed, and some promising coating means for Ag2Se QDs to avert transformation are proposed as well. Our work lays a solid foundation for safe applications of Ag2Se QDs in bioimaging in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Tang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Sheng-Tao Yang
- College of Chemistry and Environment Protection Engineering, Southwest University for Nationalities , Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yi-Fan Yang
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, Shanghai University , Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Da-Ming Ke
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, Shanghai University , Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Jia-Hui Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xing Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Haifang Wang
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, Shanghai University , Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yuanfang Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, Shanghai University , Shanghai 200444, China
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Judy JD, Kirby JK, McLaughlin MJ, McNear D, Bertsch PM. Symbiosis between nitrogen-fixing bacteria and Medicago truncatula is not significantly affected by silver and silver sulfide nanomaterials. Environ Pollut 2016; 214:731-736. [PMID: 27149150 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.04.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Silver (Ag) engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) are being released into waste streams and are being discharged, largely as Ag2S aged-ENMs (a-ENMs), into agroecosystems receiving biosolids amendments. Recent research has demonstrated that biosolids containing an environmentally relevant mixture of ZnO, TiO2, and Ag ENMs and their transformation products, including Ag2S a-ENMs, disrupted the symbiosis between nitrogen-fixing bacteria and legumes. However, this study was unable to unequivocally determine which ENM or combination of ENMs and a-ENMs was responsible for the observed inhibition. Here, we examined further the effects of polyvinylpyrollidone (PVP) coated pristine Ag ENMs (PVP-Ag), Ag2S a-ENMs, and soluble Ag (as AgSO4) at 1, 10, and 100 mg Ag kg(-1) on the symbiosis between the legume Medicago truncatula and the nitrogen-fixing bacterium, Sinorhizobium melliloti in biosolids-amended soil. Nodulation frequency, nodule function, glutathione reductase production, and biomass were not significantly affected by any of the Ag treatments, even at 100 mg kg(-1), a concentration analogous to a worst-case scenario resulting from long-term, repeated biosolids amendments. Our results provide additional evidence that the disruption of the symbiosis between nitrogen-fixing bacteria and legumes in response to a mixture of ENMs in biosolids-amended soil reported previously may not be attributable to Ag ENMs or their transformation end-products. We anticipate these findings will provide clarity to regulators and industry regarding potential unintended consequences to terrestrial ecosystems resulting from of the use of Ag ENMs in consumer products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D Judy
- Commonwealth Science and Industry Research Organization (CSIRO), Land and Water, Environmental Contaminant Mitigation and Technologies Research Program, Waite Campus, Waite Road, Urrbrae, 5064 South Australia, Australia.
| | - Jason K Kirby
- Commonwealth Science and Industry Research Organization (CSIRO), Land and Water, Environmental Contaminant Mitigation and Technologies Research Program, Waite Campus, Waite Road, Urrbrae, 5064 South Australia, Australia
| | - Mike J McLaughlin
- Commonwealth Science and Industry Research Organization (CSIRO), Land and Water, Environmental Contaminant Mitigation and Technologies Research Program, Waite Campus, Waite Road, Urrbrae, 5064 South Australia, Australia
| | - David McNear
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, 40546 Kentucky, United States
| | - Paul M Bertsch
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, 40546 Kentucky, United States; Center for the Environmental Implications for Nanotechnology, Duke University, Durham, 27708 North Carolina, USA; Commonwealth Science and Industry Research Organization (CSIRO), Land and Water, Ecosciences Precinct, 41 Boggo Road, Dutton Park, 4102, Queensland, Australia
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25
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Starnes DL, Lichtenberg SS, Unrine JM, Starnes CP, Oostveen EK, Lowry GV, Bertsch PM, Tsyusko OV. Distinct transcriptomic responses of Caenorhabditis elegans to pristine and sulfidized silver nanoparticles. Environ Pollut 2016; 213:314-321. [PMID: 26925754 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Manufactured nanoparticles (MNP) rapidly undergo aging processes once released from products. Silver sulfide (Ag2S) is the major transformation product formed during the wastewater treatment process for Ag-MNP. We examined toxicogenomic responses of pristine Ag-MNP, sulfidized Ag-MNP (sAg-MNP), and AgNO3 to a model soil organism, Caenorhabditis elegans. Transcriptomic profiling of nematodes which were exposed at the EC30 for reproduction for AgNO3, Ag-MNP, and sAg-MNP resulted in 571 differentially expressed genes. We independently verified expression of 4 genes (numr-1, rol-8, col-158, and grl-20) using qRT-PCR. Only 11% of differentially expressed genes were common among the three treatments. Gene ontology enrichment analysis also revealed that Ag-MNP and sAg-MNP had distinct toxicity mechanisms and did not share any of the biological processes. The processes most affected by Ag-MNP relate to metabolism, while those processes most affected by sAg-MNP relate to molting and the cuticle, and the most impacted processes for AgNO3 exposed nematodes was stress related. Additionally, as observed from qRT-PCR and mutant experiments, the responses to sAg-MNP were distinct from AgNO3 while some of the effects of pristine MNP were similar to AgNO3, suggesting that effects from Ag-MNP is partially due to dissolved silver ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L Starnes
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, 1100 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40546, United States
| | - Stuart S Lichtenberg
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, 1100 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40546, United States; Center for Environmental Implications of NanoTechnology (CEINT), P.O. Box 90287, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708-0287, United States
| | - Jason M Unrine
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, 1100 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40546, United States; Center for Environmental Implications of NanoTechnology (CEINT), P.O. Box 90287, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708-0287, United States
| | - Catherine P Starnes
- Department of Statistics, University of Kentucky, 725 Rose Street, MDS Building 305, Lexington, KY 40536, United States
| | - Emily K Oostveen
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, 1100 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40546, United States
| | - Gregory V Lowry
- Center for Environmental Implications of NanoTechnology (CEINT), P.O. Box 90287, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708-0287, United States; Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
| | - Paul M Bertsch
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, 1100 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40546, United States; Center for Environmental Implications of NanoTechnology (CEINT), P.O. Box 90287, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708-0287, United States; Division of Land and Water, CSIRO, Ecosciences Precinct, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Olga V Tsyusko
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, 1100 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40546, United States; Center for Environmental Implications of NanoTechnology (CEINT), P.O. Box 90287, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708-0287, United States.
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26
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Recordati C, De Maglie M, Bianchessi S, Argentiere S, Cella C, Mattiello S, Cubadda F, Aureli F, D'Amato M, Raggi A, Lenardi C, Milani P, Scanziani E. Tissue distribution and acute toxicity of silver after single intravenous administration in mice: nano-specific and size-dependent effects. Part Fibre Toxicol 2016; 13:12. [PMID: 26926244 PMCID: PMC4772516 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-016-0124-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are an important class of nanomaterials used as antimicrobial agents for a wide range of medical and industrial applications. However toxicity of AgNPs and impact of their physicochemical characteristics in in vivo models still need to be comprehensively characterized. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of size and coating on tissue distribution and toxicity of AgNPs after intravenous administration in mice, and compare the results with those obtained after silver acetate administration. METHODS Male CD-1(ICR) mice were intravenously injected with AgNPs of different sizes (10 nm, 40 nm, 100 nm), citrate-or polyvinylpyrrolidone-coated, at a single dose of 10 mg/kg bw. An equivalent dose of silver ions was administered as silver acetate. Mice were euthanized 24 h after the treatment, and silver quantification by ICP-MS and histopathology were performed on spleen, liver, lungs, kidneys, brain, and blood. RESULTS For all particle sizes, regardless of their coating, the highest silver concentrations were found in the spleen and liver, followed by lung, kidney, and brain. Silver concentrations were significantly higher in the spleen, lung, kidney, brain, and blood of mice treated with 10 nm AgNPs than those treated with larger particles. Relevant toxic effects (midzonal hepatocellular necrosis, gall bladder hemorrhage) were found in mice treated with 10 nm AgNPs, while in mice treated with 40 nm and 100 nm AgNPs lesions were milder or negligible, respectively. In mice treated with silver acetate, silver concentrations were significantly lower in the spleen and lung, and higher in the kidney than in mice treated with 10 nm AgNPs, and a different target organ of toxicity was identified (kidney). CONCLUSIONS Administration of the smallest (10 nm) nanoparticles resulted in enhanced silver tissue distribution and overt hepatobiliary toxicity compared to larger ones (40 and 100 nm), while coating had no relevant impact. Distinct patterns of tissue distribution and toxicity were observed after silver acetate administration. It is concluded that if AgNPs become systemically available, they behave differently from ionic silver, exerting distinct and size-dependent effects, strictly related to the nanoparticulate form.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcella De Maglie
- Fondazione Filarete, 20139, Milan, Italy.
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie e Sanità Pubblica (DIVET), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy.
| | | | | | - Claudia Cella
- Fondazione Filarete, 20139, Milan, Italy.
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy.
| | - Silvana Mattiello
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie e Sanità Pubblica (DIVET), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy.
| | - Francesco Cubadda
- Department of Food Safety and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità - National Health Institute, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Federica Aureli
- Department of Food Safety and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità - National Health Institute, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Marilena D'Amato
- Department of Food Safety and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità - National Health Institute, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Andrea Raggi
- Department of Food Safety and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità - National Health Institute, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Cristina Lenardi
- Fondazione Filarete, 20139, Milan, Italy.
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy.
- Centro Interdisciplinare Materiali e Interfacce Nanostrutturati (CIMAINA), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy.
| | - Paolo Milani
- Fondazione Filarete, 20139, Milan, Italy.
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy.
- Centro Interdisciplinare Materiali e Interfacce Nanostrutturati (CIMAINA), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy.
| | - Eugenio Scanziani
- Fondazione Filarete, 20139, Milan, Italy.
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie e Sanità Pubblica (DIVET), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy.
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Belyaeva NN, Sycheva LP. [Morphological comparative assessment of in vivo 2-week oral exposure of silver nanoparticles and silver sulfate on the mice liver]. Gig Sanit 2016; 95:899-902. [PMID: 29431329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Currently the problem of the impact of nanoparticles and nanomaterials on human health remains to be poorly understood. As in our studies of the impact of silver nanoparticles on rats liver as well in works of other researchers there were investigated morphofunctional indices under peroral exposure. Although all researchers took different sizes, doses and concentrations of silver nanoparticles, various exposure time and different stabilizers, the same effects had been obtained, which, however, were occurred under both different doses and time of exposure. However, it was interesting to compare the impact of silver nanoparticles with reference substance - silver sulfate on the mice liver with the previously evaluated effect produced on the rats ’ liver. By ourselves there was executed the morphological comparative evaluation of in vivo oral 2-weeks exposure of 4 concentrations (0.1; 5; 50 and 500 mg/l) of silver nanoparticles with size of 14 nm, stable arabian gum 1:7 by weight, and of 4 similar concentrations of silver sulfate on the liver of male mice СВАхС57В1/6 weighing 25-35g. 2 groups were considered as control: intact mice and mice received gum in water. Results of the exposure were assessed according to 10 morphological and functional indices. The impact of nanosilver was shown to initiate from its concentration of 50 mg/l and to express in the gain of the index of alteration of the cytoplasm of hepatocytes with the increasing in both severity of steatosis and the number of micronecroses, persisting at the same level at concentrations of 500 mg/l and with the elevation of the index of alteration of nuclei of hepatocytes, while the similar effect develops under the influence of silver sulfate at a concentration of 500 mg/l only. The remaining investigated morphofunctional indices did not differ significantly in all groups of mice. Unlike previously executed studies on rats, mice appeared to be sensitive to the effects of nano-silver more than to silver sulfate.
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Thalmann B, Voegelin A, von Gunten U, Behra R, Morgenroth E, Kaegi R. Effect of Ozone Treatment on Nano-Sized Silver Sulfide in Wastewater Effluent. Environ Sci Technol 2015; 49:10911-10919. [PMID: 26270654 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b02194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles used in consumer products are likely to be released into municipal wastewater. Transformation reactions, most importantly sulfidation, lead to the formation of nanoscale silver sulfide (nano-Ag2S) particles. In wastewater treatment plants (WWTP), ozonation can enhance the effluent quality by eliminating organic micropollutants. The effect of ozonation on the fate of nano-Ag2S, however, is currently unknown. In this study, we investigate the interaction of ozone with nano-Ag2S and evaluate the effect of ozonation on the short-term toxicity of WWTP effluent spiked with nano-Ag2S. The oxidation of nano-Ag2S by ozone resulted in a stoichiometric factor (number of moles of ozone required to oxidize one mole of sulfide to sulfate) of 2.91, which is comparable to the results obtained for the reaction of bisulfide (HS(-)) with ozone. The second-order rate constant for the reaction of nano-Ag2S with ozone (k = 3.1 × 10(4) M(-1) s(-1)) is comparable to the rate constant of fast-reacting micropollutants. Analysis of the ozonation products of nano-Ag2S by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) revealed that ozonation dominantly led to the formation of silver chloride in WWTP effluent. After ozonation of the Ag2S-spiked effluent, the short-term toxicity for the green algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii increased and reached EC50 values comparable to Ag(+). This study thus reveals that ozone treatment of WWTP effluent results in the oxidation of Ag2S and, hence, an increase of the Ag toxicity in the effluent, which may become relevant at elevated Ag concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basilius Thalmann
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology , Überlandstrasse 133, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zürich , CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Voegelin
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology , Überlandstrasse 133, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Urs von Gunten
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology , Überlandstrasse 133, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zürich , CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
- School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering (ENAC), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Renata Behra
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology , Überlandstrasse 133, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zürich , CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Eberhard Morgenroth
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology , Überlandstrasse 133, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zürich , CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ralf Kaegi
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology , Überlandstrasse 133, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
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Singh D, Kumar A. Effects of Nano Silver Oxide and Silver Ions on Growth of Vigna radiata. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2015; 95:379-384. [PMID: 26155963 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-015-1595-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Transformation of silver oxide nanoparticles (nano-Ag2O) to silver nanoparticles (nano-Ag) and silver ions in environment is possible which might pose toxicity to plants and other species. The objective of this study was to study effects of nano-Ag2O and silver ions on growth of Mung bean (Vigna radiata) seedlings. V. radiata seeds were exposed to nano-Ag2O and silver ions (concentration range: 4.3 × 10(-7), 4.3 × 10(-6), 4.3 × 10(-5), 4.3 × 10(-4), and 4.3 × 10(-3) mol/L) for 6 days. Root length, shoot length and dry weight of seedlings were found to decrease due to exposure of nano-Ag2O and silver ions. These findings indicate silver ions to be more toxic to V. radiata seeds than nano-Ag2O. Silver content in seedlings was found to increase with increasing concentrations of nano-Ag2O and silver ions. Overall, findings of the present study add to the existing knowledge of phytotoxicity of silver-based nanoparticles of different chemical compositions to V. radiata seeds and need to be considered during use of nanoparticles-contaminated water for irrigation purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Singh
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi, 110016, India,
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Davenport LL, Hsieh H, Eppert BL, Carreira VS, Krishan M, Ingle T, Howard PC, Williams MT, Vorhees CV, Genter MB. Systemic and behavioral effects of intranasal administration of silver nanoparticles. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2015; 51:68-76. [PMID: 26340819 PMCID: PMC4692053 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2015.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Revised: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Use of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) for their antimicrobial properties is widespread. Much of the previous work on the toxicity of AgNPs has been conducted in vitro or following oral or intravenous administration in vivo. Intranasal (IN) instillation of AgNPs mimics inhalation exposure and allows further exploration of the toxicity of these particles via respiratory tract exposure. The present study involved 1) single-dose exposures to assess tissue distribution and toxicity and 2) repeated exposures to assess behavioral effects of IN AgNP exposure (nominally uncoated 25 nm AgNP). AgNP deposition was localized in the liver, gut-associated lymphoid tissue, and brain. Decrease cellularity in spleen follicles was observed in treated mice, along with changes in cell number and populations in the spleen. The splenic GSH:GSSG ratio was also reduced following AgNP exposure. Expression of the oxidative stress-responsive gene Hmox1 was elevated in the hippocampus, but not cortex of treated mice, as was the level of HMOX1 protein. Mice receiving 7 days of IN exposure to 50 mg/kg AgNPs exhibited similar learning- and memory-related behaviors to control mice, except that treated mice spent significantly less time in the target quadrant of the Morris Water Maze during the acquisition phase probe trial. These findings indicate systemic distribution and toxicity following IN administration of AgNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie L Davenport
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, 160 Panzeca Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA
| | - Heidi Hsieh
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, 160 Panzeca Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA
| | - Bryan L Eppert
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, 160 Panzeca Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA
| | - Vinicius S Carreira
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, 160 Panzeca Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA
| | - Mansi Krishan
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, 160 Panzeca Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA
| | - Taylor Ingle
- NCTR/ORA Nanotechnology Core Facility, 3900 NCTR Rd., Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Paul C Howard
- NCTR/ORA Nanotechnology Core Facility, 3900 NCTR Rd., Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Michael T Williams
- Division of Child Neurology (MLC 7044), Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, 3333 Burnet Ave., Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA
| | - Charles V Vorhees
- Division of Child Neurology (MLC 7044), Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, 3333 Burnet Ave., Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA
| | - Mary Beth Genter
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, 160 Panzeca Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA.
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31
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Milić M, Leitinger G, Pavičić I, Zebić Avdičević M, Dobrović S, Goessler W, Vinković Vrček I. Cellular uptake and toxicity effects of silver nanoparticles in mammalian kidney cells. J Appl Toxicol 2015; 35:581-92. [PMID: 25352480 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Revised: 09/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The rapid progress and early commercial acceptance of silver-based nanomaterials is owed to their biocidal activity. Besides embracing the antimicrobial potential of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), it is imperative to give special attention to the potential adverse health effects of nanoparticles owing to prolonged exposure. Here, we report a detailed study on the in vitro interactions of citrate-coated AgNPs with porcine kidney (Pk15) cells. As uncertainty remains whether biological/cellular responses to AgNPs are solely as a result of the release of silver ions or whether the AgNPs themselves have toxic effects, we investigated the effects of Ag(+) on Pk15 cells for comparison. Next, we investigated the cellular uptake of both AgNPs and Ag(+) in Pk15 cells at various concentrations applied. The detected Ag contents in cells exposed to 50 mg l(-1) AgNPs and 50 mg l(-1) Ag(+) were 209 and 25 µg of Ag per 10(6) cells, respectively. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images indicated that the Pk15 cells internalized AgNPs by endocytosis. Both forms of silver, nano and ionic, decreased the number of viable Pk15 cells after 24 h in a dose-dependent manner. In spite of a significant uptake into the cells, AgNPs had only insignificant toxicity at concentrations lower than 25 mg l(-1) , whereas Ag(+) exhibited a significant decrease in cell viability at one-fifth of this concentration. The Comet assay suggested that a rather high concentration of AgNP (above 25 mg l(-1) ) is able to induce genotoxicity in Pk15 cells. Further studies must seek deeper understanding of AgNP behavior in biological media and their interactions with cellular membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirta Milić
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia
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32
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Privalova LI, Katsnelson BA, Gurvich VB, Loginova NV, Sutunkova MP, Shur VI, Makeev OG, Valamina IE, Minigalieva IA, Kireeva EP. [APPROACHES TO ENHANCING THE ORGANISM'S RESISTANCE TO THE ADVERSE EFFECTS OF NANOMATERIALS AS EXAMPLIFIED BY NANOSILVER AND NANOCOPPER OXIDE]. Gig Sanit 2015; 94:31-35. [PMID: 26155640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Subchronic intoxications in rats induced by repeated intraperitoneal injections of stable water suspensions of silver or copper oxide nanoparticles in low dosage were manifested by adverse shifts in some functional and biochemical indices, by development of histo-structural changes in different tissues and by poly-organ fragmentation of DNA. All these manifestations of toxicity were substantially attenuated against the background of parallel oral administration of bioprotective complexes comprising vitamins, trace elements, pectin, some amino acids and a fish oil preparation rich in omega-3 fee fatty acids, this composition has been adjusted to mechanisms of action of this or that nanomaterial.
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33
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Seitz F, Rosenfeldt RR, Storm K, Metreveli G, Schaumann GE, Schulz R, Bundschuh M. Effects of silver nanoparticle properties, media pH and dissolved organic matter on toxicity to Daphnia magna. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2015; 111:263-70. [PMID: 25450943 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Revised: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Studies assessing the acute and chronic toxicity of silver nanoparticle (nAg) materials rarely consider potential implications of environmental variables. In order to increase our understanding in this respect, we investigated the acute and chronic effects of various nAg materials on Daphnia magna. Thereby, different nanoparticle size classes with a citrate coating (20-, ~30-, 60- as well as 100-nm nAg) and one size class without any coating (140 nm) were tested, considering at the same time two pH levels (6.5 and 8.0) as well as the absence or presence of dissolved organic matter (DOM; <0.1 or 8.0 mg total organic carbon/L). Results display a reduced toxicity of nAg in media with higher pH and the presence of DOM as well as increasing initial particle size, if similarly coated. This suggests that the associated fraction of Ag species <2 nm (including Ag(+)) is driving the nAg toxicity. This hypothesis is supported by normalizing the 48-h EC50-values to Ag species <2 nm, which displays comparable toxicity estimates for the majority of the nAg materials assessed. It may therefore be concluded that a combination of both the particle characteristics, i.e. its initial size and surface coating, and environmental factors trigger the toxicity of ion-releasing nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Seitz
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, Group of Ecotoxicology & Environment, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstrasse 7, 76829 Landau, Germany.
| | - Ricki R Rosenfeldt
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, Group of Ecotoxicology & Environment, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstrasse 7, 76829 Landau, Germany
| | - Katharina Storm
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, Group of Ecotoxicology & Environment, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstrasse 7, 76829 Landau, Germany
| | - George Metreveli
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, Group of Environmental and Soil Chemistry, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstrasse 7, 76829 Landau, Germany
| | - Gabriele E Schaumann
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, Group of Environmental and Soil Chemistry, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstrasse 7, 76829 Landau, Germany
| | - Ralf Schulz
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, Group of Ecotoxicology & Environment, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstrasse 7, 76829 Landau, Germany
| | - Mirco Bundschuh
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, Group of Ecotoxicology & Environment, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstrasse 7, 76829 Landau, Germany; Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Lennart Hjelms Väg 9, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
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34
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Scanlan LD, Reed RB, Loguinov AV, Antczak P, Tagmount A, Aloni S, Nowinski DT, Luong P, Tran C, Karunaratne N, Pham D, Lin XX, Falciani F, Higgins CP, Ranville JF, Vulpe CD, Gilbert B. Silver nanowire exposure results in internalization and toxicity to Daphnia magna. ACS Nano 2013; 7:10681-94. [PMID: 24099093 PMCID: PMC3912856 DOI: 10.1021/nn4034103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Nanowires (NWs), high-aspect-ratio nanomaterials, are increasingly used in technological materials and consumer products and may have toxicological characteristics distinct from nanoparticles. We carried out a comprehensive evaluation of the physicochemical stability of four silver nanowires (AgNWs) of two sizes and coatings and their toxicity to Daphnia magna . Inorganic aluminum-doped silica coatings were less effective than organic poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) coatings at preventing silver oxidation or Ag(+) release and underwent a significant morphological transformation within 1 h following addition to low ionic strength Daphnia growth media. All AgNWs were highly toxic to D. magna but less toxic than ionic silver. Toxicity varied as a function of AgNW dimension, coating, and solution chemistry. Ag(+) release in the media could not account for observed AgNW toxicity. Single-particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry distinguished and quantified dissolved and nanoparticulate silver in microliter-scale volumes of Daphnia magna hemolymph with a limit of detection of approximately 10 ppb. The silver levels within the hemolymph of Daphnia exposed to both Ag(+) and AgNW met or exceeded the initial concentration in the growth medium, indicating effective accumulation during filter feeding. Silver-rich particles were the predominant form of silver in hemolymph following exposure to both AgNWs and Ag(+). Scanning electron microscopy imaging of dried hemolymph found both AgNWs and silver precipitates that were not present in the AgNW stock or the growth medium. Both organic and inorganic coatings on the AgNW were transformed during ingestion or absorption. Pathway, gene ontology, and clustering analyses of gene expression response indicated effects of AgNWs distinct from ionic silver on Daphnia magna .
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Affiliation(s)
- Leona D. Scanlan
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, 119 Morgan Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Robert B. Reed
- Colorado School of Mines, Department of Chemistry and Geochemistry, 1500 Illinois St., Golden, CO 80401
| | - Alexandre V. Loguinov
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, 119 Morgan Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Philipp Antczak
- University of Liverpool Centre for Computational Biology and Modeling, Institute of Integrative Biology, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, United Kingdom
| | - Abderrahmane Tagmount
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, 119 Morgan Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Shaul Aloni
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Materials Sciences Division, 1 Cyclotron Rd., MS 90-1116, Berkeley, CA, 94720
| | - Daniel Thomas Nowinski
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, 119 Morgan Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Pauline Luong
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, 119 Morgan Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Christine Tran
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, 119 Morgan Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Nadeeka Karunaratne
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, 119 Morgan Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Don Pham
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, 119 Morgan Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Xin Xin Lin
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, 119 Morgan Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Francesco Falciani
- University of Liverpool Centre for Computational Biology and Modeling, Institute of Integrative Biology, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, United Kingdom
| | - Chris P. Higgins
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Materials Sciences Division, 1 Cyclotron Rd., MS 90-1116, Berkeley, CA, 94720
| | - James F. Ranville
- Colorado School of Mines, Department of Chemistry and Geochemistry, 1500 Illinois St., Golden, CO 80401
| | - Chris D. Vulpe
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, 119 Morgan Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720
- Address correspondence to
| | - Benjamin Gilbert
- Earth Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Earth Sciences Division, 1 Cyclotron Rd., MS 74-316C, Berkeley, CA, 94720
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35
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Rahimy E, Beardsley R, Ferrucci S, Ilsen P, Sarraf D. Optical coherence tomography findings in ocular argyrosis. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina 2013; 44 Online:E20-2. [PMID: 24256711 DOI: 10.3928/23258160-20131111-02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A 68-year-old Caucasian man with a remote history of daily colloidal silver ingestion presented for ophthalmic examination in which he was noted to have a distinct slate gray skin discoloration. Funduscopy revealed confluent perimacular drusenoid deposits bilaterally, most of which localized at the level of or anterior to the inner segment ellipsoid band by optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging. Enhanced depth imaging OCT demonstrated marked choroidal thinning. Fluorescein angiogram displayed a dark or silent choroid. Confirmatory serum silver levels were found to be markedly elevated. This report describes a unique geographic maculopathy with large drusenoid deposits anterior to the ellipsoid layer and severe choroidal thinning in association with ocular argyrosis.
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36
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Roy N, Gaur A, Jain A, Bhattacharya S, Rani V. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles: an approach to overcome toxicity. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2013; 36:807-812. [PMID: 23958974 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2013.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Revised: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology, with its advent, has made deep inroads into therapeutics. It has revolutionized conventional approaches in drug designing and delivery systems by creating a large array of nanoparticles that can pass even through relatively impermeable membranes such as blood brain barrier. Like the two sides of a coin, nanotechnology too has its own share of disadvantages which in this scenario is the toxicology of these nanoparticles. Numerous studies have discussed the toxicity of various nanoparticles and the recent advancements done in the field of nanotechnology is to make it less toxic. "Green synthesis" of nanoparticles is one such approach. The review summarizes the toxicity associated with the nanoparticles and the advancement of "green" nanomaterials to resolve the toxicity issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhija Roy
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, A-10, Sector-62, Noida 201307, Uttar Pradesh, India
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37
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Blinova I, Niskanen J, Kajankari P, Kanarbik L, Käkinen A, Tenhu H, Penttinen OP, Kahru A. Toxicity of two types of silver nanoparticles to aquatic crustaceans Daphnia magna and Thamnocephalus platyurus. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2013; 20:3456-63. [PMID: 23143296 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-012-1290-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2012] [Accepted: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Although silver nanoparticles (NPs) are increasingly used in various consumer products and produced in industrial scale, information on harmful effects of nanosilver to environmentally relevant organisms is still scarce. This paper studies the adverse effects of silver NPs to two aquatic crustaceans, Daphnia magna and Thamnocephalus platyurus. For that, silver NPs were synthesized where Ag is covalently attached to poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP). In parallel, the toxicity of collargol (protein-coated nanosilver) and AgNO₃ was analyzed. Both types of silver NPs were highly toxic to both crustaceans: the EC50 values in artificial freshwater were 15-17 ppb for D. magna and 20-27 ppb for T. platyurus. The natural water (five different waters with dissolved organic carbon from 5 to 35 mg C/L were studied) mitigated the toxic effect of studied silver compounds up to 8-fold compared with artificial freshwater. The toxicity of silver NPs in all test media was up to 10-fold lower than that of soluble silver salt, AgNO₃. The pattern of the toxic response of both crustacean species to the silver compounds was almost similar in artificial freshwater and in natural waters. The chronic 21-day toxicity of silver NPs to D. magna in natural water was at the part-per-billion level, and adult mortality was more sensitive toxicity test endpoint than the reproduction (the number of offspring per adult).
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Blinova
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, Tallinn 12618, Estonia.
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38
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Roberts JR, McKinney W, Kan H, Krajnak K, Frazer DG, Thomas TA, Waugh S, Kenyon A, MacCuspie RI, Hackley VA, Castranova V. Pulmonary and cardiovascular responses of rats to inhalation of silver nanoparticles. J Toxicol Environ Health A 2013; 76:651-668. [PMID: 23941635 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2013.792024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to wet aerosols generated during use of spray products containing silver (Ag) has not been evaluated. The goal was to assess the potential for cardiopulmonary toxicity following an acute inhalation of wet silver colloid. Rats were exposed by inhalation to a low concentration (100 μg/m(3) ) using an undiluted commercial antimicrobial product (20 mg/L total silver; approximately 33 nm mean aerodynamic diameter [MAD]) or to a higher concentration (1000 μg/m(3)) using a suspension (200 mg/L total silver; approximately 39 nm MAD) synthesized to possess a similar size distribution of Ag nanoparticles for 5 h. Estimated lung burdens from deposition models were 0, 1.4, or 14 μg Ag/rat after exposure to control aerosol, low, and high doses, respectively. At 1 and 7 d postexposure, the following parameters were monitored: pulmonary inflammation, lung cell toxicity, alveolar air/blood barrier damage, alveolar macrophage activity, blood cell differentials, responsiveness of tail artery to vasoconstrictor or vasodilatory agents, and heart rate and blood pressure in response to isoproterenol or norepinephrine, respectively. Changes in pulmonary or cardiovascular parameters were absent or nonsignificant at 1 or 7 d postexposure with the exceptions of increased blood monocytes 1 d after high-dose Ag exposure and decreased dilation of tail artery after stimulation, as well as elevated heart rate in response to isoproterenol 1 d after low-dose Ag exposure, possibly due to bioavailable ionic Ag in the commercial product. In summary, short-term inhalation of nano-Ag did not produce apparent marked acute toxicity in this animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny R Roberts
- Health Effects Laboratory Division (HELD), National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 1095 Willowdale Rd. (M/S 2015), Morgantown, WV 26505, USA.
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Macken A, Byrne HJ, Thomas KV. Effects of salinity on the toxicity of ionic silver and Ag-PVP nanoparticles to Tisbe battagliai and Ceramium tenuicorne. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2012; 86:101-110. [PMID: 23036305 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2012.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2012] [Revised: 08/06/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The toxic effects of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) coated silver nanoparticles (Ag-NP(PVP)) and ionic Ag, to Tisbe battagliai (Tb) and Ceramium tenuicorne (Ct) were investigated and the usefulness of standardised marine guidelines for ENP risk assessment were assessed. The toxicity of Ag-NP(PVP) [CtEC(50)=26.6μg/L, TbEC(50)=7.9μg/L] and Ag(+) [CtEC(50)=2312.2μg/L, Tb EC(50)=90.9μg/L] to both test species differed, with the silver ENPs being more toxic. In contrast to Ag(+) the toxicity of Ag-NP(PVP) increased significantly with increasing salinity, however, after thorough characterisation it was not possible to correlate the behaviour of the particles with an increase in toxicity and salinity. The results suggest that the observed toxicity is being elicited by the free ionic silver complexing in solution and also from an unknown potential particle related effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailbhe Macken
- Focas Research Institute, Dublin Institute of Technology, Dublin 8, Ireland.
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40
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Genter MB, Newman NC, Shertzer HG, Ali SF, Bolon B. Distribution and systemic effects of intranasally administered 25 nm silver nanoparticles in adult mice. Toxicol Pathol 2012; 40:1004-13. [PMID: 22549977 DOI: 10.1177/0192623312444470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Previous work indicates that silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) given IP to mice alter the regulation of inflammation- and oxidative stress-related genes in brain. Here we assessed the distribution and toxic potential of AgNP following intranasal (IN) exposure. Adult male C57BL/6J mice received 25-nm AgNP (100 or 500 mg/kg) once IN. After 1 or 7 days, histopathology of selected organs was performed, and tissue reduced glutathione (GSH) levels were measured as an indicator of oxidative stress. Aggregated AgNP were found in spleen, lung, kidney, and nasal airway by routine light microscopy. Splenic AgNP accumulation was greatest in red pulp and occurred with modestly reduced cellularity and elevated hemosiderin deposition. Aggregated AgNP were not associated with microscopic changes in other tissues except for nasal mucosal erosions. Autometallography revealed AgNP in olfactory bulb and the lateral brain ventricles. Neither inflammatory cell infiltrates nor activated microglia were detected in brains of AgNP-treated mice. Elevated tissue GSH levels was observed in nasal epithelia (both doses at 1 day, 500 mg/kg at 7 days) and blood (500 mg/kg at 7 days). Therefore, IN administration of AgNP permits systemic distribution, produces reversible oxidative stress in the nose and in blood, and mildly enhances macrophage-mediated erythrocyte destruction in the spleen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Beth Genter
- Department of Environmental Health and Center for Environmental Genetics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, USA.
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41
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Contreras RG, Sakagami H, Nakajima H, Shimada J. Type of cell death induced by various metal cations in cultured human gingival fibroblasts. In Vivo 2010; 24:513-517. [PMID: 20668318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Metal ions are released from casting alloys and cause damage to cell structures and local inflammation. However, the cytotoxic mechanism and the type of cell death induced in human gingival fibroblast (HGF) by contact with dental metals have not been well characterized. Here the cytotoxicity of eight metals against HGF was investigated. Cytoxicity of metals against HGF was in the following order: Ag(NH(3))(2)F (most cytotoxic)>AgCl>CuCl(2)>CuCl, CoCl(2)> NiCl(2)>FeCl(2), FeCl(3) (least cytotoxic). None of the metals showed any apparent hormetic growth stimulation at lower concentrations, except for Ag(NH(3))(2)F at 20 or higher population-doubling level of HGF. The sensitivity of HGF against Ag(NH(3))(2)F was reduced during in vitro aging, similar to previous report with sodium fluoride. Contact with Ag(NH(3))(2)F for only one hour induced irreversible cell death, whereas longer duration of contact with AgCl or CuCl(2) was necessary to induce irreversible cell death. These metals induced neither DNA fragmentation nor caspase-3 activation. Pan-caspase inhibitor (Z-VAD-FMK) and autophagy inhibitors (3-methyladenine, bafilomycin) did not apparently affect the cytotoxicity of metals, when corrected for the effect of inhibitor alone on growth. We also found that Ag(NH(3))(2)F induced much higher cytotoxicity than AgCl in mouse osteoblastic cell line MC3T3-E1, possibly inducing necrosis. These data suggest the importance of cautious application of Ag(NH(3))(2)F to the oral cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- René García Contreras
- Dental Research Center (CIEAO), Faculty of Dentistry, Autonomous University of State of Mexico (UAEM), Toluca, Estado de México, México
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Xu QS, Hu JZ, Xie KB, Yang HY, Du KH, Shi GX. Accumulation and acute toxicity of silver in Potamogeton crispus L. J Hazard Mater 2010; 173:186-193. [PMID: 19740606 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.08.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2009] [Revised: 08/12/2009] [Accepted: 08/16/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, Potamogeton crispus L. plants exposed to various concentrations of silver (Ag) (5, 10, 15, and 20 microM) for 5d were investigated to determine the accumulating potential of Ag and its influence on nutrient elements, chlorophyll pigments and fluorescence, various antioxidant enzymes and compounds, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), protein content and ultrastructure. The accumulation of Ag was found to increase in a concentration dependent manner with a maximum of 29.3 microg g(-1) at 20 microM. The nutrient elements (except Ca), photosynthetic pigments, chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters (Fo, Fv, Fv/Fm, Fv/Fo), malondialdehyde (MDA), ATP, peroxidase (POD) activity, ascorbate (AsA), reduced glutathione (GSH) and protein contents decreased significantly as concentration of Ag augmented. In contrast, an induction in SOD activity was recorded, while an initial rise in Ca content and CAT activity was followed by subsequent decline. Morphological symptoms of senescence phenomena such as chlorosis and damage of chloroplasts and mitochondria were observed even at the lowest concentration of Ag, which suggested that Ag hastened the senescence of the tested plants. The loss of nutrients and chlorophyll content and damage of chloroplasts were associated with disturbances in photosynthetic capacity as indicated by the quenching of chlorophyll a fluorescence. Decreased chlorophyll and protein contents suggest oxidative stress induced by Ag. In addition, both the reduction of ATP and the damage to the ultrastructure of organelles were indicative of general disarray in the cellular functions exerted by Ag.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q S Xu
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210046, PR China.
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O'Brien N, Cummins E. Ranking initial environmental and human health risk resulting from environmentally relevant nanomaterials. J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng 2010; 45:992-1007. [PMID: 20486008 DOI: 10.1080/10934521003772410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
As nanomaterials find increased application in commercial and industrial products and processes so too the potential for release of these novel materials into the environment increases. The characteristics of these materials also may result in novel toxicological actions related to their nanoscale, which will have implications on their ecotoxicological and toxicological limits of exposure and eventual regulation. A framework for nanomaterial risk assessment on regulatory, ecotoxicological and toxicological bases developed from recent exposure and toxicity studies is presented. The release of nanoscale TiO(2), Ag and CeO(2) to the atmosphere and surface waters is assessed against provisional toxicological bench mark doses (BMDs) and critical effect doses (CEDs) developed from best available data. Predicted levels of nanomaterial release to surface waters and the atmosphere resulted in regulatory risk rankings of moderate concern based on worst case provisional regulatory limits. Inhalation and ingestion risk rankings were of very low concern based on the provisional inhalation and ingestion toxicity BMDLs and CEDLs determined for the nanomaterials in question. More toxicological data is needed on nanoscale CeO(2) inhalation to develop a true dose response as in vitro cytotoxicity studies yielded an inhalation risk ranking of lower concern. The moderate to high ecotoxicological risk rankings posed by the release of nanoscale TiO(2) and Ag to surface waters highlights the need for guidance and restriction on the usage and disposal of commercial products containing nanomaterial. The risk rankings presented in this assessment give a first indication of the relative risks posed by the usage and release of these materials into the environment and indicate what materials require further investigation into their nano-specific toxicological actions. As more nano-relevant toxicity studies are published, end-points and risk levels related to nano-specific toxicity actions may be determined and the provisional BMDLs developed as part of this framework refined, resulting in more confident risk rankings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niall O'Brien
- Biosystems Engineering, UCD School of Agriculture, Food Science and Veterinary Medicine, College of Life Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Argyria is often considered an entity of the past, one which has largely disappeared with the cessation of silver usage in oral medications. However, with the practice of colloidal silver ingestion in current "alternative health" treatments, argyria should be considered in the differential diagnosis of blue-gray hyperpigmentation. METHODS A single case report with clinicopathological correlation. RESULTS Histological examination of skin biopsy specimen, which showed perieccrine brown-black granules, verified that colloidal silver rather than a prescribed medication was the source of the patient's dyspigmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Lynn S Chang
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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45
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Abstract
Gametogenesis is a complex biological process that is particularly sensitive to environmental insults such as chemicals. Many chemicals have a negative impact on the germline, either by directly affecting the germ cells, or indirectly through their action on the somatic nursing cells. Ultimately, these effects can inhibit fertility, and they may have negative consequences for the development of the offspring. Recently, nanomaterials such as nanotubes, nanowires, fullerene derivatives (buckyballs), and quantum dots have received enormous national attention in the creation of new types of analytical tools for biotechnology and the life sciences. Despite the wide application of nanomaterials, there is a serious lack of information concerning their impact on human health and the environment. Thus, there are limited studies available on toxicity of nanoparticles for risk assessment of nanomaterials. The purpose of this study was to assess the suitability of a mouse spermatogonial stem cell line as a model to assess nanotoxicity in the male germline in vitro. The effects of different types of nanoparticles on these cells were evaluated by light microscopy, and by cell proliferation and standard cytotoxicity assays. Our results demonstrate a concentration-dependent toxicity for all types of particles tested, whereas the corresponding soluble salts had no significant effect. Silver nanoparticles were the most toxic while molybdenum trioxide (MoO(3)) nanoparticles were the least toxic. Our results suggest that this cell line provides a valuable model with which to assess the cytotoxicity of nanoparticles in the germ line in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saber Hussain
- Applied Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio 45433
| | - John J. Schlager
- Applied Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio 45433
| | - Marie-Claude Hofmann
- Department of Biology, The University of Dayton, Dayton, Ohio 45469
- To whom correspondence should be addressed at Department of Biology, Science Center 303C, The University of Dayton, 300 College Park, Dayton, OH 45469–2320. Fax: (937) 229–2021.
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46
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Zhang FQ, She WJ, Fu YF. [Comparison of the cytotoxicity in vitro among six types of nano-silver base inorganic antibacterial agents]. Zhonghua Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2005; 40:504-7. [PMID: 16329841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the biocompatibility of nano-silver base inorganic antibacterial agents and compare the cytotoxicity in vitro among six types of nano-silver base inorganic antibacterial agents. METHODS FUMAT T200-4, HN300, Novaron, Kangwang, MOD and SR1000 were diluted to different concentrations, such as 100 g/L, 50 g/L, 25 g/L and 12.5 g/L. The cytotoxicity in vitro of these agents on rat's fibroblast was assayed with MTT method. And the grades of cytotoxicity were compared. RESULTS High concentrations of nano-silver base inorganic antibacterial agents had cytotoxic effects on rat's fibroblasts L-929. As the concentration decreased, the cytotoxicity decreased. No cytotoxic effects were observed at or below the concentration of 25 g/L. FUMAT T200-4, Kongwang and SR1000, with the carrier of phosphate zirconium, had less cytotoxity than the others. CONCLUSIONS Nano-Silver base inorganic antibacterial agents, such as FUMAT T200-4, Kangwang, SR1000, have good biocompatibility. And they have the possibility of clinical application. The safe concentration of these agents is at or below 25 g/L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-qiang Zhang
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Affiliated Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Second Medical University, Shanghai 200011, China.
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Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the cytotoxicity of iontophoresis treatment using direct current (DC) with or without antibacterial agents. The following antibacterial agents were used: diamine silver fluoride (AgF); sodium fluoride (NaF); and iodine zinc iodide (JJZ). The cytotoxic activity of DC with or without antibacterial agents against human polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) was evaluated by the 3-[4, 5- dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. It was noted that DC (2 mA) killed PMNs in a time-dependent manner and the cytotoxicity was enhanced when DC was combined with antibacterial agents. The toxic effect of antibacterial agents was in the order: AgF>JJZ>NaF. The death of PMNs by DC was evaluated by flow cytometry using annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide staining. DC appeared to induce necrosis rather than apoptosis of PMNs. These results suggest that iontophoresis treatment using DC and antibacterial agents may induce necrotic cytotoxicity in host cells around periapical lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Nakamura
- Department of Endodontics, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Saitama, Japan
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48
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Abstract
A critical review of studies examining exposures to the various forms of silver was conducted to determine if some silver species are more toxic than others. The impetus behind conducting this review is that several occupational exposure limits and guidelines exist for silver, but the values for each depend on the form of silver as well as the individual agency making the recommendations. For instance, the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists has established separate threshold limit values for metallic silver (0.1 mg/m3) and soluble compounds of silver (0.01 mg/m3). On the other hand, the permissible exposure limit (PEL) recommended by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration and the Mine Safety and Health Administration and the recommended exposure limit set by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health is 0.01 mg/m3 for all forms of silver. The adverse effects of chronic exposure to silver are a permanent bluish-gray discoloration of the skin (argyria) or eyes (argyrosis). Most studies discuss cases of argyria and argyrosis that have resulted primarily from exposure to the soluble forms of silver. Besides argyria and argyrosis, exposure to soluble silver compounds may produce other toxic effects, including liver and kidney damage, irritation of the eyes, skin, respiratory, and intestinal tract, and changes in blood cells. Metallic silver appears to pose minimal risk to health. The current occupational exposure limits do not reflect the apparent difference in toxicities between soluble and metallic silver; thus, many researchers have recommended that separate PELs be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela L Drake
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Spokane Research Laboratory, 315 E. Montgomery Avenue, Spokane, WA 99207, USA.
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Wood CM, Grosell M, Hogstrand C, Hansen H. Kinetics of radiolabelled silver uptake and depuration in the gills of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and European eel (Anguilla anguilla): the influence of silver speciation. Aquat Toxicol 2002; 56:197-213. [PMID: 11792436 DOI: 10.1016/s0166-445x(01)00182-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We examined the influence of speciation on the kinetics of silver uptake and depuration in the gills of two freshwater fish, the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) which has high branchial Na(+) and Cl(-) uptake rates and is relatively sensitive to silver, and the European eel (Anguilla anguilla, yellow stage) which has low ion uptake rates and is relatively resistant to silver. Fish previously acclimated to the appropriate chloride level were exposed to 110mAgNO(3) (1.3 microg l(-1), sublethal) for 24 h in synthetic softwater with either low (10 microM) or high (1200 microM) chloride concentration, and then followed over a subsequent 67-day post-exposure period in silver-free water of the same chloride content. The exposures were therefore mainly to the free ion, Ag(+) in the low chloride water versus mainly to the neutral aqueous complex, AgCl(aq) in the high chloride water. In trout, but not in eel, water chloride is known to protect against physiological disturbances and toxicity caused by Ag(+). In both fish species, at both chloride levels, silver uptake exhibited complex kinetics. Gill silver loading occurred slowly until 6 h, then rose greatly to a peak at 12 h, followed by significant net depuration thereafter during continued exposure. By 24 h, net gill loading was three- to fivefold greater from AgCl(aq) than from Ag(+) exposure in both species, and threefold greater in trout than in eel under both conditions, with trout holding a lower fraction of the whole body burden in their gills. During the post-exposure period, depuration of silver from the gills occurred rapidly in trout, but very slowly in eel, such that gill silver burdens were greater in eel throughout the 67-day period on both an absolute and relative basis (e.g. 35% of whole body burden in eel versus <3% in trout at day 8). The kinetics of depuration were described by two phase exponential models, with break points between the fast and slow phases at 1 and 15 days for trout and eel, respectively. We conclude that speciation affects not only uptake rates but also the kinetics of depuration. When silver is loaded from AgCl(aq) it is clearly more labile than from Ag(+) exposures, with 1.6-1.8-fold greater loss rates during the fast phases in both species. Differences in branchial silver uptake between eel and trout correlate well with differences in acute toxicity, but are not as large as differences in ion uptake rates. The complex time-dependent patterns of gill loading, and the higher loading from AgCl(aq) than from Ag(+), mean that gill total silver burden is not an appropriate endpoint for biotic ligand modelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris M Wood
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Ontario, L8S 4K1, Hamilton, Canada.
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50
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Abstract
The Health Department in Western Australia uses a 40 per cent silver fluoride (AgF) solution for prevention and treatment of dental caries in children. Analysis of this solution has revealed high fluoride concentrations (75,000-120,000 mg/L), raising concerns of potential toxicity and prompting investigation of clinical protocols utilizing low-strength AgF in an animal model. A single topical application of 4 per cent AgF solution to Sprague-Dawley rats resulted in moderate to severe localized fluorosis in 24 per cent of animals. In a second experiment, caries was induced in rats aged 19 days; six weeks later, between one-four carious molar teeth from each rat were treated with 4 per cent AgF (atraumatic technique). A generalized form of fluorosis developed in the continually growing incisors of less than 10 per cent of animals which had one or two carious teeth treated, and in 70-90 per cent of rats which received AgF to either three or four carious teeth. These results confirm the potential of a 4 per cent AgF solution to induce fluorosis and support previous recommendations that AgF at its empirical concentration of 40 per cent should be withdrawn from clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Gotjamanos
- Department of Pathology and School of Dentistry, University of Western Australia
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