6551
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Blake H, Bermingham F, Johnson G, Tabner A. Mitigating the Psychological Impact of COVID-19 on Healthcare Workers: A Digital Learning Package. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:E2997. [PMID: 32357424 PMCID: PMC7246821 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17092997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 296] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) will undoubtedly have psychological impacts for healthcare workers, which could be sustained; frontline workers will be particularly at risk. Actions are needed to mitigate the impacts of COVID-19 on mental health by protecting and promoting the psychological wellbeing of healthcare workers during and after the outbreak. We developed and evaluated a digital learning package using Agile methodology within the first three weeks of UK outbreak. This e-package includes evidence-based guidance, support and signposting relating to psychological wellbeing for all UK healthcare employees. A three-step rapid development process included public involvement activities (PPIs) (STEP 1), content and technical development with iterative peer review (STEP 2), and delivery and evaluation (STEP 3). The package outlines the actions that team leaders can take to provide psychologically safe spaces for staff, together with guidance on communication and reducing social stigma, peer and family support, signposting others through psychological first aid (PFA), self-care strategies (e.g., rest, work breaks, sleep, shift work, fatigue, healthy lifestyle behaviours), and managing emotions (e.g., moral injury, coping, guilt, grief, fear, anxiety, depression, preventing burnout and psychological trauma). The e-package includes advice from experts in mental wellbeing as well as those with direct pandemic experiences from the frontline, as well as signposting to public mental health guidance. Rapid delivery in STEP 3 was achieved via direct emails through professional networks and social media. Evaluation included assessment of fidelity and implementation qualities. Essential content was identified through PPIs (n = 97) and peer review (n = 10) in STEPS 1 and 2. The most important messages to convey were deemed to be normalisation of psychological responses during a crisis, and encouragement of self-care and help-seeking behaviour. Within 7 days of completion, the package had been accessed 17,633 times, and healthcare providers had confirmed immediate adoption within their health and wellbeing provisions. Evaluation (STEP 3, n = 55) indicated high user satisfaction with content, usability and utility. Assessment of implementation qualities indicated that the package was perceived to be usable, practical, low cost and low burden. Our digital support package on 'psychological wellbeing for healthcare workers' is free to use, has been positively evaluated and was highly accessed within one week of release. It is available here: Supplementary Materials. This package was deemed to be appropriate, meaningful and useful for the needs of UK healthcare workers. We recommend provision of this e-package to healthcare workers alongside wider strategies to support their psychological wellbeing during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly Blake
- School of Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2HA, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Queen’s Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Fiona Bermingham
- Leicester Medical School, University of Leicester, Lancaster Rd, Leicester LE1 7HA, UK;
| | - Graham Johnson
- REMEDI Emergency Department, Royal Derby Hospital, Uttoxeter Rd, Derby DE22 3NE, UK; (G.J.); (A.T.)
| | - Andrew Tabner
- REMEDI Emergency Department, Royal Derby Hospital, Uttoxeter Rd, Derby DE22 3NE, UK; (G.J.); (A.T.)
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6552
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Lei L, Huang X, Zhang S, Yang J, Yang L, Xu M. Comparison of Prevalence and Associated Factors of Anxiety and Depression Among People Affected by versus People Unaffected by Quarantine During the COVID-19 Epidemic in Southwestern China. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e924609. [PMID: 32335579 PMCID: PMC7199435 DOI: 10.12659/msm.924609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 383] [Impact Index Per Article: 95.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND At the end of 2019, the COVID-19 outbreak began in Wuhan, Hubei, China, and spread rapidly to the whole country within 1 month. This new epidemic caused a great mental reaction among the public. This study aimed to assess and compare the prevalence and associated factors of anxiety and depression among the public affected by quarantine and those unaffected during the COVID-19 outbreak in southwestern China in early Feb. 2020. MATERIAL AND METHODS Data were collected using the self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) and the self-rating depression scale (SDS) administered to 1593 respondents aged 18 years and above. The respondents were grouped as 'affected group' and 'unaffected group' on the basis of whether they or their families/colleagues/classmates/neighbors had been quarantined. RESULTS Among 1593 participants, the prevalence of anxiety and depression was approximately 8.3% and 14.6%, respectively, and the prevalence in the affected group (12.9%, 22.4%) was significantly higher than that in the unaffected group (6.7%, 11.9%). Lower average household income, lower education level, having a higher self-evaluated level of knowledge, being more worried about being infected, having no psychological support, greater property damage, and lower self-perceived health condition were significant associated with higher scores on the SAS and SDS. People living in Chongqing had higher SAS and SDS scores than those living in Yunnan Province. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of anxiety and depression of the affected group are higher than in the unaffected group during the COVID-19 outbreak in southwestern China in early Feb. 2020. The government should focus more on providing economic and medical support to improve the general population's mental state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Lei
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Nursing Department, West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoming Huang
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Nursing Department, West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Nursing Department, West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Jinrong Yang
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Nursing Department, West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Nursing Department, West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Min Xu
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Nursing Department, West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
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6553
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Kumar S, Zhi K, Mukherji A, Gerth K. Repurposing Antiviral Protease Inhibitors Using Extracellular Vesicles for Potential Therapy of COVID-19. Viruses 2020; 12:E486. [PMID: 32357553 PMCID: PMC7290948 DOI: 10.3390/v12050486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In January 2020, Chinese health agencies reported an outbreak of a novel coronavirus-2 (CoV-2) which can lead to severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). The virus, which belongs to the coronavirus family (SARS-CoV-2), was named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). Full-length genome sequences of SARS-CoV-2 showed 79.6% sequence identity to SARS-CoV, with 96% identity to a bat coronavirus at the whole-genome level. COVID-19 has caused over 133,000 deaths and there are over 2 million total confirmed cases as of April 15th, 2020. Current treatment plans are still under investigation due to a lack of understanding of COVID-19. One potential mechanism to slow disease progression is the use of antiviral drugs to either block the entry of the virus or interfere with viral replication and maturation. Currently, antiviral drugs, including chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine, remdesivir, and lopinavir/ritonavir, have shown effective inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 in vitro. Due to the high dose needed and narrow therapeutic window, many patients are experiencing severe side effects with the above drugs. Hence, repurposing these drugs with a proper formulation is needed to improve the safety and efficacy for COVID-19 treatment. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a family of natural carriers in the human body. They play a critical role in cell-to-cell communications. EVs can be used as unique drug carriers to deliver protease inhibitors to treat COVID-19. EVs may provide targeted delivery of protease inhibitors, with fewer systemic side effects. More importantly, EVs are eligible for major aseptic processing and can be upscaled for mass production. Currently, the FDA is facilitating applications to treat COVID-19, which provides a very good chance to use EVs to contribute in this combat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 881 Madison Ave, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (A.M.); (K.G.)
| | - Kaining Zhi
- Plough Center for Sterile Drug Delivery Solutions, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 208 South Dudley Street, Memphis, TN 38163, USA;
| | - Ahona Mukherji
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 881 Madison Ave, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (A.M.); (K.G.)
| | - Kelli Gerth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 881 Madison Ave, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (A.M.); (K.G.)
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6554
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COVID-19 Clinical Research Coalition. Electronic address: nick.white@covid19crc.org. Global coalition to accelerate COVID-19 clinical research in resource-limited settings. Lancet 2020; 395:1322-5. [PMID: 32247324 DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30798-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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6555
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Lee M, You M. Psychological and Behavioral Responses in South Korea During the Early Stages of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:E2977. [PMID: 32344809 PMCID: PMC7246607 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17092977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Background: The psychological and behavioral responses during the early stage of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in South Korea were investigated to guide the public as full and active participants of public health emergency preparedness (PHEP), which is essential to improving resilience and reducing the population's fundamental vulnerability. Methods: Data were collected through an online survey four weeks after the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (KCDC) confirmed the first case in South Korea; 973 subjects were included in the analysis. Results: Respondents' perceived risk of COVID-19 infection; the majority of respondents reported that their perceived chance of infection was "neither high nor low" (51.3%). The average perceived severity score was higher than perceived susceptibility; 48.6 % reported that the severity would be "high," while 19.9% reported "very high." Many respondents reported taking precautions, 67.8% reported always practicing hand hygiene, and 63.2% reported always wearing a facial mask when outside. Approximately 50% reported postponing or canceling social events, and 41.5% were avoiding crowded places. Practicing precautionary behaviors associated strongly with perceived risk and response efficacy of the behavior. Conclusions: Our study confirmed the significance of the psychological responses, which associated with behavioral responses and significantly influenced the public's level of public health emergency preparedness regarding the COVID-19 pandemic. This result has consequences not only for implementing public health strategies for the pandemic but also for understanding future emerging infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjung Lee
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea;
| | - Myoungsoon You
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea;
- Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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6556
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Gómez-Ríos D, Ramirez-Malule D, Ramirez-Malule H. The effect of uncontrolled travelers and social distancing on the spread of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Colombia. Travel Med Infect Dis 2020; 35:101699. [PMID: 32344113 PMCID: PMC7194519 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Gómez-Ríos
- Grupo de Investigación en Simulación, Diseño, Control y Optimización de Procesos (SIDCOP), Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Diego Ramirez-Malule
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Howard Ramirez-Malule
- Escuela de Ingeniería Química, Universidad del Valle, A.A. 25360, Cali, 76001, Colombia.
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6557
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An Urgent Call to Make One Health Work for People and Our Planet. MEDICC Rev 2020; 22:3-4. [PMID: 32327614 DOI: 10.37757/MR2020.V22.N1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
January 2020 begins a new decade, a chance for the inter-national health community to take a hard look at where we are, where we stand, what we stand for and why we need to stand up. Staring us down are two concurrent global health emergencies: the coronavirus epidemic originating in Wu-han, China and climate change. As you read this, the trove of articles and assessments published on both is growing faster than most can absorb.
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6558
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6559
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Leung K, Wu JT, Liu D, Leung GM. First-wave COVID-19 transmissibility and severity in China outside Hubei after control measures, and second-wave scenario planning: a modelling impact assessment. Lancet 2020; 395:1382-1393. [PMID: 32277878 PMCID: PMC7195331 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30746-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 496] [Impact Index Per Article: 124.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As of March 18, 2020, 13 415 confirmed cases and 120 deaths related to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in mainland China, outside Hubei province-the epicentre of the outbreak-had been reported. Since late January, massive public health interventions have been implemented nationwide to contain the outbreak. We provide an impact assessment of the transmissibility and severity of COVID-19 during the first wave in mainland Chinese locations outside Hubei. METHODS We estimated the instantaneous reproduction number (Rt) of COVID-19 in Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen, Wenzhou, and the ten Chinese provinces that had the highest number of confirmed COVID-19 cases; and the confirmed case-fatality risk (cCFR) in Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen, and Wenzhou, and all 31 Chinese provinces. We used a susceptible-infectious-recovered model to show the potential effects of relaxing containment measures after the first wave of infection, in anticipation of a possible second wave. FINDINGS In all selected cities and provinces, the Rt decreased substantially since Jan 23, when control measures were implemented, and have since remained below 1. The cCFR outside Hubei was 0·98% (95% CI 0·82-1·16), which was almost five times lower than that in Hubei (5·91%, 5·73-6·09). Relaxing the interventions (resulting in Rt >1) when the epidemic size was still small would increase the cumulative case count exponentially as a function of relaxation duration, even if aggressive interventions could subsequently push disease prevalence back to the baseline level. INTERPRETATION The first wave of COVID-19 outside of Hubei has abated because of aggressive non-pharmaceutical interventions. However, given the substantial risk of viral reintroduction, particularly from overseas importation, close monitoring of Rt and cCFR is needed to inform strategies against a potential second wave to achieve an optimal balance between health and economic protection. FUNDING Health and Medical Research Fund, Hong Kong, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathy Leung
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Joseph T Wu
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
| | - Di Liu
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Gabriel M Leung
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
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6560
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Setti L, Passarini F, De Gennaro G, Barbieri P, Pallavicini A, Ruscio M, Piscitelli P, Colao A, Miani A. Searching for SARS-COV-2 on Particulate Matter: A Possible Early Indicator of COVID-19 Epidemic Recurrence. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:E2986. [PMID: 32344853 PMCID: PMC7246840 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17092986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A number of nations were forced to declare a total shutdown due to COVID-19 infection, as extreme measure to cope with dramatic impact of the pandemic, with remarkable consequences both in terms of negative health outcomes and economic loses. However, in many countries a "Phase-2" is approaching and many activities will re-open soon, although with some differences depending on the severity of the outbreak experienced and SARS-COV-2 estimated diffusion in the general population. At the present, possible relapses of the epidemic cannot be excluded until effective vaccines or immunoprophylaxis with human recombinant antibodies will be properly set up and commercialized. COVD-19-related quarantines have triggered serious social challenges, so that decision makers are concerned about the risk of wasting all the sacrifices imposed to the people in these months of quarantine. The availability of possible early predictive indicators of future epidemic relapses would be very useful for public health purposes, and could potentially prevent the suspension of entire national economic systems. On 16 March, a Position Paper launched by the Italian Society of Environmental Medicine (SIMA) hypothesized for the first time a possible link between the dramatic impact of COVID-19 outbreak in Northern Italy and the high concentrations of particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) that characterize this area, along with its well-known specific climatic conditions. Thereafter, a survey carried out in the U.S. by the Harvard School of Public Health suggested a strong association between increases in particulate matter concentration and mortality rates due to COVID-19. The presence of SARS-COV-2 RNA on the particulate matter of Bergamo, which is not far from Milan and represents the epicenter of the Italian epidemic, seems to confirm (at least in case of atmospheric stability and high PM concentrations, as it usually occurs in Northern Italy) that the virus can create clusters with the particles and be carried and detected on PM10. Although no assumptions can be made concerning the link between this first experimental finding and COVID-19 outbreak progression or severity, the presence of SARS-COV-2 RNA on PM10 of outdoor air samples in any city of the world could represent a potential early indicator of COVID-19 diffusion. Searching for the viral genome on particulate matter could therefore be explored among the possible strategies for adopting all the necessary preventive measures before future epidemics start.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Setti
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, University of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Fabrizio Passarini
- Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Research “Renewable Sources, Environment, Blue Growth, Energy”, University of Bologna, 47921 Rimini, Italy;
| | | | - Pierluigi Barbieri
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy;
| | | | - Maurizio Ruscio
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Giuliano Isontina (ASU GI), 34127 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Prisco Piscitelli
- Italian Society of Environmental Medicine (SIMA), 20149 Milan, Italy;
- UNESCO Chair on Health Education and Sustainable Development, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Annamaria Colao
- UNESCO Chair on Health Education and Sustainable Development, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Miani
- Italian Society of Environmental Medicine (SIMA), 20149 Milan, Italy;
- UNESCO Chair on Health Education and Sustainable Development, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy;
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Policy, University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
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6561
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Torres
- Fundacion Octaedro, Quito 170408, Ecuador; Ecuadorian Society of Public Health, Quito, Ecuador.
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6562
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther K Choo
- Center for Policy and Research in Emergency Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
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6563
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6564
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6565
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Sethi NK. EEG during the COVID-19 pandemic: What remains the same and what is different. Clin Neurophysiol 2020; 131:1462. [PMID: 32388156 PMCID: PMC7182743 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2020.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nitin K Sethi
- Department of Neurology, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
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6566
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Bowers
- Primary Care Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kristian Pollock
- Nottingham Centre for the Advancement of Research into Supportive, Palliative and End of Life Care, School of Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Stephen Barclay
- Primary Care Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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6567
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Lim HW, Feldman SR, Van Voorhees AS, Gelfand JM. Recommendations for phototherapy during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Am Acad Dermatol 2020; 83:287-288. [PMID: 32339700 PMCID: PMC7195284 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2020.04.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Henry W Lim
- Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan.
| | - Steven R Feldman
- Department of Dermatology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Abby S Van Voorhees
- Department of Dermatology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia
| | - Joel M Gelfand
- Department of Dermatology and Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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6568
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Ussher JE, Le Gros G, Quiñones-Mateu ME, Gulab SA, Yiannoutsos M. The case for New Zealand to have its own COVID-19 vaccine programme. N Z Med J 2020; 133:112-115. [PMID: 32325476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- James E Ussher
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin
| | | | | | - Shivali A Gulab
- Ferrier Research Institute and Wellington UniVentures, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington
| | - Melissa Yiannoutsos
- Ferrier Research Institute and Wellington UniVentures, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington
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6569
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McQuoid-Mason DJ. COVID-19 and patient-doctor confidentiality. S Afr Med J 2020; 110:461-462. [PMID: 32880552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the increasing numbers of ethical and legal issues arising from the COVID-19 epidemic, particularly in respect of patient-doctor confidentiality, doctors must explain to patients how the measures taken to combat the spread of the virus impact on their confidentiality. Patients must be reassured that doctors are ethically bound to continue to respect such confidentiality, but it should be made clear to them that doctors must also comply with the demands of the law. While the Constitution, statutory law and the common law all recognise a person's right to privacy, during extraordinary times such as the COVID-19 pandemic, confidentiality must be breached to a degree to halt the spread of the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J McQuoid-Mason
- Centre for Socio-Legal Studies, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
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6570
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COVID-19 National Incident Room Surveillance Team. COVID-19, Australia: Epidemiology Report 12 (Reporting week to 23:59 AEST 19 April 2020). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 44. [PMID: 32343939 DOI: 10.33321/cdi.2020.44.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Confirmed cases in Australia notified up to 19 April 2020: notifications = 6,606; deaths = 69. The reduction in international travel and domestic movement, social distancing measures and public health action have likely slowed the spread of the disease. Notifications in Australia remain predominantly among people with recent overseas travel, with some locally-acquired cases being detected. Most locally-acquired cases can be linked back to a confirmed case, with a small portion unable to be epidemiologically linked. The distribution of overseas-acquired cases to locally-acquired cases varies by jurisdiction. The crude case fatality rate (CFR) in Australia remains low (1.0%) compared to the World Health Organization's globally-reported rate (6.8%) and to other comparable high-income countries such as the United States of America (4.7%) and the United Kingdom (13.5%). The low CFR is likely reflective of high case ascertainment including detection of mild cases. High case ascertainment enables public health response and reduction of disease transmission. Internationally, cases continue to increase. The rates of increase have started to slow in several regions, although it is too soon to tell whether this trend will be sustained. Interpretation of international epidemiology should be conducted with caution as it differs from country to country depending not only on the disease dynamics, but also on differences in case detection, testing and implemented public health measures.
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6571
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Randhawa GS, Soltysiak MPM, El Roz H, de Souza CPE, Hill KA, Kari L. Machine learning using intrinsic genomic signatures for rapid classification of novel pathogens: COVID-19 case study. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232391. [PMID: 32330208 PMCID: PMC7182198 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The 2019 novel coronavirus (renamed SARS-CoV-2, and generally referred to as the COVID-19 virus) has spread to 184 countries with over 1.5 million confirmed cases. Such major viral outbreaks demand early elucidation of taxonomic classification and origin of the virus genomic sequence, for strategic planning, containment, and treatment. This paper identifies an intrinsic COVID-19 virus genomic signature and uses it together with a machine learning-based alignment-free approach for an ultra-fast, scalable, and highly accurate classification of whole COVID-19 virus genomes. The proposed method combines supervised machine learning with digital signal processing (MLDSP) for genome analyses, augmented by a decision tree approach to the machine learning component, and a Spearman's rank correlation coefficient analysis for result validation. These tools are used to analyze a large dataset of over 5000 unique viral genomic sequences, totalling 61.8 million bp, including the 29 COVID-19 virus sequences available on January 27, 2020. Our results support a hypothesis of a bat origin and classify the COVID-19 virus as Sarbecovirus, within Betacoronavirus. Our method achieves 100% accurate classification of the COVID-19 virus sequences, and discovers the most relevant relationships among over 5000 viral genomes within a few minutes, ab initio, using raw DNA sequence data alone, and without any specialized biological knowledge, training, gene or genome annotations. This suggests that, for novel viral and pathogen genome sequences, this alignment-free whole-genome machine-learning approach can provide a reliable real-time option for taxonomic classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurjit S. Randhawa
- Department of Computer Science, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | | | - Hadi El Roz
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Camila P. E. de Souza
- Department of Statistical and Actuarial Sciences, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Kathleen A. Hill
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Lila Kari
- School of Computer Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
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6572
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Baddock K. COVID-19-the frontline (a GP perspective). N Z Med J 2020; 133:8-10. [PMID: 32325463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kate Baddock
- General Practitioner, Kawau Bay Health, Auckland
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6573
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Sullivan PS, Sailey C, Guest JL, Guarner J, Kelley C, Siegler AJ, Valentine-Graves M, Gravens L, Del Rio C, Sanchez TH. Detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA and Antibodies in Diverse Samples: Protocol to Validate the Sufficiency of Provider-Observed, Home-Collected Blood, Saliva, and Oropharyngeal Samples. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2020; 6:e19054. [PMID: 32310815 PMCID: PMC7184968 DOI: 10.2196/19054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The response in the United States to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has been hampered by a lack of aggressive testing for the infection. Testing for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the cornerstone of an effective public health response. However, efforts to test have been hampered by limited reagents, limitations in the availability of swabs used for the collection of nasopharyngeal swab (NPS) specimens, limitations in personal protective equipment (PPE) for health care providers collecting the NPS specimens, and limitations in viral transport media for transporting the specimens. Therefore, more flexible options for screening for SARS-CoV-2 RNA and serologic responses are critical to inform clinical and public health responses. OBJECTIVE We aim to document the ability of patients to self-collect sufficient specimens for SARS-CoV-2 viral detection and serology. METHODS Patient self-collection of samples will be done with observation by a health care provider during a telemedicine session. Participants will be mailed a specimen collection kit, engage in a telehealth session with a provider through a HIPPA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996)-compliant video meeting, and collect specimens while being observed by the provider. Providers will record whether they are confident in the suitability of the specimen for laboratory testing that would inform clinical decision making. We will objectively assess the sufficiency of biological material in the mailed-in specimens. RESULTS The protocol was approved by the Emory University Institutional Review Board (IRB) on March 30, 2020 (Protocol number 371). To date, we have enrolled 159 participants. CONCLUSIONS Defining a conceptual framework for assessing the sufficiency of patient-collected samples for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA and serologic responses to infection is critical for facilitating public health responses and providing PPE-sparing options to increase testing. Validation of alternative methods of specimen collection should include objective measures of the sufficiency of specimens for testing. A strong evidence base for diversifying testing modalities will improve tools to guide public health responses to the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Sean Sullivan
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | | | - Jodie Lynn Guest
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Jeannette Guarner
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Colleen Kelley
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Aaron Julius Siegler
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health Education, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Mariah Valentine-Graves
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Laura Gravens
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Carlos Del Rio
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Travis Howard Sanchez
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
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6574
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Chinazzi M, Davis JT, Ajelli M, Gioannini C, Litvinova M, Merler S, Pastore Y Piontti A, Mu K, Rossi L, Sun K, Viboud C, Xiong X, Yu H, Halloran ME, Longini IM, Vespignani A. The effect of travel restrictions on the spread of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak. Science 2020; 368:395-400. [PMID: 32144116 PMCID: PMC7164386 DOI: 10.1126/science.aba9757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1736] [Impact Index Per Article: 434.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Motivated by the rapid spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in mainland China, we use a global metapopulation disease transmission model to project the impact of travel limitations on the national and international spread of the epidemic. The model is calibrated on the basis of internationally reported cases and shows that, at the start of the travel ban from Wuhan on 23 January 2020, most Chinese cities had already received many infected travelers. The travel quarantine of Wuhan delayed the overall epidemic progression by only 3 to 5 days in mainland China but had a more marked effect on the international scale, where case importations were reduced by nearly 80% until mid-February. Modeling results also indicate that sustained 90% travel restrictions to and from mainland China only modestly affect the epidemic trajectory unless combined with a 50% or higher reduction of transmission in the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Chinazzi
- Laboratory for the Modeling of Biological and Socio-technical Systems, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jessica T Davis
- Laboratory for the Modeling of Biological and Socio-technical Systems, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Ana Pastore Y Piontti
- Laboratory for the Modeling of Biological and Socio-technical Systems, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kunpeng Mu
- Laboratory for the Modeling of Biological and Socio-technical Systems, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Kaiyuan Sun
- Fogarty International Center, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Cécile Viboud
- Fogarty International Center, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Xinyue Xiong
- Laboratory for the Modeling of Biological and Socio-technical Systems, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hongjie Yu
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - M Elizabeth Halloran
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ira M Longini
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - Alessandro Vespignani
- Laboratory for the Modeling of Biological and Socio-technical Systems, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.
- ISI Foundation, Turin, Italy
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6575
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Suchonwanit P, Leerunyakul K, Kositkuljorn C. Cutaneous manifestations in COVID-19: Lessons learned from current evidence. J Am Acad Dermatol 2020; 83:e57-e60. [PMID: 32339706 PMCID: PMC7194618 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2020.04.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Poonkiat Suchonwanit
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Kanchana Leerunyakul
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chaninan Kositkuljorn
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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6576
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Abstract
As the COVID-19 pandemic stretches on, investigators are becoming increasingly concerned about longer-term effects on grants and funding for cancer research. Institutions and philanthropic organizations are especially likely to be hit hard by the economic crisis, with effects that will be particularly acute for early-career investigators.
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6577
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Krause KL, Furneaux R, Benjes P, Brimble M, Davidson T, Denny W, Harris L, Hinkley S, Tyler P, Ussher JE, Ward V. The post-lockdown period should be used to acquire effective therapies for future resurgence in SARS-Cov-2 infections. N Z Med J 2020; 133:107-111. [PMID: 32325475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 will be with us through the remainder of 2020 and almost certainly beyond. New Zealand needs a viable strategy to protect its populace until a vaccine is developed and in wide use. Until that time, it makes sense to protect the population by putting in place treatments that will be safe and effective, such as the use of convalescent sera and the use of direct-acting anti-virals. These treatments should be sourced externally or made locally, but steps in this direction must now begin as the lockdown ends. New Zealand has the scientists, the facilities and the will to make this happen, but the support of the government and the population will be needed if this plan is to succeed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - William Denny
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland
| | - Lawrence Harris
- Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington
| | - Simon Hinkley
- Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington
| | - Peter Tyler
- Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington
| | - James E Ussher
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago
| | - Vernon Ward
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago
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6578
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Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is a zoonotic virus that has achieved community spread among humans and become a pandemic. Transmission from humans to dogs, domestic cats, tigers, and lions has occurred. Pigs, cats, ferrets, and primates have been identified as good candidates for susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2. The potential implications indicate the need for One Health surveillance, intervention, and management strategies to mitigate the effects on animal populations and prevent a second preparedness failure during this health emergency.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ilaria Capua
- One Health Center of Excellence, University of Florida.
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6579
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Bjørnsen LP, Næss-Pleym LE, Dale J, Laugsand LE. Patient visits to an emergency department in anticipation of the COVID-19 pandemic. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen 2020; 140:20-0277. [PMID: 32463204 DOI: 10.4045/tidsskr.20.0277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Emergency Department in Trondheim has prepared for a large influx of patients infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus. We conducted a study comparing patients in the Emergency Department in the first weeks of the pandemic in Norway (weeks 11 and 12) with the average number of patient visits. MATERIAL AND METHOD Data from patients at the Emergency Department of St Olav's Hospital in the period 6 January 2020-22 March 2020 were retrieved from the Emergency Department's database. Logistical patient data concerning patient numbers, chief complaints, length of stay in the Emergency Department, acuity level, isolation status, and treatment level were analysed. RESULTS In week 12, 331 patients were referred to the Emergency Department, a reduction of 39 % compared with the average of 541 patients in weeks 2-10. There was a general reduction in all patient groups, but particularly those discharged from the Emergency Department. In week 12 there were 56 more patients isolated with suspected/potentially infectious disease (187 %) compared with the average for weeks 2-10, and these patients spent almost two hours longer in the Emergency Department than other patients. INTERPRETATION There was a reduction in patient visits to the Emergency Department in the first weeks of the pandemic. The percentage of patients isolated for infection control increased, and the time spent in the Emergency Department for these patients was greater than for other patients. The reduction in the inflow of patients is expected to be temporary, and the Emergency Department at St Olav's Hospital expects a large influx of patients with suspected COVID-19 disease.
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6580
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Luo Y, Trevathan E, Qian Z, Li Y, Li J, Xiao W, Tu N, Zeng Z, Mo P, Xiong Y, Ye G. Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Household Contacts of a Healthcare Provider, Wuhan, China. Emerg Infect Dis 2020; 26:1930-1933. [PMID: 32330112 PMCID: PMC7392452 DOI: 10.3201/eid2608.201016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We found that all 5 asymptomatic household contacts of a Wuhan, China, physician with coronavirus disease had severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 detected by PCR. The index patient and 2 contacts also had abnormal chest computed tomography scans. Asymptomatic infected household contacts of healthcare workers with coronavirus disease might be underrecognized.
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6581
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Abstract
Since COVID-19 transmission started in late January, mathematical modelling has been at the forefront of shaping the decisions around different non-pharmaceutical interventions to confine its' spread in the UK and worldwide. This Editorial discusses the importance of modelling in understanding Covid-19 spread, highlights different modelling approaches and suggests that while modelling is important, no one model can give all the answers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmina Panovska-Griffiths
- Department of Applied Health Research, Institute of Epidemiology and Healthcare, UCL, London, UK.
- Institute for Global Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Healthcare, University College London, London, UK.
- The Queen's College, Oxford University, Oxford, UK.
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6582
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin Yamey
- Center for Policy Impact in Global Health, Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Gregg Gonsalves
- Public Health Modeling Unit and Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, USA
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6583
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Christey G, Amey J, Campbell A, Smith A. Variation in volumes and characteristics of trauma patients admitted to a level one trauma centre during national level 4 lockdown for COVID-19 in New Zealand. N Z Med J 2020; 133:81-88. [PMID: 32325471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aims of this study were to describe the variation in volumes and types of injuries admitted to a level one trauma centre in New Zealand over two 14-day periods before and during the national level 4 lockdown for COVID-19; and highlight communities at risk of preventable injury that may impact negatively on hospital resources. METHOD A retrospective, descriptive study of prospectively collected data in the Midland Trauma Registry in New Zealand. RESULTS Overall there was a reduction of 43% in all injury-related admissions with significant reductions seen in major injury (50% reduction), males (50% reduction) and children aged 0-14 years (48% reduction). Results for ethnicity and persons aged over 14 years were within 3% deviation of this overall 43% reduction. Injuries at home, particularly falls, predominate. CONCLUSION Despite the significant reduction in admissions during level 4 lockdown, hospitals should continue to provide full services until resource limitations are unavoidable. Immediate messaging is recommended to reduce rates of injury on the farm and at home, specifically falls prevention. Ongoing attention of road users to road safety is essential to reduce the incidence of preventable major injury. These immediate measures can potentially reduce unnecessary pressure on hospital beds and resources during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant Christey
- Midland Trauma System, Waikato District Hospital, Hamilton; Waikato Clinical School, University of Auckland, Auckland
| | - Janet Amey
- Midland Trauma System, Waikato District Hospital, Hamilton
| | | | - Alastair Smith
- Midland Trauma System, Waikato District Hospital, Hamilton
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6584
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Coffey S, Moynagh A, Green B, Edmond J, Wilkins GT, Pemberton J, Wilkins B, Williams MJ, Arnold B. Changes to management of a non-pandemic illness during the COVID-19 pandemic: case study of invasive management of acute coronary syndrome. N Z Med J 2020; 133:101-106. [PMID: 32325474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic requires significant changes to standard operating procedures for non-COVID-19 related illnesses. Balancing the benefit from standard evidence-based treatments with the risks posed by COVID-19 to patients, healthcare workers and to the population at large is difficult due to incomplete and rapidly changing information. In this article, we use management of acute coronary syndromes as a case study to show how these competing risks and benefits can be resolved, albeit incompletely. While the risks due to COVID-19 in patients with acute coronary syndromes is unclear, the benefits of standard management are well established in this condition. As an aid to decision making, we recommend systematic estimation of the risks and benefits for management of any condition where there is likely to be an increase in non-COVID-19 related mortality and morbidity due to changes in routine care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Coffey
- Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash Health; Casey Hospital Emergency Department, Monash Health
| | - Anouska Moynagh
- Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash Health; Casey Hospital Emergency Department, Monash Health
| | - Belinda Green
- Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash Health; Casey Hospital Emergency Department, Monash Health
| | - John Edmond
- Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash Health; Casey Hospital Emergency Department, Monash Health
| | - Gerard T Wilkins
- Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash Health; Casey Hospital Emergency Department, Monash Health
| | - James Pemberton
- Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash Health; Casey Hospital Emergency Department, Monash Health
| | - Ben Wilkins
- Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash Health; Casey Hospital Emergency Department, Monash Health
| | - Michael Ja Williams
- Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash Health; Casey Hospital Emergency Department, Monash Health
| | - Brendan Arnold
- Infectious Disease Physician, Dunedin Public Hospital, Southern District Health Board
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6585
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Chang A, Schnall AH, Law R, Bronstein AC, Marraffa JM, Spiller HA, Hays HL, Funk AR, Mercurio-Zappala M, Calello DP, Aleguas A, Borys DJ, Boehmer T, Svendsen E. Cleaning and Disinfectant Chemical Exposures and Temporal Associations with COVID-19 - National Poison Data System, United States, January 1, 2020-March 31, 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2020; 69:496-498. [PMID: 32324720 PMCID: PMC7188411 DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6916e1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
On January 19, 2020, the state of Washington reported the first U.S. laboratory-confirmed case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by infection with SARS-CoV-2 (1). As of April 19, a total of 720,630 COVID-19 cases and 37,202 associated deaths* had been reported to CDC from all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and four U.S. territories (2). CDC recommends, with precautions, the proper cleaning and disinfection of high-touch surfaces to help mitigate the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 (3). To assess whether there might be a possible association between COVID-19 cleaning recommendations from public health agencies and the media and the number of chemical exposures reported to the National Poison Data System (NPDS), CDC and the American Association of Poison Control Centers surveillance team compared the number of exposures reported for the period January-March 2020 with the number of reports during the same 3-month period in 2018 and 2019. Fifty-five poison centers in the United States provide free, 24-hour professional advice and medical management information regarding exposures to poisons, chemicals, drugs, and medications. Call data from poison centers are uploaded in near real-time to NPDS. During January-March 2020, poison centers received 45,550 exposure calls related to cleaners (28,158) and disinfectants (17,392), representing overall increases of 20.4% and 16.4% from January-March 2019 (37,822) and January-March 2018 (39,122), respectively. Although NPDS data do not provide information showing a definite link between exposures and COVID-19 cleaning efforts, there appears to be a clear temporal association with increased use of these products.
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6586
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Lu X, Zhang L, Du H, Zhang J, Li YY, Qu J, Zhang W, Wang Y, Bao S, Li Y, Wu C, Liu H, Liu D, Shao J, Peng X, Yang Y, Liu Z, Xiang Y, Zhang F, Silva RM, Pinkerton KE, Shen K, Xiao H, Xu S, Wong GWK. SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Children. N Engl J Med 2020; 382:1663-1665. [PMID: 32187458 PMCID: PMC7121177 DOI: 10.1056/nejmc2005073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1617] [Impact Index Per Article: 404.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hui Du
- Wuhan Children's Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan Y Li
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingyu Qu
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenxin Zhang
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Youjie Wang
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Ying Li
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chuansha Wu
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongxiu Liu
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Di Liu
- Wuhan Institute of Virology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianbo Shao
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuehua Peng
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | | | | | - Yun Xiang
- Wuhan Children's Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | | | | | | | - Kunling Shen
- Chinese National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Han Xiao
- Institute of Maternal and Child Health, Wuhan, China
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6587
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Phé V, Karsenty G, Robert G, Gamé X, Cornu JN. Widespread Postponement of Functional Urology Cases During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Rationale, Potential Pitfalls, and Future Consequences. Eur Urol 2020; 78:4-5. [PMID: 32349933 PMCID: PMC7177126 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2020.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Véronique Phé
- Department of Urology, La Pitié-Salpêtrière Academic Hospital, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Department of Urology, La Conception Hospital, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France.
| | - Gilles Karsenty
- Department of Urology, La Conception Hospital, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Grégoire Robert
- Department of Urology, CHU Bordeaux, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Xavier Gamé
- Department of Urology, CHU Rangueil, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
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6588
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Alwashmi MF. The Use of Digital Health in the Detection and Management of COVID-19. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:E2906. [PMID: 32340107 PMCID: PMC7215737 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17082906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Digital health is uniquely positioned to enhance the way we detect and manage infectious diseases. This commentary explores the potential of implementing digital technologies that can be used at different stages of the COVID-19 outbreak, including data-driven disease surveillance, screening, triage, diagnosis, and monitoring. Methods that could potentially reduce the exposure of healthcare providers to the virus are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meshari F. Alwashmi
- School of Pharmacy, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Health Sciences Centre, 300 Prince Philip Drive, St John’s, NL A1B 3V6, Canada;
- Chief Scientific Officer, BreatheSuite Inc., St John’s, NL A1B 2X2, Canada
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6589
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Lucchini A, Giani M, Elli S, Villa S, Rona R, Foti G. Nursing Activities Score is increased in COVID-19 patients. Intensive Crit Care Nurs 2020; 59:102876. [PMID: 32360493 PMCID: PMC7177066 DOI: 10.1016/j.iccn.2020.102876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Lucchini
- Emergency Department, ASST Monza, San Gerardo Hospital, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Pergolesi 33, Monza (MB), Italy.
| | - Marco Giani
- Emergency Department, ASST Monza, San Gerardo Hospital, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Pergolesi 33, Monza (MB), Italy
| | - Stefano Elli
- Emergency Department, ASST Monza, San Gerardo Hospital, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Pergolesi 33, Monza (MB), Italy
| | - Silvia Villa
- Emergency Department, ASST Monza, San Gerardo Hospital, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Pergolesi 33, Monza (MB), Italy
| | - Roberto Rona
- Emergency Department, ASST Monza, San Gerardo Hospital, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Pergolesi 33, Monza (MB), Italy
| | - Giuseppe Foti
- Emergency Department, ASST Monza, San Gerardo Hospital, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Pergolesi 33, Monza (MB), Italy
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6590
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Rampinelli V, Mattavelli D, Gualtieri T, Paderno A, Taboni S, Berretti G, Deganello A. Reshaping head and neck reconstruction policy during the COVID-19 pandemic peak: Experience in a front-line institution. Auris Nasus Larynx 2020; 47:489-491. [PMID: 32362453 PMCID: PMC7177088 DOI: 10.1016/j.anl.2020.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vittorio Rampinelli
- Unit of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Davide Mattavelli
- Unit of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy
| | - Tommaso Gualtieri
- Unit of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy
| | - Alberto Paderno
- Unit of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy
| | - Stefano Taboni
- Unit of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy
| | - Giulia Berretti
- Unit of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy
| | - Alberto Deganello
- Unit of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy
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6591
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He J, He L, Zhou W, Nie X, He M. Discrimination and Social Exclusion in the Outbreak of COVID-19. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:ijerph17082933. [PMID: 32340349 PMCID: PMC7215298 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17082933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This paper is aimed to document the observed social exclusion and discrimination in the outbreak of COVID-19 across the world and inside of China. Discrimination and social exclusion has occurred in various forms, while 25.11% of respondents overseas experienced discrimination in the breakout of COVID-19, and 90% of respondents inside of China exhibited discriminatory attitudes. The discrimination and social exclusion also lead to a range of damaging social outcomes. Thus, this is an urgent call for the inclusiveness in policy and media in the face of this public health emergency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun He
- School of Ethnology and Sociology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650092, China; (J.H.); (W.Z.); (X.N.)
| | - Leshui He
- Department of Economics, Bates College, Lewiston, ME 04240, USA;
| | - Wen Zhou
- School of Ethnology and Sociology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650092, China; (J.H.); (W.Z.); (X.N.)
| | - Xuanhua Nie
- School of Ethnology and Sociology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650092, China; (J.H.); (W.Z.); (X.N.)
| | - Ming He
- School of Ethnology and Sociology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650092, China; (J.H.); (W.Z.); (X.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-871-65034738; Fax: +86-871-65031748
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6592
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Ulhaq ZS, Soraya GV. The prevalence of ophthalmic manifestations in COVID-19 and the diagnostic value of ocular tissue/fluid. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2020; 258:1351-1352. [PMID: 32328758 PMCID: PMC7180670 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-020-04695-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zulvikar Syambani Ulhaq
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Maulana Malik Ibrahim Islamic State University of Malang, Batu, East Java, 65151, Indonesia.
| | - Gita Vita Soraya
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, South Sulawesi, 90245, Indonesia
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6593
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Tang K, Gaoshan J, Ahonsi B, Ali M, Bonet M, Broutet N, Kara E, Kim C, Thorson A, Thwin SS. Sexual and reproductive health (SRH): a key issue in the emergency response to the coronavirus disease (COVID- 19) outbreak. Reprod Health 2020; 17:59. [PMID: 32326943 PMCID: PMC7179791 DOI: 10.1186/s12978-020-0900-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak was first declared in China in December 2019, and WHO declared the pandemic on 11 March 2020. A fast-rising number of confirmed cases has been observed in all continents, with Europe at the epicentre of the outbreak at this moment.Sexual and reproductive health (SRH) and rights is a significant public health issue during the epidemics. The novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is new to humans, and only limited scientific evidence is available to identify the impact of the disease COVID-19 on SRH, including clinical presentation and outcomes of the infection during pregnancy, or for persons with STI/HIV-related immunosuppression. Beyond the clinical scope of SRH, we should not neglect the impacts at the health system level and disruptions or interruptions in regular provision of SRH services, such as pre- and postnatal checks, safe abortion, contraception, HIV/AIDS and sexually transmitted infections. Furthermore, other aspects merit attention such as the potential increase of gender-based violence and domestic abuse, and effects of stigma and discrimination associated with COVID-19 and their effects on SRH clients and health care providers. Therefore, there is an urgent need for the scientific community to generate sound clinical, epidemiological, and psycho-social behavioral links between COVID-19 and SRH and rights outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Tang
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
| | | | | | - Moazzam Ali
- UNDP/UNFPA/UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction (HRP), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Mercedes Bonet
- UNDP/UNFPA/UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction (HRP), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nathalie Broutet
- UNDP/UNFPA/UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction (HRP), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Edna Kara
- UNDP/UNFPA/UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction (HRP), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Caron Kim
- UNDP/UNFPA/UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction (HRP), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Anna Thorson
- UNDP/UNFPA/UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction (HRP), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Soe Soe Thwin
- UNDP/UNFPA/UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction (HRP), Geneva, Switzerland
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6594
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Denys A, Guiu B, Chevallier P, Digklia A, de Kerviler E, de Baere T. Interventional oncology at the time of COVID-19 pandemic: Problems and solutions. Diagn Interv Imaging 2020; 101:347-353. [PMID: 32360351 PMCID: PMC7177103 DOI: 10.1016/j.diii.2020.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 pandemic modifies in-depth interventional oncology practice. Identification of aerosol-generating procedures is crucial for safety. Curative treatment of cancers should not be delayed during the COVID-19 pandemic. Solutions to overcome shortage in anesthesiology resources are described.
The COVID-19 pandemic has deeply impacted the activity of interventional oncology in hospitals and cancer centers. In this review based on official recommendations of different international societies, but also on local solutions found in different expert large-volume centers, we discuss the changes that need to be done for the organization, safety, and patient management in interventional oncology. A literature review of potential solutions in a context of scarce anesthesiologic resources, limited staff and limited access to hospital beds are proposed and discussed based on the literature data.
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MESH Headings
- Aerosols
- Age Factors
- Anesthesia, General
- Anesthesiology/statistics & numerical data
- Betacoronavirus
- Biopsy/adverse effects
- Biopsy/methods
- COVID-19
- COVID-19 Testing
- Cancer Care Facilities/organization & administration
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/therapy
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/therapy
- Chemoembolization, Therapeutic/methods
- Clinical Laboratory Techniques/methods
- Colonic Neoplasms/pathology
- Coronavirus Infections/complications
- Coronavirus Infections/diagnosis
- Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology
- Coronavirus Infections/transmission
- Databases, Factual
- Health Personnel/statistics & numerical data
- Health Resources/organization & administration
- Health Resources/supply & distribution
- Hospital Bed Capacity/statistics & numerical data
- Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data
- Humans
- Hyperthermia, Induced/methods
- Kidney Neoplasms/therapy
- Liver Neoplasms/therapy
- Lung Neoplasms/secondary
- Lung Neoplasms/therapy
- Neoplasms/complications
- Neoplasms/therapy
- Palliative Care/methods
- Pandemics
- Pneumonia, Viral/complications
- Pneumonia, Viral/diagnosis
- Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology
- Pneumonia, Viral/transmission
- SARS-CoV-2
- Triage
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Affiliation(s)
- A Denys
- Department of Radiology, CHUV UNIL, rue du Bugnon 46, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - B Guiu
- Department of Radiology, Hôpital Saint ELOI, CHU Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - P Chevallier
- Department of Radiology, Hôpital ARCHET 2, CHU Nice, 06000 Nice, France
| | - A Digklia
- Department of Oncology, CHUV UNIL, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - E de Kerviler
- Department of Radiology, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Louis, 75010 Paris, France; Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France
| | - T de Baere
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Institut Gustave Roussy, 94800 Villejuif, France
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6595
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McKinnon J. Looking beyond the coronavirus: lessons and principles. Br J Nurs 2020; 29:488-489. [PMID: 32324460 DOI: 10.12968/bjon.2020.29.8.488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- John McKinnon
- Senior Lecturer, School of Health and Social Care, University of Lincoln
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6596
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Affiliation(s)
- Harvey V Fineberg
- From the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, Palo Alto, CA, and the National Academies Standing Committee on Emerging Infectious Diseases and 21st Century Health Threats, Washington, DC
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6597
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6598
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Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a worldwide pandemic that has been affecting Portugal since 2 March 2020. The Portuguese government has been making efforts to contradict the exponential growth through social isolation measures. We have developed a mathematical model to predict the impact of such measures in the number of infected cases and peak of infection. We estimate the peak to be around 2 million infected cases by the beginning of May if no additional measures are taken. The model shows that current measures effectively isolated 25-30% of the population, contributing to some reduction on the infection peak. Importantly, our simulations show that the infection burden can be further reduced with higher isolation degree, providing information for a second intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo J. Pais
- Centro de investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, Caparica, 2829-511, Portugal
| | - Nuno Taveira
- Centro de investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, Caparica, 2829-511, Portugal
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, 1649-003, Portugal
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6599
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Adams ML, Katz DL, Grandpre J. Population-Based Estimates of Chronic Conditions Affecting Risk for Complications from Coronavirus Disease, United States. Emerg Infect Dis 2020; 26:1831-1833. [PMID: 32324118 PMCID: PMC7392427 DOI: 10.3201/eid2608.200679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
We estimated that 45.4% of US adults are at increased risk for complications from coronavirus disease because of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, respiratory disease, hypertension, or cancer. Rates increased by age, from 19.8% for persons 18–29 years of age to 80.7% for persons >80 years of age, and varied by state, race/ethnicity, health insurance status, and employment.
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6600
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Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a worldwide pandemic that has been affecting Portugal since 2 March 2020. The Portuguese government has been making efforts to contradict the exponential growth through lockdown, social distancing and the usage of masks. However, these measures have been implemented without controlling the compliance degree and how much is necessary to achieve an effective control. To address this issue, we developed a mathematical model to estimate the strength of Government-Imposed Measures (GIM) and predict the impact of the degree of compliance on the number of infected cases and peak of infection. We estimate the peak to be around 650 thousand infected cases with 53 thousand requiring hospital care by the beginning of May if no measures were taken. The model shows that the population compliance of the GIM was gradual between 30% to 75%, contributing to a significant reduction on the infection peak and mortality. Importantly, our simulations show that the infection burden could have been further reduced if the population followed the GIM immediately after their release on 18 March.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo J. Pais
- Centro de investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, Caparica, 2829-511, Portugal
| | - Nuno Taveira
- Centro de investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, Caparica, 2829-511, Portugal
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, 1649-003, Portugal
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