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Wang HH, Liu J, Li LT, Chen HC, Zhang WP, Liu ZF. Typical gene expression profile of pseudorabies virus reactivation from latency in swine trigeminal ganglion. J Neurovirol 2020; 26:687-695. [PMID: 32671812 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-020-00866-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Pseudorabies virus (PRV) establishes a lifelong latent infection in swine trigeminal ganglion (TG) following acute infection. Increased corticosteroid levels, due to stress, increases the incidence of reactivation from latency. Muscle injection combined with intravenous deliver of the synthetic corticosteroid dexamethasone (DEX) consistently induces reactivation from latency in pigs. In this study, PRV-free piglets were infected with PRV. Viral shedding in nasal and ocular swabs demonstrated that PRV infection entered the latent period. The anti-PRV antibody was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and the serum neutralization test, which suggested that the PRV could establish latent infection in the presence of humoral immunity. Immunohistochemistry and viral genome detection of TG neurons suggested that PRV was reactivated from latency. Viral gene expressions of IE180, EP0, VP16, and LLT-intron were readily detected at 3-h post-DEX treatment, but gB, a γ1 gene, was not detectable. The differentially expressed phosphorylated proteins of TG neurons were analyzed by ITRAQ coupled with LC-MS/MS, and p-EIF2S2 differentially expression was confirmed by western blot assay. Taken together, our study provides the evidence that typical gene expression in PRV reactivation from latency in TG is disordered compared with known lytic infection in epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Hua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.,Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Jie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Lin-Tao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Huan-Chun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Wan-Po Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Zheng-Fei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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Lin YT, Yu Z, Tsai SC, Hsu PH, Chen JC. Neuropeptide FF receptor 2 inhibits capsaicin-induced CGRP Upregulation in mouse trigeminal ganglion. J Headache Pain 2020; 21:87. [PMID: 32640973 PMCID: PMC7346335 DOI: 10.1186/s10194-020-01152-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stimulation of trigeminovascular pathway is widely used to establish the headache animal model. Headache is a common neurological disorder, in which symptomatic attacks are mediated by calcitonin-gene-related peptide (CGRP). CGRP is synthesized and released from the trigeminal ganglion to transmit pain signals under stimulation. On the other hand, Neuropeptide FF (NPFF) is a candidate transmitter/modulator for migraine, and stimulation of its receptor, NPFFR2, increases the expression and release of CGRP in mice sensory neurons. Here, we investigate the impact of NPFFR2 on trigeminal CGRP level in a capsaicin-induced headache mouse model. METHODS Mice were intracisternally injected with capsaicin into the cisterna magna to activate the trigeminovascular pathway and induce headache symptoms. Mice pretreated with Npffr2-shRNA or NPFFR2 knockouts were adopted to test the impact of NPFFR2 on capsaicin-induced CGRP upregulation in trigeminal ganglion. The gene silencing effect of Npffr2-shRNA in trigeminal ganglion was confirmed by real-time PCR. Trigeminal CGRP level was determined by immunofluorescence staining, and the percentage of CGRP-positive cell was calculated after setting the signal intensity threshold by Image J software. Amount of trigeminal CGRP in NPFFR2 overexpressed mice was also measured by CGRP ELISA. FINDINGS Infusion of capsaicin into the cisterna magna upregulated the CGRP in trigeminal ganglion and induced spontaneous pain behaviors including the reduction of locomotor activity and the increase of freezing behavior. Intracisternal injection of Npffr2-shRNA reduced the mRNA of Npffr2 in trigeminal ganglion. Mice pretreatment with Npffr2-shRNA prevented capsaicin-induced CGRP upregulation in trigeminal ganglion. Similarly, CGRP upregulation was also reduced in NPFFR2 knockout mice. On the contrary, trigeminal CGRP was increased in NPFFR2 overexpressed mice. CONCLUSIONS Reducing the level of NPFFR2 leads to the downregulation of capsaicin-induced CGRP in trigeminal ganglion, which would consequently attenuate the activation of trigeminovascular pathway. Thus, NPFFR2 could serve as a potential target for neuromodulation of cephalic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Tin Lin
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Chang Gung University, 259 Wenhua 1st Road, Guishan Dist, Taoyuan City, 33302, Taiwan.,Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, 259 Wenhua 1st Road, Guishan Dist, Taoyuan City, 33302, Taiwan
| | - Zachary Yu
- Department of Medicine, Chang Gung University, 259 Wenhua 1st Road, Guishan Dist, Taoyuan City, 33302, Taiwan
| | - Sze-Chi Tsai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, 259 Wenhua 1st Road, Guishan Dist, Taoyuan City, 33302, Taiwan
| | - Po-Hung Hsu
- Center for Advanced Molecular Imaging and Translation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 5 Fu-Hsing Street. Guishan Dist, Taoyuan City, 33302, Taiwan.,Department of Electrical Engineering, Chang Gung University, 259 Wenhua 1st Road, Guishan Dist, Taoyuan City, 33302, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Chung Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Chang Gung University, 259 Wenhua 1st Road, Guishan Dist, Taoyuan City, 33302, Taiwan. .,Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, 259 Wenhua 1st Road, Guishan Dist, Taoyuan City, 33302, Taiwan. .,Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 5 Fu-Hsing Street. Guishan Dist, Taoyuan City, 33302, Taiwan.
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Edvinsson JCA, Viganò A, Alekseeva A, Alieva E, Arruda R, De Luca C, D'Ettore N, Frattale I, Kurnukhina M, Macerola N, Malenkova E, Maiorova M, Novikova A, Řehulka P, Rapaccini V, Roshchina O, Vanderschueren G, Zvaune L, Andreou AP, Haanes KA. The fifth cranial nerve in headaches. J Headache Pain 2020; 21:65. [PMID: 32503421 PMCID: PMC7275328 DOI: 10.1186/s10194-020-01134-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The fifth cranial nerve is the common denominator for many headaches and facial pain pathologies currently known. Projecting from the trigeminal ganglion, in a bipolar manner, it connects to the brainstem and supplies various parts of the head and face with sensory innervation. In this review, we describe the neuroanatomical structures and pathways implicated in the sensation of the trigeminal system. Furthermore, we present the current understanding of several primary headaches, painful neuropathies and their pharmacological treatments. We hope that this overview can elucidate the complex field of headache pathologies, and their link to the trigeminal nerve, to a broader field of young scientists.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C A Edvinsson
- Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Glostrup Research Institute, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, 2600, Glostrup, Denmark. .,Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - A Viganò
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Milan, Italy
| | - A Alekseeva
- Department of Neurology, First Pavlov State Medical University of St.Petersburg, St.Petersburg, Russia
| | - E Alieva
- GBUZ Regional Clinical Hospital № 2, Krasnodar, Russia
| | - R Arruda
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - C De Luca
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Neurology Unit, University of Pisa, 56126, Pisa, Italy.,Department of Public Medicine, Laboratory of Morphology of Neuronal Network, University of Campania-Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - N D'Ettore
- Department of Neurology, University of Rome, Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - I Frattale
- Department of Applied Clinical Sciences and Biotechnology, University of L'Aquila, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - M Kurnukhina
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Pavlov State Medical University of St.Petersburg, Lev Tolstoy Street 6-8, St.Petersburg, Russia.,The Leningrad Regional State Budgetary Institution of health care "Children's clinical hospital", St.Petersburg, Russia
| | - N Macerola
- Department of Internal Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - E Malenkova
- Pain Department, Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery, Moscow, Russia
| | - M Maiorova
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - A Novikova
- F.F. Erisman Federal Research Center for Hygiene, Mytishchy, Russia
| | - P Řehulka
- Department of Neurology, St. Anne's University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - V Rapaccini
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, Systems Medicine Department, University Hospital Tor Vergata, Viale Oxford 81, 00133, Rome, Italy.,Unità Sanitaria Locale (USL) Umbria 2, Viale VIII Marzo, 05100, Terni, Italy.,Department of Neurology, Headache Center, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - O Roshchina
- Department of Neurology, First Pavlov State Medical University of St.Petersburg, St.Petersburg, Russia
| | - G Vanderschueren
- Department of Neurology, ZNA Middelheim, Lindendreef 1, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - L Zvaune
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia.,Department of Pain Medicine, Hospital Jurmala, Jurmala, Latvia.,Headache Centre Vivendi, Riga, Latvia
| | - A P Andreou
- Headache Research, Wolfson CARD, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,The Headache Centre, Guy's and St Thomas, NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - K A Haanes
- Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Glostrup Research Institute, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, 2600, Glostrup, Denmark
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Warfvinge K, Krause DN, Maddahi A, Grell AS, Edvinsson JC, Haanes KA, Edvinsson L. Oxytocin as a regulatory neuropeptide in the trigeminovascular system: Localization, expression and function of oxytocin and oxytocin receptors. Cephalalgia 2020; 40:1283-1295. [PMID: 32486908 DOI: 10.1177/0333102420929027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent clinical findings suggest that oxytocin could be a novel treatment for migraine. However, little is known about the role of this neuropeptide/hormone and its receptor in the trigeminovascular pathway. Here we determine expression, localization, and function of oxytocin and oxytocin receptors in rat trigeminal ganglia and targets of peripheral (dura mater and cranial arteries) and central (trigeminal nucleus caudalis) afferents. METHODS The methods include immunohistochemistry, messenger RNA measurements, quantitative PCR, release of calcitonin gene-related peptide and myography of arterial segments. RESULTS Oxytocin receptor mRNA was expressed in rat trigeminal ganglia and the receptor protein was localized in numerous small to medium-sized neurons and thick axons characteristic of A∂ sensory fibers. Double immunohistochemistry revealed only a small number of neurons expressing both oxytocin receptors and calcitonin gene-related peptide. In contrast, double immunostaining showed expression of the calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor component receptor activity-modifying protein 1 and oxytocin receptors in 23% of the small cells and in 47% of the medium-sized cells. Oxytocin immunofluorescence was observed only in trigeminal ganglia satellite glial cells. Oxytocin mRNA was below detection limit in the trigeminal ganglia. The trigeminal nucleus caudalis expressed mRNA for both oxytocin and its receptor. K+-evoked calcitonin gene-related peptide release from either isolated trigeminal ganglia or dura mater and it was not significantly affected by oxytocin (10 µM). Oxytocin directly constricted cranial arteries ex vivo (pEC50 ∼ 7); however, these effects were inhibited by the vasopressin V1A antagonist SR49059. CONCLUSION Oxytocin receptors are extensively expressed throughout the rat trigeminovascular system and in particular in trigeminal ganglia A∂ neurons and fibers, but no functional oxytocin receptors were demonstrated in the dura and cranial arteries. Thus, circulating oxytocin may act on oxytocin receptors in the trigeminal ganglia to affect nociception transmission. These effects may help explain hormonal influences in migraine and offer a novel way for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Warfvinge
- Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Glostrup Research Institute, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark.,Division of Experimental Vascular Research, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Diana N Krause
- Division of Experimental Vascular Research, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Aida Maddahi
- Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Glostrup Research Institute, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Anne-Sofie Grell
- Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Glostrup Research Institute, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Jacob Ca Edvinsson
- Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Glostrup Research Institute, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark.,Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristian A Haanes
- Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Glostrup Research Institute, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Lars Edvinsson
- Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Glostrup Research Institute, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark.,Division of Experimental Vascular Research, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
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Abstract
Innervation plays a key role in the development, homeostasis, and regeneration of organs and tissues. However, the mechanisms underlying these phenomena are not well understood yet. In particular, the role of innervation in tooth development and regeneration is neglected. Cocultures constitute a valuable method to investigate and manipulate the interactions between nerve fibers and teeth in a controlled and isolated environment. Microfluidic systems for allow cocultures of neurons and different cell types in their appropriate culture media, while permitting the passage of axons from one compartment to the other. Here we describe how to isolate and coculture developing trigeminal ganglia and tooth germs in a microfluidic coculture system. This protocol describes a simple and flexible way to coculture ganglia/nerves and their target tissues and to study the roles of specific molecules on such interactions in a controlled and isolated environment.
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56
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Lee JH, Heo HJ, Kim KM, Lee HG, Baek SM, Jung DW. Herpes zoster in the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal ganglia obscuring cavernous sinus thrombosis due to Streptococcus constellatus subsp. constellatus - A case report. Anesth Pain Med (Seoul) 2020; 15:205-208. [PMID: 33329815 PMCID: PMC7713813 DOI: 10.17085/apm.2020.15.2.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Herpes zoster ophthalmicus (HZO) is an infectious disease that results from the reactivation of latent varicella zoster virus in the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal ganglia. HZO manifests with herpes zoster-like symptoms such as rash with or without signs of ocular involvement. Cavernous sinus thrombosis (CST) is a life-threatening condition accompanied by signs and symptoms involving the eyes and the cranial nerves. Case We report a case of septic cavernous sinus thrombosis (caused by Streptococcus constellatus subsp. constellatus) which was masked by the simultaneous occurrence of HZO in this patient, resulting in delayed diagnosis. Conclusions CST may be obscured by HZO, prompt diagnosis and treatment is necessary when such case arrive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hye Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Presbyterian Medical Center, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Hyun Joo Heo
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Presbyterian Medical Center, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Ki Man Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Presbyterian Medical Center, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Han Gyeol Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Presbyterian Medical Center, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Seung Min Baek
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Presbyterian Medical Center, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Da Wa Jung
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Presbyterian Medical Center, Jeonju, Korea
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Messlinger K, Balcziak LK, Russo AF. Cross-talk signaling in the trigeminal ganglion: role of neuropeptides and other mediators. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2020; 127:431-44. [PMID: 32088764 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-020-02161-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The trigeminal ganglion with its three trigeminal nerve tracts consists mainly of clusters of sensory neurons with their peripheral and central processes. Most neurons are surrounded by satellite glial cells and the axons are wrapped by myelinating and non-myelinating Schwann cells. Trigeminal neurons express various neuropeptides, most notably, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), substance P, and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP). Two types of CGRP receptors are expressed in neurons and satellite glia. A variety of other signal molecules like ATP, nitric oxide, cytokines, and neurotrophic factors are released from trigeminal ganglion neurons and signal to neighboring neurons or satellite glial cells, which can signal back to neurons with same or other mediators. This potential cross-talk of signals involves intracellular mechanisms, including gene expression, that can modulate mediators of sensory information, such as neuropeptides, receptors, and neurotrophic factors. From the ganglia cell bodies, which are outside the blood–brain barrier, the mediators are further distributed to peripheral sites and/or to the spinal trigeminal nucleus in the brainstem, where they can affect neural transmission. A major question is how the sensory neurons in the trigeminal ganglion differ from those in the dorsal root ganglion. Despite their functional overlap, there are distinct differences in their ontogeny, gene expression, signaling pathways, and responses to anti-migraine drugs. Consequently, drugs that modulate cross-talk in the trigeminal ganglion can modulate both peripheral and central sensitization, which may potentially be distinct from sensitization mediated in the dorsal root ganglion.
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Abstract
Oxytocin (OXT) regulates adult social behavior and has been implicated in its development. Because mammalian milk contains OXT and we have recently identified OXT receptors (OXTR) in the face and oronasal cavity of pre-weaning mice, we hypothesize that orally applied OXT may impact brain activity and acute behavior in developing mice. Oral OXT may have effects in the absence of sensory stimulation or perhaps by modulating sensory input, such as whisker stimulation. The present study investigates the acute c-Fos response in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) and along whisker sensory processing brain regions (trigeminothalamocortical circuit) to orally applied OXT, compared to saline, with and without whisker stimulation in postnatal day (P) 14 and P21 male and female mice. Acute behavioral responses were also quantified after oral OXT with whisker stimulation in a non-social context. Oral OXT with and without whisker stimulation increased c-Fos activity in the PVN of males and decreased c-Fos in the ventroposterior medial thalamus in both males and females compared to saline. Additionally, oral OXT with whisker stimulation decreased c-Fos activity across whisker sensory processing brain regions in males and females and decreased c-Fos activity in the trigeminal motor nucleus of females. Lastly, oral OXT with whisker stimulation increased males' locomotor behavior and decreased females' oromotor behavior compared to saline-treated controls. These data indicate that orally applied OXT has acute brain and behavioral effects on developing mice. OXT-modulated sensory signals may bias brain and behavior development toward the social world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal Tabbaa
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Elizabeth A D Hammock
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA.
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Won L, Kraig RP. Insulin-like growth factor-1 inhibits spreading depression-induced trigeminal calcitonin gene related peptide, oxidative stress & neuronal activation in rat. Brain Res 2020; 1732:146673. [PMID: 31978377 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.146673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Migraineurs can show brain hyperexcitability and oxidative stress that may promote headache. Since hyperexcitability can enhance oxidative stress which promotes hyperexcitability, ending this feed-back loop may reduce migraine. Neocortical spreading depression, an animal model of migraine begins with hyperexcitability and triggers oxidative stress in the neocortical area involved and in the trigeminal system, which is important to pain pathway nociceptive activation in migraine. Additionally, oxidative stress causes increased trigeminal ganglion calcitonin gene-related peptide release and oxidative stress can reduce spreading depression threshold. Insulin-like growth factor-1 significantly protects against spreading depression in vitro by reducing oxidative stress and it is effective against spreading depression after intranasal delivery to animals. Here, we used adult male rats and extend this work to study the trigeminal system where insulin-like growth factor-1 receptors are highly expressed. Recurrent neocortical spreading depression significantly increased surrogate markers of trigeminal activation - immunostaining for trigeminal ganglion oxidative stress, calcitonin gene related peptide levels and c-fos in the trigeminocervical complex versus sham. These effects were significantly reduced by intranasal delivery of insulin-like growth factor-1 a day before recurrent neocortical spreading depression. Furthermore, intranasal treatment with insulin-like growth factor-1 significantly reduced naïve levels of trigeminal ganglion calcitonin gene related peptide versus sham with no impact on blood glucose levels. Intranasal delivery of insulin-like growth factor-1 not only mitigates neocortical spreading depression, a cause of migraine hyperexcitability modeled in animals, but also when neocortical spreading depression is triggered by supra-threshold stimuli, insulin-like growth factor-1 effectively reduces nociceptive activation in the trigeminal system.
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60
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Hu J, Huang Y, Lin Y, Lin J. Protective effect inhibiting the expression of miR-181a on the diabetic corneal nerve in a mouse model. Exp Eye Res 2020; 192:107925. [PMID: 31926967 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2020.107925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the protective effect of inhibiting miR-181a on diabetic corneal nerve in mice, we chose male C57BL/6 mice with streptozotocin (STZ) -induced diabetes as animal models. The expression of miR-181a in trigeminal ganglion tissue (TG) of diabetic mice was detected by real-time PCR. In vitro, we cultured mouse trigeminal ganglion neurons and measured the neuronal axon growth when treated under miR-181a antagomir and negative conditions (NTC). Immunofluorescence showed a significant increase in neuronal axon length in trigeminal ganglion cells treated with miR-181a antagomir. In animal models, we performed epithelial scraping and subconjunctival injection of the miR-181a antagomir and miRNA antagomir NTC to observe the corneal nerve repair by corneal nerve staining. miR-181a antagomir subconjunctival injection significantly increased the corneal epithelium healing of diabetic mice compared with that of the NTC group. Meanwhile, corneal nerve staining showed that the repair of corneal nerve endings was significantly promoted. As the targets of the 181a, ATG5 and BCL-2 were previously identified. The results of Western blot showed that the expression of autophagy associated protein ATG5 and LC3B-II and the expression of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 were decreased in the high-glucose cell culture environment and the diabetic TG tissue. The expression of ATG5, LC3B-II and Bcl-2 were significantly increased after miR-181a antagomir treatment compared with negative control group. This study showed that inhibition of miR-181a expression in diabetic mice could increase ATG5-mediated autophagic activation, BCL-2-mediated inhibition of apoptosis, and promote the growth of trigeminal sensory neurons and the regeneration of corneal nerve fibers. It has a protective effect on diabetic corneal neuropathy.
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Soma K, Shinoda M, Hayashi Y, Kanno K, Shirakwa T, Iwata K. Involvement of TNFα in the enhancement of hypersensitivity in the adulthood-injured face associated with facial injury in infancy. Neurosci Res 2020; 161:18-23. [PMID: 31917166 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2019.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the mechanisms underlying acceleration of hypersensitivity in the adulthood-injured face following facial injury in infants, we developed the rats model with facial skin injury in infants and adulthoods (incision + incision), and facial skin suture in infants and facial skin injury in adulthoods (sham + incision), and analyzed the mechanical head-withdrawal threshold (MHWT) of the facial skin, immunohistochemical analysis of trigeminal ganglion (TG) and the effects of intra-ganglionic administration of neutralizing ant-TNFα antibody and recombinant TNFα on nocifensive behavior. The MHWT became considerably lower in incision + incision rats than in sham + incision rats at 10-14 days after the surgery. We observed many TG neurons encircled by glial fibrillary acidic protein-immunoreactive (GFAP-IR) cells and those exhibited TNFα immunoreactivity. TNFα was also expressed in GFAP-IR cells in incision + inicision TG. TNFα protein levels and the relative number of TNFα-IR cells were significantly higher in incision + incision rats than in sham + incision rats. The MHWT was significantly recovered during the intra-ganglionic administration of neutralizing anti-TNFα antibody 4-14 days after the incision. Furthermore, the MHWT was significantly decreased in sham + incision rats following the intra-ganglionic administration of recombinant TNFα. The present findings suggest that the neuron-satellite glial cell communication via TNFα is a critical mechanism in the enhancement of mechanical hypersensitivity in the adulthood-injured face following facial injury in infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumi Soma
- Departments of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Nihon University, Tokyo Japan
| | - Masamichi Shinoda
- Departments of Physiology, School of Dentistry, Nihon University, Tokyo Japan
| | - Yoshinori Hayashi
- Departments of Physiology, School of Dentistry, Nihon University, Tokyo Japan
| | - Kohei Kanno
- Departments of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Nihon University, Tokyo Japan
| | - Tetsuo Shirakwa
- Departments of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Nihon University, Tokyo Japan
| | - Koichi Iwata
- Departments of Physiology, School of Dentistry, Nihon University, Tokyo Japan.
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Chen J, Prem A, Yang G, Cui D. Use Stereoscopic Model in Interventional and Surgical Procedures. Adv Exp Med Biol 2019; 1205:11-24. [PMID: 31894567 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-31904-5_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The 3-dimensional (3D) stereoscopic modeling software allows anatomists to create high-resolution 3D models from computed tomography (CT) images. In this paper, we used high resolution CT images from a cadaver and a patient to develop clinically relevant anatomic models that can be used to teach surgical trainees different surgical procedures and approaches. The model facilitates visualization, manipulation, and interaction. It can be presented in stereoscopic 3D in a virtual environment, either in a classroom setting or immediately preceding a surgical procedure.
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Sawtell NM, Thompson RL. HSV Mutant Generation and Dual Detection Methods for Gaining Insight into Latent/Lytic Cycles In Vivo. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2060:219-239. [PMID: 31617181 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9814-2_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Two important components of a useful strategy to examine viral gene function, regulation, and pathogenesis in vivo are (1) a highly efficient protocol to generate viral mutants that limits undesired mutation and retains full replication competency in vivo, and (2) an efficient system to detect and quantify viral promoter activity and gene expression in rare cells in vivo and to gain insight into the surrounding tissue environment. Our strategy and protocols for generating, characterizing, and employing HSV viral promoter/reporter mutants in vivo are provided in this two-part chapter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy M Sawtell
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Richard L Thompson
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry, and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Edvinsson JCA, Warfvinge K, Krause DN, Blixt FW, Sheykhzade M, Edvinsson L, Haanes KA. C-fibers may modulate adjacent Aδ-fibers through axon-axon CGRP signaling at nodes of Ranvier in the trigeminal system. J Headache Pain 2019; 20:105. [PMID: 31718551 PMCID: PMC6852900 DOI: 10.1186/s10194-019-1055-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) towards CGRP or the CGRP receptor show good prophylactic antimigraine efficacy. However, their site of action is still elusive. Due to lack of passage of mAbs across the blood-brain barrier the trigeminal system has been suggested a possible site of action because it lacks blood-brain barrier and hence is available to circulating molecules. The trigeminal ganglion (TG) harbors two types of neurons; half of which store CGRP and the rest that express CGRP receptor elements (CLR/RAMP1). Methods With specific immunohistochemistry methods, we demonstrated the localization of CGRP, CLR, RAMP1, and their locations related to expression of the paranodal marker contactin-associated protein 1 (CASPR). Furthermore, we studied functional CGRP release separately from the neuron soma and the part with only nerve fibers of the trigeminal ganglion, using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results Antibodies towards CGRP and CLR/RAMP1 bind to two different populations of neurons in the TG and are found in the C- and the myelinated Aδ-fibers, respectively, within the dura mater and in trigeminal ganglion (TG). CASPR staining revealed paranodal areas of the different myelinated fibers inhabiting the TG and dura mater. Double immunostaining with CASPR and RAMP1 or the functional CGRP receptor antibody (AA58) revealed co-localization of the two peptides in the paranodal region which suggests the presence of the CGRP-receptor. Double immunostaining with CGRP and CASPR revealed that thin C-fibers have CGRP-positive boutons which often localize in close proximity to the nodal areas of the CGRP-receptor positive Aδ-fibers. These boutons are pearl-like synaptic structures, and we show CGRP release from fibers dissociated from their neuronal bodies. In addition, we found that adjacent to the CGRP receptor localization in the node of Ranvier there was PKA immunoreactivity (kinase stimulated by cAMP), providing structural possibility to modify conduction activity within the Aδ-fibers. Conclusion We observed a close relationship between the CGRP containing C-fibers and the Aδ-fibers containing the CGRP-receptor elements, suggesting a point of axon-axon interaction for the released CGRP and a site of action for gepants and the novel mAbs to alleviate migraine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob C A Edvinsson
- Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet-Glostrup, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences,
- University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karin Warfvinge
- Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet-Glostrup, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Experimental Vascular Research, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Diana N Krause
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Experimental Vascular Research, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Frank W Blixt
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Majid Sheykhzade
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences,
- University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Edvinsson
- Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet-Glostrup, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Experimental Vascular Research, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Kristian A Haanes
- Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet-Glostrup, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Lin J, Zhang YY, Liu F, Fang XY, Liu MK, Huang CL, Wang H, Liao DQ, Zhou C, Shen JF. The P2Y 14 receptor in the trigeminal ganglion contributes to the maintenance of inflammatory pain. Neurochem Int 2019; 131:104567. [PMID: 31586590 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2019.104567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
P2Y purinergic receptors expressed in neurons and satellite glial cells (SGCs) of the trigeminal ganglion (TG) contribute to inflammatory and neuropathic pain. P2Y14 receptor expression is reported in the spinal cord, dorsal root ganglion (DRG), and TG. In present study, the role of P2Y14 receptor in the TG in inflammatory orofacial pain of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats was investigated. Peripheral injection of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) induced mechanical hyperalgesia with the rapid upregulation of P2Y14 receptor, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), C-C chemokine CCL2, phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (p-ERK1/2), and phosphorylated p38 (p-p38) proteins in the TG. Furthermore, immunofluorescence staining confirmed the CFA-induced upregulation of P2Y14 receptor. Double immunostaining showed that P2Y14 receptor colocalized with glutamine synthetase (GS) and neuronal nuclei (NeuN). Finally, trigeminal injection of a selective antagonist (PPTN) of P2Y14 receptor attenuated CFA-induced mechanical hyperalgesia. PPTN also decreased the upregulation of the GFAP, IL-1β, TNF-α, CCL2, p-ERK1/2, and p-p38 proteins. Our findings showed that P2Y14 receptor in TG may contribute to orofacial inflammatory pain via regulating SGCs activation, releasing cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α, and CCL2), and phosphorylating ERK1/2 and p38.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiu Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yan-Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Fei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xin-Yi Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Meng-Ke Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Chao-Lan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Hang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Da-Qing Liao
- Laboratory of Anesthesia & Critical Care Medicine, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Cheng Zhou
- Laboratory of Anesthesia & Critical Care Medicine, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jie-Fei Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Feldman-Goriachnik R, Hanani M. The effects of sympathetic nerve damage on satellite glial cells in the mouse superior cervical ganglion. Auton Neurosci 2019; 221:102584. [PMID: 31494528 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2019.102584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Neurons in sensory, sympathetic, and parasympathetic ganglia are surrounded by satellite glial cell (SGCs). There is little information on the effects of nerve damage on SGCs in autonomic ganglia. We studied the consequences of damage to sympathetic nerve terminals by 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) on SGCs in the mouse superior cervical ganglia (Sup-CG). Immunostaining revealed that at 1-30 d post-6-OHDA injection, SGCs in Sup-CG were activated, as assayed by upregulation of glial fibrillary acidic protein. Intracellular labeling showed that dye coupling between SGCs around different neurons increased 4-6-fold 1-14 d after 6-OHDA injection. Behavioral testing 1-7 d post-6-OHDA showed that withdrawal threshold to tactile stimulation of the hind paws was reduced by 65-85%, consistent with hypersensitivity. A single intraperitoneal injection of the gap junction blocker carbenoxolone restored normal tactile thresholds in 6-OHDA-treated mice, suggesting a contribution of SGC gap junctions to pain. Using calcium imaging we found that after 6-OHDA treatment responses of SGCs to ATP were increased by about 30% compared with controls, but responses to ACh were reduced by 48%. The same experiments for SGCs in trigeminal ganglia from 6-OHDA injected mice showed no difference from controls, confirming that 6-OHDA acted selectively on sympathetic nerves. However, systemic inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide did not affect SGCs of Sup-CG, but did influence SGCs in trigeminal ganglia in the same manner as 6-OHDA did on SGCs in Sup-CG. We conclude that even though SGCs in sympathetic and sensory ganglia are morphologically similar, they are quite different functionally, particularly after damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Feldman-Goriachnik
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Mount Scopus, Jerusalem 91240, Israel; Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Menachem Hanani
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Mount Scopus, Jerusalem 91240, Israel; Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel.
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Vidondo B, Stettler S, Stojiljkovic A, Mogel H, Gaschen V, Spadavecchia C, Casoni D, Stoffel MH. Assessment of potential neuropathic changes in cattle after cautery disbudding. Res Vet Sci 2019; 126:9-16. [PMID: 31419617 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2019.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Disbudding of calves is a standard husbandry procedure to reduce the risk of injuries to other cattle and to workers. Whereas acute pain resulting from disbudding has been studied extensively, little is known about chronic pain as a potential long-term consequence. The goal of the present study was to investigate possible morphological changes in the cornual nerve as a function of disbudding. Samples were collected from 17 randomly selected bulls and from 21 calves from a prospective clinical study. Among the calves, 13 were disbudded and 8 were sham-disbudded. Out of the disbudded calves, 4 showed signs of chronic pain. In all the animals, the infraorbital nerve was used as a methodological check. Morphological analysis included measuring minimal diameters of the axons present in both the cornual and infraorbital nerves. Sympathetic fibers were identified as based on the presence of Tyroxine hydroxylase (TH). TH-negative fibers were considered afferents. Trigeminal ganglia from the calves were immunostained for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and Activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3). R. cornualis and N. infraorbitalis differed in terms of axon diameters and proportion of TH-positive fibers. Weak evidence (p > .091) of a difference in axon diameters between control and disbudded calves was found in R. cornualis, but the proportion of TH-positive fibers was alike in both groups. Average glial envelope and the percentages of ATF3-positive neurons revealed no difference between calves with and without signs of pain. Thus, available evidence is insufficient to support neuropathic changes as a result of disbudding in calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Vidondo
- Veterinary Public Health Institute, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, POB 3350, CH - 3001 Bern, Switzerland
| | - S Stettler
- Division of Veterinary Anatomy, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, POB 3350, CH - 3001 Bern, Switzerland
| | - A Stojiljkovic
- Division of Veterinary Anatomy, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, POB 3350, CH - 3001 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - H Mogel
- Division of Veterinary Anatomy, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, POB 3350, CH - 3001 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - V Gaschen
- Division of Veterinary Anatomy, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, POB 3350, CH - 3001 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - C Spadavecchia
- Division of Veterinary Anesthesia, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, POB 3350, CH - 3001 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - D Casoni
- Division of Veterinary Anesthesia, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, POB 3350, CH - 3001 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - M H Stoffel
- Division of Veterinary Anatomy, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, POB 3350, CH - 3001 Bern, Switzerland.
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68
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Marzban H, Rahimi-Balaei M, Hawkes R. Early trigeminal ganglion afferents enter the cerebellum before the Purkinje cells are born and target the nuclear transitory zone. Brain Struct Funct 2019; 224:2421-2436. [PMID: 31256239 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-019-01916-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In the standard model for the development of climbing and mossy fiber afferent pathways to the cerebellum, the ingrowing axons target the embryonic Purkinje cell somata (around embryonic ages (E13-E16 in mice). In this report, we describe a novel earlier stage in afferent development. Immunostaining for a neurofilament-associated antigen (NAA) reveals the early axon distributions with remarkable clarity. Using a combination of DiI axon tract tracing, analysis of neurogenin1 null mice, which do not develop trigeminal ganglia, and mouse embryos maintained in vitro, we show that the first axons to innervate the cerebellar primordium as early as E9 arise from the trigeminal ganglion. Therefore, early trigeminal axons are in situ before the Purkinje cells are born. Double immunostaining for NAA and markers of the different domains in the cerebellar primordium reveal that afferents first target the nuclear transitory zone (E9-E10), and only later (E10-E11) are the axons, either collaterals from the trigeminal ganglion or a new afferent source (e.g., vestibular ganglia), seen in the Purkinje cell plate. The finding that the earliest axons to the cerebellum derive from the trigeminal ganglion and enter the cerebellar primordium before the Purkinje cells are born, where they seem to target the cerebellar nuclei, reveals a novel stage in the development of the cerebellar afferents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Marzban
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, The Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba (CHRIM), Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. .,Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Rm 129 BMSB, 745 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0J9, Canada.
| | - Maryam Rahimi-Balaei
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, The Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba (CHRIM), Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Richard Hawkes
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
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Somaza S, Montilla EM, Mora MC. Gamma knife radiosurgery on the trigeminal ganglion for idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia: Results and review of the literature. Surg Neurol Int 2019; 10:89. [PMID: 31528427 PMCID: PMC6744789 DOI: 10.25259/sni-134-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In the present study, we evaluate the results of gamma knife surgery (GKS) for the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia (TN) using the trigeminal ganglion (TG') and the adjacent fibers of trigeminal nerve as a target. Methods From February 2013 to July 2017, we treated 30 cases of TN with GKS. In this group, all patients had an idiopathic typical TN. The radiosurgical target was conformed through two isocenters, 8 and 4 mm at the cavum de Meckel. The maximum dose was 86 Gy using the isodose line of 50%. The median age of the patients was 58.5 (range 28-94) years old, and the median time from diagnosis to GKS was 94 months (range 13-480 months). The median follow-up was 28.5 (range 12-49) months. Clinical outcomes were analyzed. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to evaluate factors that correlated with a favorable, pain-free outcome. Results The mean time to relief of pain was 7 (range 1-40) days. The percentage of patients with significant pain relief was 93.3%. Relapse in pain was noted in four patients at 3, 16, 19, and 36 months. Nine patients were treated in acute status. Fourteen patients had intense pain between 1 and 7 days before the procedure. Among those with the recurrence of their symptoms, one patient had a microvascular decompression. Multivariate regression adjusted for age and sex suggests that, by 40 months, 70% of the patients treated with radiosurgery will remain pain free. At the last follow-up, GKS resulted in pain relief in 86.6% of patients. Our analysis suggests that, using this technique, we can expect that approximately 70% of patients with TN will have some degree of pain improvement at 3 years' post radiosurgery. Conclusions GKS on TG appears to be a reasonable treatment option with short latency period, minor collateral effects, and high percentage of pain control. The mechanism of action of radiosurgery could be related to the inactivation of the satellite glial cells in the TG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvador Somaza
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Centro Diagnostico Docente Las Mercedes, Hospital de Clinicas Caracas, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Eglee M Montilla
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, Centro Diagnostico Docente Las Mercedes, Hospital de Clinicas Caracas, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Maria C Mora
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, United States
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Jin YZ, Zhang P, Hao T, Wang LM, Guo MD, Gan YH. Connexin 43 contributes to temporomandibular joint inflammation induced-hypernociception via sodium channel 1.7 in trigeminal ganglion. Neurosci Lett 2019; 707:134301. [PMID: 31152853 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.134301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that sodium channel 1.7 (Nav1.7) in trigeminal ganglion (TG) was a critical factor in temporomandibular joint (TMJ) inflammation-induced hypernociception, but the mechanism underlying inflammation-induced upregulation of Nav1.7 remained unclear. Glial-neuron interaction plays a critical role in pain process and connexin 43 (Cx43), a gap junction protein expressed in satellite glial cells (SGCs) has been shown to play an important role in several pain models. In the present study, we investigate the role of Cx43 in TMJ inflammation-induced hypernociception and its possible impact on neuronal Nav1.7. We induced TMJ inflammation in rats by injecting complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) into TMJ and observed a decrease in head withdraw threshold after 24 h. Electron microscopy showed morphological alterations of SGCs in TMJ-inflamed rats. The expression of Cx43, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and Nav1.7 increased greatly compared with controls. In addition, pretreatment with Cx43 blockers in TMJ-inflamed rats could alleviate mechanical hypernociception, inhibit SGCs activation and IL-1βrelease, and thus block the upregulation of Nav1.7. These findings indicate that the propagation of SGCs activation via Cx43 plays a critical role in Nav1.7-involved mechanical hypernociception induced by TMJ inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Zhou Jin
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, PR China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, PR China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Shandong, PR China
| | - Ting Hao
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, PR China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Lu-Ming Wang
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, PR China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Mu-Di Guo
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, PR China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Ye-Hua Gan
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, PR China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, PR China.
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He Y, Fan W, Xu Y, Liu YL, He H, Huang F. Distribution and colocalization of melatonin 1a-receptor and NADPH-d in the trigeminal system of rat. PeerJ 2019; 7:e6877. [PMID: 31106073 PMCID: PMC6500374 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Melatonin and nitric oxide (NO) are involved in orofacial signal processing in the trigeminal sensory system. The aim of the present study was to examine the distribution of melatonin 1a-receptor (MT1) and its colocalization with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-diaphorase (NADPH-d) in the spinal trigeminal nucleus (STN), the trigeminal ganglion (TG), and the mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus (MTN) in the rat, using histochemistry and immunohistochemistry. Our results show that MT1-positive neurons are widely distributed in the TG and the subnucleus caudalis of the STN. Furthermore, we found that MT1 colocalizes with NADPH-d throughout the TG and MTN, most extensively in the TG. The distribution pattern of MT1 and its colocalization with NADPH-d indicate that melatonin might play an important role in the trigeminal sensory system, which could be responsible for the regulation of NO levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan He
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenguo Fan
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Xu
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong Liang Liu
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongwen He
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang Huang
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Mikhailov N, Leskinen J, Fagerlund I, Poguzhelskaya E, Giniatullina R, Gafurov O, Malm T, Karjalainen T, Gröhn O, Giniatullin R. Mechanosensitive meningeal nociception via Piezo channels: Implications for pulsatile pain in migraine? Neuropharmacology 2019; 149:113-123. [PMID: 30768945 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent discovery of mechanosensitive Piezo receptors in trigeminal ganglia suggested the novel molecular candidate for generation of migraine pain. However, the contribution of Piezo channels in migraine pathology was not tested yet. Therefore, in this study, we explored a potential involvement of Piezo channels in peripheral trigeminal nociception implicated in generation of migraine pain. METHODS We used immunohistochemistry, calcium imaging, calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) release assay and electrophysiology in mouse and rat isolated trigeminal neurons and rat hemiskulls to study action of various stimulants of Piezo receptors on migraine-related peripheral nociception. RESULTS We found that essential (35%) fraction of isolated rat trigeminal neurons responded to chemical Piezo1 agonist Yoda1 and about a half of Yoda1 positive neurons responded to hypo-osmotic solution (HOS) and a quarter to mechanical stimulation by focused ultrasound (US). In ex vivo hemiskull preparation, Yoda1 and HOS largely activated persistent nociceptive firing in meningeal branches of trigeminal nerve. By using our novel cluster analysis of pain spikes, we demonstrated that 42% of fibers responded to Piezo1 agonist and 20% of trigeminal fibers were activated by Yoda1 and by capsaicin, suggesting expression of Piezo receptors in TRPV1 positive peptidergic nociceptive nerve fibers. Consistent with this, Yoda1 promoted the release of the key migraine mediator CGRP from hemiskull preparation. CONCLUSION Taken together, our data suggest the involvement of mechanosensitive Piezo receptors, in particular, Piezo1 subtype in peripheral trigeminal nociception, which provides a new view on mechanotransduction in migraine pathology and suggests novel molecular targets for anti-migraine medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Mikhailov
- Department of Neurobiology, A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, 70211, Finland
| | - Jarkko Leskinen
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, 70211, Finland
| | - Ilkka Fagerlund
- Department of Neurobiology, A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, 70211, Finland
| | - Ekaterina Poguzhelskaya
- Department of Neurobiology, A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, 70211, Finland
| | - Raisa Giniatullina
- Department of Neurobiology, A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, 70211, Finland
| | - Oleg Gafurov
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, 420008, Russia
| | - Tarja Malm
- Department of Neurobiology, A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, 70211, Finland
| | - Tero Karjalainen
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, 70211, Finland
| | - Olli Gröhn
- Department of Neurobiology, A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, 70211, Finland
| | - Rashid Giniatullin
- Department of Neurobiology, A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, 70211, Finland; Laboratory of Neurobiology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, 420008, Russia.
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Leijon SCM, Neves AF, Breza JM, Simon SA, Chaudhari N, Roper SD. Oral thermosensing by murine trigeminal neurons: modulation by capsaicin, menthol and mustard oil. J Physiol 2019; 597:2045-2061. [PMID: 30656684 DOI: 10.1113/jp277385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Orosensory thermal trigeminal afferent neurons respond to cool, warm, and nociceptive hot temperatures with the majority activated in the cool range. Many of these thermosensitive trigeminal orosensory afferent neurons also respond to capsaicin, menthol, and/or mustard oil (allyl isothiocyanate) at concentrations found in foods and spices. There is significant but incomplete overlap between afferent trigeminal neurons that respond to oral thermal stimulation and to the above chemesthetic compounds. Capsaicin sensitizes warm trigeminal thermoreceptors and orosensory nociceptors; menthol attenuates cool thermoresponses. ABSTRACT When consumed with foods, mint, mustard, and chili peppers generate pronounced oral thermosensations. Here we recorded responses in mouse trigeminal ganglion neurons to investigate interactions between thermal sensing and the active ingredients of these plants - menthol, allyl isothiocyanate (AITC), and capsaicin, respectively - at concentrations found in foods and commercial hygiene products. We carried out in vivo confocal calcium imaging of trigeminal ganglia in which neurons express GCaMP3 or GCAMP6s and recorded their responses to oral stimulation with thermal and the above chemesthetic stimuli. In the V3 (oral sensory) region of the ganglion, thermoreceptive neurons accounted for ∼10% of imaged neurons. We categorized them into three distinct classes: cool-responsive and warm-responsive thermosensors, and nociceptors (responsive only to temperatures ≥43-45 °C). Menthol, AITC, and capsaicin also elicited robust calcium responses that differed markedly in their latencies and durations. Most of the neurons that responded to these chemesthetic stimuli were also thermosensitive. Capsaicin and AITC increased the numbers of warm-responding neurons and shifted the nociceptor threshold to lower temperatures. Menthol attenuated the responses in all classes of thermoreceptors. Our data show that while individual neurons may respond to a narrow temperature range (or even bimodally), taken collectively, the population is able to report on graded changes of temperature. Our findings also substantiate an explanation for the thermal sensations experienced when one consumes pungent spices or mint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara C M Leijon
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Amanda F Neves
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Joseph M Breza
- Department of Psychology, Program in Neuroscience, 341J Science Complex, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, MI, 48197, USA
| | - Sidney A Simon
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Nirupa Chaudhari
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, and Program in Neuroscience, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Stephen D Roper
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, and Program in Neuroscience, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
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Celotto L, Eroli F, Nistri A, Vilotti S. Long-term application of cannabinoids leads to dissociation between changes in cAMP and modulation of GABA A receptors of mouse trigeminal sensory neurons. Neurochem Int 2019; 126:74-85. [PMID: 30633953 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Antinociception caused by cannabinoids may have a partial peripheral origin in addition to its central site of action. In fact, we have observed that anandamide selectively and reversibly inhibits GABAA receptors of putative nociceptive neurons of mouse trigeminal sensory ganglia via CB1 receptor activation to inhibit adenylyl cyclase and decrease cAMP with downstream posttranslational alterations. Since cannabinoids are often used chronically, we studied changes in cAMP levels and GABA-mediated currents of trigeminal neurons following 24 h application of anandamide (0.5 μM) or the synthetic cannabinoid WIN 55,212-2 (5 μM). With this protocol GABA responses were similar to control despite persistent fall in cAMP levels. Inhibition by WIN 55,212-2 of GABA effects recovered after 30 min washout and was not associated with changes in CB1 receptor expression, indicating lack of CB1 receptor inactivation and transient loss of negative coupling between CB1 receptors and GABAA receptors. The phosphodiesterase inhibitor rolipram (100 μM; 24 h) enhanced cAMP levels and GABA-mediated currents, suggesting GABAA receptors were sensitive to persistent upregulation via cAMP. While the adenylyl cyclase activator forskolin (1-20 μM) facilitated cAMP levels and GABA currents following 30 min application, this action was lost after 24 h in line with the drug limited lifespan. The PKA inhibitor PKI 14-22 (10 μM) increased cAMP without changing GABA currents. These data indicate that modulation of GABAA receptors by intracellular cAMP could be lost following persistent application of cannabinoids. Thus, these observations provide an insight into the waning antinociceptive effects of these compounds.
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75
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Zhang FX, Ge SN, Dong YL, Shi J, Feng YP, Li Y, Li YQ, Li JL. Vesicular glutamate transporter isoforms: The essential players in the somatosensory systems. Prog Neurobiol 2018; 171:72-89. [PMID: 30273635 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2018.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In nervous system, glutamate transmission is crucial for centripetal conveyance and cortical perception of sensory signals of different modalities, which necessitates vesicular glutamate transporters 1-3 (VGLUT 1-3), the three homologous membrane-bound protein isoforms, to load glutamate into the presysnaptic vesicles. These VGLUTs, especially VGLUT1 and VGLUT2, selectively label and define functionally distinct neuronal subpopulations at each relay level of the neural hierarchies comprising spinal and trigeminal sensory systems. In this review, by scrutinizing each structure of the organism's fundamental hierarchies including dorsal root/trigeminal ganglia, spinal dorsal horn/trigeminal sensory nuclear complex, somatosensory thalamic nuclei and primary somatosensory cortex, we summarize and characterize in detail within each relay the neuronal clusters expressing distinct VGLUT protein/transcript isoforms, with respect to their regional distribution features (complementary distribution in some structures), axonal terminations/peripheral innervations and physiological functions. Equally important, the distribution pattern and characteristics of VGLUT1/VGLUT2 axon terminals within these structures are also epitomized. Finally, the correlation of a particular VGLUT isoform and its physiological role, disclosed thus far largely via studying the peripheral receptors, is generalized by referring to reports on global and conditioned VGLUT-knockout mice. Also, researches on VGLUTs relating to future direction are tentatively proposed, such as unveiling the elusive differences between distinct VGLUTs in mechanism and/or pharmacokinetics at ionic/molecular level, and developing VGLUT-based pain killers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Xing Zhang
- Department of Anatomy and K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, School of Basic Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China
| | - Shun-Nan Ge
- Department of Anatomy and K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, School of Basic Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China; Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, PR China
| | - Yu-Lin Dong
- Department of Anatomy and K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, School of Basic Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China
| | - Juan Shi
- Department of Anatomy and K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, School of Basic Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China
| | - Yu-Peng Feng
- Department of Anatomy and K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, School of Basic Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, PR China
| | - Yun-Qing Li
- Department of Anatomy and K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, School of Basic Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China.
| | - Jin-Lian Li
- Department of Anatomy and K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, School of Basic Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China.
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Sundararajan S, Loevner LA, Mohan S. Mandibular Myalgia and Miniscule Meckel's Caves. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec 2018; 80:103-107. [PMID: 29996129 DOI: 10.1159/000489462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Trigeminal neuropathy manifests as episodic sharp, shooting pain in the maxillofacial region. Contributory etiologies are myriad, ranging from central pathology affecting its origin in the brainstem to peripheral processes affecting their distal-most insertion sites. We present a case of bilateral hypoplastic Meckel's caves in an adult patient leading to the clinical symptomology of trigeminal neuralgia. To the best of our knowledge, this is the only report of its kind highlighting this anatomic variant.
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Chatchaisak D, Connor M, Srikiatkhachorn A, Chetsawang B. The potentiating effect of calcitonin gene-related peptide on transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 activity and the electrophysiological responses of rat trigeminal neurons to nociceptive stimuli. J Physiol Sci 2018; 68:261-268. [PMID: 28205139 PMCID: PMC10717096 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-017-0529-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) participates in trigeminal nociceptive responses. However, the role of CGRP in sensitization or desensitization of nociceptive transduction remains poorly understood. In this study, we sought to further investigate the CGRP-induced up-regulation of transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 (TRPV1) and the responses of trigeminal neurons to nociceptive stimuli. Rat trigeminal ganglion (TG) organ cultures and isolated trigeminal neurons were incubated with CGRP. An increase in TRPV1 levels was observed in CGRP-incubated TG organ cultures. CGRP potentiated capsaicin-induced increase in phosphorylated CaMKII levels in the TG organ cultures. The incubation of the trigeminal neurons with CGRP significantly increased the inward currents in response to capsaicin challenge, and this effect was inhibited by co-incubation with the CGRP receptor antagonist, BIBN4068BS or the inhibitor of protein kinase A, H-89. These findings reveal that CGRP acting on trigeminal neurons may play a significant role in facilitating cellular events that contribute to the peripheral sensitization of the TG in nociceptive transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duangthip Chatchaisak
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhonpathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Mark Connor
- Australian School of Advanced Medicine, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Anan Srikiatkhachorn
- International Medical College, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Banthit Chetsawang
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhonpathom, 73170, Thailand.
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78
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Zhang P, Bi RY, Gan YH. Glial interleukin-1β upregulates neuronal sodium channel 1.7 in trigeminal ganglion contributing to temporomandibular joint inflammatory hypernociception in rats. J Neuroinflammation 2018; 15:117. [PMID: 29678208 PMCID: PMC5910598 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-018-1154-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β) drives pain by inducing the expression of inflammatory mediators; however, its ability to regulate sodium channel 1.7 (Nav1.7), a key driver of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) hypernociception, remains unknown. IL-1β induces cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). We previously showed that PGE2 upregulated trigeminal ganglionic Nav1.7 expression. Satellite glial cells (SGCs) involve in inflammatory pain through glial cytokines. Therefore, we explored here in the trigeminal ganglion (TG) whether IL-1β upregulated Nav1.7 expression and whether the IL-1β located in the SGCs upregulated Nav1.7 expression in the neurons contributing to TMJ inflammatory hypernociception. Methods We treated rat TG explants with IL-1β with or without inhibitors, including NS398 for COX-2, PF-04418948 for EP2, and H89 and PKI-(6-22)-amide for protein kinase A (PKA), or with adenylate cyclase agonist forskolin, and used real-time PCR, Western blot, and immunohistofluorescence to determine the expressions or locations of Nav1.7, COX-2, cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation, and IL-1β. We used chromatin immunoprecipitation to examine CREB binding to the Nav1.7 promoter. Finally, we microinjected IL-1β into the TGs or injected complete Freund’s adjuvant into TMJs with or without previous microinjection of fluorocitrate, an inhibitor of SGCs activation, into the TGs, and evaluated nociception and gene expressions. Differences between groups were examined by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) or independent samples t test. Results IL-1β upregulated Nav1.7 mRNA and protein expressions in the TG explants, whereas NS398, PF-04418948, H89, or PKI-(6-22)-amide could all block this upregulation, and forskolin could also upregulate Nav1.7 mRNA and protein expressions. IL-1β enhanced CREB binding to the Nav1.7 promoter. Microinjection of IL-1β into the TGs or TMJ inflammation both induced hypernociception of TMJ region and correspondingly upregulated COX-2, phospho-CREB, and Nav1.7 expressions in the TGs. Moreover, microinjection of fluorocitrate into the TGs completely blocked TMJ inflammation-induced activation of SGCs and the upregulation of IL-1β and COX-2 in the SGCs, and phospho-CREB and Nav1.7 in the neurons and alleviated inflammation-induced TMJ hypernociception. Conclusions Glial IL-1β upregulated neuronal Nav1.7 expression via the crosstalk between signaling pathways of the glial IL-1β/COX-2/PGE2 and the neuronal EP2/PKA/CREB/Nav1.7 in TG contributing to TMJ inflammatory hypernociception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun Avenue South, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China.,Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun Avenue South, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China.,Center for TMD & Orofacial Pain, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun Avenue South, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Rui-Yun Bi
- The Third Dental Center, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 10 Huayuan Lu, Haidian District, Beijing, 100088, China
| | - Ye-Hua Gan
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun Avenue South, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China. .,Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun Avenue South, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China. .,Center for TMD & Orofacial Pain, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun Avenue South, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China.
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Hawkins JL, Moore NJ, Miley D, Durham PL. Secondary traumatic stress increases expression of proteins implicated in peripheral and central sensitization of trigeminal neurons. Brain Res 2018. [PMID: 29522721 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The pathology of migraine, a common neurological disease, involves sensitization and activation of trigeminal nociceptive neurons to promote hyperalgesia and allodynia during an attack. Migraineurs often exhibit characteristics of a hyperexcitable or hypervigilant nervous system. One of the primary reported risk factors for development of a hyperexcitable trigeminal system is chronic, unmanaged stress and anxiety. While primary traumatic stress is a commonly cited risk factor for many pain conditions, exposure to secondary traumatic stress early in life is also thought to be a contributing risk factor. The goal of this study was to investigate cellular changes within the spinal trigeminal nucleus and trigeminal ganglion mediated by secondary traumatic stress. Male Sprague Dawley rats (sender) were subjected to forced swim testing (primary traumatic stress) and were then housed in close visual, olfactory, and auditory proximity to the breeding male and female rats, pregnant female rats, or female rats and their nursing offspring (all receivers). In response to secondary stress, levels of calcitonin gene-related peptide, active forms of the mitogen activated protein kinases ERK, JNK, and p38, and astrocyte expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein were significantly elevated in the spinal trigeminal nucleus in day 45 offspring when compared to naïve offspring. In addition, increased nuclear expression of ERK and p38 was observed in trigeminal ganglion neurons. Our results demonstrate that secondary traumatic stress promotes cellular events associated with prolonged trigeminal sensitization in the offspring, and provides a mechanism of how early life stress may function as a risk factor for migraine.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Hawkins
- Missouri State University, JVIC-CBLS, 524 North Boonville Avenue, Springfield, MO 65806, United States
| | - N J Moore
- Missouri State University, JVIC-CBLS, 524 North Boonville Avenue, Springfield, MO 65806, United States
| | - D Miley
- Missouri State University, JVIC-CBLS, 524 North Boonville Avenue, Springfield, MO 65806, United States
| | - P L Durham
- Missouri State University, JVIC-CBLS, 524 North Boonville Avenue, Springfield, MO 65806, United States.
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80
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Rensetti DE, Marin MS, Morán PE, Odeón AC, Verna AE, Pérez SE. Bovine herpesvirus type 5 replication and induction of apoptosis in vitro and in the trigeminal ganglion of experimentally-infected cattle. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2018; 57:8-14. [PMID: 30017083 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Bovine herpesvirus (BoHV) types 1 and 5 are neuroinvasive. Cases of BoHV-1-induced encephalitis are not as frequent as those caused by BoHV-5. In this study, the capability of BoHV-5 to induce apoptosis in cell cultures and in the trigeminal ganglion during acute infection of experimentally-infected cattle was analyzed. Apoptotic changes in cell cultures agree with the ability of the viral strains to replicate in each cell line. Marked differences were observed between the in vitro induction of apoptosis by BoHV-1Cooper and BoHV-5 97/613 strains. Apoptotic neurons were clearly evident in the trigeminal ganglion of BoHV-1-infected calves. For BoHV-5 a fewer number of positive neurons was observed. There is an association between the magnitude of bovine herpesviruses replication and the induction of apoptosis in trigeminal ganglion. These findings suggest that the induction of apoptosis and the innate immune response orchestrate the final outcome of alpha herpesviruses infection of the bovine nervous system.
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81
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Delwig A, Chaney SY, Bertke AS, Verweij J, Quirce S, Larsen DD, Yang C, Buhr E, VAN Gelder R, Gallar J, Margolis T, Copenhagen DR. Melanopsin expression in the cornea. Vis Neurosci 2018; 35:E004. [PMID: 29905117 PMCID: PMC6203320 DOI: 10.1017/s0952523817000359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A unique class of intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells in mammalian retinae has been recently discovered and characterized. These neurons can generate visual signals in the absence of inputs from rods and cones, the conventional photoreceptors in the visual system. These light sensitive ganglion cells (mRGCs) express the non-rod, non-cone photopigment melanopsin and play well documented roles in modulating pupil responses to light, photoentrainment of circadian rhythms, mood, sleep and other adaptive light functions. While most research efforts in mammals have focused on mRGCs in retina, recent studies reveal that melanopsin is expressed in non-retinal tissues. For example, light-evoked melanopsin activation in extra retinal tissue regulates pupil constriction in the iris and vasodilation in the vasculature of the heart and tail. As another example of nonretinal melanopsin expression we report here the previously unrecognized localization of this photopigment in nerve fibers within the cornea. Surprisingly, we were unable to detect light responses in the melanopsin-expressing corneal fibers in spite of our histological evidence based on genetically driven markers and antibody staining. We tested further for melanopsin localization in cell bodies of the trigeminal ganglia (TG), the principal nuclei of the peripheral nervous system that project sensory fibers to the cornea, and found expression of melanopsin mRNA in a subset of TG neurons. However, neither electrophysiological recordings nor calcium imaging revealed any light responsiveness in the melanopsin positive TG neurons. Given that we found no light-evoked activation of melanopsin-expressing fibers in cornea or in cell bodies in the TG, we propose that melanopsin protein might serve other sensory functions in the cornea. One justification for this idea is that melanopsin expressed in Drosophila photoreceptors can serve as a temperature sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Delwig
- Department of Ophthalmology,School of Medicine,University of California San Francisco,San Francisco,California
| | - Shawnta Y Chaney
- Department of Ophthalmology,School of Medicine,University of California San Francisco,San Francisco,California
| | - Andrea S Bertke
- Proctor Foundation,School of Medicine,University of California San Francisco,San Francisco,California
| | - Jan Verweij
- Department of Ophthalmology,School of Medicine,University of California San Francisco,San Francisco,California
| | - Susana Quirce
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante,Universidad Miguel Hernandez-CSIC,San Juan de Alicante,Spain
| | - Delaine D Larsen
- Department of Ophthalmology,School of Medicine,University of California San Francisco,San Francisco,California
| | - Cindy Yang
- Department of Anatomy,School of Medicine,University of California San Francisco,San Francisco,California
| | - Ethan Buhr
- Department of Ophthalmology,School of Medicine,University of Washington,Seattle,Washington
| | - Russell VAN Gelder
- Department of Ophthalmology,School of Medicine,University of Washington,Seattle,Washington
| | - Juana Gallar
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante,Universidad Miguel Hernandez-CSIC,San Juan de Alicante,Spain
| | - Todd Margolis
- Department of Ophthalmology,School of Medicine,University of California San Francisco,San Francisco,California
| | - David R Copenhagen
- Department of Ophthalmology,School of Medicine,University of California San Francisco,San Francisco,California
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Batbold D, Shinoda M, Honda K, Furukawa A, Koizumi M, Akasaka R, Yamaguchi S, Iwata K. Macrophages in trigeminal ganglion contribute to ectopic mechanical hypersensitivity following inferior alveolar nerve injury in rats. J Neuroinflammation 2017; 14:249. [PMID: 29246259 PMCID: PMC5732495 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-017-1022-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Accidental mandibular nerve injury may occur during tooth extraction or implant procedures, causing ectopic orofacial pain. The exact mechanisms underlying ectopic orofacial pain following mandibular nerve injury is still unknown. Here, we investigated the role of macrophages and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) in the trigeminal ganglion (TG) in ectopic orofacial pain following inferior alveolar nerve transection (IANX). Methods IANX was performed and the mechanical head-withdrawal threshold (MHWT) in the whisker pad skin ipsilateral to IANX was measured for 15 days. Expression of Iba1 in the TG was examined on day 3 after IANX, and the MHWT in the whisker pad skin ipsilateral to IANX was measured following successive intra-ganglion administration of the macrophage depletion agent liposomal clodronate Clophosome-A (LCCA). TNFα expression in the TG and the MHWT in the whisker pad skin ipsilateral to IANX following successive intra-ganglion administration of the TNFα blocker etanercept were measured on day 3 after IANX, and tumor necrosis factor receptor-1 (TNFR1) immunoreactive (IR) cells in the TG were analyzed immunohistochemically on day 3. Results The MHWT in the whisker pad skin was significantly decreased for 15 days, and the number of Iba1-IR cells was significantly increased in the TG on day 3 after IANX. Successive intra-ganglion administration of the macrophage depletion agent LCCA significantly reduced the increased number of Iba1-IR cells in the TG and reversed the IANX-induced decrease in MHWT in the whisker pad skin. TNFα expression was increased in the TG on day 3 after IANX and was reduced following successive intra-ganglion administration of the TNFα inhibitor etanercept. The decreased MHWT was also recovered by etanercept administration, and TNFR1-IR cells in the TG were increased on day 3 following IANX. Conclusions These findings suggest that signaling cascades resulting from the production of TNFα by infiltrated macrophages in the TG contributes to the development of ectopic mechanical allodynia in whisker pad skin following IANX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dulguun Batbold
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
| | - Masamichi Shinoda
- Department of Physiology, School of Dentistry, Nihon University, 1-8-13 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan.
| | - Kuniya Honda
- Department of Physiology, School of Dentistry, Nihon University, 1-8-13 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan
| | - Akihiko Furukawa
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Dentistry, Nihon University, 1-8-13 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan
| | - Momoko Koizumi
- Department of Dentistry, Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Ryuta Akasaka
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Dentistry, Nihon University, 1-8-13 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamaguchi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
| | - Koichi Iwata
- Department of Physiology, School of Dentistry, Nihon University, 1-8-13 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan
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Fujita M, Sato T, Yajima T, Masaki E, Ichikawa H. TRPC1, TRPC3, and TRPC4 in Rat Orofacial Structures. Cells Tissues Organs 2017; 204:293-303. [PMID: 28697491 DOI: 10.1159/000477665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
TRPC (transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily C) members are nonselective monovalent cation channels and control Ca2+ inflow. In this study, immunohistochemistry for TRPC1, TRPC3, and TRPC4 was performed on rat oral and craniofacial structures to elucidate their distribution and function in the peripheries. In the trigeminal ganglion (TG), 56.1, 84.1, and 68.3% of sensory neurons were immunoreactive (IR) for TRPC1, TRPC3, and TRPC4, respectively. A double immunofluorescence method revealed that small to medium-sized TG neurons co-expressed TRPCs and calcitonin gene-related peptide. In the superior cervical ganglion, all sympathetic neurons showed TRPC1 and TRPC3 immunoreactivity. Parasympathetic neurons in the submandibular ganglion, tongue, and parotid gland were TRPC1, TRPC3, and TRPC4 IR. Gustatory and olfactory cells were also IR for TRPC1, TRPC3, and/or TRPC4. In the musculature, motor endplates expressed TRPC1 and TRPC4 immunoreactivity. It is likely that TRPCs are associated with sensory, autonomic, and motor functions in oral and craniofacial structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Fujita
- Division of Dento-Oral Anesthesiology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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84
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Fernández-Montoya J, Martin YB, Negredo P, Avendaño C. Changes in the axon terminals of primary afferents from a single vibrissa in the rat trigeminal nuclei after active touch deprivation or exposure to an enriched environment. Brain Struct Funct 2017; 223:47-61. [PMID: 28702736 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-017-1472-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Lasting modifications of sensory input induce structural and functional changes in the brain, but the involvement of primary sensory neurons in this plasticity has been practically ignored. Here, we examine qualitatively and quantitatively the central axonal terminations of a population of trigeminal ganglion neurons, whose peripheral axons innervate a single mystacial vibrissa. Vibrissa follicles are heavily innervated by myelinated and unmyelinated fibers that exit the follicle mainly through a single deep vibrissal nerve. We made intraneural injections of a mixture of cholera-toxin B (CTB) and isolectin B4, tracers for myelinated and unmyelinated fibers, respectively, in three groups of young adult rats: controls, animals subjected to chronic haptic touch deprivation by unilateral whisker trimming, and rats exposed for 2 months to environmental enrichment. The regional and laminar pattern of terminal arborizations in the trigeminal nuclei of the brain stem did not show gross changes after sensory input modification. However, there were significant and widespread increases in the number and size of CTB-labeled varicosities in the enriched condition, and a prominent expansion in both parameters in laminae III-IV of the caudal division of the spinal nucleus in the whisker trimming condition. No obvious changes were detected in IB4-labeled terminals in laminae I-II. These results show that a prolonged exposure to changes in sensory input without any neural damage is capable of inducing structural changes in terminals of primary afferents in mature animals, and highlight the importance of peripheral structures as the presumed earliest players in sensory experience-dependent plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Fernández-Montoya
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Neuroscience, Medical School, Autonoma University of Madrid, c/Arzobispo Morcillo 2, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Yasmina B Martin
- Departamento de Anatomía, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, UFV, Edificio E, Ctra. M-115, Pozuelo-Majadahonda Km 1,800, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Negredo
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Neuroscience, Medical School, Autonoma University of Madrid, c/Arzobispo Morcillo 2, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Avendaño
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Neuroscience, Medical School, Autonoma University of Madrid, c/Arzobispo Morcillo 2, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
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85
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Xiong W, Tan M, He L, Ou X, Jin Y, Yang G, Huang L, Shen Y, Guan S, Xu C, Li G, Liu S, Xu H, Liang S, Gao Y. Inhibitory effects of tetramethylpyrazine on pain transmission of trigeminal neuralgia in CCI-ION rats. Brain Res Bull 2017; 134:72-78. [PMID: 28710025 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 06/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) has anti-inflammatory effects and is used to treat cerebral ischemic injury, but the mechanism of TMP on neural protection is not clear. Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a facial pain syndrome that is characterized by paroxysmal, shock-like pain attacks located in the somatosensory distribution of the trigeminal nerve. P2X3 receptor plays a crucial role in facilitating pain transmission. The present study investigates the effects of TMP on trigeminal neuralgia transmission mediated by P2X3 receptor of the trigeminal ganglia (TG). Chronic constriction injury of the infraorbital branch of the trigeminal nerve (CCI-ION) was used as a trigeminal neuralgia model. On day 15 after surgery, there was a significant decline in the mechanical hyperalgesia threshold in the territory of the ligated infraorbital nerve in the TN group, and an increase in expression of P2X3 receptor in the TG of the TN group compared with the Sham group. After treatment with TMP or A-317491, the mechanical hyperalgesia threshold of TN rats was significantly higher, and expression of P2X3 receptor in the TG noticeably declined compared with the TN group. Phosphorylation of p38 and ERK1/2 in the TN group was stronger than in the Sham group. However, the phosphorylation of p38 and ERK1/2 in the TN+TMP group and TN+A-317491 group was much lower than in the TN group. TMP significantly inhibited the ATP activated currents in HEK293 cells transfected with a P2X3 plasmid. Thus, TMP might have inhibitory effects on trigeminal neuralgia by suppressing the expression of P2X3 receptor in the TG and the phosphorylation of p38 and ERK1/2 in the TG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xiong
- Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, PR China
| | - Mengxia Tan
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Nanchang University, 461 Bayi Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, PR China
| | - Lingkun He
- Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, PR China
| | - Xiaoyan Ou
- Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, PR China
| | - Youhong Jin
- Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, PR China
| | - Guo Yang
- Queen Mary college of grade 2013, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, PR China
| | - Liping Huang
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Nanchang University, 461 Bayi Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, PR China
| | - Yulin Shen
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Nanchang University, 461 Bayi Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, PR China
| | - Shu Guan
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Nanchang University, 461 Bayi Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, PR China
| | - Changshui Xu
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Nanchang University, 461 Bayi Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, PR China
| | - Guilin Li
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Nanchang University, 461 Bayi Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, PR China
| | - Shuangmei Liu
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Nanchang University, 461 Bayi Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, PR China
| | - Hong Xu
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Nanchang University, 461 Bayi Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, PR China
| | - Shangdong Liang
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Nanchang University, 461 Bayi Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, PR China.
| | - Yun Gao
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Nanchang University, 461 Bayi Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, PR China.
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86
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Abstract
The localization of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is similar to that of a neurotransmitter which indicates masticatory muscle pain in the area of the masseter fascia. CGRP is released from the trigeminal ganglion (TG). The aim of this study was to analyze the distribution of CGRP in the fascia of the masseter muscle (FMM) and TG in a morphometric manner, with respect to the location and density of CGRP-immunopositive reaction fiber (CGRP-IRF). A higher number of the CGRP-IRF were mainly found located around elongated blood vessels and small nerves on the origin side of the middle zone FMM in the O group (presented with occlusion). In the sectional histochemical analysis of the O group, the CGRP-IRF were clearly detected in oval vessels, large elongated vessels and large nerves in contrast with that of the Non-O group (presented with no occlusion) samples. The number of CGRP-immunopositive ganglion cells (CGRP-IPGCs) in the O group mandibular nerve division was higher than that of other divisions. A reduction of the CGRP-IRF numbers were found in the no-loading groups. The characterization of these locations of CGRP-IPGCs can also provide useful data for the understanding of myofascial pain syndrome of the masseter muscle (MM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Azuma
- Department of Anatomy, School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, The Nippon Dental University
| | - Iwao Sato
- Department of Anatomy, School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, The Nippon Dental University
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87
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Araya EI, Nones CFM, Ferreira LEN, Kopruszinski CM, Cunha JMD, Chichorro JG. Role of peripheral and central TRPV1 receptors in facial heat hyperalgesia in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Brain Res 2017; 1670:146-155. [PMID: 28606782 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that diabetes may be related to sensory changes in the trigeminal system. Long lasting facial heat hyperalgesia has been described in diabetic rats, but the mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Herein, the contribution of peripheral and central TRPV1 receptors to facial heat hyperalgesia in diabeticrats was investigated. Diabetes was induced in male Wistar rats by streptozotocin (60mg/kg, i.p) and facial heat hyperalgesia was assessed once a week up to four weeks. The role of TRPV1 receptors in the heat hyperalgesia in diabetic rats was evaluated through: 1) the ablation of TRPV1 receptors by resiniferatoxin (RTX) treatment and 2) injection of the TRPV1 antagonist, capsazepine, into the upper lip, trigeminal ganglion or medullary subarachnoid space, at doses that completed prevented the heat hyperalgesia induced by capsaicin in naïve rats. Western blot was used to estimate the changes in TRPV1 expression in diabetic rats. Diabetic rats exhibited facial heat hyperalgesia from the first up to the fourth week after streptozotocin injection, which was prevented by insulin treatment. Ablation of TRPV1-expressing fibers prevented facial hyperalgesia in diabetic rats. Capsazepine injection in all sites resulted in significant reduction of facial heat hyperalgesia in diabetic rats. Diabetic rats exhibited a significant decrease in TRPV1 expression in the trigeminal nerve, increased expression in the trigeminal ganglion and no changes in subnucleus caudalis when compared to normoglycemic ones. In conclusion, our results suggest that facial heat hyperalgesia in diabetic rats is maintained by peripheral and central TRPV1 receptors activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Ivanna Araya
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
| | | | - Luiz Eduardo Nunes Ferreira
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas - UNICAMP - Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Joice Maria da Cunha
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
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88
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Feldman-Goriachnik R, Hanani M. The effects of endothelin-1 on satellite glial cells in peripheral ganglia. Neuropeptides 2017; 63:37-42. [PMID: 28342550 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Endothelins (ET) are a family of highly active neuropeptides with manifold influences via ET receptors (ETR) in both the peripheral and central nervous systems. We have shown previously that satellite glial cells (SGCs) in mouse trigeminal ganglia (TG) are extremely sensitive to ET-1 in evoking [Ca2+]in increase, apparently via ETBR activation, but there is no functional information on ETR in SGCs of other peripheral ganglia. Here we tested the effects of ET-1 on SGCs in nodose ganglia (NG), which is sensory, and superior cervical ganglia (Sup-CG), which is part of the sympathetic nervous system, and further investigated the influence of ET-1 on SGCs in TG. Using calcium imaging we found that SGCs in intact, freshly isolated NG and Sup-CG are highly sensitive to ET-1, with threshold concentration at 0.1nM. Our results showed that [Ca2+]in elevation in response to ET-1 was partially due to Ca2+ influx from the extracellular space and partially to Ca2+ release from intracellular stores. Using receptor selective ETR agonists and antagonists, we found that the responses were mediated by mixed ETAR/ETBR in SGCs of NG and predominantly by ETBR in SGCs of Sup-CG. By employing intracellular dye injection we examined coupling among SGCs around different neurons in the presence of 5nM ET-1 and observed coupling inhibition in all the three ganglion types. In summary, our work showed that SGCs in mouse sensory and sympathetic ganglia are highly sensitive to ET-1 and that this peptide markedly reduces SGCs coupling. We conclude that ET-1, which may participate in neuron-glia communications, has similar functions in wide range of peripheral ganglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Feldman-Goriachnik
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Mount Scopus, Jerusalem 91240, Israel
| | - Menachem Hanani
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Mount Scopus, Jerusalem 91240, Israel.
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89
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Goto T, Iwai H, Kuramoto E, Yamanaka A. Neuropeptides and ATP signaling in the trigeminal ganglion. Jpn Dent Sci Rev 2017; 53:117-124. [PMID: 29201256 PMCID: PMC5703691 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nociceptive stimuli from orofacial structures are largely transmitted by the trigeminal nerve. According to the peripheral noxious stimuli, neurons in the trigeminal ganglion (TG) produce neuropeptides such as substance P, and calcitonin-gene-related peptide, etc. Beside the production of neuropeptides, there exists unique non-synaptic interaction system between maxillary and mandibular neurons in the TG. Neurons in the TG are surrounded by satellite glial cells (SGCs), which initially receive the signal from TG neurons. These activated SGCs secrete a transmitter to activate adjacent SGCs or TG neurons, thereby amplifying the signal, for example, from mandibular neurons to maxillary neurons in the TG. Similar to the dorsal root ganglion, in the TG, microglia/macrophage-like cells (MLCs) are activated by uptake of a transmitter from TG neurons or SGCs. This communication between neurons, SGCs, and MLCs results in responses such as ectopic pain, hyperesthesia, or allodynia. The focus of this review is the cooperative interaction of the maxillary and mandibular nerves in the TG by neuropeptides, and adenosine 3′-phosphate (ATP) signaling from neurons to SGCs and MLCs. Stimulated neurons either secrete ATP by means of vesicular nucleotide transporters, or secrete neuropeptides from the neuronal cell body to mediate signal transmission.
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Key Words
- ATP
- ATP, adenosine 3′-phosphate
- CGRP, calcitonin-gene-related peptide
- DRG, dorsal root ganglion
- MLC, microglia/macrophage-like cell
- Neuron
- Neuropeptides
- PACAP, pituitary adenylate-cyclase-activating polypeptide receptor type 1
- SGC, satellite glial cell
- SP, substance P
- Satellite glial cell
- TG, trigeminal ganglion
- Trigeminal ganglion
- VIP, vasoactive intestinal peptide
- VNUT, vesicular nucleotide transporter
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Goto
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Haruki Iwai
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Eriko Kuramoto
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Atsushi Yamanaka
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
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90
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Igawa K, Funahashi H, Miyahara Y, Naono-Nakayama R, Matsuo H, Yamashita Y, Sakoda S, Nishimori T, Ishida Y. Distribution of hemokinin-1 in the rat trigeminal ganglion and trigeminal sensory nuclear complex. Arch Oral Biol 2017; 79:62-9. [PMID: 28301818 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A new mammalian tachykinin peptide encoded in a TAC4 gene was identified and designated as hemokinin-1 (HK-1). A representative of the tachykinin peptide family is substance P (SP), and the function of SP has been well characterized as a pain transmitter or modulator, while it is possible that HK-1 is involved in pruriceptive processing, but, as yet, the distribution of HK-1 peptide in the trigeminal sensory system is still unknown. Thus, the aim of the present study was to elucidate the distribution of HK-1, while comparing the expression of SP, in the trigeminal ganglion and trigeminal sensory nuclear complex. DESIGN The trigeminal ganglion and the brain stem of male SD rats were used in the immunohistochemical study. Since the amino acid sequence in the carboxyl-terminal regions of HK-1 and SP is common, polyclonal antibodies of HK-1 and SP derived from 6 amino acids consisting of amino-terminal regions of these peptides were produced in guinea pig and rabbit, respectively. The immunohistochemical staining of HK-1 and SP was conducted using frozen sections of the trigeminal ganglion and brain stem in rats. RESULTS Immunohistochemical studies revealed the expression of HK-1 in small- and medium-sized trigeminal ganglion neurons, in the paratrigeminal nucleus, and in lamina I of the trigeminal nucleus caudalis, while there was no immunoreactivity of HK-1 in the trigeminal nucleus principalis, trigeminal nucleus oralis, and trigeminal nucleus interpolaris. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that HK-1 is a target molecule for treatment of itch in the orofaicial regions.
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91
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Liu F, Xu L, Chen N, Zhou M, Li C, Yang Q, Xie Y, Huang Y, Ma C. Neuronal Fc-epsilon receptor I contributes to antigen-evoked pruritus in a murine model of ocular allergy. Brain Behav Immun 2017; 61:165-75. [PMID: 27865948 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2016.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pruritus is the major symptom of ocular allergy but currently available treatments are often ineffective. Previous studies demonstrated that subpopulations of primary sensory neurons express Fc receptors and may contribute to antigen-specific pain. We investigated the role of neuronal Fc-epsilon Receptor I (FcεRI) in allergic ocular pruritus. Ovalbumin (OVA) was used as allergen together with alum adjuvant (OVA+alum) to produce a mouse model of ocular allergy with a significant elevation in the serum levels of both antigen-specific IgE and IgG. Mice sensitized by OVA without alum only induced elevation of serum IgG but not IgE. Scratching behavior toward the eyes with the hindlimb was used as an indicator of ocular itch. Topical OVA challenging to the eye dose-dependently induced scratching toward the eye in the OVA+alum sensitized mice, but not those sensitized by OVA only. The antigen-induced scratching was largely abolished by topical application of the blocking antibody to FcεRIα, but was only partially alleviated by pretreatment of mast cell stabilizer or histamine I receptor antagonist. The expression of FcεRI was detected in subpopulations of trigeminal ganglion (TG) neurons including those expressing pruriceptive markers and innervating the conjunctiva in the naïve mice. Moreover, FcεRI was found significantly upregulated in small-sized TG neurons in the OVA+alum sensitized mice. In acutely dissociated TG neurons, IgE-immune complex (IC), but not the antibody or antigen alone, induced intracellular calcium increase. The neuronal responses to IgE-IC could be specifically blocked by pre-application of a siRNA for FcεRIα. Our results indicate that FcεRI expressed on peripheral nociceptive neurons in the TG may be directly activated by IgE-IC and contribute to allergic ocular pruritus. This study may suggest a novel mechanism for the development of pathological itch in allergic diseases.
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92
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Dong X, Guan X, Chen K, Jin S, Wang C, Yan L, Shi Z, Zhang X, Chen L, Wan Q. Abnormal mitochondrial dynamics and impaired mitochondrial biogenesis in trigeminal ganglion neurons in a rat model of migraine. Neurosci Lett 2017; 636:127-33. [PMID: 27984195 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.10.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has demonstrated a possible role of mitochondrial dysfunction in migraine pathophysiology. Migraine sufferers exhibit impaired metabolic capacity, with an increased formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Mitochondrial dynamics and mitochondrial biogenesis are key processes regulating mitochondrial homeostasis. The aim of this study was to explore the alterations of mitochondrial regulatory networks in a rat model of migraine induced by repeated dural stimulation with inflammatory soup (IS). Ultrastructural, protein, gene and mitochondrial DNA analysis were applied to assess mitochondrial dynamics and biogenesis in trigeminal ganglion (TG) neurons. Mitochondria in TG neurons exhibited small and fragmented morphology after repeated dural stimulation. Further investigations showed that mitochondrial fission protein dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) was increased while mitochondrial fusion protein Mitofusin1 (Mfn1) was reduced in TG neurons. In addition, our results also presented that mitochondrial DNA copy number in TG neurons was reduced significantly, accompanied by alterations in mRNA and protein levels of regulatory factors related to mitochondrial biogenesis including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1a (PGC-1α) and its downstream regulators in TG neurons in the IS-induced migraine model. These findings suggest that the mitochondrial dynamic regulatory networks are maladjusted in TG neurons in a rat model of migraine. Regulation of mitochondrial dynamics and biogenesis signaling may indicate a new mitochondria-targeted therapeutic strategy for migraine.
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93
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Cohrs RJ, Badani H, Baird NL, White TM, Sanford B, Gilden D. Induction of varicella zoster virus DNA replication in dissociated human trigeminal ganglia. J Neurovirol 2016; 23:152-157. [PMID: 27683235 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-016-0480-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Varicella zoster virus (VZV), a human neurotropic alphaherpesvirus, becomes latent after primary infection and reactivates to produce zoster. To study VZV latency and reactivation, human trigeminal ganglia removed within 24 h after death were mechanically dissociated, randomly distributed into six-well tissue culture plates and incubated with reagents to inactivate nerve growth factor (NGF) or phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3-kinase) pathways. At 5 days, VZV DNA increased in control and PI3-kinase inhibitor-treated cultures to the same extent, but was significantly more abundant in anti-NGF-treated cultures (p = 0.001). Overall, VZV DNA replication is regulated in part by an NGF pathway that is PI3-kinase-independent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randall J Cohrs
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 12700 E. 19th Avenue, Box B-182, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA. .,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 12700 E. 19th Avenue, Box B-182, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
| | - Hussain Badani
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 12700 E. 19th Avenue, Box B-182, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Nicholas L Baird
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 12700 E. 19th Avenue, Box B-182, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Teresa M White
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 12700 E. 19th Avenue, Box B-182, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Bridget Sanford
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 12700 E. 19th Avenue, Box B-182, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Don Gilden
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 12700 E. 19th Avenue, Box B-182, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 12700 E. 19th Avenue, Box B-182, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
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94
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Liu Q, Gao Z, Zhu X, Wu Z, Li D, He H, Huang F, Fan W. Changes in nitric oxide synthase isoforms in the trigeminal ganglion of rat following chronic tooth pulp inflammation. Neurosci Lett 2016; 633:240-245. [PMID: 27687716 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) possibly plays an important role in the events resulting in hyperalgesia. NO synthase (NOS) is a key enzyme in the production of NO. Changes in NOS expression in primary sensory neurons may be involved in the persistent sensory abnormalities that can be induced by inflammation. To assess the possible roles of NOS in trigeminal sensory system, we studied changes in the expression of NOS isoforms in the trigeminal ganglion (TG) following chronic inflammation after pulp exposure (PX) in rats. The neurons innervating injured tooth in the TG were labeled by fluoro-gold (FG). Immunohistochemical staining was used to reveal the presence of NOS. The results showed that within the FG-labeled population, neuron counts revealed a significant increase in the proportion of NOS neurons following PX, in which the frequency of iNOS and nNOS-positive neurons started to increase at 3 and 7day, respectively, and peaked at 28day. There was no eNOS expression observed in the control group and PX-treated groups. The results demonstrate that PX-induced chronic pulpal inflammation results in significant increase of nNOS and iNOS in the TG. It suggests that nNOS and iNOS could be involved in mediation of peripheral processing of nociceptive information following chronic tooth pulp inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China; Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhixiong Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China; Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Dongguan Scientific Research Center, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Zhi Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongpei Li
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Hongwen He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China; Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Wenguo Fan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China; Department of Anesthesiology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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95
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Goto T, Oh SB, Takeda M, Shinoda M, Sato T, Gunjikake KK, Iwata K. Recent advances in basic research on the trigeminal ganglion. J Physiol Sci 2016; 66:381-6. [PMID: 27023716 PMCID: PMC10717556 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-016-0448-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral tissue inflammation can alter the properties of somatic sensory pathways, causing behavioral hypersensitivity and resulting in increased responses to pain caused by noxious stimulation (hyperalgesia) and normally innocuous stimulation (allodynia). These hypersensitivities for nociception are caused by changes in the excitability of trigeminal ganglion (TG) neurons. These changes alter sensory information processing in the neurons in the medullary trigeminal nucleus of caudalis. Increasing information is becoming available regarding trigeminal neuron-neuron/neuron-satellite glial cells (SGCs) communication. The activation of intraganglionic communication plays an important role in the creation and maintenance of trigeminal pathological pain. Therefore, in this review, we focus on the recent findings for sensory functions and pharmacological modulation of TG neurons and SGCs under normal and pathological conditions, and we discuss potential therapeutic targets in glia-neuronal interactions for the prevention of trigeminal neuropathic and inflammatory pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Goto
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, 890-6544, Japan.
| | - Seog Bae Oh
- Department of Neurobiology and Physiology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mamoru Takeda
- Department of Food and Life Sciences, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Masamichi Shinoda
- Department of Physiology, School of Dentistry, Nihon University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadasu Sato
- Division of Oral and Craniofacial Anatomy, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kaori K Gunjikake
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Koichi Iwata
- Department of Physiology, School of Dentistry, Nihon University, Tokyo, Japan
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96
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Zhang Q, Cao DL, Zhang ZJ, Jiang BC, Gao YJ. Chemokine CXCL13 mediates orofacial neuropathic pain via CXCR5/ERK pathway in the trigeminal ganglion of mice. J Neuroinflammation 2016; 13:183. [PMID: 27401148 PMCID: PMC4940825 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-016-0652-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Trigeminal nerve damage-induced neuropathic pain is a severely debilitating chronic orofacial pain syndrome. Spinal chemokine CXCL13 and its receptor CXCR5 were recently demonstrated to play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of spinal nerve ligation-induced neuropathic pain. Whether and how CXCL13/CXCR5 in the trigeminal ganglion (TG) mediates orofacial pain are unknown. Methods The partial infraorbital nerve ligation (pIONL) was used to induce trigeminal neuropathic pain in mice. The expression of ATF3, CXCL13, CXCR5, and phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (pERK) in the TG was detected by immunofluorescence staining and western blot. The effect of shRNA targeting on CXCL13 or CXCR5 on pain hypersensitivity was checked by behavioral testing. Results pIONL induced persistent mechanical allodynia and increased the expression of ATF3, CXCL13, and CXCR5 in the TG. Inhibition of CXCL13 or CXCR5 by shRNA lentivirus attenuated pIONL-induced mechanical allodynia. Additionally, pIONL-induced neuropathic pain and the activation of ERK in the TG were reduced in Cxcr5−/− mice. Furthermore, MEK inhibitor (PD98059) attenuated mechanical allodynia and reduced TNF-α and IL-1β upregulation induced by pIONL. TNF-α inhibitor (Etanercept) and IL-1β inhibitor (Diacerein) attenuated pIONL-induced orofacial pain. Finally, intra-TG injection of CXCL13 induced mechanical allodynia, increased the activation of ERK and the production of TNF-α and IL-1β in the TG of WT mice, but not in Cxcr5−/− mice. Pretreatment with PD98059, Etanercept, or Diacerein partially blocked CXCL13-induced mechanical allodynia, and PD98059 also reduced CXCL13-induced TNF-α and IL-1β upregulation. Conclusions CXCL13 and CXCR5 contribute to orofacial pain via ERK-mediated proinflammatory cytokines production. Targeting CXCL13/CXCR5/ERK/TNF-α and IL-1β pathway in the trigeminal ganglion may offer effective treatment for orofacial neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Pain Research Laboratory, Institute of Nautical Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Seyuan Road, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, China
| | - De-Li Cao
- Pain Research Laboratory, Institute of Nautical Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Seyuan Road, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, China
| | - Zhi-Jun Zhang
- Pain Research Laboratory, Institute of Nautical Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Seyuan Road, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, China.,Department of Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China
| | - Bao-Chun Jiang
- Pain Research Laboratory, Institute of Nautical Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Seyuan Road, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, China
| | - Yong-Jing Gao
- Pain Research Laboratory, Institute of Nautical Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Seyuan Road, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, China. .,Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China.
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97
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Lukács M, Warfvinge K, Kruse LS, Tajti J, Fülöp F, Toldi J, Vécsei L, Edvinsson L. KYNA analogue SZR72 modifies CFA-induced dural inflammation- regarding expression of pERK1/2 and IL-1β in the rat trigeminal ganglion. J Headache Pain 2016; 17:64. [PMID: 27377707 PMCID: PMC4932003 DOI: 10.1186/s10194-016-0654-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neurogenic inflammation has for decades been considered an important part of migraine pathophysiology. In the present study, we asked the question if administration of a novel kynurenic acid analogue (SZR72), precursor of an excitotoxin antagonist and anti-inflammatory substance, can modify the neurogenic inflammatory response in the trigeminal ganglion. Methods Inflammation in the trigeminal ganglion was induced by local dural application of Complete Freunds Adjuvant (CFA). Levels of phosphorylated MAP kinase pERK1/2 and IL-1β expression in V1 region of the trigeminal ganglion were investigated using immunohistochemistry and Western blot. Findings Pretreatment with one dose of SZR72 abolished the CFA-induced pERK1/2 and IL-1β activation in the trigeminal ganglion. No significant change was noted in case of repeated treatment with SZR72 as compared to a single dose. Conclusions This is the first study that demonstrates that one dose of KYNA analog before application of CFA can give anti-inflammatory response in a model of trigeminal activation, opening a new line for further investigations regarding possible effects of KYNA derivates.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lukács
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Experimental Vascular Research, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Neurology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - K Warfvinge
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Experimental Vascular Research, Lund University, Lund, Sweden. .,Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Copenhagen University, Glostrup Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,Department of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Sölvegatan 17, SE 221 84, Lund, Sweden.
| | - L S Kruse
- Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Copenhagen University, Glostrup Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J Tajti
- Department of Neurology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - F Fülöp
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and MTA-SZTE Research Group for Stereochemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - J Toldi
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,MTA SZTE Neuroscience Research Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - L Vécsei
- Department of Neurology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,MTA SZTE Neuroscience Research Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - L Edvinsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Experimental Vascular Research, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Copenhagen University, Glostrup Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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98
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Cairns BE, O'Brien M, Dong XD, Gazerani P. Elevated Fractalkine (CX3CL1) Levels in the Trigeminal Ganglion Mechanically Sensitize Temporalis Muscle Nociceptors. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:3695-3706. [PMID: 27209190 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-9935-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
It has been proposed that after nerve injury or tissue inflammation, fractalkine (CX3CL1) released from dorsal root ganglion neurons acts on satellite glial cells (SGCs) through CX3C receptor 1 (CX3CR1) to induce neuroplastic changes. The existence and importance of fractalkine/CX3CR1 signaling in the trigeminal ganglia has not yet been clarified. This study investigated (1) whether trigeminal ganglion neurons that innervate temporalis muscle and their associated SGCs contain fractalkine and/or express CX3CR1, (2) if intraganglionic injection of fractalkine increases the mechanical sensitivity of temporalis muscle afferent fibers, (3) whether complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced inflammation of the temporalis muscle alters the expression of fractalkine or its receptor in the trigeminal ganglion, and (4) if intraganglionic administration of CX3CR1 antibodies alters afferent mechanical sensitivity. Immunohistochemistry and in vivo electrophysiological recordings in male and female rats were used to address these questions. It was found that ∼50 % of temporalis ganglion neurons and ∼25 % of their associated SGCs express CX3CR1, while only neurons expressed fractalkine. Temporalis muscle inflammation increased the expression of fractalkine, but only in male rats. Intraganglionic injection of fractalkine (25 g/ml; 3 μl) induced prolonged afferent mechanical sensitization. Intraganglionic injection of CX3CR1 antibody increased afferent mechanical threshold, but this effect was greater in controls than in rats with CFA-induced muscle inflammation. These findings raise the possibility that basal fractalkine signalling within the trigeminal ganglion plays an important role in mechanical sensitivity of masticatory muscle sensory afferent fibers and that inhibition of CX3CR1 signaling within the trigeminal ganglia may induce analgesia through a peripheral mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian E Cairns
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,SMI®, Department of Health Science and Technology, The Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7-D3, 9220, Aalborg East, Denmark
| | - Melissa O'Brien
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Xu-Dong Dong
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Parisa Gazerani
- SMI®, Department of Health Science and Technology, The Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7-D3, 9220, Aalborg East, Denmark.
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99
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Rusu MC, Cretoiu D, Vrapciu AD, Hostiuc S, Dermengiu D, Manoiu VS, Cretoiu SM, Mirancea N. Telocytes of the human adult trigeminal ganglion. Cell Biol Toxicol 2016; 32:199-207. [PMID: 27147447 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-016-9328-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Telocytes (TCs) are typically defined as cells with telopodes by their ultrastructural features. Their presence was reported in various organs, however little is known about their presence in human trigeminal ganglion. To address this issue, samples of trigeminal ganglia were tested by immunocytochemistry for CD34 and examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). We found that TCs are CD34 positive and form networks within the ganglion in close vicinity to microvessels and nerve fibers around the neuronal-glial units (NGUs). TEM examination confirmed the existence of spindle-shaped and bipolar TCs with one or two telopodes measuring between 15 to 53 μm. We propose that TCs are cells with stemness capacity which might contribute in regeneration and repair processes by: modulation of the stem cell activity or by acting as progenitors of other cells present in the normal tissue. In addition, further studies are needed to establish if they might influence the neuronal circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mugurel Constantin Rusu
- Division of Anatomy, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.,International Society of Regenerative Medicine and Surgery (ISRMS), Bucharest, Romania.,MEDCENTER - Center of Excellence in Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dragos Cretoiu
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Histology, Department 2 Morphological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.,Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alexandra Diana Vrapciu
- Division of Anatomy, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Sorin Hostiuc
- Division of Legal Medicine and Bioethics, Department 2 Morphological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dan Dermengiu
- Division of Legal Medicine and Bioethics, Department 2 Morphological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Forensic Pathology, National Institute of Legal Medicine, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Vasile Sorin Manoiu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Sanda Maria Cretoiu
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Histology, Department 2 Morphological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania. .,Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Nicolae Mirancea
- Institute of Biology of Bucharest, The Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania.
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100
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Longeac M, Lapeyre M, Delbet Dupas C, Barthélémy I, Pham Dang N. [Exclusive radiotherapy for a facial basal cell carcinoma with trigeminal ganglion involvement]. Cancer Radiother 2016; 20:308-11. [PMID: 27105681 DOI: 10.1016/j.canrad.2015.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Basal cell carcinomas with symptomatic perineural invasion are rare entities. We report the case of a 60year-old man (with a grafted kidney), surgically treated in 2007 for a sclerodermiform basal cell carcinoma infiltrating the left nostril. Five years later, a painful left hemifacial hypoesthesia associated with an ulcus rodens of the nasolabial fold appeared. A biopsy confirmed a recurrence. MRI showed an enhancement of the trigeminal ganglion. The patient had a trigeminal perineural invasion secondary to a cutaneous basal cell carcinoma. He received a local intensity-modulated radiotherapy alone (70Gy in 33 sessions), administered from the skin tumour to the skull base. Three years after the end of treatment, the patient is in radiological and clinical remission, with partial recovery of the hypoesthesia. Evolution was marked by iterative corneal ulcers and decreased visual acuity. Modalities of treatment by surgery and/or radiation therapy and complications are poorly described in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Longeac
- Service de chirurgie maxillofaciale, stomatologie et chirurgie plastique de la face, hôpital Estaing CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, université d'Auvergne, 1, place Lucie-Aubrac, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - M Lapeyre
- Département de radiothérapie, centre Jean-Perrin, 58, rue Montalembert, BP 392C, 63011 Clermont-Ferrand cedex 1, France
| | - C Delbet Dupas
- Service de chirurgie maxillofaciale, stomatologie et chirurgie plastique de la face, hôpital Estaing CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, université d'Auvergne, 1, place Lucie-Aubrac, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - I Barthélémy
- Service de chirurgie maxillofaciale, stomatologie et chirurgie plastique de la face, hôpital Estaing CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, université d'Auvergne, 1, place Lucie-Aubrac, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; UMR Inserm/UdA, U1107, Neuro-Dol, Trigeminal Pain and Migraine, BP 10448, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - N Pham Dang
- Service de chirurgie maxillofaciale, stomatologie et chirurgie plastique de la face, hôpital Estaing CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, université d'Auvergne, 1, place Lucie-Aubrac, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; UMR Inserm/UdA, U1107, Neuro-Dol, Trigeminal Pain and Migraine, BP 10448, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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