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de Almeida SMV, Lafayette EA, da Silva LPBG, Amorim CADC, de Oliveira TB, Ruiz ALTG, de Carvalho JE, de Moura RO, Beltrão EIC, de Lima MDCA, de Carvalho Júnior LB. Synthesis, DNA Binding, and Antiproliferative Activity of Novel Acridine-Thiosemicarbazone Derivatives. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:13023-42. [PMID: 26068233 PMCID: PMC4490484 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160613023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, the acridine nucleus was used as a lead-compound for structural modification by adding different substituted thiosemicarbazide moieties. Eight new (Z)-2-(acridin-9-ylmethylene)-N-phenylhydrazinecarbothioamide derivatives (3a-h) were synthesized, their antiproliferative activities were evaluated, and DNA binding properties were performed with calf thymus DNA (ctDNA) by electronic absorption and fluorescence spectroscopies. Both hyperchromic and hypochromic effects, as well as red or blue shifts were demonstrated by addition of ctDNA to the derivatives. The calculated binding constants ranged from 1.74 × 10(4) to 1.0 × 10(6) M(-1) and quenching constants from -0.2 × 10(4) to 2.18 × 10(4) M(-1) indicating high affinity to ctDNA base pairs. The most efficient compound in binding to ctDNA in vitro was (Z)-2-(acridin-9-ylmethylene)-N- (4-chlorophenyl) hydrazinecarbothioamide (3f), while the most active compound in antiproliferative assay was (Z)-2-(acridin-9-ylmethylene)-N-phenylhydrazinecarbothioamide (3a). There was no correlation between DNA-binding and in vitro antiproliferative activity, but the results suggest that DNA binding can be involved in the biological activity mechanism. This study may guide the choice of the size and shape of the intercalating part of the ligand and the strategic selection of substituents that increase DNA-binding or antiproliferative properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinara Mônica Vitalino de Almeida
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keizo Asami (LIKA) and Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife 50670-901, PE, Brazil.
- Faculdade de Ciências, Educação e Tecnologia de Garanhuns (FACETEG), Universidade de Pernambuco (UPE), Garanhuns 55290-000, PE, Brazil.
| | | | - Lúcia Patrícia Bezerra Gomes da Silva
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keizo Asami (LIKA) and Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife 50670-901, PE, Brazil.
| | | | - Tiago Bento de Oliveira
- Departamento de Antibióticos, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife 50670-901, PE, Brazil.
| | - Ana Lucia Tasca Gois Ruiz
- Divisão de Farmacologia e Toxicologia, Centro Pluridisciplinar de Pesquisas Químicas, Biológicas e Agrícolas (DFT/CPQBA), Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-970, SP, Brazil.
| | - João Ernesto de Carvalho
- Divisão de Farmacologia e Toxicologia, Centro Pluridisciplinar de Pesquisas Químicas, Biológicas e Agrícolas (DFT/CPQBA), Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-970, SP, Brazil.
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-859, SP, Brazil.
| | - Ricardo Olímpio de Moura
- Departamento de Farmácia, Laboratório de Síntese e Vetorização de Moléculas, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba (UEPB), Campus Campina Grande 58429-500, PB, Brazil.
| | - Eduardo Isidoro Carneiro Beltrão
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keizo Asami (LIKA) and Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife 50670-901, PE, Brazil.
| | | | - Luiz Bezerra de Carvalho Júnior
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keizo Asami (LIKA) and Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife 50670-901, PE, Brazil.
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Abulimite Z, Mu X, Xiao S, Liu M, Li Q, Chen G. New chemiluminescent substrates of paraoxonase 1 with improved specificity: synthesis and properties. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2015; 176:301-16. [PMID: 25809994 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-015-1575-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is an important hydrolase, and the enzyme activity decreases in patients with liver disease, diabetes, coronary heart disease, etc. Phenyl acetate and organophosphates are usually employed as substrates for serum PON1 activity assay. However, phenyl acetate for arylesterase activity assay exhibits disadvantage of high background. According to properties of PON1, four new chemiluminescent acridinium esters were designed, prepared through three steps, and characterized with (1)H NMR and mass spectrometry (MS) data, and their properties as PON1 substrates were investigated. The hydrolyses of the four compounds catalyzed by recombinant human PON1 (rhPON1) (or serum) followed first-order kinetics within 22 min. The PON1 activator (NaCl, 0.10 mol L(-1)) could boost the rhPON1-mediated and serum-mediated hydrolyses of the acridinium esters to 2.01 ~ 2.26 folds, but 1.0 mol L(-1) NaCl decreased the serum arylesterase activity. RhPON1 showed selectivity over other serum esterases such as lipase, acetylcholinesterase, and esterase D more than 300 folds. By using ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) inhibitor, the specificities of the four substrates toward serum PON1 were determined as 78.3 ~ 92.9%, which is improved than that of the model compound 9-(4-chloro-phenoxycarbonyl)-10-methylacridinium ester triflate. Due to low toxicity, high specificity, and sensitivity of the substrates, they are useful for serum PON1 activity assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zulipiyan Abulimite
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
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Arai MA, Koryudzu K, Ishibashi M. Inubosins A, B, and C are acridine alkaloids isolated from a culture of Streptomyces sp. IFM 11440 with Ngn2 promoter activity. J Nat Prod 2015; 78:311-314. [PMID: 25621736 DOI: 10.1021/np5006218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Three new acridine alkaloids, inubosins A (1), B (2), and C (3), were isolated from an extract of a culture of Streptomyces sp. IFM 11440 using bioassay-guided fractionation. Neurogenin2 (Ngn2) is an activator-type basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor that promotes neural stem cell differentiation. Using cell-based Ngn2 promoter activity-guided screening, Streptomyces sp. IFM 11440 was found to induce Ngn2 promoter activity. The structures of 1-3 were established using spectroscopic methods, including 1D- and 2D-NMR measurements. Inubosin B (2) showed potent Ngn2 promoter activity. Moreover, inubosin B (2) increased mRNA expression of genes related to neural stem cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Midori A Arai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University , 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
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Zhou Y, Huang Q, Zhang Q, Min Y, Wang E. A simple-structured acridine derivative as a fluorescent enhancement chemosensor for the detection of Pd2+ in aqueous media. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2015; 137:33-38. [PMID: 25194318 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Revised: 07/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
4,5-Bis(hydroxymethyl) acridine (sensor 1) has been discovered and synthesized as a simple-structured Pd(2+) fluorescent probe. Sensor 1 showed highly selective recognition toward Pd(2+) over other examined metal ions in aqueous solution. Under the optimized condition, fluorescence intensity was linearly proportional to the concentration of Pd(2+) in the 0-1 μM concentration range with detection limits of 0.021 μM. The EDTA-adding and stoichiometry experiments indicated that sensor 1 was a reversible chemosensor for Pd(2+) with a 2:1 ligand/metal complex at neutral pH. Moreover, the sensor 1 was also successfully applied to determination of Pd(2+) in water samples and palladium-containing catalyst, which made it attractive for sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Zhou
- Institute of Environmental and Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, PR China.
| | - Qi Huang
- Institute of Environmental and Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, PR China
| | - Qingyou Zhang
- Institute of Environmental and Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, PR China
| | - Yinghao Min
- Institute of Environmental and Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, PR China
| | - Enze Wang
- Institute of Environmental and Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, PR China
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Ueda Y, Takeda H, Yui T, Koike K, Goto Y, Inagaki S, Ishitani O. A visible-light harvesting system for CO2 reduction using a Ru(II) -Re(I) photocatalyst adsorbed in mesoporous organosilica. ChemSusChem 2015; 8:439-42. [PMID: 25524162 PMCID: PMC4544448 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201403194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Revised: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
A photocatalytic system for CO2 reduction exhibiting visible-light harvesting was developed by preparing a hybrid consisting of a supramolecular metal complex as photocatalyst and periodic mesoporous organosilica (PMO) as light harvester. A Ru(II) Re(I) binuclear complex (RuRe) with methylphosphonic acid anchor groups was adsorbed on acridone or methylacridone embedded in the walls of PMO mesochannels to yield the hybrid structure. The embedded organic groups absorbed visible light, and the excitation energy was funneled to the Ru units. The energy accumulation was followed by electron transfer and catalytic reduction of CO2 to CO on the Re unit. The light harvesting of these hybrids enhanced the photocatalytic CO evolution rate by a factor of up to ten compared with that of RuRe adsorbed on mesoporous silica without a light harvester.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaro Ueda
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology2-12-1-NE-1 O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550 (Japan) E-mail:
| | - Hiroyuki Takeda
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology2-12-1-NE-1 O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550 (Japan) E-mail:
| | - Tatsuto Yui
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Niigata University8050 Ikarashi-2, Niigata 950-2181 (Japan)
| | - Kazuhide Koike
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology16-1 Onogawa, Tsukuba 305-8569 (Japan)
| | - Yasutomo Goto
- Toyota Central R&D Labs. Inc. YokomichiNagakute, Aichi 480-1192 (Japan) E-mail:
| | - Shinji Inagaki
- Toyota Central R&D Labs. Inc. YokomichiNagakute, Aichi 480-1192 (Japan) E-mail:
| | - Osamu Ishitani
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology2-12-1-NE-1 O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550 (Japan) E-mail:
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Kuete V, Sandjo LP, Seukep JA, Zeino M, Mbaveng AT, Ngadjui B, Efferth T. Cytotoxic compounds from the fruits of Uapaca togoensis towards multifactorial drug-resistant cancer cells. Planta Med 2015; 81:32-38. [PMID: 25473921 DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1383362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells may rapidly acquire multidrug resistance, mainly due to the presence of adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporters, epidermal growth factor receptor, or mutations in the p53 tumor suppressor gene. This work was designed to assess the cytotoxicity of the methanol crude extracts and compounds from the fruits of Uapaca togoensis, namely, β-amyryl acetate (1), 11-oxo-α-amyryl acetate (2), lupeol (3), pomolic acid (4), futokadsurin B (5), arborinin (6), and 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl sitosterol (7) against nine drug sensitive and multidrug-resistant cancer cell lines. The resazurin reduction assay was used to evaluate the cytotoxicity of the fruits of U. togoensis and compounds, whilst the caspase-Glo assay was used to detect the activation of caspase enzymes by the fruits of U. togoensis and compound 6. Cell cycle, mitochondrial membrane potential, and levels of reactive oxygen species were all analyzed via flow cytometry. The acridone alkoid 6 and the crude extract from the fruits of U. togoensis were active on all of the nine tested cancer lines with IC50 values below 32 µM and 30 µg/mL, respectively. Compounds 2 and 5 showed selective activities and IC50 values below 99 µM or 42 µM, respectively, which were obtained towards 3/9 and 6/9 tested cancer cell lines. Compound 6 displayed IC50 values below 10 µM towards seven of the nine tested cancer cell lines. The IC50 values ranged from 3.55 µM (against CEM/ADR5000 cells) to 31.77 µM (against CCRF-CEM cells) for alkaloid 6 and from 0.20 µM (against CCRF-CEM cells) to 195.12 µM (against CEM/ADR5000 cells) for doxorubicin. The crude extract of the fruits of U. togoensis induced apoptosis in the CCRF-CEM leukemia cells, which was mediated by the disruption of the mitochondrial membrane potential. Compound 6 also strongly induced apoptosis in CCRF-CEM cells and cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 and S phases. The crude extract from the fruits of this plant as well as aborinin are potential antiproliferative natural products that deserve further investigation to develop novel cytotoxic drugs to fight sensitive and otherwise drug-resistant phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Kuete
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Louis P Sandjo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Jackson A Seukep
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Maen Zeino
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Armelle T Mbaveng
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Bonaventure Ngadjui
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde 1, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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Pickard AJ, Liu F, Bartenstein TF, Haines LG, Levine KE, Kucera GL, Bierbach U. Redesigning the DNA-targeted chromophore in platinum-acridine anticancer agents: a structure-activity relationship study. Chemistry 2014; 20:16174-87. [PMID: 25302716 PMCID: PMC4244275 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201404845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Platinum-acridine hybrid agents show low-nanomolar potency in chemoresistant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but high systemic toxicity in vivo. To reduce the promiscuous genotoxicity of these agents and improve their pharmacological properties, a modular build-click-screen approach was used to evaluate a small library of twenty hybrid agents containing truncated and extended chromophores of varying basicities. Selected derivatives were resynthesized and tested in five NSCLC cell lines representing large cell, squamous cell, and adenocarcinomas. 7-Aminobenz[c]acridine was identified as a promising scaffold in a hybrid agent (P1-B1) that maintained submicromolar activity in several of the DNA-repair proficient and p53-mutant cancer models, while showing improved tolerability in mice by 32-fold compared to the parent platinum-acridine (P1-A1). The distribution and DNA/RNA adduct levels produced by the acridine- and benz[c]acridine-based analogues in NCI-H460 cells (confocal microscopy, ICP-MS), and their ability to bind G-quadruplex forming DNA sequences (CD spectroscopy, HR-ESMS) were studied. P1-B1 emerges as a less genotoxic, more tolerable, and potentially more target-selective hybrid agent than P1-A1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J. Pickard
- Department of Chemistry, Wake Forest University Winston-Salem, NC 27109 (USA)
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Wake Forest University Winston-Salem, NC 27109 (USA)
| | | | | | | | - Gregory L. Kucera
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Hematology and Oncology Wake Forest University Health Sciences Winston-Salem, NC 27157 (USA)
| | - Ulrich Bierbach
- Department of Chemistry, Wake Forest University Winston-Salem, NC 27109 (USA)
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Wang W, Ho WC, Dicker DT, MacKinnon C, Winkler JD, Marmorstein R, El-Deiry WS. Acridine derivatives activate p53 and induce tumor cell death through bax. Cancer Biol Ther 2014; 4:893-8. [PMID: 16177561 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.4.8.2134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
CP-31398 activates wild-type p53 by a novel mechanism that does not involve phosphorylation of the amino-terminus of p53 and disassociation of MDM2. To identify more potent CP-31398-like p53 activators, we synthesized 4 acridine derivatives with a similar structure to CP-31398. These four compounds induced strong p53 transcription in cells with wild-type p53. We also found that several randomly chosen acridine derivatives, including 9-aminoacridine, amsacrine, quinacrine and acridine orange, induced p53 transcriptional activity. All these acridine derivatives stabilized p53 protein by blocking its ubiquitination, without phosphorylation of ser15 or ser20 on p53. Furthermore, acridine derivatives induced p53-dependent cell death. Knockout of Bax, a p53 target and a key cell death inducer in both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways, blocked acridine derivatives from inducing cell death. In addition, in vivo delivery of quinacrine and amsacrine induced p53 transcriptional activity in tumor xenografts. Our results reveal that DNA-intercalating acridine derivatives can induce p53 stabilization by a manner similar to CP-31398. These findings provide insights into p53 regulation in response to DNA intercalating drugs and may assist new anti-cancer drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenge Wang
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA
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Nowak K. A solvatochromic study of N-[4-(9-acridinylamino)-3-methoxyphenyl]methanesulfonamide hydrochloride: an experimental and theoretical approach. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2014; 130:208-213. [PMID: 24785094 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2013] [Revised: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The effects of a solvent on the position of the long-wavelength electronic absorption band of N-[4-(9-acridinylamino)-3-methoxyphenyl]methanesulfonamide hydrochloride [m-AMSA.HCl], an antitumor drug, were investigated. To assess the nature of molecular interactions of protonated m-AMSA (1) with various organic solvents the solvatochromic shifts of absorption maxima (ν‾A) with (i) traditionally used bulk solvent polarity functions (Δf and F(ε, n)) and (ii) empirical scales of solvent polarity (Z, χB and ETN) were analyzed. Additionally, in order to investigate the influence of non-specific and specific solute-solvent interactions on absorption band shifts in protic solvents the multicomponent linear regression with two Kamlet-Taft's solvatochromic parameters (π* and α) was used. The ν‾A in solvents were also obtained using theoretical calculations with the AM1-SM5.4 method and compared with experimental values. Finally, all the results show that in aprotic solvents there are general dipolarity/polarizability effects, while in protic solvents specific interactions connected with the formation of hydrogen bonds are additionally observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Nowak
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska St. 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland.
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Yu X, Liao Z, Yao Q, Liu H, Xie W. Spectroscopic studies on the interaction of Phacolysin and bovine serum albumin. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2014; 127:231-236. [PMID: 24632176 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.02.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Revised: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The interaction between Phacolysin (PCL) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) under imitated physiological conditions was investigated by spectroscopic (fluorescence, UV-Vis absorption and Circular dichroism) techniques. The experiments were conducted at different temperatures (294K, 302K, 306K and 310K) and the results showed that the PCL caused the fluorescence quenching of BSA through a static quenching procedure. The binding constant (Ka), binding sites (n) were obtained. The corresponding thermodynamic parameters (ΔH, ΔS and ΔG) of the interaction system were calculated at different temperatures. The results revealed that the binding process was spontaneous and the acting force between PCL and BSA were mainly hydrogen bonding and van der Waals forces. According to Förster non-radiation energy transfer theory, the binding distance between PCL and BSA was calculated to be 2.41nm. What is more, both synchronous fluorescence and Circular dichroism spectra confirmed the interaction, which indicated the conformational changes of BSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianyong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry and Molecular Simulation of Ministry of Education, Hunan Province College Key Laboratory of QSAR/QSPR, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China; State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; Key Laboratory of Computational Physical Sciences, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhixi Liao
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry and Molecular Simulation of Ministry of Education, Hunan Province College Key Laboratory of QSAR/QSPR, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
| | - Qing Yao
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry and Molecular Simulation of Ministry of Education, Hunan Province College Key Laboratory of QSAR/QSPR, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
| | - Heting Liu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry and Molecular Simulation of Ministry of Education, Hunan Province College Key Laboratory of QSAR/QSPR, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
| | - Wenlin Xie
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry and Molecular Simulation of Ministry of Education, Hunan Province College Key Laboratory of QSAR/QSPR, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China.
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Troian-Gautier L, Moucheron C. RutheniumII complexes bearing fused polycyclic ligands: from fundamental aspects to potential applications. Molecules 2014; 19:5028-87. [PMID: 24759069 PMCID: PMC6270827 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19045028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review, we first discuss the photophysics reported in the literature for mononuclear ruthenium complexes bearing ligands with extended aromaticity such as dipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine (DPPZ), tetrapyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c:3'',2''-h:2''',3'''-j]-phenazine (TPPHZ), tetrapyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c:3'',2''-h:2''',3'''-j]acridine (TPAC), 1,10-phenanthrolino[5,6-b]1,4,5,8,9,12-hexaazatriphenylene (PHEHAT) 9,11,20,22-tetraaza- tetrapyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c:3'',2''-l:2''',3'''-n]pentacene (TATPP), etc. Photophysical properties of binuclear and polynuclear complexes based on these extended ligands are then reported. We finally develop the use of binuclear complexes with extended π-systems for applications such as photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovic Troian-Gautier
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Photochimie, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), CP160/08, 50 av. F. D. Roosevelt, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium.
| | - Cécile Moucheron
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Photochimie, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), CP160/08, 50 av. F. D. Roosevelt, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium.
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Lagah S, Tan IL, Radhakrishnan P, Hirst RA, Ward JH, O’Callaghan C, Smith SJ, Stevens MFG, Grundy RG, Rahman R. RHPS4 G-quadruplex ligand induces anti-proliferative effects in brain tumor cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e86187. [PMID: 24454961 PMCID: PMC3893285 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Telomeric 3' overhangs can fold into a four-stranded DNA structure termed G-quadruplex (G4), a formation which inhibits telomerase. As telomerase activation is crucial for telomere maintenance in most cancer cells, several classes of G4 ligands have been designed to directly disrupt telomeric structure. METHODS We exposed brain tumor cells to the G4 ligand 3,11-difluoro-6,8,13-trimethyl-8H-quino[4,3,2-kl]acridinium methosulfate (RHPS4) and investigated proliferation, cell cycle dynamics, telomere length, telomerase activity and activated c-Myc levels. RESULTS Although all cell lines tested were sensitive to RHPS4, PFSK-1 central nervous system primitive neuroectodermal cells, DAOY medulloblastoma cells and U87 glioblastoma cells exhibited up to 30-fold increased sensitivity compared to KNS42 glioblastoma, C6 glioma and Res196 ependymoma cells. An increased proportion of S-phase cells were observed in medulloblastoma and high grade glioma cells whilst CNS PNET cells showed an increased proportion of G1-phase cells. RHPS4-induced phenotypes were concomitant with telomerase inhibition, manifested in a telomere length-independent manner and not associated with activated c-Myc levels. However, anti-proliferative effects were also observed in normal neural/endothelial cells in vitro and ex vivo. CONCLUSION This study warrants in vivo validation of RHPS4 and alternative G4 ligands as potential anti-cancer agents for brain tumors but highlights the consideration of dose-limiting tissue toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Lagah
- Children’s Brain Tumour Research Centre, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - I-Li Tan
- Children’s Brain Tumour Research Centre, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Priya Radhakrishnan
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Leicester Royal Infirmary, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Robert A. Hirst
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Leicester Royal Infirmary, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer H. Ward
- Children’s Brain Tumour Research Centre, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Chris O’Callaghan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Portex Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London and Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart J. Smith
- Children’s Brain Tumour Research Centre, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Malcolm F. G. Stevens
- School of Pharmacy, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Richard G. Grundy
- Children’s Brain Tumour Research Centre, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ruman Rahman
- Children’s Brain Tumour Research Centre, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Muscia GC, Buldain GY, Asís SE. Design, synthesis and evaluation of acridine and fused-quinoline derivatives as potential anti-tuberculosis agents. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 73:243-9. [PMID: 24412719 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Revised: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 12/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of twelve acridine and polycyclic acridine derivatives prepared via the Friedländer reaction is described. The one-pot reactions of 2-amino-5-chloro or 5-nitro-benzophenones and a variety of cyclanones and indanones were carried out in a MW oven under TFA catalysis in good yields. The products were designed according natural antituberculosis products and were evaluated for growth inhibitory activity towards Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv (Mtb) through the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID, USA). Three of them underwent additional testings. The cyclopenta[b]quinoline derivative 9 and the acridine derivative 13 showed remarkable MIC values against the rifampin resistant strain. The former exhibited bactericidal activity at 50 μg/mL, its intracellular activity is similar to rifampin and it was not cytotoxic at low concentrations so it can be considered a new lead compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisela C Muscia
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, C1113AAB Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Graciela Y Buldain
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, C1113AAB Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvia E Asís
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, C1113AAB Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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64
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He Y, Huang G, Cui H. Quenching the chemiluminescence of acridinium ester by graphene oxide for label-free and homogeneous DNA detection. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2013; 5:11336-11340. [PMID: 24090035 DOI: 10.1021/am404138x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
It was found that graphene oxide (GO) could effectively quench the chemiluminescence (CL) emission from a acridinium ester (AE)-hydrogen peroxide system. By taking advantage of this quenching effect, as a proof of concept, a label-free and homogeneous DNA assay was developed for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA. In the absence of target DNA, both probe DNA and AE were absorbed on the surface of GO, producing a weak CL emission owing to the CL quenching effect of GO. However, in the presence of target DNA, a double-stranded structure of DNA was generated, leading to the release of the oligonucleotide from the GO surface. AE favors binding with double-stranded DNA, which will be released from the GO surface; thus, the quenching effect of GO will be no longer effective and a strong CL signal can be observed. This assay can detect M. tuberculosis DNA with a detection limit of 0.65 nM. This sensitivity is lower than that of previously reported electrochemical detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
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Artese A, Costa G, Ortuso F, Parrotta L, Alcaro S. Identification of new natural DNA G-quadruplex binders selected by a structure-based virtual screening approach. Molecules 2013; 18:12051-70. [PMID: 24084014 PMCID: PMC6270229 DOI: 10.3390/molecules181012051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Revised: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/22/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The G-quadruplex DNA structures are mainly present at the terminal portion of telomeres and can be stabilized by ligands able to recognize them in a specific manner. The recognition process is usually related to the inhibition of the enzyme telomerase indirectly involved and over-expressed in a high percentage of human tumors. There are several ligands, characterized by different chemical structures, already reported in the literature for their ability to bind and stabilize the G-quadruplex structures. Using the structural and biological information available on these structures; we performed a high throughput in silico screening of commercially natural compounds databases by means of a structure-based approach followed by docking experiments against the human telomeric sequence d[AG₃(T₂AG₃)₃]. We identified 12 best hits characterized by different chemical scaffolds and conformational and physicochemical properties. All of them were associated to an improved theoretical binding affinity with respect to that of known selective G-binders. Among these hits there is a chalcone derivative; structurally very similar to the polyphenol butein; known to remarkably inhibit the telomerase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Artese
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi "Magna Græcia", Campus "S. Venuta", Viale Europa, Germaneto, Catanzaro 88100, Italy.
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Bontemps N, Gattacceca F, Long C, Thomas OP, Banaigs B. Additional cytotoxic pyridoacridine alkaloids from the ascidian Cystodytes violatinctus and biogenetic considerations. J Nat Prod 2013; 76:1801-5. [PMID: 23961991 DOI: 10.1021/np400284z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The extraction and purification of the bioactive extract of Cystodytes violatinctus (Solomon Islands) led to the isolation and identification of six pyridoacridine alkaloids. The structures of four new members of this family, shermilamine F (1), dehydrokuanoniamine F (2), and arnoamines C (3) and D (4), were elucidated on the basis of NMR and MS data and by comparison with data of known compounds isolated from this genus. A general hypothetical biogenetic pathway is then proposed for pyridoacridine alkaloids that contain a fused pyrrole ring. Comparison of the biological properties of the isolated alkaloids is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataly Bontemps
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Biomolécules et de l'Environnement, EA4215, Université de Perpignan via Domitia , 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, 66860 Perpignan Cedex, France
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67
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Bouffier L, Wang BS, Roget A, Livache T, Demeunynck M, Mailley P. Electrochemical transduction of DNA hybridization at modified electrodes by using an electroactive pyridoacridone intercalator. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 406:1163-72. [PMID: 24026515 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-7314-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Revised: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A synthetic redox probe structurally related to natural pyridoacridones was designed and electrochemically characterised. These heterocycles behave as DNA intercalators due to their extended planar structure that promotes stacking in between nucleic acid base pairs. Electrochemical characterization by cyclic voltammetry revealed a quasi-reversible electrochemical behaviour occurring at a mild negative potential in aqueous solution. The study of the mechanism showed that the iminoquinone redox moiety acts similarly to quinone involving a two-electron reduction coupled with proton transfer. The easily accessible potential region with respect to aqueous electro-inactive window makes the pyridoacridone ring suitable for the indirect electrochemical detection of chemically unlabelled DNA. Its usefulness as electrochemical hybridization indicator was assessed on immobilised DNA and compared to doxorubicin. The voltamperometric response of the intercalator acts as an indicator of the presence of double-stranded DNA at the electrode surface and allows the selective transduction of immobilised oligonucleotide hybridization at both macro- and microscale electrodes.
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Lian Y, Hummel JR, Bergman RG, Ellman JA. Facile synthesis of unsymmetrical acridines and phenazines by a Rh(III)-catalyzed amination/cyclization/aromatization cascade. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:12548-51. [PMID: 23957711 PMCID: PMC3789141 DOI: 10.1021/ja406131a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
We report formal [3 + 3] annulations of aromatic azides with aromatic imines and azobenzenes to give acridines and phenazines, respectively. These transformations proceed through a cascade process of Rh(III)-catalyzed amination followed by intramolecular electrophilic aromatic substitution and aromatization. Acridines can be directly prepared from aromatic aldehydes by in situ imine formation using catalytic benzylamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Lian
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Joshua R. Hummel
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Robert G. Bergman
- Division of Chemical Sciences, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, and Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jonathan A. Ellman
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
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Zhao J, Li W, Ma R, Chen S, Ren S, Jiang T. Design, synthesis and DNA interaction study of new potential DNA bis-intercalators based on glucuronic acid. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:16851-65. [PMID: 23955268 PMCID: PMC3759939 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140816851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Revised: 06/30/2013] [Accepted: 07/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of novel potential DNA bis-intercalators were designed and synthesized, in which two glucuronic acids were linked by ethylenediamine, and the glucuronic acid was coupled with various chromophores, including quinoline, acridine, indole and purine, at the C-1 position. The preliminary binding properties of these compounds to calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA) have been investigated by UV-absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. The results indicated that all the target compounds can interact with CT-DNA, and the acridine derivative, 3b, showed the highest key selection vector (KSV) value, which suggested that compound 3b binds most strongly to CT-DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiuyang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; E-Mails: (J.Z.); (W.L.); (R.M.); (S.C.); (S.R.)
| | - Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; E-Mails: (J.Z.); (W.L.); (R.M.); (S.C.); (S.R.)
- School of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Rizhao 276826, China
| | - Rui Ma
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; E-Mails: (J.Z.); (W.L.); (R.M.); (S.C.); (S.R.)
| | - Shaopeng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; E-Mails: (J.Z.); (W.L.); (R.M.); (S.C.); (S.R.)
| | - Sumei Ren
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; E-Mails: (J.Z.); (W.L.); (R.M.); (S.C.); (S.R.)
| | - Tao Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; E-Mails: (J.Z.); (W.L.); (R.M.); (S.C.); (S.R.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +86-532-8203-2712; Fax: +86-532-8203-3054
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Herb JT, Anderson BD. Investigating the binding of acridine, acridine orange, and acridine yellow G to humic acid through fluorescence quenching. Appl Spectrosc 2013; 67:752-756. [PMID: 23816127 DOI: 10.1366/12-06795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A fluorescence quenching method was used to determine the equilibrium binding constants for the association of acridine, acridine orange, and acridine yellow G to humic acid. The fluorescence of each polycyclic aromatic nitrogen heterocycle (PANH) was monitored as aliquots of humic acid were added, and a Stern-Volmer plot was produced in which the slope is the equilibrium constant of the binding reaction. The quenching experiments were performed at temperatures of 30, 35, 40, and 45 °C. A van't Hoff plot generated from the equilibrium binding constants as a function of temperature for a given PANH resulted in a linear plot. Calculation of the ΔHbinding, ΔGbinding, and ΔSbinding for each PANH leads to the conclusion that the equilibrium binding constant, and ΔGbinding, may be predictors of bioavailability. The other thermodynamic quantities, ΔHbinding and ΔSbinding, are helpful in understanding the relative binding of the compounds. For example, acridine yellow G appears to be the least bioavailable of the three PANHs studied because of its strong ΔHbinding = -29.8 kJ/mol, which leads to ΔGbinding = -0.71 kJ/mol. While acridine orange and acridine have similar ΔHbinding values, acridine orange is more likely to bind to humic acid because the ΔSbinding for the process is less negative. Thermodynamic values and equilibrium binding constants for all three compounds are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake T Herb
- Muhlenberg College, Department of Chemistry, 2400 W. Chew Street, Allentown, PA 18104, USA
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Wang Y, Gao D, Chen Z, Li S, Gao C, Cao D, Liu F, Liu H, Jiang Y. Acridone derivative 8a induces oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis in CCRF-CEM leukemia cells: application of metabolomics in mechanistic studies of antitumor agents. PLoS One 2013; 8:e63572. [PMID: 23667640 PMCID: PMC3646819 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
A new acridone derivative, 2-aminoacetamido-10-(3, 5-dimethoxy)-benzyl-9(10H)-acridone hydrochloride (named 8a) synthesized in our lab shows potent antitumor activity, but the mechanism of action remains unclear. Herein, we report the use of an UPLC/Q-TOF MS metabolomic approach to study the effects of three compounds with structures optimized step-by-step, 9(10H)-acridone (A), 10-(3,5-dimethoxy)benzyl-9(10H)-acridone (I), and 8a, on CCRF-CEM leukemia cells and to shed new light on the probable antitumor mechanism of 8a. Acquired data were processed by principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) to identify potential biomarkers. Comparing 8a-treated CCRF-CEM leukemia cells with vehicle control (DMSO), 23 distinct metabolites involved in five metabolic pathways were identified. Metabolites from glutathione (GSH) and glycerophospholipid metabolism were investigated in detail, and results showed that GSH level and the reduced/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) ratio were significantly decreased in 8a-treated cells, while L-cysteinyl-glycine (L-Cys-Gly) and glutamate were greatly increased. In glycerophospholipid metabolism, cell membrane components phosphatidylcholines (PCs) were decreased in 8a-treated cells, while the oxidative products lysophosphatidylcholines (LPCs) were significantly increased. We further found that in 8a-treated cells, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde (MDA) were notably increased, accompanied with decrease of mitochondrial transmembrane potential, release of cytochrome C and activation of caspase-3. Taken together our results suggest that the acridone derivative 8a induces oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis in CCRF-CEM leukemia cells. The UPLC/Q-TOF MS based metabolomic approach provides novel insights into the mechanistic studies of antitumor drugs from a point distinct from traditional biological investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yini Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- The Key Laboratory of Tumor Metabolomics at Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dan Gao
- The Key Laboratory of Tumor Metabolomics at Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base-Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhe Chen
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base-Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shangfu Li
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base-Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chunmei Gao
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base-Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Deliang Cao
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base-Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Feng Liu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base-Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hongxia Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Tumor Metabolomics at Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base-Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
- * E-mail: (HXL); (YYJ)
| | - Yuyang Jiang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base-Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (HXL); (YYJ)
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72
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Jiang B, Wang X, Xu HW, Tu MS, Tu SJ, Li G. Highly selective domino multicyclizations for forming polycyclic fused acridines and azaheterocyclic skeletons. Org Lett 2013; 15:1540-3. [PMID: 23506186 PMCID: PMC3635953 DOI: 10.1021/ol400322v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Highly selective four-component domino multicyclizations for the synthesis of new fused acridines and azaheterocyclic skeletons have been established by mixing common reactants in isobutyric acid under microwave irradiation. The reactions proceeded at fast rates and were conducted to completion within 20-30 min. Up to seven new chemical bonds, four rings, and four stereocenters were assembled in a convenient one-pot operation. The resulting hexacyclic and pentacyclic fused acridines and their stereochemistry have been fully characterized and determined by X-ray structural analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Xue Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Wei Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Man-Su Tu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Shu-Jiang Tu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Guigen Li
- Institute of Chemistry & BioMedical Sciences (ICBMS), Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409-1061, USA
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Cappeletti LB, Moncada E, Poisson J, Butler IS, Dos Santos JHZ. Determination of the network structure of sensor materials prepared by three different sol-gel routes using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Appl Spectrosc 2013; 67:441-447. [PMID: 23601544 DOI: 10.1366/12-06748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Solid acid-base sensor materials were prepared by encapsulating three pH indicators (alizarin red, brilliant yellow, and acridine) within a silica matrix using a sol-gel approach through three different routes: (1) non-hydrolytic, (2) acid-catalyzed, and (3) base-catalyzed. Raman and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopies were used to evaluate the silica-indicator interactions. Because vibrational bands assigned to functional groups present in the indicator molecules were not detected, the main silica stretching mode νSi-O between approximately 1300 and 1000 cm(-1) was used to detect the presence of our indicators within the silica matrix. The large band centered at 1100 cm(-1) was deconvoluted into four components corresponding to the longitudinal optic and transversal optic modes of the silicon monoxide (SiO)4 and (SiO)6 siloxane rings. Using the component area of each mode, it was possible to calculate the percentage of each structure. Such percentages ranged from 49% to 70% (SiO)6 for the analyzed samples, within a confidence level of 95% (p = 0.05). (The confidence limits were 53-62%.) These results could be related to the pH indicator content, indicating that the quantity of the encapsulated molecule affects the (SiO)6 percentage values. In addition, a comparison with the radius of gyration obtained by small angle X-ray scattering was done. These results indicate that the analyte accesses the receptor elements through the passages between the siloxane rings but not through the siloxane rings themselves.
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74
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Yang YY, Yang W, Zuo WJ, Zeng YB, Liu SB, Mei WL, Dai HF. Two new acridone alkaloids from the branch of Atalantia buxifolia and their biological activity. J Asian Nat Prod Res 2013; 15:899-904. [PMID: 23796077 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2013.803073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Two new acridone alkaloids, 3-methoxy-1,4,5-trihydroxy-10-methylacridone (1) and 2,3-dimethoxy-1,4,5-trihydroxy-10-methylacridone (2), were isolated from the ethanol extract of the branch of Atalantia buxifolia. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods including 1D and 2D NMR. Compounds 1 and 2 exhibited significant antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and weak inhibitory effect on acetylcholinesterase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Yu Yang
- a Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences , Haikou , 571101 , China
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Dubrovskiy AV, Larock RC. Synthesis of o-(dimethylamino)aryl ketones, acridones, acridinium salts, and 1H-indazoles by the reaction of hydrazones and arynes. J Org Chem 2012; 77:11232-56. [PMID: 23206164 PMCID: PMC3535302 DOI: 10.1021/jo302378w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A novel, efficient route to biologically and pharmaceutically important o-(dimethylamino)aryl ketones, acridones, acridinium salts, and 1H-indazoles has been developed starting from readily available hydrazones of aldehydes and o-(trimethylsilyl)aryl triflates. The reaction proceeds through arynes under mild conditions, tolerates a wide range of functional groups, and provides the final products in good to excellent yields.
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76
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Subashini R, Bharathi A, Roopan SM, Rajakumar G, Abdul Rahuman A, Gullanki PK. Synthesis, spectral characterization and larvicidal activity of acridin-1(2H)-one analogues. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2012; 95:442-445. [PMID: 22579326 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2012.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Revised: 03/13/2012] [Accepted: 04/03/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Acridin-1(2H)-one analogue of 7-chloro-3,4-dihydro-9-phenyl-2-[(pyridine-2yl) methylene] acridin-1(2H)-one, 5 was prepared by using 7-chloro-3,4-dihydro-9-phenylacridin-1(2H)-one, 3 and picolinaldehyde, 4 in the presence of KOH at room temperature. These compounds were characterized by analytical and spectral analyses. The purpose of the present study was to assess the efficacy of larvicidal and repellent activity of synthesized 7-chloro-3,4-dihydro-9-phenyl-acridin-1(2H)-one analogues such as compounds 3 and 5 against the early fourth instar larvae of filariasis vector, Culex quinquefasciatus and Japanese encephalitis vector, Culex gelidus (Diptera: Culicidae). The compound exhibited high larvicidal effects at 50mg/L against both the mosquitoes with LC(50) values of 25.02 mg/L (r(2)=0.998) and 26.40 mg/L (r(2)=0.988) against C. quinquefasciatus and C. gelidus, respectively. The 7-chloro-3,4-dihydro-9-phenyl-acridin-1(2H)-one analogues that are reported for the first time to our best of knowledge can be better explored for the control of mosquito population. This is an ideal ecofriendly approach for the control of Japanese encephalitis vectors, C. quinquefasciatus and C. gelidus.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Subashini
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Organic Chemistry Division, School of Advanced Sciences, VIT University, Vellore 632 014, Tamil Nadu, India
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77
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Ferreira R, Aviñó A, Mazzini S, Eritja R. Synthesis, DNA-binding and antiproliferative properties of acridine and 5-methylacridine derivatives. Molecules 2012; 17:7067-82. [PMID: 22683895 PMCID: PMC6269017 DOI: 10.3390/molecules17067067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2012] [Revised: 05/24/2012] [Accepted: 06/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Several acridine derivatives were synthesized and their anti-proliferative activity was determined. The most active molecules were derivatives of 5-methylacridine-4-carboxylic acid. The DNA binding properties of the synthesized acridines were analyzed by competitive dialysis and compared with the anti-proliferative activities. While inactive acridine derivatives showed high selectivity for G-quadruplex structures, the most active 5-methylacridine-4-carboxamide derivatives had high affinity for DNA but showed poor specificity. An NMR titration study was performed with the most active 5-methylacridine-4-carboxamide, confirming the high affinity of this compound for both duplex and quadruplex DNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Ferreira
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Baldiri Reixac 10, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain; (R.F.); (A.A.)
- Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC), CSIC, CIBER-BBN Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Jordi Girona 18, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Aviñó
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Baldiri Reixac 10, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain; (R.F.); (A.A.)
- Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC), CSIC, CIBER-BBN Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Jordi Girona 18, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Stefania Mazzini
- Department of Agro-Food Molecular Sciences (DISMA), University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Ramon Eritja
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Baldiri Reixac 10, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain; (R.F.); (A.A.)
- Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC), CSIC, CIBER-BBN Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Jordi Girona 18, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; or ; Tel.: +34-93-403-9942; Fax: +34-93-204-5904
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78
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Goldberg JM, Speight LC, Fegley MW, Petersson EJ. Minimalist probes for studying protein dynamics: thioamide quenching of selectively excitable fluorescent amino acids. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:6088-91. [PMID: 22471784 PMCID: PMC3360930 DOI: 10.1021/ja3005094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescent probe pairs that can be selectively excited in the presence of Trp and Tyr are of great utility in studying conformational changes in proteins. However, the size of these probe pairs can restrict their incorporation to small portions of a protein sequence where their effects on secondary and tertiary structure can be tolerated. Our findings show that a thioamide bond-a single atom substitution of the peptide backbone-can quench fluorophores that are red-shifted from intrinsic protein fluorescence, such as acridone. Using steady-state and fluorescence lifetime measurements, we further demonstrate that this quenching occurs through a dynamic electron-transfer mechanism. In a proof-of-principle experiment, we apply this technique to monitor unfolding in a model peptide system, the villin headpiece HP35 fragment. Thioamide analogues of the natural amino acids can be placed in a variety of locations in a protein sequence, allowing one to make a large number of measurements to model protein folding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob M. Goldberg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34 Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Lee C. Speight
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34 Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | | | - E. James Petersson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34 Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
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79
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Ye S, Wang C, Liu X, Tong Z. Multilayer nanocapsules of polysaccharide chitosan and alginate through layer-by-layer assembly directly on PS nanoparticles for release. Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition 2012; 16:909-23. [PMID: 16128296 DOI: 10.1163/1568562054255691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Polysaccharide multilayer nanocapsules have been fabricated in aqueous media by the layer-by-layer self-assembly of chitosan (CHI) and sodium alginate (ALG) on monodisperse polystyrene (PS) nanoparticles with a diameter of 180 nm as template, followed by removal of the templates through dissolving in THF. The pH and added salt concentration of the polyelectrolyte deposition solutions were optimized to ensure the alternating deposition. Consequently, the most suitable pH values were found to be 6.0-8.0 for ALG and 3.5 for CHI and were used in the deposition. The concentration of added NaCl used in the adsorption solutions was 0.5 M, which led to an average thickness of about 13 nm for 5 bilayers of CHI/ALG shell-wall. zeta-potential indicated the stepwise and alternating adsorption of CHI and ALG to form multilayer film on the PS nanoparticles. The characteristic bands of PS residue almost disappeared in the IR spectrum of the nanocapsule after dipped in THF, confirming thorough removal of PS templates from the core-shell particles. TEM, SEM and AFM were utilized to observe the nanocapsules of about 225 nm in diameter (by TEM). A hydrophilic drug model, acridine hydrochloride (AH), was chosen to investigate the loading and release properties of the nanocapsules. The positively charged AH spontaneously deposited into the capsule due to the electrostatic interaction with the negatively charged styrene sulfonate residues from the PS template inside the capsule. The rate of AH release became slightly slower when the capsule wall was cross-linked with glutaraldehyde, but the accumulative released amount for the cross-linked capsule was obviously reduced. These nanocapsules made from nature polysaccharides have a potential application in controlled drug release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqu Ye
- Research Institute of Materials Science, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
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80
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Bouyer F, Moretto J, Pertuit D, Szollosi A, Lacaille-Dubois MA, Blache Y, Chauffert B, Desbois N. Synthesis, cytotoxicity and structure-activity relationships between ester and amide functionalities in novel acridine-based platinum(II) complexes. J Inorg Biochem 2012; 110:51-7. [PMID: 22459174 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2012.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2011] [Revised: 02/09/2012] [Accepted: 02/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In order to improve the pharmacological profile of the anticancer drug cisplatin, several new acridine-based tethered (ethane-1,2-diamine)platinum(II) complexes connected by a polymethylene chain were synthetized. Activity-structure relationship between amide or ester functionalities was explored by changing acridine-9-carboxamide into acridine-9-carboxylate chromophore. The in vitro cytotoxicity of these new complexes was assessed in human colic HCT 116, SW480 and HT-29 cancer cell lines. Series of complexes bearing the acridine-9-carboxylate chromophore displayed higher cytotoxic effect than acridine-9-carboxamide complexes, with gradual effect according to the size of the polymethylene linker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Bouyer
- INSERM UMR U866, Facultés de Médecine & Pharmacie, 7 boulevard Jeanne d'Arc, BP 89700, 21079 Dijon cedex, France
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81
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Liao SR, Zhou CX, Wu WB, Ou TM, Tan JH, Li D, Gu LQ, Huang ZS. 12-N-Methylated 5,6-dihydrobenzo[c]acridine derivatives: a new class of highly selective ligands for c-myc G-quadruplex DNA. Eur J Med Chem 2012; 53:52-63. [PMID: 22513122 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2012.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2012] [Revised: 03/16/2012] [Accepted: 03/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
12-N-Methylated and non-methylated 5,6-dihydrobenzo[c]acridine derivatives were designed and synthesized as new series of c-myc G-quadruplex binding ligands. Their interactions with c-myc G-quadruplex were evaluated using fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) melting assay, circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, surface plasmon resonance (SPR), polymerase chain reaction (PCR) stop assay, and molecular modeling. Compared with the non-methylated derivatives, 12-N-methylated derivatives had stronger binding affinity and stabilizing ability to c-myc G-quadruplex structure, and could more effectively stack on the G-quartet surface. All these derivatives had high selectivity for c-myc G-quadruplex DNA over duplex DNA. The reverse transcription (RT) PCR assay showed that compound 21c could down-regulate transcription of c-myc gene in Ramos cell line containing NHE III(1) element, but had no effect in CA46 cell line with NHE III(1) element removed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Rong Liao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou University City, Waihuan East Road 132, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
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82
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Azab HA, Hussein BHM, El-Falouji AI. Synthesis of novel Eu(III) luminescent probe based on 9- acridinecarboxylic acid skelton for sensing of ds-DNA. J Fluoresc 2011; 22:639-49. [PMID: 22065175 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-011-1000-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2011] [Accepted: 10/14/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Eu(III)-9-acridinecarboxylate (9-ACA) complex was synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, conductivity measurement, IR spectroscopy, thermal analysis, mass spectroscopy, (1)H-NMR, fluorescence and ultraviolet spectra. The results indicated that the composition of this complex is [Eu(III)-(9-ACA)(2)(NCS)(C(2)H(5)OH)(2)] 2.5 H(2)O and the oxygen of the carbonyl group coordinated to Eu(III). The interaction between the complex with nucleotides guanosine 5'- monophosphate (5'-GMP), adenosine 5'-diphosphates (5'-ADP), inosine (5'-IMP) and CT-DNA was studied by fluorescence spectroscopy. The fluorescence intensity of Eu(III)-9-acridinecarboxylate complex was enhanced with the addition of CT-DNA. The effect of pH values on the fluorescence intensity of Eu(III) complex was investigated. Under experimental conditions, the linear range was 9-50 ng mL(-1) for calf thymus DNA (CT- DNA) and the corresponding detection limit was 5 ng mL(-1). The results showed that Eu(III)-(9-ACA)(2) complex binds to CT-DNA with stability constant of 2.41 × 10(4) M.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan A Azab
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.
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83
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Marinescu M, Tablet C, Potmischil F, Hillebrand M. Experimental and theoretical study of the interaction of 3-carboxy-5,6-benzocoumarin with some 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-octahydroacridines and the corresponding N-oxides. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2011; 81:560-569. [PMID: 21763182 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2011.06.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2010] [Revised: 06/16/2011] [Accepted: 06/20/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of 3-carboxy-5,6-benzocoumarin (BzCum) with 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-octahydroacridine (OHA), 9-amino-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-octahydroacridine (H(2)N-OHA) and the corresponding N-oxides (OHA-NO and H(2)N-OHA-NO) was studied by fluorescence (steady state, time resolved) and absorption spectroscopy. The analysis of the fluorescence data in terms of Stern-Volmer plots indicated a predominant dynamic quenching for OHA and OHA-NO, and a more complex process for H(2)N-OHA and H(2)N-OHA-NO. The dynamic process was assigned to a photoinduced electron transfer (PET) from the acridine derivatives to the excited state of BzCum. The application of the Rehm-Weller-Marcus theory leads to a good agreement with literature data and allows for the estimation of the solvent organization energy. The presence of the PET mechanism was also supported by DFT results. The absorption spectra evidence the formation of a ground state complex assigned to a hydrogen bond complex involving the carboxylic hydrogen of BzCum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Marinescu
- University of Bucharest, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Organic Chemistry, Bd. Panduri 90-92, Bucharest, Romania
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84
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Uy B, McGlashan SR, Shaikh SB. Measurement of reactive oxygen species in the culture media using Acridan Lumigen PS-3 assay. J Biomol Tech 2011; 22:95-107. [PMID: 21966257 PMCID: PMC3165859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated continuously during aerobic metabolism. ROS are highly reactive molecules and in excessive amounts, can lead to protein and DNA oxidation, protein cross-linking, and cell death. Cell-culture models provide a valuable tool in understanding the mechanisms that lead to cell death. Accumulation of ROS within cells and/or their release into the culture media are highly cell type-specific. The ability to estimate ROS levels in the culture media is an important step in understanding the mechanisms contributing to disease processes. In this paper, we describe the optimization of a simple method to estimate ROS levels in the culture media using the Acridan Lumigen PS-3 reagent provided in the Amersham ECL Plus kit (GE Healthcare, UK). We have shown that the Acridan Lumigen PS-3 assay generates ROS-specific chemiluminescence in fresh as well as media stored at -20°C, in as little as 10-20 μl of samples. The method was able to detect the dose (of stimulants)- and time (acute and chronic)-dependent changes in ROS levels in media collected from various cell types. Our results suggest that the kit reagents, PBS buffer, and various media did not contribute significantly to the overall chemiluminescence generated in the assay; however, we suggest that the unused medium specific for each cell type should be used as blanks and final readings of test samples normalized against these readings. As this method uses commonly available laboratory equipment and commercially available reagents, we believe this assay is convenient, economical, and specific in estimating ROS released extracellularly into the culture media.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shamim B. Shaikh
- Department of Anatomy with Radiology and
- The Centre for Brain Research, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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85
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Happi EN, Waffo AF, Wansi JD, Ngadjui BT, Sewald N. O-prenylated acridone alkaloids from the stems of Balsamocitrus paniculata (Rutaceae). Planta Med 2011; 77:934-938. [PMID: 21243586 DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1250692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Two new O-prenylated acridone alkaloids, balsacridone A (1) and B (2), together with eighteen known compounds were isolated from the methanol extract from the stems of Balsamocitrus paniculata, a Cameroonian medicinal plant. The structures of all compounds were determined by comprehensive analyses of their 1D and 2D NMR, mass spectral (EI and ESI) data, and chemical reactions. N-methyl-6-methoxybenzoxazolinone (16) was isolated for the first time from a natural source while compounds 13, 14, and 15 for the first time from this genus. Pure compounds were tested for their activity against bacteria, fungi, and plant pathogen oomycetes, using the paper disk agar diffusion assay. The agar diffusion test delivered low to missing antimicrobial activities, corresponding to MICs > 1 mg/mL. However, compounds 1-15 exhibited a strong suppressive effect on phagocytosis response upon activation with serum opsonized zymosan in the range of IC50 = 0.5-7.2 μM, and the acridone alkaloids (1-5), N-trans-p-coumaroyltyramine (13), and N-trans-pcoumaroyloctopamine (14) displayed weak cytotoxic activity against the human Caucasian prostate adenocarcinoma cell line PC-3, with IC₅₀ values ranging from 69.8 to 99.0 μM.
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86
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Yahayu MA, Rahmani M, Hashim NM, Amin MAM, Ee GCL, Sukari MA, Akim AM. Two new acridone alkaloids from Glycosmis macrantha. Molecules 2011; 16:4401-7. [PMID: 21623311 PMCID: PMC6264580 DOI: 10.3390/molecules16064401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2011] [Revised: 05/09/2011] [Accepted: 05/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Extraction and chromatographic separation of the extracts of dried stem barks of Glycosmis macrantha lead to isolation of two new acridone alkaloids, macranthanine (1) and 7-hydroxynoracronycine (2), and a known acridone, atalaphyllidine (3). The structures of these alkaloids were determined by detailed spectral analysis and also by comparison with reported data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maizatul Akmal Yahayu
- Department of Chemistry, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mawardi Rahmani
- Department of Chemistry, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; ; Tel.: +60-38-946-6794; Fax: +60-38-943-5380
| | - Najihah Mohd Hashim
- Department of Chemistry, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | | | - Mohd Aspollah Sukari
- Department of Chemistry, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Abdah Md Akim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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87
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Abstract
This focused review article discusses in detail, all available high-resolution small molecule ligand/G-quadruplex structural data derived from crystallographic and NMR based techniques, in an attempt to understand key factors in ligand binding and to highlight the biological importance of these complexes. In contrast to duplex DNA, G-quadruplexes are four-stranded nucleic acid structures folded from guanine rich repeat sequences stabilized by the stacking of guanine G-quartets and extensive Watson-Crick/Hoogsteen hydrogen bonding. Thermally stable, these topologies can play a role in telomere regulation and gene expression. The core structures of G-quadruplexes form stable scaffolds while the loops have been shown, by the addition of small molecule ligands, to be sufficiently adaptable to generate new and extended binding platforms for ligands to associate, either by extending G-quartet surfaces or by forming additional planar dinucleotide pairings. Many of these structurally characterised loop rearrangements were totally unexpected opening up new opportunities for the design of selective ligands. However these rearrangements do significantly complicate attempts to rationally design ligands against well defined but unbound topologies, as seen for the series of napthalene diimides complexes. Drawing together previous findings and with the introduction of two new crystallographic quadruplex/ligand structures we aim to expand the understanding of possible structural adaptations available to quadruplexes in the presence of ligands, thereby aiding in the design of new selective entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shozeb M Haider
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK.
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88
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Abstract
Abstract
Tetrahydro-5-aminoacridine and four compounds representing its structural fragments have been compared as inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase and of monoamine oxidase. The entire structure of tetrahydro-5-aminoacridine appears to be essential for optimal inhibition of the esterase, less than 10−6 m concentration showing a 50 per cent inhibition of the enzyme, with the inhibition constant Ki as 1 × 10−4. For optimum inhibition of monoamine oxidase, the 4-aminoquinoline part of the acridine molecule appears to be a structural requirement. 4-Arninoquinoline shows a stronger monoamine oxidase inhibition than any known therapeutically used inhibitor. It gives a 50 per cent inhibition of the oxidase in 10−6 m concentration, with ki as 1.1 × 10−5.
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89
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Abstract
Abstract
Two methods for the quantitative determination of tetrahydroamino-acridine in aqueous solutions and in urine are described. Four metabolites have been isolated from the rat urine. Two of these, constituting the major proportion of the total metabolites, have also been isolated from human urine and partially characterised.
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90
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Li G, Zhang X, You J, Song C, Sun Z, Xia L, Suo Y. Highly sensitive and selective pre-column derivatization high-performance liquid chromatography approach for rapid determination of triterpenes oleanolic and ursolic acids and application to Swertia species: optimization of triterpenic acids extraction and pre-column derivatization using response surface methodology. Anal Chim Acta 2011; 688:208-18. [PMID: 21334488 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2010] [Revised: 12/22/2010] [Accepted: 01/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Oleanolic acid (OA) and ursolic acid (UA) are the ubiquitous triterpenic acids in plant kingdom and have multiple biological effects. In the present study, a highly sensitive and selective method using a dual-sensitive probe 2-(5-benzoacridine)ethyl-p-toluenesulfonate (BAETS) as pre-column labeling reagent has been developed for rapid determination of the triterpenes OA and UA by HPLC with fluorescence detection (FLD) and online mass spectrometry identification. Response surface methodology as an efficient tool was employed to optimize the ultrasonic-assisted extraction of triterpenic acids from Swertia plants and the pre-column derivatization reaction, respectively, which ensured the highest triterpenic acids recoveries within the shortest extraction time and the sufficient labeling of the analyzed components. Fast separation of the isomers OA and UA could be achieved on a Hypersil BDS C8 column within 7 min. Both of OA and UA gave the good correlation coefficients of 0.9999. This developed method offered the satisfactory detection limits of 1.10 and 1.30 ng mL(-1) for UA and OA, respectively. When applied to Swertia species, it showed good reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoliang Li
- Northwest Plateau Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810001, PR China
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91
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Chen J, Chen MC. Decolourization performance in C. I. Vat Yellow 1 aqueous suspension using hydrophobically modified poly(acrylic acid). Water Sci Technol 2011; 63:1638-1643. [PMID: 21866762 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2011.303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A series of hydrophobically modified poly(acrylic acid) (PAA), poly(2-phenoxyethyl acrylate-co-acrylic acid) (poly(PHEA-co-AA)), have been synthesized and characterized by Ubbelohde type viscometry, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H NMR) spectrometry and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). The shear thinning Non-Newtonian fluid behavior of their aqueous solution and the dependence on pH and hydrophobic group contents were found through apparent viscosity and rheological property investigating. Decolourization performance in C. I. Vat Yellow 1 aqueous suspension was evaluated through visible absorbance data. Decolourization performance of hydrophobically associated polymer indicates two times better than that of PAA. The quantitative relationship was mainly studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Chen
- Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, PR China.
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92
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National Toxicology Program. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: 15 Listings - benz[a]anthracene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, benzo[j]fluoranthene, benzo[k]fluoranthene, benzo[a]pyrene, dibenz[a,h]acridine, dibenz[a,j]acridine, dibenz[a,h]anthracene, 7H-dibenzo[c,g]carbazole, dibenzo[a,e]pyrene, dibenzo[a,h]pyrene, dibenzo[a,i]pyrene, dibenzo[a,l]pyrene, indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene, 5-methylchrysene. Rep Carcinog 2011; 12:353-61. [PMID: 21863085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
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93
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Qi H, Cao Z, Hou L. Electrogenerated chemiluminesence method for the determination of riboflavin at an ionic liquid modified gold electrode. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2011; 78:211-215. [PMID: 21030300 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2010.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2010] [Revised: 08/27/2010] [Accepted: 09/29/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A highly sensitive electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) method for the determination of riboflavin was developed based on the enhancement of ECL intensity of lucigenin at room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) modified gold electrode. RTILs modified gold electrode exhibited excellent electrochemical and ECL property to lucigenin system and the ECL intensity of lucigenin was greatly enhanced by riboflavin. The characterization of the RTILs modified electrode and the attractive performance of the sensitive ECL method for the determination of riboflavin were investigated. Under the optimized conditions, the ECL intensity was directly proportional to the concentration of riboflavin in the range from 5.0×10(-10) g/mL to 1.0×10(-8)g/mL with the detection limit of 1×10(-10) g/mL. The method has been applied to the determination of riboflavin in the pharmaceutical preparations with satisfactory recovery from 96% to 101%. This work demonstrates that the incorporation of ECL method with RTILs modified electrode is a promising strategy for the determination of organic compounds with high sensitivity and good reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglan Qi
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, PR China.
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94
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Krzymiński K, Malecha P, Zadykowicz B, Wróblewska A, Błażejowski J. 1H and 13C NMR spectra, structure and physicochemical features of phenyl acridine-9-carboxylates and 10-methyl-9-(phenoxycarbonyl)acridinium trifluoromethanesulphonates--alkyl substituted in the phenyl fragment. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2011; 78:401-409. [PMID: 21134782 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2010.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2010] [Revised: 09/09/2010] [Accepted: 10/01/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The 1H and 13C NMR spectra of twelve phenyl acridine-9-carboxylates--alkyl-substituted in the phenyl fragment--and their 10-methyl-9-(phenoxycarbonyl)acridinium salts dissolved in CD3CN, CD3OD, CDCl3 and DMSO-d6 were recorded in order to examine the influence of the structure of these compounds and the properties of the solvents on chemical shifts and 1H-(1)H coupling constants. Experimental data were compared with 1H and 13C chemical shifts predicted at the GIAO/DFT level of theory for DFT(B3LYP)/6-31G** optimised geometries of molecules, as well as with values of 1H chemical shifts and 1H-(1)H coupling constants, estimated using ACD/HNMR database software to ensure that the assignment was correct. To investigate the relations between chemical shifts and selected structural or physicochemical characteristics of the target compounds, the values of several of these parameters were determined at the DFT or HF levels of theory. The HOMO and LUMO energies obtained at the HF level yielded the ionisation potentials and electron affinities of molecules. The DFT method provided atomic partial charges, dipole moments, LCAO coefficients of pz LUMO of selected C atoms, and angles reflecting characteristic structural features of the compounds. It was found that the experimentally determined 1H and 13C chemical shifts of certain atoms relate to the predicted dipole moments, the angles between the acridine and phenyl moieties, and the LCAO coefficients of the pz LUMO of the C atoms believed to participate in the initial step of the oxidation of the target compounds. The spectral and physicochemical characteristics of the target compounds were investigated in the context of their chemiluminogenic ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Krzymiński
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, J. Sobieskiego 18, 80-952 Gdańsk, Poland.
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95
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Korabecny J, Musilek K, Holas O, Nepovimova E, Jun D, Zemek F, Opletalova V, Patocka J, Dohnal V, Nachon F, Hroudova J, Fisar Z, Kuca K. Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of N-(Bromobut-3-en-2-yl)-7-methoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridin-9-amine as a cholinesterase inhibitor with regard to Alzheimer's disease treatment. Molecules 2010; 15:8804-12. [PMID: 21127466 PMCID: PMC6259100 DOI: 10.3390/molecules15128804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2010] [Revised: 11/30/2010] [Accepted: 12/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A new tacrine based cholinesterase inhibitor, N-(bromobut-3-en-2-yl)-7-methoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridin-9-amine (1), was designed and synthesized to interact with specific regions of human acetylcholinesterase and human butyrylcholinesterase. Its inhibitory ability towards cholinesterases was determined and compared to tacrine (THA) and 9-amino-7-methoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridine (7-MEOTA). The assessment of IC50 values revealed 1 as a weak inhibitor of both tested enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Korabecny
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Drug Control, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovskeho 1203, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; E-Mail: (J.K.)
| | - Kamil Musilek
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +420-973-251-523; Fax: +420-495-518-094
| | - Ondrej Holas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Drug Control, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovskeho 1203, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; E-Mail: (J.K.)
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Drug Control, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovskeho 1203, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; E-Mail: (J.K.)
| | - Daniel Jun
- Center of Advanced Studies, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; E-Mail: (K.K.)
| | - Filip Zemek
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Opletalova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Drug Control, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovskeho 1203, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; E-Mail: (J.K.)
| | - Jiri Patocka
- Department of Radiology and Toxicology, Faculty of Health and Social Studies, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic; E-Mail: (J.P.)
| | - Vlastimil Dohnal
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, J.E. Purkinje University, Usti nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Florian Nachon
- Department of Toxicology, Research Center of Military Health Service (CRSSA), 38702 La Tronche Cedex, France; E-Mail: (F.N.)
| | - Jana Hroudova
- Department of Psychiatry, First faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenek Fisar
- Department of Psychiatry, First faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Center of Advanced Studies, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; E-Mail: (K.K.)
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96
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Brayner R, Iglesias R, Truong S, Beji Z, Felidj N, Fiévet F, Aubard J. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering on silver nanostructured films prepared by spray-deposition. Langmuir 2010; 26:17465-17469. [PMID: 20942468 DOI: 10.1021/la102722v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanostructured films were directly prepared by spray deposition of preformed polyol-based Ag-PVP nanoparticles. These homogeneous films of high optical quality were tested as SERS-active substrates. Laser excitation at 514.5 nm within the red part of the plasmon band leads to intense and reproducible SERS spectra of acridine, used as the probe molecule. From SERS measurements at different pH values, it was possible to determine the apparent pK(a) of acridine and to obtain specific surface properties of the film. Finally, these SERS titrations along with enhancement factor estimates allowed us to further depict the nature of the films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Brayner
- Université Paris Diderot (Paris 7), CNRS, UMR 7086, Interfaces, Traitements, Organisation et Dynamique des Systèmes, 15 rue Jean de Baïf, F-75205 Paris Cedex 13, France.
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97
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Tsvelikhovsky D, Buchwald SL. Synthesis of heterocycles via Pd-ligand controlled cyclization of 2-chloro-N-(2-vinyl)aniline: preparation of carbazoles, indoles, dibenzazepines, and acridines. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:14048-51. [PMID: 20858012 PMCID: PMC2951481 DOI: 10.1021/ja107511g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The Pd-catalyzed condensation of 2-bromostyrene and 2-chloroaniline derivatives yields stable diphenylamine intermediates, which are selectively converted to five-, six-, or seven-membered heteroaromatics (indoles, carbazoles, acridines, and dibenzazepines). The selectivity of these intramolecular transformations is uniquely ligand-controlled and offers efficient routes to four important classes of heterocycles from a common precursor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Tsvelikhovsky
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Stephen L. Buchwald
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
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98
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Bontemps N, Bry D, López-Legentil S, Simon-Levert A, Long C, Banaigs B. Structures and antimicrobial activities of pyridoacridine alkaloids isolated from different chromotypes of the ascidian Cystodytes dellechiajei. J Nat Prod 2010; 73:1044-8. [PMID: 20491501 DOI: 10.1021/np900751k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Three new pentacyclic alkaloids were isolated from different chromotypes of the western Mediterranean ascidian Cystodytes dellechiajei. The purple color morph collected in Catalonia contained the known compounds kuanoniamine D (1), shermilamine B (2), N-deacetylkuanoniamine D (3), and styelsamine C (4) and a new alkaloid named N-deacetylshermilamine B (5). The green color morph collected in the Balearic Islands contained the known compounds 11-hydroxyascididemin (6) and 8,9-dihydro-11-hydroxyascididemin (7) and two new alkaloids named cystodimine A (8) and cystodimine B (9). The blue color morph collected in Catalonia yielded the known compound ascididemin (10). The structures of all compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data, mainly 1D and 2D NMR data. The antimicrobial potential of the pyridoacridine alkaloids isolated from each color morph was evaluated and compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Bontemps
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Biomolecules et de l'Environnement, University of Perpignan via Domitia, 52 Paul Alduy Avenue, 66860 Perpignan Cedex, France.
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99
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Wei X, Bugni TS, Harper MK, Sandoval IT, Manos EJ, Swift J, Van Wagoner RM, Jones DA, Ireland CM. Evaluation of pyridoacridine alkaloids in a zebrafish phenotypic assay. Mar Drugs 2010; 8:1769-78. [PMID: 20631869 PMCID: PMC2901824 DOI: 10.3390/md8061769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2010] [Revised: 05/20/2010] [Accepted: 05/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Three new minor components, the pyridoacridine alkaloids 1-hydroxy-deoxyamphimedine (1), 3-hydroxy-deoxyamphimedine (2), debromopetrosamine (3), and three known compounds, amphimedine (4), neoamphimedine (5) and deoxyamphimedine (6), have been isolated from the sponge Xestospongia cf. carbonaria, collected in Palau. Structures were assigned on the basis of extensive 1D and 2D NMR studies as well as analysis by HRESIMS. Compounds 1–6 were evaluated in a zebrafish phenotype-based assay. Amphimedine (4) was the only compound that caused a phenotype in zebrafish embryos at 30 μM. No phenotype other than death was observed for compounds 1–3, 5, 6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Wei
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT84112, USA; E-Mails: (X.M.W.); (M.K.H.); (R.M.V.W.)
| | - Tim S. Bugni
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT84112, USA; E-Mails: (X.M.W.); (M.K.H.); (R.M.V.W.)
| | - Mary Kay Harper
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT84112, USA; E-Mails: (X.M.W.); (M.K.H.); (R.M.V.W.)
| | - Imelda T. Sandoval
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, 2000 Circle of Hope, Salt Lake City, UT84112, USA ; E-Mails: (I.T.S.); (E.J.M.); (J.S.) ; (D.A.J.)
| | - Elizabeth J. Manos
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, 2000 Circle of Hope, Salt Lake City, UT84112, USA ; E-Mails: (I.T.S.); (E.J.M.); (J.S.) ; (D.A.J.)
| | - Jennifer Swift
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, 2000 Circle of Hope, Salt Lake City, UT84112, USA ; E-Mails: (I.T.S.); (E.J.M.); (J.S.) ; (D.A.J.)
| | - Ryan M. Van Wagoner
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT84112, USA; E-Mails: (X.M.W.); (M.K.H.); (R.M.V.W.)
| | - David A. Jones
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, 2000 Circle of Hope, Salt Lake City, UT84112, USA ; E-Mails: (I.T.S.); (E.J.M.); (J.S.) ; (D.A.J.)
| | - Chris M. Ireland
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT84112, USA; E-Mails: (X.M.W.); (M.K.H.); (R.M.V.W.)
- *Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +01-801-581-8305; Fax: +01-801-585-6208
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100
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López-Tocón I, Otero JC, Arenas JF, García-Ramos JV, Sánchez-Cortés S. Trace detection of triphenylene by surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy using functionalized silver nanoparticles with bis-acridinium lucigenine. Langmuir 2010; 26:6977-6981. [PMID: 20205417 DOI: 10.1021/la904204s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Surface enhanced raman scattering (SERS) of triphenylene (TP) has been recorded on Ag nanoparticles functionalized with the molecular assembler bis-acridinium lucigenine dication (LG) which approaches the adsorbate to the metal surface allowing for its detection. Structural information on the host and the analyte can be extracted from the SERS spectra of LG and LG/TP complex. The acridinium planes in LG are staggered, so cavities into which hydrophobic TP can be allocated are created. Moreover, the orientation of LG with respect to the metal surface changes from tilted to perpendicular when concentration of TP increases. However, perpendicular orientation of TP with respect to the metal surface is preferred according to the in-plane enhanced bands recorded in the SERS spectrum. The dependence of the Raman signal of TP on LG concentration has been checked, and trace concentrations of TP have been detected by this technique which therefore can be used as a chemical sensor of organic pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel López-Tocón
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Málaga, E-29071-Málaga, Spain.
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