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Shashar M, Belghasem ME, Matsuura S, Walker J, Richards S, Alousi F, Rijal K, Kolachalama VB, Balcells M, Odagi M, Nagasawa K, Henderson JM, Gautam A, Rushmore R, Francis J, Kirchhofer D, Kolandaivelu K, Sherr DH, Edelman ER, Ravid K, Chitalia VC. Targeting STUB1-tissue factor axis normalizes hyperthrombotic uremic phenotype without increasing bleeding risk. Sci Transl Med 2017; 9:eaam8475. [PMID: 29167396 PMCID: PMC5854487 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aam8475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD/uremia) remains vexing because it increases the risk of atherothrombosis and is also associated with bleeding complications on standard antithrombotic/antiplatelet therapies. Although the associations of indolic uremic solutes and vascular wall proteins [such as tissue factor (TF) and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR)] are being defined, the specific mechanisms that drive the thrombotic and bleeding risks are not fully understood. We now present an indolic solute-specific animal model, which focuses on solute-protein interactions and shows that indolic solutes mediate the hyperthrombotic phenotype across all CKD stages in an AHR- and TF-dependent manner. We further demonstrate that AHR regulates TF through STIP1 homology and U-box-containing protein 1 (STUB1). As a ubiquitin ligase, STUB1 dynamically interacts with and degrades TF through ubiquitination in the uremic milieu. TF regulation by STUB1 is supported in humans by an inverse relationship of STUB1 and TF expression and reduced STUB1-TF interaction in uremic vessels. Genetic or pharmacological manipulation of STUB1 in vascular smooth muscle cells inhibited thrombosis in flow loops. STUB1 perturbations reverted the uremic hyperthrombotic phenotype without prolonging the bleeding time, in contrast to heparin, the standard-of-care antithrombotic in CKD patients. Our work refines the thrombosis axis (STUB1 is a mediator of indolic solute-AHR-TF axis) and expands the understanding of the interconnected relationships driving the fragile thrombotic state in CKD. It also establishes a means of minimizing the uremic hyperthrombotic phenotype without altering the hemostatic balance, a long-sought-after combination in CKD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moshe Shashar
- Renal Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Mostafa E Belghasem
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Shinobu Matsuura
- Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Joshua Walker
- Renal Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Sean Richards
- Renal Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Faisal Alousi
- Renal Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Keshab Rijal
- Renal Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Vijaya B Kolachalama
- Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Mercedes Balcells
- Institute of Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Biological Engineering Department, Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona 08017, Spain
| | - Minami Odagi
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Kazuo Nagasawa
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Joel M Henderson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Amitabh Gautam
- Department of Surgery, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Richard Rushmore
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Jean Francis
- Renal Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Daniel Kirchhofer
- Department of Early Discovery and Biochemistry, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Kumaran Kolandaivelu
- Institute of Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - David H Sherr
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Elazer R Edelman
- Institute of Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Katya Ravid
- Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Vipul C Chitalia
- Renal Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
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Yang F, Ruan J, Wang T, Luo J, Cao H, Song Y, Huang J, Hu G. Improving effect of dietary soybean phospholipids supplement on hepatic and serum indexes relevant to fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome in laying hens. Anim Sci J 2017; 88:1860-1869. [PMID: 28677164 DOI: 10.1111/asj.12832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of dietary soybean phospholipid supplement on hepatic and serum indexes relevant to fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome (FLHS) in layers, 135 300-day-old Hyline Brown layers were randomly divided into three groups (control, pathology and prevention), and each group had 45 layers with three replicates. Birds in the three groups were respectively fed the control diet, high-energy low-protein diet and high-energy high-protein diet affixed with 3% soybean phospholipid instead of maize. Results showed in the 30th day, birds' livers in the pathology group became yellowish, enlarged in size and had hemorrhagic spots, while the prevention and control groups' layers did not have such pathological changes. Contents of triglyceride, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein - cholesterol, non-esterified fatty acid and malondialdehyde in serum or liver homogenate in prevention and control groups were remarkably lower than those in the pathology group (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), as with the activities of glutamic oxalacetic transaminase and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (P < 0.01); high-density lipoprotein - cholesterol value was strikingly higher than that of the pathology group (P < 0.01). It is suggested dietary soybean phospholipids supplement may effectively improve hepatic and blood indexes relevant to FLHS, which provides a new point for preventing FLHS occurrence rate in laying flocks and treating human non-alcohol fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jiming Ruan
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Tiancheng Wang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Junrong Luo
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Huabin Cao
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yalu Song
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jianzhen Huang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Guoliang Hu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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Kiang JG, Smith JT, Anderson MN, Elliott TB, Gupta P, Balakathiresan NS, Maheshwari RK, Knollmann-Ritschel B. Hemorrhage enhances cytokine, complement component 3, and caspase-3, and regulates microRNAs associated with intestinal damage after whole-body gamma-irradiation in combined injury. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184393. [PMID: 28934227 PMCID: PMC5608216 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemorrhage following whole-body γ-irradiation in a combined injury (CI) model increases mortality compared to whole-body γ-irradiation alone (RI). The decreased survival in CI is accompanied by increased bone marrow injury, decreased hematocrit, and alterations of miRNA in the kidney. In this study, our aim was to examine cytokine homeostasis, susceptibility to systemic bacterial infection, and intestinal injury. More specifically, we evaluated the interleukin-6 (IL-6)-induced stress proteins including C-reactive protein (CRP), complement 3 (C3), Flt-3 ligand, and corticosterone. CD2F1 male mice received 8.75 Gy 60Co gamma photons (0.6 Gy/min, bilateral) which was followed by a hemorrhage of 20% of the blood volume. In serum, RI caused an increase of IL-1, IL-2, IL-3, IL-5, IL-6, IL-12, IL-13, IL-15, IL-17A, IL-18, G-CSF, CM-CSF, eotaxin, IFN-γ, MCP-1, MIP, RANTES, and TNF-α, which were all increased by hemorrhage alone, except IL-9, IL-17A, and MCP-1. Nevertheless, CI further elevated RI-induced increases of these cytokines except for G-CSF, IFN- γ and RANTES in serum. In the ileum, hemorrhage in the CI model significantly enhanced RI-induced IL-1β, IL-3, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-18, and TNF-α concentrations. In addition, Proteus mirabilis Gram(-) was found in only 1 of 6 surviving RI mice on Day 15, whereas Streptococcus sanguinis Gram(+) and Sphingomonas paucimobilis Gram(-) were detected in 2 of 3 surviving CI mice (with 3 CI mice diseased due to inflammation and infection before day 15) at the same time point. Hemorrhage in the CI model enhanced the RI-induced increases in C3 and decreases in CRP concentrations. However, hemorrhage alone did not alter the basal levels, but hemorrhage in the CI model displayed similar increases in Flt-3 ligand levels as RI did. Hemorrhage alone altered the basal levels of corticosterone early after injury, which then returned to the baseline, but in RI mice and CI mice the increased corticosterone concentration remained elevated throughout the 15 day study. CI increased 8 miRNAs and decreased 10 miRNAs in serum, and increased 16 miRNA and decreased 6 miRNAs in ileum tissue. Among the altered miRNAs, CI increased miR-34 in the serum and ileum which targeted an increased phosphorylation of ERK, p38, and increased NF-κB, thereby leading to increased iNOS expression and activation of caspase-3 in the ileum. Further, let-7g/miR-98 targeted the increased phosphorylation of STAT3 in the ileum, which is known to bind to the iNOS gene. These changes may correlate with cell death in the ileum of CI mice. The histopathology displayed blunted villi and villus edema in RI and CI mice. Based on the in silico analysis, miR-15, miR-99, and miR-100 were predicted to regulate IL-6 and TNF. These results suggest that CI-induced alterations of cytokines/chemokines, CRP, and C3 cause a homeostatic imbalance and may contribute to the pathophysiology of the gastrointestinal injury. Inhibitory intervention in these responses may prove therapeutic for CI and improve recovery of the ileal morphologic damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliann G. Kiang
- Radiation Combined Injury Program, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Joan T. Smith
- Radiation Combined Injury Program, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Marsha N. Anderson
- Radiation Combined Injury Program, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Thomas B. Elliott
- Radiation Combined Injury Program, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Paridhi Gupta
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Nagaraja S. Balakathiresan
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Radha K. Maheshwari
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Barbara Knollmann-Ritschel
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
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Zhao XJ, Larkin TM, Lauver MA, Ahmad S, Ducruet AF. Tissue plasminogen activator mediates deleterious complement cascade activation in stroke. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180822. [PMID: 28700732 PMCID: PMC5507253 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) in the treatment of ischemic stroke is limited by its propensity to exacerbate brain edema and hemorrhage. The mechanisms underlying these deleterious effects of tPA remain incompletely understood. The purpose of this study was to delineate a pathway of tPA-mediated complement cascade activation in stroke and to determine whether complement inhibition ameliorates the adverse effects of post-ischemic tPA administration. We found that tPA promotes C3 cleavage both in vitro and in ischemic brain through a plasmin-mediated extrinsic pathway. Using cell culture models, we then showed that the C3a-receptor is strongly expressed on ischemic endothelium and that exogenous C3a dramatically enhances endothelial cell permeability. Next, we assessed the effect of tPA administration on brain edema and hemorrhage in a transient model of focal cerebral ischemia in C57BL/6 mice. We found that intravenous tPA exacerbates brain edema and hemorrhage in stroke, and that these effects are abrogated by a small-molecule antagonist of the C3a receptor. These findings establish for the first time that intravenous tPA dramatically upregulates complement cascade activation in ischemic brain and that pharmacologic complement inhibition protects against the adverse effects of tPA-mediated thrombolysis in stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Jun Zhao
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Timothy M. Larkin
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Molly A. Lauver
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Saif Ahmad
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States of America
| | - Andrew F. Ducruet
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Platelet adhesion and aggregation, coagulation, fibrin formation, and fibrinolysis are regulated by the forces and flows imposed by blood at the site of a vascular injury. Flow chambers designed to observe these events are an indispensable part of doing hemostasis and thrombosis research, especially with human blood. Microfluidic methods have provided the flexibility to design flow chambers with complex geometries and features that more closely mimic the anatomy and physiology of blood vessels. Additionally, microfluidic systems with integrated optics and/or pressure sensors and on-board signal processing could transform what have been primarily research tools into clinical assays. Here, we describe a historical review of how flow-based approaches have informed biophysical mechanisms in genetic bleeding disorders, challenges and potential solutions for developing models of bleeding in vitro, and outstanding issues that need to be addressed prior to their use in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rogier M. Schoeman
- Chemical and Biological Engineering Department, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, USA
| | - Marcus Lehmann
- Chemical and Biological Engineering Department, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, USA
| | - Keith B. Neeves
- Chemical and Biological Engineering Department, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, USA
- Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA
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Crispel Y, Ghanem S, Attias J, Kogan I, Brenner B, Nadir Y. Involvement of the heparanase procoagulant domain in bleeding and wound healing. J Thromb Haemost 2017; 15:1463-1472. [PMID: 28439967 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Essentials Heparanase forms a complex with tissue factor and enhances the generation of factor Xa. The present study was aimed to identify the procoagulant domain of heparanase. Procoagulant peptides significantly shortened bleeding time and enhanced wound healing. Tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI)-2 derived peptides inhibited the procoagulant peptides. SUMMARY Background Heparanase, which is known to be involved in angiogenesis and metastasis, was shown to form a complex with tissue factor (TF) and to enhance the generation of activated factor X (FXa). Our study demonstrated that peptides derived from TF pathway inhibitor (TFPI)-2 impeded the procoagulant effect of heparanase, and attenuated inflammation, tumor growth, and vascularization. Aims To identify the procoagulant domain in the heparanase molecule, and to evaluate its effects in a model of wound healing that involves inflammation and angiogenesis. Methods Twenty-four potential peptides derived from heparanase were generated, and their effect was studied in an assay of FXa generation. Peptides 14 and 16, which showed the best procoagulant effect, were studied in a bleeding mouse model and in a wound-healing mouse model. Results Peptides 14 and 16 increased FXa levels by two-fold to three-fold, and, at high levels, caused consumption coagulopathy. The TFPI-2-derived peptides explored in our previous study were found to inhibit the procoagulant effect induced by peptides 14 and 16. In the bleeding model, time to clot formation was shortened by 50% when peptide 14 or peptide 16 was topically applied or injected subcutaneously. In the wound-healing model, the wound became more vascular, and its size was reduced to one-fifth as compared with controls, upon 1 week of exposure to peptide 14 or peptide 16 applied topically or injected subcutaneously. Conclusions The putative heparanase procoagulant domain was identified. Peptides derived from this domain significantly shortened bleeding time and enhanced wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Crispel
- Thrombosis and Hemostasis Unit, Rambam Health Care Campus, The Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, The Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - S Ghanem
- Thrombosis and Hemostasis Unit, Rambam Health Care Campus, The Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, The Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - J Attias
- Stat Laboratory Rambam Health Care Campus, The Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, The Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - I Kogan
- Thrombosis and Hemostasis Unit, Rambam Health Care Campus, The Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, The Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - B Brenner
- Thrombosis and Hemostasis Unit, Rambam Health Care Campus, The Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, The Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Y Nadir
- Thrombosis and Hemostasis Unit, Rambam Health Care Campus, The Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, The Technion, Haifa, Israel
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Abstract
There are some issues in the current factor (F)VIII replacement therapy for severe hemophilia A. One is mental and physical burden for the multiple intravenous infusions, and the other is difficulty in the hemostatic treatment for the patients with FVIII inhibitor. The development of novel drug with fully hemostatic effect, simply procedure, and long-acting reaction has been expected. Recently, FVIIIa-mimicking humanized recombinant bispecific antibody (ACE910) against FIXa and FX was developed. In the non-human clinical study, primate model of acquired hemophilia A demonstrated that the ACE910 was effective on both on-going and spontaneous bleedings. A phase I clinical study was conducted in healthy adults by single subcutaneous infusion of ACE910, followed by the patients' part study, Japanese patients with severe hemophilia A without or with inhibitor were treated with once-weekly subcutaneous injection of ACE910 at three dose levels for 12 successive weeks. There was no significant adverse event related to ACE910 in the clinical and laboratorial findings, and t1/2 of ACE910 was ∼30 days. The median annual bleeding rates were reduced very markedly dose-dependently, independently of inhibitor. Furthermore, among the patients with dose escalation, bleeding rate was decreased as ACE910 dose was increased. In conclusion, ACE910 would have a number of promising features: its high subcutaneous bioavailability and long half-life make the patients possible to be injected subcutaneously with a once-a-week or less frequency. In addition, ACE910 would provide the bleeding prophylactic efficacy, independently of inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiji Nogami
- Department of Pediatrics, Nara Medical University.
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Uday P, Maheshwari M, Sharanappa P, Nafeesa Z, Kameshwar VH, Priya BS, Nanjunda Swamy S. Exploring hemostatic and thrombolytic potential of heynein - A cysteine protease from Ervatamia heyneana latex. J Ethnopharmacol 2017; 199:316-322. [PMID: 28057488 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.12.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/31/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The latex of Ervatamia heyneana (Wall.) T. Cooke plant has been used for wound healing and various skin diseases by Indian tribes and folklore. AIM OF THE STUDY To validate the scientific basis of heynein - a key protease of Ervatamia heyneana, in hemostasis and wound healing process. MATERIALS AND METHODS The latex from E. heyneana was processed and subjected to two step purification. The purified heynein was assayed for proteolytic activity using casein as substrate and also attested by zymography. The inhibition studies confirmed the nature of heynein. Pure fibrinogen was used for fibrinogenolytic activity and citrated plasma was used for coagulant and fibrinolytic activities. The edema inducing action and hemorrhagic activity of heynein were assessed on mice model. RESULTS The purified heynein exhibited proteolytic activity, which was confirmed by caseinolytic assay and zymography. The inhibition studies confirmed heynein to be a cysteine protease. Heynein showed complete hydrolysis of all the three subunits of human fibrinogen (Aα, Bβ, γ). It exhibited strong pro-coagulant activity by reducing plasma clotting time from 248 to 39s at 40µg concentration. Heynein cleaved α polymer subunit in fibrin clot and did not induce edema and hemorrhage in mice models. The non-hemorrhagic nature was supported with histopathological studies of skin samples. CONCLUSION Heynein displays strong pro-coagulant action associated with fibrin(ogen)olytic activity. This provides basis for the observed pharmacological action of Ervatamia heyneana and thereby justifies its use in folk medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Uday
- Department of Biotechnology, JSS Science and Technology University, JSS Technical Institutions Campus, Mysuru 570 006, Karnataka, India
| | - M Maheshwari
- Department of Biotechnology, JSS Science and Technology University, JSS Technical Institutions Campus, Mysuru 570 006, Karnataka, India
| | - P Sharanappa
- Department of Studies in Biosciences, University of Mysore, Hemagangothri, Hassan, Karnataka 570006, India
| | - Zohara Nafeesa
- Department of Biotechnology, JSS Science and Technology University, JSS Technical Institutions Campus, Mysuru 570 006, Karnataka, India
| | - Vivek Hamse Kameshwar
- Department of Biotechnology, JSS Science and Technology University, JSS Technical Institutions Campus, Mysuru 570 006, Karnataka, India
| | - B S Priya
- Department of Studies in Chemistry, University of Mysore, Mysuru 570 006, Karnataka, India
| | - S Nanjunda Swamy
- Department of Biotechnology, JSS Science and Technology University, JSS Technical Institutions Campus, Mysuru 570 006, Karnataka, India.
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Drug interaction: dabigatran (Pradaxa) and statins. Med Lett Drugs Ther 2017; 59:26. [PMID: 28118653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
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Sivapalaratnam S, Westbury SK, Stephens JC, Greene D, Downes K, Kelly AM, Lentaigne C, Astle WJ, Huizinga EG, Nurden P, Papadia S, Peerlinck K, Penkett CJ, Perry DJ, Roughley C, Simeoni I, Stirrups K, Hart DP, Tait RC, Mumford AD, Laffan MA, Freson K, Ouwehand WH, Kunishima S, Turro E. Rare variants in GP1BB are responsible for autosomal dominant macrothrombocytopenia. Blood 2017; 129:520-524. [PMID: 28064200 PMCID: PMC6037295 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-08-732248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The von Willebrand receptor complex, which is composed of the glycoproteins Ibα, Ibβ, GPV, and GPIX, plays an essential role in the earliest steps in hemostasis. During the last 4 decades, it has become apparent that loss of function of any 1 of 3 of the genes encoding these glycoproteins (namely, GP1BA, GP1BB, and GP9) leads to autosomal recessive macrothrombocytopenia complicated by bleeding. A small number of variants in GP1BA have been reported to cause a milder and dominant form of macrothrombocytopenia, but only 2 tentative reports exist of such a variant in GP1BB By analyzing data from a collection of more than 1000 genome-sequenced patients with a rare bleeding and/or platelet disorder, we have identified a significant association between rare monoallelic variants in GP1BB and macrothrombocytopenia. To strengthen our findings, we sought further cases in 2 additional collections in the United Kingdom and Japan. Across 18 families exhibiting phenotypes consistent with autosomal dominant inheritance of macrothrombocytopenia, we report on 27 affected cases carrying 1 of 9 rare variants in GP1BB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suthesh Sivapalaratnam
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research BioResource-Rare Diseases, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, Barts Health National Health Service Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah K Westbury
- School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan C Stephens
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research BioResource-Rare Diseases, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Greene
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research BioResource-Rare Diseases, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Medical Research Council Biostatistics Unit, Cambridge Institute of Public Health, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Kate Downes
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research BioResource-Rare Diseases, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Anne M Kelly
- Department of Haematology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children National Health Service Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Lentaigne
- Centre for Haematology, Hammersmith Campus, Imperial College Academic Health Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Imperial College Healthcare National Health Service Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - William J Astle
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research BioResource-Rare Diseases, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Medical Research Council Biostatistics Unit, Cambridge Institute of Public Health, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Eric G Huizinga
- Crystal and Structural Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Paquita Nurden
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire LIRYC, Hôpital Xavier Arnozan, Pessac, France
| | - Sofia Papadia
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research BioResource-Rare Diseases, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Kathelijne Peerlinck
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christopher J Penkett
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research BioResource-Rare Diseases, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - David J Perry
- Department of Haematology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine Roughley
- Kent Haemophilia Thrombosis Centre at East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust, Canterbury, United Kingdom
| | - Ilenia Simeoni
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research BioResource-Rare Diseases, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Kathleen Stirrups
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research BioResource-Rare Diseases, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel P Hart
- Department of Haematology, Barts Health National Health Service Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - R Campbell Tait
- Department of Haematology, Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew D Mumford
- School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Michael A Laffan
- Centre for Haematology, Hammersmith Campus, Imperial College Academic Health Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Imperial College Healthcare National Health Service Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kathleen Freson
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Willem H Ouwehand
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research BioResource-Rare Diseases, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom; and
| | - Shinji Kunishima
- Department of Advanced Diagnosis, Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ernest Turro
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research BioResource-Rare Diseases, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Medical Research Council Biostatistics Unit, Cambridge Institute of Public Health, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Abstract
In recent years, there has been a revival of interest in a time-honored tool of the clotting trade: the thrombin generation curve or thrombin generation (TG) assay (TGA) as we now call it. Thrombin generation is a key coagulation process that determines the extent of a hemostatic plug or a thrombotic process. The recent development of newer tests based on the continuous registration of TG under in vitro conditions that mimic more closely what occurs in vivo prompted us to reinvestigate the balance between procoagulants and anticoagulants in patients. Measurement of TG is accepted as a research tool, but the variety of sources and concentrations of reagents, as well as technical constraints, limit its potential for proper clinical use. The newer TGAs not only provide an overall assessment of hemostasis but also provide promising laboratory tools for investigating hemorrhagic coagulopathies and monitoring replacement therapy in several clinical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gian Luca Salvagno
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Neurological, Biomedical and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Piazzale L.A. Scuro 10, 37134, Verona, Italy.
| | - Erik Berntorp
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Lund University, Skane University Hospital, Jan Waldenströms gata 14, SE-205 02, Malmö, Sweden
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Ozyuvali E, Yildirim ME, Yaman T, Kosem B, Atli O, Cimentepe E. Protective Effect of Intravesical Platelet-Rich Plasma on Cyclophosphamide-Induced Hemorrhagic Cystitis. CLIN INVEST MED 2016; 39:27514. [PMID: 27917804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hemorrhagic cystitis (HC) is the most common urotoxic side effect of cyclophosphamide (CYP). Platelet rich plasma (PRP) plays an important role in wound healing and inflammatory responses. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of intravesical PRP at treatment of interstitial cystitis (IC). MATERIAL-METHODS Female rats (n=24) were used. IC was induced by intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide (CYP). Rats were randomly allocated to one of four groups (n = 6 per group): a control group; a sham group with saline (75 mg/kg; i.p.) instead of CYP on day 1; a IC group, which was injected with CYP (150 mg/kg; i.p.) on day 1; and, a intravesical PRP‑treated group which was injected with CYP (150 mg/kg; i.p.) on day 1. On day 2, the rats in each group were sacrificed under anesthesia. RESULTS Histological evaluation showed that bladder inflammation in CYP‑treated rats was not suppressed by PRP. CYP administration induced severe IC with marked edema, hemorrhage and inflammation in CYP and CYP+PRP groups, but PRP was not found to be effective to decrease these effects. CONCLUSION The application of PRP could not reverse the histopathological changes in rats that had interstitial cystitis due to the cyclophosphamide injection.
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63
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Zhdanov VV, Miroshnichenko LA, Udut EV, Zyuz'kov GN, Khrichkova TY, Simanina EV, Sherstoboev EY, Stavrova LA, Agafonov VI, Chaikovskii AV, Minakova MY, Dygai AM. Role of PI3K, MAPK/ERK 1/2, and p38 in Production of Erythropoietic Activity by Bone Marrow Cells after Blood Loss. Bull Exp Biol Med 2016; 162:51-55. [PMID: 27878722 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-016-3543-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The leading role in the regulation of erythropoietic activity of adherent bone marrow cells under conditions of post-hemorrhagic anemia is played by classical MAP kinase pathway (ERK pathway). Erythropoietin is not the decisive factor in the formation of erythropoietic activity of adherent cells. PI3K, MAPK/ERK 1/2, and p38-signaling proteins are not the main regulators of local production of erythropoietin after 30% loss of circulating blood volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- V V Zhdanov
- E. D. Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk, Russia
| | - L A Miroshnichenko
- E. D. Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk, Russia.
| | - E V Udut
- E. D. Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk, Russia
| | - G N Zyuz'kov
- E. D. Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk, Russia
| | - T Yu Khrichkova
- E. D. Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk, Russia
| | - E V Simanina
- E. D. Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk, Russia
| | - E Yu Sherstoboev
- E. D. Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk, Russia
| | - L A Stavrova
- E. D. Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk, Russia
| | - V I Agafonov
- E. D. Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk, Russia
| | - A V Chaikovskii
- E. D. Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk, Russia
| | - M Yu Minakova
- E. D. Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk, Russia
| | - A M Dygai
- E. D. Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk, Russia
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Kuznetsov ME, Kurenkov EL, Zakharov YM. [ERYTHROKARIOCYTES APOPTO- TIC ACTIVITY IN ERYTHROBLASTIC ISLANDS OF RATS BONE MARROW]. Ross Fiziol Zh Im I M Sechenova 2016; 102:1216-1223. [PMID: 30193439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The functional activity of bcl-2 andp53 proteins in erythrokariocytes of erythroblastic islands (EI) of various classes of bone marrow belonging to intact rats and animals following an acute blood loss were investigated. It is observed that intact rats had the elevated levels of percent content of bcl-2+ erythrokariocytes in EI of the second maturity class, compared to EI of first maturity class and EI involutionary class, and also less in the EI involutionary class compared to EI 1 and EI 2. The percentage content of p53+ erythrokariocytes in intact rats in the EI 2 class was less than in EI 1 and EI involutionary class, and were nearly the same of EI 1, EI 3, EI involutionary class and EI reconstructed. 48 hours after blood loss, the content of bcl-2+ erythrokariocytes were increased in EI 1, EI 2, and EI reconstructed.
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White NJ, Wang Y, Fu X, Cardenas JC, Martin EJ, Brophy DF, Wade CE, Wang X, St John AE, Lim EB, Stern SA, Ward KR, López JA, Chung D. Post-translational oxidative modification of fibrinogen is associated with coagulopathy after traumatic injury. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 96:181-9. [PMID: 27105953 PMCID: PMC4912420 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Victims of trauma often develop impaired blood clot formation (coagulopathy) that contributes to bleeding and mortality. Fibrin polymerization is one critical component of clot formation that can be impacted by post-translational oxidative modifications of fibrinogen after exposure to oxidants. In vitro evidence suggests that Aα-C domain methionine sulfoxide formation, in particular, can induce conformational changes that prevent lateral aggregation of fibrin protofibrils during polymerization. We used mass spectrometry of plasma from trauma patients to find that fibrinogen Aα-C domain methionine sulfoxide content was selectively-increased in patients with coagulopathy vs. those without coagulopathy. This evidence supports a novel linkage between oxidative stress, coagulopathy, and bleeding after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan J White
- University of Washington Division of Emergency Medicine, Harborview Medical Center, Box 359702, 325 9th Avenue, Seattle, WA 98104, USA; Bloodworks Northwest Research Institute, 1551 Eastlake Avenue E, Seattle, WA 98102, USA.
| | - Yi Wang
- Bloodworks Northwest Research Institute, 1551 Eastlake Avenue E, Seattle, WA 98102, USA
| | - Xiaoyun Fu
- Bloodworks Northwest Research Institute, 1551 Eastlake Avenue E, Seattle, WA 98102, USA
| | - Jessica C Cardenas
- Center for Translational Injury Research and Division of Acute Care Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin St. MSB 5.240, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Erika J Martin
- Department of Pharmacotherapy & Outcomes Science, School of Pharmacy, 410 N 12th Street, P.O. Box 980533, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Donald F Brophy
- Department of Pharmacotherapy & Outcomes Science, School of Pharmacy, 410 N 12th Street, P.O. Box 980533, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Charles E Wade
- Center for Translational Injury Research and Division of Acute Care Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin St. MSB 5.240, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xu Wang
- University of Washington Division of Emergency Medicine, Harborview Medical Center, Box 359702, 325 9th Avenue, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
| | - Alexander E St John
- University of Washington Division of Emergency Medicine, Harborview Medical Center, Box 359702, 325 9th Avenue, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
| | - Esther B Lim
- University of Washington Division of Emergency Medicine, Harborview Medical Center, Box 359702, 325 9th Avenue, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
| | - Susan A Stern
- University of Washington Division of Emergency Medicine, Harborview Medical Center, Box 359702, 325 9th Avenue, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
| | - Kevin R Ward
- Michigan Center for Integrative Research in Critical Care, University of Michigan, Building 10-103A North Campus Research Complex 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - José A López
- Bloodworks Northwest Research Institute, 1551 Eastlake Avenue E, Seattle, WA 98102, USA
| | - Dominic Chung
- Bloodworks Northwest Research Institute, 1551 Eastlake Avenue E, Seattle, WA 98102, USA
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de Moura VM, da Silva WCR, Raposo JDA, Freitas-de-Sousa LA, Dos-Santos MC, de Oliveira RB, Veras Mourão RH. The inhibitory potential of the condensed-tannin-rich fraction of Plathymenia reticulata Benth. (Fabaceae) against Bothrops atrox envenomation. J Ethnopharmacol 2016; 183:136-142. [PMID: 26940901 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.02.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ethnobotanical studies have shown that Plathymenia reticulata Benth. (Fabaceae) has been widely used in cases of snake envenomation, particularly in Northern Brazil. In light of this, the aim of this study was to evaluate the inhibitory potential of the condensed-tannin-rich fraction obtained from the bark of P. reticulata against the main biological activities induced by Bothrops atrox venom (BaV). MATERIALS AND METHODS The chemical composition of the aqueous extract of P. reticulata (AEPr) was first investigated by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and the extract was then fractionated by column chromatography on Sephadex LH-20. This yielded five main fractions (Pr1, Pr2, Pr3, Pr4 and Pr5), which were analyzed by colorimetry to determine their concentrations of total phenolics, total tannins and condensed tannins and to assess their potential for blocking the phospholipase activity of BaV. The Pr5 fraction was defined as the fraction rich in condensed tannins (CTPr), and its inhibitory potential against the activities of the venom was evaluated. CTPr was evaluated in different in vivo and in vitro experimental protocols. The in vivo protocols consisted of (1) pre-incubation (venom:CTPr, w/w), (2) pre-treatment (orally administered) and (3) post-treatment (orally administered) to evaluate the effect on the hemorrhagic and edematogenic activities of BaV; in the in vitro protocol the effect on phospholipase and coagulant activity using pre-incubation in both tests was evaluated. RESULTS There was statistically significant inhibition (p<0.05) of hemorrhagic activity by CTPr when the pre-incubation protocol was used [55% (1:5, w/w) and 74% (1:10, w/w)] and when pre-treatment with doses of 50 and 100mg/kg was used (19% and 13%, respectively). However, for the concentrations tested, there was no statistically significant inhibition in the group subjected to post-treatment administered orally. CTPr blocked 100% of phospholipase activity and 63.3% (1:10, w/w) of coagulant activity when it was pre-incubated with BaV. There was a statistically significant reduction (p<0.05) in edema induced by BaV in the oral protocols. Maximum inhibition was 95% (pre-treatment). CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that CTPr could be a good source of natural inhibitors of the components of snake venom responsible for inducing local inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valéria Mourão de Moura
- Programa Multi-institucional de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia, Laboratório de Imunoquímica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas-UFAM, Av. Rodrigo Octávio Jordão Ramos, 6.200, 69077-000 Manaus, AM, Brazil.
| | - Wania Cristina Rodrigues da Silva
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Recursos Naturais da Amazônia, Laboratório de Bioprospecção e Biologia Experimental, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará-UFOPA, rua Vera Paz, s/n, Salé, Santarém, PA 68035-110, Brazil
| | - Juliana D A Raposo
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Química, Universidade Federal do Pará-UFPA, Rua Augusto Corrêa, 66075-110 Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Luciana A Freitas-de-Sousa
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Toxinologia, Instituto Butantan, Av. Vital Brazil, 1500, 05503-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Cristina Dos-Santos
- Programa Multi-institucional de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia, Laboratório de Imunoquímica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas-UFAM, Av. Rodrigo Octávio Jordão Ramos, 6.200, 69077-000 Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Bezerra de Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Recursos Naturais da Amazônia, Laboratório de Bioprospecção e Biologia Experimental, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará-UFOPA, rua Vera Paz, s/n, Salé, Santarém, PA 68035-110, Brazil
| | - Rosa Helena Veras Mourão
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Recursos Naturais da Amazônia, Laboratório de Bioprospecção e Biologia Experimental, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará-UFOPA, rua Vera Paz, s/n, Salé, Santarém, PA 68035-110, Brazil
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67
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Silva TPD, Moura VMD, Souza MCSD, Santos VNC, Silva KAMMD, Mendes MGG, Nunez CV, Almeida PDOD, Lima ES, Mourão RHV, Dos-Santos MC. Connarus favosus Planch.: An inhibitor of the hemorrhagic activity of Bothrops atrox venom and a potential antioxidant and antibacterial agent. J Ethnopharmacol 2016; 183:166-175. [PMID: 26940897 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The plant species Connarus favosus is used in folk medicine in the west of Pará state, Brazil, to treat snakebites. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the potential of the aqueous extract of Connarus favosus (AECf) to inhibit hemorrhagic and phospholipase A2 activities induced by Bothrops atrox venom (BaV) and to determine the antioxidant and antimicrobial potentials of the extract. MATERIALS AND METHODS AECf was analyzed phytochemically for phenolics (condensed tannins and hydrolyzable tannins) by colorimetry. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by quantitative assays using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and Fe(3+)/phenanthroline. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated by the minimal inhibitory concentration test, and cytotoxicity was evaluated using human fibroblast cells (MRC-5). Inhibition of BaV-induced hemorrhagic activity was assessed after oral administration of the extract using pre-treatment, post-treatment and combined (BA plus AECf) treatment protocols. Inhibition of indirect hemolysis caused by phospholipase A2 (PLA2) was investigated in vitro. Interaction between AECf and BaV was investigated by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis, Western blot (Wb) and zymography. RESULTS The phytochemical profile of AECf revealed ten secondary metabolite classes, and colorimetry showed high total phenolic and total (condensed and hydrolyzable) tannin content. AECf exhibited high antioxidant and antimicrobial potentials. The IC50 for the cytotoxic effect was 51.91 (46.86-57.50)µg/mL. Inhibition of BaV-induced hemorrhagic activity was significant in all the protocols, and inhibition of PLA2 activity was significant with the two highest concentrations. The BaV/AECf mixture produced the same bands as BaV by itself in SDS-PAGE and Wb although the bands were much fainter. Zymography confirmed the proteolytic activity of BaV, but when the venom was pre-incubated with AECf this activity was blocked. CONCLUSION AECf was effective in reducing BaV-induced hemorrhagic activity when administered by the same route as that used in folk medicine and exhibited antioxidant and antimicrobial potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaís Pereira da Silva
- Programa Multi-Institucional de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia, Laboratório de Imunoquímica, Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, AM, Brazil; Laboratório de Imunoquímica, Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, AM, Brazil.
| | - Valéria Mourão de Moura
- Programa Multi-Institucional de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia, Laboratório de Imunoquímica, Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, AM, Brazil; Laboratório de Imunoquímica, Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, AM, Brazil
| | - Maria Carolina Scheffer de Souza
- Programa Multi-Institucional de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia, Laboratório de Imunoquímica, Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, AM, Brazil; Laboratório de Bioprospecção e Biotecnologia - LABB, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia-INPA, Manaus, AM, Brazil; Laboratório de Imunoquímica, Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, AM, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Neves Carvalho Santos
- Laboratório de Bioprospecção e Biotecnologia - LABB, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia-INPA, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Kissinara A M Moreira da Silva
- Laboratório de Bioprospecção e Biotecnologia - LABB, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia-INPA, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Mara Giselle Guimarães Mendes
- Laboratório de Bioprospecção e Biotecnologia - LABB, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia-INPA, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Cecília Verônica Nunez
- Programa Multi-Institucional de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia, Laboratório de Imunoquímica, Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, AM, Brazil; Laboratório de Bioprospecção e Biotecnologia - LABB, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia-INPA, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | | | - Emerson Silva Lima
- Laboratório de Atividade Biológica - Biophar, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, AM, Brazil
| | - Rosa Helena Veras Mourão
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Recursos Naturais da Amazônia, Laboratório de Bioprospecção e Biologia Experimental, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Santarém, PA, Brazil
| | - Maria Cristina Dos-Santos
- Programa Multi-Institucional de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia, Laboratório de Imunoquímica, Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, AM, Brazil; Laboratório de Imunoquímica, Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, AM, Brazil
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68
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Abstract
Approaches to locally deliver drugs to specific regions of the body are being developed for many clinical applications, including treating hemorrhage. Increasing the concentration of therapeutic coagulants in areas where clots are forming and growing can be achieved by directing them to the injury, such as with catheters or external delivery devices, or by systemically administering therapeutics that target molecular signals of vascular damage. Treating severe hemorrhage by external measures is challenging because blood flow pushes hemostatic agents outward, reducing their efficacy. This review explains that self-propelling particles may be used for delivering therapeutics, such as coagulation factors, small molecules, or other chemical or biological agents, deep into wounds during hemorrhage. A recent example of self-propelling particles is highlighted, where propulsion enhanced the efficacy of a formulation of thrombin and tranexamic acid in treating bleeding in two murine models of hemorrhage and a porcine model of fatal, non-compressible hemorrhage. Many agents exist which modulate clotting, and novel approaches that facilitate their safe delivery to sites of vascular injury could reduce the enormous number of deaths from hemorrhage that occur globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Baylis
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Karen Y T Chan
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Christian J Kastrup
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada.
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69
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Lee RH, Bergmeier W. Platelet immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM) and hemITAM signaling and vascular integrity in inflammation and development. J Thromb Haemost 2016; 14:645-54. [PMID: 26749528 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Platelets are essential for maintaining hemostasis following mechanical injury to the vasculature. Besides this established function, novel roles of platelets are becoming increasingly recognized, which are critical in non-injury settings to maintain vascular barrier integrity. For example, during embryogenesis platelets act to support the proper separation of blood and lymphatic vessels. This role continues beyond birth, where platelets prevent leakage of blood into the lymphatic vessel network. During the course of inflammation, platelets are necessary to prevent local hemorrhage due to neutrophil diapedesis and disruption of endothelial cell-cell junctions. Surprisingly, platelets also work to secure tumor-associated blood vessels, inhibiting excessive vessel permeability and intra-tumor hemorrhaging. Interestingly, many of these novel platelet functions depend on immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM) signaling but not on signaling via G protein-coupled receptors, which plays a crucial role in platelet plug formation at sites of mechanical injury. Murine platelets express two ITAM-containing receptors: the Fc receptor γ-chain (FcRγ), which functionally associates with the collagen receptor GPVI, and the C-type lectin-like 2 (CLEC-2) receptor, a hemITAM receptor for the mucin-type glycoprotein podoplanin. Human platelets express an additional ITAM receptor, FcγRIIA. These receptors share common downstream effectors, including Syk, SLP-76 and PLCγ2. Here we will review the recent literature that highlights a critical role for platelet GPVI/FcRγ and CLEC-2 in vascular integrity during development and inflammation in mice and discuss the relevance to human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- R H Lee
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - W Bergmeier
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Tan S, Li L, Chen T, Chen X, Tao L, Lin X, Tao J, Huang X, Jiang J, Liu H, Wu B. β-Arrestin-1 protects against endoplasmic reticulum stress/p53-upregulated modulator of apoptosis-mediated apoptosis via repressing p-p65/inducible nitric oxide synthase in portal hypertensive gastropathy. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 87:69-83. [PMID: 26119788 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2014] [Revised: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Portal hypertensive gastropathy (PHG) is a serious cause of bleeding in patients, and is associated with portal hypertension. β-Arrestins (β-arrestin-1 and β-arrestin-2) are well-established mediators of endocytosis of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), ubiquitination, and G-protein-independent signaling. The role of β-arrestin-1 (β-arr1) in mucosal apoptosis in PHG remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the involvement of β-arr1 in PHG via its regulation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress/p53-upregulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA) apoptotic signaling. Gastric mucosal injury and apoptosis were studied in PHG patients and in PHG mouse models. The induction of β-arr1 and the ER stress/PUMA signaling pathway were investigated, and the mechanisms of β-arr1-regulated gastric mucosal apoptosis were analyzed in vivo and in vitro experiments. β-arr1 and ER stress/PUMA signaling elements were markedly induced in the gastric mucosa of PHG patients and mouse models. Blockage of ER stress demonstrably attenuated the mucosal apoptosis of PHG, while targeted deletion of β-arr1 significantly aggravated the injury and ER stress/PUMA-mediated apoptosis. β-arr1 limited the activation of p65 to repress TNF-α-induced inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression and NO release, which could regulate ER stress/PUMA-mediated mucosal apoptosis in PHG. In vivo and in vitro experiments further demonstrated that β-arr1 protected against mucosal apoptosis by repressing TNF-α-induced iNOS expression via inhibiting the activation of p65. These results indicated that β-arr1 regulated ER stress/PUMA-induced mucosal epithelial apoptosis through suppression of the TNF-α/p65/iNOS signaling pathway activation and that β-arr1 is a potential therapeutic target for PHG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwei Tan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Leijia Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tingting Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The No. 2 Hospital of Xiamen, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiaoliang Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Tao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianyi Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin Tao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoli Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huiling Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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71
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Maklakova IY, Grebnev YD, Yastrebov AP. [The influence of extreme factors on homing multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells]. Patol Fiziol Eksp Ter 2015; 59:82-86. [PMID: 27116883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we studied homing multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells under influence of extreme factors: after radiation exposure, acute blood loss. Absorbed dose ionizing radiation amounted to 4.0 C (causes acute radiation sickness in mice), acute blood loss was caused by bleeding from the tail vein of the mouse in the amount of 2% of the body weight of the animal. Label MMSC used fluorochrome DAPI, ready to use. The experiments were performed on 60 Mature mice (males) age 6-8 months, weighing 20-25 g. Experiments on the culture of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells from the placenta (chorion) performed on laboratory mice female at the age of 3-4 months in the gestation period of 14 days. Introduction suspensions of MMSC was carried out at a dose of 6 million cells/mouse, suspended in 0.2 ml 0.9% NaCl solution. The control group of laboratory animals MMSC transplantation was carried out also in the amount of 6 million cells/mouse. The assessment was made of tissue chimerism in the peripheral blood, bone marrow, spleen, small intestine, liver, lung, kidney, heart after 1 and 24 hours after transplantation of labeled cells. It was found a significant decrease in the content of labeled MMSC in the peripheral blood at extreme impact, indicating a migration of the transplanted cells in the damaged tissue. Homing transplanted MMSC is realized mainly in those tissues that underwent the most damage.
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Fletcher SJ, Johnson B, Lowe GC, Bem D, Drake S, Lordkipanidzé M, Guiú IS, Dawood B, Rivera J, Simpson MA, Daly ME, Motwani J, Collins PW, Watson SP, Morgan NV. SLFN14 mutations underlie thrombocytopenia with excessive bleeding and platelet secretion defects. J Clin Invest 2015; 125:3600-5. [PMID: 26280575 DOI: 10.1172/jci80347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Inherited thrombocytopenias are a group of disorders that are characterized by a low platelet count and are sometimes associated with excessive bleeding that ranges from mild to severe. We evaluated 36 unrelated patients and 17 family members displaying thrombocytopenia that were recruited to the UK Genotyping and Phenotyping of Platelets (GAPP) study. All patients had a history of excessive bleeding of unknown etiology. We performed platelet phenotyping and whole-exome sequencing (WES) on all patients and identified mutations in schlafen 14 (SLFN14) in 12 patients from 3 unrelated families. Patients harboring SLFN14 mutations displayed an analogous phenotype that consisted of moderate thrombocytopenia, enlarged platelets, decreased ATP secretion, and a dominant inheritance pattern. Three heterozygous missense mutations were identified in affected family members and predicted to encode substitutions (K218E, K219N, and V220D) within an ATPase-AAA-4, GTP/ATP-binding region of SLFN14. Endogenous SLFN14 expression was reduced in platelets from all patients, and mutant SLFN14 expression was markedly decreased compared with that of WT SLFN14 when overexpressed in transfected cells. Electron microscopy revealed a reduced number of dense granules in affected patients platelets, correlating with a decreased ATP secretion observed in lumiaggregometry studies. These results identify SLFN14 mutations as cause for an inherited thrombocytopenia with excessive bleeding, outlining a fundamental role for SLFN14 in platelet formation and function.
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73
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Lee JY, Choi HY, Na WH, Ju BG, Yune TY. 17β-estradiol inhibits MMP-9 and SUR1/TrpM4 expression and activation and thereby attenuates BSCB disruption/hemorrhage after spinal cord injury in male rats. Endocrinology 2015; 156:1838-50. [PMID: 25763638 DOI: 10.1210/en.2014-1832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB) disruption and progressive hemorrhage after spinal cord injury (SCI) lead to secondary injury and the subsequent apoptosis and/or necrosis of neuron and glia, causing permanent neurological deficits. In this study, we examined the effect of 17β-estradiol (E2) on BSCB breakdown and hemorrhage as well as subsequent inflammation after SCI. After a moderate contusion injury at the 9th thoracic segment of spinal cord, E2 (300 μg/kg) was administered by iv injection immediately after SCI, and the same dose of E2 was then administered 6 and 24 hours after injury. Our data show that E2 attenuated BSCB permeability and hemorrhage and reduced the infiltration of neutrophils and macorphages after SCI. Consistent with this finding, the expression of inflammatory mediators was significantly reduced by E2. Furthermore, E2 treatment significantly inhibited the expression of sulfonylurea receptor 1 and transient receptor potential melastatin 4 after injury, which are known to mediate hemorrhage at an early stage after SCI. Moreover, the expression and activation of matrix metalloprotease-9 after injury, which is known to disrupt BSCB, and the degradation of tight junction proteins, such as zona occludens-1 and occludin, were significantly inhibited by E2 treatment. Furthermore, the protective effects of E2 on BSCB disruption and functional improvement were abolished by an estrogen receptor antagonist, ICI 182780 (3 mg/kg). Thus, our study provides evidence that the neuroprotective effect of E2 after SCI is, in part, mediated by inhibiting BSCB disruption and hemorrhage through the down-regulation of sulfonylurea receptor 1/transient receptor potential melastatin 4 and matrix metalloprotease-9, which is dependent on estrogen receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee Y Lee
- Age-Related and Brain Diseases Research Center (J.Y.L., H.Y.C., T.Y.Y.) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (T.Y.Y.), School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 130-701, Korea; and Department of Life Science (W.H.N., B.G.J.), Sogang University, Seoul 121-742, Korea
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Orbe J, Rodríguez JA, Sánchez-Arias JA, Salicio A, Belzunce M, Ugarte A, Chang HCY, Rabal O, Oyarzabal J, Páramo JA. Discovery and safety profiling of a potent preclinical candidate, (4-[4-[[(3R)-3-(hydroxycarbamoyl)-8-azaspiro[4.5]decan-3-yl]sulfonyl]phenoxy]-N-methylbenzamide) (CM-352), for the prevention and treatment of hemorrhage. J Med Chem 2015; 58:2941-57. [PMID: 25686022 DOI: 10.1021/jm501939z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Discovery of potent and safe therapeutics that improve upon currently available antifibrinolytics, e.g., tranexamic acid (TXA, 1) and aprotinin, has been challenging. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) participate in thrombus dissolution. Then we designed a novel series of optimized MMP inhibitors that went through phenotypic screening consisting of thromboelastometry and mouse tail bleeding. Our optimized lead compound, CM-352 (2), inhibited fibrinolysis in human whole blood functional assays and was more effective than the current standard of care, 1, in the tail-bleeding model using a 30 000 times lower dose. Moreover, 2 reduced blood loss during liver hepatectomy, while 1 and aprotinin had no effect. Molecule 2 displayed optimal pharmacokinetic and safety profiles with no evidence of thrombosis or coagulation impairment. This novel mechanism of action, targeting MMP, defines a new class of antihemorrhagic agents without interfering with normal hemostatic function. Furthermore, 2 represents a preclinical candidate for the acute treatment of bleeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josune Orbe
- †Atherosclerosis Research Laboratory, ‡Small Molecule Discovery Platform, Molecular Therapeutics Program, §Experimental Hepathology, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), and ∥Hematology Service, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra, Pamplona, 31008, Spain
| | - José A Rodríguez
- †Atherosclerosis Research Laboratory, ‡Small Molecule Discovery Platform, Molecular Therapeutics Program, §Experimental Hepathology, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), and ∥Hematology Service, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra, Pamplona, 31008, Spain
| | - Juan A Sánchez-Arias
- †Atherosclerosis Research Laboratory, ‡Small Molecule Discovery Platform, Molecular Therapeutics Program, §Experimental Hepathology, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), and ∥Hematology Service, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra, Pamplona, 31008, Spain
| | - Agustina Salicio
- †Atherosclerosis Research Laboratory, ‡Small Molecule Discovery Platform, Molecular Therapeutics Program, §Experimental Hepathology, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), and ∥Hematology Service, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra, Pamplona, 31008, Spain
| | - Miriam Belzunce
- †Atherosclerosis Research Laboratory, ‡Small Molecule Discovery Platform, Molecular Therapeutics Program, §Experimental Hepathology, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), and ∥Hematology Service, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra, Pamplona, 31008, Spain
| | - Ana Ugarte
- †Atherosclerosis Research Laboratory, ‡Small Molecule Discovery Platform, Molecular Therapeutics Program, §Experimental Hepathology, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), and ∥Hematology Service, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra, Pamplona, 31008, Spain
| | - Haisul C Y Chang
- †Atherosclerosis Research Laboratory, ‡Small Molecule Discovery Platform, Molecular Therapeutics Program, §Experimental Hepathology, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), and ∥Hematology Service, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra, Pamplona, 31008, Spain
| | - Obdulia Rabal
- †Atherosclerosis Research Laboratory, ‡Small Molecule Discovery Platform, Molecular Therapeutics Program, §Experimental Hepathology, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), and ∥Hematology Service, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra, Pamplona, 31008, Spain
| | - Julen Oyarzabal
- †Atherosclerosis Research Laboratory, ‡Small Molecule Discovery Platform, Molecular Therapeutics Program, §Experimental Hepathology, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), and ∥Hematology Service, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra, Pamplona, 31008, Spain
| | - José A Páramo
- †Atherosclerosis Research Laboratory, ‡Small Molecule Discovery Platform, Molecular Therapeutics Program, §Experimental Hepathology, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), and ∥Hematology Service, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra, Pamplona, 31008, Spain
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Schuller S, Sergeant K, Renaut J, Callanan JJ, Scaife C, Nally JE. Comparative proteomic analysis of lung tissue from guinea pigs with leptospiral pulmonary haemorrhage syndrome (LPHS) reveals a decrease in abundance of host proteins involved in cytoskeletal and cellular organization. J Proteomics 2015; 122:55-72. [PMID: 25818725 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2015.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Revised: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Leptospiral pulmonary haemorrhage syndrome (LPHS) is a particularly severe form of leptospirosis. LPHS is increasingly recognized in both humans and animals and is characterized by rapidly progressive intra-alveolar haemorrhage leading to high mortality. The pathogenic mechanisms of LPHS are poorly understood which hampers the application of effective treatment regimes. In this study a 2-D guinea pig proteome lung map was created and used to investigate the pathogenic mechanisms of LPHS. Comparison of lung proteomes from infected and non-infected guinea pigs via differential in-gel electrophoresis revealed highly significant differences in abundance of proteins contained in 130 spots. Acute phase proteins were the largest functional group amongst proteins with increased abundance in LPHS lung tissue, and likely reflect a local and/or systemic host response to infection. The observed decrease in abundance of proteins involved in cytoskeletal and cellular organization in LPHS lung tissue further suggests that infection with pathogenic Leptospira induces changes in the abundance of host proteins involved in cellular architecture and adhesion contributing to the dramatically increased alveolar septal wall permeability seen in LPHS. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE The recent completion of the complete genome sequence of the guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) provides innovative opportunities to apply proteomic technologies to an important animal model of disease. In this study, the comparative proteomic analysis of lung tissue from experimentally infected guinea pigs with leptospiral pulmonary haemorrhage syndrome (LPHS) revealed a decrease in abundance of proteins involved in cellular architecture and adhesion, suggesting that loss or down-regulation of cytoskeletal and adhesion molecules plays an important role in the pathogenesis of LPHS. A publically available guinea pig lung proteome map was constructed to facilitate future pulmonary proteomics in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Schuller
- University College Dublin, School of Veterinary Medicine, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; Vetsuisse Faculty University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 128, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Kjell Sergeant
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Environmental Research and Innovation" (ERIN) department, 41, rue du Brill, 4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Jenny Renaut
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Environmental Research and Innovation" (ERIN) department, 41, rue du Brill, 4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - John J Callanan
- University College Dublin, School of Veterinary Medicine, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; Conway Institute for Biomolecular & Biomedical Research, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, St Kitts and Nevis, West Indies
| | - Caitriona Scaife
- Conway Institute for Biomolecular & Biomedical Research, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Jarlath E Nally
- University College Dublin, School of Veterinary Medicine, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; Conway Institute for Biomolecular & Biomedical Research, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; Bacterial Diseases of Livestock Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA 50010, USA
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76
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Watzka M, Geisen C, Scheer M, Wieland R, Wiegering V, Dörner T, Laws HJ, Gümrük F, Hanalioglu S, Unal S, Albayrak D, Oldenburg J. Bleeding and non-bleeding phenotypes in patients with GGCX gene mutations. Thromb Res 2014; 134:856-65. [PMID: 25151188 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2014.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Revised: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Functional limitations for the vitamin K cycle, caused either by mutations in gamma-glutamyl carboxylase or vitamin K epoxide reductase genes, result in hereditary deficiency of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors (VKCFD1 and VKCFD2, respectively). Patients suffering from VKCFD often share several other anatomical irregularities which are not related to haemostasis. Here we report on nine patients, eight of them previously unreported, who presented with VKCFD1. All were examined with special attention to vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors as well as to bone and heart development and to other anatomical signs of embryonal vitamin K deficiency. In total, we detected ten mutations in the gamma-glutamyl carboxylase gene of which seven have not been previously reported. Most interestingly, additional non-bleeding phenotypes were observed in all patients including midfacial hypoplasia, premature osteoporosis, cochlear hearing loss, heart valve defects, pulmonary stenosis, or pseudoxanthoma elasticum-like phenotype. Undercarboxylated matrix Gla protein, osteocalcin, and periostin appear to be responsible for these defects which are also observed in cases of fetal warfarin syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Watzka
- Institute of Experimental Haematology and Transfusion Medicine, University Clinic Bonn, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Christof Geisen
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunohaematology, DRK Blood Donor Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, 60526 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Monika Scheer
- Pediatrics 5 (Oncology, Hematology, Immunology), Klinikum Stuttgart, Olgahospital, 70176 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Regina Wieland
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital, University of Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Verena Wiegering
- Department of Paediatric Haematology, Oncology, Paediatric Stem Cell Transplantation Program, University Children's Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Dörner
- Department of Medicine/ Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Clinical Hemostaseology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, 10098 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans-Jürgen Laws
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Center of Child and Adolescent Health, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Fatma Gümrük
- Division of Pediatric Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, 06100 Sihhiye/Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sahin Hanalioglu
- Division of Pediatric Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, 06100 Sihhiye/Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sule Unal
- Division of Pediatric Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, 06100 Sihhiye/Ankara, Turkey
| | - Davut Albayrak
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Ondokuz Mayis University, 55139 Samsun, Turkey
| | - Johannes Oldenburg
- Institute of Experimental Haematology and Transfusion Medicine, University Clinic Bonn, 53105 Bonn, Germany.
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Negi S, Sawano M, Kohsaka S, Inohara T, Shiraishi Y, Kohno T, Maekawa Y, Sano M, Yoshikawa T, Fukuda K. Prognostic implication of physical signs of congestion in acute heart failure patients and its association with steady-state biomarker levels. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96325. [PMID: 24802880 PMCID: PMC4011709 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 04/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Congestive physical findings such as pulmonary rales and third heart sound (S3) are hallmarks of acute heart failure (AHF). However, their role in outcome prediction remains unclear. We sought to investigate the association between congestive physical findings upon admission, steady-state biomarkers at the time of discharge, and long-term outcomes in AHF patients. Methods We analyzed the data of 133 consecutive AHF patients with an established diagnosis of ischemic or non-ischemic (dilated or hypertrophic) cardiomyopathy, admitted to a single-center university hospital between 2006 and 2010. The treating physician prospectively recorded major symptoms and congestive physical findings of AHF: paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, orthopnea, pulmonary rales, jugular venous distension (JVD), S3, and edema. The primary endpoint was defined as rehospitalization for HF. Results Majority (63.9%) of the patients had non-ischemic etiology and, at the time of admission, S3 was seen in 69.9% of the patients, JVD in 54.1%, and pulmonary rales in 43.6%. The mean follow-up period was 726 ± 31days. Patients with pulmonary rales (p < 0.001) and S3 (p = 0.011) had worse readmission rates than those without these findings; the presence of these findings was also associated with elevated troponin T (TnT) levels at the time of discharge (odds ratio [OR] 2.8; p = 0.02 and OR 2.6; p = 0.05, respectively). Conclusion Pulmonary rales and S3 were associated with inferior readmission rates and elevated TnT levels on discharge. The worsening of the readmission rate owing to congestive physical findings may be a consequence of on-going myocardial injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayoko Negi
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuaki Sawano
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shun Kohsaka
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Taku Inohara
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Shiraishi
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Kohno
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Maekawa
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motoaki Sano
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Keiichi Fukuda
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Losey P, Young C, Krimholtz E, Bordet R, Anthony DC. The role of hemorrhage following spinal-cord injury. Brain Res 2014; 1569:9-18. [PMID: 24792308 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Revised: 03/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Spinal-cord injury is characterized by primary damage as a direct consequence of mechanical insult, and secondary damage that is partly due to the acute inflammatory response. The extent of any hemorrhage within the injured cord is also known to be associated with the formation of intraparenchymal cavities and has been anecdotally linked to secondary damage. This study was designed to examine the contribution of blood components to the outcome of spinal-cord injury. We stereotaxically microinjected collagenase, which causes localized bleeding, into the spinal cord to model the hemorrhage associated with spinal cord injury in the absence of significant mechanical trauma. Tissue damage was observed at the collagenase injection site over time, and was associated with localized disruption of the blood-spinal-cord barrier, neuronal cell death, and the recruitment of leukocytes. The magnitude of the bleed was related to neutrophil mobilization. Interestingly, the collagenase-induced injury also provoked extended axonal damage. With this model, the down-stream effects of hemorrhage are easily discernible, and the impact of treatment strategies for spinal-cord injury on hemorrhage-related injury can be evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Losey
- Experimental Neuropathology, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; EA 1046, Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, IMPRT, University of Lille North of France, Lille, France.
| | - Christopher Young
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Emily Krimholtz
- Experimental Neuropathology, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Régis Bordet
- EA 1046, Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, IMPRT, University of Lille North of France, Lille, France.
| | - Daniel C Anthony
- Experimental Neuropathology, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; EA 1046, Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, IMPRT, University of Lille North of France, Lille, France.
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Sato T, Kameyama T, Noto T, Inoue H. Impaired macrophage production of anti-atherosclerotic interleukin-10 induced by coronary intraplaque hemorrhage in patients with acute coronary syndrome and hyperglycemia. J Diabetes Complications 2014; 28:196-202. [PMID: 24239333 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2013.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2013] [Revised: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronary intraplaque hemorrhage (IPH) accelerates atherosclerosis. Extracellular hemoglobin (Hb) released by IPH is cleared by macrophages with CD163 receptors. This process provokes secretion of the anti-atherosclerotic cytokine interleukin (IL)-10. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between macrophage accumulation and IL-10 production provoked by IPH in plaques obtained from acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients with hyperglycemia. METHODS In 50 ACS patients, atherothrombotic debris was retrieved during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The debris was stained with antibodies to CD163, glycophorin A (GPA, a marker of IPH) and IL-10. %CD163 was defined as the ratios of CD163-positive cells to all cells. %IL-10 and %GPA were defined as the ratio of positively stained areas per total tissue area. Based on glycosylated Hb [HbA1c (NGSP)] ≥ 6.5%, fasting blood sugar (FBS) ≥ 126 mg/dL, and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR>2.5), patients were divided into a diabetes mellitus (DM) group (N = 18, HbA1c ≥ 6.5% or FBS ≥ 126 mg/dL), an insulin resistance (IR) group (N = 15, HOMA-IR>2.5, HbA1c<6.5%, and FBS< 126 mg/dL), and a normal (NR) group (N = 17). RESULTS Compared to the NR group, %GPA and %CD163 were increased in the DM and IR groups. %IL-10 was similar among the three groups. However, %IL-10/%CD163 ratios were decreased in the DM (2.5 ± 0.6, P = 0.01) and IR (2.7 ± 0.8, P = 0.02) groups compared to the NR group (5.8 ± 4.7). Only in the NR group was there a significant correlation between %IL-10 and %CD163. CONCLUSIONS Impairment of the anti-inflammatory effect provoked by IPH contributes to premature atherosclerosis even in the IR group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takao Sato
- The Second Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.
| | - Tomoki Kameyama
- The Second Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | | | - Hiroshi Inoue
- The Second Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
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Lin OA, Karim ZA, Vemana HP, Espinosa EVP, Khasawneh FT. The antidepressant 5-HT2A receptor antagonists pizotifen and cyproheptadine inhibit serotonin-enhanced platelet function. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87026. [PMID: 24466319 PMCID: PMC3900701 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
There is considerable interest in defining new agents or targets for antithrombotic purposes. The 5-HT2A receptor is a G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) expressed on many cell types, and a known therapeutic target for many disease states. This serotonin receptor is also known to regulate platelet function. Thus, in our FDA-approved drug repurposing efforts, we investigated the antiplatelet activity of cyproheptadine and pizotifen, two antidepressant 5-HT2A Receptor antagonists. Our results revealed that cyproheptadine and pizotifen reversed serotonin-enhanced ADP-induced platelet aggregation in vitro and ex vivo. And the inhibitory effects of these two agents were found to be similar to that of EMD 281014, a 5-HT2A Receptor antagonist under development. In separate experiments, our studies revealed that these 5-HT2A receptor antagonists have the capacity to reduce serotonin-enhanced ADP-induced elevation in intracellular calcium levels and tyrosine phosphorylation. Using flow cytometry, we also observed that cyproheptadine, pizotifen, and EMD 281014 inhibited serotonin-enhanced ADP-induced phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure, P-selectin expression, and glycoprotein IIb-IIIa activation. Furthermore, using a carotid artery thrombosis model, these agents prolonged the time for thrombotic occlusion in mice in vivo. Finally, the tail-bleeding time was investigated to assess the effect of cyproheptadine and pizotifen on hemostasis. Our findings indicated prolonged bleeding time in both cyproheptadine- and pizotifen-treated mice. Notably, the increases in occlusion and bleeding times associated with these two agents were comparable to that of EMD 281014, and to clopidogrel, a commonly used antiplatelet drug, again, in a fashion comparable to clopidogrel and EMD 281014. Collectively, our data indicate that the antidepressant 5-HT2A antagonists, cyproheptadine and pizotifen do exert antiplatelet and thromboprotective effects, but similar to clopidogrel and EMD 281014, their use may interfere with normal hemostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia A. Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, United States of America
| | - Zubair A. Karim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, United States of America
| | - Hari Priya Vemana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, United States of America
| | - Enma V. P. Espinosa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, United States of America
| | - Fadi T. Khasawneh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Stockley J, Morgan NV, Bem D, Lowe GC, Lordkipanidzé M, Dawood B, Simpson MA, Macfarlane K, Horner K, Leo VC, Talks K, Motwani J, Wilde JT, Collins PW, Makris M, Watson SP, Daly ME. Enrichment of FLI1 and RUNX1 mutations in families with excessive bleeding and platelet dense granule secretion defects. Blood 2013; 122:4090-3. [PMID: 24100448 PMCID: PMC3862284 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2013-06-506873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We analyzed candidate platelet function disorder genes in 13 index cases with a history of excessive bleeding in association with a significant reduction in dense granule secretion and impaired aggregation to a panel of platelet agonists. Five of the index cases also had mild thrombocytopenia. Heterozygous alterations in FLI1 and RUNX1, encoding Friend leukemia integration 1 and RUNT-related transcription factor 1, respectively, which have a fundamental role in megakaryocytopoeisis, were identified in 6 patients, 4 of whom had mild thrombocytopenia. Two FLI1 alterations predicting p.Arg337Trp and p.Tyr343Cys substitutions in the FLI1 DNA-binding domain abolished transcriptional activity of FLI1. A 4-bp deletion in FLI1, and 2 splicing alterations and a nonsense variation in RUNX1, which were predicted to cause haploinsufficiency of either FLI1 or RUNX1, were also identified. Our findings suggest that alterations in FLI1 and RUNX1 may be common in patients with platelet dense granule secretion defects and mild thrombocytopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Stockley
- Department of Cardiovascular Science, University of Sheffield Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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Samuel N, Politansky AK, Hoffman R, Itzkovich S, Mandel H. Coagulopathy unmasking hepatic failure in a child with ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency. Isr Med Assoc J 2013; 15:777-779. [PMID: 24449986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nir Samuel
- Department of Pediatrics B, Meyer Children's Hospital, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel.
| | - Anat K Politansky
- Thrombosis and Hemostasis Unit, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ron Hoffman
- Thrombosis and Hemostasis Unit, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Shlomit Itzkovich
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, Meyer Children's Hospital, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Hanna Mandel
- Department of Pediatrics B, Meyer Children's Hospital, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
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83
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Wan SY, Hu YC, Zhan YQ, Qin DD, Ding Y. Hemocoagulase atrox reduces vascular modeling in rabbit carotid artery adventitia. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2013; 6:2386-2395. [PMID: 24228100 PMCID: PMC3816807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to compare the effects of hemocoagulase atrox and cauterization hemostasis on intimal hyperplasia and explore the effect of hemocoagulase atrox on vascular modeling in rabbit carotid artery adventitia. METHODS A total of 27 rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups (0d, 14d, 28d). They were anaesthetized using an intramuscular injection of phenobarbital sodium (1 ml/kg). The left and right common carotid arteries were exposed and capillary hemorrhaged after blunt dissection of the adventitia layers of common carotid arteries. Nine rabbits in each group were again randomly divided into 3 groups, in which animals were respectively treated with hemocoagulase (2 U/ml), cauterization (power = 40 w) and saline (as control). Groups of animals were euthanized at 0, 14 and 28 days after surgery. The samples were equally divided in the middle of the adventitia removal section to obtain equal parts for histologic, immunohistochemical and molecular biologic analysis. The vascular repair after adventitial stripping was observed by HE staining, Masson staining and transmission electron microscopy. The expression of carotid MCP-1, PCNA, TGF-β1, α-SMA and VEGF were measured at different time points by RT-PCR and immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS HE staining and Masson staining showed that hemocoagulase atrox had a significantly stronger effect on reducing intimal hyperplasia than the cauterization after 14 and 28 days. The results of RT-PCR showed that the expression of MCP-1, TGF-β1, α-SMA and VEGF in hemocoagulase atrox-treated animals were lower than that of cauterization-treated animals. CONCLUSION Our results suggested that hemocoagulase atrox as a topical hemostatic is safety and efficiently and it can accelerate adventitia restoration and decrease intimal proliferation.
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Choi JS, Kim YA, Kang YU, Kim CS, Bae EH, Ma SK, Ahn YK, Jeong MH, Kim SW. Clinical impact of hospital-acquired anemia in association with acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease in patients with acute myocardial infarction. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75583. [PMID: 24086579 PMCID: PMC3782440 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hospital-acquired anemia (HAA) is common in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and is an independent indicator of long-term mortality in these patients. However, limited information exists regarding the development and prognostic impact of HAA associated with acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) in AMI patients. Methods and Results We retrospectively analyzed 2,289 patients with AMI, and excluded those with anemia at admission. The study population included 1,368 patients, of whom 800 (58.5%) developed HAA. Age, Hgb level at admission, Length of hospital stay, documented in-hospital bleeding and use of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor, presence of CKD and occurrence of AKI were significantly associated with the development of HAA. HAA was significantly associated with higher 3-year mortality (4.8% and 11.4% for non-HAA and HAA patients, respectively; P < 0.001). After adjustment for multivariable confounders, the risk for long-term mortality was increased in HAA patients with AKI and/or CKD but not in HAA patients without AKI and/or CKD, compared to non-HAA patients (HAA patients without AKI and CKD, hazard ratio [HR]: 1.34, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.70–2.56; HAA patients with either AKI or CKD, HR: 2.80, 95% CI: 1.37–5.73; HAA patients with AKI and CKD, HR: 3.25, 95% CI: 1.28–8.24; compared with the non-HAA group). Conclusion AKI and CKD were strongly associated with the development of HAA in AMI patients. HAA, when accompanied by AKI or CKD, is an independent risk predictor for long-term mortality in AMI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon Seok Choi
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Young A. Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Yong Un Kang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Chang Seong Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Eun Hui Bae
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Seong Kwon Ma
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Young-Keun Ahn
- Cardiovascular Research Institute of Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Myung Ho Jeong
- Cardiovascular Research Institute of Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Soo Wan Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
- * E-mail:
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85
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Freiria-Oliveira AH, Blanch GT, De Paula PM, Menani JV, Colombari DSA. Lesion of the commissural nucleus of the solitary tract/A2 noradrenergic neurons facilitates the activation of angiotensinergic mechanisms in response to hemorrhage. Neuroscience 2013; 254:196-204. [PMID: 24060823 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Revised: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 09/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the effects of lesions of A2 neurons of the commissural nucleus of the solitary tract (cNTS) alone or combined with the blockade of angiotensinergic mechanisms on the recovery of arterial pressure (AP) to hemorrhage in conscious rats. Male Holtzman rats (280-320g) received an injection of anti-dopamine-beta-hydroxylase-saporin (12.6ng/60nl; cNTS/A2-lesion, n=28) or immunoglobulin G (IgG)-saporin (12.6ng/60nl, sham, n=24) into the cNTS and 15-21days later had a stainless steel cannula implanted in the lateral ventricle. After 6days, rats were submitted to hemorrhage (four blood withdrawals, 2ml/300g of body weight every 10min). Both cNTS/A2-lesioned and sham rats had similar hypotension to hemorrhage (-62±7 and -73±7mmHg, respectively), however cNTS/A2-lesioned rats rapidly recovered from hypotension (-5±3mmHg at 30min), whereas sham rats did not completely recover until the end of the recording (-20±3mmHg at 60min). Losartan (angiotensin type 1 receptor antagonist) injected intracerebroventricularly (100μg/1μl) or intravenously (i.v.) (10mg/kg of body weight) impaired the recovery of AP in cNTS/A2-lesioned rats (-24±6 and -35±7mmHg at 30min, respectively). In sham rats, only i.v. losartan affected the recovery of AP (-39±6mmHg at 60min). The results suggest that lesion of the A2 neurons in the cNTS facilitates the activation of the angiotensinergic pressor mechanisms in response to hemorrhage.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Freiria-Oliveira
- Department of Pathology and Physiology, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil
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Abstract
Currently, recombinant activated factor VII (rFVIIa) (NovoSeven) is indicated for the treatment of spontaneous and surgical bleeding in congenital haemophilia A and B patients with inhibitors to factors VIII (FVIII) and IX (FIX) >5 Bethesda units (BU) worldwide, and in patients with acquired haemophilia, congenital FVII deficiency and Glanzmann's thrombasthenia in Europe. Until April 2003, almost three-quarters of a milion doses of rFVIIa have been administered proving its efficacy and excellent safety record. According to results from initial clinical trials and a large number of case reports, the rFVIIa may be effective not only in treating haemophilia patients but also in treatment of bleeding in patients on oral anticoagulation or heparin, patients with liver diseases, von Willebrand disease (vWD), thrombocytopenia, various platelet defects, congenital or acquired deficiency of FVII, and in subjects without any pre-existing coagulopathy with diffuse life-threatening bleeding triggered by surgery or trauma. This review will briefly summarize rFVIIa mode of action in haemostasis, the current clinical experience with rFVIIa and focus on the alternative use of rFVIIa in patients at the high risk of bleeding in both spontaneous cases and clinical trials reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Kubisz
- Department of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Jessenius Medical School of Comenius University, Martin, Slovakia.
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Zaucker A, Mercurio S, Sternheim N, Talbot WS, Marlow FL. notch3 is essential for oligodendrocyte development and vascular integrity in zebrafish. Dis Model Mech 2013; 6:1246-59. [PMID: 23720232 PMCID: PMC3759344 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.012005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the human NOTCH3 gene cause CADASIL syndrome (cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy). CADASIL is an inherited small vessel disease characterized by diverse clinical manifestations including vasculopathy, neurodegeneration and dementia. Here we report two mutations in the zebrafish notch3 gene, one identified in a previous screen for mutations with reduced expression of myelin basic protein (mbp) and another caused by a retroviral insertion. Reduced mbp expression in notch3 mutant embryos is associated with fewer oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs). Despite an early neurogenic phenotype, mbp expression recovered at later developmental stages and some notch3 homozygous mutants survived to adulthood. These mutants, as well as adult zebrafish carrying both mutant alleles together, displayed a striking stress-associated accumulation of blood in the head and fins. Histological analysis of mutant vessels revealed vasculopathy, including: an enlargement (dilation) of vessels in the telencephalon and fin, disorganization of the normal stereotyped arrangement of vessels in the fin, and an apparent loss of arterial morphological structure. Expression of hey1, a well-known transcriptional target of Notch signaling, was greatly reduced in notch3 mutant fins, suggesting that Notch3 acts via a canonical Notch signaling pathway to promote normal vessel structure. Ultrastructural analysis confirmed the presence of dilated vessels in notch3 mutant fins and revealed that the vessel walls of presumed arteries showed signs of deterioration. Gaps in the arterial wall and the presence of blood cells outside of vessels in mutants indicated that compromised vessel structure led to hemorrhage. In notch3 heterozygotes, we found elevated expression of both notch3 itself and target genes, indicating that specific alterations in gene expression due to partial loss of Notch3 function might contribute to the abnormalities observed in heterozygous larvae and adults. Our analysis of zebrafish notch3 mutants indicates that Notch3 regulates OPC development and mbp gene expression in larvae, and maintains vascular integrity in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Zaucker
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Sara Mercurio
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Beckman Center B300, 279 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Nitzan Sternheim
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Beckman Center B300, 279 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - William S. Talbot
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Beckman Center B300, 279 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Florence L. Marlow
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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Chang H, Shih LY, Michelson AD, Dunn P, Frelinger AL, Wang PN, Kuo MC, Lin TL, Wu JH, Tang TC. Clinical and laboratory significance of defective P2Y(12) pathway function in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms: a pilot study. Acta Haematol 2013; 130:181-7. [PMID: 23751441 DOI: 10.1159/000348413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 01/20/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) have an increased risk for thrombosis and bleeding and show a defect in adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-induced platelet aggregation. This risk of thrombosis is further increased in MPN patients bearing the JAK2V617F mutation. Two ADP receptors, P2Y1 and P2Y12, are present on platelets. Although the pattern of defective ADP-induced platelet aggregation in MPN suggests an abnormality in the P2Y12 pathway, no previous studies have specifically evaluated P2Y12 function in MPN or the relationship between P2Y12 function and the JAK2V617F mutation. METHODS Forty-one MPN patients were enrolled, including 24 with essential thrombocythemia (ET), 16 with polycythemia vera (PV) and 1 with primary myelofibrosis. Platelet P2Y12 function in MPN was evaluated by flow-cytometric measurement of the phosphorylation of vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP). Clinical data were collected by review of medical records. JAK2V617F mutation was detected by allele-specific polymerase chain reaction. JAK2V617F allele burden was measured by the pyrosequencing method. RESULTS In patients with MPN, platelet P2Y12 function determined by VASP platelet reactivity index (PRI) was inversely correlated with platelet and white blood cell (WBC) counts. In subgroup analysis, PRI was inversely correlated with platelet and WBC counts in PV. PRI was also inversely correlated with platelet counts in ET, but the correlation of PRI and WBC counts did not reach statistical significance. Eight of the 41 patients had a history of thrombosis and only 2 had a bleeding history. Neither thrombosis nor bleeding patients were found to have significantly different PRIs. JAK2V617F mutation data were available in 35 cases. PRI was not different between JAK2V617F mutation and wild-type patients but PRI had a trend towards an inverse correlation with JAK2V617F allele burden for patients with mutations. CONCLUSIONS The present study provides the first explicit demonstration of a defect in the P2Y12 pathway in platelets of patients with MPN. Furthermore, platelet P2Y12 function, assayed by VASP, is inversely correlated with platelet and WBC counts in patients with MPN. Platelet P2Y12 function also appears to be inversely correlated with JAK2V617F allele burden. This compromised P2Y12 function may be a novel mechanism for the bleeding tendency associated with extreme thrombocytosis in MPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung Chang
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan, China
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Abstract
Recent evidences show that osthole possesses anti-inflammatory properties and protective effects following shock-like states, but the mechanism of these effects remains unknown. The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) pathway exerts anti-inflammatory effects in injury. The aim of this study was to investigate whether p38 MAPK plays any role in the osthole-mediated attenuation of hepatic injury after trauma-hemorrhage. Male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent trauma-hemorrhage (mean blood pressure maintained at approximately 35-40 mmHg for 90 minutes), followed by fluid resuscitation. During resuscitation, a single dose of osthole (3 mg/kg, intravenously) with and without a p38 MAPK inhibitor SB-203580 (2 mg/kg, intravenously), SB-203580 or vehicle was administered. Plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) with aspartate aminotransferase (AST) concentrations and various hepatic parameters were measured (n = 8 rats/group) at 24 hours after resuscitation. The results showed that trauma-hemorrhage increased hepatic myeloperoxidase activity, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and interleukin-6 levels, and plasma ALT and AST concentrations. These parameters were significantly improved in the osthole-treated rats subjected to trauma-hemorrhage. Osthole treatment also increased hepatic phospho-p38 MAPK expression compared with vehicle-treated trauma-hemorrhaged rats. Co-administration of SB-203580 with osthole abolished the osthole-induced beneficial effects on the above parameters and hepatic injury. These results suggest that the protective effect of osthole administration on alleviation of hepatic injury after trauma-hemorrhage, which is, at least in part, through p38 MAPK-dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huang-Ping Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (HPY); (TLH)
| | - Fu-Chao Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Fong Tsai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tsong-Long Hwang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (HPY); (TLH)
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Krishna CV, Reddy GM, Senthil Kumar AL, Mohan Rao AV. Hobnail hemangioma on the trunk. Dermatol Online J 2013; 19:18179. [PMID: 24011279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Hobnail hemangioma is a rare, benign vascular growth that typically presents in the third and fourth decades of life. It classically presents as a targetoid lesion with a violaceous central papule surrounded by a peripheral ecchymotic rim. Common sites of involvement include extremities and trunk. We present this case of hobnail hemangioma in a 10-year- old boy because of its rarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Vijay Krishna
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Leprology, Narayana Medical College and Hospital, India.
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91
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Abstract
Severe injury and infection are often followed by accelerated protein catabolism and acute insulin resistance. This results in several effects that complicate and prolong recovery, including weakness, immobility, impaired wound healing, and organ dysfunction. Recent studies have demonstrated the development of GH resistance during severe inflammation, providing a potential mechanism for the protein loss that follows injury and infection. To understand this GH resistance, we recently developed a murine model of acute injury. Mice were subjected to soft-tissue injury, alone or combined with hemorrhage, and injected iv with GH 30, 60, or 90 minutes later. Hepatic GH signaling was measured via Western analysis. GH-induced signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 phosphorylation was decreased immediately after completion of the trauma procedure, and at 30 and 60 minutes, but further decreased by 90 minutes after trauma. Combined trauma and hemorrhage resulted in severely decreased GH-induced signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 phosphorylation compared with trauma alone, and this was true at all time points studied. Western analysis revealed an apparent decrease in the molecular weight of the hepatic GH receptor (GHR) after trauma and hemorrhage, but not trauma alone. Additional studies determined that the hemorrhage-induced decrease in receptor size was not due to changes in GHR N-linked glycosylation. These results suggest that GH sensitivity is rapidly impaired after acute injury and that trauma combined with hemorrhage results in a more severe form of GH resistance resulting from alteration or inactivation of hepatic GHR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M Corrick
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294-0019, USA
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von Drygalski A, Furlan-Freguia C, Ruf W, Griffin JH, Mosnier LO. Organ-specific protection against lipopolysaccharide-induced vascular leak is dependent on the endothelial protein C receptor. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2013; 33:769-76. [PMID: 23393392 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.112.301082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the role of the endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR) in the modulation of susceptibility to inflammation-induced vascular leak in vivo. APPROACH AND RESULTS Genetically modified mice with low, <10% EPCR expression (EPCR(low)) and control mice were challenged with lipopolysaccharides in a mouse model of endotoxemia. Infrared fluorescence and quantification of albumin-bound Evans Blue in tissues and intravascular plasma volumes were used to assess plasma extravasation. Pair-wise analysis of EPCR(low) and control mice matched for sex, age, and weight allowed determination of EPCR-dependent vascular leak. Kidney, lung, and brain were the organs with highest discriminative increased Evans Blue accumulation in EPCR(low) versus control mice in response to lipopolysaccharides. Histology of kidney and lung confirmed the EPCR-specific pathology. In addition to severe kidney injury in response to lipopolysaccharides, EPCR(low) and anti-EPCR-treated wild-type mice suffered from enhanced albuminuria and profound renal hemorrhage versus controls. Intravascular volume loss at the same extent of weight loss in EPCR(low) mice compared with control mice provided proof that plasma leak was the predominant cause of Evans Blue tissue accumulation. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates an important protective role for EPCR in vivo against vascular leakage during inflammation and suggests that EPCR-dependent vascular protection is organ-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette von Drygalski
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, MEM 180, 10550 North Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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93
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de la Cuesta F, Alvarez-Llamas G, Maroto AS, Barderas MG, Vivanco F. Laser microdissection and saturation labeling DIGE method for the analysis of human arteries. Methods Mol Biol 2013; 1000:21-32. [PMID: 23585081 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-405-0_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Laser microdissection (LMD) is a novel methodology for noncontact isolation of tissue regions or cells for subsequent molecular analysis. Although it is an upcoming field, its combination with proteomics for differential analysis remains not very well explored, since amount of protein obtained after LMD is scarce. We have combined LMD arterial layer isolation with saturation labeling DIGE, successfully achieving differential analysis of healthy and pathological intima and media layers. Identification of differential spots could be performed in whole tissue extract as reference proteome, since studied regions are subproteomes of the aforementioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando de la Cuesta
- Department of Vascular Physiopathology, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, SESCAM, Toledo, Spain
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94
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Kuznik BI. [Coagulation and fibrinolytic activity of lymph in various pathological conditions (review of own and literature data)]. Patol Fiziol Eksp Ter 2013:99-108. [PMID: 23805723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The review presents information by the author and his collaborators, as well as literature data on the coagulation of lymph in blood loss, convulsive syndrome, trauma, crush syndrome, bums, injections of thrombin and heparin, an experimental thrombosis and other pathological conditions. It is shown that the coagulation of lymph in the development of pathological conditions in tissues may outpace changes observed in the blood. We present evidence that dissolution of fibrin clots in the lymph tissue if damaged, is many times faster than in the blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- B I Kuznik
- Chita State Medical Academy, Chita, Russia
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95
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Li SY, Shao Y, Li ZD, Li L, Chen YY, Chen YJ, Huang P. Time-dependent FTIR spectral changes in rats of massive hemorrhage death during the later postmortem period. Fa Yi Xue Za Zhi 2012; 28:241-246. [PMID: 23033659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to investigate the spectra in the different organs of the rats which died of massive hemorrhage; to explore their spectral changes 15 days postmortem and the best mathematical model with different band absorption ratio changes to postmortem interval(PMI); and to compare the spectral changes of different temperature. Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were sacrificed by cutting abdominal aorta, and the cadavers were divided equally and kept at 4 degrees C, 20 degrees C and 30 degrees C in the control chamber. From the same rat, seven different organs were sampled at intervals of 1-15 days postmortem, and then measured by Fourier transfom infrared (FTIR) spectrometer. Six mathematical model functions were explored. The absorbance of bands and band absorbance ratios of absorption peak in each organ showed a time-dependent increase or decrease, most band absorbance ratios remaining stable for 7-15 days postmortem. Cubic model functions of the various bands absorbance ratios against PMI showed a stronger related coefficient. The absorbance bands with obvious changes at 20 degrees C showed stabilized tendencies at 4 degrees C and significant changes at 30 degrees C within 15 days postmortem. In addition, FTIR spectroscopy revealed a time-dependent metabolic process, with potential of being used to estimate PMI during 7 days postmortem, which merits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Ying Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai 200063, PR China.
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96
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Denis CV, Lenting PJ. von Willebrand factor: at the crossroads of bleeding and thrombosis. Int J Hematol 2012; 95:353-61. [PMID: 22477538 PMCID: PMC3677142 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-012-1041-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2011] [Revised: 01/19/2012] [Accepted: 02/06/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hemostasis and thrombosis represent two sides of the same coin. Hemostasis maintains blood fluidity in the vascular system while allowing for rapid thrombus formation to prevent excessive hemorrhage after blood vessel injury. Thrombosis is a pathologic extension of the normal hemostatic mechanism, occurring when unwanted clot formation develops in certain pathological situations. The molecular mechanisms underlying both phenomena are fundamentally identical. One of the key players in both processes is the plasma glycoprotein von Willebrand factor, which perfectly illustrates this duality between hemostatic and thrombotic mechanisms. The purpose of this review is to discuss novel findings on the role of von Willebrand factor at this interface, and how some of these findings may help develop new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile V Denis
- INSERM U770, 80 rue du General Leclerc, 94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.
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97
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Wang L, Wang W, Shah PK, Song L, Yang M, Sharifi BG. Deletion of tenascin-C gene exacerbates atherosclerosis and induces intraplaque hemorrhage in Apo-E-deficient mice. Cardiovasc Pathol 2012; 21:398-413. [PMID: 22300502 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2011.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2011] [Revised: 12/13/2011] [Accepted: 12/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Tenascin-C (TNC), a matricellular protein, is up-regulated in atherosclerotic plaques. We investigated whether the deletion of TNC gene affects the development of atherosclerosis in a murine model. METHODS TNC-/-/apo E-/- mice were generated and used for atherosclerosis studies. We compared these results to those observed in control groups of apo E-/- mice. RESULTS The en face analysis of aortic area showed that the mean aortic lesion area of the double knockout (KO) mice was significantly higher than that of control mice at different times after feeding of atherogenic diet; the accumulation of lesional macrophages and lipids was significantly higher. Analysis of cell adhesion molecules revealed that vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), but not intercellular adhesion molecule-1, was up-regulated 1 week after feeding of atherogenic diet in the double KO mouse as compared to apo E-/- mouse. Cell culture studies revealed that the expression of VCAM-1 in endothelial cells isolated from the double KO mouse is more sensitive to the tumor necrosis factor α stimulation than the cells isolated from apo E-/- mice. Cell adhesion studies showed that the adherence of RAW monocytic cells to the endothelial cells was significantly enhanced in the cultured endothelial cells from the TNC gene-deleted cells. Following the prolonged feeding of an atherogenic diet (28-30 weeks), the aortic and carotid atherosclerotic lesions frequently demonstrated large grossly visible areas of intraplaque hemorrhage in the double KO mice compared to control. CONCLUSIONS These data unveil a protective role for TNC in atherosclerosis and suggest that TNC signaling may have the potential to reduce atherosclerosis, in part by modulating VCAM-1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lai Wang
- Oppenheimer Atherosclerosis Research Center and the Division of Cardiology, Cedars Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
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98
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Abstract
Massive bleeding accounts for more than 50% of all trauma-related deaths within the first 48h following hospital admission and it can significantly raise the mortality rate of any kind of surgery. Despite this great clinical relevance, evidence on the management of massive bleeding is surprisingly scarce, and its treatment is often based on empirical grounds. Successful treatment of massive haemorrhage depends on better understanding of the associated physiological changes as well as on good team work among the different specialists involved in the management of such a complex condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Marietta
- Dipartimento Integrato di Oncologia, Ematologia e Patologie dell'Apparto Respiratorio, U.O.C. di Ematologia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena, Italy.
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99
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Abraham P, Isaac B, Ramamoorthy H, Natarajan K. Oral glutamine attenuates cyclophosphamide-induced oxidative stress in the bladder but does not prevent hemorrhagic cystitis in rats. J Med Toxicol 2011; 7:118-24. [PMID: 20661687 DOI: 10.1007/s13181-010-0103-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclophosphamide (CP) is widely used in the treatment of cancer and non-malignant disease states such as rheumatoid arthritis. Hemorrhagic cystitis is a major dose-limiting side effect of CP. The incidence of this side effect is related to the dosage and can be as high as 75%. Elimination of the side effects of CP can lead to better tolerance of the drug, and a more efficient therapy can be achieved for patients in need of CP treatment. Several studies have demonstrated that oxidative stress and neutrophil infiltration play important roles in CP-induced bladder damage. Glutamine is utilized under clinical conditions for preventing chemotherapeutic drug-induced side effects, based on its ability to attenuate oxidative stress. The aim of the study is to verify whether glutamine prevents CP-induced oxidative stress and bladder damage using a rat model. Adult male rats were administered 150 mg/kg body weight of CP intraperitoneally. Glutamine pretreated rats were administered 1 g/kg body weight of glutamine orally 2 h before the administration of CP. Vehicle/glutamine-treated rats served as controls. All the rats were killed 16 h after the dose of CP/vehicle. The urinary bladders were removed and used for light microscopic and biochemical studies. The markers of oxidative stress including malondialdehyde content, protein carbonyl content, protein thiol, and myeloperoxidase activity, a marker of neutrophil infiltration, were measured in bladder homogenates. CP treatment induced hemorrhagic cystitis in the rats. Pretreatment with glutamine significantly reduced CP-induced lipid peroxidation (p < 0.01), protein oxidation (p < 0.01), and increase in myeloperoxidase activity (p < 0.05). However, it did not prevent CP-induced bladder damage. The results of the present study show that glutamine pretreatment does not attenuate CP-induced hemorrhagic cystitis, although it prevents CP-induced oxidative stress and neutrophil infiltration significantly. It is therefore necessary to clarify the utility of glutamine as a chemoprotective agent before it is recommended in the market as a nutrient supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Premila Abraham
- Department of Biochemistry, Christian Medical College, Bagayam, Vellore, 632002, Tamil Nadu, India.
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100
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Pericacho M, Alonso-Martín S, Larrucea S, González-Manchón C, Fernández D, Sánchez I, Ayuso MS, Parrilla R. Diminished thrombogenic responses by deletion of the Podocalyxin Gene in mouse megakaryocytes. PLoS One 2011; 6:e26025. [PMID: 22016802 PMCID: PMC3189243 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0026025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2011] [Accepted: 09/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Podocalyxin (Podxl) is a type I membrane sialoprotein of the CD34 family, originally described in the epithelial glomerular cells of the kidney (podocytes) in which it plays an important function. Podxl can also be found in megakaryocytes and platelets among other extrarenal places. The surface exposure of Podxl upon platelet activation suggested it could play some physiological role. To elucidate the function of Podxl in platelets, we generated mice with restricted ablation of the podxl gene in megakaryocytes using the Cre-LoxP gene targeting methodology. Mice with Podxl-null megakaryocytes did not show any apparent phenotypical change and their rates of growth, life span and fertility did not differ from the floxed controls. However, Podxl-null mice showed prolonged bleeding time and decreased platelet aggregation in response to physiological agonists. The number, size-distribution and polyploidy of Podxl-null megakaryocytes were similar to the floxed controls. Podxl-null platelets showed normal content of surface receptors and normal activation by agonists. However, the mice bearing Podxl-null platelets showed a significant retardation in the ferric chloride-induced occlusion of the carotid artery. Moreover, acute thrombosis induced by the i.v. injection of sublethal doses of collagen and phenylephrine produced a smaller fall in the number of circulating platelets in Podxl-null mice than in control mice. In addition, perfusion of uncoagulated blood from Podxl-null mice in parallel flow chamber showed reduced adhesion of platelets and formation of aggregates under high shear stress. It is concluded that platelet Podxl is involved in the control of hemostasis acting as a platelet co-stimulator, likely due to its pro-adhesive properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sonia Alonso-Martín
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Larrucea
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Hospital de Cruces, Baracaldo, Spain
| | - Consuelo González-Manchón
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Inés Sánchez
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Matilde S. Ayuso
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto Parrilla
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
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