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Duan R, Guan X, Huang K, Zhang Y, Li S, Xia J, Shen M. Flavonoids from Whole-Grain Oat Alleviated High-Fat Diet-Induced Hyperlipidemia via Regulating Bile Acid Metabolism and Gut Microbiota in Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:7629-7640. [PMID: 34213907 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c01813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A high-fat diet (HFD) causes hyperlipidemia, which worsens disturbances in bile acid (BA) metabolism and gut microbiota. This study aimed to investigate the regulation of flavonoids from whole-grain oat (FO) on BA metabolism and gut microbiota in HFD-induced hyperlipidemic mice. The experiment results showed that FO improved serum lipid profiles and decreased body weight and lipid deposition in HFD-fed mice. Through real-time qualitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and Western blot assays, by up-regulating the expression of PPARα, CPT-1, CYP7A1, FXR, TGR5, NTCP, and BSTP, and down-regulating those of SREBP-1c, FAS, and ASBT, FO suppressed lipogenesis, promoted lipolysis and BA synthesis, and efflux to faeces via the FXR pathway. 16s rRNA sequencing revealed that FO significantly increased Akkermansia and significantly decreased Lachnoclostridium, Blautia, Colidextribacter, and Desulfovibrio. Spearman's correlation analysis showed that these bacteria were strongly correlated with hyperlipidemia-related parameters. Therefore, our results indicated that FO possessed an antihyperlipidemic effect via regulating the gut-liver axis, i.e., BA metabolism and gut microbiota.
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Wang K, Wang Y, Zhao R, Gong L, Wang L, He Q, Chen L, Qin J. Relationship between childhood secondhand smoke exposure and the occurrence of hyperlipidaemia and coronary heart disease among Chinese non-smoking women: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e048590. [PMID: 34226229 PMCID: PMC8258554 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-048590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure during childhood on type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia and coronary heart disease among Chinese non-smoking women. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, the SHS exposure data in childhood were obtained using a questionnaire survey. Self-reported childhood SHS exposure was defined as the presence of at least one parent who smoked during childhood. RESULTS Of the 6522 eligible participants, 2120 Chinese women who had never smoked were assessed. The prevalence of SHS exposure in the entire population was 28.1% (596). SHS exposure during childhood was not significant for the standard risk factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus (p=0.628) and hypertension (p=0.691). However, SHS was positively associated with hyperlipidaemia (p=0.037) after adjusting for age, obesity, education status, physical activity, alcohol consumption, current SHS exposure status, diabetes mellitus and hypertension. In addition, childhood SHS increased the occurrence of coronary heart disease (p=0.045) among non-smokers after further adjusting for hyperlipidaemia. CONCLUSION SHS exposure during childhood is associated with prevalent hyperlipidaemia and coronary heart disease in adulthood among non-smoking Chinese women.
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Hübel C, Herle M, Santos Ferreira DL, Abdulkadir M, Bryant-Waugh R, Loos RJF, Bulik CM, Lawlor DA, Micali N. Childhood overeating is associated with adverse cardiometabolic and inflammatory profiles in adolescence. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12478. [PMID: 34127697 PMCID: PMC8203659 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90644-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Childhood eating behaviour contributes to the rise of obesity and related noncommunicable disease worldwide. However, we lack a deep understanding of biochemical alterations that can arise from aberrant eating behaviour. In this study, we prospectively associate longitudinal trajectories of childhood overeating, undereating, and fussy eating with metabolic markers at age 16 years to explore adolescent metabolic alterations related to specific eating patterns in the first 10 years of life. Data are from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (n = 3104). We measure 158 metabolic markers with a high-throughput (1H) NMR metabolomics platform. Increasing childhood overeating is prospectively associated with an adverse cardiometabolic profile (i.e., hyperlipidemia, hypercholesterolemia, hyperlipoproteinemia) in adolescence; whereas undereating and fussy eating are associated with lower concentrations of the amino acids glutamine and valine, suggesting a potential lack of micronutrients. Here, we show associations between early behavioural indicators of eating and metabolic markers.
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Lu Y, Ding H, Jiang X, Zhang H, Ma A, Hu Y, Li Z. Effects of the extract from peanut meal fermented with Bacillus natto and Monascus on lipid metabolism and intestinal barrier function of hyperlipidemic mice. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2021; 101:2561-2569. [PMID: 33063356 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperlipidemia is one of the metabolic disorders that poses a great threat to human health. This study is aimed at investigating the potential hypolipidemic properties of extract from peanut meal fermented with Bacillus natto and Monascus in mice fed with a high-fat diet. Herein, 60 male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into six groups: four control groups, comprised of a normal group, a model (M) group, a positive control group (atorvastatin 10 mg kg-1 ), and a nonfermented peanut meal extract group (150 mg kg-1 ), and two experimental groups, comprised of a fermented peanut meal extract low-dose group (50 mg kg-1 ) and a fermented peanut meal extract high-dose group (FH, 150 mg kg-1 ). RESULTS Body weight (P = 0.001) and levels of serum total cholesterol (P = 0.007), triacylglycerol (P = 0.040), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P < 0.001), and leptin (P < 0.001) were remarkably decreased in the FH group, whereas the serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were increased (P < 0.001) by 78.3% compared with the M group. Ileum tissue stained with hematoxylin and eosin showed that the ileal villus detachments in mice were improved, and the villus height was increased by supplementation with extract from fermented peanut meal. Moreover, the expressions of intestinal ZO-1 (P = 0.003) and occludin (P = 0.013) were elevated in the FH group, compared with the M group. CONCLUSION Extract of peanut meal fermented by B. natto and Monascus can effectively improve hyperlipidemia caused by a high-fat diet in mice, via regulating leptin and blood lipid levels, and protect the intestinal mucosal barrier, which provides evidence for its anti-hyperlipidemia effects and is a research basis for potential industrial development. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Song H, Shen X, Wang F, Li Y, Zheng X. Black Current Anthocyanins Improve Lipid Metabolism and Modulate Gut Microbiota in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e2001090. [PMID: 33559369 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202001090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE This study aimed to explore the anti-obesity potential of blackcurrant anthocyanins (BCA) and investigate the correlation between the gut microbiota and the BCA-induced beneficial effects. METHODS AND RESULTS Male C57BL/6J mice (n = 36) are randomly assigned into low-fat diet group (LFD), high-fat diet group (HFD), and BCA group feeding HFD supplemented with BCA for 12 weeks. Body weight and food intake are monitored weekly. Obesity-related biochemical indexes and the expression levels of genes related to lipid metabolism are determined. Amplicon sequencing of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene is conducted to analyze the gut microbiota structure, and spearman correlation analysis is used to determine the correlations between gut microbiota and obesity-related indicators. The results showed that BCA treatment alleviated HFD-induced obesity, hyperlipemia, and hepatic steatosis. Moreover, BCA supplement improved hepatic lipid metabolism by regulating the expression of genes related to the synthesis and degradation of lipids and cholesterols. Microbial analysis revealed that BCA supplementation significantly changed the overall structure and composition of the gut microbiota, and resulted in an enrichment of Akkermansia_muciniphila, which is negatively correlated with the physical biomarkers. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that BCA supplement could be a beneficial treatment for preventing HFD-induced obesity by targeting microbiota.
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Ma WQ, Sun XJ, Zhu Y, Liu NF. Metformin attenuates hyperlipidaemia-associated vascular calcification through anti-ferroptotic effects. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 165:229-242. [PMID: 33513420 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a form of regulated cell death that involves metabolic dysfunction resulting from iron-dependent excessive lipid peroxidation. Elevated plasma levels of free fatty acids are tightly associated with cardiometabolic risk factors in patients with obesity, diabetes mellitus, and metabolic syndrome. Metformin (Met) is an antidiabetic drug with beneficial cardiovascular disease effects. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of Met on ferroptosis induced by lipid overload and the effects of these changes on vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) calcification. We developed a hyperlipidaemia-related vascular calcification in vivo model with rats fed a high-fat diet combined with vitamin D3 plus nicotine, and palmitic acid (PA), the most abundant long-chain saturated fatty acid in plasma, was used to induce lipid overload and develop an oxidative stress-related calcification model in vitro. The results showed that Met inhibits hyperlipidaemia-associated calcium deposition in the rat aortic tissue. In vitro, treatment of VSMCs with PA stimulates ferroptosis concomitant with increased calcium deposition in VSMCs, while pretreatment with Met attenuates these effects. Furthermore, PA also promotes the protein expression of the extracellular matrix protein periostin (POSTN) and its secretion into the extracellular environment. More importantly, upregulation of POSTN increased the sensitivity of cells to ferroptosis. Mechanistically, upregulation of POSTN suppresses SLC7A11 expression through the inhibition of p53 in VSMCs, which contributes to a decrease in glutathione synthesis and therefore triggers ferroptosis. Interestingly, overexpression of p53 attenuates the inhibitory effect of POSTN on SLC7A11 expression, accompanied by increased Gpx4 expression. Furthermore, p53 knockdown suppresses Met-mediated anti-ferroptosis effects in PA-treated VSMCs, which may be related to the downregulation of SLC7A11 expression. In addition, supplementation of VSMCs with Met enhances the antioxidative capacity of VSMCs through Nrf2 signalling activation. Collectively, targeting POSTN in VSMCs may provide a new strategy for vascular calcification prevention or treatment.
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Wang Y, You Y, Tian Y, Sun H, Li X, Wang X, Wang Y, Liu J. Pediococcus pentosaceus PP04 Ameliorates High-Fat Diet-Induced Hyperlipidemia by Regulating Lipid Metabolism in C57BL/6N Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:15154-15163. [PMID: 33300795 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c05060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, Pediococcus pentococcus PP04 isolated from the Northeast pickled cabbage had good gastrointestinal tolerance and can colonize in the intestine stably. C57BL/6N mice were fed a high-fat diet to build animal models and treated with Pediococcus pentosaceus PP04 to evaluate the antihyperlipidemia effect. After 8 weeks, the indicators of hyperlipidemia, liver injury, and inflammation were measured. The treatment of P. pentosaceus PP04 reduced the gain of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), free fatty acids (FFAs), leptin, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lipopolysaccharides (LPS), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) significantly. The western blotting results suggested P. pentosaceus PP04 ameliorated high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemia by the AMPK signaling pathway, which stimulated lipolysis via upregulation of PPARα and inhibited lipogenesis by downregulation of SREBP-1c, fatty acid synthase (FAS), and stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1) mainly. Furthermore, P. pentosaceus PP04 improved high-fat diet-induced oxidative stress effectively by triggering the Nrf2/CYP2E1 signaling pathway that enhanced the antioxidant activity including superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px).
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Wang YQ, Li SJ, Man YH, Zhuang G. Serum metabonomics coupled with HPLC-LTQ/orbitrap MS and multivariate data analysis on the ameliorative effects of Bidens bipinnata L. in hyperlipidemic rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 262:113196. [PMID: 32730873 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Hyperlipidemia (HLP) is a prevalence chronic cardiovascular disease, which is treated by traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in China. More and more attention has been paid to the application of metabolomics in the study of TCM. Bidens bipinnata L. (BBL), a folk medicine in contemporary China, has the efficacy in the treatment of hyperlipidemia (HLP) in China. However, little is known of the underlying mechanism of BBL. This research aimed to investigate ameliorative effects of BBL on hyperlipidemic rats and explore the mechanism by metabolomics method. MATERIALS AND METHODS Hyperlipidemic rats were established by high fat diet (HFD). Biochemical assay was used to evaluate the efficacy of BBL. A metabolomics approach based on high performance liquid chromatography-linear ion trap/orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (HPLC-LTQ/orbitrap MS) was performed to analyze the serum biomarkers from model group, control group and BBL group. Principle component analysis (PCA) and partial least-squares discriminate analysis (PLS-DA) were utilized to identify differences of metabolic profiles in rats among the three groups. In order to identify possible pathways that were affected by HLP, the identified endogenous metabolites were analyzed by using MetaboAnalyst. In the network pharmacology study, our research group found that PPAR signaling pathway was the most important pathway of BBL in the treatment of HLP. Then, it was found that changes in the major metabolic pathways would affect the PPAR signaling pathway through comprehensive analysis based on KEGG database. Therefore, the expression of key genes in the PPAR signaling pathway was detected by real-time quantitative fluorescence PCR (RT-qPCR). RESULTS Six metabolites, which showed a significantly restoring trend from HLP to normal condition, were regarded as potential biomarkers of BBL treatment. The levels of phosphorylcholine, mevalonic acid and leukotriene B4 (LTB4) increased significantly (P < 0.01) in hyperlipidemic rats, while the levels of linoleic acid, arachidonic acid (AA) and lysophosphatidylcholine (18:0) (Lyso PC (18:0)) decreased significantly (P < 0.01) in comparison with control rats. Those endogenous metabolites were chiefly involved in linoleic acid metabolism, AA metabolism and terpenoid backbone biosynthesis. According to the results of RT-qPCR analysis, the mRNA expressions of PPAR α, PPAR β and PPARγ in model group were difference compared with control group. And the expression difference could be regulated closer to normal level after BBL intervention. CONCLUSIONS The results of biochemical assay, serum metabolic pattern and RT-qPCR analysis showed that BBL could exert a significant improvement on lipid levels, liver function, renal function, as well as the mRNA expression level of PPAR signaling pathway.
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Xu J, Li M, Zhang Y, Chu S, Huo Y, Zhao J, Wan C. Huangjinya Black Tea Alleviates Obesity and Insulin Resistance via Modulating Fecal Metabolome in High-Fat Diet-Fed Mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2020; 64:e2000353. [PMID: 33002297 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202000353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Huangjinya is a light-sensitive tea mutant containing low levels of tea polyphenols. Currently, most studies focused on characteristics formation, free amino acid metabolism and phytochemical purification. The biological activity of Huangjinya black tea (HJBT) on metabolic syndrome regarding fecal metabolome modulation is unavailable and is studied herein. METHODS AND RESULTS High-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice are treated with HJBT for 9 weeks, various metabolic biomarkers and fecal metabolites are determined. HJBT reduces adipogenic and lipogenic gene expression, enhances lipolytic gene expression, decreases adipocyte expansion, and prevents the development of obesity. HJBT reduces lipogenic gene expression, increases fatty acid oxidation-related genes expression, which alleviates liver steatosis. HJBT enhances glucose/insulin tolerance, increases insulin/Akt signaling, attenuates hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia, prevents the onset of insulin resistance. HJBT modulates bile acid metabolism, promotes secondary/primary bile acid ratio; increases short-chain fatty acids production, promotes saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids content; reduces carnitines and phosphocholines, but increases myo-inositol content; decreases branched-chain and aromatic amino acids content; increases the metabolite content related to pentose phosphate pathway. CONCLUSION This study reported the association between fecal metabolome modulation and metabolism improvement due to HJBT administration, proposes HJBT as a dietary intervention for preventing obesity and metabolic disorders.
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Hao M, Guan Z, Gao Y, Xing J, Zhou X, Wang C, Xu J, Li W. Huang-Qi San ameliorates hyperlipidemia with obesity rats via activating brown adipocytes and converting white adipocytes into brown-like adipocytes. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 78:153292. [PMID: 32777487 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brown adipose tissue (BAT) activation is a promising therapeutic target to treat hyperlipidemia with obesity. Huang-Qi San (HQS), an traditional Chinese medicine, can ameliorate hyperlipidemia with obesity, but its mechanism of action (MOA) is not understood. PURPOSE To articulate the MOA for HQS with animal models. METHODS The main chemical constituents of HQS were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) based assay. Hyperlipidemia with obesity rat models induced by high-fat diet were employed in the study. The levels of the fasting plasma glucose (FPG), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) were measured to evaluate the ability of HQS to ameliorate hyperlipidemia with obesity. Pathological analyses of organs were conducted with Oil Red O staining, hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining and transmission electron microscopy. The expression of mRNAs related to thermogenic genes, fatty acid oxidation-related genes and mitochondria biogenic genes were examined by quantitative real-time PCR. The protein expressions of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) were investigated by immunohistochemistry and western blot. Simultaneously, the protein expression of PR domain containing 16 (PRDM16), ATP synthase F1 subunit alpha (ATP5A) was detected by western blot. RESULTS HQS ameliorates metabolic disorder, lipid ectopic deposition, obesity and maintained glucose homeostasis in hyperlipidemia with obesity rats. HQS can significantly increase the number of mitochondria and reduced the size of the intracellular lipid droplets in BAT, and increase the expression of BAT activation-related genes (UCP1, PGC1α, PGC1β, Prdm16, CD137, TBX1, CPT1a, PPARα, Tfam, NRF1 and NRF2) in vivo. Furthermore, UCP1, PRDM16 and ATP5A proteins of BAT were increased. CONCLUSION HQS can activate BAT and browning of S-WAT (subcutaneous white adipose tissue) through activating the PRDM16/PGC1α/UCP1 pathway, augmenting mitochondrial biogenesis and fatty acid oxidation to increase thermogenesis and energy expenditure, resulting in a significant amelioration of hyperlipidemia with obesity. Therefore, HQS is an effective therapeutic medicine for the treatment of hyperlipidemia with obesity.
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Shih DP, Wen CT, Kuo HW, Liang WM, Liu LF, Su CT, Wang JY. Spousal Concordance in Dietary Behaviors and Metabolic Components, and Their Association: A Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12113332. [PMID: 33138145 PMCID: PMC7692615 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to investigate spousal concordance in dietary behaviors, spousal concordance in metabolic components (MCs), and their association. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Taiwan from November 2014 to May 2015. Matched-pair analysis, McNemar’s test, logistic regression analysis, and stratified analysis were performed. A total of 901 pairs of spouses (1802 participants) were analyzed. Husbands were less likely to report intakes of high-fiber food (ORMP (matched pairs odds ratio) = 0.30, p < 0.0001), fish (ORMP = 0.74, p = 0.0128), biscuits or cakes (ORMP = 0.60, p < 0.0001), and fast food (ORMP = 0.65, p = 0.01) compared with their wives. Husbands had significantly higher odds of being overweight (ORMP = 2.34, p < 0.0001); and of having hypertension (ORMP = 2.14, p < 0.0001), hypercholesterolemia (ORMP = 1.75, p = 0.0007), hyperlipidemia (ORMP = 2.96, p < 0.0001), and one or more metabolic components (composite MCs) (ORMP = 2.50, p < 0.0001) compared with their wives. After adjusting for age and education, the spousal concordance in high-fiber food intake was inversely associated with the spousal concordance in composite MCs (aOR = 0.62, 95% CI = 0.44–0.88, p = 0.0074), whereas the spousal concordance in processed food intake was positively associated with the concordance in composite MCs (aOR (adjusted odds ratio) = 1.56, 95% CI (Confidence Interval) = 1.03–2.36, p = 0.034). An intervention study for couples with intakes of different fiber foods and/or processed foods is critical for future study, in order to test what kinds of fiber foods/processed foods are associated with the development of the spousal concordance of metabolic components.
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Baumer Y, Dey AK, Gutierrez-Huerta CA, Khalil NO, Sekine Y, Sanda GE, Zhuang J, Saxena A, Stempinski E, Elnabawi YA, Dagur PK, Ng Q, Teague HL, Keel A, Rodante JA, Boisvert WA, Tsoi LC, Gudjonsson JE, Bleck CKE, Chen MY, Bluemke DA, Gelfand JM, Schwartz DM, Kruth HS, Powell-Wiley TM, Playford MP, Mehta NN. Hyperlipidaemia and IFNgamma/TNFalpha Synergism are associated with cholesterol crystal formation in Endothelial cells partly through modulation of Lysosomal pH and Cholesterol homeostasis. EBioMedicine 2020; 59:102876. [PMID: 32646751 PMCID: PMC7502673 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation plays an important role in the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Patients with chronic inflammation diseases have high levels of inflammation and early fatal myocardial infarction due to early, unstable coronary plaques. Cholesterol crystals (CC) play a key role in atherogenesis. However, the underlying mechanisms of endothelial cell (EC)-derived CC formation are not well understood in chronic inflammation. METHODS We utilized a combination of a mouse psoriasis model (K14-Rac1V12 mouse model) and human psoriasis patients to study the effect of inflammatory cytokines on CC formation in ECs. Lysosomal pH, alterations in lipid load and inflammatory proteins were evaluated as potential mechanisms linking inflammatory cytokines to CC formation. Coronary CT angiography was performed (n = 224) to characterize potential IFNγ and TNFα synergism on vascular diseases in vivo. FINDINGS We detected CC presence in the aorta of K14-Rac1V12 mice on chow diet. IFNγ and TNFα were found to synergistically increase LDL-induced CC formation by almost 2-fold. There was an increase in lysosomal pH accompanied by a 28% loss in pH-dependent lysosomal signal and altered vATPaseV1E1 expression patterns. In parallel, we found that LDL+IFNγ/TNFα treatments increased free cholesterol content within EC and led to a decrease in SOAT-1 expression, an enzyme critically involved cholesterol homeostasis. Finally, the product of IFNγ and TNFα positively associated with early non-calcified coronary burden in patients with psoriasis (n = 224; β = 0.28, p < 0.001). INTERPRETATION Our results provide evidence that IFNγ and TNFα accelerate CC formation in endothelial cells in part by altering lysosomal pH and free cholesterol load. These changes promote early atherogenesis and contribute to understanding the burden of CVD in psoriasis. FUNDING Funding was provided by the Intramural Research Program at NIH (NNM) and the National Psoriasis Foundation (NNM and YB).
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Zhang F, Zhang X, Yu J, Tan Y, Guo P, Wu C. The gut microbiota confers the lipid-lowering effect of bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.) In high-fat diet (HFD)-Induced hyperlipidemic mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 131:110667. [PMID: 32861068 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The bitter melon (Momordica charantia) is a medical food with well-documented hypoglycemic and anti-hyperlipidemic activities. Previous studies showed that the M. charantia fruit (MC) could modulate the gut microbiota, but whether this modulation is essential for MC's pharmacological effects is largely unknown. Here, we assessed the causality of gut microbes in MC-elicited anti-hyperlipidemic effects for the first time. Oral administration of MC significantly prevented hyperlipidemia, but this amelioration substantially diminished when co-treated with antibiotics. Transplantation of gut flora from MC-treated donor mice also significantly decreased serum lipids. The microbiological analysis revealed that MC moderately increased diversity and shifted the overall structure of gut microbiota. It selectively enhanced the relative abundance of short-chain fatty acid (SCFAs)-producing genera and increased fecal SCFAs content. These results demonstrate that M. charantia fruit (MC) may exert an anti-hyperlipidemic effect through modulating gut microbes and increasing SCFAs production.
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Si X, Tian J, Shu C, Wang Y, Gong E, Zhang Y, Zhang W, Cui H, Li B. Serum Ceramide Reduction by Blueberry Anthocyanin-Rich Extract Alleviates Insulin Resistance in Hyperlipidemia Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:8185-8194. [PMID: 32692177 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c01931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Blueberry anthocyanin-rich extract (BAE) was supplemented to high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice to investigate sphingolipid metabolism modulating factors involved in the attenuated hyperinsulinemia and hyperlipidemia. A BAE-containing diet effectively controlled food intake and liver weight and significantly attenuated insulin resistance triggered by a HFD. Higher BAE (200 mg/kg of body weight) administration performed more efficiently in the improvement of hepatic steatosis and adipocyte hypertrophy, together with distinct suppressions in serum triacylglycerol and cholesterol in total and species. Serum lipid compositions revealed 200 mg/kg of BAE supplementation remarkably suppressed ceramide accumulation. Consistently, genes encoding enzymes associated with sphingomyelin conversion and ceramide de novo synthesis were modulated toward a healthy direction for restrained sphingolipid accumulation. Further, the inhibited mRNA expressions of protein phosphatase 2A and protein kinase Cζ involved in blocking Akt phosphorylation connected the controlled ceramides with the restored insulin sensitivity.
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Godea Lupei S, Ciubotariu D, Danciu M, Lupușoru RV, Ghiciuc CM, Cernescu I, Gheţu N, Lupei M, Lupușoru CE. Improvement in serum lipids and liver morphology after supplementation of the diet with fish oil is more evident under regular feeding conditions than under high-fat or mixed diets in rats. Lipids Health Dis 2020; 19:162. [PMID: 32631338 PMCID: PMC7339424 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-020-01339-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary n- 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have a role in preventing cardiovascular and hepatic diseases. However, their effects might differ significantly depending on individual dietary patterns. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with ω-3 fatty acids (FA), administered in different schedules, on hepatic and aortic histological structure, lipid profile, and body weight (BW) in male Wistar rats under standard (SD), high-fat diet (HFD) and mixed feeding conditions. METHODS PUFA treatment consisted of the administration of 50 mg/kg fish oil (FO) daily by oral gavage. HFD was obtained by adding a suspension of 4% cholesterol, thiouracil and cholic acid to the animals' drinking water. The rats were maintained on the diets for 6 weeks, and different schedules of PUFA administration were used. At 14, 28, and 42 days, the morphology of liver and aortic samples and the levels of total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), and triglycerides (TG) were assessed. RESULTS The HFD groups exhibited significant hyperlipidemia and aortic inflammation, with progression to atherogenesis after 6 weeks. Administration of PUFAs slightly attenuated the aortic changes in these groups and reduced the liver's tendency to steatosis. FO-induced metabolic improvement was more evident in SD than in HFD rats. For instance, after the first 2 weeks, SD animals that received PUFAs had significantly increased HDL levels vs. controls (62.375 ± 4.10 vs. 52.625 ± 8.38 mg/dL, P < 0.05), but HFD rats did not, and decreased TG levels were observed exclusively in the SD rats (57.6 ± 4.09 vs. 66 ± 4.69 mg/dL, P < 0.05). After 6 weeks of n- 3 PUFA administration, LDL was significantly lower in the SD rats than in controls (13.67 ± 4.13 vs. 30.83 ± 2.86 mg/dL, P < 0.001), but the decrease in the HFD rats, although significant (49.17 ± 5.85 mg/dL vs. 57.17 ± 4.96 g/dL, P < 0.05), was not as marked. In the mixed-diet groups, administration of 50 mg/kg/day FO for 14 days under SD conditions following 4 weeks of HFD slightly decreased TG (86.625 ± 11.67 vs. 73 ± 4.52 mg/dL, P < 0.05) and increased HDL (45.875 ± 5.28 vs. 56 ± 3.16 mg/dL). However, in these animals, n-3 PUFA administration had no effect on LDL or TC. Administration of half of the above dose failed to improve any biochemical parameters. FO protected against excessive weight gain mainly under SD conditions. CONCLUSIONS The results show that FO confers more protection against cardiovascular risk factors (increased LDL and TG, decreased HDL) and liver lipid accumulation when given to rats consuming regular diets than when given to rats consuming a high-fat diet. This argues that priority should be given to consumption of a healthy diet rather than to the use of supplements. The effectiveness of n-3 PUFAs might be reduced in the case of hyperlipidic intake or after consumption of a high-fat diet.
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Huang ZR, Deng JC, Li QY, Cao YJ, Lin YC, Bai WD, Liu B, Rao PF, Ni L, Lv XC. Protective Mechanism of Common Buckwheat ( Fagopyrum esculentum Moench.) against Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Associated with Dyslipidemia in Mice Fed a High-Fat and High-Cholesterol Diet. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:6530-6543. [PMID: 32383865 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b08211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the protective mechanism of common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench.) against nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) associated with dyslipidemia in mice that were fed a high-fat and high-cholesterol diet (HFD). Results showed that oral supplementation of common buckwheat significantly improved physiological indexes and biochemical parameters related to dyslipidemia and NAFLD in mice fed with HFD. Furthermore, the HFD-induced reductions in fecal short-chain fatty acids were reversed by common buckwheat intervention, which also increased the fecal bile acid (BA) abundance compared with HFD-induced hyperlipidemic mice. Liver metabolomics based on ultraperformance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry demonstrated that common buckwheat supplementation made significant regulatory effects on the pentose phosphate pathway, starch and sucrose metabolism, primary BA biosynthesis, and so forth. The results of high-throughput sequencing revealed that common buckwheat supplementation significantly altered the structure of the intestinal microbiota in mice fed with HFD. The correlations between lipid metabolic parameters and intestinal microbial phylotypes were also revealed by the heatmap and network. Additionally, common buckwheat intervention regulated the mRNA expressions of genes responsible for liver lipid metabolism and BA homeostasis, thus promoting BA synthesis and excretion. These findings confirmed that common buckwheat has the outstanding ability of improving lipid metabolism and could be used as a potential functional food for the prevention of NAFLD and hyperlipidemia.
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Yang G, Zhang J, Jiang T, Monslow J, Tang SY, Todd L, Puré E, Chen L, FitzGerald GA. Bmal1 Deletion in Myeloid Cells Attenuates Atherosclerotic Lesion Development and Restrains Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Formation in Hyperlipidemic Mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 40:1523-1532. [PMID: 32321308 PMCID: PMC7285859 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.314318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although the molecular components of circadian rhythms oscillate in discrete cellular components of the vasculature and many aspects of vascular function display diurnal variation, the cellular connections between the molecular clock and inflammatory cardiovascular diseases remain to be elucidated. Previously we have shown that pre- versus postnatal deletion of Bmal1 (brain and muscle aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like 1), the nonredundant core clock gene has contrasting effects on atherogenesis. Here we investigated the effect of myeloid cell Bmal1 deletion on atherogenesis and abdominal aortic aneurysm formation in mice. Approach and Results: Mice lacking Bmal1 in myeloid cells were generated by crossing Bmal1 flox/flox mice with lysozyme 2 promoter-driven Cre recombinase mice on a hyperlipidemic low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient background and were fed on a high-fat diet to induce atherosclerosis. Atherogenesis was restrained, concomitant with a reduction of aortic proinflammatory gene expression in myeloid cell Bmal1 knockout mice. Body weight, blood pressure, blood glucose, triglycerides, and cholesterol were unaltered. Similarly, myeloid cell depletion of Bmal1 also restrained Ang II (angiotensin II) induced formation of abdominal aortic aneurysm in hyperlipidemic mice. In vitro, RNA-Seq analysis demonstrated a proinflammatory response in cultured macrophages in which there was overexpression of Bmal1. CONCLUSIONS Myeloid cell Bmal1 deletion retards atherogenesis and restrains the formation of abdominal aortic aneurysm and may represent a potential therapeutic target for inflammatory cardiovascular diseases.
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MESH Headings
- ARNTL Transcription Factors/deficiency
- ARNTL Transcription Factors/genetics
- ARNTL Transcription Factors/physiology
- Angiotensin II/pharmacology
- Animals
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/chemically induced
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/prevention & control
- Atherosclerosis/etiology
- Atherosclerosis/pathology
- Atherosclerosis/prevention & control
- Cells, Cultured
- Crosses, Genetic
- Diet, High-Fat
- Gene Deletion
- Gene Expression
- Hyperlipidemias/complications
- Hyperlipidemias/etiology
- Inflammation
- Integrases/genetics
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/chemistry
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/physiology
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Muramidase/genetics
- Myeloid Cells/chemistry
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics
- Receptors, LDL/deficiency
- Receptors, LDL/genetics
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Oppedisano F, Muscoli C, Musolino V, Carresi C, Macrì R, Giancotta C, Bosco F, Maiuolo J, Scarano F, Paone S, Nucera S, Zito MC, Scicchitano M, Ruga S, Ragusa M, Palma E, Tavernese A, Mollace R, Bombardelli E, Mollace V. The Protective Effect of Cynara Cardunculus Extract in Diet-Induced NAFLD: Involvement of OCTN1 and OCTN2 Transporter Subfamily. Nutrients 2020; 12:E1435. [PMID: 32429274 PMCID: PMC7284543 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia and insulin-resistance are often associated with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) thereby representing a true issue worldwide due to increased risk of developing cardiovascular and systemic disorders. Although clear evidence suggests that circulating fatty acids contribute to pathophysiological mechanisms underlying NAFLD and hyperlipidemia, further studies are required to better identify potential beneficial approaches for counteracting such a disease. Recently, several artichoke extracts have been used for both reducing hyperlipidemia, insulin-resistance and NAFLD, though the mechanism is unclear. Here we used a wild type of Cynara Cardunculus extract (CyC), rich in sesquiterpens and antioxidant active ingredients, in rats fed a High Fat Diet (HFD) compared to a Normal Fat Diet (NFD). In particular, in rats fed HFD for four consecutive weeks, we found a significant increase of serum cholesterol, triglyceride and serum glucose. This effect was accompanied by increased body weight and by histopathological features of liver steatosis. The alterations of metabolic parameters found in HFDs were antagonised dose-dependently by daily oral supplementation of rats with CyC 10 and 20 mg/kg over four weeks, an effect associated to significant improvement of liver steatosis. The effect of CyC (20 mg/kg) was also associated to enhanced expression of both OCTN1 and OCTN2 carnitine-linked transporters. Thus, present data suggest a contribution of carnitine system in the protective effect of CyC in diet-induced hyperlipidemia, insulin-resistance and NAFLD.
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Tomlinson B, Chan P, Lam CWK. Postprandial hyperlipidemia as a risk factor in patients with type 2 diabetes. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2020; 15:147-157. [PMID: 32292091 DOI: 10.1080/17446651.2020.1750949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Postprandial hyperlipidemia is a common feature of the atherogenic dyslipidemia in patients with type 2 diabetes. Quantification of this with oral fat tolerance tests is not used routinely in clinical practice and abnormal postprandial lipids are usually inferred from non-fasting plasma triglyceride levels. Identifying excessive postprandial hyperlipidemia may help to refine cardiovascular risk assessment but there are no treatments currently available which selectively target postprandial lipids and no large cardiovascular outcome trials using this as the entry criterion.Areas covered: In this review of relevant published material, we summarize the findings from the most important publications in this area.Expert opinion: Postprandial hyperlipidemia appears to contribute to the cardiovascular risk in patients with diabetes. Non-fasting triglyceride levels provide a surrogate marker of postprandial hyperlipidemia but more specific markers such as apoB48 levels may prove to be more reliable. Omega-3 fatty acids, fibrates and ezetimibe can reduce postprandial lipids but may not correct them completely. Several novel treatments have been developed to target hypertriglyceridemia and some of these may be particularly effective in improving postprandial levels. Further clinical trials are needed to establish the role of postprandial lipids in assessment of cardiovascular risk and to identify the most effective treatments.
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Scherrer JF, Salas J, Friedman MJ, Cohen BE, Schneider FD, Lustman PJ, van den Berk-Clark C, Chard KM, Tuerk P, Norman SB, Schnurr PP. Clinically meaningful posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) improvement and incident hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and weight loss. Health Psychol 2020; 39:403-412. [PMID: 32223280 PMCID: PMC8340539 DOI: 10.1037/hea0000855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with increased risk for cardiometabolic disease. Clinically meaningful PTSD improvement is associated with a lower risk for diabetes, but it is not known if similar associations exist for incident hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and clinically relevant weight loss (i.e., ≥5% loss). METHOD Medical record data from Veterans Health Affairs patients with clinic encounters between fiscal year (FY) 2008 to 2015 were used to identify patients with worsening or no PTSD improvement (i.e., PTSD checklist (PCL) score decrease <10), small (10-19 point PCL decrease), and large (≥20 point PCL decrease) PTSD improvement. To estimate the association between degree of PTSD improvement and incident hypertension (n = 979), incident hyperlipidemia (n = 1,139) and incident ≥5% weight loss (1,330), we computed Cox proportional hazard models, controlling for confounding using inverse probability of exposure weighting (IPEW). RESULTS Overall, patients were about 40 years of age, 80% male and 65% White. Worsening or no PCL change occurred in about 60%, small improvement in 20%, and large improvement in 20%. After weighting data, compared with worsening or no change, both small and large PTSD improvements were associated, albeit not significantly, with lower risks for hypertension (HR = 0.68; 95% confidence interval, CI [0.46, 1.01] and HR = 0.79; 95% CI [0.53, 1.18], respectively). In weighted data, PTSD improvement was not associated with incident hyperlipidemia or ≥5% weight loss. CONCLUSIONS We observed limited evidence for an association between PTSD improvement and decreased hypertension risk. PCL decreases were not associated with hyperlipidemia or ≥5% weight loss. Further studies that measure potential physical health benefits of change in specific PTSD symptoms are needed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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Navarro-Millán I, Yang S, Chen L, Yun H, Jagpal A, Bartels CM, Fraenkel L, Safford MM, Curtis JR. Screening of Hyperlipidemia Among Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis in the United States. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2020; 71:1593-1599. [PMID: 30414353 PMCID: PMC6510643 DOI: 10.1002/acr.23810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the proportion of primary lipid screening among patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and compare it with those among patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and patients with neither RA nor DM, and to assess whether primary lipid screening varied according to the health care provider (rheumatologist versus non-rheumatologist). METHODS We analyzed claims data from US private and public health plans from 2006-2010. Eligibility requirements included continuous medical and pharmacy coverage for ≥12 months (baseline period) and >2 physician diagnoses and relevant medications to define RA, DM, RA and DM, or neither condition. Among the 330,695 eligible participants, we calculated the proportion with a lipid profile ordered during the 2 years following baseline. Time-varying Cox proportional hazard models were used to determine the probability of hyperlipidemia screening in participants with RA according to provider specialty. RESULTS More than half of the patients were ages 41-71 years. Among patients with RA (n = 12,182), DM (n = 62,834), RA and DM (n = 1,082), and those who did not have either condition (n = 167,811), the proportion screened for hyperlipidemia was 37%, 60%, 55%, and 41%, respectively. Patients with RA who visited a rheumatologist and a non-rheumatology clinician during follow-up had a 55% (95% confidence interval 1.36-1.78) higher screening probability than those who only visited a rheumatologist. CONCLUSION Primary lipid screening was suboptimal among patients with RA. It was also lower for patients with DM and minimally different from the general population. Screening was higher for RA patients who received care from both a rheumatologist and a non-rheumatologist (e.g., primary care physician).
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Li L, Jiang M, Li Y, Su J, Li L, Qu X, Fan L. 1H-NMR Metabolomics Analysis of the Effect of Rubusoside on Serum Metabolites of Golden Hamsters on a High-Fat Diet. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25061274. [PMID: 32168894 PMCID: PMC7143983 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25061274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Rubusoside is a natural sweetener and the active component of Rubus suavissimus. The preventive and therapeutic effect of rubusoside on high-fat diet-induced (HFD) serum metabolite changes in golden hamsters was analyzed by 1H-NMR metabolomics to explore the underlying mechanism of lipid metabolism regulation. 1H-NMR serum metabolomics analyses revealed a disturbed amino acid-, sugar-, fat-, and energy metabolism in HFD animals. Animals supplemented with rubusoside can partly reverse the metabolism disorders induced by high-fat diet and exerted good anti-hypertriglyceridemia effect by intervening in some major metabolic pathways, involving amino acid metabolism, synthesis of ketone bodies, as well as choline and 4-hydroxyphenylacetate metabolism. This study indicates that rubusoside can interfere with and normalize high-fat diet-induced metabolic changes in serum and could provide a theoretical basis to establish rubusoside as a potentially therapeutic tool able to revert or prevent lipid metabolism disorders.
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McArthur BM, Mattes RD. Energy extraction from nuts: walnuts, almonds and pistachios. Br J Nutr 2020; 123:361-371. [PMID: 31619299 PMCID: PMC7015882 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114519002630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The bioaccessibility of fat has implications for satiety and postprandial lipidaemia. The prevailing view holds that the integrity of plant cell wall structure is the primary determinant of energy and nutrient extraction from plant cells as they pass through the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. However, comparisons across nuts (walnuts, almonds and pistachios) with varying physical properties do not support this view. In the present study, masticated samples of three nuts from healthy adults were exposed to a static model of gastric digestion followed by simulated intestinal digestion. Primary outcomes were particle size and lipid release at each phase of digestion. Walnuts produced a significantly larger particle size post-mastication compared with almonds. Under gastric and intestinal conditions, the particle size was larger for walnuts compared with pistachios and almonds (P < 0·05). However, the masticated and digesta particle sizes were not related to the integrity of cell walls or lipid release. The total lipid release was comparable between nuts after the in vitro intestinal phase (P > 0·05). Microstructural examination showed ruptured and fissured cell walls that would allow digestion of cellular contents, and this may be governed by internal cellular properties such as oil body state. Furthermore, the cell walls of walnuts tend to rupture rather than separate and as walnut tissue passes through the GI tract, lipids tend to coalesce reducing digestion efficiency.
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Se-Eun L, Hyungwoo K, Chang-Hyun K, Chiyeon L, Suin C. Effect of methanol extract of Schisandrae Fructus on high fat diet induced hyperlipidemic mice. J TRADIT CHIN MED 2019; 39:818-825. [PMID: 32186152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects and molecular targets of Schisandrae Fructus (SF) methanol extract (SFme) in mice with hyperlipidemia induced by high fat diet. METHODS We observed changes in body weight, blood serum content of total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, and triglyceride. The extent of accumulation of lipid peroxide due to lipid metabolism disorder also evaluated by measuring malondialdehyde (MDA) level. In addition, after getting gene expression in hepatic tissues, target protein of SFme was identified using a protein interaction database. RESULTS SFme significantly decreased total cholesterol and triglyceride levels without alteration of body weight in mice, and the liver content of MDA was statistically decreased by SFme. And expression changes of cyclin- dependent kinase 1 (Cdk1) and leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (Lrrk2) were restored by SFme. CONCLUSION The effect of SFme on the high- fat-diet induced hyperlipidemia via decreasing total cholesterol and triglyceride levels may involve the expression of Cdk1 and Lrrk2 proteins.
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Schmidt B, Scaglione S, Ding X. Elevated Liver Enzymes in a Young Man with Hyperlipidemia. Gastroenterology 2019; 157:e6-e8. [PMID: 31319073 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2019.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
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