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Pavić K, Beus M, Poje G, Uzelac L, Kralj M, Rajić Z. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Harmirins, Novel Harmine-Coumarin Hybrids as Potential Anticancer Agents. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216490. [PMID: 34770906 PMCID: PMC8587047 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As cancer remains one of the major health burdens worldwide, novel agents, due to the development of resistance, are needed. In this work, we designed and synthesized harmirins, which are hybrid compounds comprising harmine and coumarin scaffolds, evaluated their antiproliferative activity, and conducted cell localization and cell cycle analysis experiments. Harmirins were prepared from the corresponding alkynes and azides under mild reaction conditions using Cu(I) catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition, leading to the formation of the 1H-1,2,3-triazole ring. Antiproliferative activity of harmirins was evaluated in vitro against four human cancer cell lines (MCF-7, HCT116, SW620, and HepG2) and one human non-cancer cell line (HEK293T). The most pronounced activities were exerted against MCF-7 and HCT116 cell lines (IC50 in the single-digit micromolar range), while the most selective harmirins were 5b and 12b, substituted at C-3 and O-7 of the β-carboline core and bearing methyl substituent at position 6 of the coumarin ring (SIs > 7.2). Further experiments demonstrated that harmirin 12b is localized exclusively in the cytoplasm. In addition, it induced a strong G1 arrest and reduced the percentage of cells in the S phase, suggesting that it might exert its antiproliferative activity through inhibition of DNA synthesis, rather than DNA damage. In conclusion, harmirin 12b is a novel harmine and coumarin hybrid with significant antiproliferative activity and warrants further evaluation as a potential anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Pavić
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia; (K.P.); (M.B.); (G.P.)
| | - Maja Beus
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia; (K.P.); (M.B.); (G.P.)
| | - Goran Poje
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia; (K.P.); (M.B.); (G.P.)
| | - Lidija Uzelac
- Laboratory of Experimental Therapy, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia; (L.U.); (M.K.)
| | - Marijeta Kralj
- Laboratory of Experimental Therapy, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia; (L.U.); (M.K.)
| | - Zrinka Rajić
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia; (K.P.); (M.B.); (G.P.)
- Correspondence:
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102
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Chen W, Zhao S, Yu W, Rao T, Ruan Y, Zhu S, Xia Y, Song H, Cheng F. SC66 inhibits the proliferation and induces apoptosis of human bladder cancer cells by targeting the AKT/β-catenin pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:10684-10697. [PMID: 34687144 PMCID: PMC8581318 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) is a major disease of the genitourinary tract, and chemotherapy is one of the main treatments commonly used at present. SC66 is a new type of allosteric AKT inhibitor that is reported to play an effective inhibitory role in the progression of many other types of tumours, but there is no reported research on its role in BC. In this study, we found that SC66 significantly inhibited the proliferation and EMT‐mediated migration and invasion of T24 and 5637 cells. In addition, experiments confirmed that SC66 achieved its antitumour effect by inducing cell apoptosis and affecting the cell cycle. Luciferase assays confirmed that SC66 exerted an antitumour effect through the AKT/β‐catenin signalling pathway, and this inhibitory effect was reversed after the addition of the β‐catenin signalling pathway activator, CHIR‐99021. In addition, animal studies have shown that, compared with the control group, the experimental group with SC66 intraperitoneal injection showed significantly reduced the tumour weight and volume in nude mice with T24 tumours and that SC66 combined with cisplatin achieved better inhibition on tumours. Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry staining confirmed that SC66 inhibited the EMT process in vivo and induced apoptosis through the AKT/β‐catenin signalling pathway. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that SC66 exerts a significant antitumour effect through the AKT/β‐catenin signalling pathway, thereby providing a new potential treatment for BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Chen
- Department of UrologyRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Sheng Zhao
- Department of UrologyRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Weimin Yu
- Department of UrologyRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Ting Rao
- Department of UrologyRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Yuan Ruan
- Department of UrologyRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Shaoming Zhu
- Department of UrologyRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Yuqi Xia
- Department of UrologyRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Hongfei Song
- Department of UrologyQianjiang Central HospitalQianjiangChina
| | - Fan Cheng
- Department of UrologyRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
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Hung HS, Kao WC, Shen CC, Chang KB, Tang CM, Yang MY, Yang YC, Yeh CA, Li JJ, Hsieh HH. Inflammatory Modulation of Polyethylene Glycol-AuNP for Regulation of the Neural Differentiation Capacity of Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Cells 2021; 10:2854. [PMID: 34831077 PMCID: PMC8616252 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A nanocomposite composed of polyethylene glycol (PEG) incorporated with various concentrations (~17.4, ~43.5, ~174 ppm) of gold nanoparticles (Au) was created to investigate its biocompatibility and biological performance in vitro and in vivo. First, surface topography and chemical composition was determined through UV-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), free radical scavenging ability, and water contact angle measurement. Additionally, the diameters of the PEG-Au nanocomposites were also evaluated through dynamic light scattering (DLS) assay. According to the results, PEG containing 43.5 ppm of Au demonstrated superior biocompatibility and biological properties for mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), as well as superior osteogenic differentiation, adipocyte differentiation, and, particularly, neuronal differentiation. Indeed, PEG-Au 43.5 ppm induced better cell adhesion, proliferation and migration in MSCs. The higher expression of the SDF-1α/CXCR4 axis may be associated with MMPs activation and may have also promoted the differentiation capacity of MSCs. Moreover, it also prevented MSCs from apoptosis and inhibited macrophage and platelet activation, as well as reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory, biocompatibility, and endothelialization capacity of PEG-Au was measured in a rat model. After implanting the nanocomposites into rats subcutaneously for 4 weeks, PEG-Au 43.5 ppm was able to enhance the anti-immune response through inhibiting CD86 expression (M1 polarization), while also reducing leukocyte infiltration (CD45). Moreover, PEG-Au 43.5 ppm facilitated CD31 expression and anti-fibrosis ability. Above all, the PEG-Au nanocomposite was evidenced to strengthen the differentiation of MSCs into various cells, including fat, vessel, and bone tissue and, particularly, nerve cells. This research has elucidated that PEG combined with the appropriate amount of Au nanoparticles could become a potential biomaterial able to cooperate with MSCs for tissue regeneration engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huey-Shan Hung
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; (W.-C.K.); (K.-B.C.); (C.-A.Y.); (J.-J.L.)
- Translational Medicine Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chien Kao
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; (W.-C.K.); (K.-B.C.); (C.-A.Y.); (J.-J.L.)
| | - Chiung-Chyi Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407204, Taiwan; (C.-C.S.); (M.-Y.Y.); (Y.-C.Y.)
- Department of Physical Therapy, Hung Kuang University, Taichung 433304, Taiwan
- Basic Medical Education Center, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung 406053, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Bo Chang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; (W.-C.K.); (K.-B.C.); (C.-A.Y.); (J.-J.L.)
| | - Cheng-Ming Tang
- College of Oral Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan;
- Blood Bank, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407204, Taiwan;
| | - Meng-Yin Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407204, Taiwan; (C.-C.S.); (M.-Y.Y.); (Y.-C.Y.)
| | - Yi-Chin Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407204, Taiwan; (C.-C.S.); (M.-Y.Y.); (Y.-C.Y.)
| | - Chun-An Yeh
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; (W.-C.K.); (K.-B.C.); (C.-A.Y.); (J.-J.L.)
| | - Jia-Jhan Li
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; (W.-C.K.); (K.-B.C.); (C.-A.Y.); (J.-J.L.)
| | - Hsien-Hsu Hsieh
- Blood Bank, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407204, Taiwan;
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Feng F, Pan L, Wu J, Li L, Xu H, Yang L, Xu K, Wang C. Cepharanthine inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma cell growth and proliferation by regulating amino acid metabolism and suppresses tumorigenesis in vivo. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:4340-4352. [PMID: 34803502 PMCID: PMC8579440 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.64675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cepharanthine (CEP), a natural compound extracted from Stephania cepharantha Hayata, has been found to have the potential to treat a variety of tumors in recent years. This study aims to evaluate the anti-hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) effect of CEP and determine its in-depth mechanism. In this study, Hep3B and HCCLM3 cells were selected to evaluate the antitumor effects of CEP in vitro, whereas tumor xenograft in nude mice was performed to make in vivo anti-tumor assessment. RNA-sequence (RNA-seq) was used to identify possible molecular targets and pathways. Further, gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was performed to assess the differential metabolites involved in mediating the effect of CEP on the HCC cell line. Our results showed that CEP treatment resulted in the dose-dependent inhibition of cell viability, migration, and proliferation and could also induce apoptosis in HCC cells. RNA-seq following CEP treatment identified 168 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), which were highly enriched in metabolism-associated pathways. In addition, CEP down-regulated many metabolites through the amino acid metabolism pathway. In vivo experiment showed that CEP significantly suppressed tumor growth. Our results indicate that CEP has significant antitumor effects and has the potential to be a candidate drug for HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Feng
- National Innovation and Attracting Talents “111” base, Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Lianhong Pan
- National Innovation and Attracting Talents “111” base, Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Antitumor Natural Drugs, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Jiaqin Wu
- National Innovation and Attracting Talents “111” base, Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Lanqing Li
- Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center of Chinese Materia Medica Processing, College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Haiying Xu
- Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center of Chinese Materia Medica Processing, College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Li Yang
- National Innovation and Attracting Talents “111” base, Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Kang Xu
- Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center of Chinese Materia Medica Processing, College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Chunli Wang
- National Innovation and Attracting Talents “111” base, Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
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Nayim P, Sudhir K, Mbaveng AT, Kuete V, Sanjukta M. In Vitro Anticancer Activity of Imperata cylindrica Root's Extract toward Human Cervical Cancer and Identification of Potential Bioactive Compounds. Biomed Res Int 2021; 2021:4259777. [PMID: 34708121 PMCID: PMC8545510 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4259777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Imperata cylindrica is traditionally used to cure several diseases including cancer, wounds, and hypertension. The present study was designed to investigate the anticancer activity of the methanolic root extract of I. cylindrica (IC-MeOH). The water-soluble tetrazolium-1 and colony formation assays were used to check the proliferation ability of the cells. Cell apoptosis and cell cycle were measured by flow cytometry-based fluorescence-activated cell sorting. The ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS) analysis was used for the metabolites profiling of IC-MeOH. Based on high-mass accuracy, spectral data, and previous reports, tentative compound identifications were assigned. Our findings revealed that IC-MeOH inhibited the proliferation of HeLa and CaSki cells. The plant extract was also found to induce a concentration- and time-dependent apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase (IC50 value) in CaSki cell line. Analysis of IC-MeOH permitted the identification of 10 compounds already reported for their anticancer activity, epicatechin, curcumin, (-)-yatein, caffeic acid, myricetin, jatrorrhizine, harmaline, cinnamaldehyde, dobutamine, and syringin. In conclusion, IC-MeOH is a rich source of cytotoxic metabolites that inhibits human cervical cancer proliferation via apoptosis and cell cycle arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Nayim
- University of Dschang, Department of Biochemistry, P.O. Box 1499 Bafoussam, Dschang, Cameroon
- National Centre for Biological Sciences (NCBS), Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR), Bellary Road, Bangalore, 560065 Karnataka, India
| | - Krishna Sudhir
- National Centre for Biological Sciences (NCBS), Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR), Bellary Road, Bangalore, 560065 Karnataka, India
| | - Armelle T. Mbaveng
- University of Dschang, Department of Biochemistry, P.O. Box 1499 Bafoussam, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Victor Kuete
- University of Dschang, Department of Biochemistry, P.O. Box 1499 Bafoussam, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Mukherjee Sanjukta
- National Centre for Biological Sciences (NCBS), Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR), Bellary Road, Bangalore, 560065 Karnataka, India
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106
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Lin ZY, Yun QZ, Wu L, Zhang TW, Yao TZ. Pharmacological basis and new insights of deguelin concerning its anticancer effects. Pharmacol Res 2021; 174:105935. [PMID: 34644595 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Deguelin is a rotenoid of the flavonoid family, which can be extracted from Lonchocarpus, Derris, or Tephrosia. It possesses the inhibition of cancer cell proliferation by inducing apoptosis through regulating the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) signaling pathway, the NF-κB signaling pathway, the Wnt signaling pathway, the adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling, activating the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, repression of Bmi1, targeting cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), targeting galectin-1, promotion of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β)/FBW7-mediated Mcl-1 destabilization and targeting mitochondria via down-regulating Hexokinases II-mediated glycolysis, PUMA-mediation, which are some crucial molecules which modulate closely cancer cell growth and metastasis. Deguelin inhibits tumor cell propagation and malignant transformation through targeting angiogenesis, targeting lymphangiogenesis, targeting focal adhesion kinase (FAK), inhibiting the CtsZ/FAK signaling pathway, targeting epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), the NF-κB signaling pathway, regulating NIMA-related kinase 2 (NEK2). In addition, deguelin possesses other biological activities, such as targeting cell cycle arrest, modulation of autophagy, inhibition of hedgehog pathway, inducing differentiation of mutated NPM1 acute myeloid leukemia etc. Therefore, deguelin is a promising chemopreventive agent for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Yue Lin
- Pharmacology Department, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Qu Zhen Yun
- Pathophysiology Department, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Liu Wu
- Pharmacology Department, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning, PR China; Pathophysiology Department, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Tian Wen Zhang
- Pharmacology Department, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning, PR China; Pathophysiology Department, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Tang Ze Yao
- Pharmacology Department, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning, PR China.
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107
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Freeman-Cook K, Hoffman RL, Miller N, Almaden J, Chionis J, Zhang Q, Eisele K, Liu C, Zhang C, Huser N, Nguyen L, Costa-Jones C, Niessen S, Carelli J, Lapek J, Weinrich SL, Wei P, McMillan E, Wilson E, Wang TS, McTigue M, Ferre RA, He YA, Ninkovic S, Behenna D, Tran KT, Sutton S, Nagata A, Ornelas MA, Kephart SE, Zehnder LR, Murray B, Xu M, Solowiej JE, Visswanathan R, Boras B, Looper D, Lee N, Bienkowska JR, Zhu Z, Kan Z, Ding Y, Mu XJ, Oderup C, Salek-Ardakani S, White MA, VanArsdale T, Dann SG. Expanding control of the tumor cell cycle with a CDK2/4/6 inhibitor. Cancer Cell 2021; 39:1404-1421.e11. [PMID: 34520734 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2021.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The CDK4/6 inhibitor, palbociclib (PAL), significantly improves progression-free survival in HR+/HER2- breast cancer when combined with anti-hormonals. We sought to discover PAL resistance mechanisms in preclinical models and through analysis of clinical transcriptome specimens, which coalesced on induction of MYC oncogene and Cyclin E/CDK2 activity. We propose that targeting the G1 kinases CDK2, CDK4, and CDK6 with a small-molecule overcomes resistance to CDK4/6 inhibition. We describe the pharmacodynamics and efficacy of PF-06873600 (PF3600), a pyridopyrimidine with potent inhibition of CDK2/4/6 activity and efficacy in multiple in vivo tumor models. Together with the clinical analysis, MYC activity predicts (PF3600) efficacy across multiple cell lineages. Finally, we find that CDK2/4/6 inhibition does not compromise tumor-specific immune checkpoint blockade responses in syngeneic models. We anticipate that (PF3600), currently in phase 1 clinical trials, offers a therapeutic option to cancer patients in whom CDK4/6 inhibition is insufficient to alter disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Freeman-Cook
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Robert L Hoffman
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Nichol Miller
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Jonathan Almaden
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - John Chionis
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Qin Zhang
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Koleen Eisele
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Chaoting Liu
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Cathy Zhang
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Nanni Huser
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Lisa Nguyen
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Cinthia Costa-Jones
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Sherry Niessen
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Jordan Carelli
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - John Lapek
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Scott L Weinrich
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Ping Wei
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Elizabeth McMillan
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Elizabeth Wilson
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Tim S Wang
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Michele McTigue
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Rose Ann Ferre
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - You-Ai He
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Sacha Ninkovic
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Douglas Behenna
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Khanh T Tran
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Scott Sutton
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Asako Nagata
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Martha A Ornelas
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Susan E Kephart
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Luke R Zehnder
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Brion Murray
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Meirong Xu
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - James E Solowiej
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Ravi Visswanathan
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Britton Boras
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - David Looper
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Nathan Lee
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Jadwiga R Bienkowska
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Zhou Zhu
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Zhengyan Kan
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Ying Ding
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Xinmeng Jasmine Mu
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Cecilia Oderup
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Shahram Salek-Ardakani
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Michael A White
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Todd VanArsdale
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
| | - Stephen G Dann
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
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108
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Alghamdi YS, Saleh OM, Alqadri N, Mashraqi MM, Bahattab O, Awad NS. Effect of Ducrosia flabellifolia and Savignya parviflora Extracts on Inhibition of Human Colon and Prostate Cancer Cell Lines. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2021; 43:1518-1528. [PMID: 34698080 PMCID: PMC8929105 DOI: 10.3390/cimb43030107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The goal of this study was to investigate whether Ducrosia flabellifolia and Savignya parviflora methanol extract the have effect on colon and prostate cancer cell lines. Analysis of total content of phenolics and flavonoids of each plant extract was carried out. Cytotoxic effect, cell cycle analysis, induction of apoptosis and gene expression of Bcl-2 and Bax genes were studied. Obtained results indicated that, the plant extracts exhibit growth inhibition of used cancer cell lines and induced apoptosis as well as arresting of cell cycle. At the molecular level, changes in gene expression were detected via qPCR and confirmed by western blotting. The exhibited anticancer potentialities of plant extracts against utilized cancer cell lines are due to its containing bioactive compounds. Further detailed isolation, fractionation and characterization of bioactive compounds are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youssef Saeed Alghamdi
- Department of Biology, Turabah University College, Taif University, Taif 21995, Saudi Arabia; (Y.S.A.); (N.A.)
| | - Osama Moseilhy Saleh
- Natural Products Research Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo 9621, Egypt;
- College of Biotechnology, Misr University for Science and Technology, Giza 12563, Egypt
| | - Nada Alqadri
- Department of Biology, Turabah University College, Taif University, Taif 21995, Saudi Arabia; (Y.S.A.); (N.A.)
| | - Mutaib Mosaued Mashraqi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Omar Bahattab
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71497, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Nabil Saied Awad
- College of Biotechnology, Misr University for Science and Technology, Giza 12563, Egypt
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Aswan University, Aswan 81528, Egypt
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +20-1126546410
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Bhat SS, Prasad SK, Shivamallu C, Prasad KS, Syed A, Reddy P, Cull CA, Amachawadi RG. Genistein: A Potent Anti-Breast Cancer Agent. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2021; 43:1502-1517. [PMID: 34698063 PMCID: PMC8929066 DOI: 10.3390/cimb43030106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Genistein is an isoflavonoid present in high quantities in soybeans. Possessing a wide range of bioactives, it is being studied extensively for its tumoricidal effects. Investigations into mechanisms of the anti-cancer activity have revealed many pathways including induction of cell proliferation, suppression of tyrosine kinases, regulation of Hedgehog-Gli1 signaling, modulation of epigenetic activities, seizing of cell cycle and Akt and MEK signaling pathways, among others via which the cancer cell proliferation can be controlled. Notwithstanding, the observed activities have been time- and dose-dependent. In addition, genistein has also shown varying results in women depending on the physiological parameters, such as the early or post-menopausal states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smitha S. Bhat
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Life Sciences, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India; (S.S.B.); (S.K.P.); (C.S.)
| | - Shashanka K. Prasad
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Life Sciences, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India; (S.S.B.); (S.K.P.); (C.S.)
| | - Chandan Shivamallu
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Life Sciences, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India; (S.S.B.); (S.K.P.); (C.S.)
| | - Kollur Shiva Prasad
- Department of Sciences, Amrita School of Arts and Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Mysuru Campus, Mysuru 570026, Karnataka, India;
| | - Asad Syed
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Pruthvish Reddy
- Department of Biotechnology, Acharya Institute of Technology, Bengaluru 560107, Karnataka, India;
| | | | - Raghavendra G. Amachawadi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
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de Assis LVM, Moraes MN, Mendes D, Silva MM, Menck CFM, Castrucci AMDL. Loss of Melanopsin (OPN4) Leads to a Faster Cell Cycle Progression and Growth in Murine Melanocytes. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2021; 43:1436-1450. [PMID: 34698095 PMCID: PMC8929055 DOI: 10.3390/cimb43030101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin melanocytes harbor a complex photosensitive system comprised of opsins, which were shown, in recent years, to display light- and thermo-independent functions. Based on this premise, we investigated whether melanopsin, OPN4, displays such a role in normal melanocytes. In this study, we found that murine Opn4KO melanocytes displayed a faster proliferation rate compared to Opn4WT melanocytes. Cell cycle population analysis demonstrated that OPN4KO melanocytes exhibited a faster cell cycle progression with reduced G0–G1, and highly increased S and slightly increased G2/M cell populations compared to the Opn4WT counterparts. Expression of specific cell cycle-related genes in Opn4KO melanocytes exhibited alterations that corroborate a faster cell cycle progression. We also found significant modification in gene and protein expression levels of important regulators of melanocyte physiology. PER1 protein level was higher while BMAL1 and REV-ERBα decreased in Opn4KO melanocytes compared to Opn4WT cells. Interestingly, the gene expression of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) was upregulated in Opn4KO melanocytes, which is in line with a higher proliferative capability. Taken altogether, we demonstrated that OPN4 regulates cell proliferation, cell cycle, and affects the expression of several important factors of the melanocyte physiology; thus, arguing for a putative tumor suppression role in melanocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Vinícius Monteiro de Assis
- Laboratory of Comparative Physiology of Pigmentation, Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-090, Brazil; (M.N.M.); (A.M.d.L.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Maria Nathália Moraes
- Laboratory of Comparative Physiology of Pigmentation, Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-090, Brazil; (M.N.M.); (A.M.d.L.C.)
| | - Davi Mendes
- DNA Repair Lab, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (D.M.); (M.M.S.); (C.F.M.M.)
| | - Matheus Molina Silva
- DNA Repair Lab, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (D.M.); (M.M.S.); (C.F.M.M.)
| | - Carlos Frederico Martins Menck
- DNA Repair Lab, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (D.M.); (M.M.S.); (C.F.M.M.)
| | - Ana Maria de Lauro Castrucci
- Laboratory of Comparative Physiology of Pigmentation, Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-090, Brazil; (M.N.M.); (A.M.d.L.C.)
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
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Wang F, Zhang C, Cheng H, Liu C, Lu Z, Zheng S, Wang S, Sun N, He J. TGF-β-induced PLEK2 promotes metastasis and chemoresistance in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma by regulating LCN2. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:901. [PMID: 34601488 PMCID: PMC8487427 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04155-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) has a relatively unfavourable prognosis due to metastasis and chemoresistance. Our previous research established a comprehensive ESCC database (GSE53625). After analysing data from TCGA database and GSE53625, we found that PLEK2 predicted poor prognosis in ESCC. Moreover, PLEK2 expression was also related to the overall survival of ESCC patients undergoing chemotherapy. Repression of PLEK2 decreased the proliferation, migration, invasion and chemoresistance of ESCC cells in vitro and decreased tumorigenicity and distant metastasis in vivo. Mechanistically, luciferase reporter assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay suggested that TGF-β stimulated the process that Smad2/3 binds to the promoter sequences of PLEK2 and induced its expression. RNA-seq suggested LCN2 might a key molecular regulated by PLEK2. LCN2 overexpression in PLEK2 knockdown ESCC cells reversed the effects of decreased migration and invasion. In addition, TGF-β induced the expression of LCN2, but the effect disappeared when PLEK2 was knockdown. Moreover, AKT was phosphorylated in all regulatory processes. This study detected the major role of PLEK2 in driving metastasis and chemoresistance in ESCC by regulating LCN2, which indicates the potential use of PLEK2 as a biomarker to predict prognosis and as a therapeutic target for ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chaoqi Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Cheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chengming Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiliang Lu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Sufei Zheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Sihui Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Sun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing,, China.
| | - Jie He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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Sun Y, Ma J, Lin J, Sun D, Song P, Shi L, Li H, Wang R, Wang Z, Liu S. Circular RNA circ_ASAP2 regulates drug sensitivity and functional behaviors of cisplatin-resistant gastric cancer cells by the miR-330-3p/NT5E axis. Anticancer Drugs 2021; 32:950-961. [PMID: 34016832 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000001087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to explore the biological actions of circular RNA (circRNA) ArfGAP with SH3 domain, ankyrin repeat and PH domain 2 (circ_ASAP2, circ_0006089) in cisplatin (DDP) resistance of gastric cancer. Circ_ASAP2, ecto-5'-nucleotidase (NT5E) and miR-330-3p were quantified by quantitative real-time PCR or western blot. The measurements of the IC50 value and cell proliferation were done using 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Cell colony formation, cell cycle distribution, apoptosis, migration and invasion were evaluated by the colony formation, flow cytometry and transwell assays. Dual-luciferase reporter assay was performed to confirm the targeted relationship between different molecules. The role of circ_ASAP2 in tumor growth was gauged by in vivo animal studies. Circ_ASAP2 and NT5E were overexpressed in DDP-resistant gastric cancer tissues and cells. Knockdown of circ_ASAP2 promoted DDP sensitivity, apoptosis and repressed proliferation, migration and invasion of DDP-resistant gastric cancer cells in vitro and diminished tumor growth in vivo. Moreover, NT5E was a downstream effector of circ_ASAP2 in regulating cell DDP sensitivity and functional behaviors. Mechanistically, circ_ASAP2 directly bound to miR-330-3p to promote NT5E expression. Furthermore, circ_ASAP2 modulated cell DDP sensitivity and functional behaviors by targeting miR-330-3p. Knockdown of circ_ASAP2 promoted DDP sensitivity and suppressed malignant behaviors of DDP-resistant gastric cancer cells through targeting the miR-330-3p/NT5E axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjun Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying, China
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113
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Esposito F, Giuffrida R, Raciti G, Puglisi C, Forte S. Wee1 Kinase: A Potential Target to Overcome Tumor Resistance to Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910689. [PMID: 34639030 PMCID: PMC8508993 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
During the cell cycle, DNA suffers several lesions that need to be repaired prior to entry into mitosis to preserve genome integrity in daughter cells. Toward this aim, cells have developed complex enzymatic machinery, the so-called DNA damage response (DDR), which is able to repair DNA, temporarily stopping the cell cycle to provide more time to repair, or if the damage is too severe, inducing apoptosis. This DDR mechanism is considered the main source of resistance to DNA-damaging therapeutic treatments in oncology. Recently, cancer stem cells (CSCs), which are a small subset of tumor cells, were identified as tumor-initiating cells. CSCs possess self-renewal potential and persistent tumorigenic capacity, allowing for tumor re-growth and relapse. Compared with cancer cells, CSCs are more resistant to therapeutic treatments. Wee1 is the principal gatekeeper for both G2/M and S-phase checkpoints, where it plays a key role in cell cycle regulation and DNA damage repair. From this perspective, Wee1 inhibition might increase the effectiveness of DNA-damaging treatments, such as radiotherapy, forcing tumor cells and CSCs to enter into mitosis, even with damaged DNA, leading to mitotic catastrophe and subsequent cell death.
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114
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Bian W, Liu Z, Chu Y, Xing X. Silencing of circ_0078607 prevents development of gastric cancer and inactivates the ERK1/2/AKT pathway through the miR-188-3p/RAP1B axis. Anticancer Drugs 2021; 32:909-918. [PMID: 33929989 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000001083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to explore the expression and mechanism of circ_0078607 on proliferation and apoptosis of gastric cancer. Real time PCR (RT-PCR) was performed to detect the expression of circ_0078607 in gastric cancer tumor tissues, plasma and cell lines. Cell viability was detected by cell counting Kit-8. Cell proliferation ability was assessed by cell cycle assay. The samples were analyzed by flow cytometry for the detection of apoptosis. Luciferase assay and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) were carried out to verify the relationship between circ_0078607 and miR-188-3p, miR-188-3p, and RAP1B. Western blot was employed to detect the protein level of RAP1B, ERK1/2 and AKT. In vivo, the effect of circ_0078607 on gastric cancer tumor growth was detected by lentivirus vector injection. Here, we found the increased level of circ_0078607 in gastric cancer tissues, gastric cancer patients plasma and cell lines. Knockdown of circ_0078607 could prevent proliferation and induce cell apoptosis in MKN-28 cells. Then we verified that circ_0078607 could interact with miR-188-3p by performed luciferase assay and RIP. Furthermore, we observed that RAP1B was a potential target of miR-188-3p. Next, we found that miR-188-3p inhibitor or overexpression of RAP1B could prevent the anti-tumor function of sh-circ_0078607. Silencing of circ_0078607 inhibited ERK1/2/AKT signal pathways via regulating miR-188-3p/RAP1B. In vivo, knockdown of circ_0078607 inhibited tumor growth. Knockdown of circ_0078607 inhibits the proliferation and induces apoptosis of gastric cancer via miR-188-3p/RAP1B signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixin Bian
- Department of Oncology, Heilongjiang Province Hospital
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- Department of Hematology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital
| | - Yanjie Chu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xiaofang Xing
- Department of Oncology, Heilongjiang Province Hospital
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Elbadawy M, Hayashi K, Ayame H, Ishihara Y, Abugomaa A, Shibutani M, Hayashi SM, Hazama S, Takenouchi H, Nakajima M, Tsunedomi R, Suzuki N, Nagano H, Shinohara Y, Kaneda M, Yamawaki H, Usui T, Sasaki K. Anti-cancer activity of amorphous curcumin preparation in patient-derived colorectal cancer organoids. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 142:112043. [PMID: 34411919 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite its adverse effects, chemotherapy is generally used for the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC). Development of supplement preparations targeting cancer stem cells (CSCs) that cause distant metastasis and drug resistance is required. Although curcumin is known to have anti-tumor, hepatoprotective, and hypoglycemic-like actions, its low water solubility, oral absorption, and bioavailability impede its therapeutic uses. Patient-derived organoid cultures can recapitulate heterogeneity, epithelial structures, and molecular imprints of their parental tissues. In the present study, anti-carcinogenic properties of amorphous curcumin (AC), a compound with improved solubility and bioavailability, were evaluated against human CRC organoids. Treatment with AC inhibited the cell viability of CRC organoids in a concentration-dependent manner. AC arrested the cell cycle of CRC organoids and induced apoptosis. AC inhibited phosphorylation of ERK. Expression of downstream signals of ERK, namely c-MYC and cyclin-D1, were inhibited. Expressions of CSC markers, CD44, LGR5, and CD133, were declined in the AC-treated CRC organoids. The combinational treatment of CRC organoids with AC and anti-cancer drugs, oxaliplatin, 5-FU, or irinotecan showed a synergistic activity. In vivo, AC decreased the tumor growth of CRC organoids in mice with the induction of necrotic lesions. In conclusion, AC diminished the cell viability of CRC organoids through the inhibition of proliferation-related signals and CSC marker expression in addition to arresting the cell cycle. Collectively, these data suggest the value of AC as a promising supplement that could be used in combination with anti-cancer drugs to prevent the recurrence and metastasis of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Elbadawy
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh, Elqaliobiya 13736, Egypt
| | - Kimika Hayashi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Hiromi Ayame
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ishihara
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Amira Abugomaa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Dakahliya, Egypt
| | - Makoto Shibutani
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Shim-Mo Hayashi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Shoichi Hazama
- Department of Translational Research and Developmental Therapeutics against Cancer, School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan; Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Hiroko Takenouchi
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Masao Nakajima
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Ryouichi Tsunedomi
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Suzuki
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Nagano
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Yuta Shinohara
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan; Pet Health & Food Division, Iskara Industry CO., LTD, 1-14-2, Nihonbashi, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-0027, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kaneda
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Yamawaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, 35-1, Higashi 23 ban-cho, Towada, Aomori 034-8628, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Usui
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.
| | - Kazuaki Sasaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
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Guo L, Yang Y, Sheng Y, Wang J, Ruan S, Han C. Mechanism of piperine in affecting apoptosis and proliferation of gastric cancer cells via ROS-mitochondria-associated signalling pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:9513-9522. [PMID: 34464498 PMCID: PMC8505830 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Piperine (PIP), the main active ingredient in pepper, belongs to the cinnamamide alkaloid. PIP has been found to have functions, including anti-oxidation, immune regulation, anti-tumour and promotion of drug metabolism. The present study was mainly designed to reveal the anti-tumour effect of PIP against gastric cancer and the relevant mechanism. In brief, the undifferentiated human gastric cancer cell HGC-27 was used, which was treated with different concentrations of PIP. As a result, PIP could inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis of HGC-27 cells in a dose-dependent manner. The mechanism of PIP was associated with ROS increase and mitochondrial damage, simultaneously, the expression of key proteins of apoptosis was affected, including Bcl-2, Bax, Cyt-c, Caspase-9 and Caspase-3. Pre-treatment of ROS scavenger NAC HGC-27 cells could significantly reduce PIP-induced apoptosis and inhibit the activation of apoptotic signals. Consistently, PIP could induce ROS to increase and activate apoptotic signals in the animal model. Therefore, the present study showed that PIP can induce the generation of ROS, thereby promoting the activation of mitochondrial apoptotic pathway and exerting anti-tumour effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Guo
- Department of Center LaboratoryThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing UniversityJiaxingChina
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of PharmacyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing UniversityJiaxingChina
| | - YongJia Sheng
- Department of PharmacyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing UniversityJiaxingChina
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of PharmacyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing UniversityJiaxingChina
| | - Shuiliang Ruan
- Department of GastroenterologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing UniversityJiaxingChina
| | - Chenyang Han
- Department of PharmacyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing UniversityJiaxingChina
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Bai X, Shan F, Qu N, Huang H, Handley M, Griffin N, Zhang S, Cao X. Regulatory role of methionine enkephalin in myeloid-derived suppressor cells and macrophages in human cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 99:107996. [PMID: 34311187 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The antitumor effects of methionine enkephalin (MENK), also known as opioid growth factor (OGF), including its inhibitory effects on cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC), have been established. In this study, we determined the precise mechanism by which MENK suppresses CSCC cell growth. In particular, MENK induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and promoted apoptosis in CSCC cells via the Bcl-2/Bax/Caspase-3 signaling pathway. Moreover, MENK reduced immunosuppression by downregulating the number of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and regulating the polarization of tumor-associated macrophages from M2 to M1 in vivo. Furthermore, JAK2/STAT3, an important tumor-promotion and immunosuppression signaling pathway that is involved in MDSC expansion in tumors and macrophage polarization, was inhibited. These findings highlight the potential of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway as a therapeutic target and suggest the clinical application of MENK for CSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueli Bai
- Department of Gynecology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 4 Chongshandong Road, Huanggu District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China.
| | - Fengping Shan
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Na Qu
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Hai Huang
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Mike Handley
- Cytocom Inc., 3001 Aloma Ave., Winter Park, FL 32792, USA
| | - Noreen Griffin
- Cytocom Inc., 3001 Aloma Ave., Winter Park, FL 32792, USA
| | - Shuling Zhang
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China; Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China.
| | - Xia Cao
- Department of Gynecology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 4 Chongshandong Road, Huanggu District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China.
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118
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Gupta S, Mishra T, Varshney S, Kushawaha V, Khandelwal N, Rai P, Garg R, Dev K, Gupta A, Kumar D, Balaramnavar VM, Arya KR, Gayen JR, Narender T, Gaikwad AN. Coelogin ameliorates metabolic dyshomeostasis by regulating adipogenesis and enhancing energy expenditure in adipose tissue. Pharmacol Res 2021; 172:105776. [PMID: 34450319 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and associated metabolic disorders are heading up with an alarming rate in developing nations. One of highly sought solution for metabolic disorders is to identify natural molecule with an ability to reduce obesity and increase insulin sensitivity. Coelogin (CLN) is a phenanthrene derivative isolated from the ethanolic extract of Coelogyne cristata. In our constant efforts to identify novel anti-dyslipidemic and anti-adipogenic compounds using CFPMA (common feature pharmacophore model using known anti-adipogenic compounds) model, predicted possible anti-adipogenic activity of CLN. In vitro results showed significant inhibition of adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 and C3H10T1/2 cell by CLN. It arrests the cell cycle in G1 phase of interphase and inhibits mitotic clonal expansion to regulate adipogenesis. CLN elicits insulin sensitizing effect in mature adipocytes. During extracellular flux assessment studies, it increases oxidative respiration and energy expenditure in adipocytes. In vivo, CLN reversed HFD-induced dyslipidemia as well as insulin resistance in C57BL/6 mice. It promoted the expression of genes involved in improved mitochondrial function and fatty acid oxidation in eWAT. CLN restored energy expenditure and increased the capacity of energy utilization in HFD fed mice. Taken together, the study indicated beneficial effects of CLN in combating obesity-associated metabolic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanchita Gupta
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, UP 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Headquarters, CSIR-HRDC Campus Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, UP 201002, India
| | - Tripti Mishra
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, UP 226031, India
| | - Salil Varshney
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, UP 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Headquarters, CSIR-HRDC Campus Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, UP 201002, India
| | - Vinita Kushawaha
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, UP 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Headquarters, CSIR-HRDC Campus Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, UP 201002, India
| | - Nilesh Khandelwal
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, UP 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Headquarters, CSIR-HRDC Campus Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, UP 201002, India
| | - Prashant Rai
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, UP 226031, India
| | - Richa Garg
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, UP 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Headquarters, CSIR-HRDC Campus Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, UP 201002, India
| | - Kapil Dev
- Ethnobotany Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, UP 226031, India
| | - Abhishek Gupta
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, UP 226031, India
| | - Durgesh Kumar
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, UP 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Headquarters, CSIR-HRDC Campus Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, UP 201002, India
| | | | - Kamal Ram Arya
- Ethnobotany Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, UP 226031, India
| | - Jiaur R Gayen
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, UP 226031, India
| | - Tadigoppula Narender
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, UP 226031, India.
| | - Anil Nilkanth Gaikwad
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, UP 226031, India.
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Tang J, Bei M, Zhu J, Xu G, Chen D, Jin X, Huang J, Dong J, Shi L, Xu L, Hu B. Acute cadmium exposure induces GSDME-mediated pyroptosis in triple-negative breast cancer cells through ROS generation and NLRP3 inflammasome pathway activation. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 87:103686. [PMID: 34098069 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2021.103686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) exposure can exert an impact on carcinogenicity of breast cancer, however, the mechanism is not fully understood in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). We performed a TNBC MDA-MB-231 cell model and assessed the toxic effect of Cd exposure (0, 10, 20, 50, 60, 80 μM). Cd reduced cell viability in a time- and dose-dependent manner, followed by cell cycle arrest in S phase with alterations of cyclin 1A1, cyclin 1D1 and CDK2. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, apoptosis and pyroptosis were increased, which were relieved by z-VAD. Elevated ROS and NLRP3, caspase-1, IL-1β and IL-18 were detected, which was attenuated by N-acetylcysteine. Increased bax and decreased caspase-8, caspase-9 and caspase-3 were found. gasdermin E (GSDME) was activated with cleavage of GSDME-NT, which was retarded by z-VAD. Additionally, p38 MAPK signaling pathway was activated. Our data demonstrate GSDME-activated pyroptosis in Cd toxicity, implying a potential impact on TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Tang
- Department of Pathology, and the Key-Innovative Discipline of Molecular Diagnostics, Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, ZJ, China
| | - Mingrong Bei
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University College of Medicine, Shantou, 515041, GD, China
| | - Jia Zhu
- Forensic and Pathology Laboratory, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, 314001, ZJ, China
| | - Guangtao Xu
- Forensic and Pathology Laboratory, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, 314001, ZJ, China
| | - Deqing Chen
- Forensic and Pathology Laboratory, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, 314001, ZJ, China
| | - Xin Jin
- Forensic and Pathology Laboratory, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, 314001, ZJ, China
| | - Jianzhong Huang
- Department of Public Health, Forensic and Pathology Laboratory, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, 314001, ZJ, China
| | - Jingjian Dong
- Medical Laboratory Center, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, 314001, ZJ, China
| | - Lili Shi
- Medical Laboratory Center, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, 314001, ZJ, China
| | - Long Xu
- Department of Public Health, Forensic and Pathology Laboratory, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, 314001, ZJ, China.
| | - Bo Hu
- Department of Pathology, and the Key-Innovative Discipline of Molecular Diagnostics, Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, ZJ, China.
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Hagan AE, Znati SA, Carter R, Westhorpe A, Macfarlane WM, Phillips GJ, Lloyd AW, Sharma RA, Lewis AL. Vandetanib-eluting radiopaque beads for chemoembolization: physicochemical evaluation and biological activity of vandetanib in hypoxia. Anticancer Drugs 2021; 32:897-908. [PMID: 33929994 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000001082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Vandetanib-eluting radiopaque beads (VERB) have been developed for use in transarterial chemoembolization of liver tumours, with the goal of combining embolization with local delivery of antiangiogenic therapy. The objective of this study was to investigate how embolization-induced hypoxia may affect antitumoural activity of vandetanib, an inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), in the context of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treatment. We studied the effect of vandetanib on proliferation, cell cycle and apoptosis of HCC cells, in hypoxic conditions, as well as the direct effects of the beads on 3D HCC spheroids. Vandetanib suppressed proliferation and induced apoptosis of HCC cells in vitro and was equipotent in hypoxic and normoxic conditions. High degrees of apoptosis were observed among cell lines in which vandetanib suppressed ERK1/2 phosphorylation and upregulated the proapoptotic protein Bim, but this did not appear essential for vandetanib-induced cell death in all cell lines. Vandetanib also suppressed the hypoxia-induced secretion of VEGF from HCC cells and inhibited proliferation of endothelial cells. Incubation of tumour spheroids with VERB led to sustained growth inhibition equivalent to the effect of free drug. We conclude that vandetanib has both antiangiogenic and direct anticancer activity against HCC cells even in hypoxic conditions, warranting the further evaluation of VERB as novel anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice E Hagan
- Biocompatibles UK Ltd, a BTG International group company, Lakeview, Riverside Way, Watchmoor Park, Camberley, (now a Boston Scientific Corp. company)
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Moulsecoomb, Brighton
| | - Sami A Znati
- NIHR University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, UCL Cancer Institute, Paul O'Gorman Building, London, UK
| | - Rebecca Carter
- NIHR University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, UCL Cancer Institute, Paul O'Gorman Building, London, UK
| | - Adam Westhorpe
- NIHR University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, UCL Cancer Institute, Paul O'Gorman Building, London, UK
| | - Wendy M Macfarlane
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Moulsecoomb, Brighton
| | - Gary J Phillips
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Moulsecoomb, Brighton
| | - Andrew W Lloyd
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Moulsecoomb, Brighton
| | - Ricky A Sharma
- NIHR University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, UCL Cancer Institute, Paul O'Gorman Building, London, UK
| | - Andrew L Lewis
- Biocompatibles UK Ltd, a BTG International group company, Lakeview, Riverside Way, Watchmoor Park, Camberley, (now a Boston Scientific Corp. company)
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121
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Deylam M, Alizadeh E, Sarikhani M, Hejazy M, Firouzamandi M. Zinc oxide nanoparticles promote the aging process in a size-dependent manner. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2021; 32:128. [PMID: 34591206 PMCID: PMC8484102 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-021-06602-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) are generally utilized in cosmetic goods, sheds, biosensors, and delivery of drug. As in vitro ideal systems, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are used to test acute toxicity. In the present study, size-dependent cytotoxicity effects of ZnO NPs on MSCs were assessed. Bone marrow and adipose MSCs were treated with ZnO NPs with average sizes of 10-30 and 35-45 nm. The 5 and 10 µg/ml concentrations of ZnO NP were found to be the safe concentrations for the NP sizes of 10-30 and 35-45 nm, respectively. Cell-cycle analysis indicated that the small size of ZnO NPs has more negative effects on the process of cell entry to DNA synthesis when compared to the larger size. The results of the β-galactosidase test showed the promotion of the aging process in the cells treated with the smaller size of ZnO NPs. Both sizes of the NP were found to upregulate the aging-related genes NF-kB and p53 and downregulate the anti-aging gene Nanog. To sum up, the smaller size of ZnO NPs can enhance the aging process in the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahla Deylam
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Effat Alizadeh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Manizheh Sarikhani
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Marzie Hejazy
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Firouzamandi
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
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122
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Siedlecka-Kroplewska K, Wrońska A, Kmieć Z. Piceatannol, a Structural Analog of Resveratrol, Is an Apoptosis Inducer and a Multidrug Resistance Modulator in HL-60 Human Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10597. [PMID: 34638937 PMCID: PMC8509003 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia is characterized by uncontrolled clonal proliferation of abnormal myeloid progenitor cells. Despite recent advances in the treatment of this disease, the prognosis and overall long-term survival for patients remain poor, which drives the search for new chemotherapeutics and treatment strategies. Piceatannol, a polyphenolic compound present in grapes and wine, appears to be a promising chemotherapeutic agent in the treatment of leukemia. The aim of the present study was to examine whether piceatannol induces autophagy and/or apoptosis in HL-60 human acute myeloid leukemia cells and whether HL-60 cells are able to acquire resistance to piceatannol toxicity. We found that piceatannol at the IC90 concentration of 14 µM did not induce autophagy in HL-60 cells. However, it induced caspase-dependent apoptosis characterized by phosphatidylserine externalization, disruption of the mitochondrial membrane potential, caspase-3 activation, internucleosomal DNA fragmentation, PARP1 cleavage, chromatin condensation, and fragmentation of cell nuclei. Our findings also imply that HL-60 cells are able to acquire resistance to piceatannol toxicity via mechanisms related to MRP1 activity. Our results suggest that the use of piceatannol as a potential chemotherapeutic agent may be associated with the risk of multidrug resistance, warranting its use in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents.
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123
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Jennemann R, Volz M, Bestvater F, Schmidt C, Richter K, Kaden S, Müthing J, Gröne HJ, Sandhoff R. Blockade of Glycosphingolipid Synthesis Inhibits Cell Cycle and Spheroid Growth of Colon Cancer Cells In Vitro and Experimental Colon Cancer Incidence In Vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910539. [PMID: 34638879 PMCID: PMC8508865 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers in humans. At early stages CRC is treated by surgery and at advanced stages combined with chemotherapy. We examined here the potential effect of glucosylceramide synthase (GCS)-inhibition on CRC biology. GCS is the rate-limiting enzyme in the glycosphingolipid (GSL)-biosynthesis pathway and overexpressed in many human tumors. We suppressed GSL-biosynthesis using the GCS inhibitor Genz-123346 (Genz), NB-DNJ (Miglustat) or by genetic targeting of the GCS-encoding gene UDP-glucose-ceramide-glucosyltransferase- (UGCG). GCS-inhibition or GSL-depletion led to a marked arrest of the cell cycle in Lovo cells. UGCG silencing strongly also inhibited tumor spheroid growth in Lovo cells and moderately in HCT116 cells. MS/MS analysis demonstrated markedly elevated levels of sphingomyelin (SM) and phosphatidylcholine (PC) that occurred in a Genz-concentration dependent manner. Ultrastructural analysis of Genz-treated cells indicated multi-lamellar lipid storage in vesicular compartments. In mice, Genz lowered the incidence of experimentally induced colorectal tumors and in particular the growth of colorectal adenomas. These results highlight the potential for GCS-based inhibition in the treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Jennemann
- Lipid Pathobiochemistry Group, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (M.V.); (R.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Martina Volz
- Lipid Pathobiochemistry Group, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (M.V.); (R.S.)
| | - Felix Bestvater
- Light Microscopy Facility, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (F.B.); (C.S.)
| | - Claudia Schmidt
- Light Microscopy Facility, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (F.B.); (C.S.)
| | - Karsten Richter
- Core Facility Electron Microscopy, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (K.R.); (S.K.)
| | - Sylvia Kaden
- Core Facility Electron Microscopy, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (K.R.); (S.K.)
| | - Johannes Müthing
- Institute for Hygiene, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany;
| | - Hermann-Josef Gröne
- Medical Faculty, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Roger Sandhoff
- Lipid Pathobiochemistry Group, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (M.V.); (R.S.)
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Rico-Díaz A, Barreiro-Alonso A, Rey-Souto C, Becerra M, Lamas-Maceiras M, Cerdán ME, Vizoso-Vázquez Á. The HMGB Protein KlIxr1, a DNA Binding Regulator of Kluyveromyces lactis Gene Expression Involved in Oxidative Metabolism, Growth, and dNTP Synthesis. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11091392. [PMID: 34572607 PMCID: PMC8465852 DOI: 10.3390/biom11091392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In the traditional fermentative model yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, ScIxr1 is an HMGB (High Mobility Group box B) protein that has been considered as an important regulator of gene transcription in response to external changes like oxygen, carbon source, or nutrient availability. Kluyveromyces lactis is also a useful eukaryotic model, more similar to many human cells due to its respiratory metabolism. We cloned and functionally characterized by different methodologies KlIXR1, which encodes a protein with only 34.4% amino acid sequence similarity to ScIxr1. Our data indicate that both proteins share common functions, including their involvement in the response to hypoxia or oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide or metal treatments, as well as in the control of key regulators for maintenance of the dNTP (deoxyribonucleotide triphosphate) pool and ribosome synthesis. KlIxr1 is able to bind specific regulatory DNA sequences in the promoter of its target genes, which are well conserved between S. cerevisiae and K. lactis. Oppositely, we found important differences between ScIrx1 and KlIxr1 affecting cellular responses to cisplatin or cycloheximide in these yeasts, which could be dependent on specific and non-conserved domains present in these two proteins.
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Feng Y, Cao X, Zhao B, Song C, Pang B, Hu L, Zhang C, Wang J, He J, Wang S. Nitrate increases cisplatin chemosensitivity of oral squamous cell carcinoma via REDD1/AKT signaling pathway. Sci China Life Sci 2021; 64:1814-1828. [PMID: 34542810 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-020-1978-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Although cisplatin is one of the chemotherapeutics most frequently used in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) treatment, it exerts multiple side effects and poor chemosensitivity. Nitrate reportedly demonstrates several beneficial biological functions, and synthesized nitrates enhance the therapeutic efficacy of chemotherapy. However, the role of inorganic nitrate in cisplatin chemotherapy remains unclear. We therefore investigated the effect of inorganic nitrate exerted on cisplatin sensitivity in OSCC. We found that nitrate did not affect OSCC cell growth and apoptosis in OSCC cells and OSCC xenograft tumor animal studies. Cisplatin induced REDD1 expression and AKT activation in OSCC. However, nitrate could increase cisplatin chemosensitivity, reduce its REDD1 expression, and attenuate AKT signaling activation in OSCC cells. Dysregulation of high levels of REDD1, which could enhance AKT activation, was positively associated with poor prognosis in OSCC patients. Thus, reduced REDD1 expression and retarded AKT activation induced by inorganic nitrate might be a new potential approach to the sensitization of oral cancer to cisplatin treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyong Feng
- Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, 100050, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
- Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xuedi Cao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Capital Medical University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Chunyan Song
- Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Baoxing Pang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Liang Hu
- Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Chunmei Zhang
- Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jinsong Wang
- Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, 100050, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Capital Medical University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Junqi He
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Capital Medical University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100069, China.
| | - Songlin Wang
- Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, 100050, China.
- Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Capital Medical University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100069, China.
- Research Units of Tooth Development and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100069, China.
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126
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Nisticò C, Pagliari F, Chiarella E, Fernandes Guerreiro J, Marafioti MG, Aversa I, Genard G, Hanley R, Garcia-Calderón D, Bond HM, Mesuraca M, Tirinato L, Spadea MF, Seco JC. Lipid Droplet Biosynthesis Impairment through DGAT2 Inhibition Sensitizes MCF7 Breast Cancer Cells to Radiation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10102. [PMID: 34576263 PMCID: PMC8466244 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most frequent cancer in women worldwide and late diagnosis often adversely affects the prognosis of the disease. Radiotherapy is commonly used to treat breast cancer, reducing the risk of recurrence after surgery. However, the eradication of radioresistant cancer cells, including cancer stem cells, remains the main challenge of radiotherapy. Recently, lipid droplets (LDs) have been proposed as functional markers of cancer stem cells, also being involved in increased cell tumorigenicity. LD biogenesis is a multistep process requiring various enzymes, including Diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 (DGAT2). In this context, we evaluated the effect of PF-06424439, a selective DGAT2 inhibitor, on MCF7 breast cancer cells exposed to X-rays. Our results demonstrated that 72 h of PF-06424439 treatment reduced LD content and inhibited cell migration, without affecting cell proliferation. Interestingly, PF-06424439 pre-treatment followed by radiation was able to enhance radiosensitivity of MCF7 cells. In addition, the combined treatment negatively interfered with lipid metabolism-related genes, as well as with EMT gene expression, and modulated the expression of typical markers associated with the CSC-like phenotype. These findings suggest that PF-06424439 pre-treatment coupled to X-ray exposure might potentiate breast cancer cell radiosensitivity and potentially improve the radiotherapy effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clelia Nisticò
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (C.N.); (E.C.); (M.G.M.); (I.A.); (H.M.B.); (M.M.)
- Division of BioMedical Physics in Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (F.P.); (J.F.G.); (G.G.); (R.H.); (D.G.-C.)
| | - Francesca Pagliari
- Division of BioMedical Physics in Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (F.P.); (J.F.G.); (G.G.); (R.H.); (D.G.-C.)
| | - Emanuela Chiarella
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (C.N.); (E.C.); (M.G.M.); (I.A.); (H.M.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Joana Fernandes Guerreiro
- Division of BioMedical Physics in Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (F.P.); (J.F.G.); (G.G.); (R.H.); (D.G.-C.)
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10 (km 1397), 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal
| | - Maria Grazia Marafioti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (C.N.); (E.C.); (M.G.M.); (I.A.); (H.M.B.); (M.M.)
- Division of BioMedical Physics in Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (F.P.); (J.F.G.); (G.G.); (R.H.); (D.G.-C.)
| | - Ilenia Aversa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (C.N.); (E.C.); (M.G.M.); (I.A.); (H.M.B.); (M.M.)
- Division of BioMedical Physics in Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (F.P.); (J.F.G.); (G.G.); (R.H.); (D.G.-C.)
| | - Geraldine Genard
- Division of BioMedical Physics in Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (F.P.); (J.F.G.); (G.G.); (R.H.); (D.G.-C.)
| | - Rachel Hanley
- Division of BioMedical Physics in Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (F.P.); (J.F.G.); (G.G.); (R.H.); (D.G.-C.)
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 227, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Garcia-Calderón
- Division of BioMedical Physics in Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (F.P.); (J.F.G.); (G.G.); (R.H.); (D.G.-C.)
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 227, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Heather Mandy Bond
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (C.N.); (E.C.); (M.G.M.); (I.A.); (H.M.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Maria Mesuraca
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (C.N.); (E.C.); (M.G.M.); (I.A.); (H.M.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Luca Tirinato
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (C.N.); (E.C.); (M.G.M.); (I.A.); (H.M.B.); (M.M.)
- Division of BioMedical Physics in Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (F.P.); (J.F.G.); (G.G.); (R.H.); (D.G.-C.)
| | - Maria Francesca Spadea
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (C.N.); (E.C.); (M.G.M.); (I.A.); (H.M.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Joao Carlos Seco
- Division of BioMedical Physics in Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (F.P.); (J.F.G.); (G.G.); (R.H.); (D.G.-C.)
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 227, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Hsu HL, Chen HK, Tsai CH, Liao PL, Chan YJ, Lee YC, Lee CC, Li CH. Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Defect Attenuates Mitogen-Activated Signaling through Leucine-Rich Repeats and Immunoglobulin-like Domains 1 (LRIG1)-Dependent EGFR Degradation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9988. [PMID: 34576152 PMCID: PMC8464816 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) genomic pathway has been well-characterized in a number of respiratory diseases. In addition, the cytoplasmic AHR protein may act as an adaptor of E3 ubiquitin ligase. In this study, the physiological functions of AHR that regulate cell proliferation were explored using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. The doubling-time of the AHR-KO clones of A549 and BEAS-2B was observed to be prolonged. The attenuation of proliferation potential was strongly associated with either the induction of p27Kip1 or the impairment in mitogenic signal transduction driven by the epidermal growth factor (EGF) and EGF receptor (EGFR). We found that the leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domains 1 (LRIG1), a repressor of EGFR, was induced in the absence of AHR in vitro and in vivo. The LRIG1 tends to degrade via a proteasome dependent manner by interacting with AHR in wild-type cells. Either LRIG1 or a disintegrin and metalloprotease 17 (ADAM17) were accumulated in AHR-defective cells, consequently accelerating the degradation of EGFR, and attenuating the response to mitogenic stimulation. We also affirmed low AHR but high LRIG1 levels in lung tissues of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. This might partially elucidate the sluggish tissue repairment and developing inflammation in COPD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Lin Hsu
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan;
- Pulmonary Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
| | - Hong-Kai Chen
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
| | - Chi-Hao Tsai
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27517, USA;
| | - Po-Lin Liao
- Institute of Food Safety and Health Risk Assessment, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan;
| | - Yen-Ju Chan
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Cheng Lee
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
| | - Chen-Chen Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, China Medicine University, Taichung 404, Taiwan;
| | - Ching-Hao Li
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
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128
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Rutz J, Benchellal A, Kassabra W, Maxeiner S, Bernd A, Kippenberger S, Zöller N, Chun FKH, Juengel E, Blaheta RA. Growth, Proliferation and Metastasis of Prostate Cancer Cells Is Blocked by Low-Dose Curcumin in Combination with Light Irradiation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189966. [PMID: 34576132 PMCID: PMC8469895 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although anti-cancer properties of the natural compound curcumin have been reported, low absorption and rapid metabolisation limit clinical use. The present study investigated whether irradiation with visible light may enhance the inhibitory effects of low-dosed curcumin on prostate cancer cell growth, proliferation, and metastasis in vitro. DU145 and PC3 cells were incubated with low-dosed curcumin (0.1–0.4 µg/mL) and subsequently irradiated with 1.65 J/cm2 visible light for 5 min. Controls remained untreated and/or non-irradiated. Cell growth, proliferation, apoptosis, adhesion, and chemotaxis were evaluated, as was cell cycle regulating protein expression (CDK, Cyclins), and integrins of the α- and β-family. Curcumin or light alone did not cause any significant effects on tumor growth, proliferation, or metastasis. However, curcumin combined with light irradiation significantly suppressed tumor growth, adhesion, and migration. Phosphorylation of CDK1 decreased and expression of the counter-receptors cyclin A and B was diminished. Integrin α and β subtypes were also reduced, compared to controls. Irradiation distinctly enhances the anti-tumor potential of curcumin in vitro and may hold promise in treating prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochen Rutz
- Department of Urology, Goethe-University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (J.R.); (A.B.); (W.K.); (S.M.); (F.K.-H.C.); (E.J.)
| | - Aicha Benchellal
- Department of Urology, Goethe-University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (J.R.); (A.B.); (W.K.); (S.M.); (F.K.-H.C.); (E.J.)
| | - Wajdi Kassabra
- Department of Urology, Goethe-University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (J.R.); (A.B.); (W.K.); (S.M.); (F.K.-H.C.); (E.J.)
| | - Sebastian Maxeiner
- Department of Urology, Goethe-University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (J.R.); (A.B.); (W.K.); (S.M.); (F.K.-H.C.); (E.J.)
| | - August Bernd
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology, Goethe-University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (A.B.); (S.K.); (N.Z.)
| | - Stefan Kippenberger
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology, Goethe-University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (A.B.); (S.K.); (N.Z.)
| | - Nadja Zöller
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology, Goethe-University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (A.B.); (S.K.); (N.Z.)
| | - Felix K.-H. Chun
- Department of Urology, Goethe-University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (J.R.); (A.B.); (W.K.); (S.M.); (F.K.-H.C.); (E.J.)
| | - Eva Juengel
- Department of Urology, Goethe-University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (J.R.); (A.B.); (W.K.); (S.M.); (F.K.-H.C.); (E.J.)
| | - Roman A. Blaheta
- Department of Urology, Goethe-University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (J.R.); (A.B.); (W.K.); (S.M.); (F.K.-H.C.); (E.J.)
- Correspondence:
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129
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Sun L, Morikawa K, Sogo Y, Sugiura Y. MHY1485 enhances X-irradiation-induced apoptosis and senescence in tumor cells. J Radiat Res 2021; 62:782-792. [PMID: 34265852 PMCID: PMC8438247 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrab057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a sensor of nutrient status and plays an important role in cell growth and metabolism. Although inhibition of mTOR signaling promotes tumor cell death and several mTOR inhibitors have been used clinically, recent reports have shown that co-treatment with MHY1485, an mTOR activator, enhances the anti-cancer effects of anti-PD-1 antibody and 5-fluorouracil. However, it remains unclear whether MHY1485 treatment alters the effects of radiation on tumor cells. In this study, the radiosensitizing effects of MHY1485 were investigated using murine CT26 and LLC cell lines. We examined mTOR signaling, tumor cell growth, colony formation, apoptosis, senescence, oxidative stress, p21 accumulation and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress levels in cells treated with MHY1485 and radiation, either alone or together. We found that MHY1485 treatment inhibited growth and colony formation in both cell lines under irradiation and no-irradiation conditions, results that were not fully consistent with MHY1485's known role in activating mTOR signaling. Furthermore, we found that combined treatment with MHY1485 and radiation significantly increased apoptosis and senescence in tumor cells in association with oxidative stress, ER stress and p21 stabilization, compared to radiation treatment alone. Our results suggested that MHY1485 enhances the radiosensitivity of tumor cells by a mechanism that may differ from MHY1485's role in mTOR activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lue Sun
- Corresponding author. Health and Medical Research Institute, Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan. Tel: +81-29-849-1564; Fax: +81-29-861-6149; E-mail:
| | - Kumi Morikawa
- Health and Medical Research Institute, Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan
| | - Yu Sogo
- Health and Medical Research Institute, Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan
| | - Yuki Sugiura
- Health and Medical Research Institute, Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2217-14, Hayashi-cho, Takamatsu, Kagawa 761-0895, Japan
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130
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Eissa AAM, Aljamal KFM, Ibrahim HS, Abdelrasheed Allam H. Design and synthesis of novel pyridopyrimidine derivatives with anchoring non-coplanar aromatic extensions of EGFR inhibitory activity. Bioorg Chem 2021; 116:105318. [PMID: 34488123 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The present study describes the synthesis of three series of 4-substituted pyridopyrimidin derivatives 4a-h, 5a-d. 6a-d, starting from 2-amino-6-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-(4-(substituted) phenyl)nicotinonitrile 2a-d via the reaction with N,N-dimethyl-N-' substituted phenyl formimidamide to obtain 4a-h or with either phenyl isothiocyanate 1:1 and 1:2 to obtain 5a-d, 6a-d respectively. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for their effectiveness as EGFR inhibitors against Gefitinib. Six compounds; 4b,g,h, 5c and 6a,d prompted significantly higher EGFR inhibitory activity relative to that of Gefitinib. While two compounds 4d and 4f showed IC50 values non-significantly different from that of the reference drug. Furthermore, compounds 4a, 4 h, 6a and 6d were chosen to be assessed in vitro for their cytotoxicity against two EGFR-overexpressing cell lines; two human cancer cell lines namely: MCF7 and MDA-MB-361. Moreover, cell cycle analysis and apoptotic assay was applied for compound 4b that showed most potent inhibitory activity on EGFR, and the highest cytotoxicity against MCF7 and MDA-MB-361, where cell cycle arrest was achieved at pre G and S phases with increased apoptosis. Additionally, a molecular docking study was achieved to inspect the interaction of this compound with the active site of EGFR-TK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal A M Eissa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Kholoud F M Aljamal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Hany S Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt.
| | - Heba Abdelrasheed Allam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo 11562, Egypt.
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131
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Nica IC, Stan MS, Popescu RG, Nicula N, Ducu R, Diamandescu L, Dinischiotu A. Fe-N Co-Doped Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Induce Cell Death in Human Lung Fibroblasts in a p53-Independent Manner. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179627. [PMID: 34502536 PMCID: PMC8431805 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The advancement of nanotechnology in the last decade has developed an abundance of novel and intriguing TiO2-based nanomaterials that are widely used in many sectors, including industry (as a food additive and colorant in cosmetics, paints, plastics, and toothpaste) and biomedicine (photoelectrochemical biosensing, implant coatings, drug delivery, and new emerging antimicrobial agents). Therefore, the increased use of engineered nanomaterials in the industry has raised serious concern about human exposure and their unexpected cytotoxic effects. Since inhalation is considered the most relevant way of absorbing nanomaterials, different cell death mechanisms induced in MRC-5 lung fibroblasts, following the exposure to functionalized TiO2 NPs, were investigated. Long-term exposure to TiO2 nanoparticles co-doped with 1% of iron and nitrogen led to the alteration of p53 protein activity and the gene expression controlled by this suppressor (NF-kB and mdm2), DNA damage, cell cycle disruptions at the G2/M and S phases, and lysosomal membrane permeabilization and the subsequent release of cathepsin B, triggering the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis in a Bax- and p53-independent manner. Our results are of major significance, contributing to the understanding of the mechanisms underlying the interaction of these nanoparticles with in vitro biological systems, and also providing useful information for the development of new photocatalytic nanoparticles that are active in the visible spectrum, but with increased biocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ionela Cristina Nica
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 91-95 Splaiul Independentei, 050095 Bucharest, Romania; (I.C.N.); (R.G.P.); (A.D.)
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest–ICUB, University of Bucharest, 050657 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Miruna S. Stan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 91-95 Splaiul Independentei, 050095 Bucharest, Romania; (I.C.N.); (R.G.P.); (A.D.)
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest–ICUB, University of Bucharest, 050657 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +40-21-318-15-75
| | - Roua G. Popescu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 91-95 Splaiul Independentei, 050095 Bucharest, Romania; (I.C.N.); (R.G.P.); (A.D.)
| | - Nicoleta Nicula
- Environment/Energy and Climate Change Department, National Institute for Research and Development in Electrical Engineering ICPE—CA, 313 Splaiul Unirii, 030138 Bucharest, Romania; (N.N.); (R.D.)
| | - Robert Ducu
- Environment/Energy and Climate Change Department, National Institute for Research and Development in Electrical Engineering ICPE—CA, 313 Splaiul Unirii, 030138 Bucharest, Romania; (N.N.); (R.D.)
| | - Lucian Diamandescu
- National Institute of Materials Physics (NIMP), Atomistilor 405A, Magurele, 077125 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Anca Dinischiotu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 91-95 Splaiul Independentei, 050095 Bucharest, Romania; (I.C.N.); (R.G.P.); (A.D.)
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132
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Kang F, Zhang S, Chen D, Tan J, Kuang M, Zhang J, Zeng G, Xu K, Zou Z, Tan G. Biflavonoids from Selaginella doederleinii as Potential Antitumor Agents for Intervention of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Molecules 2021; 26:5401. [PMID: 34500834 PMCID: PMC8434134 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Four new biflavonoids (1-4) were isolated from Selaginella doederleinii together with a known biflavonoid derivative (5). Their structures contained a rare linker of individual flavones to each other by direct C-3-O-C-4''' bonds, and were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic data, including HRESIMS, NMR and ECD data. All isolates significantly inhibited the proliferation of NSCLC cells (IC50 = 2.3-8.4 μM) with low toxicity to non-cancer MRC-5 cells, superior to the clinically used drug DDP. Furthermore, the most active compound 3 suppressed XIAP and survivin expression, promoted upregulation of caspase-3/cleaved-caspase-3, as well as induced cell apoptosis and cycle arrest in A549 cells. Together, our findings suggest that 3 may be worth studying further for intervention of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenghua Kang
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China; (F.K.); (S.Z.); (D.C.); (J.T.); (M.K.); (J.Z.); (G.Z.); (K.X.)
- Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- Hunan Key laboratory of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Drug Research for Chronic Diseases, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Sha Zhang
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China; (F.K.); (S.Z.); (D.C.); (J.T.); (M.K.); (J.Z.); (G.Z.); (K.X.)
- Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- Hunan Key laboratory of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Drug Research for Chronic Diseases, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Dekun Chen
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China; (F.K.); (S.Z.); (D.C.); (J.T.); (M.K.); (J.Z.); (G.Z.); (K.X.)
- Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- Hunan Key laboratory of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Drug Research for Chronic Diseases, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Jianbing Tan
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China; (F.K.); (S.Z.); (D.C.); (J.T.); (M.K.); (J.Z.); (G.Z.); (K.X.)
- Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- Hunan Key laboratory of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Drug Research for Chronic Diseases, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Min Kuang
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China; (F.K.); (S.Z.); (D.C.); (J.T.); (M.K.); (J.Z.); (G.Z.); (K.X.)
- Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- Hunan Key laboratory of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Drug Research for Chronic Diseases, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Jinlin Zhang
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China; (F.K.); (S.Z.); (D.C.); (J.T.); (M.K.); (J.Z.); (G.Z.); (K.X.)
- Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- Hunan Key laboratory of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Drug Research for Chronic Diseases, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Guangyuan Zeng
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China; (F.K.); (S.Z.); (D.C.); (J.T.); (M.K.); (J.Z.); (G.Z.); (K.X.)
- Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- Hunan Key laboratory of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Drug Research for Chronic Diseases, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Kangping Xu
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China; (F.K.); (S.Z.); (D.C.); (J.T.); (M.K.); (J.Z.); (G.Z.); (K.X.)
- Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- Hunan Key laboratory of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Drug Research for Chronic Diseases, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Zhenxing Zou
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China; (F.K.); (S.Z.); (D.C.); (J.T.); (M.K.); (J.Z.); (G.Z.); (K.X.)
- Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- Hunan Key laboratory of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Drug Research for Chronic Diseases, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Guishan Tan
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China; (F.K.); (S.Z.); (D.C.); (J.T.); (M.K.); (J.Z.); (G.Z.); (K.X.)
- Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- Hunan Key laboratory of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Drug Research for Chronic Diseases, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
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Castellanet O, Ahmad F, Vinik Y, Mills GB, Habermann B, Borg JP, Lev S, Lamballe F, Maina F. BCL-XL blockage in TNBC models confers vulnerability to inhibition of specific cell cycle regulators. Theranostics 2021; 11:9180-9197. [PMID: 34646365 PMCID: PMC8490507 DOI: 10.7150/thno.60503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell cycle regulators are frequently altered in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC). Emerging agents targeting these signals offer the possibility to design new combinatorial therapies. However, preclinical models that recapitulate TNBC primary resistance and heterogeneity are essential to evaluate the potency of these combined treatments. Methods: Bioinformatic processing of human breast cancer datasets was used to analyse correlations between expression levels of cell cycle regulators and patient survival outcome. The MMTV-R26Met mouse model of TNBC resistance and heterogeneity was employed to analyse expression and targeting vulnerability of cell cycle regulators in the presence of BCL-XL blockage. Robustness of outcomes and selectivity was further explored using a panel of human breast cancer cells. Orthotopic studies in nude mice were applied for preclinical evaluation of efficacy and toxicity. Alterations of protein expression, phosphorylation, and/or cellular localisation were analysed by western blots, reverse phase protein array, and immunocytochemistry. Bioinformatics was performed to highlight drug's mechanisms of action. Results: We report that high expression levels of the BCL2L1 gene encoding BCL-XL and of specific cell cycle regulators correlate with poor survival outcomes of TNBC patients. Blockage of BCL-XL confers vulnerability to drugs targeting CDK1/2/4, but not FOXM1, CDK4/6, Aurora A and Aurora B, to all MMTV-R26Met and human TNBC cell lines tested. Combined blockage of BCL-XL and CDK1/2/4 interfered with tumour growth in vivo. Mechanistically, we show that, co-targeting of BCL-XL and CDK1/2/4 synergistically inhibited cell viability by combinatorial depletion of survival and RTK/AKT signals, and concomitantly restoring FOXO3a tumour suppression actions. This was accompanied by an accumulation of DNA damage and consequently apoptosis. Conclusions: Our studies illustrate the possibility to exploit the vulnerability of TNBC cells to CDK1/2/4 inhibition by targeting BCL-XL. Moreover, they underline that specificity matters in targeting cell cycle regulators for combinatorial anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Castellanet
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Developmental Biology Institute of Marseille (IBDM), Turing Center for Living Systems, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, Marseille (France)
| | - Fahmida Ahmad
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Developmental Biology Institute of Marseille (IBDM), Turing Center for Living Systems, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, Marseille (France)
| | - Yaron Vinik
- Weizmann Institute of Science, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Rehovot (Israel)
| | | | - Bianca Habermann
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Developmental Biology Institute of Marseille (IBDM), Turing Center for Living Systems, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, Marseille (France)
| | - Jean-Paul Borg
- Aix Marseille Univ, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Equipe labellisée Ligue 'Cell polarity, cell signaling and cancer', Inserm, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille (France)
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF)
| | - Sima Lev
- Weizmann Institute of Science, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Rehovot (Israel)
| | - Fabienne Lamballe
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Developmental Biology Institute of Marseille (IBDM), Turing Center for Living Systems, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, Marseille (France)
| | - Flavio Maina
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Developmental Biology Institute of Marseille (IBDM), Turing Center for Living Systems, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, Marseille (France)
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Marzocco S, Singla RK, Capasso A. Multifaceted Effects of Lycopene: A Boulevard to the Multitarget-Based Treatment for Cancer. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26175333. [PMID: 34500768 PMCID: PMC8434243 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Lycopene is a pigment belonging to the group of carotenoids and it is among the most carefully studied antioxidants found especially in fruit and vegetables. As a carotenoid, lycopene exerts beneficial effects on human health by protecting lipids, proteins, and DNA from damage by oxidation. Lycopene is a powerful oxygen inactivator in the singlet state. This is suggestive of the fact that lycopene harbors comparatively stronger antioxidant properties over other carotenoids normally present in plasma. Lycopene is also reported to hinder cancer cell proliferation. The uncontrolled, rapid division of cells is a characteristic of the metabolism of cancer cells. Evidently, lycopene causes a delay in the progression of the cell cycle, which explains its antitumor activity. Furthermore, lycopene can block cell transformation by reducing the loss of contact inhibition of cancer cells. This paper collects recent studies of scientific evidence that show the multiple beneficial properties of lycopene, which acts with different molecular and cellular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Marzocco
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-089-96-92-50
| | - Rajeev K. Singla
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China;
- iGlobal Research and Publishing Foundation, New Delhi 110059, India
| | - Anna Capasso
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy;
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Zhao J, Jin W, Yi K, Wang Q, Zhou J, Tan Y, Xu C, Xiao M, Hong B, Xu F, Zhang K, Kang C. Combination LSD1 and HOTAIR-EZH2 inhibition disrupts cell cycle processes and induces apoptosis in glioblastoma cells. Pharmacol Res 2021; 171:105764. [PMID: 34246782 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary central nervous system tumor and has a poor prognosis, with a median survival time of only 14 months from diagnosis. Abnormally expressed long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are important epigenetic regulators of chromatin modification and gene expression regulation in tumors, including GBM. We previously showed that the lncRNA HOTAIR is related to the cell cycle progression and can be used as an independent predictor in GBM. Lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1), binding to 3' domain of HOTAIR, specifically removes mono- and di-methyl marks from H3 lysine 4 (H3K4) and plays key roles during carcinogenesis. In this study, we combined a HOTAIR-EZH2 disrupting agent and an LSD1 inhibitor, AC1Q3QWB (AQB) and GSK-LSD1, respectively, to block the two functional domains of HOTAIR and potentially provide therapeutic benefit in the treatment of GBM. Using an Agilent Human ceRNA Microarray, we identified tumor suppressor genes upregulated by AQB and GSK-LSD1, followed by Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays to explore the epigenetic mechanisms of genes activation. Microarray analysis showed that AQB and GSK-LSD1 regulate cell cycle processes and induces apoptosis in GBM cell lines. Furthermore, we found that the combination of AQB and GSK-LSD1 showed a powerful effect of inhibiting cell cycle processes by targeting CDKN1A, whereas apoptosis promoting effects of combination therapy were mediated by BBC3 in vitro. ChIP assays revealed that GSK-LSD1 and AQB regulate P21 and PUMA, respectively via upregulating H3K4me2 and downregulating H3K27me3. Combination therapy with AQB and GSK-LSD1 on tumor malignancy in vitro and GBM patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models shows enhanced anti-tumor efficacy and appears to be a promising new strategy for GBM treatment through its effects on epigenetic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jixing Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Laboratory of Neuro-oncology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neurotrauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Weili Jin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Laboratory of Neuro-oncology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neurotrauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Kaikai Yi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Laboratory of Neuro-oncology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neurotrauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Qixue Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Laboratory of Neuro-oncology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neurotrauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Junhu Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Laboratory of Neuro-oncology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neurotrauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Yanli Tan
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Can Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Menglin Xiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Biao Hong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Laboratory of Neuro-oncology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neurotrauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Fenfen Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250013, Shandong, China
| | - Kailiang Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China.
| | - Chunsheng Kang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Laboratory of Neuro-oncology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neurotrauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin 300052, China.
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Xu L, Huang G, Zhu Z, Tian S, Wei Y, Hong H, Lu X, Li Y, Liu F, Zhao H. LFZ-4-46, a tetrahydroisoquinoline derivative, induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest via induction of DNA damage and activation of MAPKs pathway in cancer cells. Anticancer Drugs 2021; 32:842-854. [PMID: 33929988 PMCID: PMC8366768 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000001077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
LFZ-4-46, that is [2-hydroxy-1-phenyl-1,5,6,10b-tetrahydropyrazolo(5,1-a) isoquinolin-3(2H)-yl](phenyl) methanone, a tetrahydroisoquinoline derivative with a pyrazolidine moiety, was synthetically prepared. The anti-cancer mechanism of the compound has not been clarified yet. In this study, the anticancer effects and potential mechanisms of LFZ-4-46 on human breast and prostate cancer cells were explored. (a) 3-(4,5-Dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazoliumbromide assay was first performed to detect the effects of LFZ-4-46 on the viability of human cancer cells. (b) Comet assay was utilized to evaluate DNA damage. (c) Cell cycle, apoptosis and mitochondrial membrane potential were detected by flow cytometry. (d) The expression of relative proteins was detected by western blotting assay. LFZ-4-46 significantly inhibited the viability of cancer cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner and had no obviously inhibitory effect on the viability of mammary epithelial MCF-10A cells. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that LFZ-4-46-induced cell apoptosis and cycle arrest were mediated by DNA damage. It caused DNA damage through activating γ-H2AX and breaking DNA strands. Further studies showed that mitogen-activated protein kinasess pathway was involved in these activated several key molecular events. Finally, LFZ-4-46 showed a potent antitumor effect in vivo. These results suggest that LFZ-4-46 may be a potential lead compound for the treatment of breast and prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou
| | - Guozheng Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou
- Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xinjiang
| | - Zhihui Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou
| | - Shasha Tian
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou
| | - Yingying Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou
| | - Huanwu Hong
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou
| | - Xiaowei Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou
| | - Ying Li
- Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xinjiang
| | - Feize Liu
- Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xinjiang
| | - Huajun Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou
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Perez Gonçalves BÔ, Dos Santos GSP, de Andrade WP, Fialho SL, Gomes DA, Silva LM. Phenotypic changes on central nervous system (CNS) tumor cell lines cultured in vitro 2D and 3D models and treated with cisplatin. Acta Histochem 2021; 123:151768. [PMID: 34403847 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2021.151768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Despite aggressive therapy, most patients with brain tumors present disease relapse due to the cellular and molecular nature of these tumors. One of the models that best explains the heterogeneity observed in CNS tumors is the presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs). In this paper, we evaluated platinum-based response in brain tumor U-87 MG, LN-18, and KELLY cell lines cultured in monolayer (2D) and neurosphere (CSC enrichment- 3D) models. We evaluated mRNA expression of heat shock proteins (HSPA1A, HSPB1, HSPA1AL, TRAP1, and HSPD1), and DNA repair gene ERCC1. Changes in cell cycle and glycosylation profile were assessed by flow cytometry. After treatment with cisplatin, we found that the mRNA expression of HSPs markedly increased in the U-87 MG and LN-18 neurosphere cells. In KELLY monolayer cells, cisplatin induced upregulation of all genes. In KELLY neurosphere cells, only the HSPA1A, HSPB1, TRAP1, and HSPD1 genes were upregulated. The proportion of cells in the G0/G1 phase was significantly higher in U-87 MG neurosphere cisplatin-treated cells. A trend towards a greater proportion of cells in the S phase of U-87 MG monolayer cisplatin-treated cells was also observed. On the other hand, a significant decrease in the number of cells in the S phase and an increase in G2/M was observed in LN-18 monolayer cisplatin-treated cells. Glycosylation analysis using lectins showed a higher surface binding for PNA in the U-87 MG treated monolayer and a lower binding for Concanavalin A in the treated neurospheres. The binding of Isolectin GS-IB4, GSII, and SBA in KELLY monolayer cisplatin-treated cells was lower whereas the proportion of cells labeled with Concanavalin A was higher. In the KELLY neurosphere cisplatin-treated cells, the binding of Concanavalin A was lower than nontreated cells. Thus, our findings strongly supported the idea that definitions of phenotypic characteristics may help to establish better therapeutic strategies for brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Ôrtero Perez Gonçalves
- Cellular Biology, Research and Development Department, Ezequiel Dias Foundation, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 30510-010, Brazil; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Sílvia Ligório Fialho
- Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Ezequiel Dias Foundation, Belo Horizonte, MinasGerais 30510-010, Brazil
| | - Dawidson Assis Gomes
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Luciana Maria Silva
- Cellular Biology, Research and Development Department, Ezequiel Dias Foundation, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 30510-010, Brazil.
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138
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Takahashi K, Tanabe R, Ehata S, Kubota SI, Morishita Y, Ueda HR, Miyazono K. Visualization of the cancer cell cycle by tissue-clearing technology using the Fucci reporter system. Cancer Sci 2021; 112:3796-3809. [PMID: 34145937 PMCID: PMC8409402 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue-clearing technology is an emerging imaging technique currently utilized not only in neuroscience research but also in cancer research. In our previous reports, tissue-clearing methods were used for the detection of metastatic tumors. Here, we showed that the cell cycles of primary and metastatic tumors were visualized by tissue-clearing methods using a reporter system. First, we established cancer cell lines stably expressing fluorescent ubiquitination-based cell cycle indicator (Fucci) reporter with widely used cancer cell lines A549 and 4T1. Fluorescence patterns of the Fucci reporter were investigated in various tumor inoculation models in mice. Interestingly, fluorescence patterns of the Fucci reporter of tumor colonies were different between various organs, and even among colonies in the same organs. The effects of antitumor drugs were also evaluated using these Fucci reporter cells. Of the three antitumor drugs studied, 5-fluorouracil treatment on 4T1-Fucci cells resulted in characteristic fluorescent patterns by the induction of G2 /M arrest both in vitro and in vivo. Thus, the combination of a tissue-clearing method with the Fucci reporter is useful for analyzing the mechanisms of cancer metastasis and drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Takahashi
- Department of Molecular PathologyGraduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Ryo Tanabe
- Department of Molecular PathologyGraduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Shogo Ehata
- Department of Molecular PathologyGraduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
- Environmental Science CenterThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Shimpei I. Kubota
- Department of Molecular PathologyGraduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Yasuyuki Morishita
- Department of Molecular PathologyGraduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Hiroki R. Ueda
- Department of Systems PharmacologyGraduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
- Laboratory for Synthetic BiologyRIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics ResearchSuitaJapan
| | - Kohei Miyazono
- Department of Molecular PathologyGraduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
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Pires AS, Varela CL, Marques IA, Abrantes AM, Gonçalves C, Rodrigues T, Matafome P, Botelho MF, Roleira FMF, Tavares-da-Silva E. Oxymestane, a cytostatic steroid derivative of exemestane with greater antitumor activity in non-estrogen-dependent cell lines. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 212:105950. [PMID: 34271024 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2021.105950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A new promising steroid derivative of Exemestane (Exe), the drug used for the treatment of estrogen-dependent breast cancer, was synthesized and evaluated against a set of human cancer cell lines. The new compound (Oxymestane-D1, Oxy) was tested comparatively with Exe against colon (C2BBe1, WiDr), liver (HepG2, HuH-7), lung (A549, H1299) and prostate (LNCaP, PC3) human cancer cell lines. Likewise, its effect on human colon normal cells (CCD-841 CoN) and human normal fibroblast cells (HFF-1) was studied. The cytostatic activity of Oxy was also compared with that of the reference cytostatic drugs used in chemotherapy protocols, namely carboplatin, cisplatin, doxorubicin, epirubicin, etoposide, flutamide, 5-fluorouracil, irinotecan, oxaliplatin and sorafenib. In all cell lines tested, Oxy proved to be more powerful cytostatic than Exe. Additionally, the IC50 at 72 h showed a three-fold activity greater than 5-fluorouracil in the WiDr cell line, twice as high as cisplatin for cell line A549 and five times higher than cisplatin for cell line H1299. Also, Oxy surprisingly revealed to induce DNA damage and inhibit the DNA damage response (DDR) proteins ATM, ATR, CHK1 and CHK2. The results obtained allow concluding that Oxy can be a promising anticancer agent to be used in chemotherapy protocols. Furthermore, its ability to inhibit crucial components of DDR can also be useful for the monotherapy or for combination with chemo and/or radiotherapy of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana S Pires
- University of Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR) area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Biophysics Institute of Faculty of Medicine, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Pólo III - Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Coimbra, 3000-548, Portugal; Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra, Praceta Prof. Mota Pinto, Coimbra, 3004-561, Portugal; University of Coimbra, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Pólo III - Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Coimbra, 3000-548, Portugal.
| | - Carla L Varela
- University of Coimbra, CIEPQPF, FFUC, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Pólo III - Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Coimbra, 3000-548, Portugal.
| | - Inês A Marques
- University of Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR) area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Biophysics Institute of Faculty of Medicine, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Pólo III - Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Coimbra, 3000-548, Portugal; Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra, Praceta Prof. Mota Pinto, Coimbra, 3004-561, Portugal; University of Coimbra, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Pólo III - Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Coimbra, 3000-548, Portugal; University of Coimbra, Faculty of Pharmacy, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Pólo III - Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Coimbra, 3000-548, Portugal.
| | - Ana M Abrantes
- University of Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR) area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Biophysics Institute of Faculty of Medicine, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Pólo III - Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Coimbra, 3000-548, Portugal; Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra, Praceta Prof. Mota Pinto, Coimbra, 3004-561, Portugal; University of Coimbra, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Pólo III - Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Coimbra, 3000-548, Portugal.
| | - Cristina Gonçalves
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra, Praceta Prof. Mota Pinto, Coimbra, 3004-561, Portugal; University of Coimbra, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Pólo III - Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Coimbra, 3000-548, Portugal; University of Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR) area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Laboratory of Oncobiology and Hematology and University Clinic of Hematology of Faculty of Medicine, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Pólo III - Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Coimbra, 3000-548, Portugal.
| | - Tiago Rodrigues
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra, Praceta Prof. Mota Pinto, Coimbra, 3004-561, Portugal; University of Coimbra, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Pólo III - Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Coimbra, 3000-548, Portugal; University of Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Laboratory of Physiology of Faculty of Medicine, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Pólo III - Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Coimbra, 3000-548, Portugal.
| | - Paulo Matafome
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra, Praceta Prof. Mota Pinto, Coimbra, 3004-561, Portugal; University of Coimbra, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Pólo III - Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Coimbra, 3000-548, Portugal; University of Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Laboratory of Physiology of Faculty of Medicine, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Pólo III - Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Coimbra, 3000-548, Portugal.
| | - Maria F Botelho
- University of Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR) area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Biophysics Institute of Faculty of Medicine, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Pólo III - Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Coimbra, 3000-548, Portugal; Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra, Praceta Prof. Mota Pinto, Coimbra, 3004-561, Portugal; University of Coimbra, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Pólo III - Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Coimbra, 3000-548, Portugal.
| | - Fernanda M F Roleira
- University of Coimbra, CIEPQPF, FFUC, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Pólo III - Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Coimbra, 3000-548, Portugal.
| | - Elisiário Tavares-da-Silva
- University of Coimbra, CIEPQPF, FFUC, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Pólo III - Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Coimbra, 3000-548, Portugal.
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140
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Zeng J, Zhao Y, Li K, Long D, Li W, Liang L. A coordinated ruthenium-rifampicin complex reprogramming the colon carcinoma micro-environment mediated by modulation of p53/AkT/mTOR/VEGF pathway. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 426:115618. [PMID: 34126112 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
WHO suggests that colon cancer incidences are rising steadily, propelling researchers to search for novel chemotherapeutic options. Metal-based chemotherapy is a potential forte to explore ruthenium-based complexes, exhibiting the capability to influence a variety of cellular targets. We discovered the chemotherapeutic effects of ruthenium-rifampicin complex on HT-29 and HCT-116 human colorectal cell lines and on a chemically developed murine colorectal cancer model. Complex was synthesized and characterized by analytical techniques and evaluation of antioxidant potential along with DNA binding capabilities. The complex minimizes cellular propagation and initiates apoptotic events in the colon cancer cell lines of HT-29 and HCT-116. The results of the in vivo study suggest that the complex has been successful in minimizing the wide spectrum of aberrant crypt foci and hyperplastic lesions, as well as encouraging elevated amounts of CAT, SOD and glutathione. Along with that, p53 could be modulated by the ruthenium-rifampicin complex to interfere with apoptosis in colon carcinoma, initiated by the intrinsic apoptotic trail facilitated through Bcl2 and Bax, thus controlling the Akt/mTOR/VEGF pathway coupled through the WNT/β-catenin trail. Ruthenium-rifampicin chemotherapy could interrupt, retract or interrupt the progression of colorectal cancer through modifying intrinsic apoptosis including the antiangiogenic pathway, thereby achieving the function of a potential contender in chemotherapy in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zeng
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan ProvinciA People's Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan ProvinciA People's Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
| | - Kexun Li
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan ProvinciA People's Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
| | - Daoling Long
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan ProvinciA People's Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan ProvinciA People's Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China.
| | - Liang Liang
- Department of Cancer Center, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China.
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D'Arcy MS, Pike CVS, Coussons PJ. A novel combined resveratrol/berberine phytochemotheraputic using the HePG2 cell line as a model for the treatment of hepatocarcinoma. Cell Biol Int 2021; 45:2499-2509. [PMID: 34460138 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The results presented herein show that at clinically relevant concentrations (0-30 µM), the well-tolerated phytochemical berberine (BER) induces cell death in cultured human hepatocarcinoma (HepG2) cells as a model for liver cancer, primarily via apoptosis. Similar, relatively low-concentration single treatments using the structurally related phytochemical resveratrol (RSV), had little or no effect on cell viability but inhibited the cell cycle, while simultaneously increasing the strength of cellular adhesion. When used in combination, an RSV/BER cotreatment appeared to retain the ability of a single RSV treatment to increase cellular adhesion, but also induced a massive loss in hepatocarcinoma cellular viability, inducing cell death in more than 90% of cells. This model, therefore, suggests that it may be possible to use RSV to stabilise hepatocarcinomas against metastasis while using cotreatment with BER to simultaneously induce cell death. By measuring the changes in the activity of the pleiotropic enzyme transglutaminase 2 (TGM2), which is known to be overexpressed in hepatocarcinoma and many other tumours, we hypothesise a role for this enzyme in the activities of these two phytochemicals, and propose the potential use of this RSV/BER cotreatment as a chemotherapeutic in TGM2+ hepatocarcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark S D'Arcy
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University (ARU), Cambridge, UK
| | - Claire V S Pike
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University (ARU), Cambridge, UK
| | - Peter J Coussons
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University (ARU), Cambridge, UK
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Leão TK, Ribeiro DL, Machado ART, Costa TR, Sampaio SV, Antunes LMG. Synephrine and caffeine combination promotes cytotoxicity, DNA damage and transcriptional modulation of apoptosis-related genes in human HepG2 cells. Mutat Res Genet Toxicol Environ Mutagen 2021; 868-869:503375. [PMID: 34454690 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2021.503375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The abusive consumption of thermogenic supplements occurs worldwide and deserves special attention due to their use to stimulate weight loss and prevent obesity. Thermogenic formulations usually contain Synephrine (SN) and Caffeine (CAF), stimulating compounds extracted from natural sources, but no genetic toxicology studies have predicted this hazardous combination potential. This study examined the toxicogenomic responses induced by SN and CAF, either alone or in combination, in the human hepatic cell line HepG2 in vitro. SN (0.03-30 μM) and CAF (0.6-600 μM) alone did neither decrease cell viability nor induce DNA damage, as assessed using the MTT and comet assays, respectively. SN (3 μM) and CAF (30-600 μM) were combined at concentrations similar to those found in commercial dietary supplements. SN/CAF at 3:90 and 3:600 μM ratios significantly decreased cell viability and increased DNA damage levels in HepG2 cells. CAF (600 μM) and the SN/CAF association at 3:60, 3:90, and 3:600 μM ratios promoted cell death by apoptosis, as demonstrated by flow cytometry. Similar results were observed in gene expression (RT-qPCR): SN/CAF up-regulated the expression of apoptosis- (BCL-2 and CASP9) and DNA repair-related (XPC) genes. SN/CAF at 3:90 μM also downregulated the expression of cell cycle control (CDKN1A) genes. In conclusion, the SN/CAF combination reduces cell viability by inducing apoptosis, damages DNA, and modulates the transcriptional expression of apoptosis-, cell cycle-, and DNA repair-related genes in human hepatic (HepG2) cells in vitro. These effects can be worrisome to consumers of thermogenic supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tainá Keiller Leão
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café, s/n°, CEP: 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Diego Luís Ribeiro
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Avenida dos Bandeirantes, 3900, CEP: 14040-901, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Rita Thomazela Machado
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café, s/n°, CEP: 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tássia Rafaela Costa
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café, s/n°, CEP: 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Suely Vilela Sampaio
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café, s/n°, CEP: 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lusânia Maria Greggi Antunes
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café, s/n°, CEP: 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
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143
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Jadhav M, Sankhe K, Bhandare RR, Edis Z, Bloukh SH, Khan TA. Synthetic Strategies of Pyrimidine-Based Scaffolds as Aurora Kinase and Polo-like Kinase Inhibitors. Molecules 2021; 26:5170. [PMID: 34500603 PMCID: PMC8434097 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The past few decades have witnessed significant progress in anticancer drug discovery. Small molecules containing heterocyclic moieties have attracted considerable interest for designing new antitumor agents. Of these, the pyrimidine ring system is found in multitude of drug structures, and being the building unit of DNA and RNA makes it an attractive scaffold for the design and development of anticancer drugs. Currently, 22 pyrimidine-containing entities are approved for clinical use as anticancer drugs by the FDA. An exhaustive literature search indicates several publications and more than 59 patents from the year 2009 onwards on pyrimidine derivatives exhibiting potent antiproliferative activity. These pyrimidine derivatives exert their activity via diverse mechanisms, one of them being inhibition of protein kinases. Aurora kinase (AURK) and polo-like kinase (PLK) are protein kinases involved in the regulation of the cell cycle. Within the numerous pyrimidine-based small molecules developed as anticancer agents, this review focuses on the pyrimidine fused heterocyclic compounds modulating the AURK and PLK proteins in different phases of clinical trials as anticancer agents. This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of synthetic strategies for the preparation of pyrimidine derivatives and their associated biological activity on AURK/PLK. It will also present an overview of the synthesis of the heterocyclic-2-aminopyrimidine, 4-aminopyrimidine and 2,4-diaminopyrimidine scaffolds, and one of the pharmacophores in AURK/PLK inhibitors is described systematically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrunal Jadhav
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Quality Assurance, SVKM’s Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai 400056, India; (M.J.); (K.S.)
| | - Kaksha Sankhe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Quality Assurance, SVKM’s Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai 400056, India; (M.J.); (K.S.)
| | - Richie R. Bhandare
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates;
- Center of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Zehra Edis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates;
- Center of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Samir Haj Bloukh
- Center of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates;
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates
| | - Tabassum Asif Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Quality Assurance, SVKM’s Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai 400056, India; (M.J.); (K.S.)
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144
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Kim HJ, Jin BR, An HJ. Umbelliferone Ameliorates Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia by Inhibiting Cell Proliferation and G1/S Phase Cell Cycle Progression through Regulation of STAT3/E2F1 Axis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9019. [PMID: 34445725 PMCID: PMC8396462 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22169019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Umbelliferone (UMB), also known as 7-hydroxycoumarin, is a derivative of coumarin, which is widely found in many plants such as carrots, coriander, and garden angelica. Although many studies have already revealed the various pharmacological properties of UMB, its effect on benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) remains unclear. Therefore, the present study aimed to elucidate the underlying mechanism of the anti-proliferative effect of UMB in a human benign prostatic hyperplasia cell line (BPH-1), as well as its ameliorative effect on BPH in testosterone propionate (TP)-induced rats. The results showed that UMB exerts an anti-proliferative effect in BPH-1 cells by modulating the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3)/E2F transcription factor 1 (E2F1) axis. UMB treatment not only inhibited androgen/androgen receptor (AR) signaling-related markers, but also downregulated the overexpression of G1/S phase cell cycle-related markers. In TP-induced rats, UMB administration demonstrated an anti-BPH effect by significantly reducing prostate size, weight, and epithelial thickness. In addition, UMB suppressed cell proliferation by reducing the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and p-STAT3 (Tyr 705) in prostate tissue following TP injection. These findings suggest that UMB has pharmacological effects against BPH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hyo-Jin An
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Sang-ji University, Wonju-si 26339, Korea; (H.-J.K.); (B.-R.J.)
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145
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Rodrigues JM, Calhelha RC, Nogueira A, Ferreira ICFR, Barros L, Queiroz MJRP. Synthesis of Novel Methyl 7-[(Hetero)arylamino]thieno[2,3- b]pyrazine-6-carboxylates and Antitumor Activity Evaluation: Effects in Human Tumor Cells Growth, Cell Cycle Analysis, Apoptosis and Toxicity in Non-Tumor Cells. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26164823. [PMID: 34443411 PMCID: PMC8400120 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Several novel methyl 7-[(hetero)arylamino]thieno[2,3-b]pyrazine-6-carboxylates were synthesized by Pd-catalyzed C–N Buchwald–Hartwig cross-coupling of either methyl 7-aminothieno[3,2-b]pyrazine-6-carboxylate with (hetero)arylhalides or 7-bromothieno[2,3-b]pyrazine-6-carboxylate with (hetero)arylamines in good-to-excellent yields (50% quantitative yield), using different reaction conditions, namely ligands and solvents, due to the different electronic character of the substrates. The antitumoral potential of these compounds was evaluated in four human tumor cell lines: gastric adenocarcinoma (AGS), colorectal adenocarcinoma (CaCo-2), breast carcinoma (MCF7), and non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NCI-H460) using the SRB assay, and it was possible to establish some structure–activity relationships. Furthermore, they did not show relevant toxicity against a non-tumor cell line culture from the African green monkey kidney (Vero). The most promising compounds (GI50 ≤ 11 µM), showed some selectivity either against AGS or CaCo-2 cell lines without toxicity at their GI50 values. The effects of the methoxylated compounds 2b (2-OMeC6H4), 2f and 2g (3,4- or 3,5-diOMeC6H3, respectively) on the cell cycle profile and induction of apoptosis were further studied in the AGS cell line. Nevertheless, even for the most active (GI50 = 7.8 µM) and selective compound (2g) against this cell line, it was observed that a huge number of dead cells gave rise to an atypical distribution on the cell cycle profile and that these cells were not apoptotic, which points to a different mechanism of action for the AGS cell growth inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana M. Rodrigues
- Centro de Química, Universidade do Minho (CQUM), Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal;
| | - Ricardo C. Calhelha
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (R.C.C.); (A.N.); (I.C.F.R.F.); (L.B.)
| | - António Nogueira
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (R.C.C.); (A.N.); (I.C.F.R.F.); (L.B.)
| | - Isabel C. F. R. Ferreira
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (R.C.C.); (A.N.); (I.C.F.R.F.); (L.B.)
| | - Lillian Barros
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (R.C.C.); (A.N.); (I.C.F.R.F.); (L.B.)
| | - Maria-João R. P. Queiroz
- Centro de Química, Universidade do Minho (CQUM), Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal;
- Correspondence:
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146
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Ahmadi SE, Rahimi S, Zarandi B, Chegeni R, Safa M. MYC: a multipurpose oncogene with prognostic and therapeutic implications in blood malignancies. J Hematol Oncol 2021; 14:121. [PMID: 34372899 PMCID: PMC8351444 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-021-01111-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
MYC oncogene is a transcription factor with a wide array of functions affecting cellular activities such as cell cycle, apoptosis, DNA damage response, and hematopoiesis. Due to the multi-functionality of MYC, its expression is regulated at multiple levels. Deregulation of this oncogene can give rise to a variety of cancers. In this review, MYC regulation and the mechanisms by which MYC adjusts cellular functions and its implication in hematologic malignancies are summarized. Further, we also discuss potential inhibitors of MYC that could be beneficial for treating hematologic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Esmaeil Ahmadi
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira Rahimi
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahman Zarandi
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rouzbeh Chegeni
- Medical Laboratory Sciences Program, College of Health and Human Sciences, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA.
| | - Majid Safa
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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147
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Hałasa M, Łuszczki JJ, Dmoszyńska-Graniczka M, Baran M, Okoń E, Stepulak A, Wawruszak A. Antagonistic Interaction between Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor: Cambinol and Cisplatin-An Isobolographic Analysis in Breast Cancer In Vitro Models. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168573. [PMID: 34445277 PMCID: PMC8395248 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the leading cause of death in women all over the world. Currently, combined chemotherapy with two or more agents is considered a promising anti-cancer tool to achieve better therapeutic response and to reduce therapy-related side effects. In our study, we demonstrated an antagonistic effect of cytostatic agent-cisplatin (CDDP) and histone deacetylase inhibitor: cambinol (CAM) for breast cancer cell lines with different phenotypes: estrogen receptor positive (MCF7, T47D) and triple negative (MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-468). The type of pharmacological interaction was assessed by an isobolographic analysis. Our results showed that both agents used separately induced cell apoptosis; however, applying them in combination ameliorated antiproliferative effect for all BC cell lines indicating antagonistic interaction. Cell cycle analysis showed that CAM abolished cell cycle arrest in S phase, which was induced by CDDP. Additionally, CAM increased cell proliferation compared to CDDP used alone. Our data indicate that CAM and CDDP used in combination produce antagonistic interaction, which could inhibit anti-cancer treatment efficacy, showing importance of preclinical testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Hałasa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1 Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (M.H.); (M.D.-G.); (M.B.); (E.O.); (A.S.)
| | - Jarogniew J. Łuszczki
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University, Jaczewskiego 8 Street, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Magdalena Dmoszyńska-Graniczka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1 Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (M.H.); (M.D.-G.); (M.B.); (E.O.); (A.S.)
| | - Marzena Baran
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1 Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (M.H.); (M.D.-G.); (M.B.); (E.O.); (A.S.)
| | - Estera Okoń
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1 Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (M.H.); (M.D.-G.); (M.B.); (E.O.); (A.S.)
| | - Andrzej Stepulak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1 Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (M.H.); (M.D.-G.); (M.B.); (E.O.); (A.S.)
| | - Anna Wawruszak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1 Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (M.H.); (M.D.-G.); (M.B.); (E.O.); (A.S.)
- Correspondence:
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148
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Trybus W, Król T, Trybus E, Stachurska A. Physcion Induces Potential Anticancer Effects in Cervical Cancer Cells. Cells 2021; 10:cells10082029. [PMID: 34440797 PMCID: PMC8392222 DOI: 10.3390/cells10082029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The extent of morphological and ultrastructural changes in HeLa cells was assessed by optical, fluorescence and electron microscopy after exposure to various concentrations of physcion, taking into account the biological properties of the test compound. METHODS Cell viability was assessed by MTT assay, while the cell cycle, LC3 expression, apoptosis, change of mitochondrial potential, Bcl-2 protein expression level and the level of reactive oxygen species were analyzed by flow cytometry. RESULTS As a result of physcion encumbrance, concentration-dependent inhibition of HeLa cell viability and the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle was observed. Activation of the lysosomal system was also revealed, which was expressed by an increased number of lysosomes, autophage vacuoles and increased expression of the LC3 protein, a marker of the autophagy process. Transmission electron microscopy and fluorescence microscopy showed that physcion induced clear changes in cervical cancer cells, especially in the structure of the nucleus and mitochondria, which correlated with the production of reactive oxygen species by the test compound and indicated the induction of the oxidative process. At the same time, the pro-apoptotic effect of physcion was demonstrated, and this mechanism was dependent on the activation of caspases 3/7 and the reduction in Bcl-2 protein expression. CONCLUSION The obtained results indicate an antitumor mechanism of action of physcion, based on the induction of oxidative stress, autophagy and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Trybus
- Laboratory of Medical Biology, Institute of Biology, The Jan Kochanowski University, Uniwersytecka 7, 25-406 Kielce, Poland;
- Correspondence: (W.T.); (T.K.)
| | - Teodora Król
- Laboratory of Medical Biology, Institute of Biology, The Jan Kochanowski University, Uniwersytecka 7, 25-406 Kielce, Poland;
- Correspondence: (W.T.); (T.K.)
| | - Ewa Trybus
- Laboratory of Medical Biology, Institute of Biology, The Jan Kochanowski University, Uniwersytecka 7, 25-406 Kielce, Poland;
| | - Anna Stachurska
- Department of Immunohematology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland;
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149
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Palko-Łabuz A, Gliszczyńska A, Skonieczna M, Poła A, Wesołowska O, Środa-Pomianek K. Conjugation with Phospholipids as a Modification Increasing Anticancer Activity of Phenolic Acids in Metastatic Melanoma-In Vitro and In Silico Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8397. [PMID: 34445104 PMCID: PMC8395125 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenolic acids possess many beneficial biological activities, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Unfortunately, their low bioavailability restricts their potential medical uses, as it limits the concentration of phenolic acids achievable in the organism. The conjugation with phospholipids constitutes one of the most effective strategies to enhance compounds bioavailability in biological systems. In the present study, the conjugates of anisic (ANISA) and veratric acid (VA) with phosphatidylcholine (PC) were investigated. Since both ANISA and VA are inhibitors of tyrosinase, a melanocyte enzyme, the expression of which increases during tumorigenesis, anticancer potential of the conjugates was tested in several metastatic melanoma cell lines. The conjugates proved to be antiproliferative, apoptosis-inducing and cell-cycle-affecting agents, selective for cancerous cells and not affecting normal fibroblasts. The conjugates substituted by ANISA and VA, respectively, at both the sn-1 and sn-2 positions of PC, appeared the most promising, since they were effective against the vast majority of metastatic melanoma cell lines. Additionally, the conjugation of phenolic acids to PC increased their antioxidant activity. Molecular modeling was employed for the first time to estimate the features of the investigated conjugates relevant to their anticancer properties and membrane permeation. Again, the conjugates substituted by phenolic acid at both the sn-1 and sn-2 positions of PC seemed to be presumably most bioavailable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Palko-Łabuz
- Department of Biophysics and Neuroscience, Wroclaw Medical University, ul. Chalubinskiego 3a, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.P.-Ł.); (A.P.); (K.Ś.-P.)
| | - Anna Gliszczyńska
- Department of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Magdalena Skonieczna
- Department of Systems Biology and Engineering, The Silesian University of Technology, ul. Akademicka 16, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland;
- Biotechnology Centre, Silesian University of Technology, ul. Krzywoustego 8, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Andrzej Poła
- Department of Biophysics and Neuroscience, Wroclaw Medical University, ul. Chalubinskiego 3a, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.P.-Ł.); (A.P.); (K.Ś.-P.)
| | - Olga Wesołowska
- Department of Biophysics and Neuroscience, Wroclaw Medical University, ul. Chalubinskiego 3a, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.P.-Ł.); (A.P.); (K.Ś.-P.)
| | - Kamila Środa-Pomianek
- Department of Biophysics and Neuroscience, Wroclaw Medical University, ul. Chalubinskiego 3a, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.P.-Ł.); (A.P.); (K.Ś.-P.)
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Sytar O, Kotta K, Valasiadis D, Kosyan A, Brestic M, Koidou V, Papadopoulou E, Kroustalaki M, Emmanouilidou C, Pashalidis A, Avdikos I, Hilioti Z. The Effects of Photosensitizing Dyes Fagopyrin and Hypericin on Planktonic Growth and Multicellular Life in Budding Yeast. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26164708. [PMID: 34443298 PMCID: PMC8398373 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Naphthodianthrones such as fagopyrin and hypericin found mainly in buckwheat (Fagopyrum spp.) and St. John’s wort (SJW) (Hypericum perforatum L.) are natural photosensitizers inside the cell. The effect of photosensitizers was studied under dark conditions on growth, morphogenesis and induction of death in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Fagopyrin and hypericin induced a biphasic and triphasic dose response in cellular growth, respectively, over a 10-fold concentration change. In fagopyrin-treated cells, disruptions in the normal cell cycle progression were evident by microscopy. DAPI staining revealed several cells that underwent premature mitosis without budding, a striking morphological abnormality. Flow Cytometric (FC) analysis using a concentration of 100 µM showed reduced cell viability by 41% in fagopyrin-treated cells and by 15% in hypericin-treated cells. FC revealed the development of a secondary population of G1 cells in photosensitizer-treated cultures characterized by small size and dense structures. Further, we show that fagopyrin and the closely related hypericin altered the shape and the associated fluorescence of biofilm-like structures. Colonies grown on solid medium containing photosensitizer had restricted growth, while cell-to-cell adherence within the colony was also affected. In conclusion, the photosensitizers under dark conditions affected culture growth, caused toxicity, and disrupted multicellular growth, albeit with different efficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oksana Sytar
- Educational and Scientific Center “Institute of Biology and Medicine”, Department of Plant Biology, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrskya str., 64, 01033 Kyiv, Ukraine; (O.S.); (A.K.)
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, A. Hlinku 2, 949 01 Nitra, Slovakia;
| | - Konstantia Kotta
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, Centre for Research & Technology Hellas, 6th km Charilaou-Thermi Road, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece; (K.K.); (D.V.); (V.K.); (E.P.); (M.K.); (C.E.); (A.P.); (I.A.)
| | - Dimitrios Valasiadis
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, Centre for Research & Technology Hellas, 6th km Charilaou-Thermi Road, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece; (K.K.); (D.V.); (V.K.); (E.P.); (M.K.); (C.E.); (A.P.); (I.A.)
| | - Anatoliy Kosyan
- Educational and Scientific Center “Institute of Biology and Medicine”, Department of Plant Biology, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrskya str., 64, 01033 Kyiv, Ukraine; (O.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Marian Brestic
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, A. Hlinku 2, 949 01 Nitra, Slovakia;
| | - Venetia Koidou
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, Centre for Research & Technology Hellas, 6th km Charilaou-Thermi Road, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece; (K.K.); (D.V.); (V.K.); (E.P.); (M.K.); (C.E.); (A.P.); (I.A.)
| | - Eleftheria Papadopoulou
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, Centre for Research & Technology Hellas, 6th km Charilaou-Thermi Road, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece; (K.K.); (D.V.); (V.K.); (E.P.); (M.K.); (C.E.); (A.P.); (I.A.)
| | - Maria Kroustalaki
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, Centre for Research & Technology Hellas, 6th km Charilaou-Thermi Road, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece; (K.K.); (D.V.); (V.K.); (E.P.); (M.K.); (C.E.); (A.P.); (I.A.)
| | - Christina Emmanouilidou
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, Centre for Research & Technology Hellas, 6th km Charilaou-Thermi Road, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece; (K.K.); (D.V.); (V.K.); (E.P.); (M.K.); (C.E.); (A.P.); (I.A.)
| | - Alexandros Pashalidis
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, Centre for Research & Technology Hellas, 6th km Charilaou-Thermi Road, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece; (K.K.); (D.V.); (V.K.); (E.P.); (M.K.); (C.E.); (A.P.); (I.A.)
| | - Ilias Avdikos
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, Centre for Research & Technology Hellas, 6th km Charilaou-Thermi Road, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece; (K.K.); (D.V.); (V.K.); (E.P.); (M.K.); (C.E.); (A.P.); (I.A.)
| | - Zoe Hilioti
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, Centre for Research & Technology Hellas, 6th km Charilaou-Thermi Road, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece; (K.K.); (D.V.); (V.K.); (E.P.); (M.K.); (C.E.); (A.P.); (I.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-23-1049-8273
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