101
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Dear K, Grayson L, Nixon R. Potential methanol toxicity and the importance of using a standardised alcohol-based hand rub formulation in the era of COVID-19. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2020; 9:129. [PMID: 32771064 PMCID: PMC7414286 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-020-00788-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Hand sanitisers are urgently needed in the time of COVID-19, and as a result of shortages, some people have resorted to making their own formulations, including the repurposing of distilleries. We wish to highlight the importance of those producing hand sanitisers to avoid methylated spirits containing methanol and to follow WHO recommended formulations. METHODS We explore and discuss reports of methanol toxicity through ingestion and transdermal absorption. We discuss the WHO formulations and explain the rationale behind the chosen ingredients. SHORT CONCLUSION We advise those producing hand sanitisers to follow WHO recommended formulations, and advise those producing hand sanitisers using methylated spirits, to avoid formulations which contain methanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Dear
- Occupational Dermatology Research and Education Centre, Skin Health Institute, Level 1/80 Drummond Street, Melbourne, Australia
| | - L Grayson
- University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - R Nixon
- Occupational Dermatology Research and Education Centre, Skin Health Institute, Level 1/80 Drummond Street, Melbourne, Australia.
- Australia and University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
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102
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepehr Talebian
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, AIIM Facility, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
- Apiam Animal Health Pty Ltd, East Bendigo, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gordon G Wallace
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, AIIM Facility, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Avi Schroeder
- Laboratory for Targeted Drug Delivery and Personalized Medicine Technologies, Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
| | - Francesco Stellacci
- Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Interfaculty Bioengineering Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - João Conde
- NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
- Centre for Toxicogenomics and Human Health (ToxOmics), Genetics, Oncology and Human Toxicology, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
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103
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Harris CA, Evans HL, Telem DA. A Practical Decontamination Framework for COVID-19 Front-line Workers Returning Home. Ann Surg 2020; 272:e129-e131. [PMID: 32675515 PMCID: PMC7268836 DOI: 10.1097/sla.0000000000003990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea A Harris
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore Maryland
| | - Heather L Evans
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Dana A Telem
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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104
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Zhou R, Xu Z, Zhu J, Liu W, Meng Y, Zhu P, Zhou W, Huang C, Ding X. Determination of 10 Haloacetamides in drinking water by gas chromatography with automated solid phase extraction. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2020; 1150:122191. [PMID: 32485650 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.122191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Drinking water disinfection may result in the formation of different classes of toxic disinfection by-products (DBPs). Haloacetamides (HAcAms) are an emerging class of nitrogenous DBPs (N-DBPs), which are generally more prevalent at lower concentrations in disinfected water than carbonaceous DBPs. Herein a fast, convenient, and effective method of analyzing 10 HAcAms in drinking water samples was demonstrated. This method was developed using gas chromatography /electron capture detection (GC/ECD) supplemented with automated solid phase extraction (auto-SPE). The variables for automated SPE procedures were further optimized, including the selection of SPE sorbents, types and volumes of extraction solvents, SPE washing solvents and wash times. Under optimized conditions, the instrumental linearity range was 0.5-150 μg L-1 with correlation coefficients>0.9975. The limits of detection and quantification of this method were 0.002-0.003 μg L-1 and 0.005-0.010 μg L-1, respectively. The recovery values ranged from 72.4% to 108.5%, and the relative standard deviations ranged from 3.3% to 9.1%. Therefore, the auto-SPE-GC-ECD method showed acceptable linearity and repeatability and was subsequently validated and applied to analyze 10 HAcAms in drinking water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run Zhou
- Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi 214023, China; Research Base for Environment and Health in Wuxi, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi 214023, China
| | - Zhifei Xu
- Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi 214023, China; Research Base for Environment and Health in Wuxi, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi 214023, China
| | - Jingying Zhu
- Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi 214023, China; Research Base for Environment and Health in Wuxi, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi 214023, China
| | - Wenwei Liu
- Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi 214023, China; Research Base for Environment and Health in Wuxi, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi 214023, China
| | - Yuanhua Meng
- Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi 214023, China; Research Base for Environment and Health in Wuxi, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi 214023, China; Public Health Research Center at Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Pengfei Zhu
- Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi 214023, China; Research Base for Environment and Health in Wuxi, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi 214023, China
| | - Weijie Zhou
- Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi 214023, China; Research Base for Environment and Health in Wuxi, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi 214023, China
| | - Chunhua Huang
- Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi 214023, China; Research Base for Environment and Health in Wuxi, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi 214023, China
| | - Xinliang Ding
- Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi 214023, China; Research Base for Environment and Health in Wuxi, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi 214023, China.
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105
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Aasi A, Aghaei SM, Moore MD, Panchapakesan B. Pt-, Rh-, Ru-, and Cu-Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes Are Exceptional Candidates for Design of Anti-Viral Surfaces: A Theoretical Study. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5211. [PMID: 32717853 PMCID: PMC7432269 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
As SARS-CoV-2 is spreading rapidly around the globe, adopting proper actions for confronting and protecting against this virus is an essential and unmet task. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) promoting molecules such as peroxides are detrimental to many viruses, including coronaviruses. In this paper, metal decorated single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) were evaluated for hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) adsorption for potential use for designing viral inactivation surfaces. We employed first-principles methods based on the density functional theory (DFT) to investigate the capture of an individual H2O2 molecule on pristine and metal (Pt, Pd, Ni, Cu, Rh, or Ru) decorated SWCNTs. Although the single H2O2 molecule is weakly physisorbed on pristine SWCNT, a significant improvement on its adsorption energy was found by utilizing metal functionalized SWCNT as the adsorbent. It was revealed that Rh-SWCNT and Ru-SWCNT systems demonstrate outstanding performance for H2O2 adsorption. Furthermore, we discovered through calculations that Pt- and Cu-decorated SWNCT-H2O2 systems show high potential for filters for virus removal and inactivation with a very long shelf-life (2.2 × 1012 and 1.9 × 108 years, respectively). The strong adsorption of metal decorated SWCNTs and the long shelf-life of these nanomaterials suggest they are exceptional candidates for designing personal protection equipment against viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aref Aasi
- Small Systems Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609, USA; (A.A.); (S.M.A.)
| | - Sadegh M Aghaei
- Small Systems Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609, USA; (A.A.); (S.M.A.)
| | - Matthew D. Moore
- Applied and Environmental Virology Laboratory, Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA;
| | - Balaji Panchapakesan
- Applied and Environmental Virology Laboratory, Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA;
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106
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Ateia M, Kanan A, Karanfil T. Microplastics release precursors of chlorinated and brominated disinfection byproducts in water. Chemosphere 2020; 251:126452. [PMID: 32443227 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) are prevalent global pollutants that are being detected in aquatic ecosystems and drinking water sources around the world. In addition to plastic polymers, MPs contain various chemical substances (known as "additives") that can leach and risk water quality. In this paper, we investigated for the first time the potential release of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) precursors when MPs are exposed to hydrolysis and/or degradation by simulated sunlight. Seventeen MPs with seven different polymer types were collected either as commercial products (e.g. drinking water bottles, shopping bags, recycled plastics, etc.) or pure/virgin polymers. Results showed high release of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from five MP samples and a significant increase in bromide concentrations from four MPs. DBPs formation potential (DBPFP) experiments with MPs' leachates showed higher concentrations of chlorinated trihalomethanes (THMs), haloacetonitriles (HANs), and total organic halogens (TOX) in three samples, while a significant shift to brominated DBPs was observed in samples containing bromide. Extending the leaching experiments to four consecutive cycles showed that the leaching of DOC and DBPs' precursor significantly decreased after the second leaching cycle. Further analysis revealed that the reactivity of the leached DOC - indicated by THMFP yields - was comparable to those of several raw waters that supply drinking water treatment plants. The leached THMs and TOX from MPs that were exposed to UVA irradiation were in general higher than MPs that were run under dark conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Ateia
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Science, Clemson University, SC, USA; Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, United States.
| | - Amer Kanan
- Department of Environment and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Al-Quds University, Palestine
| | - Tanju Karanfil
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Science, Clemson University, SC, USA.
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107
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Berardi A, Perinelli DR, Merchant HA, Bisharat L, Basheti IA, Bonacucina G, Cespi M, Palmieri GF. Hand sanitisers amid CoViD-19: A critical review of alcohol-based products on the market and formulation approaches to respond to increasing demand. Int J Pharm 2020; 584:119431. [PMID: 32461194 PMCID: PMC7229736 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The world is facing a medical crisis amid the CoViD-19 pandemic and the role of adequate hygiene and hand sanitisers is inevitable in controlling the spread of infection in public places and healthcare institutions. There has been a great surge in demand for hand sanitisation products leading to shortages in their supply. A consequent increase of substandard products in the market has raised safety concerns. This article, therefore, presents a critical review of hand sanitation approaches and products available on the market in light of the scientific evidence available to date. This review also provides a range of hand sanitisation product formulations, and manufacturing instructions to allow for extemporaneous preparations at the community and hospital pharmacies during this urgent crisis. In addition, this emergent situation is expected to continue, hence hand sanitisers will be in demand for an extended time, and the availability and purchase of substandard products on the market create an ongoing safety concern. Therefore, this article shall also provide various commercial organisations, interested in stepping forward the production and marketing of hand sanitisers, with a guide on the development of products of standardised ingredients and formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Berardi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931, Jordan
| | - Diego R Perinelli
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Hamid A Merchant
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, United Kingdom
| | - Lorina Bisharat
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Iman A Basheti
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931, Jordan
| | - Giulia Bonacucina
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Marco Cespi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy.
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108
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Sfynia C, Bond T, Kanda R, Templeton MR. The formation of disinfection by-products from the chlorination and chloramination of amides. Chemosphere 2020; 248:125940. [PMID: 32006828 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.125940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the potential of six aliphatic and aromatic amides, commonly found in natural waters or used as chemical aids in water treatment, to act as organic precursors for nine haloacetamides (HAcAms), five haloacetonitriles (HANs), regulated trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs) upon chlorination and chloramination. The impact of key experimental conditions, representative of drinking water, including pH (7 & 8), retention time (4 & 24 h) and bromide levels (0 & 100 μg/L), on the generation of the target DBPs was investigated. The highest aggregate DBP yields upon chlor(am)ination were reported for the aromatic and hydrophobic hydroxybenzamide; 2.7% ± 0.1% M/M (chlorination) and 1.7% M/M (chloramination). Increased reactivity was observed in aliphatic and hydrophilic compounds, acrylamide (2.5 ± 0.2% M/M) and acetamide (1.3 ± 0.2% M/M), in chlorination and chloramination, respectively. The addition of bromide increased average DBP yields by 50-70%. Relative to chlorination, the application of chloramines reduced DBP formation by 66.5% (without Br-) and by 46.4% (with Br-). However, bromine incorporation in HAAs and HAcAms was enhanced following chloramination, of concern due to the higher toxicological potency of brominated compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrysoula Sfynia
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK; Water Science Institute, Cranfield University, Bedfordshire, MK43 0AL, UK.
| | - Tom Bond
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Rakesh Kanda
- Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Michael R Templeton
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
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109
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Lin H, Dai Q, Zheng L, Hong H, Deng W, Wu F. Radial basis function artificial neural network able to accurately predict disinfection by-product levels in tap water: Taking haloacetic acids as a case study. Chemosphere 2020; 248:125999. [PMID: 32006834 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.125999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Control of risks caused by disinfection by-products (DBPs) requires pre-knowledge of their levels in drinking water. In this study, a radial basis function (RBF) artificial neural network (ANN) was proposed to predict the concentrations of haloacetic acids (HAAs, one dominant class of DBPs) in actual distribution systems. To train and verify the RBF ANN, a total of 64 samples taken from a typical region (Jinhua region) in China were characterized in terms of water characteristics (dissolved organic carbon (DOC), ultraviolet absorbance at 254 nm (UVA254), NO2--N level, NH4+-N level, Br- and pH), temperature and the prevalent HAAs concentrations. Compared with multiple linear/log linear regression (MLR) models, predictions done by RBF ANNs showed rather higher regression coefficients and accuracies, indicating the high capability of RBF ANNs to depict complicated and non-linear relationships between HAAs formation and various factors. Meanwhile, it was found that, predictions of HAAs formation done by RBF ANNs were efficient and allowed to further improve the prediction accuracy. This is the first study to systematically explore feasibility of RBF ANNs in prediction of DBPs. Accurate predictions by RBF ANNs provided great potential application of DBPs monitoring in actual distribution system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjun Lin
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Qunyun Dai
- Jinhua Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Jinhua, 321000, PR China
| | - Lili Zheng
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Huachang Hong
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China.
| | - Wenjing Deng
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, N.T, Hong Kong.
| | - Fuyong Wu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, PR China
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110
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Doster E, Lakin SM, Dean CJ, Wolfe C, Young JG, Boucher C, Belk KE, Noyes NR, Morley PS. MEGARes 2.0: a database for classification of antimicrobial drug, biocide and metal resistance determinants in metagenomic sequence data. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:D561-D569. [PMID: 31722416 PMCID: PMC7145535 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz1010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a threat to global public health and the identification of genetic determinants of AMR is a critical component to epidemiological investigations. High-throughput sequencing (HTS) provides opportunities for investigation of AMR across all microbial genomes in a sample (i.e. the metagenome). Previously, we presented MEGARes, a hand-curated AMR database and annotation structure developed to facilitate the analysis of AMR within metagenomic samples (i.e. the resistome). Along with MEGARes, we released AmrPlusPlus, a bioinformatics pipeline that interfaces with MEGARes to identify and quantify AMR gene accessions contained within a metagenomic sequence dataset. Here, we present MEGARes 2.0 (https://megares.meglab.org), which incorporates previously published resistance sequences for antimicrobial drugs, while also expanding to include published sequences for metal and biocide resistance determinants. In MEGARes 2.0, the nodes of the acyclic hierarchical ontology include four antimicrobial compound types, 57 classes, 220 mechanisms of resistance, and 1,345 gene groups that classify the 7,868 accessions. In addition, we present an updated version of AmrPlusPlus (AMR ++ version 2.0), which improves accuracy of classifications, as well as expanding scalability and usability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Doster
- Veterinary Education, Research, and Outreach (VERO) Program, Texas A&M University and West Texas A&M University, Canyon, TX 79016, USA
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55455, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Steven M Lakin
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Christopher J Dean
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55455, USA
| | - Cory Wolfe
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Jared G Young
- Veterinary Education, Research, and Outreach (VERO) Program, Texas A&M University and West Texas A&M University, Canyon, TX 79016, USA
| | - Christina Boucher
- Department of Computer and Information Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Keith E Belk
- Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Noelle R Noyes
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55455, USA
| | - Paul S Morley
- Veterinary Education, Research, and Outreach (VERO) Program, Texas A&M University and West Texas A&M University, Canyon, TX 79016, USA
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +1 970 219 6089;
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111
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Lara HH, Ixtepan-Turrent L, Yacaman MJ, Lopez-Ribot J. Inhibition of Candida auris Biofilm Formation on Medical and Environmental Surfaces by Silver Nanoparticles. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:21183-21191. [PMID: 31944650 PMCID: PMC8243355 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b20708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Candida auris is an emerging pathogenic fungus implicated in healthcare-associated outbreaks and causes bloodstream infections associated with high mortality rates. Biofilm formation represents one of the major pathogenetic traits associated with this microorganism. Unlike most other Candida species, C. auris has the ability to survive for weeks on different surfaces. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop new effective control strategies to combat the threat of C. auris. Advances in nanotechnologies have emerged that carry significant potential impact against Candida biofilms. We obtained pure round silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) (1 to 3 nm in diameter) using a microwave-assisted synthetic approach. When tested against C. auris, our results indicated a potent inhibitory activity both on biofilm formation (half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 0.06 ppm) and against preformed biofilms (IC50 of 0.48 ppm). Scanning electron microscopy images of AgNP-treated biofilms showed cell wall damage mostly by disruption and distortion of the outer surface of the fungal cell wall. In subsequent experiments AgNPs were used to functionalize medical and environmental surfaces. Silicone elastomers functionalized with AgNPs demonstrated biofilm inhibition (>50%) at relatively low concentrations (2.3 to 0.28 ppm). Bandage dressings loaded with AgNPs inhibited growth of C. auris biofilms by more than 80% (2.3 to 0.017 ppm). Also, to demonstrate long-lasting protection, dressings loaded with AgNPs (0.036 ppm) were washed thoroughly with phosphate-buffered saline, maintaining protection against the C. auris growth from cycles 1 to 3 (>80% inhibition) and from cycles 4 to 6 (>50% inhibition). Our results demonstrate the dose-dependent activity of AgNPs against biofilms formed by C. auris on both medical (silicone elastomer) and environmental (bandage fibers) surfaces. The AgNPs-functionalized fibers retain the fungicidal effect even after repeated thorough washes. Overall these results point to the utility of silver nanoparticles to prevent and control infections caused by this emerging pathogenic fungus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humberto H. Lara
- Department of Biology and South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases
| | - Liliana Ixtepan-Turrent
- Departamento de Ciencias Basicas, Division de Ciencia de la Salud, Universidad de Monterrey, San Pedro Garza García, Nuevo León 66238, México
| | - Miguel Jose Yacaman
- Department of Applied Physics and Materials Science, Northern Arizona University, 700 South Osborne Drive, Flagstaff, Arizona 86011, United States
| | - Jose Lopez-Ribot
- Department of Biology and South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases
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112
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Krumm C, Trump S, Benski L, Wilken J, Oberhaus F, Köller M, Tiller JC. Fast-Acting Antibacterial, Self-Deactivating Polyionene Esters. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:21201-21209. [PMID: 31916737 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b19313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Biocidal compounds that quickly kill bacterial cells and are then deactivated in the surrounding without causing environmental problems are of great current interest. Here, we present new biodegradable antibacterial polymers based on polyionenes with inserted ester functions (PBI esters). The polymers are prepared by polycondensation reaction of 1,4-dibromobutene and different tertiary diaminodiesters. The resulting PBI esters are antibacterially active against a wide range of bacterial strains and were found to quickly kill these cells within 1 to 10 min. Because of hydrolysis of the ester groups, the PBI esters are degraded and deactivated in aqueous media. The degradation rate depends on the backbone structure and the pH. The structure of the polymers also controls the deactivation mechanism. While the more hydrophilic polymers require hydrolyses of only 19 to 30% of the ester groups to become practically inactive, the more hydrophobic PBI esters require up to 85% hydrolysis to achieve the same result. Thus, depending on the environmental conditions and the chemical nature, the PBI esters can be active for only 20 min or for at least one week.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Krumm
- BG Universitätsklinikum Bergmannsheil/Surgical Research, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - Sylvia Trump
- BG Universitätsklinikum Bergmannsheil/Surgical Research, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - Lena Benski
- Chair of Biomaterials and Polymer Science, Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, TU Dortmund, Emil-Figge-Str. 66, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Jens Wilken
- BG Universitätsklinikum Bergmannsheil/Surgical Research, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - Franziska Oberhaus
- Chair of Biomaterials and Polymer Science, Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, TU Dortmund, Emil-Figge-Str. 66, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Manfred Köller
- BG Universitätsklinikum Bergmannsheil/Surgical Research, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - Joerg C Tiller
- Chair of Biomaterials and Polymer Science, Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, TU Dortmund, Emil-Figge-Str. 66, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
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Liu S, Zheng J, Hao L, Yegin Y, Bae M, Ulugun B, Taylor TM, Scholar EA, Cisneros-Zevallos L, Oh JK, Akbulut M. Dual-Functional, Superhydrophobic Coatings with Bacterial Anticontact and Antimicrobial Characteristics. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:21311-21321. [PMID: 32023023 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b18928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial pathogens are responsible for millions of cases of illnesses and deaths each year throughout the world. The development of novel surfaces and coatings that effectively inhibit and prevent bacterial attachment, proliferation, and growth is one of the crucial steps for tackling this global challenge. Herein, we report a dual-functional coating for aluminum surfaces that relies on the controlled immobilization of lysozyme enzyme (muramidase) into interstitial spaces of presintered, nanostructured thin film based on ∼200 nm silica nanoparticles and the sequential chemisorption of an organofluorosilane to the available interfacial areas. The mean diameter of the resultant lysozyme microdomains was 3.1 ± 2.5 μm with an average spacing of 8.01 ± 6.8 μm, leading to a surface coverage of 15.32%. The coating had an overall root-mean-square (rms) roughness of 539 ± 137 nm and roughness factor of 1.50 ± 0.1, and demonstrated static, advancing, and receding water contact angles of 159.0 ± 1.0°, 155.4 ± 0.6°, and 154.4 ± 0.6°, respectively. Compared to the planar aluminum, the coated surfaces produced a 6.5 ± 0.1 (>99.99997%) and 4.0 ± 0.1 (>99.99%) log-cycle reductions in bacterial surfaces colonization against Gram-negative Salmonella Typhimurium LT2 and Gram-positive Listeria innocua, respectively. We anticipate that the implementation of such a coating strategy on healthcare environments and surfaces and food-contact surfaces can significantly reduce or eliminate potential risks associated with various contamination and cross-contamination scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhao Liu
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Jeremy Zheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Li Hao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510408, People's Republic of China
| | - Yagmur Yegin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Michael Bae
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Beril Ulugun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Thomas Matthew Taylor
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Ethan A Scholar
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Luis Cisneros-Zevallos
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Jun Kyun Oh
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Dankook University, 152 Jukjeon-ro, Suji-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 16890, Republic of Korea
| | - Mustafa Akbulut
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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114
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Song B, Zhang E, Han X, Zhu H, Shi Y, Cao Z. Engineering and Application Perspectives on Designing an Antimicrobial Surface. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:21330-21341. [PMID: 32011846 PMCID: PMC7534184 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b19992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Infections, contaminations, and biofouling resulting from micro- and/or macro-organisms remained a prominent threat to the public health, food industry, and aqua-/marine-related applications. Considering environmental and drug resistance concerns as well as insufficient efficacy on biofilms associated with conventional disinfecting reagents, developing an antimicrobial surface potentially improved antimicrobial performance by directly working on the microbes surrounding the surface area. Here we provide an engineering perspective on the logic of choosing materials and strategies for designing antimicrobial surfaces, as well as an application perspective on their potential impacts. In particular, we analyze and discuss requirements and expectations for specific applications and provide insights on potential misconnection between the antimicrobial solution and its targeted applications. Given the high translational barrier for antimicrobial surfaces, future research would benefit from a comprehensive understanding of working mechanisms for potential materials/strategies, and challenges/requirements for a targeted application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyi Song
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, 48202, USA
| | - Ershuai Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, 48202, USA
| | - Xiangfei Han
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, 48202, USA
| | - Hui Zhu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, 48202, USA
| | - Yuanjie Shi
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, 48202, USA
| | - Zhiqiang Cao
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, 48202, USA
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115
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Yuan H, Zhao H, Peng K, Qi R, Bai H, Zhang P, Huang Y, Lv F, Liu L, Bao J, Wang S. Conjugated Polymer-Quantum Dot Hybrid Materials for Pathogen Discrimination and Disinfection. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:21263-21269. [PMID: 31825194 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b17783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a new platform for pathogen discrimination and killing based on a conjugated polymer-quantum dot hybrid material was designed and constructed through the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) process. The hybrid material comprises water-soluble anionic CdSe/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) and a cationic poly(fluorene-alt-phenylene) derivative (PFP) through electrostatic interactions, thus promoting efficient FRET between PFP and QDs. Upon addition of different pathogen strains, the FRET from PFP to QDs was interrupted because of the competitive binding between PFP and the pathogens. Complexation of PFP and QDs also reduced the dark toxicity to a more desirable level, therefore potentially realizing the controllable killing of pathogens. The technique provides a promising theranostic platform in pathogen discrimination and disinfection based on FRET and phototoxicity of the PFP and QDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Yuan
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Hao Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Ke Peng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Ruilian Qi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Haotian Bai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Pengbo Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yiming Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Fengting Lv
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Libing Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Jianchun Bao
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China
| | - Shu Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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Wang WL, Chen Z, Du Y, Zhang YL, Zhou TH, Wu QY, Hu HY. Elimination of isothiazolinone biocides in reverse osmosis concentrate by ozonation: A two-phase kinetics and a non-linear surrogate model. J Hazard Mater 2020; 389:121898. [PMID: 31879104 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Elimination of commercial Kathon biocide (methyl-isothiazolinone (MIT) and chloro-methyl-isothiazolinone (CMIT) mixture) by ozonation was investigated in real RO influent and concentrate. MIT and CMIT had different reactivities (second-order-rate-constants) with molecular ozone and OH. Ozonation of biocides followed an instantaneous phase (16.6 %-36.9 % contributions) and then a gradual phase (33.6 %-78.8 % contributions). Newly developed kinetics including both phases demonstrated that O3 oxidation contributed 25.6 %-39.8 % and <10 % of MIT and CMIT eliminations, respectively, and OH oxidation contributed 60.2 %-74.4 % and >90 % of MIT and CMIT eliminations, respectively. OH oxidation at the instantaneous phase accounted 15.7 %-37.9 % of total OH oxidation. Mass ratios of O3/DOC of 0.24 and 0.32 were needed for ∼80 % eliminations of MIT and CMIT in RO concentrate, respectively. The kinetics including both phases allowed a para-chlorobenzoic acid indicator model to predict MIT and CMIT elimination better than that including gradual ozonation only, with 58.9 %-96.0 % lower relative error. The attenuations of electron-donating-moiety indicated that O3 may preferentially react with chromophores through aromatic cleavage and electrophilic extraction, while •OH may non-selectively react with chromophores through predominant electrophilic addition. A surrogate model for biocide elimination by UVA254 loss was proposed to be nonlinear rather than linear, which reduced 31.8 %-71.3 % surrogating error.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Long Wang
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), and School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control of Shenzhen, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), and School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ye Du
- Shenzhen Environmental Science and New Energy Technology Engineering Laboratory, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Yi-Lin Zhang
- Shenzhen Environmental Science and New Energy Technology Engineering Laboratory, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Tian-Hui Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control of Shenzhen, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Qian-Yuan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control of Shenzhen, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Hong-Ying Hu
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), and School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Shenzhen Environmental Science and New Energy Technology Engineering Laboratory, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
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117
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Wang J, Gong T, Xian Q. Formation of haloacetic acids from different organic precursors in swimming pool water during chlorination. Chemosphere 2020; 247:125793. [PMID: 31931310 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Haloacetic acids (HAAs) were reported to be the most abundant category of DBPs in swimming pool water. In this study, the formation of HAAs from different organic precursors in swimming pool water, including UV filters, human body fluids, and natural organic matter (NOM), during chlorination was examined, and the effects of chlorine dose and halide concentrations on the formation of HAAs were evaluated. The results show that the total HAA yields from benzophenone-3 (BP-3) and Suwannee River humic acid (SRHA) were the highest among the nine organic precursors, and the yields of dichloroacetic acid and bromochloroacetic acid were higher than that of the other HAA species. In all the chlorinated samples of different organic precursors, longer chlorination time enhanced HAA formation. Both chlorine dose and bromide concentration significantly affected the formation of HAAs from BP-3 and SRHA during chlorination. With the increasing chlorine dose, the total HAA yields from SRHA and BP-3 significantly increased. Besides, the proportion of trihaloacetic acids (THAAs) rose while that of dihaloacetic acids (DHAAs) and monohaloacetic acids (MHAAs) declined with the increasing chlorine dose. With the increasing bromide concentration, HAA formation from SRHA increased while that of BP-3 decreased. The bromine incorporation factor (BIF) of the formed MHAAs, DHAAs and THAAs from SRHA and BP-3 both increased with the increasing bromide concentration in the following order: BIFDHAAs > BIFTHAAs > BIFMHAAs, indicating that bromine was easier to be incorporated into DHAAs rather than MHAAs or THAAs. Moreover, bromide promoted the formation of Br-HAAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Tingting Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Qiming Xian
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
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118
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Ike IA, Karanfil T, Ray SK, Hur J. A comprehensive review of mathematical models developed for the estimation of organic disinfection byproducts. Chemosphere 2020; 246:125797. [PMID: 31918104 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we present comparative and comprehensive views on the foundations, potentials and limitations of the previously reported mathematical models for the estimation of the concentration of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) generated during the chlor(am)ination of water. To this end, DBPs models were divided into two major categories: static variable (SV) and dynamic variable (DV) or differential models. In SV models, variables remain in their original form throughout a chlor(am)ination modelling period while DV models consider the changes driven by a chlor(am)ination treatment as the variables. This classification and the comparative study of the two types of models led to a better understanding of the assumptions, potentials, and limitations of the existing DBP models. In opposition to several claims in the literature, certain DV models based on UV absorbance/fluorescence failed to selectively track the chromophores responsible for DBP formation. In this critical review, a conceptual model for the photophysics of dissolved organic matter (DOM) based on the theory of electron delocalization was proposed to explain some inconsistent spectroscopic properties of DOM following chlor(am)ination and several unique photophysical properties of DOM. New insights for the development and deployment of mathematical models were also provided to estimate DBPs in various settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikechukwu A Ike
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, 209, Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05006, South Korea
| | - Tanju Karanfil
- Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, Clemson University, 342 Computer Court, Anderson, SC, 29625, USA
| | - Schindra Kumar Ray
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, 209, Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05006, South Korea
| | - Jin Hur
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, 209, Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05006, South Korea.
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119
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Timmer N, Gore D, Sanders D, Gouin T, Droge STJ. Application of seven different clay types in sorbent-modified biodegradability studies with cationic biocides. Chemosphere 2020; 245:125643. [PMID: 31877460 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The cationic surfactants cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) can exert inhibitory effects on micro-organisms responsible for their biodegradation. However, under environmentally relevant exposure scenarios the presence of and sorption to organic and inorganic matter can lead to significant reduction of inhibitory effects. In our studies we investigated silica gel and seven clays as inert sorbents to mitigate these inhibitory effects in a 28 day manometric respirometry biodegradation test. CTAB was not inhibitory to the used inoculum, but we did observe that seven out of eight sorbents increased maximum attainable biodegradation, and four out of eight decreased the lag phase. The strongly inhibitory effect of CPC was successfully mitigated by most sorbents, with five out of eight allowing >50% biodegradation within 28 days. Results further indicate that bioaccessibility of the sorbed fractions in the stirred manometric test systems was higher than in calmly shaken headspace test systems. Bioaccessibility might also be limited depending on characteristics of test chemical and sorbent type, with montmorillonite and bentonite apparently providing the lowest level of bioaccessibility with CPC. Clay sorbents can thus be used as environmentally relevant sorbents to mitigate potential inhibitory effects of test chemicals, but factors that impede bioaccessibility should be considered. In addition to apparently increased bioaccessibility due to stirring, the automated manometric respirometry test systems give valuable and highly cost-effective insights into lag phase and biodegradation kinetics; information that is especially relevant for test chemicals of gradual biodegradability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels Timmer
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3508 TD, the Netherlands; Department Discovery and Environmental Sciences, Charles River Laboratories Den Bosch BV, 's-Hertogenbosch, 5231 DD, the Netherlands
| | - David Gore
- Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, Unilever, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, MK44 1LQ, Bedfordshire, UK
| | - David Sanders
- Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, Unilever, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, MK44 1LQ, Bedfordshire, UK
| | - Todd Gouin
- Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, Unilever, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, MK44 1LQ, Bedfordshire, UK
| | - Steven T J Droge
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3508 TD, the Netherlands; Department Freshwater and Marine Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94248, 1090 GE, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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120
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Luo X, Zhu S, Wang J, Sun J, Bu L, Zhou S. Formation, speciation and toxicity of CX 3R-type disinfection by-products (DBPs) from chlor(am)ination of 2,4-diaminobutyric acid (DAB). Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2020; 191:110247. [PMID: 32004943 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
2,4-diaminobutyric acid (DAB), a newly identified algal toxins in water, pose a great threat to human health. DAB may react with chlorine or chloramine to produce CX3R-type disinfection by-products (DBPs) during water treatment processes. This study mainly investigated the formation and speciation of DBPs from chlor(am)ination of DAB. The results revealed that haloacetic acids (HAAs), trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetonitriles (HANs) were the main kinds of CX3R-type DBPs generated from DAB during chlor(am)ination, of which dichloroacetic acid yielded the highest. The formation and total toxicity of four CX3R-type DBPs from DAB during chloramination was significantly lower than that during chlorination at each Cl2:N molar ratio. However, more formation of Br-THMs and I-THMs were observed during chloramination in the presence of Br-/I-. Futhermore, the effects of chlor(am)ine dosage, solution pH, reaction time, and the concentration of Br- and I- on the formation and speciation of CX3R-type DBPs were also evaluated during chlor(am)ination. The plausible formation pathways of CX3R-type DBPs from DAB were proposed and verified by theoretical calculation. The quantum chemistry calculations indicate that 1N in DAB and 8N in 2,4-diaminochlorobutyric acid (C4H9O2N2Cl) were more likely to be attacked by electrophiles, supporting the proposed pathway schemes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Luo
- Key Laboratory of Building Safety and Energy Efficiency, Ministry of Education, College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, PR China
| | - Shumin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Building Safety and Energy Efficiency, Ministry of Education, College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, PR China.
| | - Jue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Building Safety and Energy Efficiency, Ministry of Education, College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, PR China
| | - Julong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Building Safety and Energy Efficiency, Ministry of Education, College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, PR China
| | - Lingjun Bu
- Key Laboratory of Building Safety and Energy Efficiency, Ministry of Education, College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, PR China
| | - Shiqing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Building Safety and Energy Efficiency, Ministry of Education, College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, PR China.
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121
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Zhang X, Chen Z, Shen J, Zhao S, Kang J, Chu W, Zhou Y, Wang B. Formation and interdependence of disinfection byproducts during chlorination of natural organic matter in a conventional drinking water treatment plant. Chemosphere 2020; 242:125227. [PMID: 31704522 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
It is crucial to explore the source, formation process and interdependence of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) to reduce their risk on public health. In this investigation, a source water was chlorinated to evaluate the initial formation rates and the maximum yields of trichloromethane (TCM), dichloroacetic acid (DCAA), and trichloroacetic acid (TCAA) based on a hyperbola model. The results showed that TCM achieved the highest initial formation rate and maximum theoretical concentration compared with DCAA and TCAA. The TCM yield can be used to forecast the yields of DCAA and TCAA throughout the whole reaction process, and the yields of chloral hydrate (CH), dichloroacetonitrile (DCAN) and 1,1,1-trichloropropanone (1,1,1-TCP) within the initial reaction stage. Besides, the raw water, settled water and filtered water collected from a drinking water treatment plant were divided into five fractions, respectively, by ultrafiltration membranes to evaluate their DBP formation after chlorination. Compared with the medium molecular weight species, high and low molecular weight organic matters exhibited relatively high specific regulated and unregulated DBP yields (expressed as μg/mg C), respectively. Humic acid-like compositions predominantly contributed to regulated DBP yields, while soluble microbial by-product-like compounds preferentially generated DCAN. The correlation study revealed that the TCM could also serve as an indicator for the measured DBPs from chlorination of sample fractions with different molecular weight. Finally, it was found that the theoretical cytotoxicity was enhanced during chlorination of filtered water compared with chlorination of settled water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Zhonglin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China
| | - Jimin Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China
| | - Shengxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China
| | - Jing Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China.
| | - Wei Chu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
| | - Yaoyu Zhou
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Binyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China
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122
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Marzo M, Lavado GJ, Como F, Toropova AP, Toropov AA, Baderna D, Cappelli C, Lombardo A, Toma C, Blázquez M, Benfenati E. QSAR models for biocides: The example of the prediction of Daphnia magna acute toxicity. SAR QSAR Environ Res 2020; 31:227-243. [PMID: 31941347 DOI: 10.1080/1062936x.2019.1709221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Biocides are multi-component products used to control undesired and harmful organisms able to affect human or animal health or to damage natural and manufactured products. Because of their widespread use, aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems could be contaminated by biocides. The environmental impact of biocides is evaluated through eco-toxicological studies with model organisms of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. We focused on the development of in silico models for the evaluation of the acute toxicity (EC50) of a set of biocides collected from different sources on the freshwater crustacean Daphnia magna, one of the most widely used model organisms in aquatic toxicology. Toxicological data specific for biocides are limited, so we developed three models for daphnid toxicity using different strategies (linear regression, random forest, Monte Carlo (CORAL)) to overcome this limitation. All models gave satisfactory results in our datasets: the random forest model showed the best results with a determination coefficient r2 = 0.97 and 0.89, respectively, for the training (TS) and the validation sets (VS) while linear regression model and the CORAL model had similar but lower performance (r2 = 0.83 and 0.75, respectively, for TS and VS in the linear regression model and r2 = 0.74 and 0.75 for the CORAL model).
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Affiliation(s)
- M Marzo
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCSS, Milano, Italy
| | - G J Lavado
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCSS, Milano, Italy
| | - F Como
- REACHUP srl, Milano, Italy
| | - A P Toropova
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCSS, Milano, Italy
| | - A A Toropov
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCSS, Milano, Italy
| | - D Baderna
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCSS, Milano, Italy
| | - C Cappelli
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCSS, Milano, Italy
| | - A Lombardo
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCSS, Milano, Italy
| | - C Toma
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCSS, Milano, Italy
| | - M Blázquez
- Inkoa Sistemas S.L., Bilbao, Spain
- CBET Research Group, Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology; Faculty of Science and Technology and Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PiE, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain
| | - E Benfenati
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCSS, Milano, Italy
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123
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Chen X, Wang Y, Li W, Zhang J, Qi W, Lu Y, Ding Z. Coupling changes of disinfectant and bacteria induced by the water stagnation and disinfection strategy. Chemosphere 2020; 242:125190. [PMID: 31704528 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This paper studied stagnation-induced changes of disinfectant and bacteria using an orthogonal test and kinetic analysis, and then proposed a disinfection strategy. Tap water from a drinking water distribution system and ultrafiltrated water were collected and disinfected with four disinfectants (concentrations were set 0.2-1 mg/L as Cl2. The study had several findings. First, disinfectants expanded lag phases and shortened generation times of the microbiome. Reduction in culturability, substrate responsiveness, respiratory activity, membrane potential and integrity subsequently occurred with increasing disinfection concentration. Second, the disinfectant decay rate decreased with initial disinfection concentration, and the effective disinfection phase (heterotrophic plate count (HPC) was less than 100 cfu/mL) was longer in water samples with lower organic matter. Moreover, the disinfection process was divided into an effective phase and an invalid phase (HPC>100 cfu/mL). Then a disinfection efficiency model was built and the regulation of disinfection by-products (DBPs) production was studied in chlorinated water samples, which provides a general method for other disinfectant studies. The average trihalomethanes (THMs) production during the effective phase (marked as THM/th) and THMs production during the invalid phase (marked as ΔTHM) were proposed to evaluate the DBPs production. The level of THM/th and ΔTHM were lower in ultrafiltrated water than those in tap water. THM/th were negatively correlated with initial chlorine concentration while ΔTHM were positively correlated with initial chlorine concentration. Finally, for the purpose of raising disinfection efficiency and decreasing DBPs, we propose periodic pulse disinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Chen
- College of Defense Engineering, The Army Engineering University of PLA, Nanjing, 210007, China
| | - Yi Wang
- College of Defense Engineering, The Army Engineering University of PLA, Nanjing, 210007, China.
| | - Weiying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Junpeng Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Pudong Veolia Water Supply Co., Ltd., Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Wanqi Qi
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yaofeng Lu
- College of Defense Engineering, The Army Engineering University of PLA, Nanjing, 210007, China
| | - Zhibin Ding
- College of Defense Engineering, The Army Engineering University of PLA, Nanjing, 210007, China.
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Marchioni M, Veronesi G, Worms I, Ling WL, Gallon T, Leonard D, Gateau C, Chevallet M, Jouneau PH, Carlini L, Battocchio C, Delangle P, Michaud-Soret I, Deniaud A. Safer-by-design biocides made of tri-thiol bridged silver nanoparticle assemblies. Nanoscale Horiz 2020; 5:507-513. [PMID: 32118225 DOI: 10.1039/c9nh00286c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are efficient biocides increasingly used in consumer products and medical devices. Their activity is due to their capacity to release bioavailable Ag(i) ions making them long-lasting biocides but AgNPs themselves are usually easily released from the product. Besides, AgNPs are highly sensitive to various chemical environments that triggers their transformation, decreasing their activity. Altogether, widespread use of AgNPs leads to bacterial resistance and safety concerns for humans and the environment. There is thus a crucial need for improvement. Herein, a proof of concept for a novel biocide based on AgNP assemblies bridged together by a tri-thiol bioinspired ligand is presented. The final nanomaterial is stable and less sensitive to chemical environments with AgNPs completely covered by organic molecules tightly bound via their thiol functions. Therefore, these AgNP assemblies can be considered as safer-by-design and innovative biocides, since they deliver a sufficient amount of Ag(i) for biocidal activity with no release of AgNPs, which are insensitive to transformations in the nanomaterial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Marchioni
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IRIG, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux, 38000 Grenoble, France.
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Prete M, Favoino E, Giacomelli R, Afeltra A, Cantatore FP, Bruno C, Corrado A, Emmi L, Emmi G, Grembiale RD, Navarini L, Marcoccia A, Liakouli V, Riccardi A, Valentini G, Perosa F. Evaluation of the influence of social, demographic, environmental, work-related factors and/or lifestyle habits on Raynaud's phenomenon: a case-control study. Clin Exp Med 2020; 20:31-37. [PMID: 31679095 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-019-00589-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Raynaud's phenomenon (RP) is a clinical disorder characterized by recurrent, reversible episodes of digital vasospasm. RP can be classified as primary (pRP) or secondary, depending on whether it occurs as a benign condition (not disease-associated) or is associated with other diseases, mainly of the connective tissues. In both cases, it can be triggered by environmental factors, as indicated by the increased incidence of pRP episodes following exposure to cold, vibration injury or chemicals. The purpose of this prospective case-control study was to assess, in an Italian cohort of 132 pRP patients, the association of the phenomenon with demographic, lifestyle habits, environmental and work-related factors. Compared to healthy controls, pRP was found to be inversely associated with the use of contact lenses (OR = 0.4; p = 0.004) and of chlorous-based disinfectants (OR = 0.3; p < 0.001) and directly associated with the presence of prosthesis implants (OR = 5.3; p = 0.001) and the use of hydrogen peroxide-based compounds (OR = 2.6; p = 0.002), suggesting that the latter should be avoided in RP affected patients. Multivariate and multivariable analysis confirmed the associations. Further investigations are needed to understand the mechanism(s) underlying these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Prete
- Systemic Rheumatic and Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology (DIMO), University of Bari Medical School, Piazza G. Cesare 11, I-70124, Bari, Italy
| | - E Favoino
- Systemic Rheumatic and Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology (DIMO), University of Bari Medical School, Piazza G. Cesare 11, I-70124, Bari, Italy
| | - R Giacomelli
- Rheumatology Section, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - A Afeltra
- Clinical Medicine and Rheumatology Department, Campus Bio-Medico, University of Roma, Roma, Italy
| | - F P Cantatore
- Rheumatology Section, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia Medical School, Foggia, Italy
| | - C Bruno
- Rheumatology Research Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - A Corrado
- Rheumatology Section, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia Medical School, Foggia, Italy
| | - L Emmi
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Pharmacology and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - G Emmi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - R D Grembiale
- Rheumatology Research Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - L Navarini
- Clinical Medicine and Rheumatology Department, Campus Bio-Medico, University of Roma, Roma, Italy
| | - A Marcoccia
- UOSD of Ischemic Microangiopathy and Sclerodermic Ulcers, Sandro Pertini Hospital, Roma, Italy
| | - V Liakouli
- Rheumatology Section, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - A Riccardi
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Napoli, Italy
| | - G Valentini
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Napoli, Italy
| | - F Perosa
- Systemic Rheumatic and Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology (DIMO), University of Bari Medical School, Piazza G. Cesare 11, I-70124, Bari, Italy.
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126
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Chiang HY, Pan J, Ma C, Qian PY. Combining a bio-based polymer and a natural antifoulant into an eco-friendly antifouling coating. Biofouling 2020; 36:200-209. [PMID: 32253933 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2020.1749270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradable polymers are promising binders and carriers for natural antifoulants. In the present study, an antifouling (AF) coating was developed by adding a non-toxic AF compound (butenolide) to a bio-based and biodegradable poly(lactic acid)-based polyurethane. Mass loss measurement showed that the polymer degraded in seawater at a rate of 0.013 mg cm-2 day-1. Measurements showed that butenolide was released from the coatings into seawater over a period of at least three months. Both the concentration of butenolide in the coatings and the ambient temperature determined the release rate of butenolide. The results further demonstrate that incorporating rosin into the coatings increase the self-renewal rate of the polymer and facilitated the long-term release of butenolide from the coating. The results show that poly(lactic acid)-based polyurethane is a suitable polymer for butenolide-based AF coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Yin Chiang
- Department of Ocean Science, Division of Life Science and Hong Kong Branch of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jiansen Pan
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunfeng Ma
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pei-Yuan Qian
- Department of Ocean Science, Division of Life Science and Hong Kong Branch of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Hong Kong, China
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127
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Fujioka T, Yoshikawa H, Eguchi M, Boivin S, Kodamatani H. Application of stabilized hypobromite for controlling membrane fouling and N-nitrosodimethylamine formation. Chemosphere 2020; 240:124939. [PMID: 31726604 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Chloramination is a conventional and successful pre-disinfection approach to control biological fouling for reverse osmosis (RO) treatment in water reuse. This study aimed to evaluate the possibility of using a new disinfectant-stabilized hypobromite-in controlling membrane fouling and the formation of a particular carcinogenic disinfection byproduct (DBP)-N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA). Our accelerated chemical exposure tests showed that the new disinfectant reduced the permeability of a polyamide RO membrane permeability from 6.7 to 4.1 L/m2hbar; however, its treatment impact was equivalent to that of chloramine. The disinfection efficacy of stabilized hypobromite was greater than that of chloramine when evaluated with intact bacterial counts, which suggests its potential for mitigating membrane biofouling. Additional pilot-scale tests using synthetic wastewater demonstrated that pre-disinfection with the use of stabilized hypobromite inhibits membrane fouling. Among 13 halogenated DBPs evaluated, the formation of bromoform by stabilized hypobromite was higher than that by chloramine at a high dose of 10 mg/L, thus suggesting the need for optimizing chemical doses for achieving sufficient biofouling mitigation. NDMA formation upon stabilized hypobromite treatment in two different types of actual treated wastewaters was found to be negligible and considerably lower than that by chloramine treatment. In addition, NDMA formation potential by stabilized hypobromite was 2-5 orders of magnitude lower than that by chloramine. Our findings suggest the potential of using stabilized hypobromite for controlling NDMA formation and biofouling, which are the keys to successful potable water reuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Fujioka
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan.
| | - Hiro Yoshikawa
- R&D Center, Organo Corporation, 4-4-1 Nishionuma Minamiku, Sagamihara, 252-0332, Japan
| | - Masahiro Eguchi
- R&D Center, Organo Corporation, 4-4-1 Nishionuma Minamiku, Sagamihara, 252-0332, Japan
| | - Sandrine Boivin
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Kodamatani
- Division of Earth and Environmental Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-35 Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan
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128
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Paijens C, Bressy A, Frère B, Moilleron R. Biocide emissions from building materials during wet weather: identification of substances, mechanism of release and transfer to the aquatic environment. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2020; 27:3768-3791. [PMID: 31656996 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06608-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Biocides are added to or applied on building materials to prevent microorganisms from growing on their surface or to treat them. They are leached into building runoff and contribute to diffuse contamination of receiving waters. This review aimed at summarizing the current state of knowledge concerning the impact of biocides from buildings on the aquatic environment. The objectives were (i) to assess the key parameters influencing the leaching of biocides and to quantify their emission from buildings, (ii) to determine the different pathways from urban sources into receiving waters and (iii) to assess the associated environmental risk. Based on consumption data and leaching studies, a list of substances to monitor in receiving water was established. Literature review of their concentrations in the urban water cycle showed evidences of contamination and risk for aquatic life, which should put them into consideration for inclusion to European or international monitoring programs. However, some biocide concentration data in urban and receiving waters is still missing to fully assess their environmental risk, especially for isothiazolinones, iodopropynyl carbamate, zinc pyrithione and quaternary ammonium compounds, and little is known about their transformation products. Although some models supported by actual data were developed to extrapolate emissions on larger scales (watershed or city scales), they are not sufficient to prioritize the pathways of biocides from urban sources into receiving waters during both dry and wet weathers. Our review highlights the need to reduce emissions and limit their transfer into rivers and reports several solutions to address these issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Paijens
- Leesu, UMR-MA-102, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, Université Paris-Est Créteil, AgroParisTech, 6 et 8 avenue Blaise Pascal - Cité Descartes, 77455, Champs-sur-Marne Cedex 2, France
- Laboratoire Central de la Préfecture de Police, 39 bis rue de Dantzig, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Adèle Bressy
- Leesu, UMR-MA-102, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, Université Paris-Est Créteil, AgroParisTech, 6 et 8 avenue Blaise Pascal - Cité Descartes, 77455, Champs-sur-Marne Cedex 2, France.
| | - Bertrand Frère
- Laboratoire Central de la Préfecture de Police, 39 bis rue de Dantzig, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Régis Moilleron
- Leesu, UMR-MA-102, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, AgroParisTech, 61 avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94010, Créteil Cedex, France
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129
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Doster E, Lakin SM, Dean CJ, Wolfe C, Young JG, Boucher C, Belk KE, Noyes NR, Morley PS. MEGARes 2.0: a database for classification of antimicrobial drug, biocide and metal resistance determinants in metagenomic sequence data. Nucleic Acids Res 2020. [PMID: 31722416 DOI: 10.1590/10.1093/nar/gkz1010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a threat to global public health and the identification of genetic determinants of AMR is a critical component to epidemiological investigations. High-throughput sequencing (HTS) provides opportunities for investigation of AMR across all microbial genomes in a sample (i.e. the metagenome). Previously, we presented MEGARes, a hand-curated AMR database and annotation structure developed to facilitate the analysis of AMR within metagenomic samples (i.e. the resistome). Along with MEGARes, we released AmrPlusPlus, a bioinformatics pipeline that interfaces with MEGARes to identify and quantify AMR gene accessions contained within a metagenomic sequence dataset. Here, we present MEGARes 2.0 (https://megares.meglab.org), which incorporates previously published resistance sequences for antimicrobial drugs, while also expanding to include published sequences for metal and biocide resistance determinants. In MEGARes 2.0, the nodes of the acyclic hierarchical ontology include four antimicrobial compound types, 57 classes, 220 mechanisms of resistance, and 1,345 gene groups that classify the 7,868 accessions. In addition, we present an updated version of AmrPlusPlus (AMR ++ version 2.0), which improves accuracy of classifications, as well as expanding scalability and usability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Doster
- Veterinary Education, Research, and Outreach (VERO) Program, Texas A&M University and West Texas A&M University, Canyon, TX 79016, USA
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55455, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Steven M Lakin
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Christopher J Dean
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55455, USA
| | - Cory Wolfe
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Jared G Young
- Veterinary Education, Research, and Outreach (VERO) Program, Texas A&M University and West Texas A&M University, Canyon, TX 79016, USA
| | - Christina Boucher
- Department of Computer and Information Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Keith E Belk
- Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Noelle R Noyes
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55455, USA
| | - Paul S Morley
- Veterinary Education, Research, and Outreach (VERO) Program, Texas A&M University and West Texas A&M University, Canyon, TX 79016, USA
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130
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Song X, Cvelbar U, Strazar P, Vossebein L, Zille A. Antimicrobial Efficiency and Surface Interactions of Quaternary Ammonium Compound Absorbed on Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) Plasma Treated Fiber-Based Wiping Materials. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:298-311. [PMID: 31816226 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b18746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The physicochemical interactions between alkyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride (ADBAC) as disinfectant and three commercial wiping materials made from 100% polyester (PET), 55%cellulose/45%PET (blend), and 100% cellulose were investigated after treatment with dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma at atmospheric pressure. Wipe material type in terms of cellulose content, liquor ratio, and immersion time demonstrated a significant influence on the adsorption of ADBAC. The higher the content of cellulose in the material, the higher is the adsorption of ADBAC active ingredient. The antimicrobial tests confirm that the ADBAC adsorbed on pure cellulosic material is inactivated losing its bactericidal activity, while 100% PET and blend wipes showed good antimicrobial efficacy. XPS analysis demonstrates the strong interactions of ADBAC with the plasma-generated oxygen species in the polyester-containing wipes surface. Unexpectedly, plasma-treated blend wipe displays a reverse antimicrobial effect compared to untreated samples, performing better in Gram-negative bacteria. The best result was obtained in the plasma treated 100% polyester wipe showing an improvement of about 20% in Gram-positive bacteria and an excellent performance in Gram-negative ones. This method allows the unprecedented use of pure polyester as effective wiping material for surface disinfection eliminating the major drawback of pure polyester, its high hydrophobicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Song
- 2C2T - Centro de Ciência e Tecnologia Têxtil , Universidade do Minho , Campus de Azurém , 4800-058 Guimarães , Portugal
| | - Uros Cvelbar
- Jozef Stefan Institute , Jamova cesta 39 , SI-1000 Ljubljana , Slovenia
| | - Petra Strazar
- Jozef Stefan Institute , Jamova cesta 39 , SI-1000 Ljubljana , Slovenia
| | - Lutz Vossebein
- Faculty of Textile and Clothing Technology , Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences , Webschulstrasse 31 , 41065 Mönchengladbach , Germany
| | - Andrea Zille
- 2C2T - Centro de Ciência e Tecnologia Têxtil , Universidade do Minho , Campus de Azurém , 4800-058 Guimarães , Portugal
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131
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Fan Z, Yang H, Li S, Yu X. Tracking and analysis of DBP precursors' properties by fluorescence spectrometry of dissolved organic matter. Chemosphere 2020; 239:124790. [PMID: 31521927 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Disinfection by-products (DBPs) play a significant role in human health. Identification of the precursor of DBPs, which constitutes dissolved organic matter (DOM), can help optimize the processes in a drinking water treatment plant (DWTP). This is very important for obtaining more safe water. In this context, a one-year study was performed in a DWTP. Fluorescence spectra of DOM were quantified for determining DOM composition and properties, and the corresponding DBPs formation was analyzed. Hydrophobic neutral and acidic compounds were found to be the two predominant substances forming DBPs, which also were dominant in the DOM. Coagulation and sedimentation were not effective in DOM elimination. Besides, sand filtration caused organic compounds to increase by 14.8% on average, especially 28.59% for aromatic protein II and 18.7% for soluble microbial product-like compounds, which was due to metabolism by microorganisms present in the filter. Carbonaceous DBPs were elevated from 34.8 μg/L in source water to 42.5 μg/L in effluent, along with organic compounds increasing in filtration, and nitrogenous DBPs were under detection in winter. All DBPs appeared at a high level in summer. Accordingly, enhanced coagulation process and measures that can avoid the release of organic compounds during filtration have been suggested. As the source water was rarely affected by human activities in the study area and owing to the wide use of traditional treatment process, the data of this research can be regarded as environmental background values and the results are considered as a significant reference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihong Fan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Catalysis and New Environmental Materials, College of Environment and Resources, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, 400067, China
| | - Hailing Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Catalysis and New Environmental Materials, College of Environment and Resources, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, 400067, China
| | - Shuangfei Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-environmental Science, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Xin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China.
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132
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Ul'yanovskii NV, Kosyakov DS, Varsegov IS, Popov MS, Lebedev AT. Identification of novel disinfection byproducts in pool water: Chlorination of the algaecide benzalkonium chloride. Chemosphere 2020; 239:124801. [PMID: 31520969 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The maintenance of public swimming pools requires numerous technological steps. One of the most important issues involves microbiological safety. Benzalkonium chloride (BAC) encompasses homologous alkylbenzyldimethylammonium chlorides with various alkyl chains, in particular C12 and C14, and is known as a popular algaecide for keeping water clean. In addition to BAC, NaOCl and UV-irradiation are also used to treat pool water as additional technological steps. Therefore, BAC itself can become a precursor of disinfection byproducts (DBPs). High-performance liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS), with accurate mass measurements, has allowed the discovery of several groups of DBPs that are related to BAC in public pool water in Arkhangelsk (Russia). These DBPs include numerous isomeric monochlorinated derivatives ([C21H37ClN]+ and [C23H41ClN]+), hydroxyl derivatives ([C21H38NO]+ and [C23H42NO]), carbonyl ([C21H36NO]+ and [C23H40NO]+), and dicarbonyl derivatives ([C21H34NO2]+ and [C23H38NO2]+). In addition, chlorinated alcohols, ketones and ketoalcohols of BAC were also detected, including [C21H35ClNO]+, [C21H37ClNO]+ and [C21H35ClNO2]+ for BAC-12; and [C23H39ClNO]+, [C23H41ClNO]+ and [C23H39ClNO2]+ for BAC-14. MS/MS allowed reliable elucidation of the structures of novel DBPs, proving that chlorination starts via radical substitution in the long aliphatic chains of BAC. UV-irradiation dramatically accelerates the reaction completely destroying the original compounds in less than an hour, while the array of the intermediate products remains the same as in the dark. The formation of other DBPs proceeds due to further reactions of these primary products. The concentrations of novel DBPs in pool water reach μg L-1 levels. These conclusions were proved by conducting model reactions of BAC with NaOCl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay V Ul'yanovskii
- Core Facility Center "Arktika", Northern (Arctic) Federal University, Arkhangelsk, 163002, Russia
| | - Dmitry S Kosyakov
- Core Facility Center "Arktika", Northern (Arctic) Federal University, Arkhangelsk, 163002, Russia.
| | - Ilya S Varsegov
- Core Facility Center "Arktika", Northern (Arctic) Federal University, Arkhangelsk, 163002, Russia
| | - Mark S Popov
- Core Facility Center "Arktika", Northern (Arctic) Federal University, Arkhangelsk, 163002, Russia
| | - Albert T Lebedev
- Core Facility Center "Arktika", Northern (Arctic) Federal University, Arkhangelsk, 163002, Russia; Department of Organic Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
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Zheng C, Li M, Liu H, Xu Z. Complete dehalogenation of bromochloroacetic acid by liquid phase catalytic hydrogenation over Pd/CeO 2 catalysts. Chemosphere 2020; 239:124740. [PMID: 31527005 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Bromochloroacetic acid is classified as one of the typical disinfection byproducts (DBPs). In this work, supported palladium catalysts on different supports (CeO2, Al2O3, SiO2 and activated carbon (AC)) (labelled as Pd/support) were synthesized via the deposition-precipitation method (D-P method) and their activities for the complete dehalogenation of bromochloroacetic acid by liquid phase catalytic hydrogenation were evaluated. Comprehensive characterizations of the catalysts were conducted by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), point of zero charge (PZC), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and CO chemisorption. Results indicated that the PZCs of the supports varied with each other. The stronger Pd-support interaction and higher Pd dispersion of Pd/CeO2 and Pd/Al2O3 than those of Pd/AC and Pd/SiO2 were confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and CO chemisorption. Pd/CeO2 had a higher ratio of positively charged Pd to metallic Pd (Pdn+/Pd0) than Pd/Al2O3 and Pd/AC due to a stronger metal-support interaction. Accordingly, a negligible bromochloroacetic acid conversion was observed on Pd/SiO2, whereas bromochloroacetic acid was found to be readily decomposed on Pd/CeO2, Pd/Al2O3 and Pd/AC. However, the dechlorination reaction could not further proceed on Pd/Al2O3 and Pd/AC catalysts after the bromine functionality was removed from bromochloroacetic acid. A complete dehalogenation of bromochloroacetic acid occurred only on Pd/CeO2. Furthermore, the dechlorination rate constants of monochloroacetic acid and bromochloroacetic acid over Pd(1.40)/CeO2 were 0.018 and 0.031 min-1 respectively, confirming an induced synergistic effect due to the existence of bromine atoms. It was worth noting that a stepwise-concerted pathway was verified during the liquid phase catalytic hydrodehalogenation of bromochloroacetic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changlong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emissions Control, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Minghui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emissions Control, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Hui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emissions Control, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zhaoyi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emissions Control, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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134
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Ogunniyi AD, Dandie CE, Ferro S, Hall B, Drigo B, Brunetti G, Venter H, Myers B, Deo P, Donner E, Lombi E. Comparative antibacterial activities of neutral electrolyzed oxidizing water and other chlorine-based sanitizers. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19955. [PMID: 31882630 PMCID: PMC6934530 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56248-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing demand for safe and effective sanitizers for irrigation water disinfection to prevent transmission of foodborne pathogens to fresh produce. Here we compared the efficacy of pH-neutral electrolyzed oxidizing water (EOW), sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) and chlorine dioxide (ClO2) against single and mixed populations of E. coli, Listeria and Salmonella under a range of pH and organic matter content. EOW treatment of the mixed bacterial suspension resulted in a dose-dependent (<1 mg/L free chlorine), rapid (<2 min) and effective (4-6 Log10) reduction of the microbial load in water devoid of organic matter under the range of pH conditions tested (pH, 6.0, 7.0, 8.4 and 9.2). The efficacy of EOW containing 5 mg/L free chlorine was unaffected by increasing organic matter, and compared favourably with equivalent concentrations of NaClO and ClO2. EOW at 20 mg/L free chlorine was more effective than NaClO and ClO2 in reducing bacterial populations in the presence of high (20-100 mg/L) dissolved organic carbon, and no regrowth or metabolic activity was observed for EOW-treated bacteria at this concentration upon reculturing in rich media. Thus, EOW is as effective or more effective than other common chlorine-based sanitizers for pathogen reduction in contaminated water. EOW's other characteristics, such as neutral pH and ease of handling, indicate its suitability for fresh produce sanitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abiodun D Ogunniyi
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia, Australia.
| | - Catherine E Dandie
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sergio Ferro
- Ecas4 Australia Pty Ltd, 8/1 London Road, Mile End South, South Australia, Australia
| | - Barbara Hall
- Plant Health and Biosecurity, SARDI, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Barbara Drigo
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia, Australia
| | - Gianluca Brunetti
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia, Australia
| | - Henrietta Venter
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Baden Myers
- Natural and Built Environments Research Centre, School of Natural and Built Environments, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia, Australia
| | - Permal Deo
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Erica Donner
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia, Australia
| | - Enzo Lombi
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia, Australia
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135
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Sportelli MC, Longano D, Bonerba E, Tantillo G, Torsi L, Sabbatini L, Cioffi N, Ditaranto N. Electrochemical Preparation of Synergistic Nanoantimicrobials. Molecules 2019; 25:E49. [PMID: 31877834 PMCID: PMC6983245 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25010049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid spreading of resistance among common bacterial pathogens towards the misused antibiotics/disinfectant agents has drawn much attention worldwide to bacterial infections. In light of this, the present work aimed at the realization of core-shell nanoparticles possessing remarkable antimicrobial properties thanks to the synergistic action of the metal core and the disinfectant shell. Copper nanoparticles stabilized by benzalkonium chloride were prepared, characterized, and implemented in poly-vinyl-methyl ketone to obtain nanoantimicrobial composite coatings. Bioactivity tests are reported, proving the excellent disinfectant properties of the proposed nanomaterials, as compared to one of the well-known and strongest silver-based nanoantimicrobials. Applications are also briefly described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Chiara Sportelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, via Orabona 4, I–70125 Bari, Italy; (M.C.S.); (D.L.); (L.T.); (L.S.)
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie UOS Bari, CNR, Via Amendola 173, I–70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Daniela Longano
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, via Orabona 4, I–70125 Bari, Italy; (M.C.S.); (D.L.); (L.T.); (L.S.)
| | - Elisabetta Bonerba
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Strada Prov. 62 per Casamassima, Km 3, I–70010 Valenzano (BA), Italy; (E.B.); (G.T.)
| | - Giuseppina Tantillo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Strada Prov. 62 per Casamassima, Km 3, I–70010 Valenzano (BA), Italy; (E.B.); (G.T.)
| | - Luisa Torsi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, via Orabona 4, I–70125 Bari, Italy; (M.C.S.); (D.L.); (L.T.); (L.S.)
| | - Luigia Sabbatini
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, via Orabona 4, I–70125 Bari, Italy; (M.C.S.); (D.L.); (L.T.); (L.S.)
| | - Nicola Cioffi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, via Orabona 4, I–70125 Bari, Italy; (M.C.S.); (D.L.); (L.T.); (L.S.)
| | - Nicoletta Ditaranto
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, via Orabona 4, I–70125 Bari, Italy; (M.C.S.); (D.L.); (L.T.); (L.S.)
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136
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Abstract
Wettability is a special character found in nature, including the superhydrophobicity of lotus leaves, the underwater superoleophobicity of fish scales and the slipperiness of pitcher plants. These surfaces exhibit unique properties such as resistance to icing, corrosion, and the like. The antifouling properties of the material surface have important applications in a variety of areas, such as in hulls, in medical equipment, in water pipes and underwater equipment. However, the traditional anti-fouling surface is usually combined with toxic substances or its manufacturing process is complicated and expensive, which cannot meet the current antifouling demand. These wettable surfaces have always exhibited good anti-biofouling and self-cleaning properties, and their use as antifouling surfaces can well solve the problems of the above-mentioned traditional antifouling surfaces. Here, we divided the wettable surfaces into superhydrophobic surfaces, underwater superoleophobic surfaces and slippery surfaces, respectively, summarizing their development in the field of antifouling. Their research progress in antibacterial, antibiotic flocculation and antiplatelet adhesion is highlighted. Furthermore, we provide our own insights into the shortcomings and development prospects of wettable surface applications in the field of antifouling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Li
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Centre for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, People's Republic of China. and State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiguang Guo
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Centre for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, People's Republic of China. and State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
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137
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Gabriel MF, Felgueiras F, Mourão Z, Fernandes EO. Assessment of the air quality in 20 public indoor swimming pools located in the Northern Region of Portugal. Environ Int 2019; 133:105274. [PMID: 31678908 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Air exposures occurring in indoor swimming pools are an important public health issue due to their popularity and regular use by the general population, including vulnerable groups such as children and elderly people. More comprehensive information on indoor air quality (IAQ) in swimming pools is thus needed in order to understand health risks, establish appropriate protective limits and provide evidence-based opportunities for improvement of IAQ in these facilities. In this context, twenty public indoor swimming pools located in the Northern Region of Portugal were examined in two sampling campaigns: January-March and May-July 2018. For each campaign, a comprehensive set of environmental parameters was monitored during the entire period of the facilities' operating hours of a weekday, both indoors and outdoors. In addition, four air (1-h samplings) and water samples were collected. Findings show that comfort conditions, ultrafine particles number concentrations and exposure to substances in the indoor air (concentration and composition) is likely to vary greatly from one public indoor swimming pool to another. Trihalomethanes (THM) and dichloroacetonitrile were the predominant disinfection by-products identified in the indoor air but other potentially hazardous volatile organic compounds, such as limonene, 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene, 2,2,4,4,6,8,8-heptamethylnonane, 2- and 3-methylbutanenitrile, acetophenone, benzonitrile, and isobutyronitrile were found to have relevant putative emission sources in the environment of the swimming pools analyzed. Furthermore, indicators of poor ventilation conditions (namely carbon dioxide, relative humidity and existence of signs of condensation in windows) and some water-related parameters (THM levels, conductivity and salinity) were found to be determining factors of the measured airborne THM concentrations that appeared to significantly potentiate the exposure. In summary, this work provides evidence for the need to establish adequate standards for the comprehensive evaluation of IAQ in public swimming pools, in order to guide further development of evidence-based prevention/remediation strategies for promoting healthy environments in swimming pools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta F Gabriel
- INEGI, Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Porto, Portugal.
| | - F Felgueiras
- INEGI, Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Porto, Portugal
| | - Z Mourão
- INEGI, Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Porto, Portugal
| | - E O Fernandes
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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138
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Pan L, Zhang X, Yang M, Han J, Jiang J, Li W, Yang B, Li X. Effects of dechlorination conditions on the developmental toxicity of a chlorinated saline primary sewage effluent: Excessive dechlorination is better than not enough. Sci Total Environ 2019; 692:117-126. [PMID: 31344565 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Chlorine-disinfected sewage effluents are typically dechlorinated by using NaHSO3, Na2SO3, or Na2S2O3, as chlorine residual could be harmful to aquatic organisms upon discharge of sewage effluents into receiving marine water. In this study, we systematically investigated the effects of dechlorination-related factors on the developmental toxicity of a chlorinated saline primary sewage effluent, via direct exposure of the embryos of a marine polychaete to the effluent. The results showed that dechlorination ratio (i.e., the ratio of the dosed amount to the requisite stoichiometric amount of a dechlorination agent) and mixing condition were critical factors affecting the toxicity of the effluent. The toxicity of the effluent under insufficient dechlorination conditions was mainly caused by residual chlorine, especially monochloramine. Although the three dechlorination agents generally performed similarly, dechlorination with Na2S2O3 required a more vigorous mixing condition than that with NaHSO3 or Na2SO3, as the relatively high density of Na2S2O3 might affect the mixing efficiency. Under insufficient mixing conditions, a prolonged dechlorination time was beneficial to achieving complete dechlorination and thus lowered the toxicity of the effluent. Moreover, because disinfection byproducts (DBPs) may have chronic effects on aquatic organisms, the developmental toxicity of the DBP mixtures in the chlorinated effluent in different dechlorination scenarios was also evaluated. The results indicated that increasing the dechlorination ratio reduced the developmental toxicity of the DBP mixture in the chlorinated saline sewage effluent, which might be ascribed to the decrease of the levels of overall brominated and iodinated DBPs; the dechlorination agent (NaHSO3 or Na2S2O3) might act as a nucleophile in the nucleophilic substitution and cause the substitution of bromine or iodine atoms in brominated and iodinated DBPs. The results from this study might aid in the design and operation of dechlorination facilities in sewage treatment plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Pan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiangru Zhang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Mengting Yang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Jiarui Han
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jingyi Jiang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wanxin Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bo Yang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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139
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Vertova A, Miani A, Lesma G, Rondinini S, Minguzzi A, Falciola L, Ortenzi MA. Chlorine Dioxide Degradation Issues on Metal and Plastic Water Pipes Tested in Parallel in a Semi-Closed System. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2019; 16:ijerph16224582. [PMID: 31752399 PMCID: PMC6888174 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16224582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Chlorine dioxide (ClO2) has been widely used as a disinfectant in drinking water in the past but its effects on water pipes have not been investigated deeply, mainly due to the difficult experimental set-up required to simulate real-life water pipe conditions. In the present paper, four different kinds of water pipes, two based on plastics, namely random polypropylene (PPR) and polyethylene of raised temperature (PERT/aluminum multilayer), and two made of metals, i.e., copper and galvanized steel, were put in a semi-closed system where ClO2 was dosed continuously. The semi-closed system allowed for the simulation of real ClO2 concentrations in common water distribution systems and to simulate the presence of pipes made with different materials from the source of water to the tap. Results show that ClO2 has a deep effect on all the materials tested (plastics and metals) and that severe damage occurs due to its strong oxidizing power in terms of surface chemical modification of metals and progressive cracking of plastics. These phenomena could in turn become an issue for the health and safety of drinking water due to progressive leakage of degraded products in the water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Vertova
- Department of Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19-20133 Milan, Italy; (A.V.); (G.L.); (S.R.); (A.M.); (L.F.)
| | - Alessandro Miani
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy (ESP), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2-20133 Milan, Italy;
- Italian Society of Environmental Medicine (SIMA), Via Monte Leone 2-20149 Milan, Italy
| | - Giordano Lesma
- Department of Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19-20133 Milan, Italy; (A.V.); (G.L.); (S.R.); (A.M.); (L.F.)
- CRC Materiali Polimerici (LaMPo), Department of Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19-20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Sandra Rondinini
- Department of Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19-20133 Milan, Italy; (A.V.); (G.L.); (S.R.); (A.M.); (L.F.)
| | - Alessandro Minguzzi
- Department of Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19-20133 Milan, Italy; (A.V.); (G.L.); (S.R.); (A.M.); (L.F.)
| | - Luigi Falciola
- Department of Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19-20133 Milan, Italy; (A.V.); (G.L.); (S.R.); (A.M.); (L.F.)
- Italian Society of Environmental Medicine (SIMA), Via Monte Leone 2-20149 Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Aldo Ortenzi
- Department of Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19-20133 Milan, Italy; (A.V.); (G.L.); (S.R.); (A.M.); (L.F.)
- CRC Materiali Polimerici (LaMPo), Department of Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19-20133 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0250314135
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140
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Taterka A, Miskewitz R, Sharp RR, Patoczka J. Modeling chlorine-produced oxidant demand and dilution in chlorinated combined sewer overflow discharges. J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng 2019; 55:266-274. [PMID: 31724470 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2019.1686890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Combined sewer overflow (CSO) water introduces pathogens to receiving waters. To control pathogenic releases, chlorine may be added to disinfect CSO water. The added chlorine may react with water constituents to form oxidative species known as chlorine-produced oxidants (CPO). CPO are the sum of free and combined oxidative species that form upon adding free chlorine-bearing compounds (e.g. gaseous chlorine or hypochlorite) to water. CPO discharge is often regulated by governing agencies. Current methods to model CPO behavior do not account for CPO decay and dilution simultaneously in receiving water. This study creates a novel model for CPO demand and dilution in receiving water from chlorinated effluent in order to determine site-specific practices for implementation of a CSO water disinfection regime. To do this, representative receiving water was collected and dosed with 1, 2, and 4 mg/L chlorine. The residual chlorine was measured at intervals up to 30 min after dosing. The immediate and subsequent chlorine demand was calculated, with the subsequent demand modeled by simultaneous application of dilution and decay using pseudo-first-order decay kinetics. A comparison of model calculations indicates that application of dilution before decay underestimates CPO demand, while application of decay before dilution overestimates CPO demand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin Taterka
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Robert Miskewitz
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Robert R Sharp
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Manhattan College, Riverdale, New York, USA
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141
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Liu Y, Tang Y, Wu Y, Feng L, Zhang L. Degradation of naproxen in chlorination and UV/chlorine processes: kinetics and degradation products. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:34301-34310. [PMID: 30746625 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04472-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Naproxen (NAP) is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug which has been widely used and frequently detected in water environments. This study investigated the NAP degradation in the chlorination and UV/chlorine disinfection processes, which usually acted as the last barriers for water treatment. The results showed that both chlorination and UV/chlorine disinfection could remove NAP effectively. At various chlorine dosages (0.1~0.5 mM), the contributions of chlorination and reactive radicals to the degradation of NAP in the UV/chlorine process were calculated to be 50.5~56.9% and 43.1~49.5%, respectively. However, the reactive radicals dominated in NAP degradation in alkaline solutions, while chlorination dominated in acidic conditions. The HCO3- (10~50 mM) slightly inhibited, Cl- (10~50 mM) gradually promoted, and HA (1~5 mg/L) significantly reduced NAP degradation by UV/chlorine process. The degradation intermediates and products were obtained via high-performance liquid chromatography with QE-MS/MS; NAP was degraded by demethylation, acetylation, and dicarboxylic acid pathways during the chlorination and UV/chlorination processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongze Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control and Eco-remediation, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yuqing Tang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control and Eco-remediation, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yongxin Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control and Eco-remediation, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Li Feng
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control and Eco-remediation, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Liqiu Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control and Eco-remediation, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
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142
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Zhang Y, Xiao Y, Zhang Y, Lim TT. UV direct photolysis of halogenated disinfection byproducts: Experimental study and QSAR modeling. Chemosphere 2019; 235:719-725. [PMID: 31279122 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.06.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
UV direct photolysis has been used as a promising process to remove halogenated disinfection byproducts (DBPs) generated in water. In this study, experimental studies and modeling approaches were applied to investigate the UV direct photolysis rate constants for 40 kinds of halogenated DBPs. The fluence-based pseudo-first-order rate constants for the removal of halogenated DBPs under UV photolysis spanned more than 2 orders of magnitude, with a range of (0.23-29.84) × 10-4 cm2 mJ-1. DBPs with higher number of halogenated substituents featured higher photolysis rate constants. The degradation efficiencies of DBPs were also affected by the species of halogen substituents, which followed the trend of iodo- > bromo- > chloro- DBPs. A quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) model was established on the basis of the observed degradation rate constant values, which contained a quantum-chemical descriptor (ELUMO-EHOMO) and a molecular descriptor (Eta_C). The calculated parameters of the developed model indicated its good robustness and high reliability. The developed QSAR model can predict the degradation rate constants for DBPs within factors of 1/3 to 3. The model was validated using application domain and visualized in a Williams plot. The selected descriptors for QSAR model can explain the reaction mechanism for UV direct photolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqing Zhang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Yongjun Xiao
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore.
| | - Yicheng Zhang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Teik-Thye Lim
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore; Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One, Singapore, 637141, Singapore.
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143
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Zhang AQ, Zhou GJ, Lam MHW, Leung KMY. Toxicities of Irgarol 1051 derivatives, M2 and M3, to two marine diatom species. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2019; 182:109455. [PMID: 31344592 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Irgarol 1051 is highly toxic to marine autotrophs and has been widely used as an antifouling booster biocide. This study tested the toxicities of two s-triazine derivatives of Irgarol, namely M2 (3-[4-tert-butylamino-6-methylthiol-s-triazin-2-ylamino]propionaldehyde) and M3 (2-methylthio-4,6-bis-tert-butylamino-s-triazine) to two marine diatom species, Skeletonema costatum and Thalassiosira pseudonana through standard acute (96h) and chronic (7d) growth inhibition tests. Results showed that both of the two chemicals significantly inhibited the growth of S. costatum (M2: 96h-EC50 = 6789.7 μg L-1, 7d-EC50 = 3503.7 μg L-1; M3: 96h-EC50 = 45193.9 μg L-1, 7d-EC50 = 5330.0 μg L-1) and T. pseudonana (M2: 96h-EC50 = 366.2 μg L-1, 7d-EC50 = 312.5 μg L-1; M3: 96h-EC50 = 2633.4 μg L-1, 7d-EC50 = 710.5 μg L-1), while their toxicity effects were much milder than Irgarol and its major degradation product M1. By comparing with previous findings, the susceptibilities of these s-triazine compounds to two tested species were ranked as: Irgarol > M1 ≫ M2 > M3. This study promotes future research efforts on better understanding of the ecotoxicities of M2 and M3, and incorporating such information to improve the current monitoring, risk assessment and regulation of the use of Irgarol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Q Zhang
- The Swire Institute of Marine Science and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Guang-Jie Zhou
- The Swire Institute of Marine Science and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Michael H W Lam
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution (City University of Hong Kong), Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kenneth M Y Leung
- The Swire Institute of Marine Science and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution (City University of Hong Kong), Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
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144
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Padmavathi AR, Sriyutha Murthy P, Das A, Nishad PA, Pandian R, Rao TS. Copper oxide nanoparticles as an effective anti-biofilm agent against a copper tolerant marine bacterium, Staphylococcus lentus. Biofouling 2019; 35:1007-1025. [PMID: 31718302 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2019.1687689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Biofilm formation on antifouling coatings is a serious concern in seawater cooling systems and the maritime industry. A prolific biofilm forming strain (Staphylococcus lentus), possessing high tolerance (>1,000 µg ml-1) to dissolved copper ions (Cu++) was isolated from titanium coupons exposed in the coastal waters of Kalpakkam, east coast of India. S. lentus formed increased biofilm (p < 0.05) at 100 µg ml-1 of Cu++ ions, when compared with the untreated control. To combat biofilm formation of this strain, the efficacy of copper oxide nanoparticles synthesized from copper nitrate by varying the concentrations of hexamine and cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), was investigated. Complete (100%) inhibition of biofilm formation was observed with plain CuO NP (0.5 M hexamine, uncapped) at 1,000 µg ml-1. Capping with CTAB, influenced the morphology and the purity of the synthesized CuO NPs but did not alter their surface charge. Capping reduced metal ion release from CuO NPs and their antibacterial and anti-biofilm property against S. lentus. Overall, uncapped CuO NPs were effective in controlling biofilm formation of S. lentus. Concurrent release of copper ions and contact mediated physical damage by CuO NPs offer a promising approach to tackle metal tolerant biofilm bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alwar Ramanujam Padmavathi
- Water and Steam Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Facilities, Kalpakkam, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P Sriyutha Murthy
- Water and Steam Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Facilities, Kalpakkam, Tamil Nadu, India
- Life Sciences Department, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Arindam Das
- Surface and Nanoscience Division, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam, Tamil Nadu, India
- Chemical Sciences Department, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Padala Abdul Nishad
- Water and Steam Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Facilities, Kalpakkam, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramanathasamy Pandian
- Surface and Nanoscience Division, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Toleti Subba Rao
- Water and Steam Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Facilities, Kalpakkam, Tamil Nadu, India
- Life Sciences Department, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
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145
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Zhang M, Wang X, Hao H, Wang H, Duan L, Li Y. Formation of disinfection byproducts as affected by biochar during water treatment. Chemosphere 2019; 233:190-197. [PMID: 31176894 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.05.260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Biochar (BC) is as an emerging and promising adsorbent for the removal of pollutants from aqueous solutions in water treatment given its porous structure, large surface area, and numerous O-functional groups. However, the effects of BC on the formation of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) during the disinfection process of water treatment remains largely unknown. This study investigated the influence of aqueous solution chemistry on DBP formation in the presence of BC during chlorination. BC samples prepared from different biomass precursors (wheat straw, peanut shells, and shaddock peel) with different pyrolysis temperatures were compared, and the effects of aqueous solution chemistry were systematically investigated. Results indicated that DBPs could be formed during disinfection with BC. Certain intermediate DBP products would undergo base catalysis to form trichloromethane (TCM) via hydrolysis as pH increased. This phenomenon would increase TCM content, as well as decrease chloral hydrate and 1,1-dichloro-2-propanone content. The increment in inorganic ion (NaCl) content showed negligible effects on DBP formation during BC chlorination. DBP formation was restrained in the presence of humic acid (HA) because the number of active sites on BC that participated in the reaction decreased when BC adsorbed HA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering/Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, Nankai University, Tong Yan Road 38, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering/Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, Nankai University, Tong Yan Road 38, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Huizhi Hao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering/Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, Nankai University, Tong Yan Road 38, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Huihui Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering/Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, Nankai University, Tong Yan Road 38, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Lin Duan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering/Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, Nankai University, Tong Yan Road 38, Tianjin, 300350, China.
| | - Yao Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering/Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, Nankai University, Tong Yan Road 38, Tianjin, 300350, China.
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146
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Moreno-Andrés J, Peperzak L. Operational and environmental factors affecting disinfection byproducts formation in ballast water treatment systems. Chemosphere 2019; 232:496-505. [PMID: 31170652 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.05.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
To prevent the worldwide spread of invasive aquatic species, the ballast water of ships may be disinfected with either physical or chemical treatment systems. Excess chemicals, such as chlorine, are neutralized before the ballast water can be discharged. Unfortunately, disinfection byproducts (DBPs) formed during treatment are not neutralized and remain potentially toxic. In this study, DBPs obtained from land-based tests of seven different ballast water treatment systems (BWTSs) have been statistically analyzed. Effect of operational factors (treatment type, holding time, source of carbon and active substance dosages) and environmental variables (salinity, pH, temperature, organic matter) were related to the formation of DBPs, such as trihalomethanes (THMs), haloacetic acids (HAAs), haloacetonitriles (HANs) and aldehydes. THMs and HAAs were the groups with major occurrences and concentrations detected in all BWTSs. Treatment type and source of carbon were the operational factors with major significance on DBP production, especially in chlorination systems. Salinity is the main variable determining DBP composition, as it differs between brominated-DBPs and chlorinated-DBPs. Concentration and type of organic matter (dissolved and particulate) have also a significant influence on the formation of total DBPs. According to the specific group of DBPs, some factors get significance. For instance, THMs are significantly affected by pH, and the production of aldehydes correlates positively with oxidant dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Moreno-Andrés
- Department of Environmental Technologies. INMAR-Marine Research Institute. University of Cádiz. Campus Universitario Puerto Real, 11510, Puerto Real. Cádiz, Spain; NIOZ Royal Institute for Sea Research and Utrecht University, Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems (EDS) and Control Union Water (CUW), P.O. Box 59, NL-1790 AB Texel, the Netherlands.
| | - Louis Peperzak
- NIOZ Royal Institute for Sea Research and Utrecht University, Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems (EDS) and Control Union Water (CUW), P.O. Box 59, NL-1790 AB Texel, the Netherlands
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147
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Li J, Teng Z, Weng S, Zhou B, Turner ER, Vinyard BT, Luo Y. Dynamic changes in the physicochemical properties of fresh-cut produce wash water as impacted by commodity type and processing conditions. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222174. [PMID: 31557181 PMCID: PMC6762053 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Organic materials in fresh-cut produce wash water deplete free chlorine that is required to prevent pathogen survival and cross-contamination. This research evaluated water quality parameters frequently used to describe organic load for their fitness to predict chlorine demand (CLD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD), which are major needs identified by the industry-led produce food safety taskforce. Batches of romaine lettuce, iceberg lettuce, or carrot of different cut sizes and shapes were washed in 40 liters of water. Physicochemical properties of wash water including CLD, COD, total organic carbon (TOC), total suspended solids (TSS), total dissolved solids (TDS), turbidity, total sugar content, and pH, were monitored. Results indicate that pH is primarily commodity dependent, while organic load is additionally impacted by cutting and washing conditions. Significant linear increases in COD, TOC, CLD, TDS, and turbidity resulted from increasing product-to-water ratio, and decreasing cut size. Physicochemical parameters, excluding pH, showed significant positive correlation across different cut sizes within a commodity. High correlations were obtained between CLD and COD and between COD and TOC for pooled products. The convenient measurement of TDS, along with its strong correlation with COD and CLD, suggests the potential of TDS for predicting organic load and chlorine reactivity. Finally, the potential application and limitation of the proposed models in practical produce processing procedures are discussed extensively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
- U. S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Agricultural, Research Center, Environmental Microbiology and Food Safety Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, United States of America
| | - Zi Teng
- U. S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Agricultural, Research Center, Environmental Microbiology and Food Safety Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, United States of America
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States of America
| | - ShihChi Weng
- JHU/MWH Alliance, 615 N. Wolfe St., Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Bin Zhou
- U. S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Agricultural, Research Center, Environmental Microbiology and Food Safety Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, United States of America
| | - Ellen R. Turner
- U. S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Agricultural, Research Center, Environmental Microbiology and Food Safety Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, United States of America
| | - Bryan T. Vinyard
- Statistics Group, Northeast Area Office, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, United States of America
| | - Yaguang Luo
- U. S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Agricultural, Research Center, Environmental Microbiology and Food Safety Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, United States of America
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148
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Tenzin S, Ogunniyi AD, Khazandi M, Ferro S, Bartsch J, Crabb S, Abraham S, Deo P, Trott DJ. Decontamination of aerosolised bacteria from a pig farm environment using a pH neutral electrochemically activated solution (Ecas4 anolyte). PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222765. [PMID: 31553747 PMCID: PMC6760800 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
An electrochemically activated solution (ECAS), generated by electrolysis of a dilute sodium chloride solution in a four-chamber electrolytic cell (Ecas4), was tested as a sanitising aerosol in eliminating bacteria from the environment of a weaning room vacated 24-48h earlier, at a continuous flow pig farm. An ultrasonic humidifier was used to fill the environment with a fog (droplets with diameters of 1–5 μm) containing 0.25 ppm of hypochlorous acid. The weaning room was fogged for 3 min at 30 min intervals during five hours of aerosol disinfection. An innovative sample treatment with propidium monoazide dye in conjunction with cyclonic air sampling was optimised and adapted for discerning live/dead bacteria in subsequent molecular quantification steps. Without fogging, total bacterial load ranged from 5.06 ± 0.04 to 5.75 ± 0.04 Log10 CFU/m3. After the first hour of fogging, a 78% total bacterial reduction was observed, which further increased to > 97% after the second hour, > 99.4% after the third and 99.8% after the fourth hour, finally resulting in a 99.99% reduction from the farm environment over five hours. Unlike the current formaldehyde spray disinfection protocol, which requires a long empty period because of its hazardous properties, this economically viable and environmentally friendly disinfection protocol may significantly lower downtime. Moreover, ECAS fogging can be easily adapted to a variety of applications, including the elimination of pathogens from livestock farm air environment for disease prevention, as well as decontamination after disease outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangay Tenzin
- Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy SA, Australia
- * E-mail: (DJT); (ST)
| | - Abiodun David Ogunniyi
- Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy SA, Australia
| | - Manouchehr Khazandi
- Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy SA, Australia
| | - Sergio Ferro
- Ecas4 Australia Pty. Ltd., Mile End South SA, Australia
| | | | - Simon Crabb
- Ecas4 Australia Pty. Ltd., Mile End South SA, Australia
| | - Sam Abraham
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch WA, Australia
| | - Permal Deo
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, City East Campus, Playford P1-25, Adelaide SA, Australia
| | - Darren J. Trott
- Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy SA, Australia
- * E-mail: (DJT); (ST)
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149
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Majchrzycka K, Okrasa M, Jachowicz A, Szulc J, Brycki B, Gutarowska B. Application of Biocides and Super-Absorbing Polymers to Enhance the Efficiency of Filtering Materials. Molecules 2019; 24:E3339. [PMID: 31540285 PMCID: PMC6767095 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24183339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies on the functionalization of materials used for the construction of filtering facepiece respirators (FFRs) relate to endowing fibers with biocidal properties. There is also a real need for reducing moisture content accumulating in such materials during FFR use, as it would lead to decreased microorganism survival. Thus, in our study, we propose the use of superabsorbent polymers (SAPs), together with a biocidal agent (biohalloysite), as additives in the manufacturing of polypropylene/polyester (PP/PET) multifunctional filtering material (MFM). The aim of this study was to evaluate the MFM for stability of the modifier's attachment to the polymer matrix, the degree of survival of microorganisms on the nonwoven, and its microorganism filtration efficiency. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy were used to test the stability of the modifier's attachment. The filtration efficiency was determined under conditions of dynamic aerosol flow of S. aureus bacteria. The survival rates (N%) of the following microorganisms were assessed: Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria, Candida albicans yeast, and Aspergillus niger mold using the AATCC 100-2004 method. FTIR spectrum analysis confirmed the pre-established composition of MFM. The loss of the active substance from MFM in simulated conditions of use did not exceed 0.02%, which validated the stability of the modifier's attachment to the PP/PET fiber structure. SEM image analysis verified the uniformity of the MFM structure. Lower microorganism survival rates were detected for S. aureus, C. albicans, and E. coli on the MFM nonwoven compared to control samples that did not contain the modifiers. However, the MFM did not inhibit A. niger growth. The MFM also showed high filtration efficiency (99.86%) against S. aureus bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Majchrzycka
- Department of Personal Protective Equipment, Central Institute for Labour Protection-National Research Institute, 90-133 Łódź, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Okrasa
- Department of Personal Protective Equipment, Central Institute for Labour Protection-National Research Institute, 90-133 Łódź, Poland.
| | - Anita Jachowicz
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Lodz University of Technology, 90-924 Łódź, Poland.
| | - Justyna Szulc
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Lodz University of Technology, 90-924 Łódź, Poland.
| | - Bogumił Brycki
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, 60-780 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Beata Gutarowska
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Lodz University of Technology, 90-924 Łódź, Poland.
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150
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Kingsley DH, Annous BA. Evaluation of Steady-State Gaseous Chlorine Dioxide Treatment for the Inactivation of Tulane virus on Berry Fruits. Food Environ Virol 2019; 11:214-219. [PMID: 30949936 DOI: 10.1007/s12560-019-09382-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The effectiveness of steady-state levels of gaseous chlorine dioxide (ClO2) against Tulane virus (TV), a human norovirus surrogate, on berries was determined. The generated ClO2 was maintained at 1 mg/L inside a 269 L glove box to treat two 50 g batches of blueberries, raspberries, and blackberries, and two 100 g batches of strawberries that were immersion coated with TV. The standardized/normalized treatment concentrations of ClO2 ranging from 0.63 to 4.40 ppm-h/g berry were evaluated. When compared to untreated TV contaminated berries, log reductions of TV were in excess of 2.9 log PFU/g for all berry types and conditions tested, indicating that ClO2 was highly effective. In general, the efficacy of all ClO2 treatments on log reductions of TV on all berries was not significantly different (p < 0.05). The average log reduction with strawberries, raspberries, blueberries, and blackberries, treated with the lowest ClO2 concentration, 0.63 ppm-h/g, were 2.98, 3.40, 3.82, and 4.17 log PFU/g, respectively. Overall results suggest that constant levels of ClO2 could be quite effective against foodborne viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H Kingsley
- Food Safety and Intervention Technologies Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Delaware State University, 1200 DuPont Hwy, Dover, DE, 19901, USA
| | - Bassam A Annous
- Food Safety and Intervention Technologies Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA, 19038, USA.
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