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Du X, Choa FS, Chiappelli J, Bruce H, Kvarta M, Summerfelt A, Ma Y, Regenold WT, Walton K, Wittenberg GF, Hare S, Gao S, van der Vaart A, Zhao Z, Chen S, Kochunov P, Hong LE. Combining neuroimaging and brain stimulation to test alternative causal pathways for nicotine addiction in schizophrenia. Brain Stimul 2024; 17:324-332. [PMID: 38453003 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2024.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The smoking rate is high in patients with schizophrenia. Brain stimulation targeting conventional brain circuits associated with nicotine addiction has also yielded mixed results. We aimed to identify alternative circuitries associated with nicotine addiction in both the general population and schizophrenia, and then test whether modulation of such circuitries may alter nicotine addiction behaviors in schizophrenia. In Study I of 40 schizophrenia smokers and 51 non-psychiatric smokers, cross-sectional neuroimaging analysis identified resting state functional connectivity (rsFC) between the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) and multiple extended amygdala regions to be most robustly associated with nicotine addiction severity in healthy controls and schizophrenia patients (p = 0.006 to 0.07). In Study II with another 30 patient smokers, a proof-of-concept, patient- and rater-blind, randomized, sham-controlled rTMS design was used to test whether targeting the newly identified dmPFC location may causally enhance the rsFC and reduce nicotine addiction in schizophrenia. Although significant interactions were not observed, exploratory analyses showed that this dmPFC-extended amygdala rsFC was enhanced by 4-week active 10Hz rTMS (p = 0.05) compared to baseline; the severity of nicotine addiction showed trends of reduction after 3 and 4 weeks (p ≤ 0.05) of active rTMS compared to sham; Increased rsFC by active rTMS predicted reduction of cigarettes/day (R = -0.56, p = 0.025 uncorrected) and morning smoking severity (R = -0.59, p = 0.016 uncorrected). These results suggest that the dmPFC-extended amygdala circuit may be linked to nicotine addiction in schizophrenia and healthy individuals, and future efforts targeting its underlying pathophysiological mechanisms may yield more effective treatment for nicotine addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Du
- Louis A. Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Fow-Sen Choa
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joshua Chiappelli
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Heather Bruce
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mark Kvarta
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ann Summerfelt
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yizhou Ma
- Louis A. Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - William T Regenold
- Noninvasive Neuromodulation Unit, Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, Division of Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, NIH Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kevin Walton
- Clinical Research Grants Branch, Division of Therapeutics and Medical Consequences, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - George F Wittenberg
- Human Engineering Research Laboratories, VA RR&D Center of Excellence, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Rehabilitation Neural Engineering Laboratories, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Stephanie Hare
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Si Gao
- Louis A. Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Andrew van der Vaart
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Zhiwei Zhao
- Department of Mathematics, University of Maryland, College Park, USA
| | - Shuo Chen
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Peter Kochunov
- Louis A. Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - L Elliot Hong
- Louis A. Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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152
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Liang C, Pan W, Zhou Z, Liu X. Identification of prognostic biomarkers of smoking-related lung cancer. J Thorac Dis 2024; 16:1438-1449. [PMID: 38505085 PMCID: PMC10944783 DOI: 10.21037/jtd-23-1890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Background The early diagnosis and effective prognostic treatment measures for lung cancer are still limited, leading to a 5-year survival rate of less than 15% for these patients. Smoking is one of the causes of lung cancer, but it is not the initial carcinogenic factor. It is not clear what specific mechanism cigarette induces lung cancer, and there is a lack of research on the relationship between related genes and the prognosis of patients with smoking lung cancer. The objective of this study was to provide new theoretical evidence and potential therapeutic targets for the mechanisms of smoking-related lung cancer formation. Methods The gene expression profile data from the GSE12428 dataset which includes 63 lung cancer and normal tissue pairs were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, and data from smokers with lung cancer [both lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC)] from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database were analyzed. The differential genes in smokers with lung cancer were screened using the linear model for microarray data via R software. The differential gene enrichment analysis was performed using the online analysis software Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID). The expression levels of differential genes and their correlation with patient tumor clinical stage were analyzed using gene expression profiling interactive analysis (GEPIA). The overall survival rate was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier curves. Results In the GSE12428 dataset, 225 upregulated genes and 565 downregulated genes were identified in cancer tissues; based on smoking status, 1 upregulated gene and 4 downregulated genes were identified. Among smokers who also had lung cancer, 4 genes were downregulated, namely CSH1, BPIFA1, SLPI, and SCGB3A1. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis revealed that these genes were mainly associated with biological functions such as antibacterial response, humoral immune response, and response to external stimuli. Among them, BPIFA1, SLPI, and SCGB3A1 expression was decreased in lung cancer tissues, with SCGB3A1 showing significant differences. Additionally, high expression of SCGB3A1 was associated with favorable prognosis in patients with lung cancer. Conclusions Three genes BPIFA1, SLPI and SCGB3A1, were identified as being associated with smokers with lung cancer, with SCGB3A1 showing a close correlation with patient prognosis. These findings provide potential new targets for the treatment of lung cancer. Certainly, this study needs to more investigate the mechanism of these genes regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Liang
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Lab for Noncoding RNA & Cancer, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Pan
- Lab for Noncoding RNA & Cancer, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhijun Zhou
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaomin Liu
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Lab for Noncoding RNA & Cancer, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
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153
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Smith S, Lally P, Steptoe A, Chavez-Ugalde Y, Beeken RJ, Fisher A. Prevalence of loneliness and associations with health behaviours and body mass index in 5835 people living with and beyond cancer: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:635. [PMID: 38419011 PMCID: PMC10903019 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-17797-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A cancer diagnosis and its treatment may be an especially isolating experience. Despite evidence that positive health behaviours can improve outcomes for people living with and beyond cancer (LWBC), no studies have examined associations between loneliness and different health behaviours in this population. This study aimed to describe the prevalence of loneliness in a large sample of UK adults LWBC and to explore whether loneliness was associated with multiple health behaviours. METHODS Participants were adults (aged ≥ 18 years) diagnosed with breast, prostate or colorectal cancer who completed the Health and Lifestyle After Cancer Survey. Loneliness was reported using the UCLA loneliness score, dichotomised into higher (≥ 6) versus lower (< 6) loneliness. Engagement in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, dietary intake, smoking status, alcohol use, and self-reported height and weight were recorded. Behaviours were coded to reflect meeting or not meeting the World Cancer Research Fund recommendations for people LWBC. Logistic regression analyses explored associations between loneliness and health behaviours. Covariates were age, sex, ethnicity, education, marital status, living situation, cancer type, spread and treatment, time since treatment, time since diagnosis and number of comorbid conditions. Multiple imputation was used to account for missing data. RESULTS 5835 participants, mean age 67.4 (standard deviation = 11.8) years, completed the survey. 56% were female (n = 3266) and 44% (n = 2553) male, and 48% (n = 2786) were living with or beyond breast cancer, 32% (n = 1839) prostate, and 21% (n = 1210) colorectal. Of 5485 who completed the loneliness scale, 81% (n = 4423) of participants reported lower and 19% (n = 1035) higher loneliness. After adjustment for confounders, those reporting higher levels of loneliness had lower odds of meeting the WCRF recommendations for moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (Odds Ratio [OR] 0.78, 95% Confidence Internal [CI], 0.67, 0.97, p =.028), fruit and vegetable intake (OR 0.81, CI 0.67, 1.00, p =.046), and smoking (OR 0.62, 0.46, 0.84, p =.003). No association was observed between loneliness and the other dietary behaviours, alcohol, or body mass index. CONCLUSIONS Loneliness is relatively common in people LWBC and may represent an unmet need. People LWBC who experience higher levels of loneliness may need additional support to improve their health behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Smith
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, Gower Street, WC1E 6BT, London, UK
| | - Phillippa Lally
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Surrey, GU2 7XH, Guildford, Surrey, UK
| | - Andrew Steptoe
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, Gower Street, WC1E 6BT, London, UK
| | - Yanaina Chavez-Ugalde
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, CB2 0QQ, Cambridge, Box 285, UK
| | - Rebecca J Beeken
- Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, Leeds, UK
| | - Abi Fisher
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, Gower Street, WC1E 6BT, London, UK.
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154
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Stevens ER, Mead-Morse EL, Labib K, Kahn LG, Choi S, Sherman SE, Oncken C, Williams NJ, Loney T, Shahawy OE. Prevalence and factors associated with second hand smoke exposure among a sample of pregnant women in Cairo, Egypt. BMC Womens Health 2024; 24:145. [PMID: 38409025 PMCID: PMC10898124 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-023-02821-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study estimated the prevalence of and factors associated with secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure, and assessed attitudes and knowledge about SHS among pregnant women in Cairo, Egypt. METHODS Pregnant women in the third trimester were recruited to participate in a survey assessing tobacco smoking and SHS exposure during their current pregnancy. Participants were recruited from three antenatal clinics in Cairo, Egypt, from June 2015 to May 2016. We examined differences in sociodemographic characteristics and SHS exposure, attitudes, and knowledge by smoking/SHS status. We used multivariable ordinary least squares regression to examine the association between husbands' smoking and pregnant women's mean daily hours of SHS exposure, adjusting for women's smoking status, age group, education, and urban (vs. suburban/rural) residence. RESULTS Of two hundred pregnant women aged 16-37 years, about two-thirds (69%) had a husband who smoked tobacco. During their current pregnancy, most women reported being non-smokers (71%), and 38% of non-smokers reported being SHS-exposed. Non-smokers exposed to SHS tended to live in more rural areas and have husbands who smoked in the home. In adjusted analyses, having a husband who smoked was significantly associated with a greater mean number of hours of SHS exposure per day exposed, and this difference was driven by husbands who smoked in the home (p < 0.001). Women in the SHS-exposed group were less likely than other groups to agree that SHS exposure was harmful to their own or their future child's health; however, all groups agreed that SHS was harmful to newborn health. CONCLUSION Among our sample of pregnant women in Cairo, Egypt, there was a high rate of SHS exposure as well as misconceptions about the safety of SHS exposure to a developing fetus. Our findings suggest a need for targeted education and gender-sensitive messaging about SHS exposure, along with improved enforcement of existing tobacco control policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth R Stevens
- Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Erin L Mead-Morse
- Department of Medicine, UConn Health School of Medicine, Connecticut, USA
| | - Kareem Labib
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ain Shams University School of Medicine, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Linda G Kahn
- Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Sugy Choi
- Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Scott E Sherman
- Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Public Health Research Center, New York University in Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Cheryl Oncken
- Department of Medicine, UConn Health School of Medicine, Connecticut, USA
| | - Natasha J Williams
- Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tom Loney
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai Health, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Omar El Shahawy
- Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Public Health Research Center, New York University in Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
- School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, USA.
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155
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Zvolensky MJ, Shepherd JM, Clausen BK, Robison J, Cano MÁ, de Dios M, Correa-Fernández V. Posttraumatic stress and probable post traumatic stress disorder as it relates to smoking behavior and beliefs among trauma exposed hispanic persons who smoke. J Behav Med 2024:10.1007/s10865-024-00480-8. [PMID: 38409553 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-024-00480-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
There has been little scientific effort to evaluate the associations between cigarette smoking and cessation-related constructs and exposure to traumatic events, posttraumatic stress, and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptoms among Hispanic persons who smoke in the United States (US). Such trauma-related factors may pose unique difficulties for Hispanic persons who smoke and possess a desire to quit. As such, the present investigation sought to fill this gap in the literature and examine posttraumatic stress and probable PTSD in terms of their relations with several clinically significant smoking constructs among trauma-exposed Hispanic persons who smoke from the United States. Participants included 228 Spanish-speaking Hispanic persons who endorsed prior traumatic event exposure and smoked combustible cigarettes daily (58.3% female, Mage= 32.1 years, SD = 9.65). Results indicated that posttraumatic stress symptoms were related to increased cigarette dependence, perceived barriers for smoking cessation, and more severe problems when trying to quit with effect sizes ranging from small to moderate in adjusted models. Additionally, Hispanic persons who smoke with probable PTSD compared to those without probable PTSD showcased a statistically effect for perceived barriers for cessation (p < .008) and a severity of problems when trying to quit (p < .001). No effect was evident for cigarette dependence after alpha correction. Overall, the present study offers novel empirical evidence related to the role of posttraumatic stress symptoms and PTSD among Hispanic persons who smoke in the US. Such findings highlight the need to expand this line of research to better understand the role of posttraumatic stress and PTSD among Hispanic persons who smoke which can inform smoking cessation treatments for Hispanic persons who smoke experiencing trauma-related symptomology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Zvolensky
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, 3695 Cullen Blvd., Room 126, 77204, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Behavioral Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
- HEALTH Institute, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Justin M Shepherd
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, 3695 Cullen Blvd., Room 126, 77204, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bryce K Clausen
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, 3695 Cullen Blvd., Room 126, 77204, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jillian Robison
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, 3695 Cullen Blvd., Room 126, 77204, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Miguel Ángel Cano
- Peter O'Donnell Jr. School of Public Health, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA
| | - Marcel de Dios
- Department of Psychological, Health, and Learning Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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156
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Peng K, Liu Q, Wang N, Wang L, Duan X, Ding D. Association between smoking and alcohol drinking and benign adrenal tumors: a Mendelian randomization study. Endocrine 2024:10.1007/s12020-024-03714-6. [PMID: 38409624 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-024-03714-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, the detection rate of adrenal tumors has increased, but it is unclear whether smoking and alcohol drinking are risk factors for benign adrenal tumors. The objective of this study is to employ Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to explore the causal relationship between smoking, alcohol drinking and susceptibility to benign adrenal tumors. METHODS We acquired large-scale data from publicly accessible databases on genome-wide association studies (GWAS) pertaining to smoking, alcohol drinking and benign adrenal tumors. A total of 11 sets of instrumental variables (IVs) and 281 associated single nucleotide polymorphic (SNP) loci were identified. The Mendelian randomization analyses were conducted using inverse variance weighting (IVW), MR-Egger regression and weighted median estimation (WME) methods, in addition to sensitivity analyses. RESULTS There is no causal relationship between smoking status, alcohol drinking status, alcohol intake frequency, alcohol taken with meals, alcohol consumption and benign adrenal tumors, while pack years of smoking and cigarettes per day are risk factors for benign adrenal tumors. The IVW analysis revealed that both the pack years of smoking and cigarettes per day were positively associated with an increased risk of benign adrenal tumors (OR = 2.853, 95%CI = 1.384-5.878, p = 0.004; OR = 1.543, 95%CI = 1.147-2.076, p = 0.004). Two SNPs (rs8042849 in the analysis of pack years of smoking and rs8034191 in the analysis of cigarettes per day) significantly drove the observed causal effects. CONCLUSION Two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis showed a causal effect between smoking but not alcohol consumption and benign adrenal tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Peng
- Department of Urology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Qingyuan Liu
- Department of Urology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Urology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Lingdian Wang
- Department of Urology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Xiaoyu Duan
- Department of Urology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Degang Ding
- Department of Urology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, China.
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157
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Inomata S, Arima H, Fukuda T, Ozawa H, Yamamoto T. Smoking and diabetes cause telomere shortening among alcohol use disorder patients. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4701. [PMID: 38409427 PMCID: PMC10897475 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55195-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The length of telomeres located at the ends of chromosomes has attracted attention as an indicator of cellular and individual aging. Various diseases or stresses cause telomere shortening, and it has been reported that alcohol use disorder patients actually have shorter telomeres than healthy patients. However, the factors that contribute to the reduction in telomere length among alcohol use disorder patients have not been clarified in detail. Therefore, in this study, we explored the factors that reduce telomere length in alcohol use disorder patients. A questionnaire survey and a measurement of leukocyte telomere length were conducted among alcohol use disorder patients. The mean telomere length of leukocyte was measured by ∆∆Ct analysis using a real-time PCR. We compared the telomere length between alcohol use disorder patients and the control group (Japanese special health check-up examinee). Moreover, we searched for factors associated with telomere length from drinking/smoking characteristics and history of comorbidities. A total of 74 subjects had alcohol use disorder, and 68 were in the control group. Compared to the control group, alcohol use disorder patients had significantly shorter telomere lengths (p < 0.001). A multivariate analysis revealed that a longer duration of smoking resulted in a significantly shorter telomere length (p = 0.0129). In addition, a comparison of the telomere length between the groups with and without a history of suffering from each disease revealed that telomere length was significantly shorter in the group with diabetes than in the group without diabetes (p = 0.0371). This study reveals that in individuals with alcohol dependence, particularly, prolonged smoking habits and the presence of diabetes contribute to telomere shortening. Medication and support for abstinence from alcohol has been mainly provided for alcohol use disorder patients. Our findings demonstrate a potential support approach via smoking cessation programs and controlling diabetes, which may be helpful to suppress the shortening of healthy life expectancy among alcohol use disorder patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinsaku Inomata
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of International Health and Medical Anthropology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Arima
- Department of International Health and Medical Anthropology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan.
| | | | - Hiroki Ozawa
- Department of Global Mental Health Science, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Taro Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of International Health and Medical Anthropology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
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158
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Krafcik BM, Stone DH, Cai M, Jarmel IA, Eid M, Goodney PP, Columbo JA, Mayo Smith MF. Changes in global mortality from aortic aneurysm. J Vasc Surg 2024:S0741-5214(24)00402-6. [PMID: 38408686 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2024.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Globally, there has been a marked increase in aortic aneurysm-related deaths between 1990 and 2019. We sought to understand the underlying etiologies for this mortality trend by examining secular changes in both demographics and the prevalence of risk factors, and how these changes may vary across sociodemographic index (SDI) regions. METHODS We queried the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) for aortic aneurysm deaths from 1990 to 2019 overall and by age group. We identified the percentage of aortic aneurysm deaths attributable to each risk factor identified by GBD modeling (smoking, hypertension, lead exposure, and high sodium diet) and their respective changes over time. We then analyzed aneurysm mortality by SDI region. RESULTS The number of aortic aneurysm-related deaths have increased from 94,968 in 1990 to 172,427 in 2019, signifying an 81.6% increase, which greatly exceeds the 18.2% increase in all-cause mortality observed over the same time interval. Examination of age-specific mortality demonstrated that the number of aortic aneurysm deaths markedly correlated with advancing age. However, when considering rate of death rather than mortality count, overall age-standardized death rates decreased 18% from 2.72 per 100,000 in 1990 to 2.21 per 100,000 in 2019. Analysis of the specific risk factors associated with aneurysm death revealed that the percentage of deaths attributable to smoking decreased from 45.6% in 1990 to 34.6% in 2019, and deaths attributable to hypertension decreased from 38.7% to 34.7%. Globally, hypertension surpassed smoking as the leading risk factor. The reported rate of death was consistently greater as SDI increased, and this effect was most pronounced among low-middle and middle SDI regions (173.2% and 170.4%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Despite an overall increase in the number of aneurysm deaths, there was a decrease in the age-standardized death rate, demonstrating that the observed increased number of aortic aneurysm deaths between 1990 and 2019 was primarily driven by an overall increase in the age of the global population. Fortunately, it appears that the increase in overall aneurysm-related deaths has been modulated by improved risk factor modification, in particular smoking. Given the rise in aneurysm-related deaths, global expansion of vascular specialty capabilities is warranted and will serve to amplify improvements in population-based aneurysm health achieved with risk factor control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna M Krafcik
- Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Heart and Vascular Center, Lebanon, NH; VA Outcomes Group, White River Junction VA Medical Center, White River Junction, VT.
| | - David H Stone
- Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Heart and Vascular Center, Lebanon, NH; Department of Vascular Surgery, White River Junction VA Medical Center, White River Junction, VT
| | - Ming Cai
- Department of General Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH
| | - Isabel A Jarmel
- Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth University, Hanover, NH
| | - Mark Eid
- Department of General Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH
| | - Philip P Goodney
- Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Heart and Vascular Center, Lebanon, NH; VA Outcomes Group, White River Junction VA Medical Center, White River Junction, VT; Department of Vascular Surgery, White River Junction VA Medical Center, White River Junction, VT
| | - Jesse A Columbo
- Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Heart and Vascular Center, Lebanon, NH; VA Outcomes Group, White River Junction VA Medical Center, White River Junction, VT; Department of Vascular Surgery, White River Junction VA Medical Center, White River Junction, VT
| | - Michael F Mayo Smith
- VA Outcomes Group, White River Junction VA Medical Center, White River Junction, VT; Department of Medicine, White River Junction VA Medical Center, White River Junction, VT
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Ahola J, Kekäläinen T, Kinnunen ML, Tolvanen A, Pitkänen T, Pulkkinen L, Saajanaho M, Kokko K. Stability in health behavior patterns in middle adulthood: a 19-year follow-up study. Psychol Health 2024:1-21. [PMID: 38389311 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2024.2316676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Objective: This study investigated subgroups of adults with particular health behavior patterns, their stability over 19 years, and the role of sociodemographic and personality characteristics in these. Methods and Measures: Data on smoking, alcohol consumption, and physical activity were collected at ages 42, 50, and 61 in the Jyväskylä Longitudinal Study of Personality and Social Development (n = 205-302). Latent class, latent transition, and logistic regression analyses were used. Results: Four similar classes of health behaviors were identified at each age. A class named low alcohol consumption (AC)-high physical activity (PA) included individuals with the lowest levels of alcohol consumption and the highest levels of physical activity, and a class named high AC-low PA vice versa. Classes between these extremes of alcohol consumption and physical activity levels were nonsmokers with the lowest proportion of smokers, and smokers vice versa. Although transitions emerged, class memberships were relatively stable. Women, those who were married, held a degree, had higher occupational status, and certain personality traits at age 42 were more likely to belong continuously to healthier classes compared to a stable membership in high AC-low PA. Conclusion: Health behaviors exist in patterns, are relatively stable across adulthood, and associated with sociodemographic and personality characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Ahola
- Gerontology Research Center and Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Tiia Kekäläinen
- Gerontology Research Center and Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Marja-Liisa Kinnunen
- The Wellbeing Services County of Central Finland, Jyväskylä, Finland
- School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Asko Tolvanen
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | | | - Lea Pulkkinen
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Milla Saajanaho
- Gerontology Research Center and Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Katja Kokko
- Gerontology Research Center and Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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Oberste M, Asenova T, Ernst A, Shah-Hosseini K, Schnörch N, Buess M, Rosenberger KD, Kossow A, Dewald F, Neuhann F, Hellmich M. Results of the Cologne Corona Surveillance (CoCoS) project- a cross-sectional study: survey data on risk factors of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and moderate-to-severe course in primarily immunized adults. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:548. [PMID: 38383381 PMCID: PMC10882740 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-17958-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, vaccination has been a crucial strategy for mitigating transmission and disease severity. However, vaccine-effectiveness may be influenced by various factors, including booster vaccination, as well as personal factors such as age, sex, BMI, smoking, and comorbidities. To investigate the potential effects of these factors on SARS-CoV-2 infection and disease severity, we analyzed data from the third round of the Cologne Corona Surveillance (CoCoS) project, a large cross-sectional survey. METHODS The study was conducted mid-February to mid-March 2022 in Cologne, Germany. A random sample of 10,000 residents aged 18 years and older were invited to participate in an online survey. Information on participants' demographics (age, sex), SARS-CoV-2 infections, vaccination status, smoking, and preexisting medical conditions were collected. The outcomes of the study were: (1) the occurrence of SARS-CoV-2 infection despite vaccination (breakthrough infection) and (2) the occurrence of moderate-to-severe disease as a result of a breakthrough infection. Cox proportional-hazards regression was used to investigate possible associations between the presence/absence of booster vaccination, personal factors and the occurrence of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Associations with moderate-to-severe infection were analyzed using the Fine and Gray subdistribution hazard model. RESULTS A sample of 2,991 residents responded to the questionnaire. A total of 2,623 primary immunized participants were included in the analysis of breakthrough infection and 2,618 in the analysis of SARS-CoV-2 infection severity after exclusions due to incomplete data. The multivariable results show that booster vaccination (HR = 0.613, 95%CI 0.415-0.823) and older age (HR = 0.974, 95%CI 0.966-0.981) were associated with a reduced hazard of breakthrough infection. Regarding the severity of breakthrough infection, older age was associated with a lower risk of moderate-to-severe breakthrough infection (HR = 0.962, 95%CI0.949-0.977). Female sex (HR = 2.570, 95%CI1.435-4.603), smoking (HR = 1.965, 95%CI1.147-3.367) and the presence of chronic lung disease (HR = 2.826, 95%CI1.465-5.450) were associated with an increased hazard of moderate-to-severe breakthrough infection. CONCLUSION The results provide a first indication of which factors may be associated with SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection and moderate-to-severe course of infection despite vaccination. However, the retrospective nature of the study and risk of bias in the reporting of breakthrough infection severity limit the strength of the results. TRIAL REGISTRATION DRKS.de, German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS), Identifier: DRKS00024046, Registered on 25 February 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Oberste
- Institute of Medical Statistics and Computational Biology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Straße 10, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Teodora Asenova
- Institute of Medical Statistics and Computational Biology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Straße 10, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Angela Ernst
- Institute of Medical Statistics and Computational Biology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Straße 10, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Kija Shah-Hosseini
- Institute of Medical Statistics and Computational Biology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Straße 10, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Nadja Schnörch
- Institute of Medical Statistics and Computational Biology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Straße 10, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Kerstin Daniela Rosenberger
- Institute of Medical Statistics and Computational Biology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Straße 10, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Annelene Kossow
- Cologne Health Authority, Cologne, Germany
- Institute of Hygiene, University Hospital of Muenster, University Muenster, Robert-Koch-Straße 49, 48149, Muenster, Germany
| | - Felix Dewald
- Institute of Virology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Fürst-Pückler-Straße 56, 50935, Cologne, Germany
| | - Florian Neuhann
- Cologne Health Authority, Cologne, Germany
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- School of Medicine and Clinical Sciences, Levy Mwanawasa Medical University, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Martin Hellmich
- Institute of Medical Statistics and Computational Biology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Straße 10, 50931, Cologne, Germany.
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Zong H, Hu Z, Li W, Wang M, Zhou Q, Li X, Liu H. Electronic cigarettes and cardiovascular disease: epidemiological and biological links. Pflugers Arch 2024:10.1007/s00424-024-02925-0. [PMID: 38376568 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-024-02925-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes), as alternative nicotine delivery methods, has rapidly increased among youth and adults in recent years. However, cardiovascular safety is an important consideration regarding e-cigarettes usage. e-cigarette emissions, including nicotine, propylene glycol, flavorings, nitrosamine, and metals, might have adverse effects on cardiovascular health. A large body of epidemiological evidence has indicated that e-cigarettes are considered an independent risk factor for increased rates of cardiovascular disease occurrence and death. The incidence and mortality of various types of cardiovascular disease, such as cardiac arrhythmia, hypertension, acute coronary syndromes, and heart failure, have a modest growth in vapers (users of e-cigarettes). Although the underlying biological mechanisms have not been fully understood, studies have validated that oxidative stress, inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, atherosclerosis, hemodynamic effects, and platelet function play important roles in which e-cigarettes work in the human body. This minireview consolidates and discusses the epidemiological and biological links between e-cigarettes and various types of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqi Zong
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100010, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Zhekai Hu
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Weina Li
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Mina Wang
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100010, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100010, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100010, China.
| | - Hongxu Liu
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100010, China.
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162
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Aw JYH, Heris C, Maddox R, Joshy G, Banks Am E. Who smokes in Australia? Cross-sectional analysis of Australian Bureau of Statistics survey data, 2017-19. Med J Aust 2024; 220:154-163. [PMID: 38368552 DOI: 10.5694/mja2.52216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the socio-demographic and health-related characteristics of people who smoke daily, people who formerly smoked, and people who have never smoked in Australia. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional analysis of Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) survey data. SETTING, PARTICIPANTS Adult participants (16 370 people aged 18 years or older) in the ABS 2017-18 National Health Survey (NHS); adult participants in the ABS 2018-19 National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Survey (NATSIHS) (6423 people aged 18 years or older). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Socio-demographic and health-related characteristics of people who smoke daily, people who formerly smoked, and people who have never smoked, expressed as population-weighted proportions, overall and by Indigeneity. RESULTS Among adult NHS respondents, an estimated 58.8% of people who smoked daily (95% confidence interval [CI], 56.2-61.4%) were men, 61.3% (95% CI, 58.7-63.9%) were 25-54 years old, 72.5% (95% CI, 70.0-74.8%) were born in Australia, and 65.4% (95% CI, 62.8-67.8%) lived in major cities and 54.3% (95% CI, 51.6-57.0%) in areas in the two socio-economically most disadvantaged quintiles; 75.9% (95% CI, 73.5-78.1%) reported good to excellent health, 73.0% (95% CI, 70.5-75.4%) reported low to moderate psychological distress, 69.0% of those aged 25-64 years (ie, of working age) had completed year 12 (high school), and 68.5% were currently employed. An estimated 2.57 million people smoke daily in Australia: 2.37 million non-Indigenous people (92%) and 195 700 Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander people (8%). CONCLUSIONS While smoking is more frequent among people living in socio-economically disadvantaged areas and in certain population sub-groups, this first quantitative national profile indicates that most people who smoke daily are in paid employment, are non-Indigenous, are in good physical and mental health, and have completed year 12. Improved comprehensive structural supply- and demand-based tobacco control, informed by the needs of priority groups and the overall profile of people who smoke, is needed to reduce daily smoking prevalence among adults to the 2030 targets of 5% or less for all Australians and 27% or less for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Yi Han Aw
- National Centre of Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT
| | - Christina Heris
- National Centre of Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT
| | - Raglan Maddox
- National Centre of Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT
| | - Grace Joshy
- National Centre of Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT
| | - Emily Banks Am
- National Centre of Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT
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163
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Freeman B, Daube M. Reaching everyone: tobacco control must remain a health priority. Med J Aust 2024; 220:136-137. [PMID: 38368553 DOI: 10.5694/mja2.52214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Becky Freeman
- School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW
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164
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Smith P, Murray RL, Crosbie PA. Integrated stop smoking interventions are essential to maximise the health benefits from lung cancer screening. Thorax 2024; 79:198-199. [PMID: 38216316 DOI: 10.1136/thorax-2023-221037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Smith
- Division of Population Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - Philip A Crosbie
- Division of Immunology, Immunity to Infection and Respiratory Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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165
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Zhang S, Gao Z, Wu L, Zhong Y, Gao H, Tao FB, Wu X. Global patterns of asthma burden related to environmental risk factors during 1990-2019: an age-period-cohort analysis for global burden of disease study 2019. Environ Health 2024; 23:20. [PMID: 38355550 PMCID: PMC10868053 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-024-01060-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Change in asthma burden attributed to specific environmental risk factor has not been evaluated. OBJECTIVE We aimed to explore the age, period, and cohort effects on asthma burden attributable to smoking and occupational asthmagens in different socio-demographic index (SDI) regions and the region and sex disparities. METHODS Risk factor-specific asthma deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) rates were extracted from Global Burden of Disease study 2019, estimated by standard Combined Cause of Death Model and DisMod-MR 2.1 modeling tool. Age-period-cohort analysis was conducted to decompose age, period, and cohort effects on asthma burden. RESULTS Smoking- and occupational asthmagens-related asthma deaths and DALYs rates dropped by > 45% during 1990-2019. In 2019, Africa, South and Southeast Asia had higher asthma burden than other regions. Male had higher asthma burden than female. Among nearly all age groups, low-middle SDI region had the highest smoking-related asthma burden, and low SDI region had the highest occupational asthmagens-related asthma burden. Inverse "V" shaped trend was observed in the above regions with increasing age. For smoking-related asthma deaths and DALYs rates, the most significant improvement of period rate ratio (RR) occurred in high SDI region, decreased from 1.67 (1.61, 1.74) to 0.34 (0.33, 0.36) and 1.61 (1.57, 1.66) to 0.59 (0.57, 0.61), respectively, as well as the cohort effect on smoking-related asthma burden. For occupational asthmagens-related asthma deaths and DALYs rates, the most sharply decrease of period and cohort RR appeared in the high and high-middle SDI regions. Low SDI region showed least progress in period and cohort RR of smoking- and occupational asthmagens-linked asthma burden. CONCLUSION Smoking- and occupational asthmagens-related asthma burden sharply decreases, but region and sex disparities exist. Policy makers from low SDI region should reinforce tobacco control and prioritize workplace protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siying Zhang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health across the Life Course, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Zongshi Gao
- The First Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Lihong Wu
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Yumei Zhong
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Hui Gao
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No 218 Jixi Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, China
| | - Fang-Biao Tao
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health across the Life Course, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Xiulong Wu
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China.
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China.
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health across the Life Course, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China.
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166
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Wang Z, Zheng Q, O'Brien JW, Tscharke BJ, Chan G, Thomas KV, Mueller JF, Thai PK. Analysis of wastewater from 2013 to 2021 detected a recent increase in nicotine use in Queensland, Australia. Water Res 2024; 250:121040. [PMID: 38154341 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.121040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Previous wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) studies have reported decreasing trends of nicotine and tobacco use in Australia before 2017, but there is concern that increasing illicit use of nicotine in vaping products and illicit tobacco could reverse this progress. This study aimed to assess temporal trends of nicotine consumption and specifically tobacco consumption via wastewater analysis in a population in Australia between 2013 and 2021. One week of daily wastewater samples were analyzed every two months from February 2013 to December 2021 in a regional city serving ∼100,000 people. A total of 340 daily samples were analyzed for anabasine (tobacco specific biomarker) and nicotine metabolites, cotinine and hydroxycotinine, using direct injection method by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. Daily consumption estimates were calculated from daily flow data, population estimates and previously reported excretion factors. Linear spline regression was performed to identify periods when significant change of slopes occurred and to evaluate the temporal trends. Tobacco use monitored using anabasine as a biomarker, showed a decreasing trend over the whole period with a higher rate of decrease during the first two years (2013-2014, 21 % decrease) compared to the later 7 years (2015-2021, 10 % decrease). Nicotine use, monitored using cotinine and hydroxycotinine, showed a downward trend between 2013 and 2018 (2013-2014: 18 % decrease, p < 0.05; 2015-2016: 6 % increase, p = 0.48; Feb-Dec 2017: 15 % decrease, p = 0.39) followed by a significant increase from 2018 to 2021 (40 % increase, p < 0.001). This finding suggests the increasing use of non-tobacco nicotine-based products. Additionally, the tobacco use estimate by wastewater analysis was higher than the tobacco sales data, which suggests the use of illicit tobacco in the catchment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Wang
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Qiuda Zheng
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia.
| | - Jake W O'Brien
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Benjamin J Tscharke
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Gary Chan
- Center for Youth Substance Abuse Research, The university of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Kevin V Thomas
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Jochen F Mueller
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Phong K Thai
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
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Rayman S, Ross S, Sucandy I, Mikhail K, Christodoulou M, Pattilachan T, Rosemurgy A. The effects of smoking history on robotic transhiatal esophagectomy patient outcomes. J Robot Surg 2024; 18:76. [PMID: 38353887 DOI: 10.1007/s11701-024-01829-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Esophageal resection for the treatment of esophageal cancer generally entails high rates of morbidity and mortality. Patients with a smoking history have increased post-operative complications following esophagectomy. This study was undertaken to determine how smoking or a history of smoking can affect perioperative outcomes and morbidity following robotic transhiatal esophagectomy. 75 patients were prospectively followed and divided; 44 patients actively smoking or with a history of significant smoking were classified as 'smokers', while the other 31 patients were classified as 'non-smokers'. Significance was determined at a p-value of ≤ 0.05 and data are presented as median (mean ± SD). 'Smokers' averaged 70(70 ± 7.8) years, 89% male, with 82% undergoing neoadjuvant therapy. 'Nonsmokers' averaged 68(69 ± 7.8) years, 74% male, and 74% receiving neoadjuvant therapy. BMI and ASA class showed no significant difference between the cohorts. 'Smokers' had an operative time of 341(343 ± 91.0) minutes and a blood loss of 150(191 ± 140.0) mL; 'nonsmokers' had 291(298 ± 65.9) minutes and 100(140 ± 120.9) mL, respectively (p = 0.02 for operative time). Tumor size and AJCC staging were similar for both cohorts. No significant differences were noted in postoperative complications, Clavien-Dindo score ≥ III, in-hospital mortality, length of stay, or 30-day readmissions. Survival rates were comparable. Hospital costs for 'smokers' were $33,131(41,091 ± 23,465.17) and $34,896 (62,154 ± 65,839.53) for 'nonsmokers' (p = 0.05). Profit/loss was $-23,155 (- 15,137 ± 35,819.29) for smokers and $-23,720 (- 16,716 ± 50,864.64) for nonsmokers. Current or past 'smokers' had longer operative times and lower costs following robotic transhiatal esophagectomy, with no significant difference in postoperative complications or survival compared to 'non-smokers'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shlomi Rayman
- Digestive Health Institute, AdventHealth Tampa, 3000 Medical Park Drive, Suite#500, Tampa, FL, 33613, USA
- Department of General Surgery, Assuta Ashdod Public Hospital, Ashdod, Israel
- Affiliated with the Faculty of Health and Science, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheba, Israel
| | - Sharona Ross
- Digestive Health Institute, AdventHealth Tampa, 3000 Medical Park Drive, Suite#500, Tampa, FL, 33613, USA.
| | - Iswanto Sucandy
- Digestive Health Institute, AdventHealth Tampa, 3000 Medical Park Drive, Suite#500, Tampa, FL, 33613, USA
| | - Katherine Mikhail
- Digestive Health Institute, AdventHealth Tampa, 3000 Medical Park Drive, Suite#500, Tampa, FL, 33613, USA
| | - Maria Christodoulou
- Digestive Health Institute, AdventHealth Tampa, 3000 Medical Park Drive, Suite#500, Tampa, FL, 33613, USA
| | - Tara Pattilachan
- Digestive Health Institute, AdventHealth Tampa, 3000 Medical Park Drive, Suite#500, Tampa, FL, 33613, USA
| | - Alexander Rosemurgy
- Digestive Health Institute, AdventHealth Tampa, 3000 Medical Park Drive, Suite#500, Tampa, FL, 33613, USA
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Park H, Jeong H, Yim HW, Bae S. Associations of active and passive tobacco exposure with elevated blood pressure in Korean adolescents. Epidemiol Health 2024; 46:e2024028. [PMID: 38374705 DOI: 10.4178/epih.e2024028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To test the hypothesis that tobacco exposure is associated with elevated blood pressure (EBP) in Korean adolescents, and that the association is dose dependent. METHODS This cross-sectional study used data from the 2011-2020 Korea National Health and Nutrition Survey (KNHANES). Subjects were eligible if they were 13-18 years at the time of participation in KNHANES. Tobacco exposure was defined by urine cotinine level. The main outcomes were EBP and hypertension. Statistical analyses were conducted using SAS version 9.4 with appropriate sampling weights to account for the complex survey design, stratification, and cluster variable. RESULTS A total of 2,518 adolescents was included in the analysis, representing 2.5 million Korean adolescents. The mean± standard deviation participant age was 15.3±1.7 years, and 55.3% were male. The number of participants with active tobacco smoke exposure was 283 (11.2%), passive tobacco smoke exposure was 145 (5.8%), and no smoke exposure was 2,090 (83.0%). Analysis of the 2,518 urine-cotinine-verified participants showed that tobacco smoke exposure had a significant effect on EBP: with an odds of elevated blood pressure of 3.00 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.14 to 7.89). The odds of hypertension were 3.61 (95% CI, 1.13 to 11.49) in the active smoking group compared with the no tobacco exposure group after adjustment for potential confounders. CONCLUSIONS It is necessary to present a range of public health plans to reduce tobacco exposure that affects adolescents' blood pressure, and further research with a larger number of participants using urine cotinine as a biomarker is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyerin Park
- Graduate School of Public Health and Healthcare Management, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyunsuk Jeong
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeon Woo Yim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sanghyuk Bae
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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169
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Samman M, Scott T, Sohn W. The Effect of Marijuana- Smoking on Dental Caries Experience. Int Dent J 2024:S0020-6539(24)00033-9. [PMID: 38355392 DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2024.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This cross-sectional study aims to examine the effect of marijuana-smoking on dental caries experience and to explore the potential combined effects of tobacco and marijuana cigarette-smoking. METHODS We used data from the 2011-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). We examined demographics, tobacco- and marijuana-smoking, dental examination, and dietary intake. Caries was measured as decayed, missing, filled teeth (DMFT). Data analysis included univariate, bivariate analyses, and linear regression model (LRM) to examine the association between marijuana-smoking and DMFT. RESULTS Mean DMFT score was lowest for nonsmokers (8.72) and highest for current marijuana smokers (9.87) (P < .0001); however, LRM results revealed that marijuana-smoking was not associated with caries. Adjusted DMFT was the highest for current tobacco and former marijuana smokers (β estimate = 1.18; 95% CI, -0.27 to 2.62), but the relationship was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS After controlling for potential confounders, there was no significant association between marijuana-smoking and dental caries experience. However, when marijuana and tobacco were smoked concurrently, there was a notable increase in DMFT, although the difference was not statistically significant. Future research should be directed towards exploring the effects of different forms of marijuana consumption, such as edibles and drinkables, on caries development. Health promotion programmes should be aimed at educating the public regarding the combined health impacts of smoking both marijuana and tobacco, considering the potential heightened caries risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meyassara Samman
- Department of Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Thayer Scott
- Department of Health Policy and Health Services Research, Boston University Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Woosung Sohn
- Population Oral Health, University of Sydney School of Dentistry, Sydney, Australia
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170
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Lund KE, Saebo G. Challenges in legitimizing further measures against smoking in jurisdictions with robust infrastructure for tobacco control: how far can the authorities allow themselves to go? Harm Reduct J 2024; 21:33. [PMID: 38321438 PMCID: PMC10848560 DOI: 10.1186/s12954-024-00951-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND According to a recently published study, approximately half of those who currently smoke in Norway have little or no desire to quit despite a hostile regulatory and socio-cultural climate for smoking. On this background, we discuss some challenges that regulators will face in a further tightening of structural measures to curb smoking. MAIN BODY Central to our discussion is the research literature concerned with the concept of state-paternalism in tobacco control-the line between an ethically justified interference with the freedom of those who smoke and an exaggerated infringement disproportionate to the same people's right to live as they choose. In countries with an already advanced infrastructure for tobacco control, this dilemma might become quite intrusive for regulators. We ask that if people, who smoke are aware of and have accepted the risks, are willing to pay the price, smoke exclusively in designated areas, and make decisions uninfluenced by persuasive messages from manufacturers-is a further tightening of anti-smoking measures still legitimate? Strengthening of the infrastructure for tobacco control can be seen as a "help" to people who-due to some sort of "decision failure"-continue to smoke against their own will. However, for those who want to continue smoking for reasons that for them appear rational, such measures may appear unwanted, punitive, and coercive. Is it within the rights of regulators to ignore peoples' self-determination for the sake of their own good? We problematize the "help" argument and discuss the authorities' right to elevate the zero-vision of smoking as universally applicable while at the same time setting up barriers to switching to alternative nicotine products with reduced risk. CONCLUSION We recommend that a further intensification of smoking control in countries that already have a well-developed policy in this area requires that regulators start to exploit the opportunity that lies in the ongoing diversification of the recreational nicotine market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Erik Lund
- Department for Alcohol, Tobacco and Drugs, Norwegian Institute of Public Health (NIPH), Folkehelseinstituttet, Postboks 222, 0213, Skøyen, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Gunnar Saebo
- Department for Alcohol, Tobacco and Drugs, Norwegian Institute of Public Health (NIPH), Folkehelseinstituttet, Postboks 222, 0213, Skøyen, Oslo, Norway
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171
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Mousavi RA, Schober A, Kronberger C, Han E, Litschauer B, Pichler G, Badr Eslam R. Effects of cardiovascular risk factors and pre-existing diseases on the short-term outcome of Takotsubo syndrome. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2024:10.1007/s00508-024-02326-4. [PMID: 38319434 DOI: 10.1007/s00508-024-02326-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) on the development of most acute cardiac conditions are well established; however, little is known about the frequency and effects of CVRF in Takotsubo syndrome (TTS) patients. OBJECTIVE The aim of our study was to compare the frequency of CVRF and pre-existing diseases (PD) of TTS patients to ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients and analyze their effects on short-term outcome. METHODS We analyzed the frequency of CVRF (hypertension, hyperlipidemia, type II diabetes mellitus, smoking, chronic kidney disease, family history) as well as somatic and psychiatric PD at admission in TTS patients and compared them with STEMI patients. Their effect on short-term outcome was calculated using a combined endpoint of cardiogenic shock, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, mechanical ventilation, and/or in-hospital death. RESULTS In total, 150 TTS and 155 STEMI patients were included in our study. We observed a higher frequency of psychiatric (30% vs. 7%, p < 0.001), neurological (5% vs. 0%, p = 0.01), and pulmonary (18% vs. 5%, p < 0.001) PD in TTS patients as compared to STEMI patients. There were less smokers (47% vs. 61%, p = 0.03) and patients with hyperlipidemia (24% vs. 51%, p < 0.001) in the TTS cohort than in the STEMI cohort. None of the CVRF or PD behaved as an independent predictor for adverse short-term outcome in TTS patients. CONCLUSION Psychiatric, neurological, and pulmonary pre-existing diseases are more common in TTS than in STEMI patients. Interestingly, PD and CVRF do not seem to have any impact on the short-term outcome of TTS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roya Anahita Mousavi
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Karl Landsteiner Institute for Cardiovascular and Critical Care Research, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Schober
- Karl Landsteiner Institute for Cardiovascular and Critical Care Research, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Cardiology, Clinic Floridsdorf, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Emilie Han
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Brigitte Litschauer
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gernot Pichler
- Karl Landsteiner Institute for Cardiovascular and Critical Care Research, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Cardiology, Clinic Floridsdorf, Vienna, Austria
| | - Roza Badr Eslam
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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172
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Freeman B, Peters MJ, Bittoun R, Brightwell R, English DR, Thomas DP, Otlowski MF, Zwar NA, Chamberlain C. National Health and Medical Research Council statement on electronic cigarettes: 2022 update. Med J Aust 2024; 220:100-106. [PMID: 37949610 DOI: 10.5694/mja2.52163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use in Australia has rapidly increased since the 2017 National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Chief Executive Officer (CEO) statement on e-cigarettes. The type of products available and the demographic characteristics of people using these products have changed. New evidence has been published and there is growing concern among public health professionals about the increased use, particularly among young people who do not currently smoke combustible cigarettes. The combination of these issues led NHMRC to review the current evidence and provide an updated statement on e-cigarettes. In this article, we describe the comprehensive process used to review the evidence and develop the 2022 NHMRC CEO statement on electronic cigarettes. MAIN RECOMMENDATIONS E-cigarettes can be harmful; all e-cigarette users are exposed to chemicals and toxins that have the potential to cause adverse health effects. There are no health benefits of using e-cigarettes if you do not currently smoke tobacco cigarettes. Adolescents are more likely to try e-cigarettes if they are exposed to e-cigarettes on social media. Short term e-cigarette use may help some smokers to quit who have been previously unsuccessful with other smoking cessation aids. There are other proven safe and effective options available to help smokers to quit. CHANGES IN MANAGEMENT AS A RESULT OF THIS STATEMENT The evidence base for the harms of e-cigarette use has strengthened since the previous NHMRC statement. Significant gaps in the evidence base remain, especially about the longer term health harms of using e-cigarettes and the toxicity of many chemicals in e-cigarettes inhaled as an aerosol.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew J Peters
- Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW
- Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, NSW
| | - Renee Bittoun
- Avondale University, Cooranbong, NSW
- University of Notre Dame Australia, Sydney, NSW
| | | | - Dallas R English
- Centre for MEGA Epidemiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC
| | - David P Thomas
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT
| | | | | | - Catherine Chamberlain
- University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC
- Judith Lumley Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC
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173
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Sadafi S, Azizi A, Pasdar Y, Shakiba E, Darbandi M. Risk factors for gastroesophageal reflux disease: a population-based study. BMC Gastroenterol 2024; 24:64. [PMID: 38317085 PMCID: PMC10840240 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-024-03143-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in the long term reduces the quality of life, leading to digestive diseases. The present study aims to determine the risk factors for GERD. METHOD This study was conducted on 9,631 adults aged 35-65 years. The demographic characteristics, behavioral habits, nutritional intake, physical activity, anthropometric indices, and GERD data were extracted from the databank related to the Ravansar non-communicable diseases (RaNCD). Statistical analysis was performed using logistic regression models. RESULTS The prevalence of GERD was 10.99% (n = 1,058). The GERD was higher among older age and women. After adjusting for age and sex, the odds of GERD among current smokers was 23% higher than non-smokers. Drinking increased odds of GERD (OR: 1.51; 95% CI: 1.13, 1.99). The odds of GERD among depressed individuals were 46% higher than non-depressed. In addition, a significant relationship was observed between the high intake of sweets and desserts with increased GERD (OR: 1.02, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.03). Further, high intake of fiber (OR: 0.98, 95% CI: 0.97, 0.99) and dairy (OR: 0.99, 95% CI: 0.98, 0.99) was related to reducing the odds of GERD. Furthermore, a significant relationship was reported between the waist hip ratio (WHR) and visceral fat area (VFA) with increased odds of GERD. Finally, the physical activity level was inversely related to GERD. CONCLUSION Based on the results, smoking, alcohol, inactivity, high intake of sweets and desserts, low intake of fiber, depression, visceral fat, and obesity are considered as risk factors for GERD. Modifying lifestyle and behavioral habits prevent GERD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepehr Sadafi
- Clinical Research Development Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ali Azizi
- Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Yahya Pasdar
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Shakiba
- Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mitra Darbandi
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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174
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Alpers SE, Druckrey-Fiskaaen KT, Madebo T, Vold JH, Pallesen S, Skogen JC, Lunde LH, Mæland S, Fadnes LT. The association of psychological distress and economic and health worries with tobacco smoking behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic: a two-year longitudinal cohort study. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:375. [PMID: 38317145 PMCID: PMC10840189 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-17943-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic and other life events may trigger worries and psychological distress. These impacts may lead to unhealthy behaviors, such as tobacco smoking, but the degree of such associations is unclear. The current three-wave longitudinal study examines changes in tobacco smoking in Norway between 2020 and 2022 and their associations with psychological distress as well as health- and economy-related worries. METHODS Data were collected in April 2020 (baseline), January 2021, and January 2022 in Bergen, Norway, from an online longitudinal population-based survey. Smoking tobacco (the outcome variable) was dichotomized based on the responses to the question of whether participants smoked cigarettes or not. Tobacco smoking and its associations with psychological distress were assessed among 24,914 participants (response rate 36%) in a mixed model regression presented with coefficients and 95% confidence intervals (CI), adjusting for COVID-19-related worries, home office/study, occupational situation, age, gender, education, having children below 18 years living at home, living alone, and alcohol consumption. RESULTS A total of 10% of the study sample were current smokers at baseline. At baseline, smoking tobacco was associated with high levels of psychological distress (absolute difference 13%, 95% CI 10%; 15%), advanced age (50-59 years: 11%, CI 10%; 13%), and hazardous alcohol use (4%, CI 3%; 5%) compared to their counterparts. Higher education (-5%, CI -6%; -4%), working from home (-4%, CI -5%; -4%), and higher physical activity levels (-4%, CI -5%; -3%) were associated with non-smoking. The prevalence of smoking among individuals experiencing severe psychological distress decreased slightly over time (-2% per year, CI -3%; -1%). CONCLUSIONS Smoking was associated with severe psychological distress, advanced age, and hazardous alcohol use at baseline; non-smoking was associated with high education, working from home, and high physical activity. Nevertheless, the smoking rate among individuals experiencing severe psychological distress slightly decreased over the course of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Eiken Alpers
- Department of Addiction Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
- Department of Psychosocial Science, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Karl Trygve Druckrey-Fiskaaen
- Bergen Addiction Research, Department of Addiction Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Tesfaye Madebo
- Bergen Addiction Research, Department of Addiction Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jørn Henrik Vold
- Bergen Addiction Research, Department of Addiction Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ståle Pallesen
- Department of Psychosocial Science, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jens Christoffer Skogen
- Department of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway
- Alcohol & Drug Research Western Norway, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
- Centre for Evaluation of Public Health Measures, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Linn-Heidi Lunde
- Department of Addiction Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Silje Mæland
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Lars Thore Fadnes
- Bergen Addiction Research, Department of Addiction Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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175
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Roos E, Heikkinen S, Seppä K, Pietiläinen O, Ryynänen H, Laaksonen M, Roos T, Knekt P, Männistö S, Härkänen T, Jousilahti P, Koskinen S, Eriksson JG, Malila N, Rahkonen O, Pitkäniemi J. Pairwise association of key lifestyle factors and risk of solid cancers - A prospective pooled multi-cohort register study. Prev Med Rep 2024; 38:102607. [PMID: 38298822 PMCID: PMC10828451 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2024.102607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Smoking, alcohol consumption, obesity, and physical inactivity are key lifestyle risk factors for cancer. Previously these have been mostly examined singly or combined as an index, assuming independent and equivalent effects to cancer risk. The aim of our study was to systematically examine the joint pairwise and interactive effects of these lifestyle factors on the risk of a first solid primary cancer in a multi-cohort prospective setting. We used pooled data from seven Finnish health survey studies during 1972-2015, with 197,551 participants diagnosed with 16,373 solid malignant primary tumors during follow-up. Incidence of any cancer was analyzed separately without and with lung cancers using Poisson regression with main and interaction effects of key lifestyle factors. When excluding lung cancer, the highest risk of any cancer in men was observed for smokers with a BMI of ≥25 kg/m2 (HR 1.36, 95 % CI 1.25-1.48) and in women for smokers consuming alcohol (HR 1.22, 1.14-1.30). No statistically significant interactions between any studied risk factor pairs were observed. When including lung cancer, the highest HRs among men were observed for smokers who consume alcohol (HR 1.72, 1.57-1.89) and among women for smokers who were physically inactive (HR 1.38, 1.27-1.49). Smoking combined with other lifestyle factors at any exposure level resulted in highest pairwise risks, both in men and women. These results highlight the importance of smoking prevention, but also the importance of preventing obesity and reducing alcohol consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eira Roos
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sanna Heikkinen
- Finnish Cancer Registry, Institute for Statistical and Epidemiological Cancer Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Karri Seppä
- Finnish Cancer Registry, Institute for Statistical and Epidemiological Cancer Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Heidi Ryynänen
- Finnish Cancer Registry, Institute for Statistical and Epidemiological Cancer Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maarit Laaksonen
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Teemu Roos
- Department of Computer Science, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Paul Knekt
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Satu Männistö
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tommi Härkänen
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pekka Jousilahti
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Seppo Koskinen
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johan G. Eriksson
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nea Malila
- Finnish Cancer Registry, Institute for Statistical and Epidemiological Cancer Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ossi Rahkonen
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Janne Pitkäniemi
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Finland
- Finnish Cancer Registry, Institute for Statistical and Epidemiological Cancer Research, Helsinki, Finland
- Unit of Health Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Finland
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176
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Agusti A, Böhm M, Celli B, Criner GJ, Garcia-Alvarez A, Martinez F, Sin DD, Vogelmeier CF. GOLD COPD DOCUMENT 2023: a brief update for practicing cardiologists. Clin Res Cardiol 2024; 113:195-204. [PMID: 37233751 PMCID: PMC10215047 DOI: 10.1007/s00392-023-02217-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Many patients seen by cardiologists suffer chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in addition to their primary cardiovascular problem. Yet, quite often COPD has not been diagnosed and, consequently, patients have not been treated of their pulmonary disease. Recognizing and treating COPD in patients with CVDs is important because optimal treatment of the COPD carries important benefits on cardiovascular outcomes. The Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) publishes an annual report that serves as a clinical guideline for the diagnosis and management of COPD around the world and has very recently released the 2023 annual report. Here, we provide a summary of the GOLD 2023 recommendations that highlights those aspects of more interest for practicing cardiologists dealing with patients with CVD who may suffer COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvar Agusti
- Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Michael Böhm
- KardiologieAngiologie und Internistische Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum des SaarlandesKlinik für Innere Medizin III, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Bartolomé Celli
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Gerard J Criner
- Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery at the Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Don D Sin
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, Department of Medicine (Division of Respirology), St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Claus F Vogelmeier
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
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177
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Tang Z, Du S. Revisiting the Immigrant Health Advantage: Self-Reported Health and Smoking Among Sexual Minority Immigrants. J Immigr Minor Health 2024; 26:35-44. [PMID: 37526837 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-023-01527-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to examine how the immigrant health advantage (IHA) may differ by sexual orientation. Using data from the 2015-2019 National Health Interview Survey, we examined general health status (n = 131,635) and smoking behavior (n = 131, 658) for US-born and foreign-born heterosexual and sexual minority adults, as well as how the duration of stay in the U.S. may influence sexual minority immigrants' health. Logistic regression models were adopted to examine the health outcomes of immigration in different immigrant groups divided by sexual orientation. Findings show a weaker immigrant health advantage among sexual minorities than heterosexual persons, which disappears or turns into a disadvantage for several subpopulations (i.e., foreign-born homosexual individuals who stayed for 10-15 or 15 + years in the U.S.). Foreign-born homosexual individuals having stayed in the U.S. for a decade or more have substantially higher odds of reporting poor/fair health and smoking currently than their US-born counterparts. Although immigrants' health advantage overall attenuates over time, sexual minority immigrants' health erodes more with time spent in the U.S. The disparities in immigrants' health advantages suggest a segmented health acculturation (or even marginalization) process and entail higher sexual orientation-based health disparities among immigrants than among US-born individuals, likely reinforcing the preexisting health disparities in the country. The findings call for policies to address the multifaceted barriers to health equity at the intersection of social disadvantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zequn Tang
- School of Sociology and Political Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shichao Du
- Department of Sociology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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178
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Curtis JR, Emery P, Downie B, Zhong Y, Liu J, Han L, Hawtin RE, Burmester GR. Filgotinib Demonstrates Efficacy in Rheumatoid Arthritis Independent of Smoking Status: Post Hoc Analysis of Phase 3 Trials and Claims-Based Analysis. Rheumatol Ther 2024; 11:177-189. [PMID: 38057656 PMCID: PMC10796882 DOI: 10.1007/s40744-023-00619-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess cigarette smoking's effects on efficacy of the preferential Janus kinase (JAK) 1 inhibitor filgotinib and drug persistence in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS Efficacy in non-smokers, former smokers, and current smokers from phase 3 filgotinib trials was analyzed, including patients with inadequate response (IR) to methotrexate (MTX) or biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) or who were MTX-naïve. Proportions achieving Disease Activity Score in 28 joints with C-reactive protein (DAS28[CRP]) ≤ 3.2 were compared using logistic regression. Retrospective claims-based switching data were reviewed. RESULTS Week 12 (W12) DAS28(CRP) ≤ 3.2 was achieved by 50, 61, and 62% of MTX-IR non-smokers, former smokers, and current smokers taking filgotinib 200 mg (FIL200) + MTX vs. 23, 16, and 32% taking placebo + MTX (p < 0.001, < 0.001, and 0.001) and 50, 34, and 33% taking adalimumab + MTX (p = 0.97, 0.013, and 0.006 vs. FIL200 + MTX). W12 DAS28(CRP) ≤ 3.2 was achieved by 46, 48, and 32% of bDMARD-IR non-smokers, former smokers, and current smokers taking FIL200 + conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (csDMARDs) vs. 16, 23, and 5% taking placebo + csDMARD (p < 0.001, 0.077, and 0.051); 57, 58, and 59% of respective MTX-naïve smoking groups achieved W12 DAS28(CRP) ≤ 3.2 with FIL200 + MTX vs. 28, 37, and 18% with MTX (p < 0.001, 0.026, and < 0.001). Claims data showed former/current smokers were likelier than non-smokers to switch from adalimumab to other biologics or JAK inhibitors. CONCLUSIONS Greater proportions of MTX-IR current/former smokers responded to FIL200 + MTX vs. adalimumab + MTX. In non-smoking MTX-IR, bDMARD-IR, and MTX-naïve patients with RA, FIL200 + MTX demonstrated increased response vs. controls. Current/former smokers were likelier to discontinue adalimumab vs. non-smokers in real-world clinical settings. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT02889796, NCT02873936, NCT02886728.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey R Curtis
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Faculty Office Tower, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 510 20th St S #834, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
| | - Paul Emery
- Leeds NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, LTHT, and Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | | | - Yan Zhong
- Gilead Sciences, Inc, Foster City, CA, USA
| | | | - Ling Han
- Gilead Sciences, Inc, Foster City, CA, USA
| | | | - Gerd Rüdiger Burmester
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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179
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Ifarraguerri AM, Quan T, Farley B, Kuyl EV, Koch J, Parel PM, Malyavko A, Tabaie S. The effect of smoking on 30-day complications following primary repair of Achilles tendon ruptures. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol 2024; 34:879-884. [PMID: 37750974 DOI: 10.1007/s00590-023-03730-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE There exists a gap in the knowledge of the impact of smoking on Achilles tendon rupture repair. This study evaluates perioperative and postoperative complications associated with smoking to allow for a more informed evaluation and discussion with the patients when considering the surgical management of Achilles tendon repair in this patient population. METHODS The National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database was queried for patients undergoing Achilles tendon rupture repair from 2006 to 2019. Two patient cohorts were defined in this retrospective study: smokers and patients who did not smoke. The various patient demographics, medical comorbidities, and postoperative outcomes were compared using bivariate and multivariate analyses between the smoking and non-smoking groups. RESULTS Of 4209 patients who underwent Achilles tendon repair, 3662 patients (87%) did not smoke, whereas 547 patients (13%) were smokers. Patients who were smokers were more likely to be younger and have a higher body mass index. Following multivariate analyses, those who smoked had an increased risk of experiencing wound dehiscence (OR 3.57; p = 0.013) and urinary tract infections (OR 1.21; p = 0.033) compared to non-smoking patients. CONCLUSION Despite the rate of complications being relatively low in the short-term perioperative period, individuals who smoke should be counseled on the surgical risks they may experience following Achilles tendon repair, including wound dehiscence and urinary tract infections. Discussion preoperatively between the physician and patient who smoke can include ways in which postoperative care will be done to minimize the risk of adverse events, ultimately reducing costs for both the patient and the hospital.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Ifarraguerri
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2300 I St NW, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Theodore Quan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2300 I St NW, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Benjamin Farley
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2300 I St NW, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Emile-Victor Kuyl
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2300 I St NW, Washington, DC, 20052, USA.
| | - John Koch
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2300 I St NW, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Philip M Parel
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2300 I St NW, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Alisa Malyavko
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2300 I St NW, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Sean Tabaie
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
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180
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Septiono W. Quasi-experimental study on the impact of local smoke-free policies on smoking among Indonesian adults: Evidence from repeated national health surveys. Int J Drug Policy 2024; 124:104307. [PMID: 38176177 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2023.104307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smoke-free policies (SFPs) have been effective in reducing smoking prevalence, but evidence remains limited for low- and middle-income countries. Due to decentralized governance in Indonesia, SFPs are adopted in different ways in different locations. This study aims to assess the impact of local smoke-free policies (SFPs) on current smoking among Indonesian adults. METHODS Data from national health surveys conducted in 515 districts and 34 provinces in 2007, 2013, and 2018, involving 1,599,517 adults, were analyzed. A multilevel logistic regression analysis was performed, considering variables such as survey year, SFP adoption in 2007, SFP between 2007 and 2013, SFP between 2013 and 2018, socio-demographic factors, and district characteristics. RESULTS Moderate (OR:0.94, 95%CI:0.91-0.97) and strong (OR:0.95, 95%CI:0.0.92-0.98) district-level SFPs between 2013 and 2018 were associated with decreased odds of current smoking, compared to no district-level SFP adoption. Similar results were observed for moderate (OR:0.91, 95%CI:0.86-0.96) and strong (OR:0.89, 95%CI:0.85-0.94) district-level SFPs between 2007 and 2013, compared to no district-level SFP. Compared to provinces without SFPs, individuals living in provinces with moderate SFPs between 2007 and 2013 had lower odds of current smoking (OR:0.67; 95% CI:0.63-0.71), while those in districts with moderate SFPs between 2013 and 2018 had higher odds (OR: 1.08, 95% CI: 1.05-1.11). CONCLUSIONS Local SFPs demonstrated a potential in reducing smoking persistence in Indonesia, particularly at the district level. However, the impact of province-level SFPs differed. Tailored SFPs and district-province strategies, focusing on synchronizing the top-down SFP implementation in the Indonesia's decentralized systems, are critical for lowering smoking rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wahyu Septiono
- Department of Biostatistics and Population Studies, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, West Java, Indonesia.
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181
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Felix AT, Ntarisa AV. Review of natural radioactivity in tobacco cigarette brands. J Environ Radioact 2024; 272:107348. [PMID: 38043217 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2023.107348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Cigarettes smoking are leading causes of lung cancer in the world. In several countries, the radioactivity of tobaccos cigarette brands has been evaluated to estimate the effective dose from smoking inhalation. In this paper, we have reviewed 40 researched papers of radioactivity in tobacco cigarette brands by searching specified databases from various search engines such as Web of Science, Google Scholar, Scopus, Science Direct and PubMed for the studies published between the year 2000 and November, 2023 in English language. Results show that, the arithmetic mean and range of radioactivity concentration in mBq/g were 20.4 (0.4-128.6), 15.4 (2.0-78.8), 630.8 (1.2-1330.0), 8.1 (0.3-41.0), 15.2 (0.2-82.0) and 5.9 (2.0-16.0) from 210Po, 210Pb, 40K, 232Th and 232U and 226Ra, respectively. The annual effective doses were also estimated using the assumption that a smoker smokes 20 cigarettes per day. The mean annual effective doses in μSv/y from 210Po, 210Pb, 40K, 232Th and 232U and 226Ra were 295, 74.1, 5.80, 889.7, 192.6 and 90.1, respectively. The mean annual effective dose is lower than the reference level 1000 to 20000 μSv/y for existing situation in ICRP Publication 103. The average value of ELCR is 1.03 ×10-3, 0.26 ×10-3,0.02 ×10-3,3.11 ×10-3,0.67 ×10-3 and 0.32 ×10-3 for 210Po, 210Pb, 40K, 232Th and 232U and 226Ra, respectively. The ELCR values obtained in this study are well below the world average value of 1.45 ×10-3. The mean value of LCC in per million is 5.3, 1.3, 0.1, 16, 3.5 and 1.6 for 210Po, 210Pb, 40K, 232Th and 232U and 226Ra, respectively. The values of LCC obtained in this study are all below the limit range of 170-230 per million persons. The result shows 232Th contribute much larger for annual effective dose, annual equivalent dose, ELCR and LCC for smoking tobacco cigarette brands compared to other radionuclides. More studies in radioactivity in tobacco cigarette brands from different countries are required to have conclusive mean annual effective dose, annual equivalent dose, ELCR and LCC for each natural radionuclide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastazia Tarimo Felix
- Department of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Mkwawa University College of Education, University of Dar es Salaam, P.O. Box 2513, Iringa, Tanzania
| | - Amos Vincent Ntarisa
- Department of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Mkwawa University College of Education, University of Dar es Salaam, P.O. Box 2513, Iringa, Tanzania.
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Abstract
Lifestyle factors play a major role in the risk of breast cancer. This review aimed to examine the size of the effect of select lifestyle factors on risk for breast cancer and assess the quality of existing evidence. The authors performed an umbrella review of systematic reviews. The authors found an increased risk for breast cancer associated with obesity, alcohol intake, and smoking and a decreased risk due to physical activity. The evidence for sleep disruption and duration indicates risk for breast cancer, but it is limited in size, statistical significance, and quality of evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilir Hoxha
- The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA; Evidence Synthesis Group, Prishtina, Kosovo; Heimerer College, Prishtina, Kosovo.
| | | | - Lot Hoxha
- Evidence Synthesis Group, Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Midhet Nasim
- Evidence Synthesis Group, Prishtina, Kosovo; Japan International Cooperation Agency, Mother and Child Health Project, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Mary D Chamberlin
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
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183
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Jubran J, Petersen A, Harrison K, Allen S. Delay discounting demonstrates lower impulsivity linked to a higher likelihood of succeeding at smoking cessation. Addict Behav 2024; 149:107900. [PMID: 37925844 PMCID: PMC10841966 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2023.107900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Sixty-eight percent of smokers want to quit, but only one in 10 are successful at smoking cessation. Recently, impulsivity has been studied in relation to smoking cessation with measures like the delay discounting task (DDT). We aimed to build on the robust literature that has already revealed the association between impulsivity and smoking cessation, as well as look at the differences between sexes for which there is conflicting evidence. We hypothesized that lower impulsivity would be positively associated with cessation success. In the parent cessation trial, participants were randomized to 12 weeks of progesterone or placebo. Participants were asked to quit smoking, and their smoking status was monitored via expired carbon monoxide throughout the study. Participants completed a DDT at screening, week 4, and week 8 using the 27-item Monetary Choice Questionnaire, where participants decided between a small immediate reward or a larger delayed reward (LDR). The effective delay 50 (ED50), which is the delay at which the LDR loses half its value, was analyzed. To estimate the association between ED50 and cessation, a logistic mixed model with a participant random intercept was fit, controlling for study week, randomization, sex, and age. For the 181 participants, a doubling of the ED50 was associated with an 18% increase in the odds of tobacco cessation (95% confidence interval: 0.2-38% increase; p=0.05). In agreement with our hypothesis, lower impulsivity correlated to greater tobacco cessation success. Our study also showed no evidence of sex differences in the association between ED50 and smoking cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ashley Petersen
- Division of Biostatistics, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, USA
| | - Katherine Harrison
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Minnesota Medical School, USA
| | - Sharon Allen
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Minnesota Medical School, USA
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184
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Yu Y, Lau JTF, Li J, Mo PKH, Li J, Chen Y, Ma L. Very tall female young adults tended to be smokers: A large-scale exploratory cross-sectional survey of 26,405 college students in China. J Am Coll Health 2024; 72:390-397. [PMID: 35595267 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2022.2037612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the sex-specific prevalence of smoking (past 30 days) and the associations with height among university/college students. PARTICIPANTS 25,405 (11,579/14,826 males/females) college students in Xi'an China. METHODS A cross-sectional, self-administered survey. RESULTS The male and female prevalence of smoking (past 30 days) was 32.9% and 7.4%, respectively. The prevalence of smoking of the male height groups ranged from 29.8% to 36.9%; only the ≥188 cm height group showed significantly higher prevalence than the reference group (i.e., 173-177cm; 33.0%). The female prevalence of smoking was 4.0-8.2% in the ≤170cm groups and increased to 12.3% in the 171-175 cm group and 36.1% in the ≥176 cm group, while it was 6.5% for the reference group (161-165 cm). CONCLUSIONS This exploratory study firstly revealed the significantly higher prevalence of smoking among the "tallest" height groups, especially among females. Future studies are warranted to confirm such findings and explore related mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqiu Yu
- Centre for Health Behaviours Research, School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Joseph T F Lau
- Centre for Health Behaviours Research, School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jvhua Li
- Xianyang Caihong Hospital, Xianyang, China
| | - Phoenix K H Mo
- Centre for Health Behaviours Research, School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jibin Li
- Department of Clinical Research, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yonghua Chen
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
- Research Centre on College Students Ideological Education and Practice, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Le Ma
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
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185
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Qureshi M, Mumtaz M. Adult perceptions of cigarettes and e-cigarettes: A Pakistan focus group study. Prev Med Rep 2024; 38:102619. [PMID: 38375170 PMCID: PMC10874858 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2024.102619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Evidence suggests that the popularity of Reduced Risk Products' (RRPs) is growing globally, and they are being considered as effective aids for tobacco cessation. To explore different policy options for reducing disease burden, this qualitative study investigates the perceptions of the urban adult population regarding the use of e-cigarettes (EC), combustible cigarettes, or both, and the factors influencing their choices. Methods Twelve focus group discussions (FGDs), involving 132 participants, (68 male, 64 female), aged 18-60, were conducted from August to October 2022 in three metropolitan cities of Pakistan. Thematic analyses were conducted using the NVivo software. The Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research were employed for reporting and conducting purposes. Results The findings indicate that while all participants discussed the health risks associated with combustible cigarettes and EC and expressed intensions to quit, many continued to smoke or vape. Reasons cited included perceived stress relief, alleviation of medical issues, or addiction hindering cessation efforts. Among the youth, EC use gained popularity due to its social acceptability and the inclusion of appealing flavours and fragrances. Additionally, participants managed the higher costs of ECs by sharing and pooling expenses. Some users of combustible cigarettes transitioned to ECs with the expectation of achieving better health outcomes. Conclusion This study establishes a foundation for undertaking quantitative research to identify pathways for assisting policymakers in mitigating the growing disease burden. Additionally, it aims to contribute to the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals 3a and 3.4 for Pakistan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Qureshi
- QBAL, SMC (Single Member Company), Private, Limited, Pakistan
- Centre of Excellence for the Acceleration of Harm Reduction, University di Catania, Italy
| | - Mehwish Mumtaz
- QBAL, SMC (Single Member Company), Private, Limited, Pakistan
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186
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Ahola AJ, Tikkanen-Dolenc H, Harjutsalo V, Groop PH. Clustering of risk behaviours and associations between risk behaviours and cardio-metabolic risk factors in adult individuals with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2024; 208:111115. [PMID: 38266825 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2024.111115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
AIMS To assess clustering of risk behaviours and their health determinants. METHODS Cross-sectional health behaviour and health data were collected from individuals with type 1 diabetes, in the FinnDiane Study. Clustering of risk behaviours was assessed and associations between behaviours and health variables were investigated. RESULTS Data were available from 956 participants (40 % men, mean age 46 years). Altogether, 4.3 % individuals reported no risk behaviours, while 25.7 %, 37.4 %, 24.7 %, 6.8 %, and 1.0 % reported 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 risk behaviours, respectively. Reporting ≥4 risk behaviours occurred more frequently than expected by chance. Dietary non-adherence was most frequently reported (84.4 %), followed by low LTPA (54.4 %), poor sleep (41.9 %), high alcohol consumption (15.2 %), and smoking (11.2 %). Adjusted for confounders, relative to ≤1 risk behaviour, reporting ≥2 risk behaviours was associated with higher BMI, waist circumference, and diastolic blood pressure. Having ≥3 risk behaviours was associated with larger waist-hip ratio, and higher HbA1c and triglyceride concentration; ≥4 risk behaviours was associated with higher cholesterol concentration. Of the health behaviours, low LTPA had the highest number of deleterious health associations. CONCLUSIONS Accumulation of risk behaviors increases negative health outcomes. Exhibiting ≥2 risk behaviours or low LTPA was associated with multiple adverse outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aila J Ahola
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heidi Tikkanen-Dolenc
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Valma Harjutsalo
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland; National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Per-Henrik Groop
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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187
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Haskins IN, Tamer R, Phillips SE, Thorson FC, Kothari VM, Perez AJ. Association of active smoking on 30-day wound events and additional morbidity and mortality following inguinal hernia repair with mesh: an analysis of the ACHQC database. Hernia 2024; 28:33-42. [PMID: 37776406 DOI: 10.1007/s10029-023-02886-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To date, there is limited data on the association of active smoking and 30-day wound events following inguinal hernia repair (IHR) with mesh. We aimed to determine if active smoking at the time of IHR with mesh was associated with worse 30-days wound events and additional morbidity outcomes using the Abdominal Core Health Quality Collaborative (ACHQC) database. METHODS All adult patients undergoing elective, IHR with mesh who had 30-day follow-up data available were identified within the ACHQC database. Smokers were defined as having used nicotine within the 30 days prior to surgery. A 1:1 propensity score matched analysis was performed comparing smokers to non-smokers, controlling for factors previously shown to be associated with postoperative wound events. The effect of smoking on 30-day wound events and additional morbidity outcomes following IHR with mesh was investigated using Chi-square or Fisher's exact test for categorical data and Wilcoxon ranked test for continuous data. RESULTS A total of 17,543 patients met inclusion criteria; 1855 (11%) were active smokers at the time of minimally invasive IHR with mesh. A total of 3694 patients were used for the matched analysis. There were no statistically significant differences between the non-smokers and smokers with respect to the incidence of surgical site infection (p = 0.10), surgical site occurrences (p = 0.22), or surgical site occurrences requiring procedural intervention (p = 0.64). Non-smokers were significantly more likely to be readmitted to the hospital and had significantly less improvement in all pain domains following IHR with mesh. CONCLUSIONS Active smoking at the time of IHR with mesh is not associated with worse 30-day wound or additional morbidity and mortality outcomes. Based on these results, preoperative smoking cessation for all patients undergoing IHR may not reduce 30-day morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- I N Haskins
- Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 983280 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-3280, USA.
| | - R Tamer
- Center for Surgical Health Assessment, Research and Policy, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - S E Phillips
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - F C Thorson
- Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 983280 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-3280, USA
| | - V M Kothari
- Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 983280 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-3280, USA
| | - A J Perez
- Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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188
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Mignozzi S, Santucci C, Medina HN, Negri E, La Vecchia C, Pinheiro PS. Cancer mortality in Germany-born Americans and Germans. Cancer Epidemiol 2024; 88:102519. [PMID: 38183748 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2023.102519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Comparing cancer mortality and associated risk factors among immigrant populations in a host country to those in their country of origin reveals disparities in cancer risk, access to care, diagnosis, and disease management. This study compares cancer mortality between the German resident population and Germany-born individuals who migrated to the US. METHODS Cancer mortality data from 2008-2018 were derived for Germans from the World Health Organization database and for Germany-born Americans resident in four states (California, Florida, Massachusetts, and New York) from respective Departments of Vital Statistics. We calculated age-standardized mortality rates (ASMRs) using the European standard population and standardized mortality ratios (SMR) compared to the German resident population along with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS Germany-born American males had lower ASMRs (253.8 per 100,000) than German resident population (325.6 per 100,000). The difference in females was modest, with ASMRs of 200.7 and 203.7 per 100,000, respectively. For all cancers, Germany-born American males had an SMR of 0.72 (95% CI: 0.70-0.74) and females 0.98 (95% CI: 0.95-1.00). Male SMRs among Germany-born Americans were significantly below one for oral cavity, stomach, colorectal, liver, lung, prostate, and kidney cancer. Among females, SMRs were below one for oral cavity, stomach, colorectal, gallbladder, breast, cervix uteri, and kidney cancer. For both sexes, SMRs were over one for bladder cancer (1.14 for males, 1.21 for females). Mortality was higher for lung cancer (SMR: 1.68), non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (1.18) and uterine cancer (1.22) among Germany-born American females compared to the German resident population. CONCLUSION Germany-born American males but not females showed lower cancer mortality than German resident population. Disparities may stem from variations in risk factors (e.g., smoking and alcohol use) as well as differences in screening practices and participation, cancer treatment, besides some residual potential "healthy immigrant effect".
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Mignozzi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Santucci
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
| | - Heidy N Medina
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Eva Negri
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Carlo La Vecchia
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Paulo S Pinheiro
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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189
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Degens H, Venckunas T, Wüst RC. A modelling approach to disentangle the factors limiting muscle oxygenation in smokers. Eur J Appl Physiol 2024; 124:457-466. [PMID: 37543954 PMCID: PMC10858155 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-023-05289-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is associated with a lower exercise capacity and lower muscle fatigue resistance. This is at least partly attributable to carboxyhaemoglobin (HbCO) in the blood that via reduction in the oxygen-carrying capacity, and the left-shift of the Hb-dissociation curve would reduce tissue oxygenation. On the other hand, a reduced oxygen uptake due to mitochondrial dysfunction would result in improved oxygenation. We used previously collected capillarisation, myoglobin and estimated cellular maximal muscle oxygen consumption data derived from succinate dehydrogenase-stained sections from the vastus lateralis muscle from six smokers and five non-smokers. These data were fed into an expanded Krogh tissue oxygenation model to assess whether an impaired muscle fatigue resistance in smokers is primarily due to HbCO or impaired mitochondrial respiration. The model showed that in smokers with 6% and 20% HbCO (causing a left-shift of the Hb-dissociation curve) average muscle oxygenation was reduced by 1.9% and 7.2%, respectively. Muscle oxygenation was increased by 13.3% when maximal mitochondrial respiration was reduced by 29%. A combination of a 29% reduction in maximal mitochondrial respiration and 20% HbCO led to no significant difference in muscle oxygenation from that in non-smokers. This indicates that while HbCO may explain the reduced exercise capacity after just one smoking session, in chronic smokers impaired mitochondrial respiration appears more important in reducing oxygen extraction and exercise capacity with only a small contribution of the left-shift of the Hb-dissociation curve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Degens
- Department of Life Sciences, Research Centre for Musculoskeletal Science and Sports Medicine, Manchester Metropolitan University, John Dalton Building, Chester Street, Manchester, M1 5GD, UK.
- Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - Tomas Venckunas
- Department of Life Sciences, Research Centre for Musculoskeletal Science and Sports Medicine, Manchester Metropolitan University, John Dalton Building, Chester Street, Manchester, M1 5GD, UK
| | - Rob Cl Wüst
- Laboratory of Myology, Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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190
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Morgenstern M, Glantz SA, Neumann C, Hanewinkel R. Smoking in Popular Streaming Shows and Youth Protection in Germany. J Community Health 2024; 49:166-172. [PMID: 37605099 DOI: 10.1007/s10900-023-01270-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Aim was to investigate the amount of smoking in popular streaming series in Germany with a focus on the comparison between series recommended for adults versus youth. The sample was drawn from the 35 highest user-rated streaming series, that released 1794 new episodes between January 1, 2017 and December 31, 2020. One-third of the episodes (N = 598) were randomly selected and analyzed for smoking content. The age ratings of these episodes ranged from 6 to 18 years, with categories of "6", "12", "16" and "18" years. Ten of the 35 shows (28.6%) were completely smoke-free, 25 shows (71.4%) had at least one episode with smoking. Of all analyzed episodes, 25.1% contained smoking (range = 1 to 36 smoking scenes; median = 4). There was a statistically significant association between episode age rating and the presence of smoking (χ2[3] = 9.1; p = 0.028; Spearman's rho = 0.11): The proportion of episodes with smoking was 0% for episodes with age ratings below 12 years, 20.4% for age ratings "12", 28.3% for age ratings "16", and 32.4% for age ratings "18". This association differed between streaming services, but all services had smoking in episodes rated for youth. Smoking is common in popular streaming series. None of the streaming services meet the recommendations of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control to reliably restrict young people's access to media content that depicts smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthis Morgenstern
- Institute for Therapy and Health Research, IFT-Nord, Harmsstrasse 2, 24114, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Stanton A Glantz
- UCSF Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, CA, San Francisco, USA
| | - Clemens Neumann
- Institute for Therapy and Health Research, IFT-Nord, Harmsstrasse 2, 24114, Kiel, Germany
| | - Reiner Hanewinkel
- Institute for Therapy and Health Research, IFT-Nord, Harmsstrasse 2, 24114, Kiel, Germany
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191
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Ide T, Yakushiji Y, Suzuyama K, Nishihara M, Eriguchi M, Ogata A, Matsumoto A, Hara M, Hara H. Associations for progression of cerebral small vessel disease burden in healthy adults: the Kashima scan study. Hypertens Res 2024; 47:302-310. [PMID: 37673959 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-023-01419-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the association between vascular risk factors and progression of cerebral small vessel disease (SVD), we conducted a longitudinal study with neurologically healthy cohort composed mostly of middle-aged adults (n = 665, mean age, 57.7 years). Subjects, who had both baseline data of brain health examinations including MRI and follow-up MRI at least 1 year after the baseline MRI, were included this study. The presence of features of SVD, including lacunes, cerebral microbleeds, white matter hyperintensity, and basal ganglia perivascular spaces were summed to obtain "total SVD score" (range, 0-4). Progression of SVD was evaluated among subjects with a total SVD score of ≤ 3 and was defined as a ≥ 1 point increase in that score at follow-up relative to baseline. As the primary analysis, multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the associations of progression of SVD at baseline. The median follow-up period was 7.3 years and progression of SVD was observed in 154 subjects (23.2%). Even after adjustment with confounders multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that progression of SVD was associated with age (per 10-year increase, odds ratio [OR]: 2.08, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.62-2.67), hypertension (OR 1.55, 95%CI 1.05-2.29), systolic blood pressure (BP) (per standard deviation [SD] increase, OR 1.27, 95%CI 1.04-1.54), diastolic BP (per SD increase, OR 1.23, 95%CI 1.01-1.50), and mean arterial pressure (per SD increase, OR 1.27, 95%CI 1.04-1.55). Age and high blood pressure appear to play key roles in the progression of cerebral small vessel burden after mid-life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiro Ide
- Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Saga University Faculty of Medicine, Saga, Japan
| | - Yusuke Yakushiji
- Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Saga University Faculty of Medicine, Saga, Japan.
- Department of Neurology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan.
| | - Kohei Suzuyama
- Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Saga University Faculty of Medicine, Saga, Japan
| | - Masashi Nishihara
- Department of Radiology, Saga University Faculty of Medicine, Saga, Japan
| | - Makoto Eriguchi
- Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Saga University Faculty of Medicine, Saga, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ogata
- Department of Neurosurgery, Saga University Faculty of Medicine, Saga, Japan
| | - Akiko Matsumoto
- Department of Social Medicine, Saga University Faculty of Medicine, Saga, Japan
| | - Megumi Hara
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Saga University Faculty of Medicine, Saga, Japan
| | - Hideo Hara
- Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Saga University Faculty of Medicine, Saga, Japan
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192
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Sahni D, Bhagat S, Bhatia L, Singh P, Chawla S, Kaur A. Association Between Metabolic Syndrome and Hearing Impairment: a Study on 200 Subjects. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2024; 76:262-267. [PMID: 38440660 PMCID: PMC10909006 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-023-04138-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The metabolic syndrome (MS) is a cluster of conditions that occur. togehther, increase risk of heart disease, storke, type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension as a possible outcome. The previous research has shown a link between hearing loss and being overweight, diabetic, or suffering from heart disease. However, research on the possible link between hearing loss and metabolic syndrome is limited. Hearing loss due to metabolic syndrome was evaluated in the present investigation. Two hundred individuals with metabolic syndrome were included. All the patients were evaluated on three types of audiometry (pure tone, impedence, and DPOAE).Anthropometric data, blood pressure, blood sugar, and lipid profiles, were all collected from each patient. We also asked about their smoking and drinking habits in the past. SPSS v. 22.0 was used to conduct the statistical analysis. Overall, SNHL affected 58.5% of patients. Patients having moderate hearing loss were the largest demographic group (40%), followed by those with mild hearing loss (15% ). Severe hearing loss only occurred in 3.5% of patients. Hearing loss was shown to be more prevalent in patients with more than three components of metabolic syndrome. Significant associations were found between hearing impairment and metabolic risk factors as waist circumference, fasting blood sugar, serum high-density lipoprotein, serum triglycerides, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Hearing loss was only marginally connected to smoking and excessive drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimple Sahni
- Government Medical College and Rajindra Hospital, Patiala, Punjab 147001 India
| | - Sanjeev Bhagat
- Government Medical College and Rajindra Hospital, Patiala, Punjab 147001 India
| | - Lovleen Bhatia
- Government Medical College and Rajindra Hospital, Patiala, Punjab 147001 India
| | - Parvinder Singh
- Government Medical College and Rajindra Hospital, Patiala, Punjab 147001 India
| | - Sagar Chawla
- Government Medical College and Rajindra Hospital, Patiala, Punjab 147001 India
| | - Amandeep Kaur
- Government Medical College and Rajindra Hospital, Patiala, Punjab 147001 India
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193
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Cho MH, Cho JH, Eun Y, Han K, Jung J, Cho IY, Yoo JE, Lee H, Kim H, Park SY, Shin DW. Rheumatoid Arthritis and Risk of Lung Cancer: A Nationwide Cohort Study. J Thorac Oncol 2024; 19:216-226. [PMID: 37838085 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2023.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There has been an increasing interest in the risk of lung cancer related to rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We investigated the association between RA and the risk of lung cancer with consideration of key confounding factors, including RA serostatus and smoking status. METHODS Using a nationwide database, we identified 51,899 patients with newly diagnosed RA between 2010 and 2017, which were matched by sex and age at a 1:5 ratio with 259,495 non-RA population. The association of lung cancer and RA was investigated using Cox regression analyses. Stratified analyses by smoking status, sex, age, and comorbidity of interstitial lung disease were conducted using the same Cox modeling. RESULTS During 4.5 years of follow-up, the adjusted hazard ratio of lung cancer in the patients with RA was 1.49 (95% confidence interval: 1.34-1.66). Compared with the patients with seronegative RA, an increased risk of lung cancer was not considerable in the patients with seropositive RA. In the stratified analyses, the increased risk of lung cancer was more prominent in current or previous heavy smokers with RA (interaction p value of 0.046) and male patients (interaction p < 0.001), whereas there was no substantial effect associated with age or interstitial lung disease status. CONCLUSIONS Patients with RA had an increased risk of lung cancer compared with the non-RA group, and the risk did not differ by RA serostatus. There is a need for increased awareness of smoking cessation and potentially for regular lung cancer screening with proper risk stratification in patients with RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Hee Cho
- Samsung C&T Medical Clinic, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Ho Cho
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonghee Eun
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungdo Han
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Soongsil University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhyoung Jung
- Department of Medical Statistics, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - In Young Cho
- Department of Family Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Eun Yoo
- Department of Family Medicine, Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Lee
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungjin Kim
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Medical Humanities, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Yong Park
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Wook Shin
- Department of Family Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Clinical Research Design & Evaluation, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science & Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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194
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Aksakalli T, Utlu A, Demirdogen SO, Cinislioglu AE, Karabulut I. Effects of smoking on varicocelectomy outcomes: a retrospective cohort study. Int Urol Nephrol 2024; 56:415-421. [PMID: 37812377 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-023-03816-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the effects of smoking on semen parameters and spontaneous pregnancy development by comparing smoker and non-smoker varicocelectomy patients. METHODS This study included 63 male patients with primary infertility for at least one year, and underwent microscopic subinguinal varicocelectomy at the Erzurum City Hospital urology clinic between 2020 and 2023. Patient files were retrospectively evaluated, and 27 patients were assigned to smoker group, whereas 36 patients were assigned to non-smoker group. Demographic data, semen parameters, spontaneous pregnancy development and timing were compared between two groups. RESULTS No statistically significant differences were observed in age, partner's age, BMI, clinical presentation, varicocele grade, side of varicocele, testicular volume, or testicular vein diameters (p > 0.05). The mean age of the study group was determined to be 30.7 ± 4.9 years. In the non-smoker group, 27 patients (75%) had only subfertility complaints, while 9 patients (25%) also experienced scrotal pain. Progressive motility was significantly higher in the non-smoker group at the 3rd month (28.11 ± 5.78 vs. 24.51 ± 4.24, p < 0.05) and 6th month (29.61 ± 5.16 vs. 26.22 ± 4.14, p < 0.05) evaluations. When comparing the rates of pregnancy development, the non-smoker group was determined to have a higher rate (53%), but this comparison was not statistically significant. (p < 0.05) Regarding the timing of pregnancy, the non-smoker group was associated with earlier spontaneous pregnancy. (5.84 ± 2.26 vs. 9.20 ± 2.30, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Smoking negatively affects the outcomes of varicocelectomy in terms of semen parameters, spontaneous pregnancy development and timing. Prospective, randomized, and larger sample-sized studies are required on this subject. TRIAL REGISTRATION This study was approved by the Ataturk University Local Ethics Committee (approval number: B.30.2.ATA.0.01.00/234).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tugay Aksakalli
- Department of Urology, University of Health Sciences, Erzurum Regional Training and Research Hospital, Erzurum, Turkey.
| | - Adem Utlu
- Department of Urology, University of Health Sciences, Erzurum Regional Training and Research Hospital, Erzurum, Turkey
| | | | - Ahmet Emre Cinislioglu
- Department of Urology, University of Health Sciences, Erzurum Regional Training and Research Hospital, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Karabulut
- Department of Urology, University of Health Sciences, Erzurum Regional Training and Research Hospital, Erzurum, Turkey
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195
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Gaskins J, Huang LC, McPhail L, O'Connor S. Robotic approach for retromuscular ventral hernia repair may be associated with improved wound morbidity in high-risk patients: a propensity score analysis. Surg Endosc 2024; 38:1013-1019. [PMID: 38091108 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-023-10630-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retromuscular sublay (RMS) technique for repair of ventral hernias has gained popularity due to lower risk of recurrence and wound complications. Robotic approaches to RMS have been shown to decrease hospital stay; however, previous studies have failed to show a significant reduction in wound morbidity. Utilizing the Abdominal Core Health Quality Collaborative (ACHQC) database, this study sought to determine the effect of robotic approach on wound morbidity, while specifically focusing on a high-risk population. METHODS A retrospective review of elective robotic and open RMS repairs in the ACHQC database was performed. Patients deemed to be high-risk for wound complications were included: adult patients with BMI greater than 35 and who were either current smokers or diabetics. A propensity score match was then done to balance covariates between the two groups. Main outcomes of concern were surgical site occurrences (SSO), surgical site infections (SSI), and surgical site occurrence requiring procedural intervention (SSOPI) at 30-day follow-up. RESULTS A total of 917 patients met inclusion criteria. After propensity score matching, 211 patients matched for each approach. There was no difference in overall SSO (18% for Open vs 23% for Robotic, p = 0.23). Open repair was associated with higher rates of SSI (4% vs 1%, p = 0.032) and SSOPI (9% SSOPI vs 3%, p < 0. 015). As seen in previous studies, there was a higher rate of seroma associated with Robotic RMS repair (87% vs 48%, p < 0.001) in patients that developed an SSO. CONCLUSIONS In this analysis, a robotic approach was associated with decreased rates of SSI and SSOPI in obese patients who were either current smokers or diabetics. In effort to reduce wound morbidity and the associated physical and economic costs, robotic approach for retromuscular ventral hernia repair should be considered in this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Gaskins
- Mountain Area Health Education Center, Inc, Asheville, NC, USA.
| | - Li-Ching Huang
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Lindsee McPhail
- Mountain Area Health Education Center, Inc, Asheville, NC, USA
- Mission Health, Asheville, NC, USA
| | - Sean O'Connor
- Mountain Area Health Education Center, Inc, Asheville, NC, USA
- Mission Health, Asheville, NC, USA
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196
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Etter JF. An 8-year longitudinal study of long-term, continuous users of electronic cigarettes. Addict Behav 2024; 149:107891. [PMID: 37866230 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2023.107891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS E-cigarettes have been available for over 15 years, but relatively little is known about long-term users. Our aim was to describe change over time in behaviours, attitudes and dependence in long-term users. DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS A longitudinal study of 375 e-cigarette users enrolled on the Internet in 2012-2016 and surveyed again in 2021 (8 years later on average), who continuously used e-cigarettes in the interval. FINDINGS Fewer people in 2021 (11 %) than at baseline (33 %) had smoked tobacco in the past 31 days. Participants switched from second-generation models at baseline (e.g. Ego) to box mods in 2021 (e.g. iStick), they used larger refill bottles, they used home-made e-liquids twice as often, they used tobacco flavours less often and the nicotine concentration in e-liquids decreased from 12 to 6 mg/mL. There was no change over time in the time to the first e-cigarette puff of the day, but an e-cigarette dependence score of 0-100 decreased from 75 to 60, the frequency and strength of urges to vape decreased (from 31 % to 18 % of "strong" urges) and the proportion of people who said they would be likely to succeed if they tried to stop vaping increased. Compared to baseline, fewer people in 2021 reported vaping to cope with cravings or other smoking cessation symptoms, and fewer people reported vaping to quit smoking, to avoid relapse into smoking, or to reduce their tobacco consumption (p < 0.001 for all differences). CONCLUSIONS In long-term, continuous users, over a period of 8 years, substantial changes were observed in the models of e-cigarettes used, in the flavours and strength of e-liquids, and in the reasons for vaping. Their level of nicotine dependence tended to decrease over time. These users were satisfied with e-cigarettes and vaped mostly because they felt that vaping was less dangerous than smoking, and for enjoyment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-François Etter
- Institute of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland.
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197
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Hellmich IM, Krüsemann EJZ, van der Hart JRH, Smeets PAM, Talhout R, Boesveldt S. Context matters: Neural processing of food-flavored e-cigarettes and the influence of smoking. Biol Psychol 2024; 186:108754. [PMID: 38253167 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2024.108754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
E-cigarettes are harmful, addictive, and popular. In e-cigarettes, nicotine is often paired with food-flavors. How this pairing of nicotine and food cues influences neural processing warrants investigation, as in smokers, both types of cues activate similar brain regions. Additionally, while most e-cigarettes are sweet, savory e-cigarettes are seemingly absent, although savory flavors are commonly liked in food. To understand how smoking status and type of flavor modulate reactions to food-flavored e-cigarettes, in comparison to actual food, neural and subjective responses to food odors were measured in a 2 (sweet vs. savory odor) x2 (food vs. e-cigarette context) x2 (smokers vs. non-smokers) design in 22 occasional/light smokers and 25 non-smokers. During fMRI scanning, participants were exposed to sweet and savory odors and pictures creating the two contexts. Liking and wanting were repeatedly measured on a 100-unit visual-analogue-scale. Results show that sweet e-cigarettes were liked (Δ = 14.2 ± 1.7) and wanted (Δ = 39.5 ± 3.1) more than savory e-cigarettes, and their cues activated the anterior cingulate more (cluster-level qFDR = 0.003). Further, we observed context-dependent variations in insula response to odors (cluster-level qFDR = 0.023, and = 0.030). Savory odors in an e-cigarette context were wanted less than the same odors in a food-context (Δ = 32.8 ± 3.1). Smokers and non-smokers reacted similarly to flavored product cues. Our results indicate that the principles of flavor preference in food cannot directly be applied to e-cigarettes and that it is challenging to design sweet and savory e-cigarettes to appeal to smokers only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ina M Hellmich
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands; Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Erna J Z Krüsemann
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands; Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Joris R H van der Hart
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Paul A M Smeets
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Reinskje Talhout
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Sanne Boesveldt
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
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198
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Besmens IS, Enderlin T, Nietlispach V, Brackertz S, Knipper S, Calcagni M. Neuropathic pain of the superficial branch of the radial nerve - Factors influencing surgical outcome and patient satisfaction. Hand Surg Rehabil 2024; 43:101637. [PMID: 38244694 DOI: 10.1016/j.hansur.2024.101637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to its partially superficial course, the superficial branch of the radial nerve is vulnerable to injury by trauma or surgery, potentially leading to painful neuroma. Surgical treatment is difficult. Among other factors, smoking and duration of pain before revision surgery have been suggested as risk factors for persistent pain after surgical revision, without concrete evidence. The aim of this study was therefore to identify factors influencing the outcome of revision surgery in SBRN neuropathic pain in our department. METHODS All 51 patients receiving revision surgery of the superficial branch of the radial nerve for neuropathic pain from 2010 to 2020 were contacted; 19 agreed to return for assessment. A medical chart review was performed to collect patient-, pain- and treatment-specific factors. Outcomes were recorded. In an outpatient consultation, clinical follow-up was performed and patients filled out the DASH, MHQ and painDETECT questionnaires. RESULTS After revision surgery, all patients experienced persistent pain. On multivariate logistic regression evaluating the risk of persistent pain, only smoking emerged as an independent risk factor. Age, gender, dominant side, location, time between trigger and surgery or diagnosis did not emerge as risk factors. No predictor for successful return to work could be identified. CONCLUSIONS Treatment of painful neuroma of the superficial branch of the radial nerve is a challenge. Patients with neuropathic pain should be coached toward smoking cessation before neuroma surgery. Surgery can show benefit even after long symptom duration. No correlations between study clinical variables or test results and return to work could be identified, suggesting that other factors play a role in return to work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga S Besmens
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | | | - Viviane Nietlispach
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sophie Brackertz
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Maurizio Calcagni
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Heidari SL, Hove-Skovsgaard M, Arentoft NS, Svartstein ASW, Møller DL, Jensen CS, Benfield T, Jensen JUS, Thudium RF, Nielsen SD. Incidence of bacterial respiratory infection and pneumonia in people with HIV with and without airflow limitation. Int J Infect Dis 2024; 139:183-191. [PMID: 38154559 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2023.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to determine the incidence rate, pathogen composition, and risk factors, particularly airflow limitation, associated with bacterial respiratory infection and pneumonia in a prospective cohort of well-treated people with HIV (PWH) between 2015-2021. METHODS We included 1007 PWH from the Copenhagen Comorbidity in HIV infection (COCOMO) study. Spirometry was performed at inclusion. Microbiology samples were collected prospectively. Cumulative incidence was determined by the Aalen-Johansen estimator. Cox proportional hazard models were used to calculate risk factors, adjusted for traditional and HIV-specific variables. RESULTS The incidence rates of first bacterial respiratory infection and pneumonia were 12.4 (95% CI 9.7-15.5) and 5.5 (95% CI: 3.8-7.7) per 1000 person-years, respectively. The cumulative incidence of pneumonia was four times higher in PWH with airflow limitation (11.8% vs 3.2%, P <0.001). Risk factors for bacterial respiratory infection were airflow limitation (hazard ratio [HR] 2.9, [95% CI: 1.7-5.1], P <0.001), smoking (HR 2.3, [95% CI: 1.4-3.8], P <0.001), and previous AIDS-defining event (HR 2.0, [95% CI: 1.2-3.3], P = 0.009). For pneumonia, airflow limitation (HR 2.7, [95% CI: 1.2-6.3], P = 0.016), smoking (HR 2.5, [95% CI: 1.2-5.4], P = 0.016), and older age (HR 1.5, [95% CI: 1.1-2.1], P = 0.015) were identified as risk factors. CONCLUSIONS Increased emphasis on airflow limitation prevention, including smoking cessation, may reduce the burden of bacterial respiratory infection and pneumonia in PWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safura-Luise Heidari
- Viro-immunology Research Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Malene Hove-Skovsgaard
- Viro-immunology Research Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nicoline Stender Arentoft
- Viro-immunology Research Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne-Sophie W Svartstein
- Viro-immunology Research Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dina Leth Møller
- Viro-immunology Research Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Salgård Jensen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Benfield
- Center of Research & Disruption of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens-Ulrik Stæhr Jensen
- Section of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rebekka Faber Thudium
- Viro-immunology Research Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Susanne D Nielsen
- Viro-immunology Research Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Wijesinghe AI, Kobayashi N, Kitazawa S, Maki N, Yanagihara T, Saeki Y, Kikuchi S, Goto Y, Ichimura H, Sato Y. Sex-specific emphysematous changes evaluated by a three-dimensional computed tomography volumetric analysis among patients with smoking histories who underwent resection for lung cancer. Surg Today 2024; 54:113-121. [PMID: 37271799 DOI: 10.1007/s00595-023-02707-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study evaluated the sex-specific susceptibility to the development of emphysema in patients with smoking histories who underwent lung cancer surgeries. METHODS Lung cancer patients with smoking histories who underwent lung resection at the University of Tsukuba Hospital, Japan, were enrolled. Radiologic emphysematous changes were analyzed using three-dimensional computed tomography (3D-CT). The volume proportion of emphysematous lung per unit of smoking and the relationship between emphysematous change and clinicopathologic factors were evaluated. RESULTS Radiologic emphysematous changes analyzed using 3D-CT per pack-year smoked, defined as the Smoking-Emphysema Index (SEI), were greater in females than males. The difference was more profound in adenocarcinoma patients than in non-adenocarcinoma patients (0.70 ± 2.30 vs. 0.21 ± 0.28, P = 0.037). CONCLUSION Female lung cancer patients are more susceptible to smoking-induced emphysema than males. The SEI may be an effective indicator for evaluating smoking-induced emphysema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashoka Indranatha Wijesinghe
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan
| | - Naohiro Kobayashi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Kitazawa
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan
| | - Naoki Maki
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yanagihara
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan
| | - Yusuke Saeki
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan
| | - Shinji Kikuchi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan
| | - Yukinobu Goto
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan
| | - Hideo Ichimura
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan
| | - Yukio Sato
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan.
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