2001
|
Abstract
Over the years there has been a great deal of controversy on the effect of vitamin C on cancer. To investigate the effects of vitamin C on cancer patients' health-related quality of life, we prospectively studied 39 terminal cancer patients. All patients were given an intravenous administration of 10 g vitamin C twice with a 3-day interval and an oral intake of 4 g vitamin C daily for a week. And then we investigated demographic data and assessed changes in patients' quality of life after administration of vitamin C. Quality of life was assessed with EORTC QLQ-C30. In the global health/quality of life scale, health score improved from 36+/-18 to 55+/-16 after administration of vitamin C (p=0.001). In functional scale, the patients reported significantly higher scores for physical, role, emotional, and cognitive function after administration of vitamin C (p<0.05). In symptom scale, the patients reported significantly lower scores for fatigue, nausea/vomiting, pain, and appetite loss after administration of vitamin C (p<0.005). The other function and symptom scales were not significantly changed after administration of vitamin C. In terminal cancer patients, the quality of life is as important as cure. Although there is still controversy regarding anticancer effects of vitamin C, the use of vitamin C is considered a safe and effective therapy to improve the quality of life of terminal cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang Hwan Yeom
- Department of Family Medicine, Myongji Hospital, Kwandong University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea
| | - Gyou Chul Jung
- Department of Family Medicine, Myongji Hospital, Kwandong University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea
| | - Keun Jeong Song
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
2002
|
Saad IAB, Botega NJ, Toro IFC. Predictors of quality-of-life improvement following pulmonary resection due to lung cancer. SAO PAULO MED J 2007; 125:46-9. [PMID: 17505685 PMCID: PMC11014704 DOI: 10.1590/s1516-31802007000100009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2006] [Revised: 04/06/2006] [Accepted: 12/01/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE There is increasing involvement of health professionals in organizing protocols to determine the impact of lung surgery on functional state and activities of daily living, with the aim of improving quality of life (QoL). The objective of this study was to investigate predictors of QoL improvement among patients undergoing parenchyma resection due to lung cancer. DESIGN AND SETTING Prospective study, at teaching hospital of Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp). METHODS 36 patients with lung cancer diagnosis were assessed before surgery and on the 30th, 90th and 180th days after surgery. The Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) was used as the dependent variable. The independent variables were the Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) scale, a six-minute walking test (6-MWT), a visual analogue scale for pain, forced vital capacity (FVC), type of surgery and use of radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Generalized estimation equations (GEE) were utilized. RESULTS The median age for these 20 men and 16 women was 55.5 +/- 13.4 years. Both FVC and 6-MWT were predictors of improvement in the physical dimensions of QoL (p = 0.011 and 0.0003, respectively), as was smaller extent of surgical resection (p = 0.04). The social component of QoL had improved by the third postoperative month (p = 0.0005). CONCLUSION The predictors that affected QoL positively were better FVC and 6-MWT results and less extensive lung resection. Three months after the surgery, an improvement in social life was already seen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivete Alonso Bredda Saad
- Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Rua Maria José Ferreira 116, Campinas (SP), CEP 13085-085, Brazil.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
2003
|
Battaglini C, Bottaro M, Dennehy C, Rae L, Shields E, Kirk D, Hackney AC, Hackney A. The effects of an individualized exercise intervention on body composition in breast cancer patients undergoing treatment. SAO PAULO MED J 2007; 125:22-8. [PMID: 17505681 PMCID: PMC11014705 DOI: 10.1590/s1516-31802007000100005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2006] [Revised: 12/02/2005] [Accepted: 11/29/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE Changes in metabolism have been reported in the majority of patients undergoing cancer treatment, and these are usually characterized by progressive change in body composition. The effects of aerobic exercise programs to combat the cancer and cancer treatment-related side effects, which include the negative changes in body composition, have been extensively reported in the literature. However, few resistance exercise intervention studies have hypothesized that breast cancer patients might benefit from this type of exercise. The purpose of this study was to determine whether exercise protocols that emphasize resistance training would change body composition and strength in breast cancer patients undergoing treatment. DESIGN AND SETTING Randomized controlled trial, at the Campus Recreation Center and Rocky Mountain Cancer Rehabilitation Institute of the University of Northern Colorado, and the North Colorado Medical Center. METHODS Twenty inactive breast cancer patients were randomly assigned to a 21-week exercise group (n = 10) or a control group (n = 10). The exercise group trained at low to moderate intensity for 60 minutes on two days/week. The primary outcome measurements included body composition (skinfold method) and muscle strength (one repetition maximum). RESULTS Significant differences in lean body mass, body fat and strength (p = 0.004, p = 0.004, p = 0.025, respectively) were observed between the groups at the end of the study. CONCLUSION The results suggest that exercise emphasizing resistance training promotes positive changes in body composition and strength in breast cancer patients undergoing treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Battaglini
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
2004
|
Mahajan R, Blair A, Lynch CF, Schroeder P, Hoppin JA, Sandler DP, Alavanja MC. Fonofos exposure and cancer incidence in the agricultural health study. Environ Health Perspect 2006; 114:1838-42. [PMID: 17185272 PMCID: PMC1764168 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.9301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Agricultural Health Study (AHS) is a prospective cohort study of licensed pesticide applicators from Iowa and North Carolina enrolled 1993-1997 and followed for incident cancer through 2002. A previous investigation in this cohort linked exposure to the organophosphate fonofos with incident prostate cancer in subjects with family history of prostate cancer. OBJECTIVES This finding along with findings of associations between organophosphate pesticides and cancer more broadly led to this study of fonofos and risk of any cancers among 45,372 pesticide applicators enrolled in the AHS. METHODS Pesticide exposure and other data were collected using self-administered questionnaires. Poisson regression was used to calculate rate ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) while controlling for potential confounders. RESULTS Relative to the unexposed, leukemia risk was elevated in the highest category of lifetime (RR = 2.24; 95% CI, 0.94-5.34, Ptrend = 0.07) and intensity-weighted exposure-days (RR = 2.67; 95% CI, 1.06-6.70, Ptrend = 0.04), a measure that takes into account factors that modify pesticide exposure. Although prostate cancer risk was unrelated to fonofos use overall, among applicators with a family history of prostate cancer, we observed a significant dose-response trend for lifetime exposure-days (Ptrend = 0.02, RR highest tertile vs. unexposed = 1.77, 95% CI, 1.03-3.05; RRinteraction = 1.28, 95% CI, 1.07-1.54). Intensity-weighted results were similar. No associations were observed with other examined cancer sites. CONCLUSIONS Further study is warranted to confirm findings with respect to leukemia and determine whether genetic susceptibility modifies prostate cancer risk from pesticide exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev Mahajan
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Aaron Blair
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Charles F. Lynch
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | | | - Jane A. Hoppin
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Dale P. Sandler
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Michael C.R. Alavanja
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, Maryland, USA
- Address correspondence to M.C.R. Alavanja, 6120 Executive Blvd., EPS 8000, MSC 7240, Occupational Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Telephone: (301) 435-4720. Fax: (301) 402-1819. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
2005
|
Samanic C, Rusiecki J, Dosemeci M, Hou L, Hoppin JA, Sandler DP, Lubin J, Blair A, Alavanja MC. Cancer incidence among pesticide applicators exposed to dicamba in the agricultural health study. Environ Health Perspect 2006; 114:1521-6. [PMID: 17035136 PMCID: PMC1626435 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.9204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2006] [Accepted: 07/13/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dicamba is an herbicide commonly applied to crops in the United States and abroad. We evaluated cancer incidence among pesticide applicators exposed to dicamba in the Agricultural Health Study, a prospective cohort of licensed pesticide applicators in North Carolina and Iowa. METHODS Detailed pesticide exposure information was obtained through a self-administered questionnaire completed from 1993 to 1997. Cancer incidence was followed through 31 December 2002 by linkage to state cancer registries. We used Poisson regression to estimate rate ratios and 95% confidence intervals for cancer subtypes by tertiles of dicamba exposure. Two dicamba exposure metrics were used: lifetime exposure days and intensity-weighted lifetime exposure days (lifetime days x intensity score). RESULTS A total of 41,969 applicators were included in the analysis, and 22,036 (52.5%) reported ever using dicamba. Exposure was not associated with overall cancer incidence nor were there strong associations with any specific type of cancer. When the reference group comprised low-exposed applicators, we observed a positive trend in risk between lifetime exposure days and lung cancer (p = 0.02), but none of the individual point estimates was significantly elevated. We also observed significant trends of increasing risk for colon cancer for both lifetime exposure days and intensity-weighted lifetime days, although these results are largely due to elevated risk at the highest exposure level. There was no apparent risk for non-Hodgkin lymphoma. CONCLUSIONS Although associations between exposure and lung and colon cancer were observed, we did not find clear evidence for an association between dicamba exposure and cancer risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudine Samanic
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jennifer Rusiecki
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biometrics, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mustafa Dosemeci
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Lifang Hou
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jane A. Hoppin
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Dale P. Sandler
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jay Lubin
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Aaron Blair
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael C.R. Alavanja
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2006
|
Li D, An D, Zhou Y, Liu J, Waalkes MP. Current status and prevention strategy for coal-arsenic poisoning in Guizhou, China. J Health Popul Nutr 2006; 24:273-6. [PMID: 17366768 PMCID: PMC3013247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic exposure from burning coal with high arsenic contents occurs in southwest Guizhou, China. Coal in this region contains extremely high concentrations of inorganic arsenic. Arsenic exposure from coal-burning is much higher than exposure from arsenic-contaminated water in other areas of China. The current status and prevention strategies for arsenic poisoning from burning high-arsenic coal in southwest Guizhou, China, is reported here. Over 3,000 arsenic-intoxicated patients were diagnosed based on skin lesions and urinary arsenic excretion. Non-cancerous toxicities and malignancies were much more common and severe in these patients than in other arsenic-affected populations around the world. The high incidence of cancer and arsenic-related mortality in this cohort is alarming. Chelation therapy was performed but the long-term therapeutic effects are not satisfactory. The best prevention strategy is to eliminate arsenic exposure. Funds from the Chinese Government are currently available to solve this arsenic exposure problem. Strategies include the installation of vented stoves, the use of marsh gas to replace coal, health education, the improvement of nutritional status, and the use of various therapies to treat arsenic-induced skin and liver diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dasheng Li
- Center for Disease Control of Guizhou, Guiyang, China.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
2007
|
Oudega R, Moons KGM, Karel Nieuwenhuis H, van Nierop FL, Hoes AW. Deep vein thrombosis in primary care: possible malignancy? Br J Gen Pract 2006; 56:693-6. [PMID: 16954002 PMCID: PMC1876636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increased prevalence of unrecognised malignancy in patients with deep vein thrombosis (DVT) has been well established in secondary care settings. However, data from primary care settings, needed to tailor the diagnostic workup, are lacking. AIM To quantify the prevalence of unrecognised malignancy in primary care patients who have been diagnosed with DVT. DESIGN Prospective follow-up study. SETTING All primary care physicians affiliated/associated with a non-teaching hospital in a geographically circumscribed region participated in the study. METHOD A total of 430 consecutive patients without known malignancy, but with proven DVT were included in the study and compared with a control group of 442 primary care patients, matched according to age and sex. Previously unrecognised, occult malignancy was considered present if a new malignancy was diagnosed within 2 years following DVT diagnosis (DVT group) or inclusion in the control group. Patients with DVT were categorised in to those with unprovoked idiopathic DVT and those with risk factors for DVT (that is, secondary DVT). RESULTS During the 2-year follow-up period, a new malignancy was diagnosed 3.6 times more often in patients with idiopathic DVT than in the control group (2-year incidence: 7.4% and 2.0%, respectively). The incidence in patients with secondary DVT was 2.6%; only slightly higher than in control patients. CONCLUSION Unrecognised malignancies are more common in both primary and secondary care patients with DVT than in the general population. In particular, patients with idiopathic DVT are at risk and they could benefit from individualised case-finding to detect malignancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruud Oudega
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary care, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
2008
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND We recently reported a link between use of the organophosphate pesticide phorate and risk of prostate cancer among applicators with a family history of prostate cancer in the Agricultural Health Study (AHS). OBJECTIVE This finding, together with findings of associations between other organophosphate pesticides and cancer more broadly, prompted us to examine phorate exposure and overall cancer incidence in the AHS. Adding 3 years of follow-up and using more detailed exposure information allowed us to see whether the prostate cancer finding held. METHODS The AHS is a prospective study of licensed restricted-use pesticide applicators from North Carolina and Iowa. To our knowledge, this is the largest examination of workers occupationally exposed to phorate. Pesticide exposure and other information was collected using two self-administered questionnaires completed from 1993 to 1997. Poisson regression was used to calculate rate ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI), adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS Phorate use was not related to the incidence of all cancers combined or to any individual cancer, although we had insufficient numbers to study non-Hodgkin lymphoma or leukemia, which have been linked to organophosphates in other studies. Although prostate cancer risk was not significantly related to phorate use overall or among those without a family history, the risk tended to increase among applicators with a family history of prostate cancer. The interaction RR was 1.53 (95% CI, 0.99-2.37). CONCLUSION The observed statistical interaction suggests a gene-environment interaction between family history and phorate exposure in the incidence of prostate cancer, but other explanations are also possible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev Mahajan
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer
Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes
of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Matthew R. Bonner
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer
Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes
of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Jane A. Hoppin
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National
Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research
Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Michael C.R. Alavanja
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer
Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes
of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, Maryland, USA
- Address correspondence to M.C.R. Alavanja, 6120 Executive Blvd., EPS 8000, Occupational
and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer
Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland 20852 USA. Telephone: (301) 435-4720. Fax: (301) 402-1819. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
2009
|
McLean D, Pearce N, Langseth H, Jäppinen P, Szadkowska-Stanczyk I, Persson B, Wild P, Kishi R, Lynge E, Henneberger P, Sala M, Teschke K, Kauppinen T, Colin D, Kogevinas M, Boffetta P. Cancer mortality in workers exposed to organochlorine compounds in the pulp and paper industry: an international collaborative study. Environ Health Perspect 2006; 114:1007-12. [PMID: 16835051 PMCID: PMC1513323 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.8588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate cancer mortality in pulp and paper industry workers exposed to chlorinated organic compounds. We assembled a multinational cohort of workers employed between 1920 and 1996 in 11 countries. Exposure to both volatile and nonvolatile organochlorine compounds was estimated at the department level using an exposure matrix. We conducted a standardized mortality ratio (SMR) analysis based on age and calendar-period-specific national mortality rates and a Poisson regression analysis. The study population consisted of 60,468 workers. Workers exposed to volatile organochlorines experienced a deficit of all-cause [SMR = 0.91; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.89-0.93] and all-cancer (SMR = 0.93; 95% CI, 0.89-0.97) mortality, with no evidence of increased risks for any cancer of a priori interest. There was a weak, but statistically significant, trend of increasing risk of all-cancer mortality with increasing weighted cumulative exposure. A similar deficit in all-cause (SMR = 0.94; 95% CI, 0.91-0.96) and all-cancer (SMR = 0.94; 95% CI, 0.89-1.00) mortality was observed in those exposed to nonvolatile organochlorines. No excess risk was observed in cancers of a priori interest, although mortality from Hodgkin disease was elevated (SMR = 1.76; 95% CI, 1.02-2.82) . In this study we found little evidence that exposure to organochlorines at the levels experienced in the pulp and paper industry is associated with an increased risk of cancer, apart from a weak but significant association between all-cancer mortality and weighted cumulative volatile organochlorine exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David McLean
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France; Center for Public Health Research, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
2010
|
Touvier M, Kesse E, Volatier JL, Clavel-Chapelon F, Boutron-Ruault MC. Dietary and cancer-related behaviors of vitamin/mineral dietary supplement users in a large cohort of French women. Eur J Nutr 2006; 45:205-14. [PMID: 16382374 PMCID: PMC1973945 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-006-0587-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2005] [Accepted: 10/20/2005] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several epidemiological studies suggested an association between vitamin/mineral dietary supplement use and cancer risk. However, characteristics of supplement users may themselves be related to cancer risk, and therefore could confound such etiological studies. Very little is known about the characteristics of French supplement users. AIM OF THE STUDY To identify cancer-related behaviors and dietary characteristics of vitamin/mineral supplement users in the E3N cohort of French women. METHODS Data on supplement use and cancer-related and socio-demographic characteristics were collected by self-administered questionnaires completed by 83,058 women, 67,229 of whom also completed a food frequency questionnaire. Supplement users were compared to non-users by unconditional logistic regression. RESULTS Vitamin/mineral supplement users were significantly older and leaner (odds ratio [OR] for BMI >or= 30 vs. <18.5 kg/m2 = 0.35, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.31-0.39), were less often current smokers, had a higher level of education and had more leisure physical activity. They used more phytooestrogen supplements (OR=3.95, 95 % CI 3.69-4.23), had more often a family history of breast cancer and had more often undergone cancer-screening. Users tended to have a healthier diet: less alcohol, more vegetables, fruit, dairy products, fish and soups. They had higher dietary intakes for most micro-nutrients, fiber and omega3 fatty acids, lower fat intake and either similar or lower prevalence of inadequate dietary intake for all relevant nutrients except magnesium. CONCLUSIONS To avoid major confounding, the lifestyle characteristics of supplement users should be considered in studies investigating the association between supplement use and cancer risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Touvier
- Agence Française de Sécurité Sanitaire des Aliments
AFSSADERNS/OCA, Maisons-Alfort,FR
| | - Emanuelle Kesse
- Nutrition, hormones et cancer: épidémiologie et prévention
INSERM : ERI20 IFR69Université Paris Sud - Paris XI EA4045Institut Gustave-Roussy
39 rue Camille Desmoulins
94805 Villejuif CEDEX,FR
| | - Jean-Luc Volatier
- Agence Française de Sécurité Sanitaire des Aliments
AFSSADERNS/OCA, Maisons-Alfort,FR
| | - Françoise Clavel-Chapelon
- Nutrition, hormones et cancer: épidémiologie et prévention
INSERM : ERI20 IFR69Université Paris Sud - Paris XI EA4045Institut Gustave-Roussy
39 rue Camille Desmoulins
94805 Villejuif CEDEX,FR
| | - Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault
- Nutrition, hormones et cancer: épidémiologie et prévention
INSERM : ERI20 IFR69Université Paris Sud - Paris XI EA4045Institut Gustave-Roussy
39 rue Camille Desmoulins
94805 Villejuif CEDEX,FR
| |
Collapse
|
2011
|
Abstract
The human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) promoter can be used for the tumor-specific expression of transgenes in order to induce selective cancer cell death. The hTERT core promoter is active in cancer cells but not in normal cells. To examine whether the combination of TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) treatment and cancer cell-selective expression of the TRAIL-death receptor could induce cell death in TRAIL-resistant cancer cells, we generated a death receptor-4 (DR4)-expressing adenovirus (Ad-hTERT-DR4), in which the expression of DR4 is driven by the hTERT promoter. Upon infection, DR4 expression was slightly increased in cancer cell lines, and cell death was observed in TRAIL-resistant cancer cell lines but not in normal human cells when DR4 infection was combined with TRAIL treatment. We also generated an adenovirus that expresses a secretable isoleucine zipper (ILZ)-fused, extracellular portion of TRAIL (Ad-ILZ- TRAIL). In cells infected with Ad-ILZ-TRAIL, TRAIL was expressed, secreted, oligomerized and biologically active in the induction of apoptosis in TRAIL-sensitive cancer cells. When Ad-hTERT-DR4 infected TRAIL-resistant HCE4 cells and Ad-ILZ-TRAIL infected TRAIL-resistant HCE7 cells were co-cultured, cell deaths were evident 24 h after co-culture. Taken together, our results reveal that the combination of TRAIL and cancer cell-specific expression of DR4 has the potential to overcome the resistance of cancer cells to TRAIL without inducing significant cell death in normal cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eunah Choi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science of Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Youngtae Kim
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science of Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kunhong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science of Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
2012
|
Ward MH, deKok TM, Levallois P, Brender J, Gulis G, Nolan BT, VanDerslice J. Workgroup report: Drinking-water nitrate and health--recent findings and research needs. Environ Health Perspect 2005; 113:1607-14. [PMID: 16263519 PMCID: PMC1310926 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.8043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 327] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2005] [Accepted: 06/23/2005] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Human alteration of the nitrogen cycle has resulted in steadily accumulating nitrate in our water resources. The U.S. maximum contaminant level and World Health Organization guidelines for nitrate in drinking water were promulgated to protect infants from developing methemoglobinemia, an acute condition. Some scientists have recently suggested that the regulatory limit for nitrate is overly conservative; however, they have not thoroughly considered chronic health outcomes. In August 2004, a symposium on drinking-water nitrate and health was held at the International Society for Environmental Epidemiology meeting to evaluate nitrate exposures and associated health effects in relation to the current regulatory limit. The contribution of drinking-water nitrate toward endogenous formation of N-nitroso compounds was evaluated with a focus toward identifying subpopulations with increased rates of nitrosation. Adverse health effects may be the result of a complex interaction of the amount of nitrate ingested, the concomitant ingestion of nitrosation cofactors and precursors, and specific medical conditions that increase nitrosation. Workshop participants concluded that more experimental studies are needed and that a particularly fruitful approach may be to conduct epidemiologic studies among susceptible subgroups with increased endogenous nitrosation. The few epidemiologic studies that have evaluated intake of nitrosation precursors and/or nitrosation inhibitors have observed elevated risks for colon cancer and neural tube defects associated with drinking-water nitrate concentrations below the regulatory limit. The role of drinking-water nitrate exposure as a risk factor for specific cancers, reproductive outcomes, and other chronic health effects must be studied more thoroughly before changes to the regulatory level for nitrate in drinking water can be considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mary H Ward
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
2013
|
Abstract
The Korean Cancer Pain Assessment Tool (KCPAT), which was developed in 2003, consists of questions concerning the location of pain, the nature of pain, the present pain intensity, the symptoms associated with the pain, and psychosocial/spiritual pain assessments. This study was carried out to evaluate the reliability and validity of the KCPAT. A stratified, proportional-quota, clustered, systematic sampling procedure was used. The study population (903 cancer patients) was 1% of the target population (90,252 cancer patients). A total of 314 (34.8%) questionnaires were collected. The results showed that the average pain score (5 point on Likert scale) according to the cancer type and the at-present average pain score (VAS, 0-10) were correlated (r=0.56, p<0.0001), and showed moderate agreement (kappa=0.364). The mean satisfaction score was 3.8 (1-5). The average time to complete the questionnaire was 8.9 min. In conclusion, the KCPAT is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing cancer pain in Koreans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeong A Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Youn Seon Choi
- Department of Family Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Juneyoung Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeanno Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Bobath Memorial Hospital, Seoungnam, Korea
| | - Myung Ah Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang Hwan Yeom
- Department of Family Medicine, Kwandong University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Duck Mi Yoon
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jun Suk Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
2014
|
Di Quinzio ML, Dewar RA, Burge FI, Veugelers PJ. Family physician visits and early recognition of melanoma. Can J Public Health 2005; 96:136-9. [PMID: 15850035 PMCID: PMC6976111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malignant melanoma is a deadly skin cancer with a rapidly-increasing incidence, mortality and public health burden. Thin melanomas are easily treated with good prognosis, while the thicker lesions have relatively poor survival. To broaden strategies for early recognition of melanoma, we investigated the relationship between primary care service and melanoma thickness at diagnosis. METHODS All 714 patients diagnosed with a primary malignant melanoma between January 1995 and December 1999 in Nova Scotia were included in the present study and linked to provincial physician billing databases to reveal the patients' use of family physician services prior to the diagnosis of melanoma. We examined the importance of physician use of services for tumour thickness using logistic regression while adjusting for potential confounders. Tumour thickness was dichotomized to thin and thick using 0.75 mm as a cutoff. RESULTS Patients who regularly visited their family physician (2 to 5 times during a two-year interval prior to diagnosis) were 66% (95% CI, 31-84) less likely to be diagnosed with thick melanoma as compared to patients who consulted their family physician less or not at all. Progression to thick tumours could have been reduced by 11.70% (95% CI, -1.33-25.77) if all patients had consulted their family physician at least once a year. DISCUSSION Increased awareness of the need for regular medical check-ups could reduce the public health burden of melanoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melanie L. Di Quinzio
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS Canada
| | | | | | - Paul J. Veugelers
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS Canada
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Alberta, Room 13-106D Clinical Sciences Building, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G3 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2015
|
Gagnon B, Low G, Schreier G. Methylphenidate hydrochloride improves cognitive function in patients with advanced cancer and hypoactive delirium: a prospective clinical study. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2005; 30:100-7. [PMID: 15798785 PMCID: PMC551162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the clinical improvement observed in patients with advanced cancer and hypoactive delirium after the administration of methylphenidate hydrochloride. METHODS Fourteen patients with advanced cancer and hypoactive delirium were seen between March 1999 and August 2000 at the Palliative Care Day Hospital and the inpatient Tertiary Palliative Care Unit of Montreal General Hospital, Montreal. They were chosen for inclusion in a prospective clinical study on the basis of (1) cognitive failure documented by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), (2) sleep-wake pattern disturbances, (3) psychomotor retardation, (4) absence of delusions or hallucinations, and (5) absence of an underlying cause to explain the delirium. All patients were treated with methylphenidate, and changes in their cognitive function were measured using the MMSE. RESULTS All 14 patients showed improvement in their cognitive function as documented by the MMSE. The median pretreatment MMSE score (maximum score 30) was 21 (mean 20.9, standard deviation [SD] 4.9), which improved to a median of 27 (mean 24.9, SD 4.7) after the first dose of methylphenidate (p < 0.001, matched, paired Wilcoxon signed rank test). One patient died before reaching a stable dose of methylphenidate. In the other 13 patients, the median MMSE score further improved to 28 (mean 27.8, SD 2.4) (p = 0.02 compared with the median MMSE score documented 1 hour after the first dose of methylphenidate). All patients showed an improvement in psychomotor activities. CONCLUSIONS Hypoactive delirium that cannot be explained by an underlying cause (metabolic or drug-induced) in patients with advanced cancer appears to be a specific syndrome that could be improved by the administration of methylphenidate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Gagnon
- Division of Palliative Care, Department of Oncology, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
2016
|
Ebbert JO, Janney CA, Sellers TA, Folsom AR, Cerhan JR. The association of alcohol consumption with coronary heart disease mortality and cancer incidence varies by smoking history. J Gen Intern Med 2005; 20:14-20. [PMID: 15693922 PMCID: PMC1490037 DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1497.2005.40129.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of alcohol on coronary heart disease (CHD), cancer incidence, and cancer mortality by smoking history. DESIGN/SETTING A prospective, general community cohort was established with a baseline mailed questionnaire completed in 1986. PARTICIPANTS A population-based sample of 41,836 Iowa women aged 55-69 years. MEASUREMENTS Mortality (total, cancer, and CHD) and cancer incidence outcomes were collected through 1999. Relative hazard rates (HR) were calculated using Cox regression analyses. MAIN RESULTS Among never smokers, alcohol consumption (> or =14 g/day vs none) was inversely associated with age-adjusted CHD mortality (HR, 0.40; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.19 to 0.84) and total mortality (HR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.55 to 0.92). Among former smokers, alcohol consumption was also inversely associated with CHD mortality (HR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.23 to 0.88) and total mortality (HR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.62 to 0.97), but was positively associated with cancer incidence (HR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.03 to 1.51). Among current smokers, alcohol consumption was not associated with CHD mortality (HR, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.73 to 1.50) or total mortality (HR, 1.07; 95% CI, 0.92 to 1.25), but was positively associated with cancer incidence (HR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.10 to 1.54). CONCLUSIONS Health behavior counseling regarding alcohol consumption for cardioprotection should include a discussion of the lack of a decreased risk of CHD mortality for current smokers and the increased cancer risk among former and current smokers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jon O Ebbert
- Nicotine Research Center, Division of Community Internal Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
2017
|
Abstract
Cystic hypersecretory lesions of the breast are rare. These breast lesions include cystic hypersecretory hyperplasia (CHH), atypical CHH, and cystic hypersecretory carcinoma (CHC). The characteristic features are dilated ducts and cysts filled with thyroid colloid-like eosinophilic secretion. Only seven cases of invasive CHC have been reported in the literature. Here, we report an additional case of invasive CHC. The histologic features of the tumor showed both micropapillary intraductal carcinoma and focal high-grade invasive carcinoma in a background of CHH. This case suggests that cystic hypersecretory breast lesions encompass a spectrum of pathologic lesions including CHH, atypical CHH, CHC, and invasive CHC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Shin Lee
- Department of Pathology, Seonam University College of Medicine, 720 Kwangchi-dong, Namwon 590-711, Korea.
| | | |
Collapse
|
2018
|
Oeffinger KC, Mertens AC, Hudson MM, Gurney JG, Casillas J, Chen H, Whitton J, Yeazel M, Yasui Y, Robison LL. Health care of young adult survivors of childhood cancer: a report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study. Ann Fam Med 2004; 2:61-70. [PMID: 15053285 PMCID: PMC1466633 DOI: 10.1370/afm.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 280] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We wanted to determine the type of outpatient medical care reported by young adult survivors of childhood cancer and to examine factors associated with limited medical care. METHODS We analyzed data from 9,434 adult childhood cancer survivors enrolled in a retrospective cohort study who completed a baseline questionnaire. They had a mean age of 26.8 years (range 18 to 48 years), 47% were female, 12% were minorities, and 16% were uninsured. Four self-reported outcome measures were used to determine outpatient medical care in a 2-year period: general contact with the health care system, general physical examination, cancer-related medical visit, and medical visit at a cancer center. RESULTS Eighty-seven percent reported general medical contact, 71.4% a general physical examination, 41.9% a cancer-related visit, and 19.2%, a visit at a cancer center. Factors associated with not reporting a general physical examination, a cancer-related visit, or a cancer center visit included no health insurance (odds ratio [OR] = 2.34; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.97-2.77), male sex (OR = 1.65; 95% CI, 1.44-1.88), lack of concern for future health (OR = 1.57; 95% CI, 1.36-1.82), and age 30 years or older in comparison with those 18 to 29 years (OR = 1.56; 95% CI, 1.35-1.81). The likelihood of reporting a cancer-related visit or a general physical examination decreased significantly as the survivor aged or the time from cancer diagnosis increased. This trend was also significant for those treated with therapies associated with substantial risk for cardiovascular disease or breast cancer. CONCLUSIONS Primary care physicians provide health care for most of this growing high-risk population. To optimize risk-based care, it is critical that cancer centers and primary care physicians develop methods to communicate effectively and longitudinally.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin C Oeffinger
- Department of Family Practice and Community Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex 75390-9067, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
2019
|
Trikha M, Corringham R, Klein B, Rossi JF. Targeted anti-interleukin-6 monoclonal antibody therapy for cancer: a review of the rationale and clinical evidence. Clin Cancer Res 2003; 9:4653-65. [PMID: 14581334 PMCID: PMC2929399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-6, a pleiotropic cytokine with varied systemic functions, plays a major role in inflammatory processes. It modulates the transcription of several liver-specific genes during acute inflammatory states, particularly C-reactive protein, and controls the survival of normal plasmablastic cells. In addition, IL-6 has been implicated in hematopoiesis as a cofactor in stem cell amplification and differentiation. This article is the first review of clinical studies in the 1990s with anti-IL-6 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in the treatment of patients with cancer and related lymphoproliferative disorders. In six clinical studies of mAbs to IL-6 with BE-8 or CNTO 328 in patients with multiple myeloma, renal cell carcinoma, and B-lymphoproliferative disorders, anti-IL-6 mAb treatment decreased C-reactive protein levels in all patients. In most patients, levels decreased below detectable limits. The antibodies were well tolerated, and no serious adverse effects were observed in the vast majority of studies. The fact that anti-IL-6 mAb therapy decreased the incidence of cancer-related anorexia and cachexia may also be useful in the treatment of cancer patients.
Collapse
|
2020
|
Abstract
Cellular FLIP (c-FLIP), also known as FLICE-inhibitory protein, has been identified as an inhibitor of apoptosis triggered by engagement of death receptors (DRs) such as Fas or TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand). cFLIP is recruited to DR signalling complexes, where it prevents caspase activation. Animal models have indicated that c-FLIP plays an important role in T cell proliferation and heart development. Abnormal c-FLIP expression has been identified in various diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS), Alzheimer's disease (AD), diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and various cancers. This review focuses on recent insights into c-FLIP dysregulation associated with human diseases and addresses the possibilities of using c-FLIP as a therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Micheau
- INSERM 517, IFR100, Faculty of Medicine, 7 Boulevard Jeanne d'Arc, 21079 Dijon cedex, France.
| |
Collapse
|
2021
|
Krakowski I, Theobald S, Balp L, Bonnefoi MP, Chvetzoff G, Collard O, Collin E, Couturier M, Delorme T, Duclos R, Eschalier A, Fergane B, Larue F, Magnet M, Minello C, Navez ML, Richard A, Richard B, Rostaing-Rigattieri S, Rousselot H, Santolaria N, Torloting G, Toussaint S, Vuillemin N, Wagner JP, Fabre N. Summary version of the Standards, Options and Recommendations for the use of analgesia for the treatment of nociceptive pain in adults with cancer (update 2002). Br J Cancer 2003; 89 Suppl 1:S67-72. [PMID: 12915905 PMCID: PMC2753010 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6601086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- I Krakowski
- Centre Alexis Vautrin, Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
2022
|
Abstract
Data from the Swedish Cancer Register 1987-1996 were used to examine seasonal trends in the diagnosis of cancer. For melanomas, prostate, breast and thyroid cancer there were clear seasonal variations with reductions in the number of cases reported during the summer and December that are likely to reflect mainly hospital delays.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Lambe
- Department of Medical Epidemiology, Karolinska Institutet, PO Box 281, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
2023
|
Abstract
This open-label, prospective study was conducted to compare the impact of epoetin beta vs standard care on quality of life (QoL) in anaemic patients with lymphoid or solid tumour malignancies. A total of 262 anaemic patients (haemoglobin [Hb]<or=11 g dl(-1)) were randomised to a 12-week treatment with s.c. epoetin beta (initial dose 150 IU kg(-1) three times weekly) or standard care. Transfusions were recommended for both groups at an Hb threshold of 8.5 g dl(-1). The primary efficacy variables were improvement in QoL as measured using the Short-Form-36 physical component summary (SF-36 PCS) score and the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy fatigue and anaemia subscales (FACT-F and FACT-An). A visual analogue scale (VAS) was also used as a global QoL measure. Clinical response was defined as a >or=2 g dl(-1) increase in Hb level without need of transfusion after the initial 4 weeks of treatment. Baseline to final visit changes in SF-36 PCS, FACT-F and VAS scores were significantly greater with epoetin beta than with standard care (P<0.05); changes in FACT-An subscale score tended to be greater with epoetin beta (P=0.076). Epoetin beta significantly increased Hb concentrations relative to standard care (responders: 47% vs 13%; P<0.001). Levels of endogenous erythropoietin <50 mIU ml(-1) were significantly predictive of response (OR 2.496, 95% CI: 1.21-5.13). Epoetin beta therapy significantly improves QoL compared with standard care in anaemic patients with solid tumours and lymphoid malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Boogaerts
- Labo Hematologie Transplant, U.Z. Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
2024
|
Abstract
The approach to the radiological and clinical evaluation of adrenal masses in the oncologic and non-oncologic patient is discussed. In addition, the value of unenhanced and enhanced CT densitometry with emphasis on the washout features to distinguish between lipid-rich and lipid-poor adenomas and malignant lesions is detailed. The roles of magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography in distinguishing benign from malignant adrenal masses will also be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isaac R. Francis
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Health System, Box 30, 1500, East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-0030 USA
| |
Collapse
|
2025
|
Francis IR. Cystic pancreatic neoplasms. Cancer Imaging 2003. [PMCID: PMC4448650 DOI: 10.1102/1470-7330.2003.0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic pancreatic neoplasms are uncommon, but are being seen more frequently due to the widespread use of cross-sectional imaging. In this article, we will address the clinical and imaging features of the more commonly seen neoplasms. Points of differentiation between these neoplasms, the use of cyst fluid analysis and an approach to the incidentally discovered cystic mass will be addressed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isaac R. Francis
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Health System, Box 30, 1500, East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-0030 USA
| |
Collapse
|
2026
|
Glaspy JA, Jadeja JS, Justice G, Kessler J, Richards D, Schwartzberg L, Tchekmedyian NS, Armstrong S, O'Byrne J, Rossi G, Colowick AB. Darbepoetin alfa given every 1 or 2 weeks alleviates anaemia associated with cancer chemotherapy. Br J Cancer 2002; 87:268-76. [PMID: 12177793 PMCID: PMC2364226 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6600465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2001] [Revised: 05/09/2002] [Accepted: 05/28/2002] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In part A of this study, patients were randomised to cohorts receiving darbepoetin alfa at doses of 0.5 to 8.0 m.c.g x kg(-1) x wk(-1) or to a control group receiving epoetin alfa at an initial dose of 150 U x kg(-1) three times weekly. In part B, the cohorts were darbepoetin alfa 3.0 to 9.0 m.c.g x kg(-1) every 2 weeks or epoetin alfa, initial dose 40 000 U x wk(-1). Safety was assessed by adverse events, changes in blood pressure, and formation of antibodies to darbepoetin alfa. Efficacy was assessed by several haematologic endpoints, including change in haemoglobin from baseline. The adverse event profile of darbepoetin alfa was similar to that of epoetin alfa. No relationship between the rapidity of haemoglobin response and any adverse event was observed. No antibodies to darbepoetin alfa were detected. Higher doses of darbepoetin alfa increased the proportion of patients with a haemoglobin response and decreased the median time to response. The overall dose of darbepoetin alfa required to produce a mean increase in haemoglobin does not increase when the dosing interval is increased from 1 to 2 weeks. Therapy with darbepoetin alfa is safe and effective in producing a dose-related increase in haemoglobin levels in patients with cancer receiving chemotherapy.
Collapse
|
2027
|
Nguyen LT, Elford AR, Murakami K, Garza KM, Schoenberger SP, Odermatt B, Speiser DE, Ohashi PS. Tumor growth enhances cross-presentation leading to limited T cell activation without tolerance. J Exp Med 2002; 195:423-35. [PMID: 11854356 PMCID: PMC2193619 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20010032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Using a tumor model of spontaneously arising insulinomas expressing a defined tumor-associated antigen, we investigated whether tumor growth promotes cross-presentation and tolerance of tumor-specific T cells. We found that an advanced tumor burden enhanced cross-presentation of tumor-associated antigens to high avidity tumor-specific T cells, inducing T cell proliferation and limited effector function in vivo. However, contrary to other models, tumor-specific T cells were not tolerized despite a high tumor burden. In fact, in tumor-bearing mice, persistence and responsiveness of adoptively transferred tumor-specific T cells were enhanced. Accordingly, a potent T cell-mediated antitumor response could be elicited by intravenous administration of tumor-derived peptide and agonistic anti-CD40 antibody or viral immunization and reimmunization. Thus, in this model, tumor growth promotes activation of high avidity tumor-specific T cells instead of tolerance. Therefore, the host remains responsive to T cell immunotherapy.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adoptive Transfer
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antigen Presentation
- Antigens, Neoplasm/immunology
- Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate/administration & dosage
- Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate/immunology
- CD40 Antigens/immunology
- Cell Division
- Flow Cytometry
- Hyaluronan Receptors/immunology
- Hyaluronan Receptors/metabolism
- Hypoglycemia/complications
- Immune Tolerance
- Immunologic Surveillance
- Immunotherapy, Active
- Insulinoma/complications
- Insulinoma/immunology
- Insulinoma/pathology
- Insulinoma/therapy
- Lymph Nodes/immunology
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Radiation Chimera
- Survival Analysis
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/cytology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- Time Factors
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linh T Nguyen
- Departments of Immunology and Medical Biophysics, Ontario Cancer Institute, 610 University Ave., Toronto, Ontario M5G 2M9, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
2028
|
Abstract
A variety of neoplasms can develop in each fetal organ. Most fetal neoplasms can be detected by careful prenatal ultrasonographic examination. Some neoplasms show specific ultrasonographic findings suggesting the differential diagnosis, but others do not. Knowledge of the presence of a neoplasm in the fetus may alter the prenatal management of a pregnancy and the mode of delivery, and facilitates immediate postnatal treatment. During the last five years, we experienced 32 cases of fetal neoplasms in a variety of organs. We describe their typical ultrasonographic findings with correlating postnatal CT, MRI, and pathologic findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Hyun Lee
- Department of Radiology, Samsung Cheil Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong Yeon Cho
- Department of Radiology, Samsung Cheil Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi Jin Song
- Department of Radiology, Samsung Cheil Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jee-Yeon Min
- Department of Radiology, Samsung Cheil Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byoung Hee Han
- Department of Radiology, Samsung Cheil Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Ho Lee
- Department of Radiology, Samsung Cheil Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung Jae Cho
- Department of Radiology, Samsung Cheil Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Hyup Kim
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
2029
|
Takehara Y, Sakahara H, Masunaga H, Isogai S, Kodaira N, Takeda H, Saga T, Nakajima S, Sakata I. Tumour enhancement with newly developed Mn-metalloporphyrin (HOP-9P) in magnetic resonance imaging of mice. Br J Cancer 2001; 84:1681-5. [PMID: 11401324 PMCID: PMC2363677 DOI: 10.1054/bjoc.2001.1802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the study is to evaluate the tumour enhancing characteristics and biodistribution of a newly developed metalloporphyrin derivative, HOP-9P (13, 17-bis (1-carboxypropionyl) carbamoylethyl-3, 8-bis (1-phenylpropyloxyethyl)-2,7,12,18-tetra- methyl-porphynato manganese (III)). Seven mice bearing SCC VII tumours were imaged using T1-weighted conventional spin echo magnetic resonance images before and 5 min, 2 h and 24 h after intravenous injection of 0.1 mmol/kg of HOP-9P. For the acquired images, signal intensities of the tumour, muscle and oil-phantom were measured. Then, tumor/oil and tumor/muscle signal intensity ratios were calculated. Nineteen mice were sacrificed before or after the administration of HOP-9P (at 5 min, 2 h and 24 h), and the biodistribution of manganese in the tumour, muscle, liver, blood and kidneys was measured using optical emission spectrometers and was expressed as micrograms of manganese per gram of tissue. The tumour/muscle signal intensity ratio at 24 h (3.18 +/- 0.34) was significantly higher than precontrast ratio (1.77 +/- 0.20) (P < 0.05). The biodistribution assessment of manganese demonstrated that HOP-9P gradually and consistently accumulated in the tumour to reach the highest concentration at 24 h (3.49 +/- 1.22 micro gMn/g). It is concluded that HOP-9P is a potential tumour-specific MR contrast agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Takehara
- Department of Radiology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 3600 Handa, Hamamtsu 431-3192, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
2030
|
Knekt P, Adlercreutz H, Rissanen H, Aromaa A, Teppo L, Heliövaara M. Does antibacterial treatment for urinary tract infection contribute to the risk of breast cancer? Br J Cancer 2000; 82:1107-10. [PMID: 10737394 PMCID: PMC2374435 DOI: 10.1054/bjoc.1999.1047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Low lignan status has been reported to be related to an elevated risk of breast cancer. Since lignan status is reduced by antibacterial medications, it is plausible to hypothesize that repeated use of antibiotics may also be a risk factor for breast cancer. History of treatment for urinary tract infection was studied for its prediction of breast cancer among 9,461 Finnish women 19-89 years of age and initially cancer-free. During a follow-up in 1973-1991, a total of 157 breast cancer cases were diagnosed. Women reporting previous or present medication for urinary tract infection at baseline showed an elevated breast cancer risk in comparison with other women. The age-adjusted relative risk was 1.34 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.98-1.83). The association was concentrated to women under 50 years of age. The relative risk for these women was 1.74 (95% CI 1.13-2.68), whereas it was 0.97 (95% CI 0.59-1.58) for older women. The relative risk in the younger age-group was 1.47 (95% CI 0.73-2.97) during the first 10 years of follow-up, and 1.93 (95% CI 1.11-3.37) for follow-up times longer than 10 years. These data suggest that premenopausal women using long-term medication for urinary tract infections show a possible elevated risk of future breast cancer. The results are, however, still inconclusive and the hypothesis needs to be tested by other studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Knekt
- National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
2031
|
Evelhoch JL, Gillies RJ, Karczmar GS, Koutcher JA, Maxwell RJ, Nalcioglu O, Raghunand N, Ronen SM, Ross BD, Swartz HM. Applications of magnetic resonance in model systems: cancer therapeutics. Neoplasia 2000; 2:152-65. [PMID: 10933074 PMCID: PMC1531871 DOI: 10.1038/sj.neo.7900078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The lack of information regarding the metabolism and pathophysiology of individual tumors limits, in part, both the development of new anti-cancer therapies and the optimal implementation of currently available treatments. Magnetic resonance [MR, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR)] provides a powerful tool to assess many aspects of tumor metabolism and pathophysiology. Moreover, since this information can be obtained nondestructively, pre-clinical results from cellular or animal models are often easily translated into the clinic. This review presents selected examples of how MR has been used to identify metabolic changes associated with apoptosis, detect therapeutic response prior to a change in tumor volume, optimize the combination of metabolic inhibitors with chemotherapy and/or radiation, characterize and exploit the influence of tumor pH on the effectiveness of chemotherapy, characterize tumor reoxygenation and the effects of modifiers of tumor oxygenation in individual tumors, image transgene expression and assess the efficacy of gene therapy. These examples provide an overview of several of the areas in which cellular and animal model studies using MR have contributed to our understanding of the effects of treatment on tumor metabolism and pathophysiology and the importance of tumor metabolism and pathophysiology as determinants of therapeutic response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J L Evelhoch
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute and Department of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
2032
|
Abstract
Energy balance results from the exact equilibrium between caloric intake and caloric expenditure. A caloric intake larger than caloric expenditure results in overweight, even obesity, but other determinants, like hormonal dysfunction and/or genetic traits may play a part in obesity syndrome. Obesity, and even overweight, have been recognized as risk factors for the development of cancers. Human epidemiological studies, which have tended to establish the nature of the relationship between energy balance and cancer, are summarized first, with the influence of the various factors which act both on obesity and on cancer risk. Among these factors are the macronutrients responsible for the caloric intake, and some lifestyle factors (physical activity, drinking habits and tobacco use). Second, the animal studies help to distinguish between different relevant factors, and to understand some of the underlying mechanisms. However, the insulin-resistance syndrome, which appears to underlie the relationship between obesity and hormone-dependent cancers, and possibly colon cancer, is only relevant to human physiology because hormonal alterations are part of it. Prevention of hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance and the accompanying visceral obesity appears to be a major public health task for the prevention of cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Denis Corpet
- XENOBIOTIQUES, Xénobiotiques
INRA : UR1089Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de ToulouseFR
| |
Collapse
|
2033
|
Stroner PL, Brewster DH, Dewar JA, Eremin O, Gould A, Howard GC, Kaye SB. In pursuit of excellence for patients with cancer: the Scottish Cancer Therapy Network model. Br J Cancer 1999; 79:1641-5. [PMID: 10206271 PMCID: PMC2362781 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6690262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The Scottish Cancer Therapy Network (SCTN) was created against a background of rising concerns about perceived variation in the quality of care available to patients with cancer. SCTN has established itself as a major organization with the necessary recognition and infrastructure to provide leadership, support and impetus in the field of clinical guidelines, clinical audit and clinical trials of cancer therapy in Scotland. Since being formed in 1993, SCTN has been instrumental in the development of three evidence-based, clinical guidelines and in the completion of detailed, national, retrospective audits of the treatment of five major tumour sites. The infrastructure has been used successfully to support and encourage trial participation. Challenges for the future are a re-orientation towards prospective audit, widening the constituency and sense of ownership of SCTN as a resource for practising clinicians, and further increasing recruitment into clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P L Stroner
- Information & Statistics Division, National Health Service in Scotland, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
2034
|
Abstract
Uncontrolled studies have reported that fatigue is a common symptom among patients with advanced cancer. It is also a frequent complaint among the general population. Simply asking cancer patients whether or not they feel fatigued does not distinguish between the 'background' level of this symptom in the community and any 'excess' arising as a result of illness. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of fatigue among palliative care inpatients in comparison with a control group of age and sex-matched volunteers without cancer. In addition, the correlates of fatigue were investigated. The prevalence of 'severe subjective fatigue' (defined as fatigue greater than that experienced by 95% of the control group) was found to be 75%. Patients were malnourished, had diminished muscle function and were suffering from a number of physical and mental symptoms. The severity of fatigue was unrelated to age, sex, diagnosis, presence or site of metastases, anaemia, dose of opioid or steroid, any of the haematological or biochemical indices (except urea), nutritional status, voluntary muscle function, or mood. A multivariate analysis found that fatigue severity was significantly associated with pain and dypnoea scores in the patients, and with the symptoms of anxiety and depression in the controls. The authors conclude that subjective fatigue is both prevalent and severe among patients with advanced cancer. The causes of this symptom remain obscure. Further work is required in order to determine if the associations reported between fatigue and pain and between fatigue and dyspnoea are causal or coincidental.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Stone
- Department of Palliative Medicine, The Royal Marsden NHS Trust, Sutton, Surrey, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
2035
|
Abstract
To examine the association between gallstones and cholecystectomy, we conducted a nationwide population-based cohort study in Denmark. Patients with a discharge diagnosis of gallstones from 1977 to 1989 were identified from the Danish National Registry of Patients and followed up for cancer occurrence until death or the end of 1993 by record linkage to the Danish Cancer Registry. Included in the cohort were 60 176 patients, with 471 450 person-years of follow-up. Cancer risks were estimated by standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) stratified by years of follow-up and by cholecystectomy status. Among patients without cholecystectomy, the risks at 5 or more years of follow-up were significantly elevated for cancers of liver (SIR = 2.0, CI = 1.2-3.1) and gallbladder (SIR = 2.7, CI = 1.5-4.4) and near unity for cancers of extrahepatic bile duct (SIR = 1.1), ampulla of Vater (SIR = 1.0) and pancreas (SIR = 1.1). The excess risk of liver cancer was seen only among patients with a history of hepatic disease. Among cholecystectomy patients, the risks at 5 or more years of follow-up declined for cancers of liver (SIR = 1.1) and extrahepatic bile duct (SIR = 0.7), but were elevated for cancers of ampulla of Vater (SIR = 2.0, CI = 1.0-3.7) and pancreas (SIR = 1.3, CI = 1.1-1.6). These findings confirm that gallstone disease increases the risk of gallbladder cancer, whereas cholecystectomy appears to increase the risk of cancers of ampulla of Vater and pancreas. Further research is needed to clarify the carcinogenic risks associated with gallstones and cholecystectomy and to define the mechanisms involved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W H Chow
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892-7182, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
2036
|
Kolars JC, Kurth CL. Influence of diet, vitamins and chemotherapeutic agents on gastrointestinal cancer. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1998; 13:S173-S177. [PMID: 28976675 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.1998.tb01872.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Dietary influences play a major role in the pathogenesis of most gastrointestinal malignancies. However, it has been difficult to define which dietary components will be most significant for any given individual. In this article we discuss the methodological challenges to research in this field as well as recent observations that have been made on the role of dietary factors in specific digestive tract neoplasms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph C Kolars
- Shanghai Second Medical University, Shanghai, ChinaUniversity of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Candace L Kurth
- Shanghai Second Medical University, Shanghai, ChinaUniversity of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2037
|
|
2038
|
Abstract
Cancer and its treatment lead to emotional distress for most patients and their families, and to psychiatric illness for some. Psychiatrists can contribute to the prevention, recognition and treatment of these problems. Educational and supportive group work, for both patients and staff, complements the assessment and management of individually referred cases. Psychiatrists in this setting require a good understanding of medical matters, and good working relationships with colleagues both in cancer services and mental health services. The nature of the clinical work will be illustrated by case vignettes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J E Barraclough
- Consultant in Psychological Medicine, Oxford Radcliffe NHS Trust
| |
Collapse
|
2039
|
Aruga A, Shu S, Chang AE. Tumor-specific granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interferon gamma secretion is associated with in vivo therapeutic efficacy of activated tumor-draining lymph node cells. Cancer Immunol Immunother 1995; 41:317-24. [PMID: 8536278 PMCID: PMC11037738 DOI: 10.1007/bf01517220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/1995] [Accepted: 10/12/1995] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
In this study, cytokine release by tumor-draining lymph node cells sensitized in vitro (IVS-TDLN) was examined and correlated with therapeutic efficacy in adoptive immunotherapy. Mice bearing immunologically distinct MCA 207 and MCA 205 sarcoma tumors were utilized in criss-cross experiments. IVS-TDLN obtained from mice bearing 10-day subcutaneous (s.c.) tumors mediated immunologically specific regression of established 3-day pulmonary metastases, but demonstrated non-specific cytolytic reactivity against both tumors in a 4-h 51Cr-release assay. By contrast, these IVS-TDLN cells were found specifically to secrete granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interferon gamma (IFN gamma) when restimulated in vitro with irradiated tumor cells. To determine the predictive value of tumor-specific cytokine release with in vivo therapeutic efficacy, a kinetic analysis of antitumor activities of TDLN obtained from animals bearing MCA 207 tumors for increasing lengths of time was performed. IVS-TDLN cells from mice bearing day-7, -10 and -14 s.c. tumors manifested tumor-specific release of GM-CSF and IFN gamma, and mediated significant antitumor reactivity in vivo. In contrast IVS-LN cells from day-0 and day-21 tumor-bearing animals did not release significant amounts of GM-CSF and IFN gamma, and were not therapeutically efficacious in vivo. Day-4 IVS-TDLN released high levels of GM-CSF and IFN gamma non-specifically, and were not therapeutic in adoptive immunotherapy at doses effective for day-7 and day-14 IVS-TDLN cells. In other experiments, IVS cells generated from different lymph node groups in animals bearing 10-day established s.c. tumors were examined and found to have unique profiles of cytokine release. In these studies, the ability of IVS cells to release specifically both cytokines as opposed to one was associated with greater therapeutic efficacy on a per cell basis. Our findings suggest that the tumor-specific releases of GM-CSF and IFN gamma are useful parameters to assess the in vivo therapeutic efficacy of immune lymphocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Aruga
- University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor 48109, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
2040
|
Hajjar M, Lacoste D, Brossard G, Morlat P, Dupon M, Salmi L, Dabis F. Non-acquired immune deficiency syndrome-defining malignancies in a hospital-based cohort of human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients: Bordeaux, France, 1985-1991. Groupe d'Epidémiologie Clinique du SIDA en Aquitaine. J Natl Cancer Inst 1992; 84:1593-5. [PMID: 1404453 PMCID: PMC4710784 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/84.20.1593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Moufid Hajjar
- Epidémiologie, santé publique et développement
Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2INSERMIFR99ISPEDUniversite Victor Segalen 146, Rue Leo Saignat 33076 BORDEAUX CEDEX
- * Correspondence should be addressed to Moufid Hajjar
| | - Denis Lacoste
- Epidémiologie, santé publique et développement
Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2INSERMIFR99ISPEDUniversite Victor Segalen 146, Rue Leo Saignat 33076 BORDEAUX CEDEX
| | - Gilles Brossard
- Epidémiologie, santé publique et développement
Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2INSERMIFR99ISPEDUniversite Victor Segalen 146, Rue Leo Saignat 33076 BORDEAUX CEDEX
| | - Philippe Morlat
- Epidémiologie, santé publique et développement
Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2INSERMIFR99ISPEDUniversite Victor Segalen 146, Rue Leo Saignat 33076 BORDEAUX CEDEX
| | - Michel Dupon
- Epidémiologie, santé publique et développement
Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2INSERMIFR99ISPEDUniversite Victor Segalen 146, Rue Leo Saignat 33076 BORDEAUX CEDEX
| | - Louis Salmi
- Epidémiologie, santé publique et développement
Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2INSERMIFR99ISPEDUniversite Victor Segalen 146, Rue Leo Saignat 33076 BORDEAUX CEDEX
| | - François Dabis
- Epidémiologie, santé publique et développement
Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2INSERMIFR99ISPEDUniversite Victor Segalen 146, Rue Leo Saignat 33076 BORDEAUX CEDEX
| |
Collapse
|
2041
|
Guirguis EM. Gastric cancer in primary care: how hard should you look? Can Fam Physician 1989; 35:243-248. [PMID: 21248881 PMCID: PMC2280232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
This article addresses the question of how vigorously a physician should search for gastric cancer among dyspeptic patients. To address this subject, two major questions are posed: Which patients presenting with dyspepsia are at highest risk of having gastric cancer? Does early diagnosis of symptomatic gastric cancer affect outcome? Although early detection of gastric cancer has been increasingly reported since the advent of fiberoptic endoscopy, factors such as lead time bias and an unchanged case-fatality rate preclude a definitive conclusion of improved treatment outcomes resulting from early detection. At present, a policy of routine immediate investigation of dyspeptic patients has not been shown to reduce gastric cancer mortality.
Collapse
|
2042
|
Abstract
A brilliant, coarsely granular nuclear antigen was detected by anti-complement immunofluorescence in the nuclei of acute myeloid leukemia myeloblasts. Designated as LANA (leukemia-associated nuclear antigen), the reactivity differs from that of the Epstein-Barr-virus-determined nuclear antigen (EBNA) in immunological specificity and morphological appearance, although it is visualized by the same method. Serum from acute myeloid leukemia patients gave positive reactions in 73% of the cases. In acute lymphatic leukemia, chronic myeloid leukemia, chronic lymphatic leukemia, and Burkitt's lymphoma the sera were positive in 35, 14, 19, and 24%, respectively. Two of five polycythemia and two of eleven myeloma sera were also positive. Among 61 healthy controls, 58 were negative, whereas three showed a diffuse nuclear staining with a different pattern. Among 24 carcinoma patients, 18 were negative, whereas six gave a nuclear staining with a different, diffuse pattern. Sera from 20 patients who had recovered from infectious mononucleosis were all negative. In addition to the blasts of acute myeloid leukemia, a similar reactivity was seen with two Epstein-Barr virus DNA and EBNA-negative African lymphoma biopsies and in a short-lived tissue culture line derived from one of them. LANA could be a fetal or tissue-specific antigen, a virally determined antigen, or a specific form of anti-nuclear reactivity.
Collapse
|