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Singh V, Singh R, Kumar D, Mahdi AA, Tripathi AK. A new variant of the human α-lactalbumin-oleic acid complex as an anticancer agent for chronic myeloid leukemia. J Med Life 2022; 14:620-635. [PMID: 35027964 PMCID: PMC8742887 DOI: 10.25122/jml-2021-0065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a clonal myeloproliferative disorder of hematopoietic stem cells. Although there have been advancements in treatment, there is still a need to develop a biotherapeutic agent. A new variant of the human alpha-lactalbumin-oleic acid (HALOA) complex has been synthesized, which showed similarities with SNARE. The native α-LA was treated with EDTA to remove Ca2+ ions confirmed by ICP-OES and Arsenazo III to unfold and attain apo structure. The apo LA was mixed with OA in a specific ratio, leading to HALOA complex formation. The conformational state from native to complex was elucidated by circular dichroism (far; 190–260 nm and near; 260–340 nm UV-CD), which confirmed that the complex consists of a majority of turns and β-sheet structure. SDS-PAGE result showed the masking effect of OA on apo α-LA. In the lane of the complex, there was no band detected. However, 1-anilino-8-naphthalene sulfonate (ANS) dye has shown maximum fluorescence intensity with the complex because of the availability of hydrophobic patches, which was further validated by NMR spectroscopy indicating the masking effect of OA on the apo α-LA. The SNARE behavior of the complex (500 nm) has been confirmed by TEM. This new structural variant complex shows anti-tumor activity on chronic myeloid leukemia by targeting the IL-8, survivin, and induces apoptosis through DNA fragmentation, but not against normal cells. Overall, the formulated complex shows that SNARE-like behavior can be used as a promising anti-tumor agent with lower toxicity and maximum bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ranjana Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- Centre of Biomedical Research, Sanjay Gandhi Post-Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abbas Ali Mahdi
- Department of Biochemistry, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anil Kumar Tripathi
- Department of Clinical Hematology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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202
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Al-Fahad D, Majeed K, Al-Naqshbandi A, Al-Amery A, Fahad Alharbi B. The Cytokines Responses against Parvovirus B19 in Miscarriage Women and the Susceptibility of their RhD Blood Type to Contract Parvovirus B19 in South of Iraq. Rep Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 10:462-70. [PMID: 34981024 DOI: 10.52547/rbmb.10.3.462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Parvovirus B19 (B19) infection is linked with various diseases. Cytokines play critical roles in cellular response to viral infection. It has also been reported that's susceptibility of the ABO blood type people to several viral infection. In this study, we evaluated interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 8(IL-8), and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) levels in aborted women infected with parvovirus B19 (B19+/Abr+) and uninfected with B19(B19-/Abr+) in comparison with healthy women (B12-/Abr-) and susceptibility of their RhD blood type to contract B19. Methods B19+/Abr+ were diagnosed using IgM and IgG antibodies against B19, and the concentrations of IL-6, IL-8, and IFN-γ were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test in both B19+/Abr+, B19-/Abr+, and B19-/Abr-. Here, we also collected blood groups, number of abortion, and gestational ages from 200 B19+/Abr+ along with the same number ofB19-/Abr+ and B19-/Abr-. Results The levels of IFN-γ were higher in serum of B19-/Abr+andB19+/Abr+ group in comparison to B19-/Abr-, while the serum levels of IL-6, IL-8were increased in B19+/Abr+ group in comparisontoB19-/Abr+ and B19-/Abr-. Our analyzed data also showed that aborted women with RhD+ are more susceptible to contract s B19 than people with RhD- blood type. Conclusion B19 infection may differently modulate the amount of cytokines in the plasma of aborted women. So, it can be suggested that IL-6, IL-8, and IFN-γ potentially useful as markers for inflammation intrauterine. The susceptibility/protection of aborted women against B19 might be determined based on RhD blood type.
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203
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Dong W, Jing H, Wang H, Cao S, Sun Y, Zhang Y, Lv H. Classical swine fever virus NS4B protein interacts with MAVS and inhibits IL-8 expression in PAMs. Virus Res 2022; 307:198622. [PMID: 34762991 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2021.198622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) infection causes a severe disease of pigs, resulting in significant economic losses. The CSFV NS4B protein is crucial for viral replication and pathogenicity. Interleukin 8 (IL-8), a main chemokine, is induced by multiple cell types and plays an essential role in host defense mechanisms against numerous viruses. It has been reported that NS4A of CSFV is involved in the induction of IL-8 expression in swine umbilical vein endothelial cells. However, the effect of CSFV NS4B on IL-8 expression is unknown. In this study, we showed that CSFV NS4B inhibited IL-8 expression in porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs), and NS4B inhibited mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS)-induced IL-8 expression. Moreover, CSFV NS4B interacted with MAVS. However, NS4B did not alter MAVS expression. Subsequently, we demonstrated that IRF3 knockdown or NF-κB inhibition reduced MAVS-induced IL-8 expression. Furthermore, the IRF3 and NF-κB pathways were activated by MAVS expression. However, CSFV NS4B inhibited MAVS-mediated NF-κB activation and IRF3 expression. Finally, CSFV NS4B inhibited IRF3 expression. Our findings reveal that CSFV NS4B interacts with MAVS and inhibits IL-8 expression by blocking the activation of IRF3 and NF-κB. Taken together, this study provides insights into the mechanism of NS4B-inhibited IL-8 expression.
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204
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Zoheir KMA, Abdelhafez MA, Darwish AM, Mahrous KF. New Approach about the Signaling Crosstalk between IQGAPs/ NF- κB/ IL-8 and PDCD5/p53/TRAIL Pathways that Modulate Malignant Transformation in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2022; 23:271-279. [PMID: 35092397 PMCID: PMC9258653 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2022.23.1.271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: We aimed to investigate the signalling crosstalk of TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand, TRAIL death receptors, tumour protein p53, and programmed cell death (PDCD5) with IQGAPs. Also, we targeted the crosstalk between IQGAPs genes with decoy receptors, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), and interleukins -8 (IL-8) and its receptor genes in a designed model of hepatocellular carcinoma induced in male Balb/c mice. Methods: The presence of HCC was confirmed by histological and morphological alterations. In parallel to the incidence of hepatic cancer, we found lung, heart, and kidney cancer after treatment with DEN. Results: Our results show that the expression of mRNA of IQGAP1, TRAIL decoy receptors, NF-κB, and IL-8 genes was elevated in hepatocellular carcinoma, as compared to normal liver tissue, while their expression was further up-regulated by increasing the dose of diethylnitrosamine. The expression of IQGAP2, TRAIL death receptors, p53, and PDCD5 was significantly down-regulated in HCC (p˂0.05). For confirmation of gene expression, protein levels of both IQGAP1 and P53 were measured by western blot analysis, which showed that diethylnitrosamine enhanced protein expression of IQGAP1 and diminished that of p53. Conclusion: IQGAPs have a direct signaling relationship with p53, IL-8, and TRAIL family. This interaction is recognized as a key signalling pathway for hepatocellular carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khairy M A Zoheir
- Cell Biology Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, 12622 Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Abdelhafez
- Cell Biology Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, 12622 Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Darwish
- Cell Biology Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, 12622 Egypt
| | - Karima F Mahrous
- Cell Biology Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, 12622 Egypt
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205
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Li TW, Kenney AD, Park JG, Fiches GN, Liu H, Zhou D, Biswas A, Zhao W, Que J, Santoso N, Martinez-Sobrido L, Yount JS, Zhu J. SARS-CoV-2 Nsp14 protein associates with IMPDH2 and activates NF-κB signaling. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1007089. [PMID: 36177032 PMCID: PMC9513374 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1007089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection leads to NF-κB activation and induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines, though the underlying mechanism for this activation is not fully understood. Our results reveal that the SARS-CoV-2 Nsp14 protein contributes to the viral activation of NF-κB signaling. Nsp14 caused the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65. Nsp14 induced the upregulation of IL-6 and IL-8, which also occurred in SARS-CoV-2 infected cells. IL-8 upregulation was further confirmed in lung tissue samples from COVID-19 patients. A previous proteomic screen identified the putative interaction of Nsp14 with host Inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase 2 (IMPDH2), which is known to regulate NF-κB signaling. We confirmed the Nsp14-IMPDH2 protein interaction and identified that IMPDH2 knockdown or chemical inhibition using ribavirin (RIB) and mycophenolic acid (MPA) abolishes Nsp14- mediated NF-κB activation and cytokine induction. Furthermore, IMPDH2 inhibitors (RIB, MPA) or NF-κB inhibitors (bortezomib, BAY 11-7082) restricted SARS-CoV-2 infection, indicating that IMPDH2-mediated activation of NF-κB signaling is beneficial to viral replication. Overall, our results identify a novel role of SARS-CoV-2 Nsp14 in inducing NF-κB activation through IMPDH2 to promote viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai-Wei Li
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Adam D. Kenney
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Jun-Gyu Park
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Guillaume N. Fiches
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Helu Liu
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Dawei Zhou
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Ayan Biswas
- Department of Genetics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Weiqiang Zhao
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Jianwen Que
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Netty Santoso
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | | | - Jacob S. Yount
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Jian Zhu
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
- *Correspondence: Jian Zhu,
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206
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Zahedipour F, Guest PC, Majeed M, Al-Rasadi K, Jamialahmadi T, Sahebkar A. Multiplex Testing of the Effect of Statins on Disease Severity Risk in COVID-19 Cases. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2511:273-284. [PMID: 35838967 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2395-4_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Statins have pleiotropic effects on inflammatory responses in addition to their lipid-lowering action, which contributes to their favorable effect on cardiovascular disorders. Statins affect adhesion, migration, antigen presentation, and cytokine generation of immune cells. Pre-clinical and clinical studies suggest that statin intervention targeted early in the infection might help COVID-19 patients to reduce the effects of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), the cytokine storm, and vascular collapse by modulating harmful pathogenic mechanisms. This chapter presents a protocol for measuring blood-based biomarkers predictive of these responses in COVID-19 patients using two specific multiplex immunoassays that target proteins that differ widely in concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Zahedipour
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Paul C Guest
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | | | | | - Tannaz Jamialahmadi
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
- School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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207
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Park JB. Finding a cell-permeable compound to inhibit inflammatory cytokines: Uptake, biotransformation, and anti-cytokine activity of javamide-I/-II esters. Life Sci 2022; 291:120280. [PMID: 34982964 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
AIM Currently, there is limited information available about cell-permeability and anti-cytokine activity of javamide-I/-II esters in monocyte/macrophage-like cells. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate their cell-permeability and anti-cytokine activity in the cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS The uptake of javamide-I/-II and esters was studied in THP-1 cells and PBMCs. Also, kinetic and inhibition studies were conducted using THP-1 cells. Western Blot was performed to determine the level of ATF-2 phosphorylation in THP-1 cells, and ELISA assays were carried out to measure TNF-alpha, MCP-1, IL-1beta and IL-8 levels in PBMCs. KEY FINDINGS In THP-1 cells, the uptake of javamide-I/-II esters was significantly higher than javamide-I/-II (P < 0.001), and the Km for javamide-I ester was 27 μM. Also, the uptake of the esters was inhibited by PepT2 substrate/blocker. In THP-1 cells, javamide-I/-II esters were also biotransformed into javamide-I/-II. Furthermore, javamide-I ester could inhibit ATF-2 phosphorylation better than javamide-I in the cells, suggesting that the ester could be transported inside the cells better than javamide-I. Similarly, javamide-I/-II esters were found to be transported and biotransformed in PBMCs involved in inflammation processes. As anticipated, the esters were found to inhibit TNF-alpha and MCP-1 significantly in PBMCs (P < 0.005). Especially, javamide-I ester inhibited TNF-alpha, MCP-1, IL-1beta and IL-8 with IC50 values of 1.79, 0.88, 0.91 and 2.57 μM in PBMCs. SIGNIFICANCE Javamide-I/-II esters can be transported, biotransformed and inhibit inflammatory cytokines significantly in monocyte/macrophage-like cells, suggesting that they may be utilized as a potent cell-permeable carrier to inhibit inflammatory cytokines in the cells. CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS Javamide-I, javamide-I-O-methyl ester, javamide-II, javamide-II-O-methyl ester, tryptophan, coumaric acid, caffeic acid, GlySar, enalapril.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae B Park
- USDA, ARS, BHNRC, Diet, Genomics, and Immunology Laboratory, Bldg. 307C, Rm. 131, Beltsville, MD 20705, United States of America.
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208
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Williams ESCP, Martins TB, Shah KS, Hill HR, Coiras M, Spivak AM, Planelles V. Cytokine Deficiencies in Patients with Long-COVID. J Clin Cell Immunol 2022; 13:672. [PMID: 36742994 PMCID: PMC9894377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Up to half of individuals who contract SARS-CoV-2 develop symptoms of long-COVID approximately three months after initial infection. These symptoms are highly variable, and the mechanisms inducing them are yet to be understood. We compared plasma cytokine levels from individuals with long-COVID to healthy individuals and found that those with long-COVID had 100% reductions in circulating levels of Interferon Gamma (IFNγ) and Interleukin-8 (IL-8). Additionally, we found significant reductions in levels of IL-6, IL-2, IL-17, IL-13, and IL-4 in individuals with long-COVID. We propose immune exhaustion as the driver of long-COVID, with the complete absence of IFNγ and IL-8preventing the lungs and other organs from healing after acute infection, and reducing the ability to fight off subsequent infections, both contributing to the myriad of symptoms suffered by those with long-COVID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth SCP Williams
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, United States
| | - Thomas B. Martins
- ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, 1950 Circle of Hope Drive, Salt Lake City, United States
| | - Kevin S. Shah
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, United States
| | - Harry R. Hill
- ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, 1950 Circle of Hope Drive, Salt Lake City, United States;,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, United States;,Department of Pathology and Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, United States
| | - Mayte Coiras
- AIDS Immunopathology Unit, National Center of Microbiology, Madrid, Spain
| | - Adam M. Spivak
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, United States;,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, United States
| | - Vicente Planelles
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, United States
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209
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Adamczak R, Ukleja-Sokołowska N, Lis K, Bartuzi Z, Dubiel M. Progesterone-induced blocking factor 1 and cytokine profile of follicular fluid of infertile women qualified to in vitro fertilization: The influence on fetus development and pregnancy outcome. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2022; 36:3946320221111134. [PMID: 35861194 PMCID: PMC9310294 DOI: 10.1177/03946320221111134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Progesterone is essential for both the initiation and the maintenance of pregnancy. The immunological effects of progesterone are mediated by the progesterone-induced blocking factor (PIBF), which is an immunomodulatory factor with anti-abortive properties. The aim of the research was to establish the cytokine profile and PIBF1 concentration in follicular fluid (FF) of patients undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF). Methods: Seventy-eight patients who qualified for IVF underwent a detailed medical interview, including the course of fertility treatment and physical, gynecological, and cytological examinations. The concentration of PIBF1, IL-18, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, interferon-γ (IFN-γ), IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-5, IL-8, and IL-15 in FF during ovarian puncture was measured using commercially available ELISA kits. Results: IL-1 beta concentration was lower in the FF of patients with successful IVF. IL-8 concentration in FF correlated with the number of cumulus-oocyte complexes (COC-1), metaphase II (MII), and top-quality embryos. PIBF1 concentration had a positive correlation with the number of MII and top-quality embryos. IL-2 and IL-6 concentrations were positively correlated with the number of COC-1 and MII. An important parameter in assessing the chances of successful IVF is the number of top-quality embryos achieved. Conclusion: Higher PIBF1 concentration in FF may indicate a greater possibility of successful IVF due to the higher number of top-quality embryos. IL-1 beta concentration was found to be lower in the FF of patients with successful IVF. Therefore, PIBF1 and IL-1 beta in FF could be candidates for a marker of successful IVF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Adamczak
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Natalia Ukleja-Sokołowska
- Department of Allergology, Clinical Immunology and Internal Medicine, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Kinga Lis
- Department of Allergology, Clinical Immunology and Internal Medicine, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Bartuzi
- Department of Allergology, Clinical Immunology and Internal Medicine, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Mariusz Dubiel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Bydgoszcz, Poland
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Nelli RK, Mora-Díaz JC, Giménez-Lirola LG. The Betacoronavirus PHEV Replicates and Disrupts the Respiratory Epithelia and Upregulates Key Pattern Recognition Receptor Genes and Downstream Mediators, Including IL-8 and IFN-λ. mSphere 2021; 6:e0082021. [PMID: 34935443 DOI: 10.1128/mSphere.00820-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The upper respiratory tract is the primary site of infection by porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (PHEV). In this study, primary porcine respiratory epithelial cells (PRECs) were cultured in an air-liquid interface (ALI) to differentiate into a pseudostratified columnar epithelium, proliferative basal cells, M cells, ciliated cells, and mucus-secreting goblet cells. ALI-PRECs recreates a cell culture environment morphologically and functionally more representative of the epithelial lining of the swine trachea than traditional culture systems. PHEV replicated actively in this environment, inducing cytopathic changes and progressive disruption of the mucociliary apparatus. The innate immunity against PHEV was comparatively evaluated in ALI-PREC cultures and tracheal tissue sections derived from the same cesarean-derived, colostrum-deprived (CDCD) neonatal donor pigs. Increased expression levels of TLR3 and/or TLR7, RIG1, and MyD88 genes were detected in response to infection, resulting in the transcriptional upregulation of IFN-λ1 in both ALI-PREC cultures and tracheal epithelia. IFN-λ1 triggered the upregulation of the transcription factor STAT1, which in turn induced the expression of the antiviral IFN-stimulated genes OAS1 and Mx1. No significant modulation of the major proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) was detected in response to PHEV infection. However, a significant upregulation of different chemokines was observed in ALI-PREC cultures (CCL2, CCL5, CXCL8, and CXCL10) and tracheal epithelium (CXCL8 and CXCL10). This study shed light on the molecular mechanisms driving the innate immune response to PHEV at the airway epithelium, underscoring the important role of respiratory epithelial cells in the maintenance of respiratory homeostasis and on the initiation, resolution, and outcome of the infectious process. IMPORTANCE The neurotropic betacoronavirus porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (PHEV) primarily infects and replicates in the swine upper respiratory tract, causing vomiting and wasting disease and/or encephalomyelitis in suckling pigs. This study investigated the modulation of key early innate immune genes at the respiratory epithelia in vivo, on tracheal tissue sections from experimentally infected pigs, and in vitro, on air-liquid interface porcine respiratory cell cultures. The results from the study underscore the important role of respiratory epithelial cells in maintaining respiratory homeostasis and on the initiation, resolution, and outcome of the PHEV infectious process.
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Li Z, Yang Z, Hu P, Guan X, Zhang L, Zhang J, Yang T, Zhang C, Zhao R. Cytokine Expression of Lung Bacterial Infection in Newly Diagnosed Adult Hematological Malignancies. Front Immunol 2021; 12:748585. [PMID: 34925324 PMCID: PMC8674689 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.748585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult patients with hematological malignancies are frequently accompanied by bacterial infections in the lungs when they are first diagnosed. Sputum culture, procalcitonin (PCT), C-reactive protein (CRP), body temperature, and other routinely used assays are not always reliable. Cytokines are frequently abnormally produced in adult hematological malignancies associated with a lung infection, it is uncertain if cytokines can predict lung bacterial infections in individuals with hematological malignancies. Therefore, we reviewed 541 adult patients newly diagnosed with hematological malignancies, of which 254 patients had lung bacterial infections and 287 patients had no other clearly diagnosed infections. To explore the predictive value of cytokines for pulmonary bacterial infection in adult patients with hematological malignancies. Our results show that IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12P70, IL-1β, IL-2, IFN-γ, TNF-α, TNF-β and IL-17A are in the lungs The expression level of bacterially infected individuals was higher than that of patients without any infections (P<0.05). Furthermore, we found that 88.89% (200/225) of patients with IL-6 ≥34.12 pg/ml had a bacterial infection in their lungs. With the level of IL-8 ≥16.35 pg/ml, 71.67% (210/293) of patients were infected. While 66.10% (193/292) of patients had lung bacterial infections with the level of IL-10 ≥5.62 pg/ml. When IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 were both greater than or equal to their Cutoff-value, 98.52% (133/135) of patients had lung bacterial infection. Significantly better than PCT ≥0.11 ng/ml [63.83% (150/235)], body temperature ≥38.5°C [71.24% (62/87)], CRP ≥9.3 mg/L [53.59% (112/209)] the proportion of lung infection. In general. IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 are abnormally elevated in patients with lung bacterial infections in adult hematological malignancies. Then, the abnormal increase of IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 should pay close attention to the possible lung bacterial infection in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengzheng Li
- Department of Hematology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Blood Disease Clinical Medical Center, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Blood Disease Hospital, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Zefeng Yang
- Department of Hematology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Blood Disease Clinical Medical Center, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Blood Disease Hospital, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Peng Hu
- Department of Hematology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Blood Disease Clinical Medical Center, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Blood Disease Hospital, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Xin Guan
- Department of Hematology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Blood Disease Clinical Medical Center, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Blood Disease Hospital, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Lihua Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Blood Disease Clinical Medical Center, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Blood Disease Hospital, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Jinping Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Blood Disease Clinical Medical Center, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Blood Disease Hospital, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Tonghua Yang
- Department of Hematology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Blood Disease Clinical Medical Center, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Blood Disease Hospital, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China.,Kunming University of Science and Technology School of Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Chaoran Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Blood Disease Clinical Medical Center, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Blood Disease Hospital, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Renbin Zhao
- Department of Hematology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Blood Disease Clinical Medical Center, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Blood Disease Hospital, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
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212
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Wu Y, Wang Y, Yuan W, Xiao X, Cheng G. Changes in serum inflammatory factors in acute gouty arthritis patients treated using ultrashort wave combined with loxoprofen sodium. Pak J Med Sci 2021; 37:1788-1794. [PMID: 34912396 PMCID: PMC8613051 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.37.7.4765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To study the effect of ultrashort wave combined with loxoprofen sodium on serum inflammatory factors in patients with acute gouty arthritis. Methods Records of patients with acute gouty arthritis who were treated in The Fourth Hospital of Changsha from May 2018 to September 2020, were reviewed. Of them, 77 cases were selected and divided into two groups based on the received treatment. The control group (n=39) was treated with loxoprofen sodium, and the treatment group (n=38) was treated with an ultrashort wave combined with loxoprofen sodium, for 10 continuous days. The clinical efficacy of the treatment in two groups was analyzed. Results After treatment, the quality of life of patients in both groups was improved (P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference in the degree of improvement between the two groups (P > 0.05). After treatment, the VAS score of the treatment group was lower than that of the control group (P < 0.05), the improvement of symptoms and signs of the treatment group was better than that of the control group (P < 0.05). Serum CRP and ESR levels in the treatment group were lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05), and the serum IL-1 β, IL-8, TNF-a and MMP-3 levels of the treatment group were lower than those of the control group (P < 0.05). The total effective rate of the treatment group (94.87%) was higher than that of the control group (87.18%), the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). No adverse reactions occurred in all patients during the treatment. Conclusion An ultrashort wave combined with loxoprofen sodium in the treatment of acute gouty arthritis can reduce the inflammatory reaction, improve the degree of joint pain and swelling, improve the curative effect, and do not increase the adverse reactions. The results may be related to the regulation of IL-1 β, IL-8, TNF-a and MMP-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wu
- Ying Wu, Clinical College, Changsha Health Vocational College, Changsha, 410600, PR China
| | - Yan Wang
- Yan Wang, Department of Integrated TCM and Western Medicine, Changsha Central Hospital, Changsha, 410014, PR China
| | - Wenjing Yuan
- Wenjing Yuan, Department of Rehabilitation, The Fourth Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, 410006, PR China
| | - Xiangzhi Xiao
- Xiangzhi Xiao, Department of Emergency, The Fourth Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, 410006, PR China
| | - Guohua Cheng
- Guohua Cheng, Department of Rehabilitation, The Fourth Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, 410006, PR China
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213
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Watanabe K, Shiga K, Maeda A, Harata S, Yanagita T, Suzuki T, Ushigome H, Maeda Y, Hirokawa T, Ogawa R, Hara M, Takahashi H, Matsuo Y, Mitsui A, Kimura M, Takiguchi S. Chitinase 3-like 1 secreted from cancer-associated fibroblasts promotes tumor angiogenesis via interleukin-8 secretion in colorectal cancer. Int J Oncol 2021; 60:3. [PMID: 34913066 PMCID: PMC8698746 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2021.5293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The cancer-stromal interaction has been demonstrated to promote tumor progression, and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), which are the main components of stromal cells, have attracted attention as novel treatment targets. Chitinase 3-like 1 (CHI3L1) is a chitinase-like protein, which affects cell proliferation and angiogenesis. However, the mechanisms through which cells secrete CHI3L1 and through which CHI3L1 mediates tumor progression in the cancer microenvironment are still unclear. Accordingly, the present study assessed the secretion of CHI3L1 in the microenvironment of colorectal cancer and evaluated how CHI3L1 affects tumor angiogenesis. CAFs and normal fibroblasts (NFs) established from colorectal cancer tissue, and human colon cancer cell lines were evaluated using immunostaining, cytokine antibody array, RNA interference, reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), ELISA, western blotting and angiogenesis assays. The expression and secretion of CHI3L1 in CAFs were stronger than those in NFs and colorectal cancer cell lines. In addition, interleukin-13 receptor α2 (IL-13Rα2), a receptor for CHI3L1, was not expressed in colorectal cancer cell lines, but was expressed in fibroblasts, particularly CAFs. Furthermore, the expression and secretion of IL-8 in CAFs was stronger than that in NFs and cancer cell lines, and recombinant CHI3L1 addition increased IL-8 expression in CAFs, whereas knockdown of CHI3L1 suppressed IL-8 expression. Furthermore, IL-13Rα2 knockdown suppressed the enhancement of IL-8 expression induced by CHI3L1 treatment in CAFs. For vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGFA), similar results to IL-8 were observed in an ELISA for comparison of secretion between CAFs and NFs and for changes in secretion after CHI3L1 treatment in CAFs; however, no significant differences were observed for changes in expression after CHI3L1 treatment or IL-13Rα2 knockdown in CAFs assessed using RT-qPCR assays. Angiogenesis assays revealed that tube formation in vascular endothelial cells was suppressed by conditioned medium from CAFs with the addition of human CHI3L1 neutralizing antibodies compared with control IgG, and also suppressed by conditioned medium from CAFs transfected with CHI3L1, IL-8 or VEGFA small interfering RNA compared with negative control small interfering RNA. Overall, the present findings indicated that CHI3L1 secreted from CAFs acted on CAFs to increase the secretion of IL-8, thereby affecting tumor angiogenesis in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Watanabe
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Shiga
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601, Japan
| | - Anri Maeda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601, Japan
| | - Shinnosuke Harata
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yanagita
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601, Japan
| | - Takuya Suzuki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601, Japan
| | - Hajime Ushigome
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601, Japan
| | - Yuzo Maeda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601, Japan
| | - Takahisa Hirokawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601, Japan
| | - Ryo Ogawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601, Japan
| | - Masayasu Hara
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601, Japan
| | - Hiroki Takahashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601, Japan
| | - Yoichi Matsuo
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601, Japan
| | - Akira Mitsui
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kimura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601, Japan
| | - Shuji Takiguchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601, Japan
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Lu D, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Zhao G, Anwar Khan F, Chen Y, Hu C, Yang L, Chen H, Guo A. Secreted MbovP0145 Promotes IL-8 Expression through Its Interactive β-Actin and MAPK Activation and Contributes to Neutrophil Migration. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10121628. [PMID: 34959583 PMCID: PMC8707762 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10121628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma bovis (M. bovis) is an important pathogen of cattle responsible for huge economic losses in the dairy and beef industries worldwide. The proteins secreted by M. bovis are mainly related to its adhesion, invasion, virulence, and intracellular survival and play a role in mycoplasma-host interactions. In our previous study, we found MbovP0145, a secreted protein present in the M. bovis secretome, but little is known about its function. In this study, we assessed the inflammatory characteristics and underlined mechanism of this inflammation of recombinant MbovP0145 (rMbovP0145). For this, bovine lung epithelial cells (EBL) were stimulated by rMbovP0145 to see the IL-8 production in a time- and dose-dependent manner. We observed that rMbovP0145 increased the production of IL-8 via ERK1/2 and P38 pathway activation. Further, the effect of the M. bovis ΔMbov_0145 mutant and its complementary strain on IL-8 mRNA expression was also confirmed. A pulldown assay of the GST-tagged MbovP0145 protein with mass spectrometry demonstrated that β-actin could specifically interact with rMbovP0145 to mediate the IL-8 signaling. As knockdown of β-actin expression with RNA interference in EBL cells decreased the mRNA expression of IL-8 and the phosphorylated ERK1/2 and P38 proteins, whereas disrupted actin polymerization by cytochalasin D led to a significantly higher IL-8 expression and MAPK phosphorylation in rMbovP0145-stimulated cells. Compared to M. bovis HB0801 and its complementary strain, the culture supernatant of EBL cells infected with the M. bovis ΔMbov_0145 mutant induced less neutrophil migration to the lower chamber in a transwell system. In conclusion, MbovP0145 promoted IL-8 expression by interacting with β-actin through activation of the MAPK pathway, thus contributing to neutrophil migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doukun Lu
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (D.L.); (H.Z.); (Y.Z.); (G.Z.); (Y.C.); (C.H.); (H.C.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (D.L.); (H.Z.); (Y.Z.); (G.Z.); (Y.C.); (C.H.); (H.C.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yiqiu Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (D.L.); (H.Z.); (Y.Z.); (G.Z.); (Y.C.); (C.H.); (H.C.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Gang Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (D.L.); (H.Z.); (Y.Z.); (G.Z.); (Y.C.); (C.H.); (H.C.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Farhan Anwar Khan
- Department of Animal Health, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan;
| | - Yingyu Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (D.L.); (H.Z.); (Y.Z.); (G.Z.); (Y.C.); (C.H.); (H.C.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Changmin Hu
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (D.L.); (H.Z.); (Y.Z.); (G.Z.); (Y.C.); (C.H.); (H.C.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Liguo Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Huanchun Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (D.L.); (H.Z.); (Y.Z.); (G.Z.); (Y.C.); (C.H.); (H.C.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Aizhen Guo
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (D.L.); (H.Z.); (Y.Z.); (G.Z.); (Y.C.); (C.H.); (H.C.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-27-87287115
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215
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Wesley UV, Sutton I, Clark PA, Cunningham K, Larrain C, Kuo JS, Dempsey RJ. Enhanced expression of pentraxin-3 in glioblastoma cells correlates with increased invasion and IL8-VEGF signaling axis. Brain Res 2021; 1776:147752. [PMID: 34906547 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2021.147752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GB) is highly invasive and resistant to multimodal treatment partly due to distorted vasculature and exacerbated inflammation. The aggressiveness of brain tumors may be attributed to the dysregulated release of angiogenic and inflammatory factors. The glycoprotein pentraxin-3 (PTX3) is correlated with the severity of some cancers. However, the mechanism responsible for the invasive oncogenic role of PTX3 in GB malignancy remains unclear. In this study, we examined the role of PTX3 in GB growth, angiogenesis, and invasion using in vitro and in vivo GB models, proteomic profiling, molecular and biochemical approaches. Under in vitro conditions, PTX3 over-expression in U87 cells correlated with cell cycle progression, increased migratory potential, and proliferation under hypoxic conditions. Conditioned media containing PTX3 enhanced the angiogenic potential of endothelial cells. While silencing of PTX3 by siRNA decreased the proliferation, migration, and angiogenic potential of U87 cells in vitro. Importantly, PTX3 over-expression increased tumor growth, angiogenesis, and invasion in an orthotopic mouse model. Higher levels of PTX3 in these tumors were associated with the upregulation of inflammatory and angiogenic markers including interleukin-8 (IL-8) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), but decreased levels of thrombospondin-1, an anti-angiogenic factor. Mechanistically, exogenous production of PTX3 triggered an IKK/NFκB signaling pathway that enhances the expression of the motility genes AHGEF7 and Rac1. Taken together, PTX3 expression is dysregulated in GB. PTX3 may augment invasion through enhanced angiogenesis in the GB microenvironment through the IL8-VEGF axis. Thus, PTX3 may represent a potential therapeutic target to mitigate the aggressive behavior of gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umadevi V Wesley
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53792, United States.
| | - Ian Sutton
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53792, United States
| | - Paul A Clark
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53792, United States; Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53792, United States
| | - Katelin Cunningham
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53792, United States
| | - Carolina Larrain
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53792, United States
| | - John S Kuo
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53792, United States; Department of Neurosurgery, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, TAIWAN
| | - Robert J Dempsey
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53792, United States.
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216
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Santos AF, Santos Mota NSR, Schiefer EM, da Cunha RS, Junkert AM, Stinghen AEM, Pontarolo R, Crisma AR, Weffort-Santos AM, Pedrosa RC, de Souza WM, Felipe KB. The toxicity of Aspidosperma subincanum to MCF7 cells is related to modulation of oxidative status and proinflammatory pathways. J Ethnopharmacol 2021; 281:114512. [PMID: 34384848 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cancer is an inflammatory disease because carcinogenesis and tumor progression depend on intrinsic and extrinsic inflammatory pathways. Although species of the genus Aspidosperma are widely used to treat tumors, and there is ethnopharmacological evidence for traditional use of the species A. subincanum as an anti-inflammatory agent, its antineoplastic potential is unknown. AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate toxic effects of the indole alkaloid-rich fraction (IAF) of A. subincanum on the MCF7 cell line and identify some of the anti-inflammatory mechanisms involved. MATERIALS AND METHODS Chromatographic analyses were performed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, and cytotoxic and antiproliferative effects of IAF were verified by MTT and clonogenic assays. Cell cycle alterations were analyzed by measuring DNA content, while propidium iodide and acridine orange staining was performed to determine the type of induced cell death. The expression of apoptosis markers and proteins involved in cell proliferation and survival pathways was analyzed by immunoblotting, RT-qPCR, and ELISAs. Interference with redox status was investigated using a DCFH-DA probe and by measuring catalase activity. RESULTS Chromatographic analyses showed that IAF is a complex mixture containing indole alkaloids. IAF selectively exerted toxic and antiproliferative effects, elevating the Bax/Bcl-xL ratio and inducing apoptosis in MCF7 cells. IAF decreased intracellular reactive oxygen species levels and increased catalase activity, while reducing the IL-8 level and suppressing COX-2 expression. CONCLUSIONS IAF induces apoptosis in MCF7 cells by suppressing COX-2 expression while reducing IL-8 levels and intracellular content of reactive oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andressa F Santos
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Paraná, 80210-170, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Nádia S R Santos Mota
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88037-000, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Elberth M Schiefer
- Postgraduate Program in Electrical and Computer Engineering, Federal Technological University of Paraná, 80230-901, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Regiane S da Cunha
- Experimental Nephrology Laboratory, Department of Basic Pathology, Federal University of Paraná, 81530-000, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Allan M Junkert
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Paraná, 80210-170, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Andréa E M Stinghen
- Experimental Nephrology Laboratory, Department of Basic Pathology, Federal University of Paraná, 81530-000, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Roberto Pontarolo
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Paraná, 80210-170, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Amanda R Crisma
- Laboratory of Physiology and Cell Signaling, Department of Clinical Analyses, Federal University of Paraná, 80210-170, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Almeriane M Weffort-Santos
- Laboratory of Physiology and Cell Signaling, Department of Clinical Analyses, Federal University of Paraná, 80210-170, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Rozangela C Pedrosa
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88037-000, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Wesley M de Souza
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Paraná, 80210-170, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Karina B Felipe
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Paraná, 80210-170, Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Laboratory of Physiology and Cell Signaling, Department of Clinical Analyses, Federal University of Paraná, 80210-170, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
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217
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Desharnais L, Spicer J. Pancancer cytotoxic T cell trapping: Are neutrophil extracellular traps a viable biomarker for immunotherapy response? †. J Pathol 2021; 256:253-255. [PMID: 34859894 DOI: 10.1002/path.5844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
In a recent issue of The Journal of Pathology, a study by de Andrea et al demonstrates the presence of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in a variety of human solid tumor types detected by multiplex immunofluorescence. In addition to NET identification and quantification, they find that there is individual heterogeneity in NET abundance in tumors and in circulation, and that NETs are positively associated with IL-8 and negatively associated with tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lysanne Desharnais
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jonathan Spicer
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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218
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León X, García J, Farré N, Majercakova K, Avilés-Jurado FX, Quer M, Camacho M. Predictive capacity of IL-8 expression in head and neck squamous carcinoma patients treated with radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy. Acta Otorrinolaringol Esp (Engl Ed) 2021; 72:337-343. [PMID: 34844671 DOI: 10.1016/j.otoeng.2020.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyse the relationship between the transcriptional expression of interleukin-8 (IL-8) and response to treatment with radiotherapy or chemo-radiotherapy in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN). MATERIAL AND METHODS Retrospective study from tumour biopsies obtained before a treatment with radiotherapy or chemo-radiotherapy in 87 patients with SCCHN. We had a sample of healthy mucosa in 35 cases. We determined the transcriptional expression of IL-8 with RT-PCR. The transcriptional expression of IL-8 was categorized according to the local control of the disease with a recursive partitioning analysis. RESULTS The transcriptional expression of IL-8 in tumour tissue was about 50 times higher than that in the samples of healthy mucosa. Patients with a high transcriptional expression of IL-8 (n = 56) had a 5-year local recurrence-free survival of 65.6%, and for patients with low expression (n = 31) it was 90.2% (P = 0.017). According to the results of a multivariate analysis, patients with high expression of IL-8 had a 4.1 higher risk of local recurrence of the tumour. CONCLUSIONS SCCHN have a significant increase in transcriptional expression of IL-8 in relation to non-tumour tissue. Tumours with high IL-8 expression have an increased risk of local recurrence after treatment with radiotherapy or chemo-radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier León
- Servicio de Otorrinolaringología, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Jacinto García
- Servicio de Otorrinolaringología, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nuria Farré
- Servicio de Oncología Radioterápica, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Katarina Majercakova
- Servicio de Oncología Radioterápica, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc-Xavier Avilés-Jurado
- Servicio de Otorrinolaringología, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Agència de Gestió d'Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca (AGAUR), Generalitat de Catalunya. 2017-SGR-01581, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miquel Quer
- Servicio de Otorrinolaringología, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Camacho
- Genomics of Complex Diseases, Research Institute Hospital Sant Pau, IIB Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
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Hassan FE, Sakr HI, Mohie PM, Suliman HS, Mohamed AS, Attia MH, Eid DM. Pioglitazone improves skeletal muscle functions in reserpine-induced fibromyalgia rat model. Ann Med 2021; 53:1032-1040. [PMID: 34233552 PMCID: PMC8274527 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2021.1916069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibromyalgia (FM) is characterized by musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, sleep and memory disturbance. There is no definitive cure yet for FM-related health problems. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor's (PPAR's) activation is associated with insulin sensitisation and improved glucose metabolism. PPAR-γ was reported to alleviate FM allodynia. Limited data are discussing its effect on motor disorders. OBJECTIVE To investigate the potential effect of PPAR-γ agonists (pioglitazone, as one member of thiazolidinediones (TZD)) on motor dysfunction in reserpine-induced FM in a rat model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-six male Wistar rats were divided into negative control (n = 9) and reserpine-induced FM (n = 27) groups. The latter was subdivided into three equal subgroups (n = 9), positive control (untreated FM model), pioglitazone-treated and GW9662-treated. We evaluated muscle functions and activity of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase, superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, and serum levels of interleukin-8 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1. RESULTS Pioglitazone significantly relieved fatigue, improved muscle performance, reduced inflammatory cytokines and enhanced antioxidant's activity, while GW9662, a known PPAR-γ antagonist, aggravated the FM manifestations in the rat model. CONCLUSION PPAR-γ agonists show a promising role against FM-associated motor dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma E. Hassan
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Hader I. Sakr
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
- Department of Medical Physiology, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Passant M. Mohie
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Howayda Saeed Suliman
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | | | - Mohamed H. Attia
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Egypt
| | - Dalia M. Eid
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Egypt
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Abstract
Background Different species of human rhinovirus (HRV) can induce varied antiviral and inflammatory responses in human blood macrophages and lower airway epithelium. Although human nasal epithelial cells (HNECs) are a primary infection route of HRV, differences between major and minor groups of HRV in the upper airway epithelium have not been studied in detail. In this study, we investigated viral replications and immune responses of major and minor groups of HRV in the HNECs. Methods Viral replication, immune responses of IFN-β, IFN-λ, proinflammatory cytokines, and viral receptors, and mRNA expression of transcription factors of HRV16 (major group) and HRV1B (minor group) in the HNECs were assessed. Results Compared with HRV16, HRV1B replicated more actively without excessive cell death and produced higher IFN-β, IFN-λ1/3, CXCL10, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-18 levels. Furthermore, low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), TLR3, MDA5, NF-κB, STAT1, and STAT2 mRNA levels increased in HRV1B-infected HNECs. Conclusion HRV1B induces a stronger antiviral and inflammatory response from cell entry to downstream signaling compared with HRV16. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12985-021-01701-1.
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Grouls M, van der Zande M, de Haan L, Bouwmeester H. Responses of increasingly complex intestinal epithelium in vitro models to bacterial toll-like receptor agonists. Toxicol In Vitro 2021; 79:105280. [PMID: 34843883 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2021.105280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The intestine fulfills roles in the uptake of nutrients and water regulation and acts as a gatekeeper for the intestinal microbiome. For the latter, the intestinal gut barrier system is able to respond to a broad range of bacterial antigens, generally through Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathways. To test the capacity of various in vitro intestinal models, we studied IL-8 secretion, as a marker of pro-inflammatory response through the TLR pathway, in a Caco-2 monoculture, Caco-2/HT29-MTX di-culture, Caco-2/HT29-MTX/HMVEC-d tri-culture and in a HT29-p monoculture in response to exposure to various TLR agonists. Twenty-one-day-old differentiated cells in Transwells were exposed to Pam3CSK4 (TLR1/2), lipopolysaccharide (TLR4), single-stranded RNA (TLR7/8), Poly(i:C) (TLR3) and flagellin (TLR5) for 24 h. In all systems IL-8 secretion was increased in response to flagellin exposure, with HT29-p cells also responding to Poly(I:C) exposure. All other agonists did not induce an IL-8 response in the tested in vitro models, indicating that the specific TLRs are either not present or not functional in these models. This highlights the need for careful selection of in vitro models when studying intestinal immune responses and the need for improved in vitro models that better recapitulate intestinal immune responses.
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Strnadová K, Pfeiferová L, Přikryl P, Dvořánková B, Vlčák E, Frýdlová J, Vokurka M, Novotný J, Šáchová J, Hradilová M, Brábek J, Šmigová J, Rösel D, Smetana K, Kolář M, Lacina L. Exosomes produced by melanoma cells significantly influence the biological properties of normal and cancer-associated fibroblasts. Histochem Cell Biol 2021; 157:153-172. [PMID: 34837514 PMCID: PMC8847298 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-021-02052-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of cutaneous malignant melanoma is increasing worldwide. While the treatment of initial stages of the disease is simple, the advanced disease frequently remains fatal despite novel therapeutic options . This requires identification of novel therapeutic targets in melanoma. Similarly to other types of tumours, the cancer microenvironment plays a prominent role and determines the biological properties of melanoma. Importantly, melanoma cell-produced exosomes represent an important tool of intercellular communication within this cancer ecosystem. We have focused on potential differences in the activity of exosomes produced by melanoma cells towards melanoma-associated fibroblasts and normal dermal fibroblasts. Cancer-associated fibroblasts were activated by the melanoma cell-produced exosomes significantly more than their normal counterparts, as assessed by increased transcription of genes for inflammation-supporting cytokines and chemokines, namely IL-6 or IL-8. We have observed that the response is dependent on the duration of the stimulus via exosomes and also on the quantity of exosomes. Our study demonstrates that melanoma-produced exosomes significantly stimulate the tumour-promoting proinflammatory activity of cancer-associated fibroblasts. This may represent a potential new target of oncologic therapy .
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolína Strnadová
- Institute of Anatomy, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 128 00, Prague 2, Czech Republic.,BIOCEV, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 25250, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Pfeiferová
- Laboratory of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic.,Department of Informatics and Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Přikryl
- Institute of Pathological Physiology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 128 00, Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Dvořánková
- Institute of Anatomy, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 128 00, Prague 2, Czech Republic.,BIOCEV, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 25250, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Erik Vlčák
- Electron Microscopy Core Facility, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Frýdlová
- Institute of Pathological Physiology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 128 00, Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Vokurka
- Institute of Pathological Physiology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 128 00, Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Novotný
- Laboratory of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic.,Department of Informatics and Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Šáchová
- Laboratory of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Miluše Hradilová
- Laboratory of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Brábek
- BIOCEV, Faculty of Sciences, Charles University, 25250, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Šmigová
- BIOCEV, Faculty of Sciences, Charles University, 25250, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Rösel
- BIOCEV, Faculty of Sciences, Charles University, 25250, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Smetana
- Institute of Anatomy, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 128 00, Prague 2, Czech Republic.,BIOCEV, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 25250, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Kolář
- Laboratory of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic. .,Department of Informatics and Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Lukáš Lacina
- Institute of Anatomy, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 128 00, Prague 2, Czech Republic. .,BIOCEV, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 25250, Vestec, Czech Republic. .,Department of Dermatovenereology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, 120 00, Prague 2, Czech Republic.
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Adamczak R, Ukleja-Sokołowska N, Lis K, Dubiel M. Function of Follicular Cytokines: Roles Played during Maturation, Development and Implantation of Embryo. Medicina (Kaunas) 2021; 57:1251. [PMID: 34833469 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57111251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A balance within the immune system is necessary for the proper development of ovarian follicles. Numerous cytokines were detected in follicular fluid, the role of which in reproductive physiology seems crucial. They influence the development and maturation of the follicle, ovulation, and corpus luteum formation, as well as embryo implantation and maintenance of pregnancy. The analysis of follicular fluid requires its collection by puncturing of the ovary, which is usually executed in connection with various gynaecological procedures. When interpreting such test results, clinical indications for a given procedure and the method of patient preparation should be taken into account. This review revealed the results of currently available studies on the concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines in follicular fluid in various forms of infertility. Additionally, it presented cytokines, whose concentration has a significant impact on the size of ovarian follicles, their number, the effectiveness of in vitro fertilisation, development of the embryo, and chances of correct implantation. Despite the many recent publications, the knowledge of follicular fluid immunology in the context of reproductive pathology is superficial and further research is required to extensively understand the roles of individual cytokines in reproductive pathology. In the future, this knowledge may enable patients’ individual qualifications to individual methods of infertility treatment, as well as the possible adjustment of the treatment regimen to the patient’s immune profile.
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Amoras EDSG, de Brito WB, Queiroz MAF, Conde SRSDS, Cayres Vallinoto IMV, Ishak R, Vallinoto ACR. The Genetic Profile and Serum Level of IL-8 Are Associated with Chronic Hepatitis B and C Virus Infection. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1664. [PMID: 34827662 DOI: 10.3390/biom11111664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study evaluated the IL8-251 A/T polymorphism in samples from 74 patients with chronic hepatitis B (HBV), 100 patients with chronic hepatitis C (HCV), and 300 healthy donors (CG). The correlations of this polymorphism with plasma IL-8 and disease stage were calculated. Polymorphisms were identified by real-time PCR. IL-8 was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The IL8-251 A/T genotype was not associated with susceptibility to infection by HBV or HCV. The wild-type allele (A) was associated with higher levels of inflammation (p = 0.0464) and fibrosis scores (p = 0.0016) in the HBV group, representing an increased risk for increased inflammatory activity (OR = 1.84; p = 0.0464) and for high fibrosis scores (OR = 2.63; p = 0.0016). Viral load was higher in HBV patients with polymorphic genotypes (TA and TT) at the IL8-251 A/T polymorphism than in those with the wild-type genotype (p = 0.0272 and p = 0.0464, respectively). Plasma IL-8 was higher among patients infected with HBV or HCV than in the control group (p = 0.0445 and p = 0.0001, respectively). The polymorphic genotype was associated with lower IL-8 than the wild-type genotype in the HBV group (p = 0.0239) and the HCV group (p = 0.0372). The wild-type genotype for IL8-251 A/T and high IL-8 were associated with a worse prognosis for infections; therefore, they may contribute to viral persistence and the development of more severe forms of chronic viral liver diseases.
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Youssef HMK, Radi DA, Abd El-Azeem MA. Expression of TSP50, SERCA2 and IL-8 in Colorectal Adenoma and Carcinoma: Correlation to Clinicopathological Factors. Pathol Oncol Res 2021; 27:1609990. [PMID: 34744521 PMCID: PMC8566330 DOI: 10.3389/pore.2021.1609990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common type of cancer, it is considered a genetically heterogeneous disease with different molecular pathways being involved in its initiation and progression. Testes-specific protease 50 (TSP50) gene is a member of cancer/testis antigens that encodes for threonine protease enzyme. Overexpression of TSP50 was found to enhance the progression and invasion of breast cancer and other malignant tumors. SERCA2 is widely expressed in several body tissues; its aberrant expression has been involved in many cancers. IL-8 is an inflammatory cytokine. Alongside its role in inflammation, its expression was reported to induce the migration of tumor cells. Aim: Study the expression of TSP50, SERCA2 and IL-8 in colorectal adenoma (CRA), CRC and normal colonic tissues to compare the expression of these biomarkers in relation to clinicopathological parameters and prognostic factors. Results: TSP50, SERCA2 and IL-8 expression varied between normal colonic tissues, CRA and CRC. Significant statistical association was detected between the three biomarkers' overexpression and degree of dysplasia in CRA. Also, significant statistical relation was found between the three biomarkers' overexpression and presence of lympho-vascular invasion, advanced TNM staging and high intra-tumoral inflammatory infiltrate. Multivariable analysis showed that the overexpression of the three biomarkers is significantly associated with worse prognosis. Conclusion: The expression of TSP50, SERCA2 and IL-8 was different between the normal tissue and neoplastic colorectal tissue on one hand and between CRA and CRC on the other. Increased expression of these biomarkers in neoplastic epithelial cells of colorectal carcinoma is associated with adverse prognostic factors and could be considered as independent prognostic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba M K Youssef
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Dina A Radi
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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La Cognata V, Golini E, Iemmolo R, Balletta S, Morello G, De Rosa C, Villari A, Marinelli S, Vacca V, Bonaventura G, Dell'Albani P, Aronica E, Mammano F, Mandillo S, Cavallaro S. CXCR2 increases in ALS cortical neurons and its inhibition prevents motor neuron degeneration in vitro and improves neuromuscular function in SOD1G93A mice. Neurobiol Dis 2021; 160:105538. [PMID: 34743985 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by depletion of motor neurons (MNs), for which effective medical treatments are still required. Previous transcriptomic analysis revealed the up-regulation of C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2)-mRNA in a subset of sporadic ALS patients and SOD1G93A mice. Here, we confirmed the increase of CXCR2 in human ALS cortex, and showed that CXCR2 is mainly localized in cell bodies and axons of cortical neurons. We also investigated the effects of reparixin, an allosteric inhibitor of CXCR2, in degenerating human iPSC-derived MNs and SOD1G93A mice. In vitro, reparixin rescued MNs from apoptotic cell death, preserving neuronal morphology, mitochondrial membrane potential and cytoplasmic membrane integrity, whereas in vivo it improved neuromuscular function of SOD1G93A mice. Altogether, these data suggest a role for CXCR2 in ALS pathology and support its pharmacological inhibition as a candidate therapeutic strategy against ALS at least in a specific subgroup of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina La Cognata
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council, Via P. Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, CT, Italy.
| | - Elisabetta Golini
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council, Via E. Ramarini 32, 00015 Monterotondo Scalo, RM, Italy.
| | - Rosario Iemmolo
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council, Via P. Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, CT, Italy.
| | - Sara Balletta
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council, Via E. Ramarini 32, 00015 Monterotondo Scalo, RM, Italy.
| | - Giovanna Morello
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council, Via P. Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, CT, Italy.
| | - Carla De Rosa
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council, Via E. Ramarini 32, 00015 Monterotondo Scalo, RM, Italy.
| | - Ambra Villari
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council, Via P. Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, CT, Italy.
| | - Sara Marinelli
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council, Via E. Ramarini 32, 00015 Monterotondo Scalo, RM, Italy.
| | - Valentina Vacca
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council, Via E. Ramarini 32, 00015 Monterotondo Scalo, RM, Italy.
| | - Gabriele Bonaventura
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council, Via P. Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, CT, Italy.
| | - Paola Dell'Albani
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council, Via P. Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, CT, Italy.
| | - Eleonora Aronica
- Department of (Neuro) Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Fabio Mammano
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council, Via E. Ramarini 32, 00015 Monterotondo Scalo, RM, Italy; Department of Physics and Astronomy "G. Galilei", University of Padua, Padova, Italy.
| | - Silvia Mandillo
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council, Via E. Ramarini 32, 00015 Monterotondo Scalo, RM, Italy.
| | - Sebastiano Cavallaro
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council, Via P. Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, CT, Italy.
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Li Y, Su G, Zhong Y, Xiong Z, Huang T, Quan J, Huang J, Wen X, Luo C, Zheng W, Chen J, Cheng J, Yao W, Lai T. HB-EGF-induced IL-8 secretion from airway epithelium leads to lung fibroblast proliferation and migration. BMC Pulm Med 2021; 21:347. [PMID: 34742261 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-021-01726-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have reported that heparin-binding epidermal growth factor (HB-EGF) is increased in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and associated with collagen deposition, but the mechanisms remain unclear. In the present study, we aimed to investigated the inflammatory cytokines secreted by bronchial epithelial cells following exposure to HB-EGF that promoted proliferation and migration of human lung fibroblast. METHODS HB-EGF-induced inflammatory cytokines were assayed in two airway epithelial cells (primary human bronchial epithelial cells [HBECs] and BEAS-2B cells). Moreover, the culture supernatants derived from HB-EGF-treated HBECs and BEAS-2B cells were added to human primary lung fibroblasts. The effect of culture supernatants on proliferation and migration of fibroblasts was assessed. RESULTS IL-8 expression was significantly increased in bronchial epithelial cells treated with HB-EGF, which was at least partially dependent on NF-kB pathways activation. HB-EGF-induced IL-8 was found to further promote lung fibroblasts proliferation and migration, and the effects were attenuated after neutralizing IL-8. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that HB-EGF may be involved in the pathology of airway fibrosis by induction of IL-8 from airway epithelium, subsequently causing lung fibroblasts proliferation and migration. Thus, inhibition of HBEGF and/or IL-8 production could prevent the development of airway fibrosis by modulating fibroblast activation.
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Kudo T, Hayashi Y, Kunieda K, Yoshikura N, Kimura A, Otsuki M, Shimohata T. Persistent intrathecal interleukin-8 production in a patient with SARS-CoV-2-related encephalopathy presenting aphasia: a case report. BMC Neurol 2021; 21:426. [PMID: 34727881 PMCID: PMC8560881 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-021-02459-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurological manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are increasingly recognized and include encephalopathy, although direct infection of the brain by SARS-CoV-2 remains controversial. We herein report the clinical course and cytokine profiles of a patient with severe SARS-CoV-2-related encephalopathy presenting aphasia. CASE PRESENTATION An 81-year-old man developed acute consciousness disturbance and status epileptics several days after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Following treatment with remdesivir and dexamethasone, his consciousness and epileptic seizures improved; however, amnestic aphasia and agraphia remained. Two months after methylprednisolone pulse and intravenous immunoglobulin, his neurological deficits improved. We found increased levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), but not IL-2 and IL-10 in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and the levels of serum IL-6 and MCP-1 were much higher than those in the CSF. The level of IL-8 in the CSF after immunotherapy was four times higher than that before immunotherapy. CONCLUSION The cytokine profile of our patient was similar to that seen in severe SARS-CoV-2-related encephalopathy. We demonstrated (i) that the characteristic aphasia can occur as a focal neurological deficit associated with SARS-CoV-2-related encephalopathy, and (ii) that IL8-mediated central nervous system inflammation follows systemic inflammation in SARS-CoV-2-related encephalopathy and can persist and worsen even after immunotherapy. Monitoring IL-8 in CSF, and long-term corticosteroids may be required for treating SARS-CoV-2-related encephalopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Kudo
- Department of Neurology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, 501-1194, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yuichi Hayashi
- Department of Neurology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, 501-1194, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Kunieda
- Department of Neurology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, 501-1194, Gifu, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Yoshikura
- Department of Neurology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, 501-1194, Gifu, Japan
| | - Akio Kimura
- Department of Neurology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, 501-1194, Gifu, Japan
| | - Mika Otsuki
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kitaku, 060-8638, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Shimohata
- Department of Neurology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, 501-1194, Gifu, Japan.
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Kinnare N, Hook JS, Patel PA, Monson NL, Moreland JG. Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation Potential Correlates with Lung Disease Severity in COVID-19 Patients. Inflammation 2021; 45:800-811. [PMID: 34718927 PMCID: PMC8557104 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-021-01585-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Severe lung inflammation is common in life-threatening coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study tested the hypothesis that polymorphonuclear (PMN, neutrophil) phenotype early in the course of disease progression would predict peak lung disease severity in patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It is increasingly evident that PMN activation contributes to tissue injury resulting from extracellular reactive oxygen species generation, granule exocytosis with release of proteases, neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation, and release of cytokines. The current study focuses on PMN activation in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection, specifically, the association between NETs and lung disease. This is a prospective cohort study at an academic medical center with patients enrolled within 4 days of admission at 3 tertiary hospitals: Clements University Hospital, Parkland Memorial Hospital, and Children’s Health in Dallas, TX. Patients were categorized as having minimal or moderate to severe lung disease based on peak respiratory support. Healthy donor controls matched for age, sex, race, and ethnicity were also enrolled. Neutrophils from COVID-19 patients displayed greater IL-8 expression, elastase release, and NET formation as compared with neutrophils from healthy donors. Importantly, neutrophils from COVID-19 patients had enhanced NET formation in the absence of any additional stimulus, not seen in PMN from healthy donors. Moreover, PMA-elicited NET formation by circulating PMN correlated with severity of lung disease. We speculate that neutrophil immuno-phenotyping can be used to predict lung disease severity in COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nedha Kinnare
- Department of Neurology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, 75390-8548, USA
| | - Jessica S Hook
- Department of Pediatrics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, 75390-8548, USA
| | - Parth A Patel
- Department of Pediatrics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, 75390-8548, USA
| | - Nancy L Monson
- Department of Neurology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jessica G Moreland
- Department of Pediatrics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, 75390-8548, USA.
- Department of Microbiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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Dudau M, Codrici E, Tarcomnicu I, Mihai S, Popescu ID, Albulescu L, Constantin N, Cucolea I, Costache T, Rambu D, Enciu AM, Hinescu ME, Tanase C. A Fatty Acid Fraction Purified From Sea Buckthorn Seed Oil Has Regenerative Properties on Normal Skin Cells. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:737571. [PMID: 34712136 PMCID: PMC8547141 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.737571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, natural product's research gained momentum, fueled by technological advancement and open availability of research data. To date, sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L. [Elaeagnaceae]) plant parts, especially berries, are well characterized and repeatedly tested for antioxidant activity and regenerative properties, in various cell types and tissues. However, fatty acids (FA) have been less investigated in term of biological effects, although, they are important bioactive components of the sea buckthorn fruit and oil. The aim of our work was to determine whether sea buckthorn seed oil is a suitable source of FA with regenerative properties on normal skin cells. Using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and liquid chromatography – mass spectrometry (LC-MS), we purified and characterized four fractions enriched in saturated (palmitic) and non-saturated (linoleic, alfa-linolenic, oleic) FA, which were tested for cytotoxicity, cytokine and growth factor production, and regenerative effect on normal keratinocytes and skin fibroblasts. Evidence is presented that the palmitic acid enriched fraction was a suitable sea buckthorn seed oil derived product with cell proliferation properties on both skin cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Dudau
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Elena Codrici
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Simona Mihai
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ionela Daniela Popescu
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Lucian Albulescu
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Nicoleta Constantin
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | | | - Dan Rambu
- SC Cromatec Plus SRL, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ana-Maria Enciu
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihail E Hinescu
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristiana Tanase
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Titu Maiorescu University, Bucharest, Romania
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Abstract
Acute cerebral infarct (ACI) is a severe subtype of ischemic stroke. microRNAs (miRNAs) are implicated in the pathogenesis of ACI. This study investigated the expression pattern and clinical implication of miR-124 in ACI patients. Serum samples were collected from 108 healthy people and 108 ACI patients at 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h. Serum miR-124 expression was tested using qRT-PCR. The levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and C-reactive protein (CRP) were detected using ELISA kits. The correlations between miR-124 expression and infarct classification, infarct size, risk factors, and inflammatory factors were analyzed. The diagnostic efficacy of miR-124 in ACI was analyzed by the ROC curve. ACI patients were assigned to the miR-124 high/low expression group and the incidence of poor prognosis was compared between the two groups. miR-124 expression was poorly expressed in the serum of ACI patients. The area under the ROC curve of miR-124 in the diagnosis of ACI was 0.9527, the specificity was 91.67%, and the sensitivity was 93.52%. miR-124 expression in ACI patients was not affected by infarct classification, infarct size, low-density lipoprotein level, and homocysteine level. miR-124 expression was negatively correlated with IL-6, IL-8, and CRP in ACI patients. Low expression of miR-124 was positively correlated with the poor prognosis of ACI. miR-124 was poorly expressed in the serum of ACI patients and served as a biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis. This study shall confer a promising novel target for the diagnosis and treatment of ACI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Zhou
- Third Department of Encephalopathy, The East District of Weifang Traditional Chinese Medicine, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Lizhong Qi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Weifang Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, China
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Wen SH, Hong ZW, Chen CC, Chang HW, Fu HW. Helicobacter pylori Neutrophil-Activating Protein Directly Interacts with and Activates Toll-like Receptor 2 to Induce the Secretion of Interleukin-8 from Neutrophils and ATRA-Induced Differentiated HL-60 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11560. [PMID: 34768994 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori neutrophil-activating protein (HP-NAP)-induced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by neutrophils and monocytes is regulated by pertussis toxin (PTX)-sensitive G proteins, whereas HP-NAP-induced cytokine secretion by monocytes is mediated by Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2). However, it is unclear whether TLR2 participates in HP-NAP-induced cytokine secretion by neutrophils. Here, all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA)-induced differentiated HL-60 cells were first employed as a neutrophil model to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying neutrophil responses to HP-NAP. HP-NAP-induced ROS production in ATRA-induced differentiated HL-60 cells is mediated by the PTX-sensitive heterotrimeric G protein-dependent activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and p38-mitogen-activated protein kinase, which is consistent with the findings reported for human neutrophils. Next, whether TLR2 participated in HP-NAP-induced secretion of interleukin-8 (IL-8) was investigated in neutrophils and ATRA-induced differentiated HL-60 cells. In both cells, TLR2 participated in HP-NAP-induced IL-8 secretion but not HP-NAP-induced ROS production. Interestingly, PTX-sensitive G proteins also contributed to the HP-NAP-induced secretion of IL-8 from neutrophils and the differentiated HL-60 cells. Our ELISA-based binding assay further revealed the competitive binding of Pam3CSK4, a TLR2 agonist, and HP-NAP to TLR2, which suggests the presence of specific and direct interactions between HP-NAP and TLR2. Thus, HP-NAP directly interacts with and activates TLR2 to induce IL-8 secretion in neutrophils and ATRA-induced differentiated HL-60 cells.
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Fuentes J, Brunser O, Atala E, Herranz J, de Camargo AC, Zbinden-Foncea H, Speisky H. Protection against indomethacin-induced loss of intestinal epithelial barrier function by a quercetin oxidation metabolite present in onion peel: In vitro and in vivo studies. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 100:108886. [PMID: 34670110 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is directly implicated in the loss of intestinal epithelial barrier function (IEBF) induced by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Previous studies by our research team demonstrated that 2-(3,4-dihydroxybenzoyl)-2,4,6-trihydroxy-3(2H)-benzofuranone (BZF), a quercetin oxidation metabolite that naturally occurs in onion peels, exhibits an antioxidant potency notably higher than quercetin. Thus, we assessed the potential of BZF and a BZF-rich onion peel aqueous extract (OAE) to protect against the loss of IEBF in Caco-2 cell monolayers and in rats exposed to indomethacin. In vitro, pure BZF and OAE standardized in BZF (100 nM), protected against the drop in transepithelial electrical resistance by 70 - 73%. Likewise, it prevented the increase in fluorescein-isothiocyanate labelled dextran (FITC-dextran) paracellular transport by 74% and oxidative stress by 84 - 86%. In vivo, BZF, given orally at a dose 80 µg/Kg bw as OAE, totally abolished a 30-fold increase in FITC-dextran serum concentration induced by indomethacin. This effect was dose-dependent and largely conserved (85%) when OAE was given 180-min prior to indomethacin. The IEBF-protective effect of OAE was accompanied by a full prevention of the NF-ĸB activation, and the increases in interleukine-8 secretion and myeloperoxidase activity induced by indomethacin. The protection was also associated with a 21-fold increase in Nrf2, and a 7-fold and 9-fold increase in heme oxygenase-1 and NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase 1, respectively. The IEBF-protecting effect of OAE involves, most likely, its dual capacity to activate Nrf2 while inhibiting NF-ĸB activation. The extremely low doses of BZF needed to promote such actions warrants extending its IEBF-protective effects to other NSAIDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyn Fuentes
- School of Kinesiology, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago, Chile; Laboratory of Antioxidants, Nutrition and Food Technology Institute, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Oscar Brunser
- Laboratory of Antioxidants, Nutrition and Food Technology Institute, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Elías Atala
- Laboratory of Antioxidants, Nutrition and Food Technology Institute, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - José Herranz
- Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Adriano Costa de Camargo
- Laboratory of Antioxidants, Nutrition and Food Technology Institute, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Hernán Speisky
- Laboratory of Antioxidants, Nutrition and Food Technology Institute, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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Mansoori B, Terp MG, Mohammadi A, Pedersen CB, Ditzel HJ, Baradaran B, Gjerstorff MF. HMGA2 Supports Cancer Hallmarks in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13205197. [PMID: 34680349 PMCID: PMC8533747 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13205197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype of breast cancer that exhibits a high proliferation rate and early metastasis leading to a poor prognosis. HMGA2 is a DNA binding transcriptional regulator implicated in tumorigenesis. Here, we demonstrate that the HMGA2 promoter is demethylated in TNBC tumors, leading to increased expression of HMGA2 at both mRNA and protein levels. Importantly, high HMGA2 levels in TNBC tumors are correlated with poor prognosis. To detail the role of HMGA2 in TNBC development and progression, we studied its effect on core cancer phenotypes. Stable knockdown of HMGA2 in TNBC cells revealed that HMGA2 may support cell proliferation, cell migration and invasion. In addition, HMGA2 knockdown decreased cancer stem cell (CSC) features. Importantly, we found that silencing HMGA2 inhibited NF-kB signaling and lead to decreased expression of the downstream molecules IL-6 and IL-8 and reduced STAT3 pathway activation. Our results demonstrate that HMGA2 supports cancer hallmarks in TNBC and may represent a promising target for TNBC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behzad Mansoori
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Golghasht St., Tabriz 51666-14731, Iran; (B.M.); (B.B.)
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, J. B. Winsløws Vej 25, 3, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark; (M.G.T.); (A.M.); (C.B.P.); (H.J.D.)
- Aging Research Institute, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Golghasht St., Tabriz 51656-65811, Iran
| | - Mikkel Green Terp
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, J. B. Winsløws Vej 25, 3, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark; (M.G.T.); (A.M.); (C.B.P.); (H.J.D.)
| | - Ali Mohammadi
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, J. B. Winsløws Vej 25, 3, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark; (M.G.T.); (A.M.); (C.B.P.); (H.J.D.)
| | - Christina Bøg Pedersen
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, J. B. Winsløws Vej 25, 3, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark; (M.G.T.); (A.M.); (C.B.P.); (H.J.D.)
| | - Henrik Jørn Ditzel
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, J. B. Winsløws Vej 25, 3, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark; (M.G.T.); (A.M.); (C.B.P.); (H.J.D.)
- Department of Oncology, Odense University Hospital, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark
- Academy of Geriatric Cancer Research (AgeCare), Odense University Hospital, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Golghasht St., Tabriz 51666-14731, Iran; (B.M.); (B.B.)
| | - Morten Frier Gjerstorff
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, J. B. Winsløws Vej 25, 3, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark; (M.G.T.); (A.M.); (C.B.P.); (H.J.D.)
- Department of Oncology, Odense University Hospital, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark
- Academy of Geriatric Cancer Research (AgeCare), Odense University Hospital, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +45-2126-1563; Fax: +45-6550-3922
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Pan L, Xie W, Fu X, Lu W, Jin H, Lai J, Zhang A, Yu Y, Li Y, Xiao W. Inflammation and sarcopenia: A focus on circulating inflammatory cytokines. Exp Gerontol 2021; 154:111544. [PMID: 34478826 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Sarcopenia is an aged-related syndrome that is progressive and can be accelerated by other concomitant disease states. Sarcopenia, characterized by loss of skeletal muscle mass, reduced muscle strength, and/or reduced physical performance, is one of the main reasons for limitation of daily activities in the elderly. It is associated with an increased incidence of many adverse events, such as dysfunction, falls, weakness, hospitalization, disability and even death. Sarcopenia justifies one of the most widely accepted theories that low-grade chronic inflammation associated with aging, known as inflammatory aging, is important to the pathogenesis of many age-related diseases. Currently, the diagnosis of sarcopenia is based on a comprehensive assessment of three aspects: muscle mass, muscle strength and physical performance. The measurement of muscle mass is complicated, as the measurement of muscle strength and gait speed is easily affected by the physical conditions of the subjects. This makes the measurements inaccurate and prospective, and it is difficult to achieve continuous, purposeful monitoring. In addition, serum levels of inflammatory cytokines change as inflammatory states develop in the elderly population. This manuscript focuses on the correlation between serum inflammatory cytokines and sarcopenia in recent years, plus the possible underlying mechanisms.
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Abstract
Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the levels and functions of miR-101-3p in neonatal sepsis (NS). Materials & methods: Quantitative real-time PCR was conducted to investigate the expression of miR-101-3p and the receiver operating characteristic curve was applied to manifest its diagnostic effects. Results: miR-101-3p was increased in the NS patients and the dysregulation of miR-101-3p was associated with levels of procalcitonin, CRP, IL-8 and TNF-α. The combination of miR-101-3p and procalcitonin could function as a promising indicator in distinguishing NS patients. The silenced miR-101-3p reversed the increased levels of TNF-α and IL-8 caused by lipopolysaccharide in vitro. DUSP1 was identified as a direct target gene of miR-101-3p in NS. Conclusion: The abundance of miR-101-3p facilitated the inflammation in NS by targeting DUSP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhang
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Dongying People's Hospital, Dongying, Shandong, 257091, China
| | - Xinwei Xu
- Department of Neonatology, Dongying People's Hospital, Dongying, Shandong, 257091, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Neonatology, Dongying People's Hospital, Dongying, Shandong, 257091, China
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Goktas SY, Oral AY, Yılmaz E, Akalın EH, Guvenc F, Ozkaya G, Kocaeli H, Dogan S, Yılmazlar S, Oral HB. Diagnostic value of the CSF levels of D-Lactate and pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-17) in the patients with suspected nosocomial meningitis. Singapore Med J 2021. [PMID: 34600447 DOI: 10.11622/smedj.2021123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aims to determine the diagnostic value of IL-6, IL-8, IL-17, TNF-α and D-lactate levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in nosocomial meningitis. METHODS CSF levels of cytokines and D-lactate were compared across 29 episodes who were diagnosed with nosocomial meningitis, 38 episodes with pleocytosis but without meningitis and 54 control subjects. RESULTS CSF levels of IL-6, IL-8, and D-lactate were higher in the group with nosocomial meningitis compared to the control group and to the group with pleocytosis without meningitis (p<0.05). For the levels of IL-6, when the threshold was considered to be > 440 pg/mL, the sensitivity and specificity were 55.17% and 94.74%, respectively. For IL-8 levels, when the threshold was considered to be >1249 pg/mL, the sensitivity and specificity were 44.83% and 84.21%, respectively. In the patients with nosocomial meningitis, when the threshold of D-lactate levels was considered to be >1.05µmol/mL, the sensitivity and specificity were found to be 75.86% and 63.16%, respectively. In the pleocytosis without meningitis CSF samples and in the CSF samples diagnosed with nosocomial meningitis, the highest AUC was calculated for triple combination model of IL-6, IL-8, and D-lactate levels (AUC= 0.801, p<0.001), and double combination model IL-6 and IL-8 (AUC= 0.790) (p<0.001). CONCLUSION In our study, we have concluded that IL-6, IL-8 and D-lactate levels could be diagnostic markers for nosocomial meningitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibel Yorulmaz Goktas
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Yuksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital, Bursa, Turkey
| | | | - Emel Yılmaz
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology School of Medicine, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Emin Halis Akalın
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology School of Medicine, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Furkan Guvenc
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Guven Ozkaya
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Hasan Kocaeli
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Seref Dogan
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Selcuk Yılmazlar
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Haluk Barbaros Oral
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
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Mokhtar NM, Jaafar NM, Alfian E, Mohd Rathi ND, Abdul Rani R, Raja Ali RA. Clinical assessment and cytokines level in constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome participants treated with Lactobacillus-containing cultured milk drink. Acta Gastroenterol Belg 2021; 84:585-91. [PMID: 34965040 DOI: 10.51821/84.4.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gut dysbiosis is linked with the pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Manipulation of intestinal microbiota using cultured milk drinks may stimulate the immune system, hence providing beneficial support in IBS treatment. This study aimed to investigate the effects of cultured milk drink on clinical symptoms, intestinal transit time (ITT), fecal pH and cytokines in constipation-predominant IBS (IBS-C) as compared to non-IBS participants. METHODS Each recruited participant was given three bottles of 125 ml cultured milk drink containing 109 cfu Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5 and Lactobacillus paracasei L. CASEI-01 consumed daily for 30 days. At pre- and post-30-day consumption, fecal pH, ITT, clinical symptoms, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α levels were assessed. Seventy-seven IBS-C and 88 non-IBS were enrolled. RESULTS Post-consumption, 97.4% of IBS-C experienced improvements in constipation-related symptoms supported by the significant reduction of ITT and decreased fecal pH (p<0.05). All pro-inflammatory cytokines were significantly lower in post as compared to pre-consumption of cultured milk drinks in IBS-C (p<0.05). There was significant reduction in the IL-8 and TNF-α levels in post- as compared to pre-consumption for the non-IBS (p<0.05). CONCLUSION Cultured milk drink taken daily improved clinical symptoms and reduced cytokines, hence should be considered as an adjunctive treatment in IBS-C individuals.
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Zhang K, Liang Y, Zhang W, Zeng N, Tang S, Tian R. KRT81 Knockdown Inhibits Malignant Progression of Melanoma Through Regulating Interleukin-8. DNA Cell Biol 2021; 40:1290-1297. [PMID: 34591651 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2021.0317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
KRT81 is involved in carcinogenesis and progression of many types of human cancers. However, little is known about the role of KRT81 in melanoma. In this study, we identified that KRT81 expression is upregulated in melanoma tissues compared with corresponding adjacent nontumor tissues. Overexpression of KRT81 was also found in human melanoma cell lines. Cell functional studies have shown that KRT81 knockdown could inhibit proliferation, colony formation, migration, invasion, and promote apoptosis of A375 cells. Consistently, in vivo tumorigenesis experiments showed that KRT81 knockdown significantly suppressed the growth of xenograft tumors. Moreover, KRT81 knockdown increased the chemosensitivity of A375 cells to DDP. Mechanical exploration revealed that KRT81 knockdown mediated the downregulation of inflammatory cytokine interleukin-8 (IL-8). In conclusion, these findings indicate that downregulation of KRT81 could inhibit progression of melanoma by regulating IL-8. Therefore, KRT81 represents a potential therapeutic target for melanoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Burn Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Plastic Surgery Institute of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Yan Liang
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Burn Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Plastic Surgery Institute of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Wancong Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Burn Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Plastic Surgery Institute of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Ning Zeng
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, P.R. China
| | - Shijie Tang
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Burn Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Plastic Surgery Institute of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Ruoxi Tian
- School of Basic Medicine, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, P.R. China
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Akhter N, Wilson A, Thomas R, Al-Rashed F, Kochumon S, Al-Roub A, Arefanian H, Al-Madhoun A, Al-Mulla F, Ahmad R, Sindhu S. ROS/TNF-α Crosstalk Triggers the Expression of IL-8 and MCP-1 in Human Monocytic THP-1 Cells via the NF-κB and ERK1/2 Mediated Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10519. [PMID: 34638857 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
IL-8/MCP-1 act as neutrophil/monocyte chemoattractants, respectively. Oxidative stress emerges as a key player in the pathophysiology of obesity. However, it remains unclear whether the TNF-α/oxidative stress interplay can trigger IL-8/MCP-1 expression and, if so, by which mechanism(s). IL-8/MCP-1 adipose expression was detected in lean, overweight, and obese individuals, 15 each, using immunohistochemistry. To detect the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS)/TNF-α synergy as a chemokine driver, THP-1 cells were stimulated with TNF-α, with/without H2O2 or hypoxia. Target gene expression was measured by qRT-PCR, proteins by flow cytometry/confocal microscopy, ROS by DCFH-DA assay, and signaling pathways by immunoblotting. IL-8/MCP-1 adipose expression was significantly higher in obese/overweight. Furthermore, IL-8/MCP-1 mRNA/protein was amplified in monocytic cells following stimulation with TNF-α in the presence of H2O2 or hypoxia (p ˂ 0.0001). Synergistic chemokine upregulation was related to the ROS levels, while pre-treatments with NAC suppressed this chemokine elevation (p ≤ 0.01). The ROS/TNF-α crosstalk involved upregulation of CHOP, ERN1, HIF1A, and NF-κB/ERK-1,2 mediated signaling. In conclusion, IL-8/MCP-1 adipose expression is elevated in obesity. Mechanistically, ROS/TNF-α crosstalk may drive expression of these chemokines in monocytic cells by inducing ER stress, HIF1A stabilization, and signaling via NF-κB/ERK-1,2. NAC had inhibitory effect on oxidative stress-driven IL-8/MCP-1 expression, which may have therapeutic significance regarding meta-inflammation.
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Clausen CL, Rasmussen ÅK, Johannsen TH, Hilsted LM, Skakkebæk NE, Szecsi PB, Pedersen L, Benfield T, Juul A. Thyroid function in COVID-19 and the association with cytokine levels and mortality. Endocr Connect 2021; 10:1234-1242. [PMID: 34468398 PMCID: PMC8494417 DOI: 10.1530/ec-21-0301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid hormone axis might be affected in COVID-19, but existing studies have shown varying results. It has been hypothesized that hyperinflammation, as reflected by the secretion of cytokines, might induce thyroid dysfunction among patients with COVID-19. We explored thyroid hormone involvement in the acute phase of symptomatic COVID-19 and its possible associations with cytokine levels and mortality risk. This was a single-center study of 116 consecutive patients hospitalized for moderate-to-severe COVID-19 disease. Serum concentrations of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (T4), and 45 cytokines/chemokines were measured in all patients within 3 days of admission. Data were extracted retrospectively through a manual review of health records. At admission, 95 (81.9%) were euthyroid; while 21 (18.1%) had biochemically thyroid dysfunction including subclinical thyrotoxicosis (n = 11), overt thyrotoxicosis (n = 2), hypothyroidism (n = 1), non-thyroidal illness (n = 2), and normal TSH but high free T4 (n = 5). TSH levels were inversely correlated with IL-8 (rs = -0.248), IL-10 (rs = -0.253), IL-15 (rs = -0.213), IP-10 (rs = -0.334), and GM-CSF (rs = -0.254). Moreover, IL-8 levels, IP-10, and GM-CSF were significantly higher in patients with serum TSH < 0.4 mIU/L. Lastly, a two-fold increment of IL-8 and IL-10 was associated with significantly higher odds of having TSH < 0.4 mIU/L (odds ratio 1.86 (1.11-3.10) and 1.78 (1.03-3.06)). Serum TSH was not associated with 30- or 90-day mortality. In conclusion, this study suggests that fluctuations of TSH levels in patients with COVID-19 may be influenced by circulating IL-8, IL-10, IL-15, IP-10, and GM-CSF as previously described in autoimmune thyroid diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Lundetoft Clausen
- Center of Research & Disruption of Infectious Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
- Correspondence should be addressed to C L Clausen:
| | - Åse Krogh Rasmussen
- Department of Medical Endocrinology and Metabolism, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Trine Holm Johannsen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Linda Maria Hilsted
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels Erik Skakkebæk
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pal Bela Szecsi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk, Denmark
| | - Lise Pedersen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk, Denmark
| | - Thomas Benfield
- Center of Research & Disruption of Infectious Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Juul
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Schepelmann M, Kupper N, Sladczyk M, Mansfield B, Manhardt T, Piatek K, Iamartino L, Riccardi D, Kariuki BM, Bassetto M, Kallay E. Stereo-Specific Modulation of the Extracellular Calcium-Sensing Receptor in Colon Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221810124. [PMID: 34576291 PMCID: PMC8464956 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Pharmacological allosteric agonists (calcimimetics) of the extracellular calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) have substantial gastro-intestinal side effects and induce the expression of inflammatory markers in colon cancer cells. Here, we compared the effects of both CaSR-specific (R enantiomers) and -unspecific (S enantiomers) enantiomers of a calcimimetic (NPS 568) and a calcilytic (allosteric CaSR antagonists; NPS 2143) to prove that these effects are indeed mediated via the CaSR, rather than via off-target effects, e.g., on β-adrenoceptors or calcium channels, of these drugs. The unspecific S enantiomer of NPS 2143 and NPS S-2143 was prepared using synthetic chemistry and characterized using crystallography. NPS S-2143 was then tested in HEK-293 cells stably transfected with the human CaSR (HEK-CaSR), where it did not inhibit CaSR-mediated intracellular Ca2+ signals, as expected. HT29 colon cancer cells transfected with the CaSR were treated with both enantiomers of NPS 568 and NPS 2143 alone or in combination, and the expression of CaSR and the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 8 (IL-8) was measured by RT-qPCR and ELISA. Only the CaSR-selective enantiomers of the calcimimetic NPS 568 and NPS 2143 were able to modulate CaSR and IL-8 expression. We proved that pro-inflammatory effects in colon cancer cells are indeed mediated through CaSR activation. The non-CaSR selective enantiomer NPS S-2143 will be a valuable tool for investigations in CaSR-mediated processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Schepelmann
- Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Institute for Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (N.K.); (M.S.); (T.M.); (K.P.); (L.I.)
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (E.K.); Tel.: +43-1-40400-51230 (M.S. & E.K.)
| | - Nadja Kupper
- Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Institute for Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (N.K.); (M.S.); (T.M.); (K.P.); (L.I.)
| | - Marta Sladczyk
- Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Institute for Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (N.K.); (M.S.); (T.M.); (K.P.); (L.I.)
| | - Bethan Mansfield
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK; (B.M.); (D.R.)
| | - Teresa Manhardt
- Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Institute for Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (N.K.); (M.S.); (T.M.); (K.P.); (L.I.)
| | - Karina Piatek
- Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Institute for Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (N.K.); (M.S.); (T.M.); (K.P.); (L.I.)
| | - Luca Iamartino
- Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Institute for Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (N.K.); (M.S.); (T.M.); (K.P.); (L.I.)
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 18, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Daniela Riccardi
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK; (B.M.); (D.R.)
| | - Benson M. Kariuki
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK;
| | - Marcella Bassetto
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Singleton Park Campus, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK;
| | - Enikö Kallay
- Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Institute for Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (N.K.); (M.S.); (T.M.); (K.P.); (L.I.)
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (E.K.); Tel.: +43-1-40400-51230 (M.S. & E.K.)
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Wang Z, Hou Y, Yao Z, Zhan Y, Chen W, Liu Y. Expressivity of Interleukin-8 and Gastric Cancer Prognosis Susceptibility: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Dose Response 2021; 19:15593258211037127. [PMID: 34531708 PMCID: PMC8438942 DOI: 10.1177/15593258211037127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The relationship between interleukin-8 (IL-8) expression and the prognosis of gastric cancer (GC) patients has been reported, but the results are contradictory. Aim To investigate the effect of IL-8 expression on the prognosis of patients with GC. Method A comprehensive search strategy was used to search the PubMed, Web of Science and Cochrane Library databases. The total survival time was analysed using the RevMan 5.4 software. Through extensive search and meta-analysis of relevant studies, studies examining the relationship between IL-8 expression and prognosis in patients with GC were conducted to obtain more accurate estimates. Findings Eight studies (1843 patients) were included. The combined results of all the studies showed that high expression of IL-8 was a risk factor for poor prognosis in patients with GC (hazard ratio (HR): 2.08; 95% CI: 1.81–2.39). Sensitivity analysis suggested that the pooled HR was stable, and omitting a single study did not change the significance of the pooled HR. Funnel plots revealed no significant publication bias in the meta-analysis. Conclusion High IL-8 expression could be a negative prognostic biomarker for patients with GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Wang
- Department of Nuclear Accident Medical Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuhan Hou
- Department of Nuclear Accident Medical Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhen Yao
- Department of Nuclear Accident Medical Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yanyan Zhan
- Department of Nuclear Accident Medical Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wenyue Chen
- Department of Nuclear Accident Medical Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yulong Liu
- Department of Nuclear Accident Medical Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, China
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Shaw HA, Ozanne J, Burns K, Mawas F. Multicomponent Vaccines against Group A Streptococcus Can Effectively Target Broad Disease Presentations. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:1025. [PMID: 34579262 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9091025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Group A Streptococcus (GAS) is an important global human pathogen, with a wide range of disease presentations, from mild mucosal infections like pharyngitis to invasive diseases such as toxic shock syndrome. The effect on health and mortality from GAS infections is substantial worldwide, particularly from autoimmune sequelae-like rheumatic heart disease (RHD), and there is currently no licenced vaccine. We investigated protein antigens targeting a broad range of GAS disease presentations as vaccine components in individual and combination formulations. The potency and functional immunity generated were evaluated and compared between groups. Antibodies against all components were found in pooled human IgG (IVIG) and an immune response generated following the subcutaneous immunisation of mice. A combination immunisation showed a reduction in IgG response for SpyCEP but an increase for Cpa and Mac-1 (IdeS). An opsonophagocytosis assay (OPA) showed the killing of GAS with immune sera against M protein and combination groups, with a lower killing activity observed for immune sera against other individual antigens. Specific antigen assays showed functional immunity against SpyCEP and Mac-1 from both individual and combination immunisations, with the activity correlating with antibody titres. However, efficient blocking of the binding activity of Cpa to collagen I and fibronectin could not be demonstrated with immune sera or purified IgG. Our data indicate that combination immunisations, while effective at covering a broader range of virulence factors, can also affect the immune response generated. Further, our results showed that an OPA alone is inadequate for understanding protection from vaccination, particularly when considering protection from immune evasion factors and evaluation of the colonisation leading to pharyngitis.
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Che L, Yu C, Chen G, Lin J, Xie Z, Xia T, Luo W, Cai X, Liu S. The Inflammatory Response Induced by RELMβ Upregulates IL-8 and IL-1β Expression in Bronchial Epithelial Cells in COPD. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2021; 16:2503-2513. [PMID: 34511895 PMCID: PMC8421257 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s321877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with a complex inflammatory regulatory network. Resistin-like molecule β (RELMβ) is highly expressed in the lungs of COPD patients. We aimed to investigate the proinflammatory effect of RELMβ on airway epithelial cells in COPD. Methods First, a GEO dataset was used to analyze the expression of the RELMβ gene in the COPD and control groups as well as the protein levels of RELMβ in the sera of outpatients with COPD and normal control subjects in our hospital. We also stimulated 16HBE bronchial epithelial cells with recombinant RELMβ protein and analyzed the expression of IL-8 and IL-1β. We upregulated and downregulated the gene expression of RELMβ in 16HBE cells and analyzed the expression of the inflammatory cytokines IL-8 and IL-1β. In addition, we also examined the mechanism by which the p38 MAPK signaling pathway contributed to the regulation of IL-8 and IL-1β expression by RELMβ. Results RELMβ expression was increased in COPD tissues in different data sets and in the serum of COPD patients in our hospital. IL-8 and IL-1β expression was also increased in COPD tissues with high RELMβ gene expression in different data sets. The RELMβ gene was mainly related to inflammatory factors and inflammatory signaling pathways in the PPI regulatory network. Experiments at the cellular level showed that RELMβ promoted the expression of the inflammatory cytokines IL-8 and IL-1β, and this regulation was mediated by the p38 MAPK signaling pathway. Conclusion RELMβ can promote the expression of the inflammatory cytokines IL-8 and IL-1β in bronchial epithelial cells of patients with COPD and exert inflammatory effects. RELMβ may be a potential target for the treatment of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Che
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Yu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Lu'an People's Hospital of Anhui Province, Lu'an, 237016, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangshu Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510220, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaxin Lin
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhefan Xie
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Xia
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenzhi Luo
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingdong Cai
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengming Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, People's Republic of China
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Cao X, Xin H, Zhang H, Liu J, Pan S, Du Y, Feng B, Quan Z, Guan L, Shen F, Liu Z, Wang D, Zhang B, Guan X, Yan J, Jin Q, Gao L. The Association Between Mycobacteria-Specific Antigen-Induced Cytokines and Host Response to Latent Tuberculosis Infection Treatment in a Chinese Population. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:716900. [PMID: 34484159 PMCID: PMC8415003 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.716900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Exploring biomarkers monitoring latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) treatment effectiveness would benefit optimizing the therapeutic regimen. This study aims to identify potential mycobacteria-specific antigen-induced cytokines associated with host responses to preventive treatment. Methods Based on a randomized controlled trial on LTBI treatment among individuals with chest radiography abnormalities suggestive of prior tuberculosis (TB), the dynamically changed cytokine levels in QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube (QFT) supernatants were estimated during the treatment by bead-based multiplex assays and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results In total, 63 treated participants and 32 untreated controls were included in the study. The levels of 13 background-corrected mycobacteria-specific antigen-stimulated cytokines [basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF), growth-regulated oncogene (GRO)-α, interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-1ra, IL-12 (p70), stem cell factor (SCF), tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), IL-8, interferon (IFN)-α2, IL-5, IL-12 (p40), leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), and IL-17A] were found to be statistically different between before and after treatment in treated participants, while no statistically differences were observed in untreated controls. Among these 13 cytokines, the level of IL-8 was significantly lower in the QFT reversed group than that in the non-reversed group (p = 0.028) among treated participants, while such a difference was not found for untreated controls (p = 0.292). Conclusion Our results suggested that the lower level of mycobacteria-specific antigen-induced IL-8 might be associated with the host’s positive response to LTBI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefang Cao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Center for Tuberculosis Research, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Henan Xin
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Center for Tuberculosis Research, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haoran Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Center for Tuberculosis Research, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianmin Liu
- The Sixth People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shouguo Pan
- The Center for Disease Prevention and Control of Zhongmu County, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ying Du
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Center for Tuberculosis Research, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Boxuan Feng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Center for Tuberculosis Research, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhusheng Quan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Center for Tuberculosis Research, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Guan
- The Sixth People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fei Shen
- The Sixth People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zisen Liu
- The Center for Disease Prevention and Control of Zhongmu County, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dakuan Wang
- The Center for Disease Prevention and Control of Zhongmu County, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- The Center for Disease Prevention and Control of Zhongmu County, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xueling Guan
- The Sixth People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiaoxia Yan
- The Center for Disease Prevention and Control of Zhongmu County, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qi Jin
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Center for Tuberculosis Research, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Gao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Center for Tuberculosis Research, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Hsu HY, Yang CW, Lee YZ, Lin YL, Chang SY, Yang RB, Liang JJ, Chao TL, Liao CC, Kao HC, Wu SH, Chang JY, Sytwu HK, Chen CT, Lee SJ. Remdesivir and Cyclosporine Synergistically Inhibit the Human Coronaviruses OC43 and SARS-CoV-2. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:706901. [PMID: 34483914 PMCID: PMC8409573 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.706901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Remdesivir, a prodrug targeting RNA-dependent-RNA-polymerase, and cyclosporine, a calcineurin inhibitor, individually exerted inhibitory activity against human coronavirus OC43 (HCoV-OC43) in HCT-8 and MRC-5 cells at EC50 values of 96 ± 34 ∼ 85 ± 23 nM and 2,920 ± 364 ∼ 4,419 ± 490 nM, respectively. When combined, these two drugs synergistically inhibited HCoV-OC43 in both HCT-8 and MRC-5 cells assayed by immunofluorescence assay (IFA). Remdesivir and cyclosporine also separately reduced IL-6 production induced by HCoV-OC43 in human lung fibroblasts MRC-5 cells with EC50 values of 224 ± 53 nM and 1,292 ± 352 nM, respectively; and synergistically reduced it when combined. Similar trends were observed for SARS-CoV-2, which were 1) separately inhibited by remdesivir and cyclosporine with respective EC50 values of 3,962 ± 303 nM and 7,213 ± 143 nM by IFA, and 291 ± 91 nM and 6,767 ± 1,827 nM by a plaque-formation assay; and 2) synergistically inhibited by their combination, again by IFA and plaque-formation assay. Collectively, these results suggest that the combination of remdesivir and cyclosporine merits further study as a possible treatment for COVID-19 complexed with a cytokine storm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsing-Yu Hsu
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Wei Yang
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Yue-Zhi Lee
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ling Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sui-Yuan Chang
- Institute of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ruey-Bing Yang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Jong Liang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Ling Chao
- Institute of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Che Liao
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Han-Chieh Kao
- Institute of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Huei Wu
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Jang-Yang Chang
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Huey-Kang Sytwu
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Tong Chen
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Shiow-Ju Lee
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
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Goudarzi R, Eskandarynasab M, Muhammadnejad A, Dehpour AR, Partoazar A. Beneficial effects of ROCEN (Topical Nano-arthrocen) on atopic dermatitis in mice. BMC Complement Med Ther 2021; 21:226. [PMID: 34488737 PMCID: PMC8422727 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-021-03393-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease mainly caused by immune stimuli. The current study was conducted to investigate the effects of ROCEN and to compare it with betamethasone (Beta) on mice subjected to AD. Methods First, the safety of topical ROCEN was tested to determine possible sensitization induction in vivo. Then, the mice were subjected to oxazolone (Oxa) to induce chronic AD. Consequently, they underwent treatment with ROCEN and Beta. Scratching and wiping behaviors related to dermatitis were evaluated in treated animals for 35 days. The histopathology and immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis of interleukin-8 (IL-8) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) cytokines were performed on the dorsal skin of the treated mice. Results Topical administration of ROCEN and Beta to the dorsum of sensitized mice for 5 weeks significantly alleviated scratching and wiping symptoms and reduced erythema, scaling, and edema in the skin of the mice with AD. Moreover, histological indices showed that ROCEN effectively reduced leucocyte infiltration and improved skin healing parameters in treated AD mice. Application of ROCEN or Beta reduced IHC markers including IL-8 and TNF-α significantly. Conclusion ROCEN alleviated the AD symptoms similar to betamethasone in an experimental animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Goudarzi
- Division of Research and Development, Pharmin USA, LLC, San Jose, California, USA
| | - Maryam Eskandarynasab
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahad Muhammadnejad
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Dehpour
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Partoazar
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Xiao LN, Ran X, Zhong YX, Li SS. Clinical value of blood markers to assess the severity of coronavirus disease 2019. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:921. [PMID: 34488665 PMCID: PMC8420143 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-06623-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is threatening the world with the symptoms of seasonal influenza. This study was conducted to investigate the patient characteristics and clinical value of blood markers to assess the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). METHODS 187 patients, diagnosed with COVID-19 (non-severe and severe cases) and admitted to hospital between January 27th and March 8th of 2020, were enrolled in the present study. RESULTS A higher proportion of clinical symptoms, including cough, expectoration, myalgia, and fatigue were observed in the non-severe group. The level of white blood cell count, neutrophils, CRP, IL-6 and IL-8 were significantly increased, while the platelet count was remarkedly decreased in the severe group. The risk model based on lymphocyte, IL-6, IL-8, CRP and platelet counts had the highest area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUROC). The baseline of IL-6, IL-8 and CRP was positively correlated with other parameters except in the cases of lymphocyte, hemoglobin and platelet counts. The baseline of the platelet count was negatively correlated with other parameters except in the lymphocyte and hemoglobin counts. Additionally, there was no connection between the severity of COVID-19 and cultures of blood, sputum or catheter secretion. CONCLUSIONS The present study suggested that high leucocyte and low platelets counts were independent predictive markers of the severity of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu-Niu Xiao
- Department of Intensive Care Unit of Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Qiaokou District, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China. .,Tongji Medical College of Huazhonng University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
| | - Xiao Ran
- Department of Intensive Care Unit of Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Qiaokou District, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Yan-Xia Zhong
- Department of Intensive Care Unit of Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Qiaokou District, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.,Tongji Medical College of Huazhonng University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Shu-Sheng Li
- Department of Intensive Care Unit of Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Qiaokou District, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
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Zhao Y, Sun J, Li Y, Zhou X, Zhai W, Wu Y, Chen G, Gou S, Sui X, Zhao W, Qiu L, Yao Y, Sun Y, Chen C, Qi Y, Gao Y. Tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase 2 controls M2 macrophages polarization to promote esophageal squamous cell carcinoma progression via AKT/GSK3 β/ IL-8 signaling pathway. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:2835-2849. [PMID: 34589400 PMCID: PMC8463272 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Tryptophan 2,3-dioxygnease 2 (TDO2) is specific for metabolizing tryptophan to kynurenine (KYN), which plays a critical role in mediating immune escape of cancer. Although accumulating evidence demonstrates that TDO2 overexpression is implicated in the development and progression of multiple cancers, its tumor-promoting role in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains unclear. Here, we observed that TDO2 was overexpressed in ESCC tissues and correlated significantly with lymph node metastasis, advanced clinical stage, and unfavorable prognosis. Functional experiments showed that TDO2 promoted tumor cell proliferation, migration, and colony formation, which could be prevented by inhibition of TDO2 and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR). Further experimentation demonstrated that TDO2 could promote the tumor growth of KYSE150 tumor-bearing model, tumor burden of C57BL/6 mice with ESCC induced by 4-NQO, enhance the expression of phosphorylated AKT, with subsequent phosphorylation of GSK3β, and polarization of M2 macrophages by upregulating interleukin-8 (IL-8) to accelerate tumor progression in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Collectively, our results discovered that TDO2 could upregulate IL-8 through AKT/GSK3β to direct the polarization of M2 macrophages in ESCC, and suggested that TDO2 could represent as an attractive therapeutic target and prognostic marker to ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumiao Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jiaxin Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yin Li
- Thoracic Surgery Department, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Xiuman Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Wenjie Zhai
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yahong Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Guanyu Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Shanshan Gou
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xinghua Sui
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Wenshan Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Lu Qiu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yongjie Yao
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yixuan Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Chunxia Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yuanming Qi
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Corresponding authors. Tel.: +86 371 67783235.
| | - Yanfeng Gao
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
- Corresponding authors. Tel.: +86 371 67783235.
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