201
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Sun J, Zhang C, Song Z, Waite TD. Boron Removal from Reverse Osmosis Permeate Using an Electrosorption Process: Feasibility, Kinetics, and Mechanism. Environ Sci Technol 2022; 56:10391-10401. [PMID: 35766603 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c02297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Boron is present in the form of boric acid (B(OH)3 or H3BO3) in seawater, geothermal waters, and some industrial wastewaters but is toxic at elevated concentrations to both plants and humans. Effective removal of boron from solutions at circumneutral pH by existing technologies such as reverse osmosis is constrained by high energy consumption and low removal efficiency. In this work, we present an asymmetric, membrane-containing flow-by electrosorption system for boron removal. Upon charging, the catholyte pH rapidly increases to above ∼10.7 as a result of water electrolysis and other Faradaic reactions with resultant deprotonation of boric acid to form B(OH)4- and subsequent removal from solution by electrosorption to the anode. Results also show that the asymmetric flow-by electrosorption system is capable of treating feed streams with high concentrations of boron and RO permeate containing multiple competing ionic species. On the basis of the experimental results obtained, a mathematical model has been developed that adequately describes the kinetics and mechanism of boron removal by the asymmetric electrosorption system. Overall, this study not only provides new insights into boron removal mechanisms by electrosorption but also opens up a new pathway to eliminate amphoteric pollutants from contaminated source waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Sun
- UNSW Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Changyong Zhang
- UNSW Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Zhao Song
- UNSW Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - T David Waite
- UNSW Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
- UNSW Centre for Transformational Environmental Technologies, Yixing 214206, Jiangsu, P. R. China
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202
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Tong X, Zhang ZW, Wu YH, Bai Y, Ikuno N, Ishii K, Hu HY. Ultrafiltration significantly increased the scaling potential of municipal secondary effluent on reverse osmosis membranes. Water Res 2022; 220:118672. [PMID: 35635920 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ultrafiltration (UF) was often used as pretreatment in front of reverse osmosis (RO) unit because of its high rejection efficiency of microbes and particles. However, in some cases UF pretreatment might show adverse effects on the RO membrane flux. In this study, the effects of UF pretreatment on secondary effluent water quality and its RO membrane fouling characteristics were explored. There was almost no change of water quality after UF with different molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) membranes (100, 30 and 10 kDa), including total dissolved solid (TDS), alkalinity, conductivity, ion concentrations, etc., while pH increased a little and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) declined by about 1 mg/L. On the contrary, the RO membrane flux of UF permeates presented clear decline in comparison to the secondary effluent. The membrane fouling velocity and steady-state flux of secondary effluent was 0.052 and 0.656, while fouling velocity increased (0.077, 0.071, 0.067) and steady-state flux decreased significantly (0.397, 0.416, 0.448) after 100, 30, 10 kDa UF membrane pretreatment. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images showed many crystals on the fouled membrane surfaces, which turned out to be CaCO3 by Energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) analysis and precipitation calculation. After the addition of UF retentates to UF permeates, scaling was prevented and crystals on the RO membrane almost disappeared, which implied the anti-scaling effect of the UF retentates with low concentration. According to anti-scaling performance experiments, the anti-scaling performance of 100 k, 30 k, 10 k retentates was 2.7%, 4.0% and 7.3%, respectively. Excitation emission matrix (EEM) and fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) results showed that these retentates retained by different MWCO membranes were similar and composed of protein-like substances and soluble microbial products. The effect of key minority components in RO system deserved further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Tong
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Room 524, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Zi-Wei Zhang
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Room 524, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Yin-Hu Wu
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Room 524, Beijing 100084, PR China; Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies, Beijing 100084, PR China.
| | - Yuan Bai
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Room 524, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Nozomu Ikuno
- Kurita Water Industries Ltd., Nakano-ku, Tokyo 164-0001, Japan
| | - Kazuki Ishii
- Kurita Water Industries Ltd., Nakano-ku, Tokyo 164-0001, Japan
| | - Hong-Ying Hu
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Room 524, Beijing 100084, PR China; Research Institute for Environmental Innovation (Suzhou), Tsinghua, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215163, PR China
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203
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Wang Q, Luo L, Huang N, Wang W, Rong Y, Wang Z, Yuan Y, Xu A, Xiong J, Wu Q, Hu H. Evolution of low molecular weight organic compounds during ultrapure water production process: A pilot-scale study. Sci Total Environ 2022; 830:154713. [PMID: 35337873 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the evolution of low molecular weight organic compounds in ultrapure water (UPW) production using a pilot-scale UPW production system and an ultrafiltration-reverse osmosis (UF-RO) system. During UPW production, a dissolved organic carbon (DOC) removal efficiency of 99.4% was achieved with a feedwater DOC level of 1.42 mg/L. The pretreatment, make-up, and polishing stages accounted for 85.3%, 13.7%, and 0.4% of DOC removal, respectively. Urea, trichloromethane, and dibromochloromethane persisted throughout UPW production process, contributing 24.7%, 9.2%, and 22.6%, respectively, to the final effluent DOC level of 8.1 μg/L. The pretreatment and make-up stages of the UPW production process could remove N-nitrosodimethylamine, chloral hydrate, dichloroacetonitrile, and tribromomethane. The UF-RO system could remove approximately 90% of DOC. However, the proportion of halogenated disinfection by-products (DBPs) in the DOC increased by 1.4-4.5 times in the RO effluents. RO could completely reject haloacetaldehydes. However, RO could not completely remove trichloromethane, tribromomethane, bromodichloromethane, and dibromoacetonitrile, which remained the main halogenated DBPs in the RO effluents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Liwei Luo
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Nan Huang
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Wenlong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control of Shenzhen, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Institute of Environment and Ecology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Guangdong, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yuzhou Rong
- China Electronics System Engineering NO. 2 Construction Co., Ltd., Jiangsu, Wuxi 214135, China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control of Shenzhen, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Institute of Environment and Ecology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Guangdong, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yi Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control of Shenzhen, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Institute of Environment and Ecology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Guangdong, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ao Xu
- Research Institute for Environmental Innovation (Suzhou), Tsinghua, Jiangsu, Suzhou 215163, China
| | - Jianglei Xiong
- China Electronics System Engineering NO. 2 Construction Co., Ltd., Jiangsu, Wuxi 214135, China
| | - Qianyuan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control of Shenzhen, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Institute of Environment and Ecology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Guangdong, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Hongying Hu
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies, Beijing 100084, China
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204
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Xu Y, Zhu Y, Chen Z, Zhu J, Chen G. A Comprehensive Review on Forward Osmosis Water Treatment: Recent Advances and Prospects of Membranes and Draw Solutes. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:ijerph19138215. [PMID: 35805879 PMCID: PMC9266909 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19138215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Forward osmosis (FO) is an evolving membrane separation technology for water treatment and reclamation. However, FO water treatment technology is limited by factors such as concentration polarization, membrane fouling, and reverse solute flux. Therefore, it is of a great importance to prepare an efficient high-density porous membrane and to select an appropriate draw solute to reduce concentration polarization, membrane fouling, and reverse solute flux. This review aims to present a thorough evaluation of the advancement of different draw solutes and membranes with their effects on FO performance. NaCl is still widely used in a large number of studies, and several general draw solutes, such as organic-based and inorganic-based, are selected based on their osmotic pressure and water solubility. The selection criteria for reusable solutes, such as heat-recovered gaseous draw, magnetic field-recovered MNPs, and electrically or thermally-responsive hydrogel are primarily based on their industrial efficiency and energy requirements. CA membranes are resistant to chlorine degradation and are hydrophilic, while TFC/TFN exhibit a high inhibition of bio-adhesion and hydrolysis. AQPs are emerging membranes, due to proteins with complete retention capacity. Moreover, the development of the hybrid system combining FO with other energy or water treatment technologies is crucial to the sustainability of FO.
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205
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Shaaban S, Yahya H. Identification of cost and energy effective seawater membranes for use under hot climate conditions. Water Environ Res 2022; 94:e10758. [PMID: 35770870 DOI: 10.1002/wer.10758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Seawater desalination using a cost-effective reverse osmosis system is crucial for hot climate countries suffering from water scarcity. The most favorable seawater membrane characteristics were identified under typical Egyptian operating conditions. Twelve different commercially available membrane elements were investigated. A reverse osmosis system was designed and simulated using available software (e.g., ROSA and IMSDesign). The characteristics of the most promising membranes were identified for operation at Matruh (Mediterranean Sea) and Sharm El-Sheikh (Red Sea). The present work shows that the lowest cost of seawater desalination is obtained with membranes having high salt rejection, high permeate flow, high membrane active area, and permeate flux greater than 0.914 m3 /(d·m2 ). Moreover, the cost of seawater desalination in summer is lower than in winter by 5% for Matruh and 2.7% for Sharm El-Sheikh. However, the impact of water salinity on the cost and specific energy consumption is higher than that of the seawater temperature. The cost of Mediterranean seawater desalination is lower than that of the Red Sea by 10.6%. Cost analysis at five different locations in Egypt shows that the highest cost takes place at Suez (Gulf of Suez), and the lowest cost occurs at Matruh (Mediterranean Sea). PRACTITIONER POINTS: Twelve different membranes were investigated for use under typical hot climate conditions. The cost of seawater reverse osmosis (RO) desalination is lower in summer by 2.7%-5% compared with winter. RO desalination costs up to 10.6% less for the Mediterranean Sea compared with the Red Sea. The optimum membrane element performance characteristics were identified for use under hot climate conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameh Shaaban
- Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering and Technology, Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport (AASTMT), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hany Yahya
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Higher Technological Institute, 10th of Ramadan City, Egypt
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206
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Shefer I, Lopez K, Straub AP, Epsztein R. Applying Transition-State Theory to Explore Transport and Selectivity in Salt-Rejecting Membranes: A Critical Review. Environ Sci Technol 2022; 56:7467-7483. [PMID: 35549171 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c00912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Membrane technologies using reverse osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration (NF) have been widely implemented in water purification and desalination processes. Separation between species at the molecular level is achievable in RO and NF membranes due to a complex and poorly understood combination of transport mechanisms that have attracted the attention of researchers within and beyond the membrane community for many years. Minimizing existing knowledge gaps in transport through these membranes can improve the sustainability of current water-treatment processes and expand the use of RO and NF membranes to other applications that require high selectivity between species. Since its establishment in 1949, and with growing popularity in recent years, Eyring's transition-state theory (TST) for transmembrane permeation has been applied in numerous studies to mechanistically explore molecular transport in membranes including RO and NF. In this review, we critically assess TST applied to transmembrane permeation in salt-rejecting membranes, focusing on mechanistic insights into transport under confinement that can be gained from this framework and the key limitations associated with the method. We first demonstrate and discuss the limited ability of the commonly used solution-diffusion model to mechanistically explain transport and selectivity trends observed in RO and NF membranes. Next, we review important milestones in the development of TST, introduce its underlying principles and equations, and establish the connection to transmembrane permeation with a focus on molecular-level enthalpic and entropic barriers that govern water and solute transport under confinement. We then critically review the application of TST to explore transport in RO and NF membranes, analyzing trends in measured enthalpic and entropic barriers and synthesizing new data to highlight important phenomena associated with the temperature-dependent measurement of the activation parameters. We also discuss major limitations of the experimental application of TST and propose specific solutions to minimize the uncertainties surrounding the current approach. We conclude with identifying future research needs to enhance the implementation and maximize the benefit of TST application to transmembrane permeation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idit Shefer
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Kian Lopez
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0428, United States
| | - Anthony P Straub
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0428, United States
| | - Razi Epsztein
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
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207
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Zhao Y, Ab Hamid NH, Reddy N, Zheng M, Yuan Z, Duan H, Ye L. Wastewater Primary Treatment Using Forward Osmosis Introduces Inhibition to Achieve Stable Mainstream Partial Nitrification. Environ Sci Technol 2022; 56:8663-8672. [PMID: 35617100 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c05672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Achieving stable long-term mainstream nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) suppression is the bottleneck for the novel partial nitrification (PN) process toward energy- and carbon-efficient wastewater treatment. However, long-term PN stability remains a challenge due to NOB adaptation. This study proposed and demonstrated a novel strategy for achieving NOB suppression by the primary treatment of mainstream wastewater with a forward osmosis (FO) membrane process, which facilitated two external NOB inhibition factors (salinity and free nitrous acid, FNA). To evaluate the proposed strategy, a lab-scale sequencing batch reactor was operated for 200 days. A stable PN operation was achieved with a nitrite accumulation ratio of 97.7 ± 2.8%. NOB were suppressed under the combined inhibition effect of NaCl (7.9 ± 0.2 g/L, as introduced by the FO direct filtration) and FNA (0.11 ± 0.02 mg of HNO2-N/L, formed as a result of the increased NH4+-N concentration after the FO process). The two inhibition factors worked in synergy to achieve a more stable PN operation. The microbial analysis showed that the elevated salinity and accumulation of FNA reshaped the microbial community and selectively eliminated NOB. Finally, an economic and feasibility analysis was conducted, which suggests that the integration of an FO unit into PN/A is a feasible and economically viable wastewater treatment process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingfen Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Nur Hafizah Ab Hamid
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Johor 81310, Malaysia
| | - Nichelle Reddy
- Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117575 Singapore
| | - Min Zheng
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology (ACWEB), The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Zhiguo Yuan
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology (ACWEB), The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Haoran Duan
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology (ACWEB), The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Liu Ye
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
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208
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Cheng W, Xu H, Wang P, Wang L, Szymczyk A, Croué JP, Zhang T. Modification Mechanism of Polyamide Reverse Osmosis Membrane by Persulfate: Roles of Hydroxyl and Sulfate Radicals. Environ Sci Technol 2022; 56:8864-8874. [PMID: 35622994 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c00952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative modification is a facile method to improve the desalination performance of thin-film composite membranes. In this study, we comparatively investigated the modification mechanisms induced by sulfate radical (SO4• -) and hydroxyl radical (HO•) for polyamide reverse osmosis (RO) membrane. The SO4• -- and HO•-based membrane modifications were manipulated by simply adjusting the pH of the thermal-activated persulfate solution. Although both of them improved the water permeability of the RO membrane under certain conditions, the SO4• --modified membrane notably prevailed over the HO•-modified one due to higher permeability, more consistent salt rejection rates over wide pH and salinity ranges, and better stability when exposed to high doses of chlorine. The differences of the membranes modified by the two radical species probably can be related to their distinct surface properties in terms of morphology, hydrophilicity, surface charge, and chemical composition. Further identification of the transformation products of a model polyamide monomer using high-resolution mass spectrometry demonstrated that SO4• - initiated polymerization reactions and produced hydroquinone/benzoquinone and polyaromatic structures; whereas the amide group of the monomer was degraded by HO•, generating hydroxyl, carboxyl, and nitro groups. The results will enlighten effective ways for practical modification of polyamide RO membranes to improve desalination performances and the development of sustainable oxidation-combined membrane processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Cheng
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Haodan Xu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Peizhi Wang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Water Resource Application and Environmental Pollution Control, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Lihong Wang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Anthony Szymczyk
- Université de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR - UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Croué
- Institut de Chimie des Milieux et des Matériaux IC2MP UMR 7285 CNRS, Université de Poitiers, 86073 Poitiers, France
| | - Tao Zhang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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209
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Liu S, Song W, Meng M, Xie M, She Q, Zhao P, Wang X. Engineering pressure retarded osmosis membrane bioreactor (PRO-MBR) for simultaneous water and energy recovery from municipal wastewater. Sci Total Environ 2022; 826:154048. [PMID: 35202696 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Osmotic membrane bioreactors (OMBR) have gained increasing interest in wastewater treatment and reclamation due to their high product water quality and fouling resistance. However, high energy consumption (mostly by draw solution recovery) restricted the wider application of OMBR. Herein, we propose a novel pressure retarded osmosis membrane bioreactor (PRO-MBR) for improving the economic feasibility. In comparison with conventional FO-MBR, PRO-MBR exhibited similar excellent contaminants removal performance and comparable water flux. More importantly, a considerable amount of energy can be recovered by PRO-MBR (4.1 kWh/100 m2·d), as a result of which, 10.02% of the specific energy consumption (SEC) for water recovery was reduced as compared with FO-MBR (from 1.42 kWh/m3 to 1.28 kWh/m3). Membrane orientation largely determined the performance of PRO-MBR, higher power density was achieved in AL-DS orientation (peak value of 3.4 W/m2) than that in AL-FS orientation (peak value of 1.4 W/m2). However, PRO-MBR suffered more severe and complex membrane fouling when operated in AL-DS orientation, because the porous support layer was facing sludge mixed liquor. Further investigation revealed fouling was mostly reversible for PRO-MBR, it exhibited similar flux recoverability (92.4%) to that in FO-MBR (95.1%) after osmotic backwash. Nevertheless, flux decline due to membrane fouling is still a restricting factor to power generation of PRO-MBR, its power density was decreased by 38.2% in the first 60 min due to the formation of fouling. Overall, in perspective of technoeconomic feasibility, the PRO-MBR demonstrates better potential than FO-MBR in wastewater treatment and reclamation and deserves more research attention in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyue Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Weilong Song
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China.
| | - Manli Meng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Ming Xie
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Qianhong She
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Pin Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Xinhua Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
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210
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Liu S, Zhao L, Wang Z, Han M. Exploring energy-saving potentials in seawater desalination engineering from the energy-water nexus perspective. J Environ Manage 2022; 312:114854. [PMID: 35325737 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
With the rapid population growth and economic development, the necessity to explore energy-saving potentials in typical seawater desalination project is increasingly essential. Taking the Reverse Osmosis (RO) seawater desalination project in Hebei Province, China as a case, this study performed systematic accounting framework combining the direct and indirect energy consumption from the energy-water nexus perspective, and carried out the energy-saving potential assessment and systematical optimization configuration. From the results, the total direct energy consumption of the project was 2.23 × 106 kWh, and the total embodied energy consumption was 2.18 × 107 kWh. Define the embodied energy consumption (ESE) as an evaluation index of energy saving potentials, the energy consumption degree before optimization is 79.54%, which could be reduced to 26.30% after optimization. The results showed that the systematic accounting framework in this study can greatly improve the accuracy of energy consumption measurement in the project, and the systematical optimization configuration can significantly reduce energy consumption and improve the energy-saving design under the minimum investment in the seawater desalination projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Liu
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Heavy Machinery Fluid Power Transmission and Control, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, PR China
| | - Lu Zhao
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Heavy Machinery Fluid Power Transmission and Control, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, PR China
| | - Zhongyang Wang
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Heavy Machinery Fluid Power Transmission and Control, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, PR China
| | - Mengyao Han
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, PR China; Key Laboratory of Regional Sustainable Development Modeling, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, PR China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China.
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211
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Liu C, He Q, Song D, Jackson J, Faria AF, Jiang X, Li X, Ma J, Sun Z. Electroless deposition of copper nanoparticles integrates polydopamine coating on reverse osmosis membranes for efficient biofouling mitigation. Water Res 2022; 217:118375. [PMID: 35405551 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, highly antimicrobial CuNPs were integrated into a hydrophilic polydopamine (PDA) coating and immobilized on a RO TFC membrane via a mild and facile reduction approach to form a stable and durable dual-functional layer. Based on the XDLVO analysis, the introduction of PDA increased the membrane-foulant total interaction energy (ΔGmwf) to 14.13 mJ/m2, resulting in improved anti-adhesive properties as demonstrated by a 37% decrease in BSA adsorption for the modified membranes. The well dispersed and high loadings of CuNPs induced by PDA conferred strong bacterial toxicity to the modified membranes, reducing the viability of E. coli by 76%. Furthermore, the presence of catechol groups on PDA favors the formation of covalent bond with CuNPs, thus prolonging the durability of the copper-based anti-biofouling membranes. The combination of PDA coating and CuNPs functionalization imparts the membrane with simultaneous anti-adhesive and anti-microbial properties, leading to a substantial reduction in biofouling propensity in dynamic biofouling experiments. Specifically, the flux decline due to biofouling observed for the modified membranes significantly decreased from 65% to 39%, and biofilm thickness and TOC biomass were 58%, and 55% lower, respectively. This study provides a facile and versatile strategy to construct high performance RO membranes with excellent anti-biofouling functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caihong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
| | - Qiang He
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Dan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Jennifer Jackson
- Engineering School of Sustainable Infrastructure & Environment (ESSIE), Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-6580, USA
| | - Andreia F Faria
- Engineering School of Sustainable Infrastructure & Environment (ESSIE), Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-6580, USA
| | - Xihui Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Xueyan Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China
| | - Jun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Zhiqiang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
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212
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Zhang Y, Kaiser E, Li T, Marcelis LFM. NaCl affects photosynthetic and stomatal dynamics by osmotic effects and reduces photosynthetic capacity by ionic effects in tomato. J Exp Bot 2022; 73:3637-3650. [PMID: 35218186 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
NaCl stress affects stomatal behavior and photosynthesis by a combination of osmotic and ionic components, but it is unknown how these components affect stomatal and photosynthetic dynamics. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants were grown in a reference nutrient solution [control; electrical conductivity (EC)=2.3 dS m-1], a solution containing additional macronutrients (osmotic effect; EC=12.6 dS m-1), or a solution with additional 100 mM NaCl (osmotic and ionic effects; EC=12.8 dS m-1). Steady-state and dynamic photosynthesis, and leaf biochemistry, were characterized throughout leaf development. The osmotic effect decreased steady-state stomatal conductance while speeding up stomatal responses to light intensity shifts. After 19 d of treatment, photosynthetic induction was reduced by the osmotic effect, which was attributable to lower initial stomatal conductance due to faster stomatal closing under low light. Ionic effects of NaCl were barely observed in dynamic stomatal and photosynthetic behavior, but led to a reduction in leaf photosynthetic capacity, CO2 carboxylation rate, and stomatal conductance in old leaves after 26 d of treatment. With increasing leaf age, rates of light-triggered stomatal movement and photosynthetic induction decreased across treatments. We conclude that NaCl impacts dynamic stomatal and photosynthetic kinetics by osmotic effects and reduces photosynthetic capacity by ionic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Zhang
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing, China
- Horticulture and Product Physiology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Elias Kaiser
- Horticulture and Product Physiology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tao Li
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Leo F M Marcelis
- Horticulture and Product Physiology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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213
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Rodríguez-Dueñas WR, Bernal Muñóz HA, Rodríguez Burbano DC. A hands-on activity to teach the osmosis phenomenon. Adv Physiol Educ 2022; 46:251-258. [PMID: 35085036 DOI: 10.1152/advan.00186.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study proposes a hands-on activity as an experimental alternative method to teach biomedical engineering students the osmosis phenomenon. The students were guided along a learning path that involved their participation in the design and construction of a test device used to measure osmotic flow rate. Thereafter, an experiment was conducted with the test device. The students analyzed the obtained experimental values, which provided them with evidence of the functionality of the device. In addition, they were provided with the opportunity to suggest improvements and to propose alternatives to expand the use of the device to test other transport phenomena such as diffusion. Moreover, a student perception survey was conducted, and the results showed that this proposed plan allows for a better understanding of the phenomenon and stimulates the curiosity of students, improving the receptiveness, key in the learning process of the students.
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214
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Kavaiya AR, Raval HD. Highly selective and antifouling reverse osmosis membrane by crosslinkers induced surface modification. Environ Technol 2022; 43:2155-2166. [PMID: 33357094 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2020.1869316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Post treatment is a very competent and scalable approach to develop the higher water-flux and salt-rejection membrane since it does not require any change in existing manufacturing process. The virgin Thin Film Composite Reverse Osmosis (TFC-RO) membrane was exposed to various concentrations of Poly (ethylene Glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) and Ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) after activation with sodium hypochlorite for 1 h. Crosslinkers modified membranes were characterized for degree of wettability by contact angle analyses, surface morphology and surface roughness study by Scanning electron micrographs and Atomic force micrographs, chemical structural modifications by Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform Infrared spectroscopy. These treatments resulted in improved membrane performance. 3500 mg/l PEGDA-treated membrane permeate flux increased by 48.7% and salt-rejection by 3.43%. 2000 mg/l EGDMA treated membrane demonstrated 46.13% increase in water-flux and 3.08% increase in salt-rejection as compared with virgin membrane. Organic fouling study indicated that fouling in PEGDA-treated membrane was significantly lower than virgin membrane. Heavy metal ion removal performances for Zinc and Chromium were also higher for modified membranes. Thus, the surface modification by crosslinkers led to increase in selectivity for certain metal ions and better antifouling performance as compared to virgin membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish R Kavaiya
- Membrane Science and Separation Technology Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR), Bhavnagar, India
| | - Hiren D Raval
- Membrane Science and Separation Technology Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR), Bhavnagar, India
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215
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Viet ND, Jang A. Fertilizer draw solution index in osmotic membrane bioreactor for simultaneous wastewater treatment and sustainable agriculture. Chemosphere 2022; 296:134002. [PMID: 35181424 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the feasibility of applying a novel protocol for constructing a fertilizer draw solution (DS) index used in osmotic membrane bioreactor (OMBR) for simultaneous wastewater treatment and sustainable fertigation. The results indicated that system performance (i.e., water flux, reverse salt flux, contaminant removal) varied critically under different fertilizers. In which, the highest water recovery (∼60%) was observed with potassium chloride (KCl), whereas the lowest value (∼20%) was observed with ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3), which corresponded to the highest reverse salt flux. With all fertilizers, the membrane fouling layer thickness was in the range of 15.7-45.7 μm. The foulant were mostly irreversible and hydrophilic, with protein and polysaccharides were the dominant compounds. NH4NO3 and NH4H2PO4 (MAP) fertilizers caused the highest and lowest fouling resistances, respectively. Based on the matrix of performance aspects, the very first DSI was constructed for the assessment of fertilizer suitability. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that fouling resistance played a pivotal role in the total variation of the system. The multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) suggested MAP as the most appropriate fertilizer with the highest fertilizer DS index (0.90), followed by KH2PO4 (0.67), KCl (0.65), NaNO3 (0.58), and NH4NO3 (0.16). A numerical simulation using an artificial intelligence-based technique revealed that MAP is also capable of maintaining high performance during long-term operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Duc Viet
- Graduate School of Water Resources, Sungkyunkwan University, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Am Jang
- Graduate School of Water Resources, Sungkyunkwan University, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea.
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216
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Schostag MD, Gobbi A, Fini MN, Ellegaard-Jensen L, Aamand J, Hansen LH, Muff J, Albers CN. Combining reverse osmosis and microbial degradation for remediation of drinking water contaminated with recalcitrant pesticide residue. Water Res 2022; 216:118352. [PMID: 35358881 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Groundwater contamination by recalcitrant organic micropollutants such as pesticide residues poses a great threat to the quality of drinking water. One way to remediate drinking water containing micropollutants is to bioaugment with specific pollutant degrading bacteria. Previous attempts to augment sand filters with the 2,6-dichlorobenzamide (BAM) degrading bacterium Aminobacter niigataensis MSH1 to remediate BAM-polluted drinking water initially worked well, but the efficiency rapidly decreased due to loss of degrader bacteria. Here, we use pilot-scale augmented sand filters to treat retentate of reverse osmosis treatment, thus increasing residence time in the biofilters and potentially nutrient availability. In a first pilot-scale experiment, BAM and most of the measured nutrients were concentrated 5-10 times in the retentate. This did not adversely affect the abundances of inoculated bacteria and the general prokaryotic community of the sand filter presented only minor differences. On the other hand, the high degradation activity was not prolonged compared to the filter receiving non-concentrated water at the same residence time. Using laboratory columns, it was shown that efficient BAM degradation could be achieved for >100 days by increasing the residence time in the sand filter. A slower flow may have practical implications for the treatment of large volumes of water, however this can be circumvented when treating only the retentate water equalling 10-15% of the volume of inlet water. We therefore conducted a second pilot-scale experiment with two inoculated sand filters receiving membrane retentate operated with different residence times (22 versus 133 min) for 65 days. While the number of MSH1 in the biofilters was not affected, the effect on degradation was significant. In the filter with short residence time, BAM degradation decreased from 86% to a stable level of 10-30% degradation within the first two weeks. The filter with the long residence time initially showed >97% BAM degradation, which only slightly decreased with time (88% at day 65). Our study demonstrates the advantage of combining membrane filtration with bioaugmented filters in cases where flow rate is of high importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten D Schostag
- Department of Geochemistry, Geological Survey of Denmark & Greenland (GEUS), Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alex Gobbi
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Mahdi Nikbakht Fini
- Center for Membrane Technology, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Esbjerg, Denmark
| | | | - Jens Aamand
- Department of Geochemistry, Geological Survey of Denmark & Greenland (GEUS), Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Hestbjerg Hansen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Jens Muff
- Center for Membrane Technology, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Esbjerg, Denmark
| | - Christian N Albers
- Department of Geochemistry, Geological Survey of Denmark & Greenland (GEUS), Copenhagen, Denmark.
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217
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Bassiouny M, Nasr P, Sewilam H. Investigating the performance of hydroponic nutrient solutions as potential draw solutions for fertilizer drawn forward osmosis. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:46226-46242. [PMID: 35167023 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-18701-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This research project aims at investigating the performance of hydroponic nutrient solutions as draw solutions for desalination using the fertilizer drawn forward osmosis (FDFO) process. Six different lettuce and leafy greens hydroponic nutrient stock solutions were prepared according to the literature and used in this study and tested on a bench-scale forward osmosis unit as draw solutions for the process. The feed solution for the process was deionized water mixed with NaCl in different concentrations, to represent different salinities of brackish groundwater. The draw efficiency of each solution was measured based on water flux, specific reverse solute flux, water recovery, and salt rejection. It was concluded that of the six tested nutrient solutions, the "Resh Florida, California" solution is the recommended solution to be used as draw solution for fertilizer drawn forward osmosis, due to its high performance in terms of water recovery (15.75%), flux (11 L/m2/h), salt rejection (92%), and SRSF (highest recorded SRSF for a specific ion (SO42-) was 7.3 g/L), as well as its low cost, relative to the other highly performing draw solution "Chekli" ($1.07/L vs. $3.73/L).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Bassiouny
- Center for Applied Research On the Environment and Sustainability (CARES), School of Science and Engineering, The American University, AUC Avenue, P.O. Box 74, Cairo, 11835, New Cairo, Egypt
| | - Peter Nasr
- Center for Applied Research On the Environment and Sustainability (CARES), School of Science and Engineering, The American University, AUC Avenue, P.O. Box 74, Cairo, 11835, New Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hani Sewilam
- Center for Applied Research On the Environment and Sustainability (CARES), School of Science and Engineering, The American University, AUC Avenue, P.O. Box 74, Cairo, 11835, New Cairo, Egypt.
- UNESCO Chair in Hydrological Changes and Water Resources, RWTH Aachen University, ManagementAachen, Germany.
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218
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Khazaie F, Sheshmani S, Shokrollahzadeh S, Shahvelayati AS. Desalination of saline water via forward osmosis using magnetic nanoparticles covalently functionalized with citrate ions as osmotic agent. Environ Technol 2022; 43:2113-2123. [PMID: 33332242 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2020.1866087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Forward osmosis is an emerging membrane technology in water desalination. In this study, desalination of saline water via forward osmosis was investigated using a new magnetic osmotic agent. For this purpose, Fe3O4 nanoparticles covalently functionalised with tri-sodium citrate was synthesised and characterised. The structural examinations revealed that the sodium citrate had been immobilised onto the magnetic nanoparticles. The highest water flux was obtained 17.1 L M-2 h (LMH) per 80 g L-1 osmotic agent solution against deionised water, while the ratio of salt flux to water flux was very low (0.088 g L-1). The osmotic solution was evaluated for saline water desalination using different concentrations of sodium chloride (NaCl) as feed solutions. The average water fluxes of 6.2, 4.5, and 2.7 LMH was obtained for 0.1, 0.2, and 0.5 M salt solutions, respectively. The magnetic osmotic agent was separated by a magnet and re-used for several times without considerable decrease in the water flux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazeleh Khazaie
- Department of Chemistry, College of Basic Sciences, Yadegar-e-Imam Khomeini (RAH) Shahre Rey Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shabnam Sheshmani
- Department of Chemistry, College of Basic Sciences, Yadegar-e-Imam Khomeini (RAH) Shahre Rey Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soheila Shokrollahzadeh
- Department of Chemical Technologies, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology (IROST), Tehran, Iran
| | - Ashraf S Shahvelayati
- Department of Chemistry, College of Basic Sciences, Yadegar-e-Imam Khomeini (RAH) Shahre Rey Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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219
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Yoon J, Kwon HJ, Kang S, Brack E, Han J. Portable Seawater Desalination System for Generating Drinkable Water in Remote Locations. Environ Sci Technol 2022; 56:6733-6743. [PMID: 35420021 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c08466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A portable seawater desalination system would be highly desirable to solve water challenges in rural areas and disaster situations. While many reverse osmosis-based portable desalination systems are already available commercially, they are not adequate for providing reliable drinking water in remote locations due to the requirement of high-pressure pumping and repeated maintenance. We demonstrate a field-deployable desalination system with multistage electromembrane processes, composed of two-stage ion concentration polarization and one-stage electrodialysis, to convert brackish water and seawater to drinkable water. A data-driven predictive model is used to optimize the multistage configuration, and the model predictions show good agreement with the experimental results. The portable system desalinates brackish water and seawater (2.5-45 g/L) into drinkable water (defined by WHO guideline), with the energy consumptions of 0.4-4 (brackish water) and 15.6-26.6 W h/L (seawater), respectively. In addition, the process can also reduce suspended solids by at least a factor of 10 from the source water, resulting in crystal clear water (<1 NTU) even from the source water with turbidity higher than 30 NTU (i.e., cloudy seawater by the tide). We built a fully integrated prototype (controller, pumps, and battery) packaged into a portable unit (42 × 33.5 × 19 cm3, 9.25 kg, and 0.33 L/h production rate) controlled by a smartphone, tested for battery-powered field operation. The demonstrated portable desalination system is unprecedented in size, efficiency, and operational flexibility. Therefore, it could address unique water challenges in remote, resource-limited regions of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junghyo Yoon
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Hyukjin J Kwon
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - SungKu Kang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Eric Brack
- U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command (DEVCOM)─Soldier Center, 10 General Greene Avenue, Natick, Massachusetts 01760, United States
| | - Jongyoon Han
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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220
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Peters CD, Li D, Mo Z, Hankins NP, She Q. Exploring the Limitations of Osmotically Assisted Reverse Osmosis: Membrane Fouling and the Limiting Flux. Environ Sci Technol 2022; 56:6678-6688. [PMID: 35475365 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c00839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Osmotically assisted reverse osmosis (OARO) has shown great potential for low-cost and energy-efficient brine management. However, its performance can be significantly limited by membrane fouling. Here, we performed for the first time a comprehensive study on OARO membrane fouling, explored the associated fouling mechanisms, and evaluated fouling reversibility via simple physical cleaning strategies. First, internal membrane fouling at the draw (permeate) side was shown to be insignificant. Flux behavior in short-term operation was correlated to both the evolution of fouling and the change of internal concentration polarization. In long-term operation, membrane fouling constrained the OARO water flux to a singular, common upper limit, in terms of limiting flux, which was demonstrated to be independent of operating pressures and membrane properties. Generally, once the limiting flux was exceeded, the OARO process performance could not be improved by higher-pressure operation or by utilizing more permeable and selective membranes. Instead, different cyclic cleaning strategies were shown to be more promising alternatives for improving performance. While both surface flushing and osmotic backwashing (OB) were found to be highly effective when using pure water, a full flux recovery could not be achieved when a nonpure solution was used during OB due to severe internal clogging during OB. All in all, the presented findings provided significant implications for OARO operation and fouling control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian D Peters
- Department of Engineering Science, The University of Oxford, Parks Road, OX3 1PJ Oxford, U.K
- Singapore Membrane Technology Centre, Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637141, Singapore
| | - Dan Li
- Singapore Membrane Technology Centre, Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637141, Singapore
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Zijing Mo
- Singapore Membrane Technology Centre, Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637141, Singapore
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Programme, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Nicholas P Hankins
- Department of Engineering Science, The University of Oxford, Parks Road, OX3 1PJ Oxford, U.K
| | - Qianhong She
- Singapore Membrane Technology Centre, Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637141, Singapore
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
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221
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Rahav E, Belkin N, Nnebuo O, Sisma-Ventura G, Guy-Haim T, Sharon-Gojman R, Geisler E, Bar-Zeev E. Jellyfish swarm impair the pretreatment efficiency and membrane performance of seawater reverse osmosis desalination. Water Res 2022; 215:118231. [PMID: 35247603 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Circumstantial evidence has suggested that jellyfish swarms impair the operation of seawater reverse osmosis desalination facilities. However, only limited information is currently available on the pretreatment efficiency of jellyfish and their effects on reverse osmosis (RO) membrane performance. Here, we have comprehensively tested the pretreatment efficiency of a dual-media gravity filter and cartridge micro-filtration following the addition of jellyfish into the feedwater. Concurrently, the fouling propensity and performance of the RO membranes were examined. We show that jellyfish demise resulted in seawater eutrophication that triggered a significant increase in bacterial biomass (∼50-fold), activity (∼7-fold), and release of transparent exopolymer particles (∼5-fold), peaking three days after the addition of jellyfish into the feedwater. In parallel, a significant reduction in permeate water flux was recorded (∼10%) while trans-membrane pressure sharply increased (15%), reaching the operation pressure limit of our system (75 bar) after five days. At the conclusion of the experiments, the membrane surface was heavily covered by large chunks of organic-rich material and multilayered biofilms. Our results provide a holistic view on the operational challenges of seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) desalination triggered by jellyfish swarms in coastal areas. Following the above, it can be inferred that freshwater production will likely be halted three days after drawing the jellyfish into the pretreatment system. Outcomes from these results may lead to the development of science-based operational protocols to cope with growing occurrence of jellyfish swarms around the intake of SWRO desalination facilities worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eyal Rahav
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, Haifa 31080, Israel.
| | - Natalia Belkin
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, Haifa 31080, Israel
| | - Oluebube Nnebuo
- Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus 84990, Israel
| | - Guy Sisma-Ventura
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, Haifa 31080, Israel
| | - Tamar Guy-Haim
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, Haifa 31080, Israel
| | - Revital Sharon-Gojman
- Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus 84990, Israel
| | - Eyal Geisler
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, Haifa 31080, Israel; Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus 84990, Israel
| | - Edo Bar-Zeev
- Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus 84990, Israel.
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222
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Mesquita IS, Borges CP, Fonseca FVD. Membrane biorreactor, reverse osmosis and UV/H 2O 2 process integration for ethinylestradiol removal: A cost-benefit analysis. J Environ Manage 2022; 310:114760. [PMID: 35219206 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The presence of 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) in water bodies and its potential risks to human health and the environment have been frequently described in the literature, in addition to its limited removal in conventional wastewater treatment plants. Many studies have evaluated this removal by advanced processes, including photodegradation and membrane separation. A significant number of studies also assess the economic analysis of these technologies. However, few works articulate both perspectives: the specificity involved in estrogen removal and economic analysis. Given this gap, this work evaluates the synergies involved in the integration of reverse osmosis (RO) and advanced oxidative processes by UV/H2O2 (AOP) in the post-treatment of membrane bioreactor (MBR) effluents. To this end, the integrated plant possibilities were represented through a superstructure that integrated EE2 removal and cost models of each process. The use of a Hook and Jeeves optimizer considering these processes standard operating conditions made it possible to determine the percentage of stream division for each equipment and even the absence of any of these in an integrated plant with lower cost and EE2 concentration output below the recommended limit by the European Union (0.035 ng.L-1). For EE2 feed content up to 3 ng.L-1, the lowest cost configuration is to route 20% of the MBR effluent to the AOP, 30% to the RO, and the remainder to a final mixer. For concentrations above 15 ng.L-1, the sufficient and lowest cost configuration is the MBR-RO-AOP series. Intermediate values have a more advantageous integrated process configuration with the parallel and series configurations combined, with a stream distribution dependent on the feed concentration. Moreover, a parameter sensitivity analysis was performed, clarifying paths for design improvements and acting as a systematic guide for future work in this area. This analysis highlights that EE2 removal is more sensitive to temperature (1.04%), feed substrate concentration (-1.18%), solid retention time in the MBR (0.32%), and irradiance in AOP (-0.46%). Investment costs also proved to be decisive in the composition of the total cost, enhancing the relevance of the maturation process of these technologies in light of simple changes in operating parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iago Santos Mesquita
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering Department, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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223
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Zhong L, Zhang X, Ma J, Liu D, Liu D, Wang Y, Cui F, Wang W. Synergy of feed-side aeration and super slippery interface in membrane distillation for enhanced water flux and scaling mitigation. Water Res 2022; 215:118246. [PMID: 35259560 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Membrane distillation (MD) is an acknowledged promising technology for desalinating hypersaline brine, and as such can be a suitable candidate to further concentrate the seawater discharged from reverse osmosis process. Mineral scaling represents a major constraint against the application of MD for further desalination of concentrated seawater, especially when considering CaSO4 (gypsum) and NaCl. Up until now, it has been difficult to rely solely on membrane modification to mitigate CaSO4 scaling. Permeate-side aeration can lessen CaSO4 scaling, but does not permit to increase the water flux. Herein, we proposed the synergy of feed-side aeration and super slippery interface to perform concentrated seawater desalination via direct contact membrane distillation. The results of this study show that this synergistic effect could significantly increase the water flux, which was approximately 1.5 times higher in comparison to the membrane without aeration. Moreover, the synergistic effect effectively alleviates the complex scaling of concentrated seawater, achieving 90 wt% water recovery rate. Based on the observed results, we elucidated the mechanisms governing the enhanced water flux and scaling mitigation driven by the synergistic effect. In addition, we studied the optimal working condition for this system, unveiling that low-intensity large bubbles are more suitable as they lead to a better equilibrium between the economics and functionality of the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Xiaoxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Jiaxiang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Dongqing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Dongmei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Yu Wang
- School of Materials Science and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Fuyi Cui
- College of Urban Construction and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
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224
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Nematzadeh M, Samimi A, Mohebbi-Kalhori D, Shokrollahzadeh S, Bide Y. Forward osmosis dewatering of seawater and pesticide contaminated effluents using the commercial fertilizers and zinc-nitrate blend draw solutions. Sci Total Environ 2022; 820:153376. [PMID: 35077789 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Fertilizer driven forward osmosis (FDFO) process would be feasible due to the possible prevention of the drainage of dewatered and concentrated pesticide effluent from agricultural pesticide industries to the environment. Instead, it would be possible to return the concentrated pesticide solution to the processing cycle, and on the other hand, employ directly the obtained diluted fertilizer draw solution for irrigation. This study investigated the performance of zinc-nitrate/amino-acids blends as fertilizer type draw solution, and distilled water, saline water (seawater), and synthetic wastewater containing pesticides as feed. The results indicated that the synergetic effect of blended type fertilizer presented significantly higher osmotic pressure and water flux than the sum of their individual ones, especially when the amount of amino acid increased. Conversely, an ignorable reverse flux of blended fertilizer draw solute was observed. The fertilizer blend with a molar ratio of 1:6 zinc-nitrate/amino-acid achieved the higher average fluxes of 34.7 and 23.92 L/m2h from distilled and saline waters compared to common draw solutions such as metal salts. Furthermore, the FDFO exhibited a high rejection (over 99%) of bentazon and imidacloprid in feed solutions compared to other agricultural pesticides due to their larger molecular weight and molecular size. The applied FDFO represented a significant reduction in specific energy consumption (from 0.17 to 0.049 kWh/m3) in a bench-scale setup as compared to the RO process almost at the same water permeation flux and the rejection of bentazon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Nematzadeh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Abdolreza Samimi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran.
| | - Davod Mohebbi-Kalhori
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Soheila Shokrollahzadeh
- Department of Chemical Technologies, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology (IROST), Tehran, Iran
| | - Yasamin Bide
- Department of Chemical Technologies, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology (IROST), Tehran, Iran
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225
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Duc Viet N, Lee H, Im SJ, Jang A. Fate, elimination, and simulation of low-molecular-weight micropollutants in an integrated activated carbon-fertiliser drawn osmotic membrane bioreactor. Bioresour Technol 2022; 351:126972. [PMID: 35276379 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.126972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the behaviour and simulation of low-molecular-weight (low-MW) micropollutants (MPs) in a powdered activated carbon (PAC)-assisted fertiliser-drawn OMBR. 10% increase in water recovery and two times thinner fouling layer were observed in OMBR with addition of 100 mg-PAC/g-MLSS. This amount of PAC also boosted the richness and diversity in microbial community (Chao1 and Shannon index increased 1.5 times). Nearly 100% low-MW MPs were eliminated in PAC-OMBR, while 2-80% was achieved with traditional OMBR. This reduced the pathway of low-MW MPs into diluted fertiliser from 47% to < 1% of the total influent mass. Hydrophilicity played the crucial role in the removal of low-MW MPs, especially acetaminophen and nonylphenol. Neural network was suitable for the simulation of MP behaviour with high accuracy (R = 0.98, RMSE = 4.7%). The findings support safer and cleaner use of the diluted fertiliser and promote a cost-effective tool for real-time analysis of MP behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Duc Viet
- Dept. of Global Smart City, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonho Lee
- Dept. of Global Smart City, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Ju Im
- Dept. of Global Smart City, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Am Jang
- Dept. of Global Smart City, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea.
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226
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Gong C, Ren X, Zhang Z, Sun Y, Huang H. Electrocoagulation pretreatment of pulp and paper wastewater for low pressure reverse osmosis membrane fouling control. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:36897-36910. [PMID: 35064492 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-18045-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Low pressure reverse osmosis (LPRO) has been increasingly used in advanced treatment of pulp and paper wastewater (PPWW) for the purpose of water reuse. However, membrane fouling is a major problem encountered by full-scale RO systems due to the organic and inorganic contents of the feedwater. Electrocoagulation (EC) as an effective treatment for foulants removal can be applied in pre-filtration. Therefore, the LPRO membrane fouling mechanism and the membrane fouling control performance by EC treatment were investigated in this study. EC pretreatment could reduce the membrane fouling and improve the membrane flux by 31%, by effectively removing and/or decomposing the organic pollutants in PPWW. Fluorescent spectrometry analyses of the feedwater and the permeate revealed that humic acid-like and fulvic acid-like organics in PPWW were the major foulants for the LPRO membranes. Fourier transformation infrared spectrometry results confirmed that the organic foulants contained benzoic rings and carboxylic groups, which were typical for organic substances. EC effectively removed organic pollutants containing functional groups such as carboxylic acid COH out-of-plane bending, olefin (trans), and NH3+ symmetrical angle-changing. Moreover, the extended Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek model suggested that the membrane filtered 30-min EC-treated PPWW had the strong repulsion force to foulants due to the higher cohesion energy (12.1 mJ/m2) and the lower critical load, which theoretically explained the reason of EC pretreatment on membrane fouling control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenhao Gong
- Environmental Protection Research Institute of Light Industry, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, No. 1 Gao Li Zhang Road, Beijing, 100095, China.
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing, 100875, China.
| | - Xiaojing Ren
- Environmental Protection Research Institute of Light Industry, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, No. 1 Gao Li Zhang Road, Beijing, 100095, China
| | - Zhongguo Zhang
- Environmental Protection Research Institute of Light Industry, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, No. 1 Gao Li Zhang Road, Beijing, 100095, China
| | - Yuwei Sun
- Environmental Protection Research Institute of Light Industry, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, No. 1 Gao Li Zhang Road, Beijing, 100095, China
| | - Haiou Huang
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing, 100875, China
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227
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Hamonangan WM, Lee S, Choi YH, Li W, Tai M, Kim SH. Osmosis-Mediated Microfluidic Production of Submillimeter-Sized Capsules with an Ultrathin Shell for Cosmetic Applications. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:18159-18169. [PMID: 35426298 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c01319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
There is a demand for submillimeter-sized capsules with an ultrathin shell with high visibility and no tactile sensation after release for cosmetic applications. However, neither bulk emulsification nor droplet microfluidics can directly produce such capsules in a controlled manner. Herein, we report the microfluidic production of submillimeter-sized capsules with a spacious lumen and ultrathin biodegradable shell through osmotic inflation of water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) double-emulsion drops. Monodisperse double-emulsion drops are produced with a capillary microfluidic device to have an organic solution of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) in the middle oil layer. Hypotonic conditions inflate the drops, leading to core volume expansion and oil-layer thickness reduction. Afterward, the oil layer is consolidated to the PLGA shell through solvent evaporation. The degree of inflation is controllable with the osmotic pressure. With a strong hypotonic condition, the capsule radius increases up to 330 μm and the shell thickness decreases to 1 μm so that the ratio of the thickness to radius is as small as 0.006. The large capsules with an ultrathin shell readily release their encapsulant under an external force by shell rupture. In the mechanical test of single capsules, the threshold strain for shell rupture is reduced from 75 to 12%, and the threshold stress is decreased by two orders for highly inflated capsules in comparison with noninflated ones. During the shell rupture, the tactile sensation of capsules gradually disappears as the capsules lose volume and the residual shells are ultrathin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wahyu Martumpal Hamonangan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangmin Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye Hun Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Wanzhao Li
- Infinitus R&D Center, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | - Meiling Tai
- Infinitus R&D Center, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | - Shin-Hyun Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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228
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Zhao Y, Wang YN, Lai GS, Torres J, Wang R. Proteoliposome-Incorporated Seawater Reverse Osmosis Polyamide Membrane: Is the Aquaporin Water Channel Effect in Improving Membrane Performance Overestimated? Environ Sci Technol 2022; 56:5179-5188. [PMID: 35349264 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c08857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The water channel feature of the aquaporin (AQP) is considered to be the key in improving the permselectivity of AQP-based thin-film composite (TFC) polyamide (PA) membranes, yet much less attention has been paid to the physicochemical property changes of the PA layer induced by AQP-reconstituted proteoliposomes. This study systematically investigated the roles of proteoliposome constituents (liposome/detergent/AQP) in affecting the physicochemical properties and performance of the membranes. For the first time, we demonstrated that the constituents in the proteoliposome could facilitate the formation of a PA layer with enlarged protuberances and thinner crumples, resulting in a 79% increase in effective surface area and lowering of hydraulic resistance for filtration. These PA structural changes of the AQP-based membrane were found to contribute over 70% to the water permeability increase via comparing the separation performance of the membranes prepared with liposome, detergent, and proteoliposome, respectively, and one proteoliposome-ruptured membrane. The contribution from the AQP water channel feature was about 27% of water permeability increase in the current study, attributed to only ∼20% vesicle coverage in the PA matrix, and this contribution may be easily lost as a result of vesicle rupture during the real seawater reverse osmosis process. This study reveals that the changed morphology dominates the performance improvement of the AQP-based PA membrane and well explains why the actual AQP-based PA membranes cannot acquire the theoretical water/salt selectivity of a biomimetic AQP membrane, deepening our understanding of the AQP-based membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Zhao
- Singapore Membrane Technology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Singapore 637141, Singapore
| | - Yi-Ning Wang
- Singapore Membrane Technology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Singapore 637141, Singapore
| | - Gwo Sung Lai
- Singapore Membrane Technology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Singapore 637141, Singapore
| | - Jaume Torres
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Rong Wang
- Singapore Membrane Technology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Singapore 637141, Singapore
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
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229
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Brinkmann T, Kuhnke F, Grimm E, Knoche M. Sweet cherry flesh cells burst in non-random clusters along minor veins. Planta 2022; 255:100. [PMID: 35389118 PMCID: PMC8990966 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-03882-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Sweet cherry flesh cells burst when exposed to water but they do so in clusters indicating heterogeneity with respect to osmotic concentration, which depends on proximity to a minor vein. Water plays a key role in cracking in sweet cherry fruit. Magnetic resonance imaging has previously indicated preferential partitioning of water along veins. A more negative osmotic potential along veins seems the likely explanation. Here we establish if cell bursting in mature sweet cherry fruit is also associated with the veins. Cell bursting was identified by a novel light microscope technique involving exposure of a cut fruit surface to water or to sucrose solutions. Upon exposure to water there was no bursting of skin cells but for cells of the flesh (mesocarp) bursting increased with time. When the cut surface was exposed to sucrose solutions of decreasing osmotic concentrations (increasing water potentials) the incidence of cell bursting increased from hypertonic (no bursting), to isotonic, to hypotonic. Cell bursting in the outer mesocarp occurred primarily in the vicinity of minor veins that in the inner mesocarp was primarily between radial veins. The median distance between a minor vein and a bursting cell (mean diameter 0.129 mm) was about 0.318 mm that between a radial vein and a bursting cell was about 0.497 mm. In contrast, the distance between adjacent minor veins averaged 2.57 mm, that between adjacent radial veins averaged 0.83 mm. Cell bursting tends to occur in clusters. Mapping of cell bursting indicates (1) that a seemingly uniform population of mesocarp cells actually represents a heterogeneous population with regard to their cell osmotic potentials and (2) cell bursting afflicts clusters of neighbouring cells in the vicinities of minor veins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Brinkmann
- Abteilung Obstbau, Institut für Gartenbauliche Produktionssysteme, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, 30419, Hannover, Germany
| | - Felix Kuhnke
- Institut für Informationsverarbeitung, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Appelstr. 9a, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Eckhard Grimm
- Abteilung Obstbau, Institut für Gartenbauliche Produktionssysteme, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, 30419, Hannover, Germany
| | - Moritz Knoche
- Abteilung Obstbau, Institut für Gartenbauliche Produktionssysteme, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, 30419, Hannover, Germany.
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230
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Chang HM, Chen SS, Hsiao SS, Chang WS, Chien IC, Duong CC, Nguyen TXQ. Water reclamation and microbial community investigation: Treatment of tetramethylammonium hydroxide wastewater through an anaerobic osmotic membrane bioreactor hybrid system. J Hazard Mater 2022; 427:128200. [PMID: 34999397 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.128200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) is a toxic photoresist developer used in the photolithography process in thin-film transistor liquid crystal display (TFT-LCD) production, and it can be removed through anaerobic treatment. TMAH cannot be released into the environment because of its higher toxicity. A tight membrane, such as a forward osmosis (FO) membrane, together with an anaerobic biological process can ensure that no TMAH is released into the environment. Thus, for the first time, an anaerobic osmotic membrane bioreactor (AnOMBR) hybrid system was developed in this study to treat a low-strength TMAH wastewater and to simultaneously investigate its microbial community. Microfiltration extraction was used to mitigate the salinity accumulation, and a periodically physical water cleaning was utilized to mitigate the FO membrane fouling. The diluted draw solute (MgSO4) was reconcentrated and reused by a membrane distillation (MD) process in the AnOMBR to achieve 99.99% TMAH removal in this AnOMBR-MD hybrid system, thereby ensuring that no TMAH is released into the natural environment. Moreover, the membrane fouling in the feed and draw sides were analyzed through the fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (FEEM) spectrophotometry to confirm that the humic acid-like materials were the primary membrane fouling components in this AnOMBR. Additionally, 16S rRNA metagenomics analysis indicated that Methanosaeta was the predominant contributor to methanogenesis and proliferated during the long-term operation. The methane yield was increased from 0.2 to 0.26 L CH4/g COD when the methanogen species acclimatized to the saline system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hau-Ming Chang
- Institute of Environmental Engineering and Management, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shiao-Shing Chen
- Institute of Environmental Engineering and Management, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Shiang-Sheng Hsiao
- Institute of Environmental Engineering and Management, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - I-Chieh Chien
- Department of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, Tamkang University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chinh Cong Duong
- Southern Institute of Water Resources Research, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Thi Xuan Quynh Nguyen
- Institute of Environmental Engineering and Management, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
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231
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Wu S, An Y, Lu J, Yu Q, He Z. EDTA-Na 2 as a recoverable draw solute for water extraction in forward osmosis. Environ Res 2022; 205:112521. [PMID: 34902380 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Regeneration and reuse of draw solute (DS) is a key challenge in the application of forward osmosis (FO) technologies. Herein, EDTA-Na2 was studied as a recoverable DS for water extraction by taking advantages of its pH-responsive property. The FO system using EDTA DS achieved a higher water flux of 2.22 ± 0.06 L m-2 h-1 and a significantly lower reverse salt flux (RSF) of 0.06 ± 0.01 g m-2 h-1, compared to that with NaCl DS having either the same DS concentration or the same Na+ concentration. The suitable pH range for the application of EDTA DS was between 4.0 and 10.5. A simple recovery method via combined pH adjustment and microfiltration was employed to recover EDTA DS and could achieve the recovery efficiency (at pH 2) of 96.26 ± 0.48%, 97.13 ± 1.03% and 98.56 ± 1.40% by using H2SO4, H3PO4 and HCl, respectively. The lowest acid cost for DS recovery was estimated from 0.0012 ± 0.0001 to 0.0162 ± 0.0003 $ g-1 by using H2SO4. The recovered EDTA DS could be reused in the subsequent FO operation and the overall recovery efficiency was 94.4% for four reuse cycles. These results have demonstrated the feasible of EDTA-Na2 DS and a potentially cost-effective recovery approach, and encouraged further exploration of using EDTA-based compounds as a draw solute for FO applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simiao Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, PR China.
| | - Ying An
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, PR China
| | - Jilai Lu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, PR China
| | - Qingmiao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, PR China
| | - Zhen He
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA.
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232
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Liu F, Kingsbury RS, Rech JJ, You W, Coronell O. Effect of osmotic ballast properties on the performance of a concentration gradient battery. Water Res 2022; 212:118076. [PMID: 35077940 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A concentration gradient battery (CGB) is an energy storage system comprised of a series of concentrated and dilute salt solution compartments, separated by ion exchange membranes (IEMs). The battery is charged by electrodialysis (ED), which increases the concentration gradient between these solutions, and discharged by reverse electrodialysis (RED), which allows these solutions to mix. In both ED and RED, water moves by osmosis from dilute to concentrated compartments, reducing the CGB faradaic and energy efficiency. A promising approach to mitigate osmosis is to use an osmotic ballast in the dilute solution to balance the osmotic pressure and reduce faradaic energy losses. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of ballast properties (i.e., size, structure, end-group) on the faradaic and round-trip efficiency of the CGB. To accomplish this objective, we tested seven sugar and five glycol compounds as osmotic ballasts in a closed-loop cell. Results show that ballasts with high molecular weight generally resulted in higher faradaic efficiency and lower water transport compared with low molecular weight ballasts. Data also indicates that ballast with a cyclic structure (instead of linear), non-planar structure (instead of planar), and lower number of methyl end-groups led to lower water transport. Of all ballasts tested, sucrose performed best in terms of reducing non-ideal water transport (by 109%) and enhancing both faradaic and round-trip efficiencies (from 47.4% to 77.7% and 25.5% to 38.1%, respectively) compared with the non-ballasted CGB. Our results contribute to fundamental understanding of the impact of solute properties on water and small organic molecule transport in ion exchange membranes and indicate that ballasted CGBs can be further improved through development of optimized ballasts and selection of optimum membrane-ballast pairs. The improved understanding of ballast impact on CGB performance could be used for evaluation of potential ballast benefits in other membrane-based systems that may be impacted by osmosis such as the acid-base flow battery, waste heat recovery using RED, ED purification processes, osmotically assisted processes, and redox flow batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Liu
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266042, China; Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Ryan S Kingsbury
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jeromy J Rech
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Wei You
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Applied Physical Sciences, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Orlando Coronell
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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233
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Xie L, He X, Liu Y, Cao C, Zhang W. Treatment of reverse osmosis membrane by sodium hypochlorite and alcohols for enhanced performance using the swelling-fastening effect. Chemosphere 2022; 292:133444. [PMID: 34973249 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Chemicals soaking is generally acknowledged as a convenient and efficient method to improve the performance of reverse osmosis (RO) membranes. The conventional soaking of RO membranes in alkaline sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) usually promotes extensive hydrolysis and cleavage amide bonds, resulting in improved water flux but declined salt rejection. Here, alcohols were added into the NaClO solution to regulate the chlorination processes using their "swelling-fastening" effect. The alcohols could interact with polyamide chains, and thus swell the polyamide network. Due to this interaction, the NaClO has less probability of attacking the polyamide chains. Hence, the chlorine-promoted hydrolysis was partly eased, which could weaken the decrease of salt rejection. Besides, after removing alcohols as well as the dissolved small oligomers and fragments of polyamide, the network was compacted and the loosened sites were healed, which is also beneficial to increase the difficulty of salt penetration. The treatment of RO membrane by the NaClO and alcohols could produce a hydrophilic surface with increased water flux and high salt rejection. The membrane chloridized at 2000 ppm NaClO exhibited a water flux improvement of 20.28% and a salt rejection declination of 0.95%. When treated with 2000 ppm NaClO associated with 5% methanol, the water flux improved 20.13% with little declination in salt rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Xuan He
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Yaqian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Chuanpeng Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China.
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234
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Wu YH, Wang YH, Xue S, Chen Z, Luo LW, Bai Y, Tong X, Hu HY. Increased risks of antibiotic resistant genes (ARGs) induced by chlorine disinfection in the reverse osmosis system for potable reuse of reclaimed water. Sci Total Environ 2022; 815:152860. [PMID: 35016950 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The reverse osmosis (RO) process has been applied extensively in wastewater reclamation for industrial and potable reuse. To prevent biofouling, chlorine disinfection was usually used in pretreatment. However, this study found that chlorine disinfection could significantly increase risks of antibiotic resistant genes (ARGs) in the RO system. With the increase of chlorine concentration from 0 to 5 mg/L, the accumulative relative abundance of 14 common ARGs in the membrane foulants increased by 49.6%. Among these ARGs, tolC, acrA and acrB (resistance to multiple drugs) showed the highest increament after chlorine disinfection. Especially, the relative abundance of tolC in the group with 5 mg/L chlorine increased by 113.3% compared with the control group. These ARGs tended to be enriched in a few bacterial genus, including Candidatus, Thiomonas, Silanimonas, Xanthomonas and Pseudomonas. These results indicated that the foulants on RO membranes might become a potential sink of ARGs. Considering the possibility of membrane breach, the ARGs may contaminate the permeate and bring great biological risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Hu Wu
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China; Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Yun-Hong Wang
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China; Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Song Xue
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China; Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies, Beijing 100084, PR China.
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China; Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Li-Wei Luo
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China; Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Yuan Bai
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China; Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Xin Tong
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China; Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Hong-Ying Hu
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China; Research Institute for Environmental Innovation (Suzhou), Tsinghua, Jiangsu, Suzhou, 215163, PR China
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235
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Hu R, Feng H, Chang H, Wei Z, Zhang C, Zhong N, Zhang Y, Zhang S, Ho SH. Improving reverse osmosis concentrate treatment and nutrients conversion to Chlorella vulgaris bioenergy assisted with granular activated carbon. Sci Total Environ 2022; 815:152663. [PMID: 34971685 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Landfill leachate (LL), especially the reverse osmosis concentrate (ROC), is a societal burden due to high toxicity but may have intrinsic values attributing to copious nutrients and organics. ROC bioremediation by microalgae has attracted much attentions benefiting from its extra advantage of bioenergy production. However, efficient microalgae cultivation with ROC is still a challenging task attributing to notorious ROC characteristics, like high chromaticity and toxicity. To alleviate these negative influences, a technique integrating granular activated carbon (GAC) pretreatment and microalgae bioremediation was proposed, with which nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiencies achieved 100% along with an optimized microalgal biomass concentration of 1.44 g/L and lipid yield of 482.4 mg/L. Furthermore, a total volumetric energy yield of 33.6 kJ/L was acquired, which was conducive to realize energy valorization. The visualization evidence of three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy revealed chromaticity degradation mechanism of ROC as humic acids reduction and transfer to family of soluble microbial by-products. Meanwhile, contributions of GAC adsorption and microalgae assimilation on nutrients removal were analyzed. Together, this work provides a promising method and valuable information for ROC bioremediation with microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Hu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China; Shanghai Technical Service Platform for Pollution Control and Resource Utilization of Organic Wastes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Haowen Feng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Haixing Chang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China.
| | - Zhuanqin Wei
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Chaofan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150090, China
| | - Nianbing Zhong
- Liangjiang International College, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 401135, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Shicheng Zhang
- Shanghai Technical Service Platform for Pollution Control and Resource Utilization of Organic Wastes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Shih-Hsin Ho
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150090, China.
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236
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Echevarría C, Pastur M, Valderrama C, Cortina JL, Vega A, Mesa C, Aceves M. Techno-economic assessment of decentralized polishing schemes for municipal water reclamation and reuse in the industrial sector in costal semiarid regions: The case of Barcelona (Spain). Sci Total Environ 2022; 815:152842. [PMID: 34995580 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study demonstrates the techno-economic reliability of an innovative fit-for-use treatment train to boost municipal reclaimed water reuse fore industrial uses in the Barcelona Metropolitan Area (BMA). The relatively high conductivity (2090 μS/cm) and hardness (454 mg/L) of reclaimed water in the BMA (e.g. Water Reclamation Plant (WRP) of El Baix Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain), together with the restrictive water quality demands in industrial uses, claims for the implementation of advanced reclamation schemes based on desalination technologies such as reverse osmosis (RO). The study assesses the benefits of two potential pre-treatments of the RO stage: (i) ultrafiltration (UF) or (ii) an innovative high-performance nano-structured polymeric adsorbent (CNM); in which a permeability decline of 5% was observed when CNM was used as a pre-treatment, while a stable permeability of RO was found when was fed by the UF effluent. On the other hand, generic cost curves have been calculated for the technologies evaluated and were applied to estimate capital and operational expenditures (CAPEX and OPEX) for the scale-up in three different industrial sites (e.g., chemical, waste management and electro-coating industries). The economic assessment indicates that the use of municipal reclaimed water is economically competitive in front of the use of tap water in the BMA, providing savings between 0.13 and 0.52 €/m3 for the waste management industry and between 0.49 and 0.98 €/m3 for the electrocoating industry. On the other hand, the use of groundwater in one of the industrial sites and its relatively low cost implied that, although it is necessary a RO, the current cost of water is significantly lower.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Echevarría
- Chemical Engineering Department, UPC-BarcelonaTECH, C/ Eduard Maristany, 10-14 (Campus Diagonal-Besòs), 08930 Barcelona, Spain; Water Technology Center CETaqua, Carretera d'Esplugues 75, 08040 Cornellà de Llobregat, Spain.
| | - M Pastur
- Water Technology Center CETaqua, Carretera d'Esplugues 75, 08040 Cornellà de Llobregat, Spain
| | - C Valderrama
- Chemical Engineering Department, UPC-BarcelonaTECH, C/ Eduard Maristany, 10-14 (Campus Diagonal-Besòs), 08930 Barcelona, Spain; Barcelona Research Center for Multiscale Science and Engineering, C/ Eduard Maristany, 10-14 (Campus Diagonal-Besòs), 08930 Barcelona, Spain
| | - J L Cortina
- Chemical Engineering Department, UPC-BarcelonaTECH, C/ Eduard Maristany, 10-14 (Campus Diagonal-Besòs), 08930 Barcelona, Spain; Barcelona Research Center for Multiscale Science and Engineering, C/ Eduard Maristany, 10-14 (Campus Diagonal-Besòs), 08930 Barcelona, Spain; Water Technology Center CETaqua, Carretera d'Esplugues 75, 08040 Cornellà de Llobregat, Spain
| | - A Vega
- Aigües de Barcelona, Empresa Metropolitana de la Gestió del Cicle Integral de l'Aigua, C/General Batet 1-7, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Mesa
- Aigües de Barcelona, Empresa Metropolitana de la Gestió del Cicle Integral de l'Aigua, C/General Batet 1-7, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Aceves
- Área Metropolitana de Barcelona, C/62, 16 Polígono Industrial Zona Franca, 08040, Spain
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237
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Chen GQ, Wu YH, Tan YJ, Chen Z, Tong X, Bai Y, Luo LW, Wang HB, Xu YQ, Zhang ZW, Ikuno N, Hu HY. Pretreatment for alleviation of RO membrane fouling in dyeing wastewater reclamation. Chemosphere 2022; 292:133471. [PMID: 34974050 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Adsorption and coagulation were commonly used to alleviate reverse osmosis (RO) membrane fouling caused by dissolved organic matters (DOM), but the effects of changed composition and structure of DOM in dyeing wastewater after adsorption and coagulation on RO membrane fouling have seldom been studied. This study aimed at resolving the mechanism how the RO membrane fouling during dyeing wastewater treatment was alleviated by using adsorption and coagulation. The dyeing wastewater caused serious RO membrane fouling. Pretreatment with granular activated carbon (GAC), polyferric sulfate (PFS) and polyaluminum chloride (PACl) were conducted. It was shown that GAC could remove most of the DOM (95%) and preferred to adsorb protein, hydrophobic neutrals and fluorescent compounds. Both coagulants of PFS and PACl preferred to remove polysaccharides (the removal rate was 9-19% higher than that of DOM), high-MW compounds and these compounds with high fouling potential. Afterwards, the RO membrane fouling potential of the dyeing wastewater was tested. The GAC and PFS performed well to alleviate fouling. After GAC treatment, the decline rate of RO flux was similar to that of raw wastewater after 6-fold dilution. With pretreatment by PFS or PACl, the fouling potential of dyeing wastewater was much lower than that of raw wastewater after diluted to the same DOM content. Changes in polysaccharides content in the DOM had more effects on RO membrane fouling than that of proteins after these pretreatment. Although the DOM changed significantly after pretreatment, the fouling type was still intermediate blocking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gen-Qiang Chen
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China; Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Yin-Hu Wu
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China; Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies, Beijing, 100084, PR China.
| | - Yu-Jun Tan
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China; Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China; Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Xing Tong
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China; Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Yuan Bai
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China; Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Li-Wei Luo
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China; Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Hao-Bin Wang
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China; Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Yu-Qing Xu
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China; Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Zi-Wei Zhang
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China; Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Nozomu Ikuno
- Kurita Water Industries Ltd., Nakano-ku, Tokyo, 164-0001, Japan
| | - Hong-Ying Hu
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China; Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies, Beijing, 100084, PR China; Shenzhen Environmental Science and New Energy Technology Engineering Laboratory, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
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238
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Heiranian M, DuChanois RM, Ritt CL, Violet C, Elimelech M. Molecular Simulations to Elucidate Transport Phenomena in Polymeric Membranes. Environ Sci Technol 2022; 56:3313-3323. [PMID: 35235312 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c00440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Despite decades of dominance in separation technology, progress in the design and development of high-performance polymer-based membranes has been incremental. Recent advances in materials science and chemical synthesis provide opportunities for molecular-level design of next-generation membrane materials. Such designs necessitate a fundamental understanding of transport and separation mechanisms at the molecular scale. Molecular simulations are important tools that could lead to the development of fundamental structure-property-performance relationships for advancing membrane design. In this Perspective, we assess the application and capability of molecular simulations to understand the mechanisms of ion and water transport across polymeric membranes. Additionally, we discuss the reliability of molecular models in mimicking the structure and chemistry of nanochannels and transport pathways in polymeric membranes. We conclude by providing research directions for resolving key knowledge gaps related to transport phenomena in polymeric membranes and for the construction of structure-property-performance relationships for the design of next-generation membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Heiranian
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8286, United States
| | - Ryan M DuChanois
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8286, United States
| | - Cody L Ritt
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8286, United States
| | - Camille Violet
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8286, United States
| | - Menachem Elimelech
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8286, United States
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239
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Loseto G, Scioscia F, Ruta M, Gramegna F, Ieva S, Fasciano C, Bilenchi I, Loconte D. Osmotic Cloud-Edge Intelligence for IoT-Based Cyber-Physical Systems. Sensors (Basel) 2022; 22:s22062166. [PMID: 35336335 PMCID: PMC8955238 DOI: 10.3390/s22062166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Cyber-Physical Systems allows machine learning inference on acquired data with ever greater accuracy, thanks to models trained with massive amounts of information generated by Internet of Things devices. Edge Intelligence is increasingly adopted to execute inference on data at the border of local networks, exploiting models trained in the Cloud. However, the training tasks on Edge nodes are not supported yet with flexible dynamic migration between Edge and Cloud. This paper proposes a Cloud-Edge AI microservice architecture, based on Osmotic Computing principles. Notable features include: (i) containerized architecture enabling training and inference on the Edge, Cloud, or both, exploiting computational resources opportunistically to reach the best prediction accuracy; and (ii) microservice encapsulation of each architectural module, allowing a direct mapping with Commercial-Off-The-Shelf (COTS) components. Grounding on the proposed architecture: (i) a prototype has been realized with commodity hardware leveraging open-source software technologies; and (ii) it has been then used in a small-scale intelligent manufacturing case study, carrying out experiments. The obtained results validate the feasibility and key benefits of the approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Loseto
- Department of Management, Finance and Technology, LUM University “Giuseppe Degennaro”, Strada Statale 100 km 18, I-70010 Casamassima, Italy;
| | - Floriano Scioscia
- Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, Polytechnic University of Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy; (F.S.); (F.G.); (S.I.); (C.F.); (I.B.); (D.L.)
| | - Michele Ruta
- Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, Polytechnic University of Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy; (F.S.); (F.G.); (S.I.); (C.F.); (I.B.); (D.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-080-596-3316
| | - Filippo Gramegna
- Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, Polytechnic University of Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy; (F.S.); (F.G.); (S.I.); (C.F.); (I.B.); (D.L.)
| | - Saverio Ieva
- Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, Polytechnic University of Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy; (F.S.); (F.G.); (S.I.); (C.F.); (I.B.); (D.L.)
| | - Corrado Fasciano
- Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, Polytechnic University of Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy; (F.S.); (F.G.); (S.I.); (C.F.); (I.B.); (D.L.)
- Exprivia S.p.A., Via A. Olivetti 11, I-70056 Molfetta, Italy
| | - Ivano Bilenchi
- Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, Polytechnic University of Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy; (F.S.); (F.G.); (S.I.); (C.F.); (I.B.); (D.L.)
| | - Davide Loconte
- Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, Polytechnic University of Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy; (F.S.); (F.G.); (S.I.); (C.F.); (I.B.); (D.L.)
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240
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Mendoza E, Buttiglieri G, Blandin G, Comas J. Exploring the limitations of forward osmosis for direct hydroponic fertigation: Impact of ion transfer and fertilizer composition on effective dilution. J Environ Manage 2022; 305:114339. [PMID: 34954684 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.114339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
There is a need for water reuse technologies and applications to minimize the imminent water crisis, caused by the world population growth, the reduction of freshwater resources and the increasing water pollution. Fertilizer-drawn forward osmosis (FDFO) is a promising process capable of simultaneously extracting fresh water from low-quality sources as feed water (e.g., wastewater or greywater), while diluting fertilizer solutions for direct fertigation, avoiding the demand for freshwater for irrigation. Achieving an adequate level of dilution for direct fertigation is a key element to be evaluated for the implementation of FDFO. This study assessed the performance of the forward osmosis process to dilute fertilizer solutions to be applied directly in hydroponic systems. Experiments were carried out under conditions close to osmotic equilibrium to evaluate the process performance up to the maximum dilution point. Tests were carried out with individual and blended fertilizers (i.e., (NH4)2HPO4 or DAP, and KNO3) used as draw solution (DS) and with deionized water or individual salts (NaCl, MgCl2, Na2SO4, MgSO4) in the feed solution (FS). Water fluxes and reverse salt fluxes indicated that both fertilizer DS composition and concentrations play a fundamental role in the process. Suitable nutrient concentrations to be directly applied without further dilution for N, P and K (119, 40, 264 mg.L-1 respectively) were obtained with deionized water as FS and blended DAP (0.025 M) and KNO3 (0.15 M) as DS. However, important fertilizer losses from DS to FS were observed, being the highest for NO3- (33-70% losses from DS to FS). The presence of salts in FS decreased the water fluxes and the DS dilution due to the osmotic equilibrium caused by a greater loss of nutrients from DS to FS (up to 100%), compared with tests using just deionized water as FS. This study points out the potential limitations of the FDFO process, due to the high solute fluxes and low water fluxes in conditions close to osmotic equilibrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Mendoza
- University of Girona, Spain; ICRA-CERCA. Catalan Institute for Water Research, Emili Grahit 101, 17003, Girona, Spain.
| | - Gianluigi Buttiglieri
- University of Girona, Spain; ICRA-CERCA. Catalan Institute for Water Research, Emili Grahit 101, 17003, Girona, Spain.
| | - Gaetan Blandin
- LEQUIA, Institute of the Environment, University of Girona, E-17071, Girona, Spain.
| | - Joaquim Comas
- ICRA-CERCA. Catalan Institute for Water Research, Emili Grahit 101, 17003, Girona, Spain; LEQUIA, Institute of the Environment, University of Girona, E-17071, Girona, Spain.
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241
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Huang N, Xu ZB, Wang WL, Wang Q, Wu QY, Hu HY. Elimination of amino trimethylene phosphonic acid (ATMP) antiscalant in reverse osmosis concentrate using ozone: Anti-precipitation property changes and phosphorus removal. Chemosphere 2022; 291:133027. [PMID: 34822865 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Amino trimethylene phosphonic acid (ATMP) was widely used as an antiscalant in reverse osmosis (RO) systems to prevent membrane scaling, and entered RO concentrate at elevated levels. However, phosphonate antiscalants in RO concentrate might aggravate phosphorus pollution, remobilize heavy metals, and adversely affect the sedimentation treatment of RO concentrate. Ozonation was found an efficient method for ATMP treatment. The ATMP removal efficiencies with 8 mg/L ozone were 100% and 86.5% for ultrapure water and RO concentrate, respectively. The ATMP mineralization efficiency reached 46.5% with 8 mg/L ozone. The rate constant for the reaction between ATMP and ozone was 1.92 × 106 M-1 s-1. Increasing the pH from 3 to 9 decreased the ATMP removal efficiency from 90% to 30.9% but increased the orthophosphate formation to ATMP removal ratio from 0.11 to 0.48. The ATMP intermediates generated with low ozone dosages exhibited moderate chelation and anti-precipitation capacity, and their chelation and anti-precipitation capacity could be further attenuated by increasing the ozone dosage. Ozonation alone enhanced the growth potential for microalgae in RO concentrate because orthophosphate formed. Combining ozonation and coagulation effectively removed 83.0% of the total phosphorus from RO concentrate. The maximum algal density of Scenedesmus sp. LX1 decreased by 78.7% by ozonation and coagulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Huang
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China; Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Zi-Bin Xu
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China; Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Wen-Long Wang
- Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control of Shenzhen, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Institute of Environment and Ecology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China.
| | - Qi Wang
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China; Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Qian-Yuan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control of Shenzhen, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Institute of Environment and Ecology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Hong-Ying Hu
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China; Research Institute for Environmental Innovation (Suzhou), Tsinghua, Jiangsu, Suzhou, 215163, China
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242
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Zhang X, Gu J, Liu Y. Necessity of direct energy and ammonium recovery for carbon neutral municipal wastewater reclamation in an innovative anaerobic MBR-biochar adsorption-reverse osmosis process. Water Res 2022; 211:118058. [PMID: 35042076 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
With the speedy evolution of global climate change and water shortage, there is a growing need for the energy and carbon neutral wastewater reclamation technology. To tackle this challenge, an innovative anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR)-biochar adsorption-RO process was developed for reclaiming municipal wastewater to high-grade product water with the aims for achieving the energy and carbon neutrality. It was found that about 95.6% of influent COD was removed by AnMBR with direct generation of biomethane, while ammonium-N in AnMBR permeate was fully recovered through biochar adsorption. The effluent from biochar adsorber with significantly lowered divalent ions concentrations was further reclaimed by RO at reduced cost and energy consumption. The energy demand and the total carbon emissions in the proposed process were estimated to be 0.50 kWh/m3 and 633 g CO2e/ m3 against 0.86 kWh/m3 and 1101 g CO2e/ m3 in the current conventional activated sludge (CAS)-microfiltration-RO process. It was further shown that the ammonium recovery via biochar adsorption could offset about 0.503 kWh/m3 that was originally utilized for chemically producing recovered ammonia by the Haber-Bosch method, equivalent to a carbon offsetting of 498 g CO2e/m3, leading to a net carbon emission of 135 CO2e/m3 in the proposed process, which was only about 12% of that in the current CAS-MF-RO process. These suggested that a carbon-neutral municipal wastewater reclamation might be achievable through concurrent carbon reduction and offsetting, while carbon offsetting via ammonia recovery appeared to be a game-changer towards the carbon-neutral operation. Consequently, it is expected that this study can shed lights on how energy- and carbon-neutrality would be achieved by innovating municipal wastewater reclamation technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyuan Zhang
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop Singapore, 637141, Singapore.
| | - Jun Gu
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop Singapore, 637141, Singapore
| | - Yu Liu
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop Singapore, 637141, Singapore; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue Singapore, 639798, Singapore.
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243
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Kavitha E, Poonguzhali E, Nanditha D, Kapoor A, Arthanareeswaran G, Prabhakar S. Current status and future prospects of membrane separation processes for value recovery from wastewater. Chemosphere 2022; 291:132690. [PMID: 34715105 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Resource constraints and deteriorating environment have made it necessary to look for intensification of the industrial processes, to recover value from spent streams for reuse. The development of reverse osmosis has already established that water can be recovered from aqueous streams in a cost-effective and beneficial manner to the industries. With the development of several membrane processes and membrane materials, the possibility of recovering value from the effluents looks like a workable proposition. In this context, the potentialities of the different membrane processes in value recovery are presented. Among the pressure-driven processes, reverse osmosis can be used for the recovery of water as value. Nanofiltration has been used for the recovery of several dyes including crystal violet, congo red, methyl blue, etc., while ultrafiltration has been used in the fractionation of different solute species using membranes of different pore-size characteristics. Diffusion dialysis is found useful in the separation of acids from its salt solutions. Bipolar membrane electrodialysis has the potential to regenerate acid and base from salt solutions. Thermally driven membrane distillation can provide desalinated water, besides reducing the temperature of hot discharge streams. Passive membrane processes such as supported liquid membranes and membrane-assisted solvent extraction have been found useful in separating minor components from the wastewater streams. The details are discussed to drive home that membrane processes can be useful to achieve the objectives of value recovery, in a cost-effective manner through process intensification, as they are more compact and individual streams can be treated and value used seamlessly.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Kavitha
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Potheri, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - E Poonguzhali
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Potheri, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - D Nanditha
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Potheri, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ashish Kapoor
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Potheri, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - G Arthanareeswaran
- Membrane Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, 620 015, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Prabhakar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Potheri, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India
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244
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Guo Q, Han J, Li C, Hou X, Zhao C, Wang Q, Wu J, Mur LAJ. Defining key metabolic roles in osmotic adjustment and ROS homeostasis in the recretohalophyte Karelinia caspia under salt stress. Physiol Plant 2022; 174:e13663. [PMID: 35249230 PMCID: PMC9311275 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The recretohalophyte Karelinia caspia is of forage and medical value and can remediate saline soils. We here assess the contribution of primary/secondary metabolism to osmotic adjustment and ROS homeostasis in Karelinia caspia under salt stress using multi-omic approaches. Computerized phenomic assessments, tests for cellular osmotic changes and lipid peroxidation indicated that salt treatment had no detectable physical effect on K. caspia. Metabolomic analysis indicated that amino acids, saccharides, organic acids, polyamine, phenolic acids, and vitamins accumulated significantly with salt treatment. Transcriptomic assessment identified differentially expressed genes closely linked to the changes in above primary/secondary metabolites under salt stress. In particular, shifts in carbohydrate metabolism (TCA cycle, starch and sucrose metabolism, glycolysis) as well as arginine and proline metabolism were observed to maintain a low osmotic potential. Chlorogenic acid/vitamin E biosynthesis was also enhanced, which would aid in ROS scavenging in the response of K. caspia to salt. Overall, our findings define key changes in primary/secondary metabolism that are coordinated to modulate the osmotic balance and ROS homeostasis to contribute to the salt tolerance of K. caspia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Guo
- Institute of Grassland, Flowers, and EcologyBeijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Jiwan Han
- College of SoftwareShanxi Agricultural UniversityTaiguChina
| | - Cui Li
- Institute of Grassland, Flowers, and EcologyBeijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xincun Hou
- Institute of Grassland, Flowers, and EcologyBeijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Chunqiao Zhao
- Institute of Grassland, Flowers, and EcologyBeijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Qinghai Wang
- Institute of Grassland, Flowers, and EcologyBeijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Juying Wu
- Institute of Grassland, Flowers, and EcologyBeijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Luis A. J. Mur
- College of SoftwareShanxi Agricultural UniversityTaiguChina
- Institute of Biological, Environmental, and Rural SciencesAberystwyth UniversityAberystwythUK
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245
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Yang Y, Song C, Wang P, Fan X, Xu Y, Dong G, Liu Z, Pan Z, Song Y, Song C. Insights into the impact of polydopamine modification on permeability and anti-fouling performance of forward osmosis membrane. Chemosphere 2022; 291:132744. [PMID: 34743795 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Forward osmosis (FO) has drawn wide attention as a promising method to address world-wide water crisis due to the advantages of low-energy consumption and easy separation operation. Unfortunately, the trade-off between permeability and selectivity as well as membrane fouling hindered the application of forward osmosis. Surface modification is a feasible method to address these issues. However, there is a lack of systematic evaluation about the effect of modification position on FO performance due to the asymmetric structure of thin film composite (TFC) FO membrane. To provide new insights into the design of FO membrane with satisfied permeability and fouling resistance, novel TFC FO membranes were fabricated by introducing polydopamine (PDA) on the support layer (TFC-I) or active layer (TFC-S), respectively. The surface morphology, chemical composition and wettability of the fabricated membrane were studied. It was found that the surface wettability of the modified membrane was improved greatly compared to pristine TFC membrane (TFC-C). Moreover, TFC-S membrane displayed a rougher surface than that of TFC-I membrane. As a result, a superior TFC-S membrane with a water flux of 60.95 ± 3.15 L m-2h-1 in AL-DS mode was obtained, which was 72.61% and 17.87% higher than that of TFC-C and TFC-I membrane, respectively. In addition, the TFC-S membrane also presented an excellent fouling resistance and membrane regeneration performance during the three organic fouling cycle experiments. The results indicated that the introduction of PDA as a surface coating for TFC membranes modification guaranteed the high-performance and fouling resistance. Especially, the PDA coating on the support layer surface resulted in an enhancement in permeability, while both the permeability and anti-fouling performance were significantly improved with the PDA coating on the polyamide active layer surface. This study provides new insights into the development of modification TFC-FO membranes for practical applications in water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, 1 Linghai Road, Dalian, 116026, China
| | - Chunyang Song
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, 1 Linghai Road, Dalian, 116026, China
| | - Pengcheng Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Xinfei Fan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, 1 Linghai Road, Dalian, 116026, China.
| | - Yuanlu Xu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, 1 Linghai Road, Dalian, 116026, China
| | - Guanming Dong
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, 1 Linghai Road, Dalian, 116026, China
| | - Zhijian Liu
- Department of Marine Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, 116026, China
| | - Zonglin Pan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, 1 Linghai Road, Dalian, 116026, China
| | - Yongxin Song
- Department of Marine Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, 116026, China
| | - Chengwen Song
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, 1 Linghai Road, Dalian, 116026, China.
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246
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Zhang X, Jiang J, Yuan F, Song W, Li J, Xing D, Zhao L, Dong W, Pan X, Gao X. Estimation of water footprint in seawater desalination with reverse osmosis process. Environ Res 2022; 204:112374. [PMID: 34800537 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Seawater desalination is one of the most applied approaches for freshwater replenishment. However, the process not only generates freshwater but also consumes it. It is important to evaluate the balance of the production and consumption of freshwater in desalination, which is also called as water footprint. It will reveal the feasibility of seawater desalination in terms of water production, but related study has not been reported. In this study, the water footprint of reverse osmosis desalination process has been investigated based on a real reverse osmosis desalination plant data. According to the calculation, the freshwater utilization of the reverse osmosis desalination plant was about 8.16 × 10-3 m3 with 1 m3 freshwater production. The study reveals that RO desalination is freshwater gain process as the utilized freshwater amount was less than the one produced. The sensitivity study showed that the energy source used in the process was the most significant parameter affecting on the water footprint. The freshwater required in the reverse osmosis desalination with energy supplied by thermal and solar was 8.01 × 10-3 m3 and 9.90 × 10-3 m3 in 1 m3 freshwater generation, respectively. It suggests that energy source selection is important in RO desalination system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Zhang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Water Resource Application and Environmental Pollution Control, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jingjing Jiang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Water Resource Application and Environmental Pollution Control, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Fang Yuan
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Water Resource Application and Environmental Pollution Control, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Wei Song
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Ji Li
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Water Resource Application and Environmental Pollution Control, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Dingyu Xing
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Water Resource Application and Environmental Pollution Control, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Lei Zhao
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Water Resource Application and Environmental Pollution Control, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Wenyi Dong
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Water Resource Application and Environmental Pollution Control, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xianhui Pan
- The Institute of Seawater Desalination and Multipurpose Utilization, MNR (Tianjin), National Quality Supervision and Inspection Center for Seawater& Brackish Water Utilization Products, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Xinlei Gao
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Water Resource Application and Environmental Pollution Control, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518055, China; Guangdong Water Co., Ltd, Shenzhen, 518021, China
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247
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Jain H, Kumar A, Rajput VD, Minkina T, Verma AK, Wadhwa S, Dhupper R, Chandra Garg M, Joshi H. Fabrication and characterization of high-performance forward- osmosis membrane by introducing manganese oxide incited graphene quantum dots. J Environ Manage 2022; 305:114335. [PMID: 34952392 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.114335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Forward osmosis (FO) is the futuristic membrane desalination technology as it transcends the disadvantages of other pressure-driven techniques. But, there still remain critical challenges like fabrication of highly permeable membrane with ideal structures maintaining high rejection rates that need to be addressed for implementation as a practical technology. In this work, novel thin-film composite (TFC) membranes were fabricated by means of incorporating manganese oxide (MnO2) incited graphene quantum dots (GQDs) nanocomposite into a cellulose acetate (CA) suspension followed by phase inversion (PI) for enhanced FO performance. The surface morphology and chemical structure of fabricated membranes were studied using various characterization techniques like XRD, FT-IR, SEM-EDS, Mapping, AFM, and TGA. The structural parameters, water flux, reverse salt flux and salt rejection was estimated on the basis of data obtained from four varying initial draw solution concentrations. At high nanocomposites stacking, the hydrophilicity of the casting blend increase, and subsequently, the PI exchange rate additionally increases, which brings about noticeable difference in the surface morphology. The membrane with 0.5 wt% nanocomposite exhibited superior FO separation performance with osmotic water flux of 18.89, 34.49, 41.76 and 42.34 in L.m-2.h-1 with variable concentrations of NaCl salt solution (0.25M, 0.5M, 1M, and 2M), respectively. Also, the porosity of the membrane was increased to 47.23% with 96.87% salt rejection. The results indicate that the hydrophilicity of the nanocomposite drives them to the interface among CA and water during PI process leading to solid hydrogen bonding to achieve high water permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshita Jain
- Amity Institute of Environmental Sciences, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida Sector-125, Uttar Pradesh, 201313, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Department of Hydrology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
| | - Vishnu D Rajput
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, 344090, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Tatiana Minkina
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, 344090, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Anoop Kumar Verma
- School of Energy and Environment, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, Punjab, 147005, India
| | - Shikha Wadhwa
- Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies, Bidholi Campus, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248007, India
| | - Renu Dhupper
- Amity Institute of Environmental Sciences, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida Sector-125, Uttar Pradesh, 201313, India
| | - Manoj Chandra Garg
- Amity Institute of Environmental Sciences, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida Sector-125, Uttar Pradesh, 201313, India.
| | - Himanshu Joshi
- Department of Hydrology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
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248
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Teng J, Zhang H, Lin H, Meng F. A unified thermodynamic fouling mechanism based on forward osmosis membrane unique properties: An asymmetric structure and reverse solute diffusion. Sci Total Environ 2022; 808:152219. [PMID: 34890662 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Fouling mechanism of the forward osmosis membrane, which was peculiarly featured by the asymmetric membrane structure and reverse solute diffusion, was investigated at the molecular level and from the energy perspective. Two noteworthy fouling behaviors were observed in batch fouling tests conducted in AL-FS mode (active layer facing feed solution) and AL-DS mode (active layer facing draw solution) after filtering foulants with identical volume: 1) after filtering 100 mL of foulants, the flux decline rate in AL-DS mode was 1.78 times faster than that in AL-FS mode, but the flux decline behaviors of the two modes were similar in the subsequent filtration stages; 2) although the foulant layer weight of the same mode increased linearly in middle and late stages, the flux loss rate was distinctly different. Thermodynamic analysis indicated that the attractive interaction energy between the foulants and the support layer was about 5 times higher than that between the foulants and the active layer, well interpreting the higher flux decline rate of AL-DS mode in initial stage. Meanwhile, a non-invasive microscope observed that the structure of the fouling layer remarkably changed from loose to dense in the middle stage, and stabilized in the late stage. Furthermore, quantum chemistry calculation proved that the reverse diffusion of NaCl brought alginate molecular chains closer, whereas the distance between them tended to be constant as the continuous increase of NaCl. Based on these findings, the thermodynamic fouling mechanism proposed by combining the structure change process of the fouling layer with Flory-Huggins lattice theory satisfactorily interpreted the noteworthy fouling behaviors caused by reverse NaCl diffusion in middle and late stages. The revealed fouling mechanism unifies the adhesion and filtration behaviors related to the unique properties of FO membrane, deepening understanding of membrane fouling in the dynamic and complex ternary system of the FO process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaheng Teng
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education, MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Hanmin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education, MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Hongjun Lin
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Fangang Meng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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Yogarathinam LT, Usman J, Othman MHD, Ismail AF, Goh PS, Gangasalam A, Adam MR. Low-cost silica based ceramic supported thin film composite hollow fiber membrane from guinea corn husk ash for efficient removal of microplastic from aqueous solution. J Hazard Mater 2022; 424:127298. [PMID: 34571470 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In this study, an economic silica based ceramic hollow fiber (HF) microporous membrane was fabricated from guinea cornhusk ash (GCHA). A silica interlayer was coated to form a defect free silica membrane which serves as a support for the formation of thin film composite (TFC) ceramic hollow fiber (HF) membrane for the removal of microplastics (MPs) from aqueous solutions. Polyacrylonitrile (PAN), polyvinyl-chloride (PVC), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) are the selected MPs The effects of amine monomer concentration (0.5 wt% and 1 wt%) on the formation of poly (piperazine-amide) layer via interfacial polymerization over the GCHA ceramic support were also investigated. The morphology analysis of TFC GCHA HF membranes revealed the formation of a poly (piperazine-amide) layer with narrow pore arrangement. The pore size of TFC GCHA membrane declined with the formation of poly (piperazine-amide) layer, as evidenced from porosimetry analysis. The increase of amine concentration reduced the porosity and water flux of TFC GCHA HF membranes. During MPs filtration, 1 wt% (piperazine) based TFC GCHA membrane showed a lower transmission percentage of PVP (2.7%) and other suspended MPs also displayed lower transmission. The impact of humic acid and sodium alginate on MPs filtration and seawater pretreatment were also analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukka Thuyavan Yogarathinam
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Jamilu Usman
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Sokoto State University, P.M.B. 2134, Sokoto, Sokoto State, Nigeria
| | - Mohd Hafiz Dzarfan Othman
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Fauzi Ismail
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.
| | - Pei Sean Goh
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Arthanareeswaran Gangasalam
- Membrane Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Tiruchirappalli, 620015, India
| | - Mohd Ridhwan Adam
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
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Bhandari M, Prajapati SK. Use of reverse osmosis reject from drinking water plant for microalgal biomass production. Water Res 2022; 210:117989. [PMID: 34954367 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The present study evaluates the use of reverse osmosis (RO) reject, termed as ROR, for microalgal biomass production. The supplementation of ROR from two different sources, namely domestic RO unit (ROR1) and commercial-scale RO plant (ROR2), showed a synergistic effect on the growth and biochemical composition of Chlorella pyrenoidosa. Among the tested ROR1 doses, the highest biomass production (1.27±0.06 g L-1) was observed with 25% ROR1 supplemented growth media. In contrast, the lipid content (28.85±3.13% of TS) in C. pyrenoidosa at 50% ROR1 dose was almost twice that in BG11 (positive control). Interestingly, the microalgae showed relatively higher biomass production (1.37±0.07 g L-1) and higher lipid content (33.23±3.92% of TS) when 50% ROR2 was used in growth media. At the same time, the estimated carbohydrate and protein contents were 28.41±0.73 and 29.75±0.31% of TS, respectively. Furthermore, the lipid productivity (28.98±2.79 mg L-1 d-1) was relatively higher than the nutrient media (12.35±1.34 mg L-1 d-1). The present findings revealed that the RO reject from drinking water purifiers can efficiently be utilized for lipid-rich microalgal biomass production. Hence, the dependency on freshwater resources for mass scale microalgae cultivation through recycling of RO reject can be reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamta Bhandari
- Environment and Biofuel Research Lab (EBRL), Department of Hydro and Renewable Energy, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar Prajapati
- Environment and Biofuel Research Lab (EBRL), Department of Hydro and Renewable Energy, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
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