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Li M, Li J, Nie P, Li G, Liu W, Gong Q, Dong X, Gao X, Chen W, Zhang A. A high-quality assembled genome of a representative peach landrace, 'Feichenghongli', and analysis of distinct late florescence and narrow leaf traits. BMC Plant Biol 2023; 23:230. [PMID: 37120546 PMCID: PMC10148998 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04242-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peach (Prunus persica L. Batsch) is one of the most popular fruits worldwide. Although the reference genome of 'Lovell' peach has been released, the diversity of genome-level variations cannot be explored with one genome. To detect these variations, it is necessary to assemble more genomes. RESULTS We sequenced and de novo assembled the genome of 'Feichenghongli' (FCHL), a representative landrace with strict self-pollination, which maintained the homozygosity of the genome as much as possible. The chromosome-level genome of FCHL was 239.06 Mb in size with a contig N50 of 26.93 Mb and only 4 gaps at the scaffold level. The alignment of the FCHL genome with the reference 'Lovell' genome enabled the identification of 432535 SNPs, 101244 insertions and deletions, and 7299 structural variants. Gene family analysis showed that the expanded genes in FCHL were enriched in sesquiterpenoids and triterpenoid biosynthesis. RNA-seq analyses were carried out to investigate the two distinct traits of late florescence and narrow leaves. Two key genes, PpDAM4 and PpAGL31, were identified candidates for the control of flower bud dormancy, and an F-box gene, PpFBX92, was identified as a good candidate gene in the regulation of leaf size. CONCLUSIONS The assembled high-quality genome could deepen our understanding of variations among diverse genomes and provide valuable information for identifying functional genes and improving the molecular breeding process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Li
- Shandong Institute of Pomology, Taian City, 271000 Shandong Province China
| | - Jian Li
- Shandong Institute of Pomology, Taian City, 271000 Shandong Province China
| | - Peixian Nie
- Shandong Institute of Pomology, Taian City, 271000 Shandong Province China
| | - Guixiang Li
- Shandong Institute of Pomology, Taian City, 271000 Shandong Province China
| | - Wei Liu
- Shandong Institute of Pomology, Taian City, 271000 Shandong Province China
| | - Qingtao Gong
- Shandong Institute of Pomology, Taian City, 271000 Shandong Province China
| | - Xiaomin Dong
- Shandong Institute of Pomology, Taian City, 271000 Shandong Province China
| | - Xiaolan Gao
- Shandong Institute of Pomology, Taian City, 271000 Shandong Province China
| | - Wenyu Chen
- Feicheng peach Industry Development Center, Feicheng City, 271600 Shandong Province China
| | - Anning Zhang
- Shandong Institute of Pomology, Taian City, 271000 Shandong Province China
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202
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Ali A, Ullah Z, Sher H, Abbas Z, Rasheed A. Water stress effects on stay green and chlorophyll fluorescence with focus on yield characteristics of diverse bread wheats. Planta 2023; 257:104. [PMID: 37115268 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04140-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION The study provided an insight toward better understanding of stay-green mechanisms for drought tolerance improvement and identified that synthetic-derived wheats proved as a promising germplasm for improved tolerance against water stress. Stay-green (SG) trait is considered to be related with the ability of wheat plants to maintain photosynthesis and CO2 assimilation. The present study explored the interaction of water stress with SG expression through physio-biochemical, agronomic and phenotypic responses among diverse wheat germplasm comprising of 200 synthetic hexaploids, 12 synthetic derivatives, 97 landraces and 16 conventional bread wheat varieties, for 2 years. The study established that variation of SG trait existed in the studied wheat germplasm and there was positive association between SG trait and tolerance to water stress. The relationship of SG trait with chlorophyll content (r = 0.97), ETR (r = 0.28), GNS (r = 0.44), BMP (r = 0.34) and GYP (r = 0.44) was particularly promising under water stress environment. Regarding chlorophyll fluorescence, the positive correlation of фPSII (r = 0.21), qP (r = 0.27) and ETR (r = 0.44) with grain yield per plant was noted. The improved ΦPSII and Fv/Fm of PSII photochemistry resulted in the high photosynthesis activity in SG wheat genotypes. Regarding relative water content and photochemical quenching coefficient, synthetic-derived wheats were better by maintaining 20.9, 9.8 and 16.1% more RWC and exhibiting 30.2, 13.5 and 17.9% more qP when compared with landraces, varieties and synthetic hexaploids, respectively, under water stress environment. Synthetic derived wheats also exhibited relatively more SG character with good yield and were more tolerant to water stress in terms of grain yield, grain weight per plant, better photosynthetic performance through chlorophyll fluorescence measurement, high leaf chlorophyll and proline content, and hence, may be used as novel sources for breeding drought tolerant materials. The study will further facilitate research on wheat leaf senescence and will add to better understanding of SG mechanisms for drought tolerance improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Ali
- Center for Plant Sciences and Biodiversity, University of Swat, Charbagh, Swat, Pakistan.
| | - Zahid Ullah
- Center for Plant Sciences and Biodiversity, University of Swat, Charbagh, Swat, Pakistan
| | - Hassan Sher
- Center for Plant Sciences and Biodiversity, University of Swat, Charbagh, Swat, Pakistan
| | - Zaigham Abbas
- Department of Biological Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Awais Rasheed
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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203
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Tirfessa A, McLean G, Baker P, Mortlock M, Hammer G, van Oosterom E. Differences in temperature responses among phenological processes in diverse Ethiopian sorghum germplasm can affect their specific adaptation to environmental conditions. Ann Bot 2023; 131:601-611. [PMID: 36661105 PMCID: PMC10147321 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcad011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Main shoot total leaf number (TLN) is a key determinant of plant leaf area and crop adaptation. Environmental factors other than photoperiod can affect TLN in sorghum, implying that leaf appearance rate (LAR) and development rate can differ in response to temperature. The objectives of this study were to determine (1) if temperature effects on TLN can be explained as a consequence of differences in temperature responses across phenological processes and (2) if genotypic differences in these responses can be linked to agroecological adaptation. METHODS Nineteen sorghum genotypes were sown on 12 dates at two locations in Ethiopia with contrasting altitude, creating temperature differences independent of photoperiod. TLN and temperature were recorded in all experiments and LAR for six sowing dates. KEY RESULTS Eleven of the genotypes showed a temperature effect on TLN, which was associated with a significantly higher base temperature (Tbase) for LAR than for pre-anthesis development rate (DR). In contrast, genotypes with no effect of temperature on TLN had similar Tbase for LAR and DR. Across genotypes, Tbase for LAR and DR were highly correlated, but genotypes with low Tbase had the greatest difference in Tbase between the two processes. Genotypic differences were associated with racial grouping. CONCLUSIONS Genotypic and racial differences in responses of phenological processes to temperature, in particular in Tbase, can affect specific adaptation to agroecological zones, as these differences can affect TLN in response to temperature and hence canopy size and the duration of the pre-anthesis period. These can both affect the amount of water used and radiation intercepted pre-anthesis. A multi-disciplinary approach is required to identify genotype × environment × management combinations that can best capture the ensuing specific adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alemu Tirfessa
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
- Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research (EIAR), Melkassa Agricultural Research Center, PO Box 436, Adama, Ethiopia
| | - Greg McLean
- Agri-Science Queensland, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Toowoomba, QLD 4350, Australia
| | - Peter Baker
- The University of Queensland, School of Public Health, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Miranda Mortlock
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
- Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane City, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Graeme Hammer
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
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204
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Wang M, Li G, Feng Z, Liu Y, Yuan X, Uscola M. A wider spectrum of avoidance and tolerance mechanisms explained ozone sensitivity of two white poplar ploidy levels. Ann Bot 2023; 131:655-666. [PMID: 36694346 PMCID: PMC10147324 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcad019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Polyploidization can improve plant mass yield for bioenergy support, yet few studies have investigated ozone (O3) sensitivity linked to internal regulatory mechanisms at different ploidy levels. METHODS Diploid and triploid Populus tomentosa plants were exposed to ambient and ambient plus 60 ppb [O3]. We explored their differences in sensitivity (leaf morphological, physiological and biochemical traits, and plant mass) as well as mechanisms of avoidance (stomatal conductance, xanthophyll cycle, thermal dissipation) and tolerance (ROS scavenging system) in response to O3 at two developmental phases. KEY RESULTS Triploid plants had the highest plant growth under ambient O3, even under O3 fumigation. However, triploid plants were the most sensitive to O3 and under elevated O3 showed the largest decreases in photosynthetic capacity and performance, as well as increased shoot:root ratio, and the highest lipid peroxidation. Thus, plant mass production could be impacted in triploid plants under long-term O3 contamination. Both diploid and triploid plants reduced stomatal aperture in response to O3, thereby reducing O3 entrance, yet only in diploid plants was reduced stomatal aperture associated with minimal (non-significant) damage to photosynthetic pigments and lower lipid peroxidation. CONCLUSIONS Tolerance mechanisms of plants of both ploidy levels mainly focused on the enzymatic reduction of hydrogen peroxide through catalase and peroxidase, yet these homeostatic regulatory mechanisms were higher in diploid plants. Our study recommends triploid white poplar as a bioenergy species only under short-term O3 contamination. Under continuously elevated O3 over the long term, diploid white poplar may perform better.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Wang
- Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Guolei Li
- Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Research Center of Deciduous Oaks, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- National Innovation Alliance of Valuable Deciduous Tree Industry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhaozhong Feng
- Key Laboratory of Agrometeorology of Jiangsu Province, Institute of Ecology, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Research Center of Deciduous Oaks, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- National Innovation Alliance of Valuable Deciduous Tree Industry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiangyang Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Mercedes Uscola
- Universidad de Alcalá, Forest Ecology and Restoration Group, Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, U.D. Ecología, Apdo. 20, E-28805, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
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205
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Harris ZN, Pratt JE, Kovacs LG, Klein LL, Kwasniewski MT, Londo JP, Wu AS, Miller AJ. Grapevine scion gene expression is driven by rootstock and environment interaction. BMC Plant Biol 2023; 23:211. [PMID: 37085756 PMCID: PMC10122299 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04223-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Grafting is a horticultural practice used widely across woody perennial crop species to fuse together the root and shoot system of two distinct genotypes, the rootstock and the scion, combining beneficial traits from both. In grapevine, grafting is used in nearly 80% of all commercial vines to optimize fruit quality, regulate vine vigor, and enhance biotic and abiotic stress-tolerance. Rootstocks have been shown to modulate elemental composition, metabolomic profiles, and the shape of leaves in the scion, among other traits. However, it is currently unclear how rootstock genotypes influence shoot system gene expression as previous work has reported complex and often contradictory findings. RESULTS In the present study, we examine the influence of grafting on scion gene expression in leaves and reproductive tissues of grapevines growing under field conditions for three years. We show that the influence from the rootstock genotype is highly tissue and time dependent, manifesting only in leaves, primarily during a single year of our three-year study. Further, the degree of rootstock influence on scion gene expression is driven by interactions with the local environment. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that the role of rootstock genotype in modulating scion gene expression is not a consistent, unchanging effect, but rather an effect that varies over time in relation to local environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary N Harris
- Department of Biology, Saint Louis University, 3507 Laclede Avenue, St. Louis, MO, 63103-2010, USA.
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, 975 N. Warson Road, St. Louis, MO, 63132-2918, USA.
| | - Julia E Pratt
- Department of Biology, Saint Louis University, 3507 Laclede Avenue, St. Louis, MO, 63103-2010, USA
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, 975 N. Warson Road, St. Louis, MO, 63132-2918, USA
| | - Laszlo G Kovacs
- Department of Biology, Missouri State University, 901 S. National Avenue, Springfield, MO, 65897, USA
| | - Laura L Klein
- Department of Biology, Saint Louis University, 3507 Laclede Avenue, St. Louis, MO, 63103-2010, USA
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, 975 N. Warson Road, St. Louis, MO, 63132-2918, USA
| | - Misha T Kwasniewski
- Department of Food Science, Pennsylvania State University, 326 Rodney A. Erickson Food Science Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Jason P Londo
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Horticulture Section, Cornell AgriTech, 635 W. North Street, Geneva, NY, 14456, USA
| | - Angela S Wu
- Department of Computer Science, Saint Louis University, 220 N. Grand Blvd, St. Louis, MO, 63103-2010, USA
| | - Allison J Miller
- Department of Biology, Saint Louis University, 3507 Laclede Avenue, St. Louis, MO, 63103-2010, USA.
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, 975 N. Warson Road, St. Louis, MO, 63132-2918, USA.
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206
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Cheng J, Yao X, Li X, Yue L, Duan X, Li B, Fu X, Li S, Shan H, Yin X, Whitewoods C, Coen E, Kong H. Diversification of ranunculaceous petals in shape supports a generalized model for plant lateral organ morphogenesis and evolution. Sci Adv 2023; 9:eadf8049. [PMID: 37083529 PMCID: PMC10121167 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf8049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Peltate organs, such as the prey-capturing traps of carnivorous plants and nectary-bearing petals of ranunculaceous species, are widespread in nature and have intrigued and perplexed scientists for centuries. Shifts in the expression domains of adaxial/abaxial genes have been shown to control leaf peltation in some carnivorous plants, yet the mechanisms underlying the generation of other peltate organs remain unclear. Here, we show that formation of various peltate ranunculaceous petals was also caused by shifts in the expression domains of adaxial/abaxial genes, followed by differentiated regional growth sculpting the margins and/or other parts of the organs. By inducing parameters to specify the time, position, and degree of the shifts and growth, we further propose a generalized modeling system, through which various unifacial, bifacial, and peltate organs can be simulated. These results demonstrate the existence of a hierarchical morphospace system and pave the way to understand the mechanisms underlying plant organ diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Xu Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Xukun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Liang Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Xiaoshan Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Boka Li
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xuehao Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Shuixian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hongyan Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Xiaofeng Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
| | | | - Enrico Coen
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney Lane, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Hongzhi Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Corresponding author.
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207
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Chen Y, Niu S, Deng X, Song Q, He L, Bai D, He Y. Genome-wide association study of leaf-related traits in tea plant in Guizhou based on genotyping-by-sequencing. BMC Plant Biol 2023; 23:196. [PMID: 37046207 PMCID: PMC10091845 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04192-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studying the genetic characteristics of tea plant (Camellia spp.) leaf traits is essential for improving yield and quality through breeding and selection. Guizhou Plateau, an important part of the original center of tea plants, has rich genetic resources. However, few studies have explored the associations between tea plant leaf traits and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers in Guizhou. RESULTS In this study, we used the genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) method to identify 100,829 SNP markers from 338 accessions of tea germplasm in Guizhou Plateau, a region with rich genetic resources. We assessed population structure based on high-quality SNPs, constructed phylogenetic relationships, and performed genome-wide association studies (GWASs). Four inferred pure groups (G-I, G-II, G-III, and G-IV) and one inferred admixture group (G-V), were identified by a population structure analysis, and verified by principal component analyses and phylogenetic analyses. Through GWAS, we identified six candidate genes associated with four leaf traits, including mature leaf size, texture, color and shape. Specifically, two candidate genes, located on chromosomes 1 and 9, were significantly associated with mature leaf size, while two genes, located on chromosomes 8 and 11, were significantly associated with mature leaf texture. Additionally, two candidate genes, located on chromosomes 1 and 2 were identified as being associated with mature leaf color and mature leaf shape, respectively. We verified the expression level of two candidate genes was verified using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and designed a derived cleaved amplified polymorphism (dCAPS) marker that co-segregated with mature leaf size, which could be used for marker-assisted selection (MAS) breeding in Camellia sinensis. CONCLUSIONS In the present study, by using GWAS approaches with the 338 tea accessions population in Guizhou, we revealed a list of SNPs markers and candidate genes that were significantly associated with four leaf traits. This work provides theoretical and practical basis for the genetic breeding of related traits in tea plant leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Chen
- College of Tea Science / Tea Engineering Technology Research Center, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025 Guizhou Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Suzhen Niu
- College of Tea Science / Tea Engineering Technology Research Center, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025 Guizhou Province People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025 Guizhou Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinyue Deng
- School of Architecture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025 Guizhou Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Qinfei Song
- College of Tea Science / Tea Engineering Technology Research Center, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025 Guizhou Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Limin He
- College of Tea Science / Tea Engineering Technology Research Center, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025 Guizhou Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Dingchen Bai
- College of Tea Science / Tea Engineering Technology Research Center, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025 Guizhou Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingqin He
- College of Tea Science / Tea Engineering Technology Research Center, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025 Guizhou Province People’s Republic of China
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Wang X, Zeng X, Qin C, Yan X, Chen X, Zhang L, Zhou Y. Herbaspirillum sp. ZXN111 Colonization Characters to Different Tea Cultivars and the Effects on Tea Metabolites Profiling on Zijuan ( Camellia sinensis var. assamica). J Agric Food Chem 2023; 71:5283-5292. [PMID: 36946772 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Herbaspirillum sp. ZXN111 and its mutants (Δacc, Δtyrb, and Δacc-tyrb), which show PGP activity on Zijuan, were tested for tea plants' colonization characteristics and the strain-dependent response of tea metabolites. The results showed that strain ZXN111 could widely colonize in different tea cultivars of Zijuan, Yunkang-10, Longjin 43, and Shuchazao, but with significant colonization preference to Zijuan, which might be ascribed to anthocyanins' chemotaxis. After 9 weeks of co-cultivation, l-theanine and theobromine in Zijuan leaves that were inoculated with wild-type ZXN111 were decreased, while theobromine, caffeine, and l-theanine that were inoculated with mutant Δacc were increased; especially l-theanine increased much significantly. Metabolomics analysis showed that tea metabolite profiling of inoculant groups was clearly separated from the control; therein, the flavanols were downregulated in ZXN111 and Δacc groups, but the l-theanine of the Δacc group was significantly upregulated compared to control and ZXN111 groups. These results indicated that strain ZXN111, especially of mutant Δacc, improved Zijuan tea flavor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
- College of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xiuli Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Chunyin Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xiaomei Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xuanqin Chen
- School of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Jingming Road 727, Kunming 650000, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
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209
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Wang P, Wu Z, Chen G, Yu X. Understanding the response in Pugionium cornutum (L.) Gaertn. seedling leaves under drought stress using transcriptome and proteome integrated analysis. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15165. [PMID: 37033724 PMCID: PMC10078451 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background
Drought is one of the crucial constraints limiting horticultural plant’s production and development around the world. Pugionium cornutum is an annual or biennial xerophyte with strong environmental adaptability and drought resistance; however, the mechanisms with respect to response to drought stress remain largely unclear.
Methods
After seedling emergence, the gravimetric method was used to control soil relative water content (SRWC). Drought stress was applied to the six-leaf stage P. cornutum seedlings. The soil water content of different drought stress levels (L) was controlled by gravimetric method as follows: control (L1): 70–75% SRWC; moderate drought level (L2): 40–45% SRWC; severe drought level (L3): 30–35% SRWC, and the water was added to different drought stress levels at about 18:00 p.m. every day. The experiment ended when the leaves of P. cornutum showed severe wilting (10-leaf stage). Samples were harvested and stored at −80 °C for physiological determination, and transcriptomic and proteomic sequencing.
Results
Compared with L1, the leaves of P. cornutum seedlings were increasingly wilted after drought treatment; the SRWC of the drought-stress leaves decreased notably while the leaf water potential was rose; the proline, malondialdehyde (MDA) content increased with the continuous drought treatment but peroxidase (POD) activity decreased. Besides, 3,027 differential genes (DGs) and 196 differential proteins (DPs), along with 1,943 DGs and 489 DPs were identified in L2-L1 and L3-L1, respectively. The transcriptome and proteome integrated analysis manifested that only 30 and 70 were commonly regulated both in L2-L1 and L3-L1, respectively. Of which, 24 and 61 DGs or DPs showed the same trend including sHSPs, APX2, GSTU4, CML42, and POD, etc. However, most of DGs or DPs were regulated only at the transcriptome or proteome level mainly including genes encoding signal pathway (PYR1, PYLs, SnRK2J, PLC2, CDPK9/16/29, CML9, MAPKs), transcription factors (WRKYs, DREB2A, NAC055, NAC072, MYB and, HB7) and ion channel transporters (ALMT4, NHX1, NHX2 and TPK2). These genes or proteins were involved in multiple signaling pathways and some important metabolism processes, which offers valuable information on drought-responsive genes and proteins for further study in P. cornutum.
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Fan H, Quan S, Ye Q, Zhang L, Liu W, Zhu N, Zhang X, Ruan W, Yi K, Crawford NM, Wang Y. A molecular framework underlying low-nitrogen-induced early leaf senescence in Arabidopsis thaliana. Mol Plant 2023; 16:756-774. [PMID: 36906802 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2023.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) deficiency causes early leaf senescence, resulting in accelerated whole-plant maturation and severely reduced crop yield. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying N-deficiency-induced early leaf senescence remain unclear, even in the model species Arabidopsis thaliana. In this study, we identified Growth, Development and Splicing 1 (GDS1), a previously reported transcription factor, as a new regulator of nitrate (NO3-) signaling by a yeast-one-hybrid screen using a NO3- enhancer fragment from the promoter of NRT2.1. We showed that GDS1 promotes NO3- signaling, absorption and assimilation by affecting the expression of multiple NO3- regulatory genes, including Nitrate Regulatory Gene2 (NRG2). Interestingly, we observed that gds1 mutants show early leaf senescence as well as reduced NO3- content and N uptake under N-deficient conditions. Further analyses indicated that GDS1 binds to the promoters of several senescence-related genes, including Phytochrome-Interacting Transcription Factors 4 and 5 (PIF4 and PIF5) and represses their expression. Interestingly, we found that N deficiency decreases GDS1 protein accumulation, and GDS1 could interact with Anaphase Promoting Complex Subunit 10 (APC10). Genetic and biochemical experiments demonstrated that Anaphase Promoting Complex or Cyclosome (APC/C) promotes the ubiquitination and degradation of GDS1 under N deficiency, resulting in loss of PIF4 and PIF5 repression and consequent early leaf senescence. Furthermore, we discovered that overexpression of GDS1 could delay leaf senescence and improve seed yield and N-use efficiency (NUE) in Arabidopsis. In summary, our study uncovers a molecular framework illustrating a new mechanism underlying low-N-induced early leaf senescence and provides potential targets for genetic improvement of crop varieties with increased yield and NUE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Shuxuan Quan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Qing Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Ning Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Xiaoqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Wenyuan Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 10081, China
| | - Keke Yi
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 10081, China
| | - Nigel M Crawford
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biological Science, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0116, USA
| | - Yong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China.
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211
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Wang J, Xu J, Wang L, Zhou M, Nian J, Chen M, Lu X, Liu X, Wang Z, Cen J, Liu Y, Zhang Z, Zeng D, Hu J, Zhu L, Dong G, Ren D, Gao Z, Shen L, Zhang Q, Li Q, Guo L, Yu S, Qian Q, Zhang G. SEMI-ROLLED LEAF 10 stabilizes catalase isozyme B to regulate leaf morphology and thermotolerance in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Plant Biotechnol J 2023; 21:819-838. [PMID: 36597711 PMCID: PMC10037157 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Plant architecture and stress tolerance play important roles in rice breeding. Specific leaf morphologies and ideal plant architecture can effectively improve both abiotic stress resistance and rice grain yield. However, the mechanism by which plants simultaneously regulate leaf morphogenesis and stress resistance remains elusive. Here, we report that SRL10, which encodes a double-stranded RNA-binding protein, regulates leaf morphology and thermotolerance in rice through alteration of microRNA biogenesis. The srl10 mutant had a semi-rolled leaf phenotype and elevated sensitivity to high temperature. SRL10 directly interacted with catalase isozyme B (CATB), and the two proteins mutually increased one other's stability to enhance hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) scavenging, thereby contributing to thermotolerance. The natural Hap3 (AGC) type of SRL10 allele was found to be present in the majority of aus rice accessions, and was identified as a thermotolerant allele under high temperature stress in both the field and the growth chamber. Moreover, the seed-setting rate was 3.19 times higher and grain yield per plant was 1.68 times higher in near-isogenic line (NIL) carrying Hap3 allele compared to plants carrying Hap1 allele under heat stress. Collectively, these results reveal a new locus of interest and define a novel SRL10-CATB based regulatory mechanism for developing cultivars with high temperature tolerance and stable yield. Furthermore, our findings provide a theoretical basis for simultaneous breeding for plant architecture and stress resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice BiologyChina National Rice Research InstituteHangzhouChina
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene ResearchCollege of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Jing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice BiologyChina National Rice Research InstituteHangzhouChina
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding of Zhejiang ProvinceResearch Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of ForestryHangzhouChina
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice BiologyChina National Rice Research InstituteHangzhouChina
| | - Mengyu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Rice BiologyChina National Rice Research InstituteHangzhouChina
| | - Jinqiang Nian
- State Key Laboratory of Rice BiologyChina National Rice Research InstituteHangzhouChina
| | - Minmin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice BiologyChina National Rice Research InstituteHangzhouChina
| | - Xueli Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice BiologyChina National Rice Research InstituteHangzhouChina
| | - Xiong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice BiologyChina National Rice Research InstituteHangzhouChina
| | - Zian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice BiologyChina National Rice Research InstituteHangzhouChina
| | - Jiangsu Cen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice BiologyChina National Rice Research InstituteHangzhouChina
| | - Yiting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice BiologyChina National Rice Research InstituteHangzhouChina
| | - Zhihai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice BiologyChina National Rice Research InstituteHangzhouChina
| | - Dali Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Rice BiologyChina National Rice Research InstituteHangzhouChina
| | - Jiang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice BiologyChina National Rice Research InstituteHangzhouChina
| | - Li Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice BiologyChina National Rice Research InstituteHangzhouChina
| | - Guojun Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Rice BiologyChina National Rice Research InstituteHangzhouChina
| | - Deyong Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Rice BiologyChina National Rice Research InstituteHangzhouChina
| | - Zhenyu Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice BiologyChina National Rice Research InstituteHangzhouChina
| | - Lan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice BiologyChina National Rice Research InstituteHangzhouChina
| | - Qiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice BiologyChina National Rice Research InstituteHangzhouChina
| | - Qing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rice BiologyChina National Rice Research InstituteHangzhouChina
| | - Longbiao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Rice BiologyChina National Rice Research InstituteHangzhouChina
| | - Sibin Yu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene ResearchCollege of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Qian Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Rice BiologyChina National Rice Research InstituteHangzhouChina
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed LaboratorySanyaChina
- National Nanfan Research Institute (Sanya), Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesSanyaChina
| | - Guangheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice BiologyChina National Rice Research InstituteHangzhouChina
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed LaboratorySanyaChina
- National Nanfan Research Institute (Sanya), Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesSanyaChina
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212
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Srivastav M, Clement WL, Landrein S, Zhang J, Howarth DG, Donoghue MJ. A phylogenomic analysis of Lonicera and its bearing on the evolution of organ fusion. Am J Bot 2023; 110:e16143. [PMID: 36807121 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.16143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE The ~140 species of Lonicera are characterized by variously fused leaves, bracteoles, and ovaries, making it a model system for studying the evolution and development of organ fusion. However, previous phylogenetic analyses, based mainly on chloroplast DNA markers, have yielded uncertain and conflicting results. A well-supported phylogeny of Lonicera will allow us to trace the evolutionary history of organ fusion. METHODS We inferred the phylogeny of Lonicera using restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (RADSeq), sampling all major clades and 18 of the 23 subsections. This provided the basis for inferring the evolution of five fusion-related traits. RESULTS RADSeq data yielded a well-resolved and well-supported phylogeny. The two traditionally recognized subgenera (Periclymenum and Chamaecerasus), three of the four sections (Isoxylosteum, Coeloxylosteum, and Nintooa), and half of the subsections sampled were recovered as monophyletic. However, the large and heterogeneous section Isika was strongly supported as paraphyletic. Nintooa, a clade of ~22 mostly vine-forming species, including L. japonica, was recovered in a novel position, raising the possibility of cytonuclear discordance. We document the parallel evolution of fused leaves, bracteoles, and ovaries, with rare reversals. Most strikingly, complete cupules, in which four fused bracteoles completely enclose two unfused ovaries, arose at least three times. Surprisingly, these appear to have evolved directly from ancestors with free bracteoles instead of partial cupules. CONCLUSIONS We provide the most comprehensive and well-supported phylogeny of Lonicera to date. Our inference of multiple evolutionary shifts in organ fusion provides a solid foundation for in depth developmental and functional analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansa Srivastav
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, 06520, USA
| | - Wendy L Clement
- Department of Biology, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, New Jersey, 08628, USA
| | - Sven Landrein
- Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, 666303, Yunnan, China
| | - Jingbo Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, New York, 11439, USA
| | - Dianella G Howarth
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, New York, 11439, USA
| | - Michael J Donoghue
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, 06520, USA
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213
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Liu Y, Li T, Zhang C, Zhang W, Deng N, Dirk LMA, Downie AB, Zhao T. Raffinose positively regulates maize drought tolerance by reducing leaf transpiration. Plant J 2023; 114:55-67. [PMID: 36703577 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress is one of the major constraints of global crop production. Raffinose, a non-reducing trisaccharide, has been considered to regulate positively the plant drought stress tolerance; however, evidence that augmenting raffinose production in leaves results in enhanced plant drought stress tolerance is lacking. The biochemical mechanism through which raffinose might act to mitigate plant drought stress remains unidentified. ZmRAFS encodes Zea mays RAFFINOSE SYNTHASE, a key enzyme that transfers galactose from the galactoside galactinol to sucrose for raffinose production. Overexpression of ZmRAFS in maize increased the RAFS protein and the raffinose content and decreased the water loss of leaves and enhanced plant drought stress tolerance. The biomass of the ZmRAFS overexpressing plants was similar to that of non-transgenic control plants when grown under optimal conditions, but was significantly greater than that of non-transgenic plants when grown under drought stress conditions. In contrast, the percentage of water loss of the detached leaves from two independent zmrafs mutant lines, incapable of synthesizing raffinose, was greater than that from null segregant controls and this phenomenon was partially rescued by supplementation of raffinose to detached zmrafs leaves. In addition, while there were differences in water loss among different maize lines, there was no difference in stomata density or aperture. Taken together, our work demonstrated that overexpression of the ZmRAFS gene in maize, in contrast to Arabidopsis, increased the raffinose content in leaves, assisted the leaf to retain water, and enhanced the plant drought stress tolerance without causing a detectable growth penalty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Tao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450002, China
| | - Chunxia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Wenli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Nan Deng
- Instrumental Analysis Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
| | - Lynnette M A Dirk
- Department of Horticulture, Seed Biology, College of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40546, USA
| | - A Bruce Downie
- Department of Horticulture, Seed Biology, College of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40546, USA
| | - Tianyong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
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214
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Zhao B, Zhou Y, Jiao X, Wang X, Wang B, Yuan F. Bracelet salt glands of the recretohalophyte Limonium bicolor: Distribution, morphology, and induction. J Integr Plant Biol 2023; 65:950-966. [PMID: 36453195 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Halophytes complete their life cycles in saline environments. The recretohalophyte Limonium bicolor has evolved a specialized salt secretory structure, the salt gland, which excretes Na+ to avoid salt damage. Typical L. bicolor salt glands consist of 16 cells with four fluorescent foci and four secretory pores. Here, we describe a special type of salt gland at the base of the L. bicolor leaf petiole named bracelet salt glands due to their beaded-bracelet-like shape of blue auto-fluorescence. Bracelet salt glands contain more than 16 cells and more than four secretory pores. Leaf disc secretion measurements and non-invasive micro-test techniques indicated that bracelet salt glands secrete more salt than normal salt glands, which helps maintain low Na+ levels at the leaf blade to protect the leaf. Cytokinin treatment induced bracelet salt gland differentiation, and the developed ones showed no further differentiation when traced with a living fluorescence microscopy imager, even though new salt gland development and leaf expansion were observed. Transcriptome revealed a NAC transcription factor gene that participates in bracelet salt gland development, as confirmed by its genome editing and overexpression in L. bicolor. These findings shed light on bracelet salt gland development and may facilitate the engineering of salt-tolerant crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boqing Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, 250014, China
| | - Yingli Zhou
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, 250014, China
| | - Xiangmei Jiao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, 250014, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, 250014, China
| | - Baoshan Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, 250014, China
| | - Fang Yuan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, 250014, China
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215
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Singh P, Stevenson SR, Dickinson PJ, Reyna-Llorens I, Tripathi A, Reeves G, Schreier TB, Hibberd JM. C 4 gene induction during de-etiolation evolved through changes in cis to allow integration with ancestral C 3 gene regulatory networks. Sci Adv 2023; 9:eade9756. [PMID: 36989352 PMCID: PMC10058240 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade9756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
C4 photosynthesis has evolved by repurposing enzymes found in C3 plants. Compared with the ancestral C3 state, accumulation of C4 cycle proteins is enhanced. We used de-etiolation of C4 Gynandropsis gynandra and C3 Arabidopsis thaliana to understand this process. C4 gene expression and chloroplast biogenesis in G. gynandra were tightly coordinated. Although C3 and C4 photosynthesis genes showed similar induction patterns, in G. gynandra, C4 genes were more strongly induced than orthologs from A. thaliana. In vivo binding of TGA and homeodomain as well as light-responsive elements such as G- and I-box motifs were associated with the rapid increase in transcripts of C4 genes. Deletion analysis confirmed that regions containing G- and I-boxes were necessary for high expression. The data support a model in which accumulation of transcripts derived from C4 photosynthesis genes in C4 leaves is enhanced because modifications in cis allowed integration into ancestral transcriptional networks.
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216
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Aros-Mualin D, Guadagno CR, Silvestro D, Kessler M. Light, rather than circadian rhythm, regulates gas exchange in ferns and lycophytes. Plant Physiol 2023; 191:1634-1647. [PMID: 36691320 PMCID: PMC10022864 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Circadian regulation plays a vital role in optimizing plant responses to the environment. However, while circadian regulation has been extensively studied in angiosperms, very little is known for lycophytes and ferns, leaving a gap in our understanding of the evolution of circadian rhythms across the plant kingdom. Here, we investigated circadian regulation in gas exchange through stomatal conductance and photosynthetic efficiency in a phylogenetically broad panel of 21 species of lycophytes and ferns over a 46 h period under constant light and a selected few under more natural conditions with day-night cycles. No rhythm was detected under constant light for either lycophytes or ferns, except for two semi-aquatic species of the family Marsileaceae (Marsilea azorica and Regnellidium diphyllum), which showed rhythms in stomatal conductance. Furthermore, these results indicated the presence of a light-driven stomatal control for ferns and lycophytes, with a possible passive fine-tuning through leaf water status adjustments. These findings support previous evidence for the fundamentally different regulation of gas exchange in lycophytes and ferns compared to angiosperms, and they suggest the presence of alternative stomatal regulations in Marsileaceae, an aquatic family already well known for numerous other distinctive physiological traits. Overall, our study provides evidence for heterogeneous circadian regulation across plant lineages, highlighting the importance of broad taxonomic scope in comparative plant physiology studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Daniele Silvestro
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg 1700, Switzerland
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Global Gothenburg Biodiversity Centre, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg SE-405 30, Sweden
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Fribourg 1700, Switzerland
| | - Michael Kessler
- Department of Systematics and Evolutionary Botany, University of Zurich, Zurich 8008, Switzerland
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217
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Wang H, Lu Z, Xu Y, Zhang J, Han L, Chai M, Wang ZY, Yang X, Lu S, Tong J, Xiao L, Wen J, Mysore KS, Zhou C. Roles of very long-chain fatty acids in compound leaf patterning in Medicago truncatula. Plant Physiol 2023; 191:1751-1770. [PMID: 36617225 PMCID: PMC10022625 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Plant cuticles are composed of hydrophobic cuticular waxes and cutin. Very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) are components of epidermal waxes and the plasma membrane and are involved in organ morphogenesis. By screening a barrelclover (Medicago truncatula) mutant population tagged by the transposable element of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) cell type1 (Tnt1), we identified two types of mutants with unopened flower phenotypes, named unopened flower1 (uof1) and uof2. Both UOF1 and UOF2 encode enzymes that are involved in the biosynthesis of VLCFAs and cuticular wax. Comparative analysis of the mutants indicated that the mutation in UOF1, but not UOF2, leads to the increased number of leaflets in M. truncatula. UOF1 was specifically expressed in the outermost cell layer (L1) of the shoot apical meristem (SAM) and leaf primordia. The uof1 mutants displayed defects in VLCFA-mediated plasma membrane integrity, resulting in the disordered localization of the PIN-FORMED1 (PIN1) ortholog SMOOTH LEAF MARGIN1 (SLM1) in M. truncatula. Our work demonstrates that the UOF1-mediated biosynthesis of VLCFAs in L1 is critical for compound leaf patterning, which is associated with the polarization of the auxin efflux carrier in M. truncatula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfeng Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Zhichao Lu
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Yiteng Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Lu Han
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Maofeng Chai
- Grassland Agri-Husbandry Research Center, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Zeng-Yu Wang
- Grassland Agri-Husbandry Research Center, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Xianpeng Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Shiyou Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Jianhua Tong
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Phytohormones and Growth Development, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Langtao Xiao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Phytohormones and Growth Development, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Jiangqi Wen
- Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Oklahoma State University, 3210 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401, USA
| | - Kirankumar S Mysore
- Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Oklahoma State University, 3210 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401, USA
| | - Chuanen Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266101, China
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218
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Bian R, Liu N, Xu Y, Su Z, Chai L, Bernardo A, St Amand P, Fritz A, Zhang G, Rupp J, Akhunov E, Jordan KW, Bai G. Quantitative trait loci for rolled leaf in a wheat EMS mutant from Jagger. Theor Appl Genet 2023; 136:52. [PMID: 36912970 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-023-04284-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Two QTLs with major effects on rolled leaf trait were consistently detected on chromosomes 1A (QRl.hwwg-1AS) and 5A (QRl.hwwg-5AL) in the field experiments. Rolled leaf (RL) is a morphological strategy to protect plants from dehydration under stressed field conditions. Identification of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) underlining RL is essential to breed drought-tolerant wheat cultivars. A mapping population of 154 recombinant inbred lines was developed from the cross between JagMut1095, a mutant of Jagger, and Jagger to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for the RL trait. A linkage map of 3106 cM was constructed with 1003 unique SNPs from 21 wheat chromosomes. Two consistent QTLs were identified for RL on chromosomes 1A (QRl.hwwg-1AS) and 5A (QRl.hwwg-5AL) in all field experiments. QRl.hwwg-1AS explained 24-56% of the phenotypic variation and QRl.hwwg-5AL explained up to 20% of the phenotypic variation. The combined percent phenotypic variation associated with the two QTLs was up to 61%. Analyses of phenotypic and genotypic data of recombinants generated from heterogeneous inbred families of JagMut1095 × Jagger delimited QRl.hwwg-1AS to a 6.04 Mb physical interval. This work lays solid foundation for further fine mapping and map-based cloning of QRl.hwwg-1AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruolin Bian
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
- Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan Province, China
| | - Yuzhou Xu
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Zhenqi Su
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
- China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Lingling Chai
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
- China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Amy Bernardo
- USDA-ARS, Hard Winter Wheat Genetics Research Unit, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Paul St Amand
- USDA-ARS, Hard Winter Wheat Genetics Research Unit, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Allan Fritz
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Guorong Zhang
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Jessica Rupp
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Eduard Akhunov
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Katherine W Jordan
- USDA-ARS, Hard Winter Wheat Genetics Research Unit, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Guihua Bai
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA.
- USDA-ARS, Hard Winter Wheat Genetics Research Unit, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA.
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219
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Niu J, Si Y, Tian S, Liu X, Shi X, Ma S, Yu Z, Ling HQ, Zheng S. A Wheat 660 K SNP array-based high-density genetic map facilitates QTL mapping of flag leaf-related traits in wheat. Theor Appl Genet 2023; 136:51. [PMID: 36913011 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-023-04248-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A high-density genetic map containing 122,620 SNP markers was constructed, which facilitated the identification of eight major flag leaf-related QTL in relatively narrow intervals. The flag leaf plays an important role in photosynthetic capacity and yield potential in wheat. In this study, we used a recombinant inbred line population containing 188 lines derived from a cross between 'Lankao86' (LK86) and 'Ermangmai' to construct a genetic map using the Wheat 660 K single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array. The high-density genetic map contains 122,620 SNP markers spanning 5185.06 cM. It shows good collinearity with the physical map of Chinese Spring and anchors multiple sequences of previously unplaced scaffolds onto chromosomes. Based on the high-density genetic map, we identified seven, twelve, and eight quantitative trait loci (QTL) for flag leaf length (FLL), width (FLW), and area (FLA) across eight environments, respectively. Among them, three, one, and four QTL for FLL, FLW, and FLA are major and stably express in more than four environments. The physical distance between the flanking markers for QFll.igdb-3B/QFlw.igdb-3B/QFla.igdb-3B is only 444 kb containing eight high confidence genes. These results suggested that we could directly map the candidate genes in a relatively small region by the high-density genetic map constructed with the Wheat 660 K array. Furthermore, the identification of environmentally stable QTL for flag leaf morphology laid a foundation for the following gene cloning and flag leaf morphology improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqing Niu
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Lab, Sanya, Hainan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yaoqi Si
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuiquan Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoli Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shengwei Ma
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Lab, Sanya, Hainan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongqing Yu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Hong-Qing Ling
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Lab, Sanya, Hainan, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Shusong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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220
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Wu Y, Xin Y, Zou J, Huang S, Wang C, Feng H. BrCWM Mutation Disrupted Leaf Flattening in Chinese Cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065225. [PMID: 36982299 PMCID: PMC10049106 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Leaf flattening plays a vital role in the establishment of plant architecture, which is closely related to plant photosynthesis and, thus, influences the product yield and quality of Chinese cabbage. In this study, we used the doubled haploid line ‘FT’ of Chinese cabbage as the wild type for ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) mutagenesis and obtained a mutant cwm with stably inherited compact and wrinkled leaves. Genetic analysis revealed that the mutated trait was controlled by a single recessive nuclear gene, Brcwm. Brcwm was preliminarily mapped to chromosome A07 based on bulked segregant RNA sequencing (BSR-seq) and fine-mapped to a 205.66 kb region containing 39 genes between Indel12 and Indel21 using SSR and Indel analysis. According to the whole-genome re-sequencing results, we found that there was only one nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (C to T) within the target interval on exon 4 of BraA07g021970.3C, which resulted in a proline to serine amino acid substitution. The mutated trait co-segregated with the SNP. Quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) revealed that BraA07g021970.3C expression was dramatically higher in ‘FT’ leaves than that in cwm leaves. BraA07g021970.3C is homologous to AT3G55000 encoding a protein related to cortical microtubule organization. A similar phenotype of dwarfism and wrinkled leaves was observed in the recessive homozygous mutant cwm-f1 of AT3G55000, and its T3 transgenic lines were restored to the Arabidopsis wild-type phenotype through ectopic overexpression of BraA07g021970.3C. These results verified that BraA07g021970.3C was the target gene essential for leaf flattening in Chinese cabbage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Hui Feng
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-1389-889-9863
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221
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Koehler T, Schaum C, Tung SY, Steiner F, Tyborski N, Wild AJ, Akale A, Pausch J, Lueders T, Wolfrum S, Mueller CW, Vidal A, Vahl WK, Groth J, Eder B, Ahmed MA, Carminati A. Above and belowground traits impacting transpiration decline during soil drying in 48 maize (Zea mays) genotypes. Ann Bot 2023; 131:373-386. [PMID: 36479887 PMCID: PMC9992933 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcac147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Stomatal regulation allows plants to promptly respond to water stress. However, our understanding of the impact of above and belowground hydraulic traits on stomatal regulation remains incomplete. The objective of this study was to investigate how key plant hydraulic traits impact transpiration of maize during soil drying. We hypothesize that the stomatal response to soil drying is related to a loss in soil hydraulic conductivity at the root-soil interface, which in turn depends on plant hydraulic traits. METHODS We investigate the response of 48 contrasting maize (Zea mays) genotypes to soil drying, utilizing a novel phenotyping facility. In this context, we measure the relationship between leaf water potential, soil water potential, soil water content and transpiration, as well as root, rhizosphere and aboveground plant traits. KEY RESULTS Genotypes differed in their responsiveness to soil drying. The critical soil water potential at which plants started decreasing transpiration was related to a combination of above and belowground traits: genotypes with a higher maximum transpiration and plant hydraulic conductance as well as a smaller root and rhizosphere system closed stomata at less negative soil water potentials. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate the importance of belowground hydraulics for stomatal regulation and hence drought responsiveness during soil drying. Furthermore, this finding supports the hypothesis that stomata start to close when soil hydraulic conductivity drops at the root-soil interface.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carolin Schaum
- Soil Physics, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Shu-Yin Tung
- Institute for Agroecology and Organic Farming, Bavarian State Research Center for Agriculture, Freising, Germany
| | | | - Nicolas Tyborski
- Ecological Microbiology, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Andreas J Wild
- Agroecology, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Asegidew Akale
- Soil Physics, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Johanna Pausch
- Agroecology, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Tillmann Lueders
- Ecological Microbiology, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Sebastian Wolfrum
- Institute for Agroecology and Organic Farming, Bavarian State Research Center for Agriculture, Freising, Germany
| | - Carsten W Mueller
- Soil Science, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alix Vidal
- Soil Biology Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter K Vahl
- Institute for Crop Science and Plant Breeding, Bavarian State Research Center for Agriculture, Freising, Germany
| | - Jennifer Groth
- Institute for Crop Science and Plant Breeding, Bavarian State Research Center for Agriculture, Freising, Germany
| | - Barbara Eder
- Institute for Crop Science and Plant Breeding, Bavarian State Research Center for Agriculture, Freising, Germany
| | - Mutez A Ahmed
- Soil Physics, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Andrea Carminati
- Physics of Soils and Terrestrial Ecosystems, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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222
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Gossart N, Berhin A, Sergeant K, Alam I, André C, Hausman JF, Boutry M, Hachez C. Engineering Nicotiana tabacum trichomes for triterpenic acid production. Plant Sci 2023; 328:111573. [PMID: 36563941 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we aimed at implementing the biosynthesis of triterpenic acids in Nicotiana tabacum glandular trichomes. Although endogenous genes coding for enzymes involved in such biosynthetic pathway are found in the Nicotiana tabacum genome, implementing such pathway specifically in glandular trichomes required to boost endogenous enzymatic activities. Five transgenes coding for a farnesyl-diphosphate synthase, a squalene synthase, a squalene epoxidase, a beta-amyrin synthase and a beta-amyrin 28-monooxygenase were introduced in N.tabacum, their expression being driven by pMALD1, a trichome-specific transcriptional promoter. This study aimed at testing whether sinking isoprenoid precursors localized in plastids, by exploiting potential cross-talks allowing the exchange of terpenoid pools from the chloroplast to the cytosol, could be a way to improve overall yield. By analyzing metabolites extracted from entire leaves, a low amount of ursolic acid was detected in plants expressing the five transgenes. Our study shows that the terpene biosynthetic pathway could be, in part, redirected in N.tabacum glandular trichomes with no deleterious phenotype at the whole plant level (chlorosis, dwarfism,…). In light of our results, possible ways to improve the final yield are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Gossart
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Alice Berhin
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Kjell Sergeant
- Environmental Research and Innovation, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Iftekhar Alam
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; Plant Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Biotechnology, Ganakbari, Ashulia, Savar, Dhaka 1349, Bangladesh
| | - Christelle André
- Environmental Research and Innovation, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jean-François Hausman
- Environmental Research and Innovation, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Marc Boutry
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Charles Hachez
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
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223
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Wei Z, Guo W, Jiang S, Yan D, Shi Y, Wu B, Xin X, Chen L, Cai Y, Zhang H, Li Y, Huang H, Li J, Yan F, Zhang C, Hou W, Chen J, Sun Z. Transcriptional profiling reveals a critical role of GmFT2a in soybean staygreen syndrome caused by the pest Riptortus pedestris. New Phytol 2023; 237:1876-1890. [PMID: 36404128 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Soybean staygreen syndrome, characterized by delayed leaf and stem senescence, abnormal pods, and aborted seeds, has recently become a serious and prominent problem in soybean production. Although the pest Riptortus pedestris has received increasing attention as the possible cause of staygreen syndrome, the mechanism remains unknown. Here, we clarify that direct feeding by R. pedestris, not transmission of a pathogen by this pest, is the primary cause of typical soybean staygreen syndrome and that critical feeding damage occurs at the early pod stage. Transcriptome profiling of soybean indicated that many signal transduction pathways, including photoperiod, hormone, defense response, and photosynthesis, respond to R. pedestris infestation. Importantly, we discovered that members of the FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) gene family were suppressed by R. pedestris infestation, and overexpression of floral inducer GmFT2a attenuates staygreen symptoms by mediating soybean defense response and photosynthesis. Together, our findings systematically illustrate the association between pest infestation and soybean staygreen syndrome and provide the basis for establishing a targeted soybean pest prevention and control system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyan Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MARA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Wenbin Guo
- Information and Computational Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Shanshan Jiang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Dankan Yan
- Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-Products Safety, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Yan Shi
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Bin Wu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Xiangqi Xin
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Li Chen
- National Center for Transgenic Research in Plants, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yupeng Cai
- National Center for Transgenic Research in Plants, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Hehong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MARA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Yanjun Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MARA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Haijian Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MARA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Junmin Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MARA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Fei Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MARA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Chuanxi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MARA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Wensheng Hou
- National Center for Transgenic Research in Plants, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jianping Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MARA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Zongtao Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MARA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
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Liu K, Zhang X. PiTLiD: Identification of Plant Disease From Leaf Images Based on Convolutional Neural Network. IEEE/ACM Trans Comput Biol Bioinform 2023; 20:1278-1288. [PMID: 35914052 DOI: 10.1109/tcbb.2022.3195291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
With the development of plant phenomics, the identification of plant diseases from leaf images has become an effective and economic approach in plant disease science. Among the methods of plant diseases identification, the convolutional neural network (CNN) is the most popular one for its superior performance. However, CNN's representation power is still a challenge in dealing with small datasets, which greatly affects its popularization. In this work, we propose a new method, namely PiTLiD, based on pretrained Inception-V3 convolutional neural network and transfer learning to identify plant leaf diseases from phenotype data of plant leaf with small sample size. To evaluate the robustness of the proposed method, the experiments on several datasets with small-scale samples were implemented. The results show that PiTLiD performs better than compared methods. This study provides a plant disease identification tool based on a deep learning algorithm for plant phenomics. All the source data and code are accessible at https://github.com/zhanglab-wbgcas/PiTLiD.
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225
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Chen Y, Cai X, Tang B, Xie Q, Chen G, Chen X, Hu Z. SlERF.J2 reduces chlorophyll accumulation and inhibits chloroplast biogenesis and development in tomato leaves. Plant Sci 2023; 328:111578. [PMID: 36608875 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Chlorophyll metabolism and chloroplast biogenesis in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) leaves contribute to photosynthesis; however, their molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. In this study, we found that overexpression of SlERF.J2 (ethylene transcription factor) resulted in a decrease in leaf chlorophyll content and reduced accumulation of starch and soluble sugar. The slerf.j2 knockout mutant showed no apparent change. Further observation of tissue sections and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that SlERF.J2 was involved in chlorophyll accumulation and chloroplast formation. RNA-seq of mature SlERF.J2-OE leaves showed that many genes involved in chlorophyll biosynthesis and chloroplast formation were significantly downregulated compared with those in WT leaves. Genome global scanning of the ERF TF binding site combined with RNA-seq differential gene expression and qRT-PCR detection analysis showed that COP1 was a potential target gene of SlERF.J2. Tobacco transient expression technology, a dual-luciferase reporter system and Y1H technology were employed to verify that SlERF.J2 could bind to the COP1 promoter. Notably, overexpression of SlERF.J2 in Nr mutants resulted in impaired chloroplast biogenesis and development. Taken together, our findings demonstrated that SlERF.J2 plays an essential role in chlorophyll accumulation and chloroplast formation, laying a foundation for enhancing plant photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Chen
- Laboratory of molecular biology of tomato, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Xi Cai
- Laboratory of molecular biology of tomato, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Boyan Tang
- Laboratory of molecular biology of tomato, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Qiaoli Xie
- Laboratory of molecular biology of tomato, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Guoping Chen
- Laboratory of molecular biology of tomato, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Xuqing Chen
- Institute of Grassland, Flowers and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Zongli Hu
- Laboratory of molecular biology of tomato, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.
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226
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Chaudhry AH, Hussain SB, Du W, Liu Y, Peng SA, Deng X, Pan Z. A novel bud mutant of navel orange (Citrus sinensis) shows tolerance to chlorosis in acidic and magnesium-deficient soils. Plant Physiol Biochem 2023; 196:739-745. [PMID: 36827955 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Interveinal chlorosis in old leaves is a common occurrence in citrus orchards in southern China. The present study investigates the 'Langfeng' navel orange (LF, Citrus sinensis) grafted onto a Trifoliate orange (TO, Poncirus trifoliata) rootstock, which exhibits healthy green leaves, and the 'Newhall' navel orange (NHE, C. sinensis) grafted onto TO, which has typical magnesium (Mg) deficiency-induced chlorosis. Chemical analysis of the rhizosphere soil revealed that the pH values were around 3.92 and that both Mg and calcium (Ca) were significantly deficient in the rhizosphere soil of both grafting combinations (LF/TO and NHE/TO). Furthermore, the chlorotic leaves of NHE/TO had significantly lower levels of Mg, Ca, and phosphorus (P), and the green leaves of NHE/TO had significantly lower levels of Mg and Ca compared to the green leaves of the LF/TO. This suggests that Mg deficiency may be the primary cause of chlorosis in NHE/TO. A greenhouse study using the same graft combinations showed that the LF/TO plants had better growth than the NHE/TO, possibly by promoting Mg uptake and/or improving Mg distribution to leaves, thereby increasing carbon dioxide (CO2) assimilation and photosynthesis, optimizing carbohydrate distribution, and increasing plant biomass. This results in a phenotype that is tolerant to Mg deficiency. In conclusion, these findings suggest that the LF navel orange could be utilized in the development of new citrus varieties with improved Mg-use efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Hassan Chaudhry
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Syed Bilal Hussain
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 700 Experiment Station Rd., Lake Alfred, FL, 33850, USA
| | - Wei Du
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China; Research Institute of Fruit and Tea, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan, Hubei, 430064, PR China
| | - Yongzhong Liu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Shu-Ang Peng
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Xiuxin Deng
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Zhiyong Pan
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China.
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Wang L, Wang W, Miao Y, Peters M, Schultze-Kraft R, Liu G, Chen Z. Development of transgenic composite Stylosanthes plants to study root growth regulated by a β-expansin gene, SgEXPB1, under phosphorus deficiency. Plant Cell Rep 2023; 42:575-585. [PMID: 36624204 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-023-02978-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A highly efficient transformation procedure to generate transgenic Stylosanthes roots was established. SgEXPB1 is involved in Stylosanthes root growth under phosphorus deficiency. Stylo (Stylosanthes spp.) is an important forage legume widely applied in agricultural systems in the tropics. Due to the recalcitrance of stylo genetic transformation, functional characterization of candidate genes involved in stylo root growth is limited. This study established an efficient procedure for Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated transformation for generating transgenic composite plants of S. guianensis cultivar 'Reyan No. 5'. Results showed that composite stylo plants with transgenic hairy roots were efficiently generated by A. rhizogenes strains K599 and Arqual, infecting the residual hypocotyl at 1.0 cm of length below the cotyledon leaves of 9-d-old seedlings, leading to a high transformation efficiency of > 95% based on histochemical β-glucuronidase (GUS) staining. Notably, 100% of GUS staining-positive hairy roots can be achieved per composite stylo plant. Subsequently, SgEXPB1, a β-expansin gene up-regulated by phosphorus (P) deficiency in stylo roots, was successfully overexpressed in hairy roots. Analysis of hairy roots showed that root growth and P concentration in the transgenic composite plants were increased by SgEXPB1 overexpression under low-P treatment. Taken together, a highly efficient A. rhizogenes-mediated transformation procedure for generating composite stylo plants was established to study the function of SgEXPB1, revealing that this gene is involved in stylo root growth during P deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linjie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Crops Germplasm Resources Genetic Improvement and Innovation of Hainan Province, Institute of Tropical Crop Genetic Resources, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570110, China
| | - Wenqiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Crops Germplasm Resources Genetic Improvement and Innovation of Hainan Province, Institute of Tropical Crop Genetic Resources, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Ye Miao
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570110, China
| | - Michael Peters
- Alliance of Bioversity International and International Center for Tropical Agriculture, Cali, 763537, Colombia
| | - Rainer Schultze-Kraft
- Alliance of Bioversity International and International Center for Tropical Agriculture, Cali, 763537, Colombia
| | - Guodao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Crops Germplasm Resources Genetic Improvement and Innovation of Hainan Province, Institute of Tropical Crop Genetic Resources, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Zhijian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Crops Germplasm Resources Genetic Improvement and Innovation of Hainan Province, Institute of Tropical Crop Genetic Resources, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China.
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Abstract
Plant functional traits are powerful ecological tools, but the relationships between plant traits and climate (or environmental variables more broadly) are often remarkably weak. This presents a paradox: Plant traits govern plant interactions with their environment, but the environment does not strongly predict the traits of plants living there. Unpacking this paradox requires differentiating the mechanisms of trait variation and potential confounds of trait-environment relationships at different evolutionary and ecological scales ranging from within species to among communities. It also necessitates a more integrated understanding of physiological and evolutionary equifinality among many traits and plant strategies, and challenges us to understand how supposedly 'functional' traits integrate into a whole-organism phenotype in ways that may be largely orthogonal to environmental tolerances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leander D L Anderegg
- Department of Ecology, Evolution & Marine Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93117, USA
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229
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Ge X, Du J, Zhang L, Qu G, Hu J. PeCLH2 Gene Positively Regulate Salt Tolerance in Transgenic Populus alba × Populus glandulosa. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14030538. [PMID: 36980811 PMCID: PMC10048402 DOI: 10.3390/genes14030538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Salt is an important environmental stress factor, which seriously affects the growth, development and distribution of plants. Chlorophyllase plays an important role in stress response. Nevertheless, little is known about the physiological and molecular mechanism of chlorophyll (Chlase, CLH) genes in plants. We cloned PeCLH2 from Populus euphratica and found that PeCLH2 was differentially expressed in different tissues, especially in the leaves of P. euphratica. To further study the role of PeCLH2 in salt tolerance, PeCLH2 overexpression and RNA interference transgenic lines were established in Populus alba × Populus glandulosa and used for salt stress treatment and physiologic indexes studies. Overexpressing lines significantly improved tolerance to salt treatment and reduced reactive oxygen species production. RNA interference lines showed the opposite. Transcriptome analysis was performed on leaves of control and transgenic lines under normal growth conditions and salt stress to predict genes regulated during salt stress. This provides a basis for elucidating the molecular regulation mechanism of PeCLH2 in response to salt stress and improving the tolerance of poplar under salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Xiangshan Road, Beijing 100091, China
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Jiujun Du
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Xiangshan Road, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Xiangshan Road, Beijing 100091, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Guanzheng Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Jianjun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Xiangshan Road, Beijing 100091, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-10-62888862
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230
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Xu Y, Yan S, Jiang S, Bai L, Liu Y, Peng S, Chen R, Liu Q, Xiao Y, Kang H. Identification of a Rice Leaf Width Gene Narrow Leaf 22 ( NAL22) through Genome-Wide Association Study and Gene Editing Technology. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24044073. [PMID: 36835485 PMCID: PMC9962836 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Rice leaf width (RLW) is a crucial determinant of photosynthetic area. Despite the discovery of several genes controlling RLW, the underlying genetic architecture remains unclear. In order to better understand RLW, this study conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) on 351 accessions from the rice diversity population II (RDP-II). The results revealed 12 loci associated with leaf width (LALW). In LALW4, we identified one gene, Narrow Leaf 22 (NAL22), whose polymorphisms and expression levels were associated with RLW variation. Knocking out this gene in Zhonghua11, using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology, resulted in a short and narrow leaf phenotype. However, seed width remained unchanged. Additionally, we discovered that the vein width and expression levels of genes associated with cell division were suppressed in nal22 mutants. Gibberellin (GA) was also found to negatively regulate NAL22 expression and impact RLW. In summary, we dissected the genetic architecture of RLW and identified a gene, NAL22, which provides new loci for further RLW studies and a target gene for leaf shape design in modern rice breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Xu
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shuangyong Yan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Breeding, Tianjin Crop Research Institute, Tianjin Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Tianjin 300112, China
| | - Su Jiang
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Lu Bai
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yanchen Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shasha Peng
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Rubin Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qi Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yinghui Xiao
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Houxiang Kang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Correspondence:
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231
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Lee YRJ, Huang CH, Liu B. Confocal Microscopic Assays of Mitotically Active Proteins in an Agrobacterial Infiltration-Based, Cell Division-Enabled Leaf System of Tobacco (Nicotiana benthamiana). Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2604:103-111. [PMID: 36773228 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2867-6_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
The production of tissues and organs in plants is brought about by mitotic cell divisions, starting from the zygote. Successful mitosis and cytokinesis harness the functional input of proteins that are expressed in cell cycle-dependent manners to regulate cytoskeletal reorganization and intracellular motility. Fluorescence microscopic assays of mitotically active proteins have been dependent on time-consuming transformation experiments in a host plant or cultured cells. To facilitate the detection and observation of cell cycle-dependent localization and dynamics of plant proteins, we demonstrate, in this chapter, a transiently induced cell division system in Nicotiana benthamiana, named the cell division-enabled leaf system (CDELS). Plasmid constructs which express the D-type cyclin along with a fluorescent fusion protein(s) of interest are delivered to the leaves of N. benthamiana by agrobacterial infiltration. Ectopic expression of cyclin D induces leaf epidermal cells to re-enter mitosis and subsequently cytokinesis, allowing the dynamic localization of fluorescent fusion protein(s) to be observed throughout the course of mitotic cell division using live-cell fluorescence microscopy. This effective approach not only allows one to detect mitotic activities of novel proteins but also record their dynamics and relationship with others during mitosis and cytokinesis in a greatly shortened period of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuh-Ru Julie Lee
- Department of Plant Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Calvin H Huang
- Department of Plant Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Plant Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
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232
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Xu R, Cheng S, Zhou J, Tigabu M, Ma X, Li M. Intraspecific variations in leaf functional traits of Cunninghamia lanceolata provenances. BMC Plant Biol 2023; 23:92. [PMID: 36782117 PMCID: PMC9926855 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04097-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies on intra-specific variability in leaf functional traits is important to evaluate adaptation of the species to predicted climate change, and to develop long-term conservation strategy. The main objectives were to investigate the relationship between the functional traits leaves and C, N, P stoichiometry of Chinese fir from different geographical provenances and their relationship with the main environmental factors of provenance. RESULTS In this study, we measured 12 leaf functional traits on 36-year-old Cunninghamia lanceolata trees from 13 provenances. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to examine the variability. Redundancy analysis (RA) was computed to examine the relationship between geo-climatic factors of provenance origin and leaf functional traits while Pearson's correlation coefficient was computed to assess inter-trait correlations. The results showed statistically significant differences (P < 0.01) in intraspecific leaf traits among provenances, except leaf P content. The relationships among leaf traits are consistent with the general trend observed in the leaf economic spectrum. Mean annual temperature appeared to be a key factor that influences intraspecific leaf traits variability compared to mean annual precipitation. CONCLUSION These results provide useful insights about adaptation of leaf trait of Chinese fir in a changing climatic condition. Thus, our findings shed light on the importance of interspecific trait variability in Chinese fir and the potential effect of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Xu
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
| | - Shundan Cheng
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
| | - Jing Zhou
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
| | - Mulualem Tigabu
- Southern Swedish Forest Research Center, Faculty of Forest Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 190, 234 22 Lomma, Sweden
| | - Xiangqing Ma
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
- Chinese Fir Engineering Technology Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Fuzhou, 350002 Fujian China
| | - Ming Li
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
- Chinese Fir Engineering Technology Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Fuzhou, 350002 Fujian China
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233
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Duan Y, Lei T, Li W, Jiang M, Zhao Z, Yu X, Li Y, Yang L, Li J, Gao S. Enhanced Na + and Cl - sequestration and secretion selectivity contribute to high salt tolerance in the tetraploid recretohalophyte Plumbago auriculata Lam. Planta 2023; 257:52. [PMID: 36757459 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04082-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Enhanced secretion of Na+ and Cl- in leaf glands and leaf vacuolar sequestration of Na+ or root retention of Cl-, combined with K+ retention, contribute to the improved salt tolerance of tetraploid recretohalophyte P. auriculata. Salt stress is one of the major abiotic factors threatening plant growth and development, and polyploids generally exhibit higher salt stress resistance than diploids. In recretohalophytes, which secrete ions from the salt gland in leaf epidermal cells, the effects of polyploidization on ion homeostasis and secretion remain unknown. In this study, we compared the morphology, physiology, and ion homeostasis regulation of diploid and autotetraploid accessions of the recretohalophyte Plumbago auriculata Lam. after treatment with 300 mM NaCl for 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 days. The results showed that salt stress altered the morphology, photosynthetic efficiency, and chloroplast structure of diploid P. auriculata to a greater extent than those of its tetraploid counterpart. Moreover, the contents of organic osmoregulatory substances (proline and soluble sugars) were significantly higher in the tetraploid than in the diploid, while those of H2O2 and malondialdehyde (MDA) were significantly lower. Analysis of ion homeostasis revealed that the tetraploid cytotype accumulated more Na+ in stems and leaves and more Cl- in roots but less K+ loss in roots compared with diploid P. auriculata. Additionally, the rate of Na+ and Cl- secretion from the leaf surface was higher, while that of K+, Mg2+, and Ca2+ secretion was lower in tetraploid plants. X-ray microanalysis of mesophyll cells revealed that Na+ mainly accumulated in different cellular compartments in the tetraploid (vacuole) and diploid (cytoplasm) plants. Our results suggest that polyploid recretohalophytes require the ability to sequester Na+ and Cl-(via accumulation in leaf cell vacuoles or unloading by roots) and selectively secrete these ions (through salt glands) together with the ability to prevent K+ loss (by roots). This mechanism required to maintain K+/Na+ homeostasis in polyploid recretohalophytes under high salinity provides new insights in the improved maintenance of ion homeostasis in polyploids under salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Duan
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Ting Lei
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Wenji Li
- Chongqing Industry Polytechnic College, Chongqing, 401120, China
| | - Mingyan Jiang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Zi'an Zhao
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xiaofang Yu
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yirui Li
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Lijuan Yang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Jiani Li
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Suping Gao
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
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234
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Adeyinka OS, Nasir IA, Tabassum B. Host-induced silencing of the CpCHI gene resulted in developmental abnormalities and mortality in maize stem borer (Chilo partellus). PLoS One 2023; 18:e0280963. [PMID: 36745624 PMCID: PMC9901779 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
RNAi-based insecticides for crop protection have witnessed rapid improvement over the years. However, their potential to efficiently control maize stem borer (Chilo partellus) pests has remained underexplored. In this study, double-stranded C. partellus chitinase (dsCHI) toxicity was investigated in C. partellus larvae. Furthermore, we developed transgenic maize lines expressing dsRNA targeted against C. partellus chitinase transcripts and performed detached leaf insect feeding bioassays. Our results revealed that C. partellus chitinase transcript expression was significantly downregulated by 57% and 82% in the larvae. Larvae exhibited various phenotypic distortion levels across developmental stages, and 53% mortality occurred in transgenic fed larvae compared to those fed on nontransgenic leaves. In conclusion, we have identified the C. partellus chitinase gene as a potential target for RNAi-mediated control and demonstrated that oral delivery via bacteria and plant-mediated delivery are viable means of achieving C. partellus RNAi-mediated control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olawale Samuel Adeyinka
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
- Department of Chemistry, Physics and Atmospheric Sciences Jackson state University, Jackson, MS, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Idrees Ahmad Nasir
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Tabassum
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
- School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
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235
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Medina-Lozano I, Arnedo MS, Grimplet J, Díaz A. Selection of Novel Reference Genes by RNA-Seq and Their Evaluation for Normalising Real-Time qPCR Expression Data of Anthocyanin-Related Genes in Lettuce and Wild Relatives. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:3052. [PMID: 36769376 PMCID: PMC9917471 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24033052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Lettuce is a popular vegetable source of bioactive compounds, like anthocyanins, powerful antioxidants present in red and semi-red varieties. Selection of reliable reference genes (RGs) for the normalization of real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) data is crucial to obtain accurate gene expression results. Among the genes with totally unrelated biological functions, six candidate RGs (ADF2, CYB5, iPGAM, SCL13, TRXL3-3, and VHA-H) with low variation in expression according to RNA-seq analyses, were selected for future expression studies of anthocyanin-related genes in three different experiments: leaf colour comparison (green vs. red) in commercial varieties; tissue comparison (leaf vs. stem) in a wild relative; and drought stress experiment in commercial and traditional varieties, and a wild relative. Expression profiles of the candidate RGs were obtained by qPCR and their stability was assessed by four different analytical tools, geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, and Delta Ct method, all integrated in RefFinder. All results considered, we recommend CYB5 to be used as RG for the leaf colour experiment and TRXL3-3 for the tissue and drought stress ones, as they were the most stable genes in each case. RNA-seq is useful to preselect novel RGs although validation by qPCR is still advisable. These results provide helpful information for gene expression studies in Lactuca spp. under the described conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés Medina-Lozano
- Department of Plant Sciences, Agrifood Research and Technology Centre of Aragon (CITA), Avd. Montañana 930, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain
- AgriFood Institute of Aragon–IA2, CITA-University of Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María Soledad Arnedo
- Ramiro Arnedo S.A. Paraje La Molina 54, Las Norias de Daza, 04716 Almería, Spain
| | - Jérôme Grimplet
- Department of Plant Sciences, Agrifood Research and Technology Centre of Aragon (CITA), Avd. Montañana 930, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain
- AgriFood Institute of Aragon–IA2, CITA-University of Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Aurora Díaz
- Department of Plant Sciences, Agrifood Research and Technology Centre of Aragon (CITA), Avd. Montañana 930, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain
- AgriFood Institute of Aragon–IA2, CITA-University of Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
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Zou J, Gong Z, Liu Z, Ren J, Feng H. Investigation of the Key Genes Associated with Anthocyanin Accumulation during Inner Leaf Reddening in Ornamental Kale ( Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032837. [PMID: 36769159 PMCID: PMC9917897 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ornamental kale (Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala) is a popular decorative plant in late autumn and winter. However, only during low-temperature color-changed periods below rough 15 °C can the plant accumulate anthocyanins and exhibit a diverse array of foliar color patterns. In this study, we probed into the potential mechanism of inner leaf reddening in a red-leaf pure line of ornamental kale by physiological, metabolic, and transcriptomic analyses. Determination of anthocyanin contents in the uncolored new white leaves (S0), the light red leaves (S1) in the reddening period and the red leaves (S2) completing color change, and analysis of anthocyanin metabolites at stage S2, revealed that the coloring of red leaves was mainly attributed to the accumulation of cyanidins. We further used transcriptomic sequencing between the pairwise S0, S1, and S2 stages to identify 21 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis, among which the expression level of 14 DEGs was positively correlated with anthocyanin accumulation, and 6 DEGs were negatively correlated with anthocyanin accumulation. A total of 89 co-expressed genes were screened out, from which three DEGs (BoCHI, Bo4CL3, and BoF3H) were identified as hub genes in co-expression DEGs network. BoDFR and BoCHI were the DEGs with the highest expressions at S2. Moreover, two co-expressed DEGs related to stress response (BoBBX17 and BoCOR47) also exhibited upregulated expressions and positive correlations with anthocyanin accumulation. A deep dive into the underlying regulatory network of anthocyanin accumulation comprising these six upregulated DEGs from S0 to S2 was performed via trend, correlation, and differentially co-expression analysis. This study uncovered the DEGs expression profiles associated with anthocyanin accumulation during ornamental kale inner leaf reddening, which provided a basis for further dissecting the molecular mechanisms of leaf color characteristic change in ornamental kale at low temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jie Ren
- Correspondence: (J.R.); (H.F.)
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Lian H, Qin C, Yan M, He Z, Begum N, Zhang S. Genetic variation in nitrogen-use efficiency and its associated traits in dryland winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars released from the 1940s to the 2010s in Shaanxi Province, China. J Sci Food Agric 2023; 103:1366-1376. [PMID: 36131517 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Improving the nitrogen-use efficiency (NUE) of wheat can help mitigate the problems of poor soil fertility under dryland conditions. We conducted field experiments using three nitrogen (N) fertilization levels (0, 120, and 180 kg ha-1 ) applied to eight dryland wheat cultivars to assess NUE and its associated traits. RESULTS The grain yield significantly increased with the improvement in variety, mainly as a result of a substantial increase in 1000-grain weight and harvest index. Modern wheat varieties have stabilized at an optimal plant height and exhibited improved performance in terms of NUE, partial N productivity, N harvest index, and grain protein content compared to older varieties. The NUE of wheat gradually increased with variety replacement. The net photosynthesis rate of the flag leaves in the filling stage improved with the year of cultivar release; Increasing soil-plant analysis development (SPAD) values of flag leaves in the flowering and filling stages were observed over time, with the flag leaves of modern varieties showing a high chlorophyll content in the filling stage. Additionally, the principal component analysis showed that the SPAD value, grain number per unit area, transpiration rate, leaf area, and grain protein content positively contributed to the clustering of the N180 and modern cultivars (from the 2000s to 2010s). CONCLUSION Overall, high levels of N application did not significantly improve the NUE of wheat. However, modern wheat varieties can optimize N distribution, increase flag leaf photosynthetic capacity, and improve photosynthesis ability, thus enhancing NUE to achieve high yields under a suitable level of N supply. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huida Lian
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, China
| | - Cheng Qin
- Changzhi University, Changzhi, China
| | - Minfei Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Zhan He
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Naheeda Begum
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics and Breeding for Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Suiqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, China
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238
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Shi Q, Yu W, Li J, Feng S. The mechanism leading to color differences between purple-red and green partridge tea leaves. J Sci Food Agric 2023; 103:1334-1341. [PMID: 36153639 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Partridge tea (Mallotus oblongifolius) is used as an important beverage and medical plant in Hainan province of China. Although some information about the morphology, cytology, and genetics of partridge tea has been reported in the literature, knowledge about this plant is still very limited. The leaves are the most important part for every tea plant, with a major role in nutrition and other functions. The leaves of different cultivars of partridge tea are different in colors and functions. The molecular mechanism of color formation of partridge tea leaf is still unclear. We reveal the molecular mechanism of the color difference between purple-red and green partridge tea leaves through metabolome and transcriptome analysis. RESULTS We identified 665 compounds in the two partridge tea cultivars through metabolome analysis. Among these compounds, the content of 324 differed between the two cultivars. We also annotated 50 042 unigenes in the two cultivars by transcriptome analysis; 9665 unigenes were expressed differently between the two cultivars. Using an integrated analysis of the metabolome and transcriptome data, we found that the compounds and genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis were up-regulated in the purple-red leaves, compared with the green leaves. CONCLUSION Our results showed that the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway genes were up-regulated, which resulted in the up-regulation of the anthocyanin, making the leaf color purple-red. Our study reveals the molecular mechanism of the color difference between purple-red and green partridge tea, and lays a foundation for the genetic breeding of partridge tea genetic and the utilization of its volatile components. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Shi
- College of Horticulture, Hainan University, Haikou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wengang Yu
- College of Horticulture, Hainan University, Haikou, People's Republic of China
| | - Juanling Li
- College of Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shipeng Feng
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, People's Republic of China
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Kong B, Ma J, Zhang P, Chen T, Liu Y, Che Z, Shahinnia F, Yang D. Deciphering key genomic regions controlling flag leaf size in wheat via integration of meta-QTL and in silico transcriptome assessment. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:33. [PMID: 36658498 PMCID: PMC9854125 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09119-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Grain yield is a complex and polygenic trait influenced by the photosynthetic source-sink relationship in wheat. The top three leaves, especially the flag leaf, are considered the major sources of photo-assimilates accumulated in the grain. Determination of significant genomic regions and candidate genes affecting flag leaf size can be used in breeding for grain yield improvement. RESULTS With the final purpose of understanding key genomic regions for flag leaf size, a meta-analysis of 521 initial quantitative trait loci (QTLs) from 31 independent QTL mapping studies over the past decades was performed, where 333 loci eventually were refined into 64 meta-QTLs (MQTLs). The average confidence interval (CI) of these MQTLs was 5.28 times less than that of the initial QTLs. Thirty-three MQTLs overlapped the marker trait associations (MTAs) previously reported in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for flag leaf traits in wheat. A total of 2262 candidate genes for flag leaf size, which were involved in the peroxisome, basal transcription factor, and tyrosine metabolism pathways were identified in MQTL regions by the in silico transcriptome assessment. Of these, the expression analysis of the available genes revealed that 134 genes with > 2 transcripts per million (TPM) were highly and specifically expressed in the leaf. These candidate genes could be critical to affect flag leaf size in wheat. CONCLUSIONS The findings will make further insight into the genetic determinants of flag leaf size and provide some reliable MQTLs and putative candidate genes for the genetic improvement of flag leaf size in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binxue Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Lanzhou, 730070, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Jingfu Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Lanzhou, 730070, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Peipei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Tao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Lanzhou, 730070, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Lanzhou, 730070, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Zhuo Che
- Plant Seed Master Station of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Fahimeh Shahinnia
- Bavarian State Research Centre for Agriculture, Institute for Crop Science and Plant Breeding, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Delong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
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240
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Sun M, Cai M, Zeng Q, Han Y, Zhang S, Wang Y, Xie Q, Chen Y, Zeng Y, Chen T. Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of UBiA Family Genes Associated with Abiotic Stress in Sunflowers ( Helianthus annuus L.). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24031883. [PMID: 36768207 PMCID: PMC9916351 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24031883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The UBiA genes encode a large class of isopentenyltransferases, which are involved in the synthesis of secondary metabolites such as chlorophyll and vitamin E. They performed important functions in the whole plant's growth and development. Current studies on UBiA genes were not comprehensive enough, especially for sunflower UBiA genes. In this study, 10 HaUBiAs were identified by domain analysis these HaUBiAs had five major conserved domains and were unevenly distributed on six chromosomes. By constructing phylogenetic trees, 119 UBiA genes were found in 12 species with different evolutionary levels and divided into five major groups, which contained seven conserved motifs and eight UBiA subsuper family domains. Tissue expression analysis showed that HaUBiAs were highly expressed in the roots, leaves, and seeds. By using promoter analysis, the cis-elements of UBiA genes were mainly in hormone signaling and stress responses. The qRT-PCR results showed that HaUBiA1 and HaUBiA5 responded strongly to abiotic stresses. Under ABA and MeJA treatments, HaUBiA1 significantly upregulated, while HaUBiA5 significantly decreased. Under cold stress, the expression of UBiA1 was significantly upregulated in the roots and stems, while UBiA5 expression was increased only in the leaves. Under anaerobic induction, UBiA1 and UBiA5 were both upregulated in the roots, stems and leaves. In summary, this study systematically classified the UBiA family and identified two abiotic stress candidate genes in the sunflower. It expands the understanding of the UBiA family and provides a theoretical basis for future abiotic stress studies in sunflowers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhe Sun
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, College of Life and Environmental Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Maohong Cai
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, College of Life and Environmental Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Qinzong Zeng
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, College of Life and Environmental Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Yuliang Han
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, College of Life and Environmental Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Siqi Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, College of Life and Environmental Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Yingwei Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, College of Life and Environmental Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Qinyu Xie
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, College of Life and Environmental Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Youheng Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, College of Life and Environmental Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Youling Zeng
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (T.C.)
| | - Tao Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, College of Life and Environmental Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (T.C.)
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241
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Soorni A, Karimi M, Al Sharif B, Habibi K. Genome-wide screening and characterization of long noncoding RNAs involved in flowering/bolting of Lactuca sativa. BMC Plant Biol 2023; 23:3. [PMID: 36588159 PMCID: PMC9806901 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-04031-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) is considered the most important vegetable in the leafy vegetable group. However, bolting affects quality, gives it a bitter taste, and as a result makes it inedible. Bolting is an event induced by the coordinated effects of various environmental factors and endogenous genetic components. Although bolting/flowering responsive genes have been identified in most sensitive and non-sensitive species, non-coding RNA molecules like long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have not been investigated in lettuce. Hence, in this study, potential long non-coding RNAs that regulate flowering /bolting were investigated in two lettuce strains S24 (resistant strain) and S39 (susceptible strain) in different flowering times to better understand the regulation of lettuce bolting mechanism. For this purpose, we used two RNA-seq datasets to discover the lncRNA transcriptome profile during the transition from vegetative to reproductive phase. RESULTS For identifying unannotated transcripts in these datasets, a 7-step pipeline was employed to filter out these transcripts and terminate with 293 novel lncRNAs predicted by PLncPRO and CREMA. These transcripts were then utilized to predict cis and trans flowering-associated targets and Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis. Computational predictions of target gene function showed the involvement of putative flowering-related genes and enrichment of the floral regulators FLC, CO, FT, and SOC1 in both datasets. Finally, 17 and 18 lncRNAs were proposed as competing endogenous target mimics (eTMs) for novel and known lncRNA miRNAs, respectively. CONCLUSION Overall, this study provides new insights into lncRNAs that control the flowering time of plants known for bolting, such as lettuce, and opens new windows for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aboozar Soorni
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran.
| | | | - Batoul Al Sharif
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Khashayar Habibi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
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242
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Michaud O, Krahmer J, Galbier F, Lagier M, Galvão VC, Ince YÇ, Trevisan M, Knerova J, Dickinson P, Hibberd JM, Zeeman SC, Fankhauser C. Abscisic acid modulates neighbor proximity-induced leaf hyponasty in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol 2023; 191:542-557. [PMID: 36135791 PMCID: PMC9806605 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Leaves of shade-avoiding plants such as Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) change their growth pattern and position in response to low red to far-red ratios (LRFRs) encountered in dense plant communities. Under LRFR, transcription factors of the phytochrome-interacting factor (PIF) family are derepressed. PIFs induce auxin production, which is required for promoting leaf hyponasty, thereby favoring access to unfiltered sunlight. Abscisic acid (ABA) has also been implicated in the control of leaf hyponasty, with gene expression patterns suggesting that LRFR regulates the ABA response. Here, we show that LRFR leads to a rapid increase in ABA levels in leaves. Changes in ABA levels depend on PIFs, which regulate the expression of genes encoding isoforms of the enzyme catalyzing a rate-limiting step in ABA biosynthesis. Interestingly, ABA biosynthesis and signaling mutants have more erect leaves than wild-type Arabidopsis under white light but respond less to LRFR. Consistent with this, ABA application decreases leaf angle under white light; however, this response is inhibited under LRFR. Tissue-specific interference with ABA signaling indicates that an ABA response is required in different cell types for LRFR-induced hyponasty. Collectively, our data indicate that LRFR triggers rapid PIF-mediated ABA production. ABA plays a different role in controlling hyponasty under white light than under LRFR. Moreover, ABA exerts its activity in multiple cell types to control leaf position.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Johanna Krahmer
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Centre for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Génopode Building, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Florian Galbier
- Plant Biochemistry, Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Universität-Str. 2, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Martine Trevisan
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Centre for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Génopode Building, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Jana Knerova
- Department of Plant Sciences, Downing Street, Cambridge, University of Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Patrick Dickinson
- Department of Plant Sciences, Downing Street, Cambridge, University of Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Julian M Hibberd
- Department of Plant Sciences, Downing Street, Cambridge, University of Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Samuel C Zeeman
- Plant Biochemistry, Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Universität-Str. 2, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
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Gao XR, Zhang H, Li X, Bai YW, Peng K, Wang Z, Dai ZR, Bian XF, Zhang Q, Jia LC, Li Y, Liu QC, Zhai H, Gao SP, Zhao N, He SZ. The B-box transcription factor IbBBX29 regulates leaf development and flavonoid biosynthesis in sweet potato. Plant Physiol 2023; 191:496-514. [PMID: 36377782 PMCID: PMC9806656 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Plant flavonoids are valuable natural antioxidants. Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) leaves are rich in flavonoids, regenerate rapidly, and can adapt to harsh environments, making them an ideal material for flavonoid biofortification. Here, we demonstrate that the B-box (BBX) family transcription factor IbBBX29 regulates the flavonoid contents and development of sweet potato leaves. IbBBX29 was highly expressed in sweet potato leaves and significantly induced by auxin (IAA). Overexpression of IbBBX29 contributed to a 21.37%-70.94% increase in leaf biomass, a 12.08%-21.85% increase in IAA levels, and a 31.33%-63.03% increase in flavonoid accumulation in sweet potato, whereas silencing this gene produced opposite effects. Heterologous expression of IbBBX29 in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) led to a dwarfed phenotype, along with enhanced IAA and flavonoid accumulation. RNA-seq analysis revealed that IbBBX29 modulates the expression of genes involved in the IAA signaling and flavonoid biosynthesis pathways. Chromatin immunoprecipitation-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and electrophoretic mobility shift assay indicated that IbBBX29 targets key genes of IAA signaling and flavonoid biosynthesis to activate their expression by binding to specific T/G-boxes in their promoters, especially those adjacent to the transcription start site. Moreover, IbBBX29 physically interacted with developmental and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis-related proteins, such as AGAMOUS-LIKE 21 protein IbAGL21 and MYB308-like protein IbMYB308L. Finally, overexpressing IbBBX29 also increased flavonoid contents in sweet potato storage roots. These findings indicate that IbBBX29 plays a pivotal role in regulating IAA-mediated leaf development and flavonoid biosynthesis in sweet potato and Arabidopsis, providing a candidate gene for flavonoid biofortification in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-ru Gao
- Key Laboratory of Sweet Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization and Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Sweet Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization and Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Hainan 572025, China
| | - Xu Li
- Key Laboratory of Sweet Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization and Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Hainan 572025, China
| | - Yi-wei Bai
- Key Laboratory of Sweet Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization and Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Kui Peng
- Key Laboratory of Sweet Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization and Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Sweet Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization and Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhuo-ru Dai
- Key Laboratory of Sweet Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization and Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiao-feng Bian
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Institute of Food Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Sweet Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization and Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Institute of Food Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Li-cong Jia
- Key Laboratory of Sweet Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization and Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Institute of Grain and Oil Crops, Yantai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yantai 265500, China
| | - Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Sweet Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization and Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Qing-chang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Sweet Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization and Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hong Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Sweet Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization and Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shao-pei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Sweet Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization and Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ning Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Sweet Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization and Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shao-zhen He
- Key Laboratory of Sweet Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization and Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Hainan 572025, China
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Adachi S, Stata M, Martin DG, Cheng S, Liu H, Zhu XG, Sage RF. The Evolution of C4 Photosynthesis in Flaveria (Asteraceae): Insights from the Flaveria linearis Complex. Plant Physiol 2023; 191:233-251. [PMID: 36200882 PMCID: PMC9806627 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Flaveria is a leading model for C4 plant evolution due to the presence of a dozen C3-C4 intermediate species, many of which are associated with a phylogenetic complex centered around Flaveria linearis. To investigate C4 evolution in Flaveria, we updated the Flaveria phylogeny and evaluated gas exchange, starch δ13C, and activity of C4 cycle enzymes in 19 Flaveria species and 28 populations within the F. linearis complex. A principal component analysis identified six functional clusters: (1) C3, (2) sub-C2, (3) full C2, (4) enriched C2, (5) sub-C4, and (6) fully C4 species. The sub-C2 species lacked a functional C4 cycle, while a gradient was present in the C2 clusters from little to modest C4 cycle activity as indicated by δ13C and enzyme activities. Three Yucatan populations of F. linearis had photosynthetic CO2 compensation points equivalent to C4 plants but showed little evidence for an enhanced C4 cycle, indicating they have an optimized C2 pathway that recaptures all photorespired CO2 in the bundle sheath (BS) tissue. All C2 species had enhanced aspartate aminotransferase activity relative to C3 species and most had enhanced alanine aminotransferase activity. These aminotransferases form aspartate and alanine from glutamate and in doing so could help return photorespiratory nitrogen (N) from BS to mesophyll cells, preventing glutamate feedback onto photorespiratory N assimilation. Their use requires upregulation of parts of the C4 metabolic cycle to generate carbon skeletons to sustain N return to the mesophyll, and thus could facilitate the evolution of the full C4 photosynthetic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Adachi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Matt Stata
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, The University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S3B2, Canada
| | - Duncan G Martin
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Shifeng Cheng
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Hongbing Liu
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Xin-Guang Zhu
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute for Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Rowan F Sage
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, The University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S3B2, Canada
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Mubarak ANM, Mufeeth Mohammathu MM, Kumara ADNT. Will future maize improvement programs leverage the canopy light-interception, photosynthetic, and biomass capacities of traditional accessions? PeerJ 2023; 11:e15233. [PMID: 37131994 PMCID: PMC10149054 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Maize germplasm has greater latent potential to address the global food and feed crisis because of its high radiation, water and nutrient efficiencies. Photosynthetic and canopy architectural traits in maize are important in determining yield. The present study aimed to screen a subset of local maize accessions in Sri Lanka to evaluate their photosynthetic, biomass and yield related traits and to identify resource efficient germplasm. Experiments were carried out in the Ampara district of Sri Lanka. Eight maize accessions viz; SEU2, SEU6, SEU9, SEU10, SEU14, SEU15, SEU17 and SEU17 and two elite F1 cultivars (cv. Pacific-999 and cv. Bhadra) were analyzed under field conditions. Our results showed that maize genotypes produced a lower leaf area index (LAI) at the third and tenth week after field planting (WAP). However, the LAI was significantly increased in six WAP by Pacific-999, SEU2, SEU9, and SEU15. A similar trend was observed for percentage of light interception at three WAP (47%), six WAP (>64%), and decreased at 10 WAP. In addition, LAI maximum values were between 3.0 and 3.5, allowing 80% of the incident light to be intercepted by maize canopies. The estimated light extinction coefficient (k) remained lower (<0.5), suggesting that maize leaves are eractophilic canopies. Although fractional interception (f) varies, SEU2 and SEU9 had the highest values (0.57), and quantum yields of PSII (>0.73) in dark-adapted leaves. In addition, Pacific-999, SEU2, SEU9, and SEU17 had significantly higher rates of photosynthesis with minimal stomatal conductance and transpiration rates. As a result, they outperformed the control plants in terms of biomass, cob weight and grain yield. This suggests that native maize germplasm could be introduced as novel, less resource-intensive cultivars to sustain global food security.
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246
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Jay F, Brioudes F, Voinnet O. A contemporary reassessment of the enhanced transient expression system based on the tombusviral silencing suppressor protein P19. Plant J 2023; 113:186-204. [PMID: 36403224 PMCID: PMC10107623 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Transient transgenic expression accelerates pharming and facilitates protein studies in plants. One embodiment of the approach involves leaf infiltration of Agrobacterium strains whose T-DNA is engineered with the gene(s) of interest. However, gene expression during 'agro-infiltration' is intrinsically and universally impeded by the onset of post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS). Nearly 20 years ago, a simple method was developed, whereby co-expression of the tombusvirus-encoded P19 protein suppresses PTGS and thus enhances transient gene expression. Yet, how PTGS is activated and suppressed by P19 during the process has remained unclear to date. Here, we address these intertwined questions in a manner also rationalizing how vastly increased protein yields are achieved using a minimal viral replicon as a transient gene expression vector. We also explore, in side-by-side analyses, why some proteins do not accumulate to the expected high levels in the assay, despite vastly increased mRNA levels. We validate that enhanced co-expression of multiple constructs is achieved within the same transformed cells, and illustrate how the P19 system allows rapid protein purification for optimized downstream in vitro applications. Finally, we assess the suitability of the P19 system for subcellular localization studies - an originally unanticipated, yet increasingly popular application - and uncover shortcomings of this specific implement. In revisiting the P19 system using contemporary knowledge, this study sheds light onto its hitherto poorly understood mechanisms while further illustrating its versatility but also some of its limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Jay
- Department of BiologySwiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH‐Zürich)Universitätstrasse 28092ZürichSwitzerland
| | - Florian Brioudes
- Department of BiologySwiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH‐Zürich)Universitätstrasse 28092ZürichSwitzerland
| | - Olivier Voinnet
- Department of BiologySwiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH‐Zürich)Universitätstrasse 28092ZürichSwitzerland
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247
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Nasrullah N, Ahmad J, Saifi M, Shah IG, Nissar U, Quadri SN, Ashrafi K, Abdin MZ. Enhancement of diterpenoid steviol glycosides by co-overexpressing SrKO and SrUGT76G1 genes in Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0260085. [PMID: 36745615 PMCID: PMC9901802 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Stevia rebaudiana (stevia) contains commercially important steviol glycosides, stevioside and rebaudioside A, these compounds have insulinotropic and anti-hyperglycemic effect. Steviol, stevioside and rebaudioside-A have taste modulation and insulin potentiation activity. Stevia leaves are composed of steviol (2-5%), stevioside (4-13%) and rebaudioside-A (1-6%). Stevioside has after-taste bitterness, rebaudioside-A is sweetest in taste among all the glycosides present. Therefore, lower ratio of rebaudioside-A to stevioside has bitter after-taste, which makes stevia plants unpalatable. By over-expressing the genes, SrUGT76G1 and SrKO, we propose to increase the ratio of RebA to stevioside in stevia. Various lines were generated and amongst them, seven lines had both the transgenes present. Co-overxpresion of SrUGT76G1 and SrKO led to the increased concentration of RebA in all the seven transgenic lines (KU1-KU7) than control plant and RebA to stevioside ratio also increased significantly. Steviol, stevioside and RebA showed a differential concentration in all the seven lines, but the pattern was the same in all of them and the ratio of RebA to stevioside increased dramatically. In transgenic line 2 (KU2), RebA showed a steep increase in concentration 52% the rebaudioside-A to stevioside ratio increased from 0.74 (control) to 2.83. In overall all the lines, RebA showed a positive correlation with steviol and stevioside. Overexpression of SrKO led to an increase in steviol which increased the stevioside, overexpression of SrUGT76G1 ultimately increased RebA concentration. In conclusion, concentration of RebA increased significantly with co- overexpression of SrUGT6G1 and SrKO genes. Lines with increased RebA are more palatable and commercially viable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazima Nasrullah
- Department of Biotechnology, CTPD, School of Chemical and Lifesciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
- * E-mail: (MZA); (NN)
| | - Javed Ahmad
- Department of Biotechnology, CTPD, School of Chemical and Lifesciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Monica Saifi
- Department of Biotechnology, CTPD, School of Chemical and Lifesciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Irum Gul Shah
- Division of Genetics, IARI- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Umara Nissar
- Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Syed Naved Quadri
- Department of Biotechnology, CTPD, School of Chemical and Lifesciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Kudsiya Ashrafi
- Department of Biotechnology, CTPD, School of Chemical and Lifesciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Malik Zainul Abdin
- Department of Biotechnology, CTPD, School of Chemical and Lifesciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
- * E-mail: (MZA); (NN)
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248
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Oku H, Mutanda I, Inafuku M. Molecular characteristics of isoprene synthase and its control effects on isoprene emissions from tropical trees. J Plant Res 2023; 136:63-82. [PMID: 36367585 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-022-01418-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The isoprene emission rate from plants is simulated by a function of light intensity and leaf temperature, and the G-93 formula is the most extensively applied algorithm for this purpose. Isoprene is biosynthesized by the enzyme isoprene synthase (IspS), and instantly emitted from the leaf. Enzyme kinetics of IspS and substrate availability are important factors involved in the short-term leaf-level control of isoprene emissions. It is thus assumed that the parameters of G-93 may correlate with the kinetics of IspSs, however, at present there is no data available on the relationship between these two parameters. In this investigation, six IspS genes from tropical trees were cloned, their properties characterized, and the relationship between the enzyme kinetics of IspSs and the parameters of G-93 examined. There was a negative correlation between the enzyme kinetics of IspS Km and parameter CT1 of G93, which is used to define the temperature dependency of isoprene emissions. However, performance constant of IspS (kcat/Km) only showed slight positive correlation with CT1.suggesting that the enzyme kinetics of IspS has limited significance in controlling the temperature response of isoprene emissions. The molecular structure of IspS was further elucidated using a molecular dynamics simulation with a focus on the active site in the 6 α-helices bundle. The simulation of the enzyme-substrate complex of IspS from B. variegata predicted a new metal binding domain in helix F (E383) and catalytic motif FXRDRLXE in the A-C loop that could involve the deprotonation of dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMADP) to form a carbocation. Notably, after the binding of a metal ion and DMADP, the active-site closure mechanism was found to involve conformational alterations in the helix H-α1 and transition from a loose to tight enclosure of the 6 α-helices bundles to tune the active pocket size. The characteristics identified for the IspSs from tropical trees could help to explain regional isoprene emissions in tropical areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirosuke Oku
- Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan.
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan.
| | - Ishmael Mutanda
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Masashi Inafuku
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan
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249
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Dai W, Yu H, Liu K, Chengxu Y, Yan J, Zhang C, Xi N, Liu H, Xiangchen C, Zou C, Zhang M, Gao S, Pan G, Ma L, Shen Y. Combined linkage mapping and association analysis uncovers candidate genes for 25 leaf-related traits across three environments in maize. Theor Appl Genet 2023; 136:12. [PMID: 36662253 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-023-04285-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Combined linkage and association analysis revealed five co-localized genetic loci across multiple environments. The key gene Zm00001d026491 was further verified to influence leaf length by candidate gene association analysis. Leaf morphology and number determine the canopy structure and thus affect crop yield. Herein, the genetic basis and key genes for 25 leaf-related traits, including leaf lengths (LL), leaf widths (LW), and leaf areas (LA) of eight continuous leaves under the tassel, and the number of leaves above the primary ear (LAE), were dissected by using an association panel and a biparental population. Using an intermated B73 × Mo17 (IBM) Syn10 doubled haploid (DH) population, 290 quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling these traits were detected across different locations, among which 115 QTL were individually repeatedly identified in at least two environments. Using the association panel, 165 unique significant single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were associated with target traits (P < 2.15E-06), of which 35 were separately detected across multiple environments. In total, 42 pleiotropic QTL/SNPs (pQTL/SNPs) were responsible for at least two of the LL, LW, LA, and LAE traits across multiple environments. Combining the QTL mapping and association study, five unique SNPs were located within the confidence intervals of seven QTL, and 77 genes were identified based on the linkage disequilibrium regions of co-localized SNP loci. Gene-based association studies verified that the intragenic variants in the candidate gene Zm00001d026491 influenced LL of the third leaf counted from the top node. These findings will provide vital information to understanding the genetic basis of leaf-related traits and help to cultivate maize varieties with ideal plant architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Dai
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Hong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Kai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yujuan Chengxu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Jiaquan Yan
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Na Xi
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Chaoyang Xiangchen
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Chaoying Zou
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Minyan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Shibin Gao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Guangtang Pan
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Langlang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
| | - Yaou Shen
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
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250
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Li L, Jin Z, Huang R, Zhou J, Song F, Yao L, Li P, Lu W, Xiao L, Quan M, Zhang D, Du Q. Leaf physiology variations are modulated by natural variations that underlie stomatal morphology in Populus. Plant Cell Environ 2023; 46:150-170. [PMID: 36285358 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Stomata are essential for photosynthesis and abiotic stress tolerance. Here, we used multiomics approaches to dissect the genetic architecture and adaptive mechanisms that underlie stomatal morphology in Populus tomentosa juvenile natural population (303 accessions). We detected 46 candidate genes and 15 epistatic gene-pairs, associated with 5 stomatal morphologies and 18 leaf development and photosynthesis traits, through genome-wide association studies. Expression quantitative trait locus mapping revealed that stomata-associated gene loci were significantly associated with the expression of leaf-related genes; selective sweep analysis uncovered significant differentiation in the allele frequencies of genes that underlie stomatal variations. An allelic regulatory network operating under drought stress and adequate precipitation conditions, with three key regulators (DUF538, TRA2 and AbFH2) and eight interacting genes, was identified that might regulate leaf physiology via modulation of stomatal shape and density. Validation of candidate gene variations in drought-tolerant and F1 hybrid populations of P. tomentosa showed that the DUF538, TRA2 and AbFH2 loci cause functional stabilisation of spatiotemporal regulatory, whose favourable alleles can be faithfully transmitted to offspring. This study provides insights concerning leaf physiology and stress tolerance via the regulation of stomatal determination in perennial plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianzheng Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree breeding and Ecological restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P.R. China
- The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Zhuoying Jin
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree breeding and Ecological restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P.R. China
- The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Rui Huang
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree breeding and Ecological restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P.R. China
- The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jiaxuan Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree breeding and Ecological restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P.R. China
- The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Fangyuan Song
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree breeding and Ecological restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P.R. China
- The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Liangchen Yao
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree breeding and Ecological restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P.R. China
- The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Peng Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree breeding and Ecological restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P.R. China
- The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Wenjie Lu
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree breeding and Ecological restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P.R. China
- The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Liang Xiao
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree breeding and Ecological restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P.R. China
- The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Mingyang Quan
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree breeding and Ecological restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P.R. China
- The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Deqiang Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree breeding and Ecological restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P.R. China
- The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Qingzhang Du
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree breeding and Ecological restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P.R. China
- The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P.R. China
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