201
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Wang CC, Bajikar SS, Jamal L, Atkins KA, Janes KA. A time- and matrix-dependent TGFBR3-JUND-KRT5 regulatory circuit in single breast epithelial cells and basal-like premalignancies. Nat Cell Biol 2014; 16:345-56. [PMID: 24658685 PMCID: PMC4035356 DOI: 10.1038/ncb2930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Basal-like breast carcinoma is characterized by poor prognosis and high intratumour heterogeneity. In an immortalized basal-like breast epithelial cell line, we identified two anticorrelated gene-expression programs that arise among single extracellular matrix (ECM)-attached cells during organotypic three-dimensional culture. The first contains multiple TGF-β-related genes including TGFBR3, whereas the second contains JUND and the basal-like marker KRT5. TGFBR3 and JUND interconnect through four negative-feedback loops to form a circuit that exhibits spontaneous damped oscillations in three-dimensional culture. The TGFBR3-JUND circuit is conserved in some premalignant lesions that heterogeneously express KRT5. The circuit depends on ECM engagement, as detachment causes a rewiring that is triggered by RPS6 dephosphorylation and maintained by juxtacrine tenascin C, which is critical for intraductal colonization of basal-like breast cancer cells in vivo. Intratumour heterogeneity need not stem from partial differentiation and could instead reflect dynamic toggling of cells between expression states that are not cell autonomous.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/genetics
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/metabolism
- Cell Differentiation
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Epithelial Cells/cytology
- Epithelial Cells/metabolism
- Extracellular Matrix/metabolism
- Female
- Humans
- Keratin-5/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, SCID
- Phosphorylation
- Proteoglycans/genetics
- Proteoglycans/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun/metabolism
- RNA Interference
- RNA, Small Interfering
- Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta/genetics
- Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta/metabolism
- Ribosomal Protein S6/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Tenascin/metabolism
- Transcription, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Chao Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA
| | - Sameer S. Bajikar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA
| | - Leen Jamal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA
| | - Kristen A. Atkins
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA
| | - Kevin A. Janes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA
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202
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Yu M, Trobridge P, Wang Y, Kanngurn S, Morris SM, Knoblaugh S, Grady WM. Inactivation of TGF-β signaling and loss of PTEN cooperate to induce colon cancer in vivo. Oncogene 2014; 33:1538-47. [PMID: 23604118 PMCID: PMC3883899 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Revised: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The accumulation of genetic and epigenetic alterations mediates colorectal cancer (CRC) formation by deregulating key signaling pathways in cancer cells. In CRC, one of the most commonly inactivated signaling pathways is the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) signaling pathway, which is often inactivated by mutations of TGF-β type II receptor (TGFBR2). Another commonly deregulated pathway in CRC is the phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)-AKT pathway. Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) is an important negative regulator of PI3K-AKT signaling and is silenced in ∼30% of CRC. The combination of TGFBR2 inactivation and loss of PTEN is particularly common in microsatellite-unstable CRCs. Consequently, we determined in vivo if deregulation of these two pathways cooperates to affect CRC formation by analyzing tumors arising in mice that lack Tgfbr2 and/or Pten specifically in the intestinal epithelium. We found that lack of Tgfbr2 (Tgfbr2(IEKO)) alone is not sufficient for intestinal tumor formation and lack of Pten (Pten(IEKO)) alone had a weak effect on intestinal tumor induction. However, the combination of Tgfbr2 inactivation with Pten loss (Pten(IEKO);Tgfbr2(IEKO)) led to malignant tumors in both the small intestine and colon in 86% of the mice and to metastases in 8% of the tumor-bearing mice. Moreover, these tumors arose via a β-catenin-independent mechanism. Inactivation of TGF-β signaling and loss of Pten in the tumors led to increased cell proliferation, decreased apoptosis and decreased expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors. Thus, inactivation of TGF-β signaling and loss of PTEN cooperate to drive intestinal cancer formation and progression by suppressing cell cycle inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yu
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | | | - Yuxin Wang
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Medical School, Seattle, WA
| | - Samornmas Kanngurn
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
- Department of Pathology, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, Thailand
| | - Shelli M. Morris
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Sue Knoblaugh
- Comparative Medicine, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - William M. Grady
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Medical School, Seattle, WA
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203
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Bjerke GA, Pietrzak K, Melhuish TA, Frierson Jr. HF, Paschal BM, Wotton D. Prostate cancer induced by loss of Apc is restrained by TGFβ signaling. PLoS One 2014; 9:e92800. [PMID: 24651496 PMCID: PMC3961420 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent work with mouse models of prostate cancer (CaP) has shown that inactivation of TGFβ signaling in prostate epithelium can cooperate with deletion of the Pten tumor suppressor to drive locally aggressive cancer and metastatic disease. Here, we show that inactivating the TGFβ pathway by deleting the gene encoding the TGFβ type II receptor (Tgfbr2) in combination with a deletion of the Apc tumor suppressor gene specifically in mouse prostate epithelium, results in the rapid onset of invasive CaP. Micro-metastases were observed in the lymph nodes and lungs of a proportion of the double mutant mice, whereas no metastases were observed in Apc single mutant mice. Prostate-specific Apc;Tgfbr2 mutants had a lower frequency of metastasis and survived significantly longer than Pten;Tgfbr2 double mutants. However, all Apc;Tgfbr2 mutants developed invasive cancer by 30 weeks of age, whereas invasive cancer was rarely observed in Apc single mutant animals, even by one year of age. Further comparison of the Pten and Apc models of CaP revealed additional differences, including adenosquamous carcinoma in the Apc;Tgfbr2 mutants that was not seen in the Pten model, and a lack of robust induction of the TGFβ pathway in Apc null prostate. In addition to causing high-grade prostate intra-epithelial neoplasia (HGPIN), deletion of either Pten or Apc induced senescence in affected prostate ducts, and this restraint was overcome by loss of Tgfbr2. In summary, this work demonstrates that TGFβ signaling restrains the progression of CaP induced by different tumor suppressor mutations, suggesting that TGFβ signaling exerts a general tumor suppressive effect in prostate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glen A. Bjerke
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, and Center for Cell Signaling, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Karolina Pietrzak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, and Center for Cell Signaling, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
- Department of Cytobiochemistry, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Tiffany A. Melhuish
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, and Center for Cell Signaling, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Henry F. Frierson Jr.
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Bryce M. Paschal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, and Center for Cell Signaling, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - David Wotton
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, and Center for Cell Signaling, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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204
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Zhao TT, Zhang HJ, Lu XG, Huang XR, Zhang WK, Wang H, Lan HY, Li P. Chaihuang-Yishen granule inhibits diabetic kidney disease in rats through blocking TGF-β/Smad3 signaling. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90807. [PMID: 24646636 PMCID: PMC3960111 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Increasing evidence shows that TGF-β1 is a key mediator in diabetic nephropathy (DN) and induces renal fibrosis positively by Smad3 but negatively by Smad7. However, treatment of DN by blocking the TGF-β/Smad pathway remains limited. The present study investigated the anti-fibrotic effect of a traditional Chinese medicine, Chaihuang-Yishen granule (CHYS), on DN. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Protective role of CHYS in DN was examined in an accelerated type 1 DN induced by streptozotocin in uninephrectomized Wistar rats. CHYS, at a dose of 0.56 g/kg body weight, was administered by a daily gastric gavage for 20 weeks and the therapeutic effect and potential mechanisms of CHYS on diabetic kidney injury were examined. RESULTS Treatment with CHYS attenuated diabetic kidney injury by significantly inhibiting 24-h proteinuria and progressive renal fibrosis including glomerulosclerotic index, tubulointerstitial fibrosis index, and upregulation of extracellular matrix (collagen I, IV, and fibronectin), despite the same levels of blood glucose. Further studies revealed that inhibition of renal fibrosis in CHYS-treated diabetic rats was associated with inhibition of TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling as demonstrated by upregulation of Smad7 but downregulation of TGF-β1, TGF-β receptors, activation of Smad3, and expression of miRNA-21. CONCLUSIONS CHYS may be a therapeutic agent for DN. CHYS attenuates DN by blocking TGF-β/Smad3-mediated renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Ting Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Jun Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Guang Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Ru Huang
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR; and CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei Ku Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Yao Lan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR; and CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
- * E-mail: (HYL); (PL)
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (HYL); (PL)
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205
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Zheng Z, Lee KS, Zhang X, Nguyen C, Hsu C, Wang JZ, Rackohn TM, Enjamuri DR, Murphy M, Ting K, Soo C. Fibromodulin-deficiency alters temporospatial expression patterns of transforming growth factor-β ligands and receptors during adult mouse skin wound healing. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90817. [PMID: 24603701 PMCID: PMC3948369 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibromodulin (FMOD) is a small leucine-rich proteoglycan required for scarless fetal cutaneous wound repair. Interestingly, increased FMOD levels have been correlated with decreased transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 expression in multiple fetal and adult rodent models. Our previous studies demonstrated that FMOD-deficiency in adult animals results in delayed wound closure and increased scar size accompanied by loose package collagen fiber networks with increased fibril diameter. In addition, we found that FMOD modulates in vitro expression and activities of TGF-β ligands in an isoform-specific manner. In this study, temporospatial expression profiles of TGF-β ligands and receptors in FMOD-null and wild-type (WT) mice were compared by immunohistochemical staining and quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction using a full-thickness, primary intention wound closure model. During the inflammatory stage, elevated inflammatory infiltration accompanied by increased type I TGF-β receptor levels in individual inflammatory cells was observed in FMOD-null wounds. This increased inflammation was correlated with accelerated epithelial migration during the proliferative stage. On the other hand, significantly more robust expression of TGF-β3 and TGF-β receptors in FMOD-null wounds during the proliferative stage was associated with delayed dermal cell migration and proliferation, which led to postponed granulation tissue formation and wound closure and increased scar size. Compared with WT controls, expression of TGF-β ligands and receptors by FMOD-null dermal cells was markedly reduced during the remodeling stage, which may have contributed to the declined collagen synthesis capability and unordinary collagen architecture. Taken together, this study demonstrates that a single missing gene, FMOD, leads to conspicuous alternations in TGF-β ligand and receptor expression at all stages of wound repair in various cell types. Therefore, FMOD critically coordinates temporospatial distribution of TGF-β ligands and receptors in vivo, suggesting that FMOD modulates TGF-β bioactivity in a complex way beyond simple physical binding to promote proper wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Zheng
- Dental and Craniofacial Research Institute and Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Kevin S. Lee
- Dental and Craniofacial Research Institute and Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Xinli Zhang
- Dental and Craniofacial Research Institute and Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Calvin Nguyen
- Dental and Craniofacial Research Institute and Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Chingyun Hsu
- Dental and Craniofacial Research Institute and Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Joyce Z. Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, State University of New York Downstate/Kings Country Hospital Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Todd Matthew Rackohn
- Dental and Craniofacial Research Institute and Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Dwarak Reddy Enjamuri
- Department of Psychobiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Maxwell Murphy
- Dental and Craniofacial Research Institute and Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Kang Ting
- Dental and Craniofacial Research Institute and Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Chia Soo
- UCLA and Orthopaedic Hospital Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and the Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
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206
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Daehn I, Casalena G, Zhang T, Shi S, Fenninger F, Barasch N, Yu L, D'Agati V, Schlondorff D, Kriz W, Haraldsson B, Bottinger EP. Endothelial mitochondrial oxidative stress determines podocyte depletion in segmental glomerulosclerosis. J Clin Invest 2014; 124:1608-21. [PMID: 24590287 DOI: 10.1172/jci71195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Focal segmental glomerular sclerosis (FSGS) is a primary kidney disease that is commonly associated with proteinuria and progressive loss of glomerular function, leading to development of chronic kidney disease (CKD). FSGS is characterized by podocyte injury and depletion and collapse of glomerular capillary segments. Progression of FSGS is associated with TGF-β activation in podocytes; however, it is not clear how TGF-β signaling promotes disease. Here, we determined that podocyte-specific activation of TGF-β signaling in transgenic mice and BALB/c mice with Adriamycin-induced glomerulosclerosis is associated with endothelin-1 (EDN1) release by podocytes, which mediates mitochondrial oxidative stress and dysfunction in adjacent endothelial cells via paracrine EDN1 receptor type A (EDNRA) activation. Endothelial dysfunction promoted podocyte apoptosis, and inhibition of EDNRA or scavenging of mitochondrial-targeted ROS prevented podocyte loss, albuminuria, glomerulosclerosis, and renal failure. We confirmed reciprocal crosstalk between podocytes and endothelial cells in a coculture system. Biopsies from patients with FSGS exhibited increased mitochondrial DNA damage, consistent with EDNRA-mediated glomerular endothelial mitochondrial oxidative stress. Our studies indicate that segmental glomerulosclerosis develops as a result of podocyte-endothelial crosstalk mediated by EDN1/EDNRA-dependent mitochondrial dysfunction and suggest that targeting the reciprocal interaction between podocytes and endothelia may provide opportunities for therapeutic intervention in FSGS.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Line
- Disease Models, Animal
- Endothelin-1/genetics
- Endothelin-1/metabolism
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Endothelium, Vascular/pathology
- Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental/genetics
- Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental/metabolism
- Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental/pathology
- Humans
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Transgenic
- Mitochondria/metabolism
- Models, Biological
- Oxidative Stress
- Podocytes/metabolism
- Podocytes/pathology
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptor, Endothelin A/genetics
- Receptor, Endothelin A/metabolism
- Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type I
- Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta/genetics
- Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Transforming Growth Factor beta/metabolism
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207
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He X, Fang J, Li J, Qu B, Ren Y, Ma W, Zhao X, Li B, Wang D, Li Z, Tong Y. A genotypic difference in primary root length is associated with the inhibitory role of transforming growth factor-beta receptor-interacting protein-1 on root meristem size in wheat. Plant J 2014; 77:931-43. [PMID: 24467344 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Revised: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Previously we identified a major quantitative trait locus (QTL) qTaLRO-B1 for primary root length (PRL) in wheat. Here we compare proteomics in the roots of the qTaLRO-B1 QTL isolines 178A, with short PRL and small meristem size, and 178B, with long PRL and large meristem size. A total of 16 differentially expressed proteins were identified: one, transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta receptor-interacting protein-1 (TaTRIP1), was enriched in 178A, while various peroxidases (PODs) were more abundantly expressed in 178B. The 178A roots showed higher TaTRIP1 expression and lower levels of the unphosphorylated form of the brassinosteroid (BR) signaling component BZR1, lower expression of POD genes and reduced POD activity and accumulation of the superoxide anion O2(-) in the root elongation zone compared with the 178B roots. Low levels of 24-epibrassinolide increased POD gene expression and root meristem size, and rescued the short PRL phenotype of 178A. TaTRIP1 directly interacted with the BR receptor TaBRI1 of wheat. Moreover, overexpressing TaTRIP1 in Arabidopsis reduced the abundance of unphosphorylated BZR1 protein, altered the expression of BR-responsive genes, inhibited POD activity and accumulation of the O2(-) in the root tip and inhibited root meristem size. Our data suggested that TaTRIP1 is involved in BR signaling and inhibited root meristem size, possibly by reducing POD activity and accumulation of O2(-) in the root tip. We further demonstrated a negative correlation between the level of TaTRIP1 mRNA and PRL of landraces and modern wheat varieties, providing a valuable insight for better understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying the genotypic differences in root morphology of wheat in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue He
- State Key Laboratory for Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
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208
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Knelson EH, Gaviglio AL, Tewari AK, Armstrong MB, Mythreye K, Blobe GC. Type III TGF-β receptor promotes FGF2-mediated neuronal differentiation in neuroblastoma. J Clin Invest 2014; 123:4786-98. [PMID: 24216509 DOI: 10.1172/jci69657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth factors and their receptors coordinate neuronal differentiation during development, yet their roles in the pediatric tumor neuroblastoma remain unclear. Comparison of mRNA from benign neuroblastic tumors and neuroblastomas revealed that expression of the type III TGF-β receptor (TGFBR3) decreases with advancing stage of neuroblastoma and this loss correlates with a poorer prognosis. Patients with MYCN oncogene amplification and low TGFBR3 expression were more likely to have an adverse outcome. In vitro, TβRIII expression was epigenetically suppressed by MYCN-mediated recruitment of histone deacetylases to regions of the TGFBR3 promoter. TβRIII bound FGF2 and exogenous FGFR1, which promoted neuronal differentiation of neuroblastoma cells. TβRIII and FGF2 cooperated to induce expression of the transcription factor inhibitor of DNA binding 1 via Erk MAPK. TβRIII-mediated neuronal differentiation suppressed cell proliferation in vitro as well as tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. These studies characterize a coreceptor function for TβRIII in FGF2-mediated neuronal differentiation, while identifying potential therapeutic targets and clinical biomarkers for neuroblastoma.
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209
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Shen J, Li J, Wang B, Jin H, Wang M, Zhang Y, Yang Y, Im HJ, O'Keefe R, Chen D. Deletion of the transforming growth factor β receptor type II gene in articular chondrocytes leads to a progressive osteoarthritis-like phenotype in mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 65:3107-19. [PMID: 23982761 DOI: 10.1002/art.38122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2012] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE While transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) signaling plays a critical role in chondrocyte metabolism, the TGFβ signaling pathways and target genes involved in cartilage homeostasis and the development of osteoarthritis (OA) remain unclear. Using an in vitro cell culture method and an in vivo mouse genetic approach, we undertook this study to investigate TGFβ signaling in chondrocytes and to determine whether Mmp13 and Adamts5 are critical downstream target genes of TGFβ signaling. METHODS TGFβ receptor type II (TGFβRII)-conditional knockout (KO) (TGFβRII(Col2ER)) mice were generated by breeding TGFβRII(flox/flox) mice with Col2-CreER-transgenic mice. Histologic, histomorphometric, and gene expression analyses were performed. In vitro TGFβ signaling studies were performed using chondrogenic rat chondrosarcoma cells. To determine whether Mmp13 and Adamts5 are critical downstream target genes of TGFβ signaling, TGFβRII/matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP-13)- and TGFβRII/ADAMTS-5-double-KO mice were generated and analyzed. RESULTS Inhibition of TGFβ signaling (deletion of the Tgfbr2 gene in chondrocytes) resulted in up-regulation of Runx2, Mmp13, and Adamts5 expression in articular cartilage tissue and progressive OA development in TGFβRII(Col2ER) mice. Deletion of the Mmp13 or Adamts5 gene significantly ameliorated the OA-like phenotype induced by the loss of TGFβ signaling. Treatment of TGFβRII(Col2ER) mice with an MMP-13 inhibitor also slowed OA progression. CONCLUSION Mmp13 and Adamts5 are critical downstream target genes involved in the TGFβ signaling pathway during the development of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Shen
- Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois; University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, New York
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210
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Wang E, Wang Z, Liu S, Gu H, Gong D, Hua K, Nie Y, Wang J, Wang H, Gong J, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Liu R, Hu S, Zhang H. Polymorphisms of VEGF, TGFβ1, TGFβR2 and conotruncal heart defects in a Chinese population. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:1763-70. [PMID: 24443223 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3025-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Enshi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital & Cardiovascular Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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211
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Pasche B, Pennison MJ, Jimenez H, Wang M. TGFBR1 and cancer susceptibility. Trans Am Clin Climatol Assoc 2014; 125:300-312. [PMID: 25125747 PMCID: PMC4112675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) is a potent inhibitor of cell growth. TGFBR1 6A is a polymorphism consisting of a 9-base pair in-frame deletion within exon 1 of the type I TGF-β receptor (TGFBR1), which results in a receptor with decreased TGF-β signaling capability. The discovery of an association between TGFBR1*6A and cancer susceptibility led to the hypothesis that hypomorphic variants of the TGF-β signaling pathway may predispose to the development of cancer. This hypothesis was tested in vivo with the development of a mouse model of Tgfbr1 haploinsufficiency. Tgfbr1 (+/-) mice developed twice as many intestinal tumors as Tgfbr1 (+/+). Tgfbr1 haploinsufficiency was also associated with early onset adenocarcinoma and increased tumor cell proliferation. A case control study identified two haplotypes associated with constitutively decreased TGFBR1 and substantially increased colorectal cancer risk indicating that TGFBR1 may act as a potent modifier of cancer risk.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Biomarkers, Tumor/deficiency
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/metabolism
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/pathology
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Humans
- Mice, Knockout
- Neoplasms/genetics
- Neoplasms/metabolism
- Neoplasms/pathology
- Phenotype
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/deficiency
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
- Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type I
- Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta/deficiency
- Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta/genetics
- Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta/metabolism
- Risk Factors
- Signal Transduction
- Transforming Growth Factor beta/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Pasche
- Correspondence and reprint requests: Boris Pasche, MD, PhD,
Department of Cancer Biology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University, Medical Center Blvd, Winston Salem, NC 27157-1082336-716-7971336-716-0293
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Wheeler JB, Ikonomidis JS, Jones JA. Connective tissue disorders and cardiovascular complications: the indomitable role of transforming growth factor-beta signaling. Adv Exp Med Biol 2014; 802:107-27. [PMID: 24443024 PMCID: PMC4410689 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-7893-1_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Marfan Syndrome (MFS) and Loeys-Dietz Syndrome (LDS) represent heritable connective tissue disorders that cosegregate with a similar pattern of cardiovascular defects (thoracic aortic aneurysm, mitral valve prolapse/regurgitation, and aortic root dilatation with regurgitation). This pattern of cardiovascular defects appears to be expressed along a spectrum of severity in many heritable connective tissue disorders and raises suspicion of a relationship between the normal development of connective tissues and the cardiovascular system. Given the evidence of increased transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) signaling in MFS and LDS, this signaling pathway may represent the common link in this relationship. To further explore this hypothetical link, this chapter will review the TGF-β signaling pathway, heritable connective tissue syndromes related to TGF-β receptor (TGFBR) mutations, and discuss the pathogenic contribution of TGF-β to these syndromes with a primary focus on the cardiovascular system.
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MESH Headings
- Adrenergic beta-Antagonists/therapeutic use
- Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/pharmacology
- Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic/drug therapy
- Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic/genetics
- Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic/pathology
- Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic/surgery
- Aortic Valve/pathology
- Aortic Valve/surgery
- Bicuspid Aortic Valve Disease
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Heart Defects, Congenital/drug therapy
- Heart Defects, Congenital/genetics
- Heart Defects, Congenital/pathology
- Heart Defects, Congenital/surgery
- Heart Valve Diseases/drug therapy
- Heart Valve Diseases/genetics
- Heart Valve Diseases/pathology
- Heart Valve Diseases/surgery
- Humans
- Loeys-Dietz Syndrome/drug therapy
- Loeys-Dietz Syndrome/genetics
- Loeys-Dietz Syndrome/pathology
- Loeys-Dietz Syndrome/surgery
- Marfan Syndrome/drug therapy
- Marfan Syndrome/genetics
- Marfan Syndrome/pathology
- Marfan Syndrome/surgery
- Mutation
- Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta/genetics
- Signal Transduction/genetics
- Smad Proteins/genetics
- Transforming Growth Factor beta/antagonists & inhibitors
- Transforming Growth Factor beta/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason B. Wheeler
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina
| | - John S. Ikonomidis
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina
| | - Jeffrey A. Jones
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina
- Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC
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213
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Gallo EM, Loch DC, Habashi JP, Calderon JF, Chen Y, Bedja D, van Erp C, Gerber EE, Parker SJ, Sauls K, Judge DP, Cooke SK, Lindsay ME, Rouf R, Myers L, ap Rhys CM, Kent KC, Norris RA, Huso DL, Dietz HC. Angiotensin II-dependent TGF-β signaling contributes to Loeys-Dietz syndrome vascular pathogenesis. J Clin Invest 2013; 124:448-60. [PMID: 24355923 DOI: 10.1172/jci69666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS) is a connective tissue disorder that is characterized by a high risk for aneurysm and dissection throughout the arterial tree and phenotypically resembles Marfan syndrome. LDS is caused by heterozygous missense mutations in either TGF-β receptor gene (TGFBR1 or TGFBR2), which are predicted to result in diminished TGF-β signaling; however, aortic surgical samples from patients show evidence of paradoxically increased TGF-β signaling. We generated 2 knockin mouse strains with LDS mutations in either Tgfbr1 or Tgfbr2 and a transgenic mouse overexpressing mutant Tgfbr2. Knockin and transgenic mice, but not haploinsufficient animals, recapitulated the LDS phenotype. While heterozygous mutant cells had diminished signaling in response to exogenous TGF-β in vitro, they maintained normal levels of Smad2 phosphorylation under steady-state culture conditions, suggesting a chronic compensation. Analysis of TGF-β signaling in the aortic wall in vivo revealed progressive upregulation of Smad2 phosphorylation and TGF-β target gene output, which paralleled worsening of aneurysm pathology and coincided with upregulation of TGF-β1 ligand expression. Importantly, suppression of Smad2 phosphorylation and TGF-β1 expression correlated with the therapeutic efficacy of the angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist losartan. Together, these data suggest that increased TGF-β signaling contributes to postnatal aneurysm progression in LDS.
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MESH Headings
- Angiotensin II/physiology
- Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers/therapeutic use
- Animals
- Aorta/pathology
- Aortic Aneurysm/metabolism
- Aortic Aneurysm/prevention & control
- Cells, Cultured
- Disease Progression
- Female
- Haploinsufficiency
- Humans
- Loeys-Dietz Syndrome/drug therapy
- Loeys-Dietz Syndrome/metabolism
- Loeys-Dietz Syndrome/pathology
- Losartan/therapeutic use
- Mice
- Mice, 129 Strain
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Mutation, Missense
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Phenotype
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
- Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type I
- Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type II
- Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta/genetics
- Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Smad2 Protein/metabolism
- Transforming Growth Factor beta/metabolism
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214
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Yamanaka O, Yuan Y, Coulson-Thomas VJ, Gesteira TF, Call MK, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Chang SH, Xie C, Liu CY, Saika S, Jester JV, Kao WWY. Lumican binds ALK5 to promote epithelium wound healing. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82730. [PMID: 24367547 PMCID: PMC3867403 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Lumican (Lum), a small leucine-rich proteoglycan (SLRP) family member, has multiple matricellular functions both as an extracellular matrix component and as a matrikine regulating cell proliferation, gene expression and wound healing. To date, no cell surface receptor has been identified to mediate the matrikine functions of Lum. This study aimed to identify a perspective receptor that mediates Lum effects on promoting wound healing. Transforming growth factor-β receptor 1 (ALK5) was identified as a potential Lum-interacting protein through in silico molecular docking and molecular dynamics. This finding was verified by biochemical pull-down assays. Moreover, the Lum function on wound healing was abrogated by an ALK5-specific chemical inhibitor as well as by ALK5 shRNAi. Finally, we demonstrated that eukaryote-specific post-translational modifications are not required for the wound healing activity of Lum, as recombinant GST-Lum fusion proteins purified from E. coli and a chemically synthesized LumC13 peptide (the last C-terminal 13 amino acids of Lum) have similar effects on wound healing in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Yamanaka
- Deparment of Ophthalmology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Yong Yuan
- Deparment of Ophthalmology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | | | - Tarsis Ferreira Gesteira
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Mindy K. Call
- Deparment of Ophthalmology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Yujin Zhang
- Deparment of Ophthalmology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Deparment of Ophthalmology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Shao-Hsuan Chang
- Deparment of Ophthalmology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Changchun Xie
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Chia-Yang Liu
- Deparment of Ophthalmology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Shizuya Saika
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wakayama Medical College, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama, Japan
| | - James V. Jester
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, Ophthalmology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Winston W-Y Kao
- Deparment of Ophthalmology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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215
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Campens L, Renard M, Callewaert B, Coucke P, De Backer J, De Paepe A. New insights into the molecular diagnosis and management of heritable thoracic aortic aneurysms and dissections. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 123:693-700. [PMID: 24343123 DOI: 10.20452/pamw.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Since the identification of the fibrillin‑1 gene as the causal gene for Marfan syndrome, our knowledge of molecular genetics and the applicability of genetic testing for heritable thoracic aneurysms and dissections (H-TAD) in clinical practice have increased substantially. Several new syndromes related to H-TAD have been described and the list of mutated genes in syndromal and nonsyndromal H-TAD is rapidly expanding. This knowledge has led to a significant improvement of our insight into the underlying pathophysiology of H-TAD resulting in new opportunities for targeted treatment, as well as in improved risk stratification. Clinicians involved in the care for H-TAD patients require a basic knowledge of the disease entities and need to be correctly informed on the applicability of genetic testing in their patients and families. Gene‑tailored treatment and management should now be considered as part of good clinical practice. We provide a systematic overview of genetic H-TAD entities and practical recommendations for genetic testing and patient management.
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216
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Abstract
Marfan syndrome is an autosomal dominantly inherited connective tissue disorder with a prevalence of approximately 1:5000 people. Typical manifestations affect the cardiovascular system, eyes, skeleton, lungs, skin and dura mater. Most patients have a so-called marfanoid habitus with tall stature, long and narrow limbs, a long and narrow head shape and other skeletal abnormalities. Of particular medical importance are the possible complications such as severe scoliosis or pectus excavatum, spontaneous pneumothorax, retinal detachment, or an acute glaucoma evoked by lens luxation. However, the most dangerous complication is acute dissection of the ascending aorta, which is usually the result of a slowly progressive aortic dilatation. With the introduction of therapies the average life expectancy of previously just 32 years could be raised to above 60 years.
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217
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Felgentreff K, Siepe M, Kotthoff S, von Kodolitsch Y, Schachtrup K, Notarangelo LD, Walter JE, Ehl S. Severe eczema and Hyper-IgE in Loeys-Dietz-syndrome - contribution to new findings of immune dysregulation in connective tissue disorders. Clin Immunol 2013; 150:43-50. [PMID: 24333532 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2013.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Revised: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS) is a connective tissue disorder caused by monoallelic mutations in TGFBR1 and TGFBR2, which encode for subunits of the transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) receptor. Affected patients are identified by vascular aneurysms with tortuosity and distinct morphological presentations similar to Marfan syndrome; however, an additional predisposition towards asthma and allergy has recently been found. We describe two patients with a novel missense mutation in TGFBR1 presenting with highly elevated levels of IgE and severe eczema similar to autosomal-dominant Hyper-IgE syndrome (HIES). Mild allergic manifestations with normal up to moderately increased IgE were observed in 3 out of 6 additional LDS patients. A comparison of this cohort with 4 HIES patients illustrates the significant overlap of both syndromes including eczema and elevated IgE as well as skeletal and connective tissue manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Felgentreff
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Center of Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Matthias Siepe
- University Heart Center Freiburg Bad Krozingen, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Kotthoff
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Kristina Schachtrup
- Center of Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Luigi D Notarangelo
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jolan E Walter
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephan Ehl
- Center of Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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218
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Georgopoulos NA, Karagiannidou E, Koika V, Roupas ND, Armeni A, Marioli D, Papadakis E, Welt CK, Panidis D. Increased frequency of the anti-mullerian-inhibiting hormone receptor 2 (AMHR2) 482 A>G polymorphism in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: relationship to luteinizing hormone levels. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2013; 98:E1866-70. [PMID: 23969185 PMCID: PMC5399526 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2013-2458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common and complex disease without a clear pattern of inheritance. Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) has an inhibitory effect on FSH-stimulated follicle growth. Serum AMH levels are higher in women with PCOS than in normo-ovulatory women. The elevated AMH levels may reflect abnormalities in AMH signaling. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association of the anti-Müllerian hormone receptor 2 (AMHR2) -482 A>G polymorphism (rs2002555) with the pathophysiology of PCOS. DESIGN AMHR2 -482 A>G polymorphism genotyping were performed in a large cohort of women with PCOS and in a healthy control group. SETTING/SUBJECTS A total of 858 Caucasian Greek women with PCOS and 309 healthy control women were studied. INTERVENTIONS Genotyping and hormonal measurements were preformed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Hormone levels in women with PCOS were analyzed. RESULTS The AMHR2 polymorphism was more common in women with PCOS than in control women (P = .026). Homozygous AMHR2 -482 A>G gene polymorphisms (GG) were associated with decreased levels of LH (P = .003) and lower LH to FSH ratios (P = .01) in women with PCOS, as well as with lower prolactin levels (P = .004). No other associations related to AMHR2 -482 A>G polymorphisms were observed in women with PCOS or control women. CONCLUSION In this study, the role of the AMHR2 -482 A>G gene polymorphism in the pathogenesis of PCOS was suggested by the association of the variant with PCOS risk. Thus, further research is needed to elucidate a possible association of the AMHR2 -482 A>G gene polymorphism with AMH signaling and impaired ovarian function and its clinical significance in women with PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neoklis A Georgopoulos
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology, University of Patras Medical School, University Hospital, 26500 Patras, Greece.
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219
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Derrett-Smith EC, Dooley A, Gilbane AJ, Trinder SL, Khan K, Baliga R, Holmes AM, Hobbs AJ, Abraham D, Denton CP. Endothelial injury in a transforming growth factor β-dependent mouse model of scleroderma induces pulmonary arterial hypertension. Arthritis Rheum 2013; 65:2928-39. [PMID: 23839959 DOI: 10.1002/art.38078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2012] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To delineate the constitutive pulmonary vascular phenotype of the TβRIIΔk-fib mouse model of scleroderma, and to selectively induce pulmonary endothelial cell injury using vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibition to develop a model with features characteristic of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). METHODS The TβRIIΔk-fib mouse strain expresses a kinase-deficient transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) receptor type II driven by a fibroblast-specific promoter, leading to ligand-dependent up-regulation of TGFβ signaling, and replicates key fibrotic features of scleroderma. Structural, biochemical, and functional assessments of pulmonary vessels, including in vivo hemodynamic studies, were performed before and following VEGF inhibition, which induced pulmonary endothelial cell apoptosis. These assessments included biochemical analysis of the TGFβ and VEGF signaling axes in tissue sections and explanted smooth muscle cells. RESULTS In the TβRIIΔk-fib mouse strain, a constitutive pulmonary vasculopathy with medial thickening, a perivascular proliferating chronic inflammatory cell infiltrate, and mildly elevated pulmonary artery pressure resembled the well-described chronic hypoxia model of pulmonary hypertension. Following administration of SU5416, the pulmonary vascular phenotype was more florid, with pulmonary arteriolar luminal obliteration by apoptosis-resistant proliferating endothelial cells. These changes resulted in right ventricular hypertrophy, confirming hemodynamically significant PAH. Altered expression of TGFβ and VEGF ligand and receptor was consistent with a scleroderma phenotype. CONCLUSION In this study, we replicated key features of systemic sclerosis-related PAH in a mouse model. Our results suggest that pulmonary endothelial cell injury in a genetically susceptible mouse strain triggers this complication and support the underlying role of functional interplay between TGFβ and VEGF, which provides insight into the pathogenesis of this disease.
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MESH Headings
- Angiogenesis Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Animals
- Disease Models, Animal
- Endothelium, Vascular/physiopathology
- Familial Primary Pulmonary Hypertension
- Female
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/etiology
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/genetics
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/physiopathology
- Hypoxia/genetics
- Hypoxia/physiopathology
- Indoles/pharmacology
- Lac Operon
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Phenotype
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
- Pulmonary Circulation/physiology
- Pyrroles/pharmacology
- Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type II
- Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta/genetics
- Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta/metabolism
- Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor/antagonists & inhibitors
- Scleroderma, Systemic/complications
- Scleroderma, Systemic/genetics
- Scleroderma, Systemic/physiopathology
- Signal Transduction/physiology
- Transforming Growth Factor beta/metabolism
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220
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Cieslik KA, Trial J, Crawford JR, Taffet GE, Entman ML. Adverse fibrosis in the aging heart depends on signaling between myeloid and mesenchymal cells; role of inflammatory fibroblasts. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2013; 70:56-63. [PMID: 24184998 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2013.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Revised: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Aging has been associated with adverse fibrosis. Here we formulate a new hypothesis and present new evidence that unresponsiveness of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and fibroblasts to transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), due to reduced expression of TGF-β receptor I (TβRI), provides a foundation for cardiac fibrosis in the aging heart via two mechanisms. 1) TGF-β promotes expression of Nanog, a transcription factor that retains MSC in a primitive state. In MSC derived from the aging heart, Nanog expression is reduced and therefore MSC gradually differentiate and the number of mesenchymal fibroblasts expressing collagen increases. 2) As TGF-β signaling pathway components negatively regulate transcription of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), a reduced expression of TβRI prevents aging mesenchymal cells from shutting down their own MCP-1 expression. Elevated MCP-1 levels that originated from MSC attract transendothelial migration of mononuclear leukocytes from blood to the tissue. MCP-1 expressed by mesenchymal fibroblasts promotes further migration of monocytes and T lymphocytes away from the endothelial barrier and supports the monocyte transition into macrophages and finally into myeloid fibroblasts. Both myeloid and mesenchymal fibroblasts contribute to fibrosis in the aging heart via collagen synthesis. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Myocyte-Fibroblast Signalling in Myocardium ".
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna A Cieslik
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences and the DeBakey Heart Center, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, and Houston Methodist, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - JoAnn Trial
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences and the DeBakey Heart Center, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, and Houston Methodist, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Crawford
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences and the DeBakey Heart Center, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, and Houston Methodist, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - George E Taffet
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences and the DeBakey Heart Center, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, and Houston Methodist, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mark L Entman
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences and the DeBakey Heart Center, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, and Houston Methodist, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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221
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Sun ZJ, Zhang L, Zhang W, Hall B, Bian Y, Kulkarni AB. Inhibition of mTOR reduces anal carcinogenesis in transgenic mouse model. PLoS One 2013; 8:e74888. [PMID: 24124460 PMCID: PMC3790781 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanism of human anal squamous cell carcinoma (ASCC) is unclear, and the accumulating evidence indicate association of ASCC with the activation of the Akt/mTOR pathway. Here we describe a mouse model with spontaneous anal squamous cell cancer, wherein a combined deletion of Tgfbr1 and Pten in stratified squamous epithelia was induced using inducible K14-Cre. Histopathologic analyses confirmed that 33.3% of the mice showed increased susceptibility to ASCC and precancerous lesions. Biomarker analyses demonstrated that the activation of the Akt pathway in ASCC of the Tgfbr1 and Pten double knockout (2cKO) mouse was similar to that observed in human anal cancer. Chemopreventive experiments using mTOR inhibitor-rapamycin treatment significantly delayed the onset of the ASCC tumors and reduced the tumor burden in 2cKO mice by decreasing the phosphorylation of Akt and S6. This is the first conditional knockout mouse model used for investigating the contributions of viral and cellular factors in anal carcinogenesis without carcinogen-mediated induction, and it would provide a platform for assessing new therapeutic modalities for treating and/or preventing this type of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Jun Sun
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Functional Genomics Section, Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail: (ABK); (ZJS)
| | - Lu Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Functional Genomics Section, Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Wei Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bradford Hall
- Functional Genomics Section, Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Yansong Bian
- Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institute of Deafness and Other Communicative Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ashok B. Kulkarni
- Functional Genomics Section, Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail: (ABK); (ZJS)
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222
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Fang Z, Cai T, Li K, Yu J, Luo Y, Qian S, Xu J, Xiao G, Wu N, Zhao H. Expression of messenger RNA for transforming growth factor-beta1 and for transforming growth factor-beta receptors in peripheral blood of immune thrombocytopenic purpura. Platelets 2013; 24:250-2. [PMID: 22646922 DOI: 10.3109/09537104.2012.682105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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223
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Hanks BA, Holtzhausen A, Evans KS, Jamieson R, Gimpel P, Campbell OM, Hector-Greene M, Sun L, Tewari A, George A, Starr M, Nixon A, Augustine C, Beasley G, Tyler DS, Osada T, Morse MA, Ling L, Lyerly HK, Blobe GC. Type III TGF-β receptor downregulation generates an immunotolerant tumor microenvironment. J Clin Invest 2013; 123:3925-40. [PMID: 23925295 PMCID: PMC3754240 DOI: 10.1172/jci65745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancers subvert the host immune system to facilitate disease progression. These evolved immunosuppressive mechanisms are also implicated in circumventing immunotherapeutic strategies. Emerging data indicate that local tumor-associated DC populations exhibit tolerogenic features by promoting Treg development; however, the mechanisms by which tumors manipulate DC and Treg function in the tumor microenvironment remain unclear. Type III TGF-β receptor (TGFBR3) and its shed extracellular domain (sTGFBR3) regulate TGF-β signaling and maintain epithelial homeostasis, with loss of TGFBR3 expression promoting progression early in breast cancer development. Using murine models of breast cancer and melanoma, we elucidated a tumor immunoevasion mechanism whereby loss of tumor-expressed TGFBR3/sTGFBR3 enhanced TGF-β signaling within locoregional DC populations and upregulated both the immunoregulatory enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) in plasmacytoid DCs and the CCL22 chemokine in myeloid DCs. Alterations in these DC populations mediated Treg infiltration and the suppression of antitumor immunity. Our findings provide mechanistic support for using TGF-β inhibitors to enhance the efficacy of tumor immunotherapy, indicate that sTGFBR3 levels could serve as a predictive immunotherapy biomarker, and expand the mechanisms by which TGFBR3 suppresses cancer progression to include effects on the tumor immune microenvironment.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Chemokine CCL22/metabolism
- Dendritic Cells/immunology
- Dendritic Cells/metabolism
- Down-Regulation
- Female
- Humans
- Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase/metabolism
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/immunology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/metabolism
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Melanoma, Experimental/immunology
- Melanoma, Experimental/metabolism
- Melanoma, Experimental/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Neoplasm Transplantation
- Proteoglycans/genetics
- Proteoglycans/metabolism
- Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta/genetics
- Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta/metabolism
- Transforming Growth Factor beta/metabolism
- Tumor Escape
- Tumor Microenvironment/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Brent A. Hanks
- Department of Medicine and
Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Berlin, Germany.
Medical Scientist Training Program, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Biogen Idec Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Alisha Holtzhausen
- Department of Medicine and
Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Berlin, Germany.
Medical Scientist Training Program, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Biogen Idec Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Katherine S. Evans
- Department of Medicine and
Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Berlin, Germany.
Medical Scientist Training Program, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Biogen Idec Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Rebekah Jamieson
- Department of Medicine and
Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Berlin, Germany.
Medical Scientist Training Program, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Biogen Idec Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Petra Gimpel
- Department of Medicine and
Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Berlin, Germany.
Medical Scientist Training Program, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Biogen Idec Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Olivia M. Campbell
- Department of Medicine and
Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Berlin, Germany.
Medical Scientist Training Program, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Biogen Idec Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Melissa Hector-Greene
- Department of Medicine and
Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Berlin, Germany.
Medical Scientist Training Program, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Biogen Idec Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Lihong Sun
- Department of Medicine and
Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Berlin, Germany.
Medical Scientist Training Program, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Biogen Idec Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Alok Tewari
- Department of Medicine and
Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Berlin, Germany.
Medical Scientist Training Program, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Biogen Idec Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Amanda George
- Department of Medicine and
Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Berlin, Germany.
Medical Scientist Training Program, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Biogen Idec Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Mark Starr
- Department of Medicine and
Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Berlin, Germany.
Medical Scientist Training Program, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Biogen Idec Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Andrew Nixon
- Department of Medicine and
Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Berlin, Germany.
Medical Scientist Training Program, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Biogen Idec Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Christi Augustine
- Department of Medicine and
Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Berlin, Germany.
Medical Scientist Training Program, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Biogen Idec Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Georgia Beasley
- Department of Medicine and
Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Berlin, Germany.
Medical Scientist Training Program, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Biogen Idec Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Douglas S. Tyler
- Department of Medicine and
Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Berlin, Germany.
Medical Scientist Training Program, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Biogen Idec Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Takayu Osada
- Department of Medicine and
Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Berlin, Germany.
Medical Scientist Training Program, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Biogen Idec Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Michael A. Morse
- Department of Medicine and
Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Berlin, Germany.
Medical Scientist Training Program, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Biogen Idec Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Leona Ling
- Department of Medicine and
Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Berlin, Germany.
Medical Scientist Training Program, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Biogen Idec Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - H. Kim Lyerly
- Department of Medicine and
Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Berlin, Germany.
Medical Scientist Training Program, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Biogen Idec Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Gerard C. Blobe
- Department of Medicine and
Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Berlin, Germany.
Medical Scientist Training Program, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Biogen Idec Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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224
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Hazra R, Jimenez M, Desai R, Handelsman DJ, Allan CM. Sertoli cell androgen receptor expression regulates temporal fetal and adult Leydig cell differentiation, function, and population size. Endocrinology 2013; 154:3410-22. [PMID: 23766127 DOI: 10.1210/en.2012-2273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We recently created a mouse model displaying precocious Sertoli cell (SC) and spermatogenic development induced by SC-specific transgenic androgen receptor expression (TgSCAR). Here we reveal that TgSCAR regulates the development, function, and absolute number of Leydig cells (LCs). Total fetal and adult type LC numbers were reduced in postnatal and adult TgSCAR vs control testes, despite normal circulating LH levels. Normal LC to SC ratios found in TgSCAR testes indicate that SC androgen receptor (SCAR)-mediated activity confers a quorum-dependent relationship between total SC and LC numbers. TgSCAR enhanced LC differentiation, shown by elevated ratios of advanced to immature LC types, and reduced LC proliferation in postnatal TgSCAR vs control testes. Postnatal TgSCAR testes displayed up-regulated expression of coupled ligand-receptor transcripts (Amh-Amhr2, Dhh-Ptch1, Pdgfa-Pdgfra) for potential SCAR-stimulated paracrine pathways, which may coordinate LC differentiation. Neonatal TgSCAR testes displayed normal T and dihydrotestosterone levels despite differential changes to steroidogenic gene expression, with down-regulated Star, Cyp11a1, and Cyp17a1 expression contrasting with up-regulated Hsd3b1, Hsd17b3, and Srd5a1 expression. TgSCAR males also displayed elevated postnatal and normal adult serum testosterone levels, despite reduced LC numbers. Enhanced adult-type LC steroidogenic output was revealed by increased pubertal testicular T, dihydrotestosterone, 3α-diol and 3β-diol levels per LC and up-regulated steroidogenic gene (Nr5a1, Lhr, Cyp11a1, Cyp17a1, Hsd3b6, Srd5a1) expression in pubertal or adult TgSCAR vs control males, suggesting regulatory mechanisms maintain androgen levels independently of absolute LC numbers. Our unique gain-of-function TgSCAR model has revealed that SCAR activity controls temporal LC differentiation, steroidogenic function, and population size.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn
- Biomarkers/metabolism
- Cell Count
- Cell Differentiation
- Hemizygote
- Isoenzymes/biosynthesis
- Isoenzymes/genetics
- Isoenzymes/metabolism
- Leydig Cells/cytology
- Leydig Cells/metabolism
- Ligands
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Patched Receptors
- Patched-1 Receptor
- Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor alpha/biosynthesis
- Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor alpha/genetics
- Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor alpha/metabolism
- Receptors, Androgen/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Androgen/genetics
- Receptors, Androgen/metabolism
- Receptors, Cell Surface/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics
- Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism
- Receptors, Peptide/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Peptide/genetics
- Receptors, Peptide/metabolism
- Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta/genetics
- Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta/metabolism
- Sertoli Cells/cytology
- Sertoli Cells/metabolism
- Sexual Development
- Testis/cytology
- Testis/growth & development
- Testis/metabolism
- Testosterone Congeners/blood
- Testosterone Congeners/metabolism
- Up-Regulation
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasmani Hazra
- ANZAC Research Institute, Concord Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales 2139, Australia
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225
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Abstract
CONTEXT Granulosa cells are important for the development and maturation of oocytes. The dysfunction of granulosa cells may contribute to abnormal folliculogenesis and steroidogenesis. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to establish an effective culture system to differentiate human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) into granulosa cells. DESIGN For differentiation of hESCs to granulosa cells, we used multistep approaches comprising in vitro treatments with cocktails of growth factors. Expression of mesendoderm/intermediate plate mesoderm markers, and granulosa cell markers were analyzed by real time-PCR, Western blotting, immunofluorescence, and flow cytometry. The production of estradiol and anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) was analyzed by ELISA. RESULTS Gene expression analyses showed the progress of hESCs to primitive streak-mesendoderm, intermediate plate mesoderm, and finally to functional granulosa-like cells that expressed the granulosa cell-specific forkhead transcription factor FOXL2, estrogen synthetase cytochrome P450 19A1 (CYP19A1), AMH, the type 2 AMH receptor (AMHR2), and the FSH receptor (FSHR). However, they did not express the LH receptor (LHR). Western blot showed that AMHR2 and CYP19A1 levels in differentiated hESCs were higher than in undifferentiated cells. Flow cytometry showed that the percentage of AMHR2-, FSHR-, and CYP19A1-positive cells increased to 36%, 12%, and 34%, respectively, after differentiation for 12 days. These granulosa-like cells were also capable of producing AMH and aromatizing testosterone to estradiol, suggesting that they were biologically functional. CONCLUSIONS We successfully established an effective protocol to generate functional ovarian granulosa-like cells from hESCs. The derivation of these cells opens new avenues for the further study and potential application of these cells in human folliculogenesis and steroidogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Wei Lan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University Taipei 100, Taiwan
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226
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Shi CP, Zhang HY. [Association of single nucleotide polymorphism in TGFBR2 gene with Kawasaki disease and coronary artery lesions]. Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi 2013; 15:767-770. [PMID: 24034922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (rs1495592) in transforming growth factor-beta receptor 2 (TGFBR2) gene in children, and to investigate its association with Kawasaki disease (KD) and coronary artery lesions (CALs). METHODS Thirty-five KD patients, 14 of whom had CALs (CAL subgroup), were selected as the case group, and 25 healthy age-matched children were selected as the control group. The SNP (rs1495592) in TGFBR2 gene was studied by gene sequencing. The association of SNP (rs1495592) with KD and (CALs) was analyzed based on the sequencing results. RESULTS There were no significant differences in genotype frequency distribution (χ(2)=0.566, P=0.452) and allele frequency distribution (χ(2)=0.216, P=0.642) between the two groups. Genotypes in the CAL subgroup included CC (21.4%) and CT+TT (78.6%), while genotypes in the non-CAL subgroup included CC (61.9%) and CT+TT (38.1%). There was significant difference in genotype frequency distribution between the two groups (χ(2)=5.546, P=0.019), but without significant difference in allele frequency distribution (χ(2)=3.673, P=0.055). CONCLUSIONS The SNP (rs1495592) in TGFBR2 gene may not be associated with development of KD in children, but it is associated with CALs in children with KD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui-Ping Shi
- Graduate School of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.
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227
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Teixeira AL, Gomes M, Nogueira A, Azevedo AS, Assis J, Dias F, Santos JI, Lobo F, Morais A, Maurício J, Medeiros R. Improvement of a predictive model of castration-resistant prostate cancer: functional genetic variants in TGFβ1 signaling pathway modulation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e72419. [PMID: 23951322 PMCID: PMC3739770 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PC) is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in men. The acquisition of castration-resistant (CR) phenotype is associated with the activation of signaling pathways mediated by growth factors. The TGFβ1 and its receptors have an important role in tumor progression, being the pro-apoptotic function modulated by the expression of TGFBR2. A single nucleotide polymorphism -875 G > A in TGFBR2 gene has been described, which may influence the expression levels of the receptor. Our purpose was to investigate the potential role of TGFBR2-875G>A in PC risk and in the response to androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). TGFBR2-875G>A polymorphism was studied by allelic discrimination using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in 891 patients with PC and 874 controls. A follow-up study was undertaken to evaluate response to ADT. The TGFBR2 and SMAD7 mRNA expression were analyzed by a quantitative real-time PCR. We found that TGFBR2-875GG homozygous patients present lower expression levels of TGFBR2 mRNA (AA/AG: 2(-ΔΔCT) =1.5, P=0.016). GG genotype was also associated with higher Gleason grade (OR=1.51, P=0.019) and increased risk of an early relapse after ADT (HR=1.47, P=0.024). The concordance (c) index analysis showed that the definition of profiles that contains information regarding tumor characteristics associated with genetic information present an increased capacity to predict the risk for CR development (c-index model 1: 0.683 vs model 2: 0.736 vs model 3: 0.746 vs model 4: 0.759). The TGFBR2-875G>A contribution to an early relapse in ADT patients, due to changes in mRNA expression, supports the involvement of TGFβ1 pathway in CRPC. Furthermore, according to our results, we hypothesize the potential benefits of the association of genetic information in predictive models of CR development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana L. Teixeira
- Molecular Oncology Group, Portuguese Institute of Oncology - Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Abel Salazar Institute for the Biomedical Sciences - University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Mónica Gomes
- Molecular Oncology Group, Portuguese Institute of Oncology - Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Abel Salazar Institute for the Biomedical Sciences - University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Augusto Nogueira
- Molecular Oncology Group, Portuguese Institute of Oncology - Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Andreia S. Azevedo
- Molecular Oncology Group, Portuguese Institute of Oncology - Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Assis
- Molecular Oncology Group, Portuguese Institute of Oncology - Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Francisca Dias
- Molecular Oncology Group, Portuguese Institute of Oncology - Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Abel Salazar Institute for the Biomedical Sciences - University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Juliana I. Santos
- Molecular Oncology Group, Portuguese Institute of Oncology - Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Abel Salazar Institute for the Biomedical Sciences - University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Francisco Lobo
- Urology Department, Portuguese Institute of Oncology - Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - António Morais
- Urology Department, Portuguese Institute of Oncology - Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joaquina Maurício
- Oncology Department, Portuguese Institute of Oncology - Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Medeiros
- Molecular Oncology Group, Portuguese Institute of Oncology - Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Abel Salazar Institute for the Biomedical Sciences - University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Health Sciences of Fernando Pessoa University, Porto, Portugal
- Research Department, Portuguese League Against Cancer (NRNorte), Porto, Portugal
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228
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Xiong W, Frasch SC, Thomas SM, Bratton DL, Henson PM. Induction of TGF-β1 synthesis by macrophages in response to apoptotic cells requires activation of the scavenger receptor CD36. PLoS One 2013; 8:e72772. [PMID: 23936544 PMCID: PMC3732218 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/Objective Phosphatidylserine (PS) exposed on apoptotic cells has been shown to stimulate production of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and promote anti-inflammatory responses. However, the PS receptor(s) responsible for this induction has not been clearly determined. Methodology/Principal Findings In the present study, using RAWTβRII cells in which a truncated dominant negative TGF-β receptor II was stably transfected in order to avoid auto-feedback induction of TGF-β, we show that TGF-β1 synthesis is initiated via activation of the scavenger receptor, CD36. The response requires exposure of PS on the apoptotic cell surface and was absent in macrophages lacking CD36. Direct activation of CD36 with an anti-CD36 antibody initiated TGF-β1 production, and signaling pathways involving both Lyn kinase and ERK1/2 were shown to participate in CD36-driven TGF-β1 expression. Conclusion/Significance Since CD36 has been previously implicated in activation of secreted latent TGF-β, the present study indicates its role in the multiple steps to generation of this important biological mediator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weipeng Xiong
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
| | - S. Courtney Frasch
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Stacey M. Thomas
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Donna L. Bratton
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Peter M. Henson
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
- Department of Immunology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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229
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Seemann I, te Poele JAM, Luikinga SJ, Hoving S, Stewart FA. Endoglin haplo-insufficiency modifies the inflammatory response in irradiated mouse hearts without affecting structural and mircovascular changes. PLoS One 2013; 8:e68922. [PMID: 23894375 PMCID: PMC3722207 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It is now widely recognized that radiotherapy of thoracic and chest wall tumors increases the long-term risk of cardiovascular damage although the underlying mechanisms are not fully elucidated. There is increasing evidence that microvascular damage is involved. Endoglin, an accessory receptor for TGF-β1, is highly expressed in damaged endothelial cells and may play a crucial role in cell proliferation and revascularization of damaged heart tissue. We have therefore specifically examined the role of endoglin in microvascular damage and repair in the irradiated heart. Materials & Methods A single dose of 16 Gy was delivered to the heart of adult Eng+/+ or Eng+/− mice and damage was evaluated at 4, 20 and 40 weeks, relative to age-matched controls. Gated single photon emission computed tomography (gSPECT) was used to measure cardiac geometry and function, and related to histo-morphology, microvascular damage (detected using immuno- and enzyme-histochemistry) and gene expression (detected by microarray and real time PCR). Results Genes categorized according to known inflammatory and immunological related disease were less prominently regulated in irradiated Eng+/− mice compared to Eng+/+ littermates. Fibrosis related genes, TGF-β1, ALK 5 and PDGF, were only upregulated in Eng+/+ mice during the early phase of radiation-induced cardiac damage (4 weeks). In addition, only the Eng+/+ mice showed significant upregulation of collagen deposition in the early fibrotic phase (20 weeks) after irradiation. Despite these differences in gene expression, there was no reduction in inflammatory invasion (CD45+cells) of irradiated Eng+/− hearts. Microvascular damage (microvascular density, alkaline phosphatase and von-Willebrand-Factor expression) was also similar in both strains. Conclusion Eng+/− mice displayed impaired early inflammatory and fibrotic responses to high dose irradiation compared to Eng+/+ littermates. This did not result in significant differences in microvascular damage or cardiac function between the strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingar Seemann
- Division of Biological Stress Response, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Johannes A. M. te Poele
- Division of Biological Stress Response, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sophia J. Luikinga
- Division of Biological Stress Response, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Saske Hoving
- Division of Biological Stress Response, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Fiona A. Stewart
- Division of Biological Stress Response, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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230
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Ye Y, Han X, Guo B, Sun Z, Liu S. Combination treatment with platycodin D and osthole inhibits cell proliferation and invasion in mammary carcinoma cell lines. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2013; 36:115-124. [PMID: 23603464 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2013.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2012] [Revised: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/22/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In this study, two invasive mammary carcinoma cells (MDA-MB-231 and 4T1) were utilized to evaluate the inhibitory activities of platycodin D, osthole, and the two in combination. The anti-proliferative effect was tested using the MTT and BrdU assay, and the combination of 15μM osthole and 75μM platycodin D was used for subsequent analyses. The anti-invasive effect was evaluated by the transwell assay. The results showed that the combination treatment reduced both cell proliferation and invasion. Western blot and real-time PCR revealed that the platycodin D-osthole combination significantly decreased TβRII, Smad2, Smad3 and Smad4 gene or protein expressions, as well as effectively blocked TGF-β-induced phosphorylation of Smad2 and Smad3. Thus, this study demonstrates that the anti-cancer effects of the platycodin D-osthole combination in breast cancer cells involve proliferation inhibition and invasion blockade, both of which may be mediated by perturbations in the TGF-β/Smads pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyi Ye
- Pharmacology Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Longhua Hospital, 725 Wanpingnan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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231
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Diestel U, Resch M, Meinhardt K, Weiler S, Hellmann TV, Mueller TD, Nickel J, Eichler J, Muller YA. Identification of a Novel TGF-β-Binding Site in the Zona Pellucida C-terminal (ZP-C) Domain of TGF-β-Receptor-3 (TGFR-3). PLoS One 2013; 8:e67214. [PMID: 23826237 PMCID: PMC3695229 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The zona pellucida (ZP) domain is present in extracellular proteins such as the zona pellucida proteins and tectorins and participates in the formation of polymeric protein networks. However, the ZP domain also occurs in the cytokine signaling co-receptor transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) receptor type 3 (TGFR-3, also known as betaglycan) where it contributes to cytokine ligand recognition. Currently it is unclear how the ZP domain architecture enables this dual functionality. Here, we identify a novel major TGF-β-binding site in the FG loop of the C-terminal subdomain of the murine TGFR-3 ZP domain (ZP-C) using protein crystallography, limited proteolysis experiments, surface plasmon resonance measurements and synthetic peptides. In the murine 2.7 Å crystal structure that we are presenting here, the FG-loop is disordered, however, well-ordered in a recently reported homologous rat ZP-C structure. Surprisingly, the adjacent external hydrophobic patch (EHP) segment is registered differently in the rat and murine structures suggesting that this segment only loosely associates with the remaining ZP-C fold. Such a flexible and temporarily-modulated association of the EHP segment with the ZP domain has been proposed to control the polymerization of ZP domain-containing proteins. Our findings suggest that this flexibility also extends to the ZP domain of TGFR-3 and might facilitate co-receptor ligand interaction and presentation via the adjacent FG-loop. This hints that a similar C-terminal region of the ZP domain architecture possibly regulates both the polymerization of extracellular matrix proteins and cytokine ligand recognition of TGFR-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uschi Diestel
- Lehrstuhl fuer Biotechnik, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Marcus Resch
- Lehrstuhl fuer Biotechnik, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kathrin Meinhardt
- Lehrstuhl fuer Biotechnik, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sigrid Weiler
- Lehrstuhl fuer Biotechnik, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tina V. Hellmann
- Julius-von-Sachs-Institut fuer Biowissenschaften, Lehrstuhl fuer Botanik I, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Thomas D. Mueller
- Julius-von-Sachs-Institut fuer Biowissenschaften, Lehrstuhl fuer Botanik I, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Joachim Nickel
- Lehrstuhl fuer Tissue Engineering und Regenerative Medizin, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Jutta Eichler
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Yves A. Muller
- Lehrstuhl fuer Biotechnik, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Buro C, Oliveira KC, Lu Z, Leutner S, Beckmann S, Dissous C, Cailliau K, Verjovski-Almeida S, Grevelding CG. Transcriptome analyses of inhibitor-treated schistosome females provide evidence for cooperating Src-kinase and TGFβ receptor pathways controlling mitosis and eggshell formation. PLoS Pathog 2013; 9:e1003448. [PMID: 23785292 PMCID: PMC3681755 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Schistosome parasites cause schistosomiasis, one of the most prevalent parasitemias worldwide affecting humans and animals. Constant pairing of schistosomes is essential for female sexual maturation and egg production, which causes pathogenesis. Female maturation involves signaling pathways controlling mitosis and differentiation within the gonads. In vitro studies had shown before that a Src-specific inhibitor, Herbimycin A (Herb A), and a TGFβ receptor (TβR) inhibitor (TRIKI) have physiological effects such as suppressed mitoses and egg production in paired females. As one Herb A target, the gonad-specifically expressed Src kinase SmTK3 was identified. Here, we comparatively analyzed the transcriptome profiles of Herb A- and TRIKI-treated females identifying transcriptional targets of Src-kinase and TβRI pathways. After demonstrating that TRIKI inhibits the schistosome TGFβreceptor SmTβRI by kinase assays in Xenopus oocytes, couples were treated with Herb A, TRIKI, or both inhibitors simultaneously in vitro. RNA was isolated from females for microarray hybridizations and transcription analyses. The obtained data were evaluated by Gene Ontology (GO) and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA), but also by manual classification and intersection analyses. Finally, extensive qPCR experiments were done to verify differential transcription of candidate genes under inhibitor influence but also to functionally reinforce specific physiological effects. A number of genes found to be differentially regulated are associated with mitosis and differentiation. Among these were calcium-associated genes and eggshell-forming genes. In situ hybridization confirmed transcription of genes coding for the calcium sensor hippocalcin, the calcium transporter ORAI-1, and the calcium-binding protein calmodulin-4 in the reproductive system pointing to a role of calcium in parasite reproduction. Functional qPCR results confirmed an inhibitor-influenced, varying dependence of the transcriptional activities of Smp14, Smp48, fs800, a predicted eggshell precursor protein and SmTYR1. The results show that eggshell-formation is regulated by at least two pathways cooperatively operating in a balanced manner to control egg production. As one of the most prevalent parasitic infections worldwide, schistosomiasis is caused by blood-flukes of the genus Schistosoma. Pathology coincides with egg production, which is started upon pairing of the dioeciously living adults. A constant pairing contact is required to induce mitoses and differentiation processes in the female leading to the development of the gonads. Although long known, the molecular processes controlling gonad development or egg-production in schistosomes or other platyhelminths are largely unknown. Using an established in vitro-culture system and specific, chemical inhibitors we have obtained first evidence in previous studies for the participation of signal transduction processes playing essential roles in controlling mitoses, differentiation and egg production. In the present study we applied combinatory inhibitor treatments combined with subsequent microarray and qPCR analyses and demonstrate for the first time that cooperating Src-Kinase- und TGFβ-signaling pathways control mitoses and egg formation processes. Besides direct evidence for managing transcription of eggshell-forming genes, new target molecules of these pathways were identified. Among these are calcium-associated genes providing a first hint towards a role of this ion for reproduction. Our finding shed first light on the signaling mechanisms controlling egg formation, which is important for life-cycling and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christin Buro
- Institute of Parasitology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Katia C. Oliveira
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Zhigang Lu
- Institute of Parasitology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Silke Leutner
- Institute of Parasitology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Svenja Beckmann
- Institute of Parasitology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Colette Dissous
- CIIL - Center of Infection and Immunity of Lille, Université Lille Nord de France, Inserm U1019, CNRS-UMR 8204, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Katia Cailliau
- Laboratoire de Régulation des Signaux de Division, Université Lille 1 Sciences et Technology, EA 4479, IFR 147, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
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Qin CR, Yao JL, Yuan Z, Zhu WJ, Xie JS, Wu WQ. [Application of DHPLC screening TGFBR-3 gene in Chinese women with idiopathic premature ovarian failure]. Zhonghua Fu Chan Ke Za Zhi 2013; 48:432-436. [PMID: 24103122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate clinical value of denaturing high performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC) used in detecting transforming growth factor beta receptor 3 (TGFBR-3) exons 11 and 12 polymorphism in women with idiopathic premature ovarian failure (POF). METHODS From Feb. 2009 to Dec. 2011, 110 patients with idiopathic POF undergoing treatment at Shenzhen Maternal & Child Health Institute affiliated to Southern Medical University were enrolled as POF group in this study. In the mean time, 110 women under 40 years old with normal hormonal level and menstrual cycles as control group. The exons 11 and 12 of TGFBR-3 gene polymorphism were screened by using DHPLC, and results of DNA sequencing was as golden standard. Some related indexes were calculated, such as sensitivity, specificity, false negative value, false positive value, Youden index, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value. At the same time, 20% of the tested specimens were chosen randomly and detected by DHPLC again. The value of Kappa index were calculated by comparing the results between the first and second DHPLC analysis. RESULTS The exon 11 of TGFBR-3 were not identified gene polymorphism and two nucleotide polymorphisms were identified in exon 12. For 2022 T/C polymorphism, the frequencies of CC with 0.9% (1/110), TC with 22.7% (25/110), TT with 76.4% (84/110), C with 12.3% (27/220) and T with 87.7% (193/220) in POF group were significantly different from CC with 0, TC with 9.1% (10/110) and TT with 90.9% (100/110), C with 4.5% (10/220) and T with 95.5% (210/220) in control group (all P<0.05). Allelic and genotypic frequencies of 2161-75 C/T were not differed significantly between the two groups (all P>0.05). As DNA sequencing as golden standard, DHPLC showed that the sensitivity was 100%, specificity was 97.9%, Youden index was 97.9%, positive predictive value was 96.3%, negative predictive value was 100%, and Kappa index was 0.888 (P<0.05). CONCLUSION DHPLC analysis is higher validity, reliability and practicability method in detecting TGFBR-3 polymorphism in idiopathic premature ovarian failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-rong Qin
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Affiliated Shenzhen Maternal & Child Health Institute, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen 518028,China
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Zhou YH, Liao SJ, Li D, Luo J, Wei JJ, Yan B, Sun R, Shu Y, Wang Q, Zhang GM, Feng ZH. TLR4 ligand/H₂O₂ enhances TGF-β1 signaling to induce metastatic potential of non-invasive breast cancer cells by activating non-Smad pathways. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65906. [PMID: 23734265 PMCID: PMC3667026 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
TGF-β1 has the potential to activate multiple signaling pathways required for inducing metastatic potential of tumor cells. However, TGF-β1 was inefficient in inducing metastatic potential of many non-invasive human tumor cells. Here we report that the enhancement of TGF-β1 signaling is required for inducing metastatic potential of non-invasive breast cancer cells. TGF-β1 alone could not efficiently induce the sustained activation of Smad and non-Smad pathways in non-invasive breast cancer cells. TLR4 ligand (LPS) and H2O2 cooperated with TGF-β1 to enhance the sustained activation of non-Smad pathways, including p38MAPK, ERK, JNK, PI3K, and NF-κB. The activation of MAPK and PI3K pathways resulted in a positive feed-back effect on TGF-β1 signaling by down-regulating Nm23-H1 expression and up-regulating the expression of TβRI and TβRII, favoring further activation of multiple signaling pathways. Moreover, the enhanced TGF-β1 signaling induced higher expression of SNAI2, which also promoted TβRII expression. Therefore, the sustained activation levels of both Smad and non-Smad pathways were gradually increased after prolonged stimulation with TGF-β1/H2O2/LPS. Consistent with the activation pattern of signaling pathways, the invasive capacity and anoikis-resistance of non-invasive breast cancer cells were gradually increased after prolonged stimulation with TGF-β1/H2O2/LPS. The metastatic potential induced by TGF-β1/H2O2/LPS was sufficient for tumor cells to extravasate and form metastatic foci in an experimental metastasis model in nude mice. The findings in this study suggested that the enhanced signaling is required for inducing higher metastatic capacity of tumor cells, and that targeting one of stimuli or signaling pathways might be potential approach in comprehensive strategy for tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Hong Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, The People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Jun Liao
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, The People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, The People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Luo
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, The People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Jing Wei
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, The People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Yan
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, The People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Sun
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, The People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Shu
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, The People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, The People's Republic of China
| | - Gui-Mei Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, The People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (GMZ); (ZHF)
| | - Zuo-Hua Feng
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, The People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (GMZ); (ZHF)
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235
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Harazono Y, Muramatsu T, Endo H, Uzawa N, Kawano T, Harada K, Inazawa J, Kozaki KI. miR-655 Is an EMT-suppressive microRNA targeting ZEB1 and TGFBR2. PLoS One 2013; 8:e62757. [PMID: 23690952 PMCID: PMC3653886 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been demonstrated to contribute to normal and disease processes including cancer progression. To explore EMT-suppressive microRNAs (miRNAs), we established a cell-based reporter system using a stable clone derived from a pancreatic cancer cell line, Panc1, transfected with a reporter construct containing a promoter sequence of CDH1/E-cadherin in the 5′ upstream region of the ZsGreen1 reporter gene. Then, we performed function-based screening with 470 synthetic double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) mimicking human mature miRNAs using the system and identified miR-655 as a novel EMT-suppressive miRNA. Overexpression of miR-655 not only induced the upregulation of E-cadherin and downregulation of typical EMT-inducers but also suppressed migration and invasion of mesenchymal-like cancer cells accompanied by a morphological shift toward the epithelial phenotype. In addition, we found a significant correlation between miR-655 expression and a better prognosis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Moreover, ZEB1 and TGFBR2, which are essential components of the TGF-b signaling pathway, were identified as direct targets of miR-655, suggesting that the activation of the TGF-b-ZEB1-E-cadherin axis by aberrant downregulation of miR-655 may accelerate cancer progression.
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MESH Headings
- Antigens, CD
- Base Sequence
- Cadherins/genetics
- Cadherins/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/genetics
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition/genetics
- Genes, Reporter/genetics
- Homeodomain Proteins/genetics
- Humans
- Liver Neoplasms/genetics
- Liver Neoplasms/pathology
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- Mouth Neoplasms/genetics
- Mouth Neoplasms/pathology
- Phenotype
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics
- Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type II
- Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta/genetics
- Signal Transduction/genetics
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Zinc Finger E-box-Binding Homeobox 1
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Harazono
- Department of Molecular Cytogenetics, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoki Muramatsu
- Department of Molecular Cytogenetics, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- Global Center of Excellence (GCOE) Program for International Research Center for Molecular Science in Tooth and Bone Diseases, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hironori Endo
- Department of Molecular Cytogenetics, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Narikazu Uzawa
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuyuki Kawano
- Department of Esophagogastric Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Harada
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Johji Inazawa
- Department of Molecular Cytogenetics, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Genome Medicine, Hard Tissue Genome Research Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- Global Center of Excellence (GCOE) Program for International Research Center for Molecular Science in Tooth and Bone Diseases, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail: (KK); (JI)
| | - Ken-ichi Kozaki
- Department of Molecular Cytogenetics, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Therapeutic Genomics, Medical Research Institute and School of Biomedical Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Genome Medicine, Hard Tissue Genome Research Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail: (KK); (JI)
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Xiao X, Wiersch J, El-Gohary Y, Guo P, Prasadan K, Paredes J, Welsh C, Shiota C, Gittes GK. TGFβ receptor signaling is essential for inflammation-induced but not β-cell workload-induced β-cell proliferation. Diabetes 2013; 62:1217-26. [PMID: 23248173 PMCID: PMC3609557 DOI: 10.2337/db12-1428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Protection and restoration of a functional β-cell mass are fundamental strategies for prevention and treatment of diabetes. Consequently, knowledge of signals that determine the functional β-cell mass is of immense clinical relevance. Transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) superfamily signaling pathways play a critical role in development and tissue specification. Nevertheless, the role of these pathways in adult β-cell homeostasis is not well defined. Here, we ablated TGFβ receptor I and II genes in mice undergoing two surgical β-cell replication models (partial pancreatectomy or partial duct ligation), representing two triggers for β-cell proliferation, increased β-cell workload and local inflammation, respectively. Our data suggest that TGFβ receptor signaling is necessary for baseline β-cell proliferation. By either provision of excess glucose or treatment with exogenous insulin, we further demonstrated that inflammation and increased β-cell workload are both stimulants for β-cell proliferation but are TGFβ receptor signaling dependent and independent, respectively. Collectively, by using a pancreas-specific TGFβ receptor-deleted mouse model, we have identified two distinct pathways that regulate adult β-cell proliferation. Our study thus provides important information for understanding β-cell proliferation during normal growth and in pancreatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangwei Xiao
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
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237
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Braem MGM, Voorhuis M, van der Schouw YT, Peeters PHM, Schouten LJ, Eijkemans MJC, Broekmans FJ, Onland-Moret NC. Interactions between genetic variants in AMH and AMHR2 may modify age at natural menopause. PLoS One 2013; 8:e59819. [PMID: 23544102 PMCID: PMC3609726 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2012] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The onset of menopause has important implications on women’s fertility and health. We previously identified genetic variants in genes involved in initial follicle recruitment as potential modifiers of age at natural menopause. The objective of this study was to extend our previous study, by searching for pairwise interactions between tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (tSNPs) in the 5 genes previously selected (AMH, AMHR2, BMP15, FOXL2, GDF9). We performed a cross-sectional study among 3445 women with a natural menopause participating in the Prospect-EPIC study, a population-based prospective cohort study, initiated between 1993 and 1997. Based on the model-based multifactor dimensionality reduction (MB-MDR) test with a permutation-based maxT correction for multiple testing, we found a statistically significant interaction between rs10407022 in AMH and rs11170547 in AMHR2 (p = 0.019) associated with age at natural menopause. Rs10407022 did not have a statistically significant main effect. However, rs10407022 is an eQTL SNP that has been shown to influence mRNA expression levels in lymphoblastoid cell lines. This study provides additional insights into the genetic background of age at natural menopause and suggests a role of the AMH signaling pathway in the onset of natural menopause. However, these results remain suggestive and replication by independent studies is necessary.
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Mythreye K, Knelson EH, Gatza CE, Gatza ML, Blobe GC. TβRIII/β-arrestin2 regulates integrin α5β1 trafficking, function, and localization in epithelial cells. Oncogene 2013; 32:1416-27. [PMID: 22562249 PMCID: PMC3835656 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2012.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2011] [Revised: 03/15/2012] [Accepted: 03/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The type III TGF-β receptor (TβRIII) is a ubiquitous co-receptor for TGF-β superfamily ligands with roles in suppressing cancer progression, in part through suppressing cell motility. Here we demonstrate that TβRIII promotes epithelial cell adhesion to fibronectin in a β-arrestin2 dependent and TGF-β/BMP independent manner by complexing with active integrin α5β1, and mediating β-arrestin2-dependent α5β1 internalization and trafficking to nascent focal adhesions. TβRIII-mediated integrin α5β1 trafficking regulates cell adhesion and fibronectin fibrillogenesis in epithelial cells, as well as α5 localization in breast cancer patients. We further demonstrate that increased TβRIII expression correlates with increased α5 localization at sites of cell-cell adhesion in breast cancer patients, while higher TβRIII expression is a strong predictor of overall survival in breast cancer patients. These data support a novel, clinically relevant role for TβRIII in regulating integrin α5 localization, reveal a novel crosstalk mechanism between the integrin and TGF-β superfamily signaling pathways and identify β-arrestin2 as a regulator of α5β1 trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erik H. Knelson
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham NC 27708, USA
| | - Catherine E. Gatza
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham NC 27708, USA
| | - Michael L. Gatza
- Duke IGSP, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Gerard C. Blobe
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham NC 27708, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham NC 27708, USA
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239
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Kapral M, Wawszczyk J, Hollek A, Weglarz L. Induction of the expression of genes encoding TGF-beta isoforms and their receptors by inositol hexaphosphate in human colon cancer cells. Acta Pol Pharm 2013; 70:357-363. [PMID: 23614294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Transforming growth factors-beta (TGF-beta) are multifunctional cytokines involved in the regulation of cell development, differentiation, survival and apoptosis. They are also potent anticancer agents that inhibit uncontrolled proliferation of cells. Incorrect TGF-beta regulation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of many diseases including inflammation and cancer. In humans, the TGF-beta family consists of three members (TGF-beta1, 2, 3) that show high similarity and homology. TGF-betas exert biological activities on various cell types including neoplastic cells via their specific receptors. Inositol hexaphosphate (phytic acid, IP6), a phytochemical has been reported to possess various health benefits. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of IP6 on the expression of genes encoding TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2, TGF-beta3 isoforms and their receptors TbetaRI, TbetaRII, TbetaRIII in human colorectal cancer cell line Caco-2. The cells were treated with 0.5, 1 and 2.5 mM IP6 for 3, 6 and 12 h. The untreated Caco-2 cells were used as the control. Quantification of genes expression was performed by real time QRT-PCR technique with a SYBR Green I chemistry. The experimental data revealed that the TGF-beta1 mRNA was the predominant isoform in Caco-2 cells and that IP6 enhanced transcriptional activity of genes of all three TGF-beta isoforms and their receptors TbetaRI, TbetaRII TbetaRIII in these cells. At concentrations up to 1 mM, IP6 over-expressed the genes in 6 h lasting cultures, and its higher dose (2.5 mM) caused successively increasing transcript level of TGF-beta isoforms and receptors with the duration of experiment up to 12 h. The findings of this study indicate that one of anti-cancer abilities of IP6 can be realized by enhancing the gene expression of TGF-beta isoforms and their receptors at the transcriptional level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Kapral
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Silesia, Narcyzów 1, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland.
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Avasarala S, Zhang F, Liu G, Wang R, London SD, London L. Curcumin modulates the inflammatory response and inhibits subsequent fibrosis in a mouse model of viral-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57285. [PMID: 23437361 PMCID: PMC3577717 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2012] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) is a clinical syndrome characterized by diffuse alveolar damage usually secondary to an intense host inflammatory response of the lung to a pulmonary or extrapulmonary infectious or non-infectious insult often leading to the development of intra-alveolar and interstitial fibrosis. Curcumin, the principal curcumoid of the popular Indian spice turmeric, has been demonstrated as an anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory agent in a broad spectrum of diseases. Using our well-established model of reovirus 1/L-induced acute viral pneumonia, which displays many of the characteristics of the human ALI/ARDS, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects of curcumin. Female CBA/J mice were treated with curcumin (50 mg/kg) 5 days prior to intranasal inoculation with 10(7)pfu reovirus 1/L and daily, thereafter. Mice were evaluated for key features associated with ALI/ARDS. Administration of curcumin significantly modulated inflammation and fibrosis, as revealed by histological and biochemical analysis. The expression of IL-6, IL-10, IFNγ, and MCP-1, key chemokines/cytokines implicated in the development of ALI/ARDS, from both the inflammatory infiltrate and whole lung tissue were modulated by curcumin potentially through a reduction in the phosphorylated form of NFκB p65. While the expression of TGFß1 was not modulated by curcumin, TGFß Receptor II, which is required for TGFß signaling, was significantly reduced. In addition, curcumin also significantly inhibited the expression of α-smooth muscle actin and Tenascin-C, key markers of myofibroblast activation. This data strongly supports a role for curcumin in modulating the pathogenesis of viral-induced ALI/ARDS in a pre-clinical model potentially manifested through the alteration of inflammation and myofibroblast differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreedevi Avasarala
- Department of Oral Biology and Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Fangfang Zhang
- Department of Oral Biology and Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Guangliang Liu
- Department of Oral Biology and Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Ruixue Wang
- Department of Oral Biology and Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Steven D. London
- Department of Oral Biology and Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Lucille London
- Department of Oral Biology and Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Sakabe T, Tsuchiya H, Kanki K, Azumi J, Gonda K, Mizuta Y, Yamada D, Wada H, Shomori K, Nagano H, Shiota G. Identification of the genes chemosensitizing hepatocellular carcinoma cells to interferon-α/5-fluorouracil and their clinical significance. PLoS One 2013; 8:e56197. [PMID: 23457527 PMCID: PMC3574150 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is increasing worldwide, and its prognosis is extremely poor. Interferon-alpha (IFN-α)/5-fluorouracil (5-FU) therapy is reportedly effective in some HCC patients. In the present study, to improve HCC prognosis, we identified the genes that are sensitizing to these agents. The screening strategy was dependent on the concentration of ribozymes that rendered HepG2 cells resistant to 5-FU by the repeated transfection of ribozymes into the cells. After 10 cycles of transfection, which was initiated by 5,902,875 sequences of a ribozyme library, three genes including protein kinase, adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated, gamma 2 non-catalytic subunit (PRKAG2); transforming growth factor-beta receptor II (TGFBR2); and exostosin 1 (EXT1) were identified as 5-FU-sensitizing genes. Adenovirus-mediated transfer of TGFBR2 and EXT1 enhanced IFN-α/5-FU-induced cytotoxicity as well as 5-FU, although the overexpression of these genes in the absence of IFN-α/5-FU did not induce cell death. This effect was also observed in a tumor xenograft model. The mechanisms of TGFBR2 and EXT1 include activation of the TGF-β signal and induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress, resulting in apoptosis. In HCC patients treated with IFN-α/5-FU therapy, the PRKAG2 mRNA level in HCC tissues was positively correlated with survival period, suggesting that PRKAG2 enhances the effect of IFN-α/5-FU and serves as a prognostic marker for IFN-α/5-FU therapy. In conclusion, we identified three genes that chemosensitize the effects of 5-FU and IFN-α/5-FU on HCC cells and demonstrated that PRKAG2 mRNA can serve as a prognostic marker for IFN-α/5-FU therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiko Sakabe
- Division of Molecular and Genetic Medicine, Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tsuchiya
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Keita Kanki
- Division of Molecular and Genetic Medicine, Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
| | - Junya Azumi
- Division of Molecular and Genetic Medicine, Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
| | - Kazue Gonda
- Division of Molecular and Genetic Medicine, Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
| | - Yusuke Mizuta
- Division of Molecular and Genetic Medicine, Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
| | - Daisaku Yamada
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Wada
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kohei Shomori
- Department of Microbiology and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Nagano
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Goshi Shiota
- Division of Molecular and Genetic Medicine, Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Achyut BR, Bader DA, Robles AI, Wangsa D, Harris CC, Ried T, Yang L. Inflammation-mediated genetic and epigenetic alterations drive cancer development in the neighboring epithelium upon stromal abrogation of TGF-β signaling. PLoS Genet 2013; 9:e1003251. [PMID: 23408900 PMCID: PMC3567148 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Deletion of tumor suppressor genes in stromal fibroblasts induces epithelial cancer development, suggesting an important role of stroma in epithelial homoeostasis. However, the underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Here we report that deletion of the gene encoding TGFβ receptor 2 (Tgfbr2) in the stromal fibroblasts (Tgfbr2fspKO) induces inflammation and significant DNA damage in the neighboring epithelia of the forestomach. This results in loss or down-regulation of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p15, p16, and p21, which contribute to the development of invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Anti-inflammation treatment restored p21 expression, delayed tumorigenesis, and increased survival of Tgfbr2fspKO mice. Our data demonstrate for the first time that inflammation is a critical player in the epigenetic silencing of p21 in tumor progression. Examination of human esophageal SCC showed a down-regulation of TGFβ receptor 2 (TβRII) in the stromal fibroblasts, as well as increased inflammation, DNA damage, and loss or decreased p15/p16 expression. Our study suggests anti-inflammation may be a new therapeutic option in treating human SCCs with down-regulation of TβRII in the stroma. Cancer is no longer regarded as a problem of solely cancer cells. The development and metastasis of cancers clearly involves many aspects of the host. We sought to identify the molecular mechanisms underlying epithelial cancer development due to alterations in stromal cells. Using an animal model in which TGF-β signaling is deleted in stromal fibroblasts, we found that inflammation and DNA damage are induced in the epithelial compartment and are responsible for the loss of cell cycle–dependent kinase inhibitors, leading to the compromise of epithelial cell cycle control. These results are important in understanding the stromal-tumor cross talk which has been an important focus in cancer biology in recent years. Our findings suggest that careful examination of the stromal compartment is important and that anti-inflammation therapy may be a new chemoprevention option for epithelial cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. R. Achyut
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - David A. Bader
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ana I. Robles
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Darawalee Wangsa
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Curtis C. Harris
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Thomas Ried
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Li Yang
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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243
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Popov Y. Mouse model of primary biliary cirrhosis with progressive fibrosis: are we there yet? Hepatology 2013; 57:429-31. [PMID: 22815060 DOI: 10.1002/hep.25969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2012] [Revised: 07/03/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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244
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Zhang L, Sun ZJ, Bian Y, Kulkarni AB. MicroRNA-135b acts as a tumor promoter by targeting the hypoxia-inducible factor pathway in genetically defined mouse model of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Lett 2013; 331:230-8. [PMID: 23340180 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2013.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Revised: 01/02/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Here in, we investigated the mechanism underlying overexpression of miR-135b in the human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cell lines and in the HNSCC mouse model. Exogenous expression of miR-135b in these cell lines increased cell proliferation, migration, and colony formation. Gene silencing analysis revealed that miR-135b affects a regulator that inhibits hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF). Increased miR-135b expression was positively correlated with HIF-1α expression and microvessel density in the HNSCC model. Thus, our data demonstrate that miR-135b acts as a tumor promoter by promoting cancer cell proliferation, colony formation, survival, and angiogenesis through activation of HIF-1α in HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- Functional Genomics Section, Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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245
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Miles DC, Wakeling SI, Stringer JM, van den Bergen JA, Wilhelm D, Sinclair AH, Western PS. Signaling through the TGF beta-activin receptors ALK4/5/7 regulates testis formation and male germ cell development. PLoS One 2013; 8:e54606. [PMID: 23342175 PMCID: PMC3546992 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Accepted: 12/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The developing testis provides an environment that nurtures germ cell development, ultimately ensuring spermatogenesis and fertility. Impacts on this environment are considered to underlie aberrant germ cell development and formation of germ cell tumour precursors. The signaling events involved in testis formation and male fetal germ cell development remain largely unknown. Analysis of knockout mice lacking single Tgfβ family members has indicated that Tgfβ's are not required for sex determination. However, due to functional redundancy, it is possible that additional functions for these ligands in gonad development remain to be discovered. Using FACS purified gonadal cells, in this study we show that the genes encoding Activin's, TGFβ's, Nodal and their respective receptors, are expressed in sex and cell type specific patterns suggesting particular roles in testis and germ cell development. Inhibition of signaling through the receptors ALK4, ALK5 and ALK7, and ALK5 alone, demonstrated that TGFβ signaling is required for testis cord formation during the critical testis-determining period. We also show that signaling through the Activin/NODAL receptors, ALK4 and ALK7 is required for promoting differentiation of male germ cells and their entry into mitotic arrest. Finally, our data demonstrate that Nodal is specifically expressed in male germ cells and expression of the key pluripotency gene, Nanog was significantly reduced when signaling through ALK4/5/7 was blocked. Our strategy of inhibiting multiple Activin/NODAL/TGFβ receptors reduces the functional redundancy between these signaling pathways, thereby revealing new and essential roles for TGFβ and Activin signaling during testis formation and male germ cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise C. Miles
- Centre for Reproduction and Development, Monash Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephanie I. Wakeling
- Centre for Reproduction and Development, Monash Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jessica M. Stringer
- Centre for Reproduction and Development, Monash Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jocelyn A. van den Bergen
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dagmar Wilhelm
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew H. Sinclair
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Patrick S. Western
- Centre for Reproduction and Development, Monash Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail:
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246
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Gonzalez CR, Vallcaneras SS, Calandra RS, Gonzalez Calvar SI. Involvement of KLF14 and egr-1 in the TGF-beta1 action on Leydig cell proliferation. Cytokine 2013; 61:670-5. [PMID: 23317878 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2012.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2012] [Revised: 11/28/2012] [Accepted: 12/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) is a pleiotropic cytokine that modulates cell homeostasis. In Leydig cells, TGF-β1 exerts stimulatory and inhibitory effect depending on the type I receptor involved in the signaling pathway. The aim of the present work was to study the signaling mechanisms and the intermediates involved in the action of TGF-β1 on TM3 Leydig cell proliferation in the presence or absence of progesterone. The MTT assay showed that the presence of progesterone in the culture media lead to a proliferative effect that was blocked by Ru 486, an inhibitor of progesterone receptor; and ALK-5 did not participate in this effect. TGF-β1 (1 ng/ml) increased the expression of p15 (an inhibitor of cell cycle) in TM3 Leydig cells, and this effect was blocked by progesterone (1μM). The expression of PCNA presented a higher increase in the cell cultured with TGF-β1 plus progesterone than in cells cultured only with TGF-β1. Progesterone induced the gene expression of endoglin, a cofactor of TGF-β1 receptor that leads to a stimulatory signaling pathway, despite of the absence of progesterone response element in endoglin gene. In addition, the presence of progesterone induced the gene expression of egr-1 and also KLF14, indicating that this steroid channels the signaling pathway into a non-canonical mechanism. In conclusion, these findings suggest that the proliferative action of TGF-β1 involves endoglin. This co-receptor might be induced by KLF14 which is probably activated by progesterone.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R Gonzalez
- Research Center of Biomedical Biotechnology, Environmental and Diagnostic Studies, Maimónides University, Hidalgo 775, 1405 Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Símová J, Skvor J, Reissigová J, Dudra J, Lindner J, Capek P, Zvárová J. Serum levels of matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 and TGFBR2 gene screening in patients with ascending aortic dilatation. Folia Biol (Praha) 2013; 59:154-161. [PMID: 24093773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Development of ascending aortic dilatation (AAD) in about 10 % of patients operated for aortic valve disease (AVD) is probably based on intrinsic pathology of the aortic wall. This may involve an abnormality in the process of extracellular matrix remodelling. The present study evaluated the serum levels of specific metalloproteinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9) and investigated the gene for transforming growth factor receptor 2 (TGFBR2) in 28 patients with AVD associated with AAD (mean age 60.6 years), in 29 patients (68.9 years) with AVD without AAD, and in 30 healthy controls (45.3 years). The serum levels of MMPs were determined by ELISA. Further, we focused on genetic screening of the TGFBR2 gene. Plasma MMP-2 concentrations were significantly higher in the groups of patients compared to the controls: median 1315.0 (mean 1265.2 ± SD 391.3) in AVD with AAD, 1240.0 (1327.8 ± 352.5) in AVD without AAD versus 902.5 (872.3 ± 166.2) ng/ml in the healthy controls, in both cases P < 0.001. The serum levels of MMP-9 were significantly higher in AVD with AAD patients [107.0 (202.3 ± 313.0)] and in AVD without AAD patients [107.0 (185.8 ± 264.3)] compared to the healthy controls [14.5 (21.2 ± 24.8) ng/ml], in both cases P < 0.001. No significant correlation was observed between plasma MMP-2 and MMP-9 and ascending aorta diameter. Genetic screening did not reveal any variation in the TGFBR2 gene in the patients. Measurement of MMP levels is a simple and relatively rapid laboratory test that could be used as a biochemical indicator when evaluated in combination with imaging techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Símová
- Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic
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Bee KJ, Wilkes DC, Devereux RB, Basson CT, Hatcher CJ. TGFβRIIb mutations trigger aortic aneurysm pathogenesis by altering transforming growth factor β2 signal transduction. Circ Cardiovasc Genet 2012; 5:621-9. [PMID: 23099432 PMCID: PMC3547593 DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.112.964064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) is a common progressive disorder involving gradual dilation of the ascending and/or descending thoracic aorta that eventually leads to dissection or rupture. Nonsydromic TAA can occur as a genetically triggered, familial disorder that is usually transmitted in a monogenic autosomal dominant fashion and is known as familial TAA. Genetic analyses of families affected with TAA have identified several chromosomal loci, and further mapping of familial TAA genes has highlighted disease-causing mutations in at least 4 genes: myosin heavy chain 11 (MYH11), α-smooth muscle actin (ACTA2), and transforming growth factor β receptors I and II (TGFβRI and TGFβRII). METHODS AND RESULTS We evaluated 100 probands to determine the mutation frequency in MYH11, ACTA2, TGFβRI, and TGFβRII in an unbiased population of individuals with genetically mediated TAA. In this study, 9% of patients had a mutation in one of the genes analyzed, 3% of patients had mutations in ACTA2, 3% in MYH11, 1% in TGFβRII, and no mutations were found in TGFβRI. Additionally, we identified mutations in a 75 base pair alternatively spliced TGFβRII exon, exon 1a that produces the TGFβRIIb isoform and accounted for 2% of patients with mutations. Our in vitro analyses indicate that the TGFβRIIb activating mutations alter receptor function on TGFβ2 signaling. CONCLUSIONS We propose that TGFβRIIb expression is a regulatory mechanism for TGFβ2 signal transduction. Dysregulation of the TGFβ2 signaling pathway, as a consequence of TGFβRIIb mutations, results in aortic aneurysm pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine J Bee
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, Greenberg Division of Cardiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
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Camões MJ, Paulo P, Ribeiro FR, Barros-Silva JD, Almeida M, Costa VL, Cerveira N, Skotheim RI, Lothe RA, Henrique R, Jerónimo C, Teixeira MR. Potential downstream target genes of aberrant ETS transcription factors are differentially affected in Ewing's sarcoma and prostate carcinoma. PLoS One 2012. [PMID: 23185447 PMCID: PMC3501462 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0049819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
FLI1 and ERG, the major ETS transcription factors involved in rearrangements in the Ewing's sarcoma family of tumors (ESFT) and in prostate carcinomas (PCa), respectively, belong to the same subfamily, having 98% sequence identity in the DNA binding domain. We therefore decided to investigate whether the aberrant transcription factors in both malignancies have some common downstream targets. We crossed a publicly available list of all putative EWSR1-FLI1 target genes in ESFT with our microarray expression data on 24 PCa and 6 non-malignant prostate tissues (NPT) and choose four genes among the top-most differentially expressed between PCa with (PCa ERG+) and without (PCa ETS-) ETS fusion genes (HIST1H4L, KCNN2, ECRG4 and LDOC1), as well as four well-validated direct targets of the EWSR1-FLI1 chimeric protein in ESFT (NR0B1, CAV1, IGFBP3 and TGFBR2). Using quantitative expression analysis in 16 ESFT and seven alveolar rhabdomyosarcomas (ARMS), we were able to validate the four genes previously described as direct targets of the EWSR1-FLI1 oncoprotein, showing overexpression of CAV1 and NR0B1 and underexpression of IGFBP3 and TGFBR2 in ESFT as compared to ARMS. Although none of these four genes showed significant expression differences between PCa ERG+ and PCa ETS-, CAV1, IGFBP3 and TGFBR2 were less expressed in PCa in an independent series of 56 PCa and 15 NPT, as also observed for ECRG4 and LDOC1, suggesting a role in prostate carcinogenesis in general. On the other hand, we demonstrate for the first time that both HIST1H4L and KCNN2 are significantly overexpressed in PCa ERG+ and that ERG binds to the promoter of these genes. Conversely, KCNN2 was found underexpressed in ESFT relative to ARMS, suggesting that the EWSR1-ETS oncoprotein may have the opposite effect of ERG rearrangements in PCa. We conclude that aberrant ETS transcription factors modulate target genes differently in ESFT and PCa.
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MESH Headings
- Caveolin 1/genetics
- Caveolin 1/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- DAX-1 Orphan Nuclear Receptor/genetics
- DAX-1 Orphan Nuclear Receptor/metabolism
- DNA-Binding Proteins
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3/genetics
- Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3/metabolism
- Male
- Microarray Analysis
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/metabolism
- Prostatic Neoplasms/genetics
- Prostatic Neoplasms/metabolism
- Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Protein c-fli-1/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Protein c-fli-1/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ets/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ets/metabolism
- Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type II
- Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta/genetics
- Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta/metabolism
- Sarcoma, Ewing/genetics
- Sarcoma, Ewing/metabolism
- Sarcoma, Ewing/pathology
- Trans-Activators/genetics
- Trans-Activators/metabolism
- Transcriptional Regulator ERG
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J. Camões
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute-Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Cancer Genetics Group, Research Centre of the Portuguese Oncology Institute-Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Paulo
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute-Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Cancer Genetics Group, Research Centre of the Portuguese Oncology Institute-Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Franclim R. Ribeiro
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute-Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Cancer Genetics Group, Research Centre of the Portuguese Oncology Institute-Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - João D. Barros-Silva
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute-Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Cancer Genetics Group, Research Centre of the Portuguese Oncology Institute-Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Mafalda Almeida
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute-Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Cancer Epigenetics Group, Research Centre of The Portuguese Oncology Institute, Porto, Portugal
| | - Vera L. Costa
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute-Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Cancer Epigenetics Group, Research Centre of The Portuguese Oncology Institute, Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno Cerveira
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute-Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Cancer Genetics Group, Research Centre of the Portuguese Oncology Institute-Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rolf I. Skotheim
- Department of Cancer Prevention, Institute for Cancer Research, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ragnhild A. Lothe
- Department of Cancer Prevention, Institute for Cancer Research, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rui Henrique
- Cancer Epigenetics Group, Research Centre of The Portuguese Oncology Institute, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute-Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carmen Jerónimo
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute-Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Cancer Epigenetics Group, Research Centre of The Portuguese Oncology Institute, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuel R. Teixeira
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute-Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Cancer Genetics Group, Research Centre of the Portuguese Oncology Institute-Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- * E-mail:
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Zhang W, Tsuda M, Yang GX, Tsuneyama K, He XS, Ansari AA, Ridgway WM, Coppel RL, Lian ZX, Leung PS, Gershwin ME. Lymphoma-like T cell infiltration in liver is associated with increased copy number of dominant negative form of TGFβ receptor II. PLoS One 2012; 7:e49413. [PMID: 23145171 PMCID: PMC3492285 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0049413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2012] [Accepted: 10/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatosplenic T cell lymphoma (HSTCL) is a distinct and lethal subtype of peripheral T cell lymphoma with an aggressive course and poor outcome despite multiagent chemotherapy. Contradictory literature, an unknown etiology, and poor response to treatment highlight the need to define the malignant process and identify molecular targets with potential for successful therapeutic interventions. Herein, we report that mice homozygously expressing a dominant negative TGFβRII (dnTGFβRII) under the control of the CD4 promoter spontaneously develop lymphoma-like T cell infiltration involving both spleen and liver. Splenomegaly, hepatomegaly and liver dysfunction were observed in homozygous dnTGFβRII mice between 10 weeks and 10 months of age associated with a predominant infiltration of CD4−CD8−TCRβ+NK1.1+ or CD8+TCRβ+NK1.1− T cell subsets. Notch 1 and c-Myc expression at the mRNA levels were significantly increased and positively correlated with the cell number of lymphoid infiltrates in the liver of dnTGFβRII homozygous compared to hemizygous mice. Further, 2×104 isolated lymphoma-like cells transplant disease by adoptive cell transfers. Collectively, our data demonstrate that increased copy number of dnTGFβRII is critical for development of lymphoma-like T cell infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weici Zhang
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Masanobu Tsuda
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Guo-Xiang Yang
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Koichi Tsuneyama
- Diagnostic Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Xiao-Song He
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Aftab A. Ansari
- Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - William M. Ridgway
- Division of Immunology, Allergy and Rheumatology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Ross L. Coppel
- Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Zhe-Xiong Lian
- Institute of Immunology, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Patrick S.C. Leung
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - M. Eric Gershwin
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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