2651
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Kanno H. Regenerative therapy for neuronal diseases with transplantation of somatic stem cells. World J Stem Cells 2013; 5:163-171. [PMID: 24179604 PMCID: PMC3812520 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v5.i4.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Revised: 07/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells, which are capable of differentiating in various species of cells, are hoped to be donor cells in transplantation in regenerative medicine. Embryonic stem (ES) cells and induced pluripotent stem cells have the potential to differentiate in approximately all species of cells. However, the proliferating ability of these cells is high and the cancer formation ability is also recognized. In addition, ethical problems exist in using ES cells. Somatic stem cells with the ability to differentiate in various species of cells have been used as donor cells for neuronal diseases, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, spinal cord injury, Alzheimer disease, cerebral infarction and congenital neuronal diseases. Human mesenchymal stem cells derived from bone marrow, adipose tissue, dermal tissue, umbilical cord blood and placenta are usually used for intractable neuronal diseases as somatic stem cells, while neural progenitor/stem cells and retinal progenitor/stem cells are used for a few congenital neuronal diseases and retinal degenerative disease, respectively. However, non-treated somatic stem cells seldom differentiate to neural cells in recipient neural tissue. Therefore, the contribution to neuronal regeneration using non-treated somatic stem cells has been poor and various differential trials, such as the addition of neurotrophic factors, gene transfer, peptide transfer for neuronal differentiation of somatic stem cells, have been performed. Here, the recent progress of regenerative therapies using various somatic stem cells is described.
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2652
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Jiang X, Malkovskiy AV, Tian W, Sung YK, Sun W, Hsu JL, Manickam S, Wagh D, Joubert LM, Semenza GL, Rajadas J, Nicolls MR. Promotion of airway anastomotic microvascular regeneration and alleviation of airway ischemia by deferoxamine nanoparticles. Biomaterials 2013; 35:803-813. [PMID: 24161166 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.09.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Airway tissue ischemia and hypoxia in human lung transplantation is a consequence of the sacrifice of the bronchial circulation during the surgical procedure and is a major risk factor for the development of airway anastomotic complications. Augmented expression of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α promotes microvascular repair and alleviates allograft ischemia and hypoxia. Deferoxamine mesylate (DFO) is an FDA-approved iron chelator which has been shown to upregulate cellular HIF-1α. Here, we developed a nanoparticle formulation of DFO that can be topically applied to airway transplants at the time of surgery. In a mouse orthotopic tracheal transplant (OTT) model, the DFO nanoparticle was highly effective in enhancing airway microvascular perfusion following transplantation through the production of the angiogenic factors, placental growth factor (PLGF) and stromal cell-derived factor (SDF)-1. The endothelial cells in DFO treated airways displayed higher levels of p-eNOS and Ki67, less apoptosis, and decreased production of perivascular reactive oxygen species (ROS) compared to vehicle-treated airways. In summary, a DFO formulation topically-applied at the time of surgery successfully augmented airway anastomotic microvascular regeneration and the repair of alloimmune-injured microvasculature. This approach may be an effective topical transplant-conditioning therapy for preventing airway complications following clinical lung transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinguo Jiang
- Division of Pulmonary/Critical Care, Department of Medicine, VA Palo Alto Health Care System/Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Wen Tian
- Division of Pulmonary/Critical Care, Department of Medicine, VA Palo Alto Health Care System/Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yon K Sung
- Division of Pulmonary/Critical Care, Department of Medicine, VA Palo Alto Health Care System/Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Wenchao Sun
- Stanford BioADD Laboratory, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Joe L Hsu
- Division of Pulmonary/Critical Care, Department of Medicine, VA Palo Alto Health Care System/Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Gregg L Semenza
- Vascular Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Departments of Pediatrics, Medicine, Oncology, Radiation Oncology, and Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | | | - Mark R Nicolls
- Division of Pulmonary/Critical Care, Department of Medicine, VA Palo Alto Health Care System/Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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2653
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Meamar R, Nasr-Esfahani MH, Mousavi SA, Basiri K. Stem cell therapy in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Clin Neurosci 2013; 20:1659-63. [PMID: 24148693 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2013.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2012] [Revised: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/14/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disorder of upper and lower motor neurons, characterized by progressive muscular atrophy and weakness which culminates in death within 2-5 years. Despite various hypotheses about the responsible mechanisms, the etiology of ALS remains incompletely understood. However, it has been recently postulated that stem cell therapy could potentially target several mechanisms responsible for the etiology of ALS and other nervous system disorders, and could be regarded as one of the most promising therapeutic strategies for ALS treatment. We present a brief review of different methods of stem cell therapy in ALS patients and discuss the results with different cell types and routes of administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rokhsareh Meamar
- Department of Medical Science, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
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2654
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Pas SD, Streefkerk RHRA, Pronk M, de Man RA, Beersma MF, Osterhaus ADME, van der Eijk AA. Diagnostic performance of selected commercial HEV IgM and IgG ELISAs for immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients. J Clin Virol 2013; 58:629-34. [PMID: 24210958 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2013.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Revised: 09/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis E virus (HEV) genotype 3 is recognised as an emerging pathogen in industrialised countries. The currently commercially available HEV-specific enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) are primarily designed for the detection of antibodies against genotypes 1 (Burma) and 2 (Mexico) and may not sensitively detect HEV genotypes 3 or 4. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate the analytical and clinical performances of eight commercially available HEV serum antibody immunoglobulin M (IgM)- and immunoglobulin G (IgG)-specific ELISAs for genotype 1 and 3 HEV infections in a clinical setting and to study the antibody responses against HEV of immunocompromised versus immunocompetent patient groups. STUDY DESIGN Analytical performance and diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were assessed using well-defined reference samples and samples from patients with polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-confirmed HEV infection (n=88) and a specificity panel (n=98). RESULTS Limiting dilutions indicated that the highest analytical sensitivity in head-to-head comparison was measured for the Mikrogen_new IgG assay. Taking the serum working dilutions of each assay into account, the Wantai IgG assay was the most sensitive assay. Receiver operator curve (ROC) analysis showed area under the curve (AUC) values of 0.943, 0.964, 0.969, 0.971, 0.974 and 0.994 for the DSI, Mikrogen_old, MP Diagnostics, Mikrogen_new, Wantai and DiaPro anti-HEV IgM assays, respectively. The highest specificity of currently available assays was found for the IgM Wantai assay (>99%). If anti-HEV IgM and IgG results from each supplier were combined, DSI and Wantai assays were able to detect the highest number of (passed) HEV infections. CONCLUSIONS Our study showed that current commercial HEV ELISAs could be used to diagnose HEV genotype 3 infection adequately in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzan D Pas
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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2655
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Maeda T, Lee MJ, Palczewska G, Marsili S, Tesar PJ, Palczewski K, Takahashi M, Maeda A. Retinal pigmented epithelial cells obtained from human induced pluripotent stem cells possess functional visual cycle enzymes in vitro and in vivo. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:34484-93. [PMID: 24129572 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.518571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Differentiated retinal pigmented epithelial (RPE) cells have been obtained from human induced pluripotent stem (hiPS) cells. However, the visual (retinoid) cycle in hiPS-RPE cells has not been adequately examined. Here we determined the expression of functional visual cycle enzymes in hiPS-RPE cells compared with that of isolated wild-type mouse primary RPE (mpRPE) cells in vitro and in vivo. hiPS-RPE cells appeared morphologically similar to mpRPE cells. Notably, expression of certain visual cycle proteins was maintained during cell culture of hiPS-RPE cells, whereas expression of these same molecules rapidly decreased in mpRPE cells. Production of the visual chromophore, 11-cis-retinal, and retinosome formation also were documented in hiPS-RPE cells in vitro. When mpRPE cells with luciferase activity were transplanted into the subretinal space of mice, bioluminance intensity was preserved for >3 months. Additionally, transplantation of mpRPE into blind Lrat(-/-) and Rpe65(-/-) mice resulted in the recovery of visual function, including increased electrographic signaling and endogenous 11-cis-retinal production. Finally, when hiPS-RPE cells were transplanted into the subretinal space of Lrat(-/-) and Rpe65(-/-) mice, their vision improved as well. Moreover, histological analyses of these eyes displayed replacement of dysfunctional RPE cells by hiPS-RPE cells. Together, our results show that hiPS-RPE cells can exhibit a functional visual cycle in vitro and in vivo. These cells could provide potential treatment options for certain blinding retinal degenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadao Maeda
- From the Departments of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences
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2656
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Dekeyser M, Zuily S, Champigneulle J, Eschwège V, Frimat L, Perret-Guillaume C, Wahl D. [Antiphospholipid syndrome in nephrology. Kidney damage and practical aspects of the management]. Nephrol Ther 2013; 10:1-9. [PMID: 24113198 DOI: 10.1016/j.nephro.2013.07.368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2013] [Revised: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The antiphospholipid syndrome is a thrombophilia characterized by the combination of arterial and/or venous thrombotic events or obstetric clinical events, associated with persistent presence of antiphospholipid antibodies. In this syndrome, thromboses may affect all of the vascular tree, renal damage is frequently associated with a specific antiphospholipid syndrome nephropathy. We propose in this review to provide updated recommendations on the management of antiphospholipid syndrome in nephrology. Treatment is based on long-term anticoagulant therapy with or without antiplatelet agents according to clinical events. The use of a conventional nephroprotection must not be forgotten (strict control of blood pressure with drugs blocking the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system). Catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome is an extremely severe complication which can threaten the vital prognosis of the patient. This justifies particular surveillance, as well as prevention in high-risk situations. We also illustrate the difficulties of long-term management in these patients, both in dialysis or kidney transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Dekeyser
- Service de néphrologie-hémodialyse-transplantation, CHU de Nancy, rue du Morvan, 54511 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
| | - Stéphane Zuily
- Service de médecine vasculaire, centre de compétence régional des maladies vasculaires rares et systémiques et auto-immunes, institut lorrain du cœur et des vaisseaux Louis-Mathieu, CHU de Nancy, rue du Morvan, 54511 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France; Inserm UMR_S 1116, Nancy University, 54000 Nancy, France
| | | | - Valérie Eschwège
- Laboratoire d'hématologie biologique, CHU de Nancy, rue du Morvan, 54511 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Luc Frimat
- Service de néphrologie-hémodialyse-transplantation, CHU de Nancy, rue du Morvan, 54511 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | | | - Denis Wahl
- Service de médecine vasculaire, centre de compétence régional des maladies vasculaires rares et systémiques et auto-immunes, institut lorrain du cœur et des vaisseaux Louis-Mathieu, CHU de Nancy, rue du Morvan, 54511 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France; Inserm UMR_S 1116, Nancy University, 54000 Nancy, France
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2657
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Tsushima Y, Jang JH, Yamada Y, Schwendener R, Suzuki K, Weder W, Jungraithmayr W. The depletion of donor macrophages reduces ischaemia-reperfusion injury after mouse lung transplantation. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2013; 45:703-9. [PMID: 24113322 DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezt489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Macrophages (M) are one of the most important cells of the innate immune system for first line defense. Upon transplantation (Tx), M play a prominent role during lung ischaemia reperfusion (I/R) injury. Here, we hypothesize that the depletion of donor M ameliorates the post-transplant lung I/R injury. METHODS Orthotopic single-lung Tx was performed between syngeneic BALB/c mice after a cold ischaemic time of 8 h and a reperfusion time of 10 h. Prior to graft implantation, alveolar macrophages of donor lungs were selectively depleted applying the 'suicide technique' by intratracheal application of clodronate liposomes (experimental, n = 6) vs the application of empty liposomes (control, n = 6). Cell count (number of F4/80(+)-macrophages) and graft injury were evaluated by histology and immunohistochemistry, and levels of lactat dehydrogenase (LDH) (apoptosis assay), enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for nuclear protein high-mobility-group-protein B1 (HMGB1), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-β1) in plasma were analysed. RESULTS Clodronate liposomes successfully reduced 70% of M from donor lungs when compared with grafts treated with empty liposome only. M-depleted transplants showed improved histology and revealed considerably less graft damage when compared with control recipients (LDH, P = 0.03; HMGB1, P = 0.3). Oxygenation capacity was ameliorated in M-depleted transplants, if not significant (P = 0.114); however, wet/dry ratio did not differ between groups (P = 0.629). The inflammatory response was significantly reduced in M-depleted mice when compared with control recipients (TNF-α, P = 0.042; TGF-β1, P = 0.039). CONCLUSIONS The selective depletion of M in donor lung transplants can be successfully performed and results in a sustained anti-inflammatory response upon I/R-injury. The beneficial effect of this preconditioning method should be further evaluated as a promising tool for the attenuation of I/R prior to graft implantation in clinical Tx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukio Tsushima
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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2658
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Marco MRL, Dons EM, van der Windt DJ, Bhama JK, Lu LT, Zahorchak AF, Lakkis FG, Cooper DKC, Ezzelarab MB, Thomson AW. Post-transplant repopulation of naïve and memory T cells in blood and lymphoid tissue after alemtuzumab-mediated depletion in heart-transplanted cynomolgus monkeys. Transpl Immunol 2013; 29:88-98. [PMID: 24120957 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2013.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Revised: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Repopulation of memory T cells (Tmem) in allograft recipients after lymphodepletion is a major barrier to transplant tolerance induction. Ineffective depletion of naïve T cells (Tn) and Tmem may predispose to repopulation of Tmem after transplantation. Cynomolgus macaque monkeys given heart allografts were lymphodepleted using Alemtuzumab (Campath-1H; anti-CD52). Peripheral blood (PB) and lymph nodes (LN) were analyzed for CD95(-) (Tn) and CD95(+) cells (Tmem), one day, one month and up to three months after Alemtuzumab infusion. CD52 expression, susceptibility to Alemtuzumab cytotoxicity and pro-apoptotic caspase-3 were evaluated in Tn and Tmem. In vivo, Alemtuzumab induction profoundly depleted lymphocytes in PB (99% reduction) but exerted a lesser effect in LN (70% reduction), with similar depletion of Tn and Tmem subsets. After transplantation, Tmem comprised the majority of lymphocytes in PB and LN. In vitro, LN T cells were more resistant to Alemtuzumab-mediated cytotoxicity than PB lymphocytes. CD4(+) Tn and Tmem were equally susceptible to Alemtuzumab-mediated cytotoxicity, whereas CD8(+) Tn were more resistant than CD8(+) Tmem. However, no significant differences in CD52 expression between lymphocyte subsets in PB and LN were observed. Caspase-3 expression was higher in PB than LN T cells. CD4(+) and CD8(+) Tn expressed lower levels of Caspase-3 than Tmem, in both PB and LN. Thus, after Alemtuzumab infusion, residual Tn in secondary lymphoid tissue may predispose to rapid recovery of Tmem in allograft recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R L Marco
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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2659
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Callahan DS, Neville A, Bricker S, Kim D, Putnam B, Bongard F, Plurad DS. The effect of arginine vasopressin on organ donor procurement and lung function. J Surg Res 2014; 186:452-7. [PMID: 24176209 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2013.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Revised: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is becoming more common when managing brain-dead donors. Arginine vasopressin (AVP) is associated with benefits but is not consistently used. We hypothesize that AVP is associated with the maintenance of lung function and successful recovery in donors and enhanced lung graft performance in recipients. METHODS The Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network database was used. Study donors were those treated with HRT and procured from January 1, 2009 to June 30, 2011. AVP (+) and AVP (-) donors were compared. Donor lung function, the rate of successful lung procurement, and the incidence of graft failure in recipients were studied. RESULTS There were 12,322 donors included, of which 7686 received AVP (62.4%). Cerebrovascular accident (4722 [38.3%]) was the most common cause of donor death. There was a significant increase in high yield (≥4 organs) (51.0% versus 39.3%, <0.001), mean number of organs (3.75 versus 3.33, <0.001), and rate of successful lung recovery (26.3% versus 20.5%, <0.001) with AVP. Lung function was preserved to a greater degree in donors receiving AVP. Adjusting the significant factors, AVP was independently associated with lung procurement (1.220 [1.114-1.336], <0.001). The incidence of early graft failure was not changed. CONCLUSIONS AVP with HRT is associated with the maintenance of lung function and a significant increase in successful organ recovery in donors without untoward effects in the recipient. AVP should be universally adopted as a component of HRT in the management of donors with neurologic death.
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2660
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Kim H. Influence of mesenchymal stem cells on cryopreserved tracheal allografts in rabbits. Korean J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2013; 46:328-39. [PMID: 24175267 PMCID: PMC3810554 DOI: 10.5090/kjtcs.2013.46.5.328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Revised: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Ischemic injury and the rejection process are the main reasons for graft failure in tracheal transplantation models. To enhance the acceptance, we investigated the influence of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on tracheal allografts. Methods Extracted tracheal grafts from New Zealand white rabbits were cryopreserved for 4 weeks and orthotopically transplanted (control group A, n=8). In group B (n=8), cyclosporin A (CsA, 10 mg/kg) was injected daily into the peritoneal cavity. In group C (n=8), MSCs (1.0×107 cells/kg) from the same donor of the tracheal allograft, which had been pre-cultured for 4 weeks, were infused intravenously after transplantation. In group D (n=8), MSCs were infused and CsA was injected daily. Four weeks after transplantation, gross and histomorphological assessments were conducted for graft necrosis, measuring the cross-sectional area of the allograft, determining the degree of epithelization, lymphocytic infiltration, and vascular regeneration. Results The morphologic integrity of the trachea was retained completely in all cases. The cross-sectional areas were decreased significantly in group A (p=0.018) and B (p=0.045). The degree of epithelization was enhanced (p=0.012) and the lymphocytic infiltration was decreased (p=0.048) significantly in group D compared to group A. The degree of vascular regeneration did not differ significantly in any of the groups. There were no significant correlations among epithelization, lymphocytic infiltration, and vascular regeneration. Conclusion The administration of MSCs with concurrent injections of CsA enhanced and promoted epithelization and prevented lymphocytic infiltration in tracheal allografts, allowing for better acceptance of the allograft.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunjo Kim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Korea
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2661
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Garcia-Bennett AE, Kozhevnikova M, König N, Zhou C, Leao R, Knöpfel T, Pankratova S, Trolle C, Berezin V, Bock E, Aldskogius H, Kozlova EN. Delivery of differentiation factors by mesoporous silica particles assists advanced differentiation of transplanted murine embryonic stem cells. Stem Cells Transl Med 2013; 2:906-15. [PMID: 24089415 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2013-0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell transplantation holds great hope for the replacement of damaged cells in the nervous system. However, poor long-term survival after transplantation and insufficiently robust differentiation of stem cells into specialized cell types in vivo remain major obstacles for clinical application. Here, we report the development of a novel technological approach for the local delivery of exogenous trophic factor mimetics to transplanted cells using specifically designed silica nanoporous particles. We demonstrated that delivering Cintrofin and Gliafin, established peptide mimetics of the ciliary neurotrophic factor and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor, respectively, with these particles enabled not only robust functional differentiation of motor neurons from transplanted embryonic stem cells but also their long-term survival in vivo. We propose that the delivery of growth factors by mesoporous nanoparticles is a potentially versatile and widely applicable strategy for efficient differentiation and functional integration of stem cell derivatives upon transplantation.
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2662
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Sokal EM, Paganelli M, Wirth S, Socha P, Vajro P, Lacaille F, Kelly D, Mieli-Vergani G. Management of chronic hepatitis B in childhood: ESPGHAN clinical practice guidelines: consensus of an expert panel on behalf of the European Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition. J Hepatol 2013; 59:814-29. [PMID: 23707367 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2013.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2012] [Revised: 05/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Etienne M Sokal
- Pediatric Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain and Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, Brussels, Belgium.
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2663
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Kim Y, Kim JR, Choi H, Hwang JW, Jang HR, Lee JE, Kim SJ, Kim YG, Kim DJ, Oh HY, Huh W. Patients with persistent new-onset diabetes after transplantation have greater weight gain after kidney transplantation. J Korean Med Sci 2013; 28:1431-4. [PMID: 24133345 PMCID: PMC3792595 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2013.28.10.1431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the difference in BMI pattern between patients with persistent new-onset diabetes after transplantation (P-NODAT) and without new-onset diabetes after transplantation (N-NODAT) in a retrospective matched case-control (1:3) analysis. Thirty-six patients who developed P-NODAT were identified among 186 adult renal transplant recipients with no evidence of pretransplant diabetes mellitus who underwent kidney transplantation from September 1997 to March 2008 and were treated with a triple regimen including tacrolimus. The controls were selected to match the patients for pretransplant BMI, age at transplantation (± 5 yr), and date of transplantation (± 12 months). Finally, 20 P-NODAT patients and 60 N-NODAT patients were selected. The pre- and posttransplant BMI data were collected every 16 weeks for up to 80 weeks. The clinical characteristics did not differ between the P-NODAT group and N-NODAT group. BMI increased faster in the P-NODAT group than in the N-NODAT group. The mixed-model analysis showed that patients with P-NODAT exhibited a faster increase in BMI. P-NODAT is associated with posttransplant weight gain. The risk of P-NODAT should be considered in patients with rapid weight gain after transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonjung Kim
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung-Ryul Kim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Heejung Choi
- Department of Medicine, Konkuk University Chungju Hospital, Chungju, Korea
| | - Jung-won Hwang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Hye Ryoun Jang
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Eun Lee
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung-Joo Kim
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoon-Goo Kim
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dae Joong Kim
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ha Young Oh
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Wooseong Huh
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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2664
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Jonecová Z, Tóth Š, Varga J, Staško P, Kovalčinová B, Maretta M, Veselá J. The immediate response of jejunal mucosa to small bowel heterotopic allotransplatation in rats. Tissue Cell 2013; 46:21-6. [PMID: 24079856 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2013.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2012] [Revised: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The course of histopathological alterations within jejunal graft architecture during the initial adaptation phase in the host body was investigated. Graft tissues were compared to the intestinal tissues of the recipients. This study demonstrates: (1) renewal of intestinal epithelial lining in the graft biopsies during initial hours after transplantation is more likely caused by migration and extension of remaining epithelial cells than by their increased mitotic division. (2) Distinct decrease in histopathological injury was observed in transplanted grafts after 6h, but the morphometrical parameters, particularly villus height and wall thickness, remained altered. (3) Significant decrease in apoptotic cell death in the epithelial lining within 6h of graft recirculation was accompanied by no effect on apoptosis levels of the cells in lamina propria connective tissue. (4) Although the apoptosis level in the connective tissue cells was not modulated in the grafts within the first hour after transplantation, caspase-3 dependent apoptosis was decreased significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Jonecová
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, Šrobárova 2, 041 80 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Š Tóth
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, Šrobárova 2, 041 80 Košice, Slovakia.
| | - J Varga
- 2(nd) Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, Rastislavova 73, 041 90 Košice, Slovakia
| | - P Staško
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, Trieda SNP 1, 040 11 Košice, Slovakia
| | - B Kovalčinová
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, Šrobárova 2, 041 80 Košice, Slovakia
| | - M Maretta
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, Šrobárova 2, 041 80 Košice, Slovakia
| | - J Veselá
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, Šrobárova 2, 041 80 Košice, Slovakia
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2665
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Abstract
Transplant-acquired allergy (TAA) was firstly described as transplant-acquired food allergy (TAFA) after bone marrow transplantations and mostly observed in a transient form. The picture is complicated by numerous case reports of TAFA after the receipt of liver grafts from donors with no documented history of food allergy. The estimated prevalence of TAFA among young children in the literature has been documented in various studies ranging from 6% to 57%. Although TAA is mostly found to be associated with liver transplantation; it has been recently reported to be related with heart, intestinal, lung and even renal transplantations in adults. Previous reviews of published cases of liver TAA misleadingly emphasized the predominance of children and the absence of TAA in cardiac, pulmonary, and renal transplant recipients. In different studies, the male/female ratio is equal. Literature data suggest that children with TAFA typically present within the first year after surgery and are typically allergic to multiple foods. The pathogenesis of TAA is not still completely understood. Most of the studies support the concept that the functioning liver itself, and not only tacrolimus immunosuppression, is one of the main contributors to TAA in these patients. In the light of recent findings, other possible mechanisms can be summarized as following: (1) the recovery of delayed type hypersensitivity; (2) late manifestation of food allergy; (3) intestinal injury as well as inhibition of cellular energy production by tacrolimus; and (4) transfer of food-specific IgE or lymphocytes. Thus, interplay between hematopoietic cells from the transplanted organ and recipient specific factors (e.g., younger age and atopic background) seem to underlie the development of TAA. Most patients will have symptomatic improvement following reduced immunosuppression and an appropriately restricted diet. Nevertheless, some studies suggest that atopic diseases occur in some of pediatric liver transplant recipients, with manifestations including food allergy, eczema, allergic rhinitis, and asthma. More studies would be needed including greater number of patients to determine whether TAA is transient or not in pediatric/adult solid organ recipients.
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2666
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Iafolla MAJ, Tay J, Allan DS. Transplantation of umbilical cord blood-derived cells for novel indications in regenerative therapy or immune modulation: a scoping review of clinical studies. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2013; 20:20-5. [PMID: 24067504 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2013.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 09/15/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Although used mainly for transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells in the treatment of blood disorders, umbilical cord blood (UCB)-based therapies are now being used increasingly for novel applications in nonhematopoietic diseases and as a form of cellular regenerative therapy or immune modulation. We performed a systematic scoping review by searching Medline, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library for published articles, and we searched www.clinicaltrials.com and the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform to describe the breadth of published studies and ongoing clinical activity in umbilical cord-based cellular therapy for regenerative therapy and immune modulation. The most commonly published area of expertise in the use of UCB-derived cellular transplantation for novel indications is for neurological disorders and this remains the most active area of study in ongoing registered trials. An increasingly broad range of disorders, however, are reflected in ongoing registered trials, which suggests greater activity, interest, and investment in UCB-derived cellular therapy. Interestingly, adult patients compose the majority of patients reported in published reports and registered ongoing clinical studies continue to enroll predominantly adult subjects. Geographically, Asian countries appear most active in UCB-derived cellular therapy and our analysis of ongoing studies suggests this trend will likely continue. Regular assessment of published and ongoing activity in UCB transplantation for emerging novel indications will be critical for informing UCB banking establishments and funding agencies to guide changes in banking practices related to emerging trends in cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jason Tay
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; Blood & Marrow Transplantation Program, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - David S Allan
- Regenerative Medicine Program; Blood & Marrow Transplantation Program, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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2667
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Oshrine B, Bunin N, Li Y, Furth S, Laskin BL. Kidney and bladder outcomes in children with hemorrhagic cystitis and BK virus infection after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2013; 19:1702-7. [PMID: 24060406 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2013.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BK virus (BKV) infection is associated with hemorrhagic cystitis (HC) in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) recipients and nephropathy after kidney transplantation. We assessed the association between BKV and kidney and bladder complications in children developing HC by retrospectively reviewing 221 consecutive pediatric allogeneic HSCT recipients at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia from 2005 to 2011. We included all patients with BKV PCR testing performed for clinical indication from day 0 until 1 year post-HSCT (N = 68). We assessed the association of any BKV infection (urine and/or blood) or peak BK viremia ≥ 10,000 copies/mL (high viremia) with severe HC (defined as grade IV-bladder catheterization or surgical intervention); the need for dialysis; serum creatinine-estimated glomerular filtration rate at the time of BKV testing, day 100, and day 365; and death. Children with high viremia more likely developed severe HC compared with those with peak viremia < 10,000 copies/mL (21% versus 2%; P = .02). BKV infection of the blood or urine was not associated with the need for dialysis, change in estimated glomerular filtration rate, or mortality. BKV infection is common after pediatric allogeneic HSCT, and plasma testing in those with HC may predict patients who will develop severe bladder injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Oshrine
- Division of Oncology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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2668
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Hamilton AJ, Lyons CBA, Goodship THJ, Bingham C. Prevalence in the General Population of a CFH Sequence Variant Associated with Atypical Haemolytic Uraemic Syndrome in an Extensive Family from Southwest England. Nephron Extra 2013; 3:86-90. [PMID: 24163689 PMCID: PMC3806708 DOI: 10.1159/000354667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Twenty-five members of a family from the county of Devon in England have been affected by atypical haemolytic uraemic syndrome (aHUS) associated with a CFH mutation (c.3643C>G; p.Arg1215Gly). A 65-year-old male was diagnosed with aHUS after losing a renal transplant to a thrombotic microangiopathy. Subsequent mutation screening revealed the same CFH mutation without him being knowingly related to the local kindred. We designed a study to investigate the prevalence of this mutation in the local area. In addition, we examined the diagnoses of pre-existing haemodialysis patients to determine whether other patients might unknowingly be at risk of carrying the same CFH mutation. METHODS The Exeter Ten Thousand (EXTEND) study aims to recruit 10,000 healthy volunteers over the age of 18 years living within 25 miles of Exeter in Devon. We genotyped DNA from 4,000 EXTEND subjects for CFH c.3643C>G; p.Arg1215Gly. We reviewed the diagnoses of 294 haemodialysis patients in the Devon area and genotyped 7 patients with either end-stage renal disease of unknown aetiology, malignant hypertension or renovascular disease. RESULTS CFH c.3643C>G; p.Arg1215Gly was not detected in any of the 7 haemodialysis patients or the 4,000 individuals within the EXTEND study. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that CFH c.3643C>G; p.Arg1215Gly is not endemic in Devon. This reinforces our existing practice of genotyping only patients with kidney disease and evidence of a thrombotic microangiopathy for this mutation. This is the first study looking at the prevalence of CFH mutations in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Hamilton
- NIHR Exeter Clinical Research Facility, University of Exeter Medical School, Plymouth, UK ; Renal Unit, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, Plymouth, UK
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2669
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Halbach M, Peinkofer G, Baumgartner S, Maass M, Wiedey M, Neef K, Krausgrill B, Ladage D, Fatima A, Saric T, Hescheler J, Müller-Ehmsen J. Electrophysiological integration and action potential properties of transplanted cardiomyocytes derived from induced pluripotent stem cells. Cardiovasc Res 2013; 100:432-40. [PMID: 24042016 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvt213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSCM) are regarded as promising cell type for cardiac cell replacement therapy. We investigated long-term electrophysiological integration and maturation of transplanted iPSCM, which are essential for therapeutic benefit. METHODS AND RESULTS Murine iPSCM expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein and a puromycin resistance under control of the α-myosin heavy chain promoter were purified by antibiotic selection and injected into adult mouse hearts. After 6-12 days, 3-6 weeks, or 6-8 months, viable slices of recipient hearts were prepared. Slices were focally stimulated by a unipolar electrode placed in host tissue, and intracellular action potentials (APs) were recorded with glass microelectrodes in transplanted cells and neighbouring host tissue within the slices. Persistence and electrical integration of transplanted iPSCM into recipient hearts could be demonstrated at all time points. Quality of coupling improved, as indicated by a maximal stimulation frequency without conduction blocks of 5.77 ± 0.54 Hz at 6-12 days, 8.98 ± 0.38 Hz at 3-6 weeks and 10.82 ± 1.07 Hz at 6-8 months after transplantation. AP properties of iPSCM became more mature from 6-12 days to 6-8 months after transplantation, but still differed significantly from those of host APs. CONCLUSION Transplanted iPSCM can persist in the long term and integrate electrically into host tissue, supporting their potential for cell replacement therapy. Quality of electrical integration improves between 6-12 days and 6-8 months after transplantation, and there are signs of an electrophysiological maturation. However, even after 6-8 months, AP properties of transplanted iPSCM differ from those of recipient cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Halbach
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, D-50937 Cologne, Köln, Germany
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2670
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Noga BR, Pinzon A. Spontaneous and electrically-evoked catecholamine secretion from long-term cultures of bovine adrenal chromaffin cells. Brain Res 2013; 1529:209-22. [PMID: 23891791 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2013.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Revised: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Catecholamine release was measured from bovine adrenal medullary chromaffin cell (CC) cultures maintained over a period of three months. Cells were plated over simple biocompatible cell platforms with electrical stimulation capability and at specified times transferred to an acrylic superfusion chamber designed to allow controlled flow of superfusate over the culture. Catecholamine release was measured from the superfusates using fast cyclic voltammetry before, during and after electrical stimulation of the cells. Immunocytochemical staining of CC cultures revealed that they were composed of epinephrine (EP) and/or norepinephrine (NE) type cells. Both spontaneous and evoked-release of catecholamines from CCs were observed throughout the testing period. EP predominated during spontaneous release, whereas NE was more prevalent during electrically-evoked release. Electrical stimulation for 20 s, increased total catecholamine release by 60-130% (measured over a period of 500 s) compared to that observed for an equivalent 20 s period of spontaneous release. Stimulus intensity was correlated with the amount of evoked release, up to a plateau which was observed near the highest intensities. Shorter intervals between stimulation trials did not significantly affect the initial amount of release, and the amount of evoked release was relatively stable over time and did not decrease significantly with age of the culture. The present study demonstrates long-term survival of CC cultures in vitro and describes a technique useful for rapid assessment of cell functionality and release properties of cultured monoaminergic cell types that later can be transplanted for neurotransmitter replacement following injury or disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian R Noga
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1095 NW 14th Terrace, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
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2671
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Abstract
Airway fire is a well-documented event during airway surgery with devastating outcomes. Individuals involved in the care of these patients should be aware of this possible complication and precautions needed to prevent this complication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Bansal
- Section of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, LA, USA
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2672
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Callaghan CJ, Charman SC, Muiesan P, Powell JJ, Gimson AE, van der Meulen JHP. Outcomes of transplantation of livers from donation after circulatory death donors in the UK: a cohort study. BMJ Open 2013; 3:e003287. [PMID: 24002984 PMCID: PMC3773642 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2013-003287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Outcomes of liver transplantations from donation after circulatory death (DCD) donors may be inferior to those achieved with donation after brain death (DBD) donors. The impact of using DCD donors is likely to depend on specific national practices. We compared risk-adjusted graft loss and recipient mortality after transplantation of DCD and DBD livers in the UK. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. Multivariable Cox regression and propensity score matching were used to estimate risk-adjusted HR. SETTING 7 liver transplant centres in the National Health Service (NHS) hospitals in England and Scotland. PARTICIPANTS Adults who received a first elective liver transplant between January 2005 and December 2010 who were identified in the UK Liver Transplant Audit. INTERVENTIONS Transplantation of DCD and DBD livers. OUTCOMES Graft loss and recipient mortality. RESULTS In total, 2572 liver transplants were identified with 352 (14%) from DCD donors. 3-year graft loss (95% CI) was higher with DCD livers (27.3%, 21.8% to 33.9%) than with DBD livers (18.2%, 16.4% to 20.2%). After adjustment with regression, HR for graft loss was 2.3 (1.7 to 3.0). Similarly, 3-year mortality was higher with DCD livers (19.4%, 14.5% to 25.6%) than with DBD livers (14.1%, 12.5% to 16.0%) with an adjusted HR of 2.0 (1.4 to 2.8). Propensity score matching gave similar results. Centre-specific adjusted HRs for graft loss and recipient mortality seemed to differ among transplant centres, although statistical evidence is weak (p value for interaction 0.08 and 0.24, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Graft loss and recipient mortality were about twice as high with DCD livers as with DBD livers in the UK. Outcomes after DCD liver transplantation may vary between centres. These results should inform policies for the use of DCD livers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Susan C Charman
- Clinical Effectiveness Unit, Royal College of Surgeons of England, London, UK
- Department of Health Services Research and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Paolo Muiesan
- Department of Liver Transplantation and Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - James J Powell
- Scottish Liver Transplant Unit, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Jan H P van der Meulen
- Clinical Effectiveness Unit, Royal College of Surgeons of England, London, UK
- Department of Health Services Research and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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2673
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Holweck G, Bruneau S, Laversanne S, Chazalon E, Roux L, Thiéry G. [Palatal fibromucosal graft to correct lower eyelid retraction]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 115:51-5. [PMID: 23993043 DOI: 10.1016/j.revsto.2013.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Revised: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Retraction of the lower eyelids has multiple etiologies. Its surgical treatment is a vertical elongation of the tarsus. This can be obtained by using a graft. We describe a sampling and grafting technique using palatal fibromucosa intratarsal graft. TECHNICAL NOTE The procedure is performed in two steps under general anesthesia. The graft is harvested on the lateral sides of the palatine vault to avoid neurovascular bundles. This area corresponds to the maxillary fibromucosa according to Delaire's classification. The graft is then inserted in the lower eyelid tarsus. DISCUSSION Many "spacers" are available to extend the posterior lamella vertically; the palatal fibromucosa graft may be used directly and is easy to harvest. It has a similar stiffness to that of the tarsus and there is no need to harvest periosteum. Sparing the periosteum allows for a better healing of the donor site and decreases postoperative pain. The lateral harvesting area, away from the anterior palatine artery, seems more accessible than the median area, especially in ogival palates.
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2674
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Cicora F, Paz M, Mos F, Roberti J. Use of bortezomib to treat anti-HLA antibodies in renal transplant patients: a single-center experience. Transpl Immunol 2013; 29:7-10. [PMID: 23994721 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2013.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2013] [Revised: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Donor-specific human leukocyte antigen (HLA) antibodies (DSA) are associated with decreased graft survival and may cause graft rejection. Bortezomib, a selective inhibitor of the 26S proteasome developed to treat multiple myeloma, has been used for its anti-plasma cell activity in patients undergoing transplantation. We describe our experience with bortezomib used to reduce anti-HLA antibodies in eight renal transplant patients. Patients received bortezomib (1.3mg/m(2)) on days 1, 4, 8, and 11 beginning when antibodies were detected. It was used alone in one patient and was complemented with plasmapheresis in five patients, with IVIG in one patient, and with IVIG and plasmapheresis in another patient. De novo DSA class II were detected in all eight patients and two also had DSA class I. Antibodies were entirely eliminated in five (62.5%) patients 90 days after treatment but only reduced in the other three (62.5%). Notably, they later increased in one patient. Five (62.5%) patients had AMR, two (25%) had mixed rejection, and one had no rejection. our results suggest that bortezomib is effective for reducing DSA avoiding chronic graft injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Cicora
- Renal Transplantation, Hospital Alemán, Pueyrredón 1640, C1118AAT Buenos Aires, Argentina; Foundation for Research and Assistance in Renal Disease (FINAER), 503 No. 1947, B1897FYU Gonnet, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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2675
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Liang Y, Ågren L, Lyczek A, Walczak P, Bulte JW. Neural progenitor cell survival in mouse brain can be improved by co- transplantation of helper cells expressing bFGF under doxycycline control. Exp Neurol 2013; 247:73-9. [PMID: 23570903 PMCID: PMC3742733 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2013.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Revised: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cell-based therapy of neurological disorders is hampered by poor survival of grafted neural progenitor cells (NPCs). We hypothesized that it is possible to enhance the survival of human NPCs (ReNcells) by co-transplantation of helper cells expressing basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) under control of doxycycline (Dox). 293 cells or C17.2 cells were transduced with a lentiviral vector encoding the fluorescent reporter mCherry and bFGF under tetracycline-regulated transgene expression (Tet-ON). The bFGF secretion level in the engineered helper cells was positively correlated with the dose of Dox (Pearson correlation test; r=0.95 and 0.99 for 293 and C17.2 cells, respectively). Using bioluminescence imaging (BLI) as readout for firefly luciferase-transduced NPC survival, the addition of both 293-bFGF and C17.2-bFGF helper cells was found to significantly improve cell survival up to 6-fold in vitro, while wild-type (WT, non-transduced) helper cells had no effect. Following co-transplantation of 293-bFGF or C17.2-bFGF cells in the striatum of Rag2(-/-) immunodeficient mice, in vivo human NPC survival could be significantly improved as compared to no helper cells or co-transplantation of WT cells for the first two days after co-transplantation. This enhancement of survival in C17.2-bFGF group was not achieved without Dox administration, indicating that the neuroprotective effect was specific for bFGF. The present results warrant further studies on the use of engineered helper cells, including those expressing other growth factors injected as mixed cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Liang
- Russell H. Morgan Dept. of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Louise Ågren
- Russell H. Morgan Dept. of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Agatha Lyczek
- Russell H. Morgan Dept. of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Piotr Walczak
- Russell H. Morgan Dept. of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jeff W.M. Bulte
- Russell H. Morgan Dept. of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Dept. of Chemical &Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Dept. of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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2676
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Skardelly M, Glien A, Groba C, Schlichting N, Kamprad M, Meixensberger J, Milosevic J. The influence of immunosuppressive drugs on neural stem/progenitor cell fate in vitro. Exp Cell Res 2013; 319:3170-81. [PMID: 24001738 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2013.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Revised: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In allogenic and xenogenic transplantation, adequate immunosuppression plays a major role in graft survival, especially over the long term. The effect of immunosuppressive drugs on neural stem/progenitor cell fate has not been sufficiently explored. The focus of this study is to systematically investigate the effects of the following four different immunotherapeutic strategies on human neural progenitor cell survival/death, proliferation, metabolic activity, differentiation and migration in vitro: (1) cyclosporine A (CsA), a calcineurin inhibitor; (2) everolimus (RAD001), an mTOR-inhibitor; (3) mycophenolic acid (MPA, mycophenolate), an inhibitor of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase and (4) prednisolone, a steroid. At the minimum effective concentration (MEC), we found a prominent decrease in hNPCs' proliferative capacity (BrdU incorporation), especially for CsA and MPA, and an alteration of the NAD(P)H-dependent metabolic activity. Cell death rate, neurogenesis, gliogenesis and cell migration remained mostly unaffected under these conditions for all four immunosuppressants, except for apoptotic cell death, which was significantly increased by MPA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Skardelly
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital, Leipzig, Germany; Translational Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
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2677
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Collier S, Matjiu F, Jones G, Harber M, Hopkins S. A prospective study comparing contamination rates between a novel mid-stream urine collection device (Peezy) and a standard method in renal patients. J Clin Pathol 2013; 67:139-42. [PMID: 23986555 PMCID: PMC3913209 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2013-201686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION It is imperative that laboratories receive uncontaminated urine samples to avoid giving false-positive results and reduce antimicrobial use. AIM The aim of the study was to investigate a novel urine collection device (Peezy) in a renal outpatient clinic to determine whether it reduced contamination of urine samples. METHODS The novel device was used in 420 renal transplant recipients and the results were compared with 424 matched historical controls, who used the standard method of urine collection. High epithelial cell counts on microscopy and mixed urine cultures were used to identify contaminated samples. RESULTS Peezy increased the rates of both epithelial cells and mixed growths in the urine samples when compared with the historical controls. CONCLUSIONS Further randomised studies in other more generalisable populations need to be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Collier
- Department of Microbiology, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, , London, UK
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2678
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Caviezel-Firner S, Engeler D, Bolinger B, Onder L, Scandella E, Yu M, Kroczek RA, Ludewig B. Systemic minor histocompatibility antigen expression in blood endothelial cells prevents T cell-mediated vascular immunopathology. Eur J Immunol 2013; 43:3233-43. [PMID: 23963995 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201343545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Revised: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Attenuation of T cell-mediated damage of blood endothelial cells (BECs) in transplanted organs is important to prevent transplant vasculopathy (TV) and chronic rejection. Here, we assessed the importance of minor histocompatibility antigen (mHA) distribution and different coinhibitory molecules for T cell-BEC interaction. A transgenic mHA was directed specifically to BECs using the Tie2 promoter and cellular interactions were assessed in graft-versus-host disease-like and heterotopic heart transplantation settings. We found that cognate CD4(+) T-cell help was critical for the activation of BEC-specific CD8(+) T cells. However, systemic mHA expression on BECs efficiently attenuated adoptively transferred, BEC-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells and hence prevented tissue damage, whereas restriction of mHA expression to heart BECs precipitated the development of TV. Importantly, the lack of the coinhibitory molecules programmed death-1 (PD-1) and B and T lymphocyte attenuator fostered the initial activation of BEC-specific CD4(+) T cells, but did not affect development of TV. In contrast, TV was significantly augmented in the absence of PD-1 on BEC-specific CD8(+) T cells. Taken together, these results indicate that antigen distribution in the vascular bed determines the impact of coinhibition and, as a consequence, critically impinges on T cell-mediated vascular immunopathology.
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2679
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van der Hoorn MLP, van Egmond A, Swings GMJS, van Beelen E, van der Keur C, Tirado-González I, Blois SM, Karumanchi SA, Bianchi DW, Claas FHJ, Scherjon SA. Differential immunoregulation in successful oocyte donation pregnancies compared with naturally conceived pregnancies. J Reprod Immunol 2013; 101-102:96-103. [PMID: 24029471 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2013.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Revised: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In oocyte donation (OD) pregnancies, there is a higher level of antigenic dissimilarity between mother and fetus compared with naturally conceived (NC) pregnancies. We hypothesize that a higher degree and/or a different type of immunoregulation is necessary to maintain an uncomplicated OD pregnancy. Different immunological aspects of successful OD pregnancies (n=28) were compared with those of NC pregnancies (n=51), and non-donor IVF (n=20) pregnancies. Maternal peripheral blood mononuclear cells (mPBMCs) were characterized by flow cytometry; the outcome correlated with the number of mother-child HLA mismatches. The fetus-specific alloreactivity of mPBMCs was measured in a mixed lymphocyte reaction. The percentages of CD4(+)CD25(bright) and CD4(+)CD25(dim) cells were higher in mPBMCs of OD and IVF pregnancies compared with NC pregnancies. The percentage of CD4(+)CD25(dim) cells in mPBMCs of OD pregnancies correlated positively with the number of HLA mismatches. Functional studies showed a lower proliferative response to umbilical cord blood by mPBMCs in OD pregnancies. In conclusion, we found a higher degree of peripheral immunoregulation in OD and IVF pregnancies compared with NC pregnancies. A higher number of HLA mismatches in successful OD pregnancies leads to increased percentages of activated T cells in peripheral blood, but not to a higher alloreactivity to the fetus. These studies show that immunoregulation in OD pregnancy is different from that in NC pregnancies. The antigenic dissimilarity in OD pregnancies may play a role in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Louise P van der Hoorn
- Department of Obstetrics, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600 (location code: K6-26), 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Angela van Egmond
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Godelieve M J S Swings
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Els van Beelen
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Carin van der Keur
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Irene Tirado-González
- Charité Centrum 12 for Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, University Medicine of Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sandra M Blois
- Charité Centrum 12 for Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, University Medicine of Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
| | - S Ananth Karumanchi
- Center for Vascular Biology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Diana W Bianchi
- Mother Infant Research Institute at Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Frans H J Claas
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sicco A Scherjon
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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2680
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Liu Q, Vekemans K, Iania L, Komuta M, Parkkinen J, Heedfeld V, Wylin T, Monbaliu D, Pirenne J, van Pelt J. Assessing warm ischemic injury of pig livers at hypothermic machine perfusion. J Surg Res 2014; 186:379-89. [PMID: 24035230 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2013.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Revised: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Livers originating from donation after circulatory death (DCD) donors are exposed to warm ischemia (WI) before liver transplantation (LTx). Currently, there are no objective tests to evaluate the damage sustained before LTx. This study aims to identify surrogate markers for liver injury that can be assessed during hypothermic machine perfusion (HMP) preservation. In addition, we want to use mathematical equation modeling combining these markers to improve our assessment of DCD livers for transplantation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Porcine livers were exposed to incremental periods of WI (0-120 min) and subsequently HMP preserved for 4 h. Biochemical and hemodynamic parameters were repeatedly measured in the perfusate during HMP. Subsequently, to mimic LTx, normothermic isolated-liver perfusion was applied for 2 h and the injury assessed using a morphological score. RESULTS With increasing WI periods, the perfusate became more acidotic, and levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), liver fatty acid binding protein, redox-active iron, and arterial vascular resistance increased. A damage index, combining AST and pH (damage index = 2 - 37 × β(AST) - 257 × β(pH)) based on multifactorial analysis of the changing pattern of these markers, had increased sensitivity and specificity to reflect WI and reperfusion injury. CONCLUSIONS This proof of concept study demonstrated the potential role for objective evaluation of DCD porcine livers during HMP and the advantage to use multifactorial analysis on the markers' changing pattern.
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2681
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Chen QQ, Yan L, Wang CZ, Wang WH, Shi H, Su BB, Zeng QH, Du HT, Wan J. Mesenchymal stem cells alleviate TNBS-induced colitis by modulating inflammatory and autoimmune responses. World J Gastroenterol 2013; 19:4702-4717. [PMID: 23922467 PMCID: PMC3732842 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i29.4702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the potential therapeutic effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), we transplanted MSCs into an experimental model of IBD.
METHODS: A rectal enema of trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) (100 mg/kg body weight) was administered to female BALB/c mice. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were derived from male green fluorescent protein (GFP) transgenic mice and were transplanted intravenously into the experimental animals after disease onset. Clinical activity scores and histological changes were evaluated. GFP and Sex determining region Y gene (SRY) expression were used for cell tracking. Ki67 positive cells and Lgr5-expressing cells were determined to measure proliferative activity. Inflammatory response was determined by measuring the levels of different inflammatory mediators in the colon and serum. The inflammatory cytokines included tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-6, IL-17, IL-4, IL-10, and transforming growth factor (TGF-β). Master regulators of Th1 cells (T-box expressed in T cells, T-bet), Th17 cells (retinoid related orphan receptor gamma(t), RORγt), Th2 cells (GATA family of transcription factors 3, GATA3) and regulatory T cells (forkhead box P3, Foxp3) were also determined.
RESULTS: Systemic infusion of GFP-BMSCs ameliorated the clinical and histopathologic severity of colitis, including body weight loss, diarrhea and inflammation, and increased survival (P < 0.05). The cell tracking study showed that MSCs homed to the injured colon. MSCs promoted proliferation of intestinal epithelial cells and differentiation of intestinal stem cells (P < 0.01). This therapeutic effect was mainly mediated by down-regulation of both Th1-Th17-driven autoimmune and inflammatory responses (IL-2, TNF-α, IFN-γ, T-bet; IL-6, IL-17, RORγt), and by up-regulation of Th2 activities (IL-4, IL-10, GATA-3) (P < 0.05). MSCs also induced activated CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (TGF-β, IL-10, Foxp3) with a suppressive capacity on Th1-Th17 effecter responses and promoted Th2 differentiation in vivo (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: MSCs are key regulators of immune and inflammatory responses and may be an attractive candidate for cell-based therapy of IBD.
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2682
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Hossein Aghdaie M, Geramizadeh B, Azarpira N, Esfandiari E, Darai M, Rahsaz M, Nikeghbalian S, Malekhosseini SA. Hepatocyte isolation from unused/rejected livers for transplantation: initial step toward hepatocyte transplantation, the first experience from iran. Hepat Mon 2013; 13:e10397. [PMID: 24187559 PMCID: PMC3813921 DOI: 10.5812/hepatmon.10397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Revised: 06/08/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocyte transplantation is being used in patients with liver-based metabolic disorders and acute liver failure. Hepatocytes can be isolated from unused/rejected livers under sterile conditions. OBJECTIVES The quality of the hepatocytes is very important and the main and initial step in hepatocyte transplantation is hepatocyte isolation. In this study we tried to set up the methods of hepatocyte isolation in order to use the high quality cells in acute liver failure or congenital metabolic disorders. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, during a year, hepatocytes were isolated from 7 unused/rejected livers among more than 300 harvested livers in Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. The two step collagenase perfusion method was used under GMP (Good manufacturing practice) for hepatocyte isolation. RESULTS Highly quality hepatocytes with high viability and low contamination were isolated. The mean viability was 71.8% ± 21.7. In the first 4 cases microbial contamination by Staphylococci, Diphtheroid and Klebsiella was detected, however the last 3 cases were free of any micro organisms. After 5 weeks of cryopreservation in -140°C, the cell viability was still acceptable. CONCLUSIONS Hepatocyte isolation can be performed as the main and initial step for cell transplantation from unused/rejected liver. It is the first experience in Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bita Geramizadeh
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
- Department of Pathology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Bita Geramizadeh, Department of Pathology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran. P.O. Box: 7143451864, Tel/Fax: +98-7116474331, E-mail:
| | - Negar Azarpira
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
| | - Elahe Esfandiari
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
| | - Masoume Darai
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
| | - Marjan Rahsaz
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
| | - Saman Nikeghbalian
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
- Transplant Ward, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
| | - Seyed Ali Malekhosseini
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
- Transplant Ward, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
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2683
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Boatman S, Barrett F, Satishchandran S, Jing L, Shestopalov I, Zon LI. Assaying hematopoiesis using zebrafish. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2013; 51:271-6. [PMID: 23916372 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2013.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The zebrafish has become a commonly used model for studying hematopoiesis as a result of its unique attributes. Zebrafish are highly suitable for large-scale genetic and chemical screens compared to other vertebrate systems. It is now possible to analyze hematopoietic lineages in zebrafish and validate cell function via transplantation assays. Here, we review advancements over the past decade in forward genetic screens, chemical screens, fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis, and transplantation assays. Integrating these approaches enables new chemical and genetic screens that assay cell function within the hematopoietic system. Studies in zebrafish will continue to contribute and expand our knowledge about hematopoiesis, and develop novel treatments for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Boatman
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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2684
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Davies JK, Taussig D, Oakervee H, Smith M, Agrawal S, Cavenagh JD, Gribben JG. Long-term survival with low toxicity after allogeneic transplantation for acute myeloid leukaemia and myelodysplasia using non-myeloablative conditioning without T cell depletion. Br J Haematol 2013; 162:525-9. [PMID: 23718277 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.12402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The toxicity burden and long-term anti-leukaemic effect of non-myeloablative (NMA) allogeneic haematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (AHSCT) for acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) and myelodysplasia (MDS) remains undefined. We report the outcome of 56 patients with AML/MDS transplanted from human leucocyte antigen-matched donors using NMA conditioning without T-cell depletion. With a median follow-up of 5 years, treatment-related mortality was 9% and current disease-free survival (CDFS) was 45% (overall) and 55% (patients transplanted in remission). Development of graft-versus-host disease upon withdrawal of post-transplant immunosuppression was associated with less relapse and better CDFS. These data confirm that NMA AHSCT without T-cell depletion is safe and can result in sustained remissions of AML/MDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff K Davies
- Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
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2685
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Abstract
PURPOSE Esophageal replacement surgery has been used to treat long-gap esophageal atresia, caustic esophageal stricture, and esophageal avulsion. Here, we report total esophageal transplantation in rats without vascular anastomosis as an option for esophageal replacement surgery. METHODS Fourteen total segments of esophageal transplants were harvested from 24-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats using a harvesting procedure. The segments were transplanted through the mediastinum in the esophageal bed of 15-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats without adjacent vascular anastomosis using the transhiatal pull-up technique. The ends of the transplanted esophagus were ostomized using cervical and abdominal esophagostomies. An immunosuppressive-treated (IT) group (n = 7) received cyclosporine and cotrimoxazole for 10 days, while an untreated (UT) group (n = 7) received only cotrimoxazole for 10 days. On post-operative day 10, the rats were sacrificed, and the transplant and recipient esophagi were evaluated macroscopically and histopathologically. RESULTS All transplantations were successful and all transplanted rats survived. Upon macroscopic evaluation, no evidence of complications was observed and all transplanted esophagi in the two groups appeared to exhibit excellent firm tissue; however, mild necrosis was observed in the cervical end of the transplant in one rat in the IT group. Histopathologic examination showed a viable esophageal structure in all rats. Inflammation and muscular atrophy were lower in the IT group than in the UT group, whereas vascularity was higher in the IT group than in the UT group. CONCLUSION Total esophageal transplantation was performed directly without vascular anastomosis into recipients in a rat model. This procedure should be done in larger animal models before being attempted in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Uygun
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Pediatric Urology, Medical Faculty of Dicle University, 21280 Diyarbakir, Turkey.
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2686
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Hennessy SA, Gillen JR, Hranjec T, Kozower BD, Jones DR, Kron IL, Lau CL. Influence of hemodialysis on clinical outcomes after lung transplantation. J Surg Res 2013; 183:916-21. [PMID: 23481566 PMCID: PMC4217044 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2013.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2012] [Revised: 11/18/2012] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic renal failure after lung transplantation is associated with significant morbidity. However, the significance of acute kidney injury (AKI) after lung transplantation remains unclear and poorly studied. We hypothesized that hemodialysis (HD)-dependent AKI after lung transplantation is associated with significant mortality. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed a retrospective review of all patients undergoing lung transplantation from July 1991 to July 2009 at our institution. Recipients with AKI (creatinine > 3 mg/dL) were identified. We compared recipients without AKI versus recipients with and without HD-dependent AKI. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were compared by log rank test. RESULTS Of 352 lung transplant recipients reviewed at our institution, 17 developed non-HD-dependent AKI (5%) and 16 developed HD-dependent AKI (4.6%). Cardiopulmonary bypass was significantly higher in patients with HD-dependent AKI. None of the recipients who required HD had recovery of renal function. The 30-day mortality was significantly greater in recipients requiring HD (63% versus 0%; P < 0.0001). One-year mortality after transplantation was significantly increased in recipients with HD-dependent AKI compared with those with non-HD-dependent AKI (87.5% versus 17.6%; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Hemodialysis is associated with mortality after lung transplantation. Fortunately, AKI that does not progress to HD commonly resolves and has a better overall survival. Avoidance, if possible, of cardiopulmonary bypass may attenuate the incidence of AKI. Aggressive measures to identify and treat early postoperative renal dysfunction and prevent progression to HD may improve outcomes after lung transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tjasa Hranjec
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | | | - David R. Jones
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Irving L. Kron
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Christine L. Lau
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
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2687
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Abstract
Liver transplantation appears to be quite beneficial for treatment of maple syrup urine disease (MSUD, an inherited disorder of branched chain amino acid metabolism); however, there is a limited availability of donor livers worldwide and the first year costs of liver transplants are quite high. Recent studies have suggested that intact adipose tissue, already widely used in reconstructive surgery, may have an underappreciated high capacity for branched chain amino acid (BCAA) metabolism. Here we examined the potential for adipose tissue transplant to lower circulating BCAAs in two models of defective BCAA metabolism, BCATm and PP2Cm [branched chain keto acid dehydrogenase complex (BCKDC) phosphatase] knockout (KO) mice. After 1-2g fat transplant, BCATm and PP2Cm KO mice gained or maintained body weight 3weeks after surgery and consumed similar or more food/BCAAs the week before phlebotomy. Transplant of fat into the abdominal cavity led to a sterile inflammatory response and nonviable transplanted tissue. However when 1-2g of fat was transplanted subcutaneously into the back, either as small (0.1-0.3g) or finely minced pieces introduced with an 18-ga. needle, plasma BCAAs decreased compared to Sham operated mice. In two studies on BCATm KO mice and one study on PP2Cm KO mice, fat transplant led to 52-81% reductions in plasma BCAAs compared to baseline plasma BCAA concentrations of untreated WT type siblings. In PP2Cm KO mice, individual BCAAs in plasma were also significantly reduced by fat transplant, as were the alloisoleucine/Phe ratios. Therefore, subcutaneous fat transplantation may have merit as an adjunct to dietary treatment of MSUD. Additional studies are needed to further refine this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather A. Zimmerman
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Penn State University College of Medicine, 500 University Dr., Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Kristine C. Olson
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State University College of Medicine, 500 University Dr., Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State University College of Medicine, 500 University Dr., Hershey, PA 17033, USA
- The Macromolecular Core Facility, Penn State University College of Medicine, 500 University Dr., Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Christopher J. Lynch
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State University College of Medicine, 500 University Dr., Hershey, PA 17033, USA
- Correspondence: Christopher J. Lynch, Ph.D., Dept. of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine. 500 University Drive, MC-H166, Hershey, PA 17033, USA FAX: +1 717 531 7667,
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2688
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Ong GH, Yap CK, Mahmood M, Tan SG, Hamzah S. Barium Levels in Soils and Centella asiatica. Trop Life Sci Res 2013; 24:55-70. [PMID: 24575242 PMCID: PMC3799414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, Centella asiatica and surface soils were collected from 12 sampling sites in Peninsular Malaysia, and the barium (Ba) concentrations were determined. The Ba concentration [μg/g dry weight (dw)] was 63.72 to 382.01 μg/g in soils while in C. asiatica, Ba concentrations ranged from 5.05 to 21.88 μg/g for roots, 3.31 to 11.22 μg/g for leaves and 2.37 to 6.14 μg/g for stems. In C. asiatica, Ba accumulation was found to be the highest in roots followed by leaves and stems. The correlation coefficients (r) of Ba between plants and soils were found to be significantly positively correlated, with the highest correlation being between roots-soils (r=0.922, p<005), followed by leaves-soils (r=0.890, p<005) and stems-soils (r=0.848, p<005). This indicates that these three parts of C. asiatica are good biomonitors of Ba pollution. For the transplantation study, four sites were selected as unpolluted [(Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM)], semi-polluted (Seri Kembangan and Balakong) and polluted sites (Juru). Based on the transplantation study under experimental field and laboratory conditions, Ba concentrations in C. asiatica were significantly (p<0.05) higher after three weeks of exposure at Seri Kembangan, Balakong and Juru. Thus, these experimental findings confirm that the leaves, stems and roots of C. asiatica can reflect the Ba levels in the soils where this plant is found. Three weeks after back transplantation to clean soils, the Ba levels in C. asiatica were still higher than the initial Ba level even though Ba elimination occurred. In conclusion, the leaves, stems and roots of C. asiatica are good biomonitors of Ba pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghim Hock Ong
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chee Kong Yap
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Maziah Mahmood
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Soon Guan Tan
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Suhaimi Hamzah
- Pusat Nuklear Negara, Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
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2689
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Carpentier M, Chappert P, Kuhn C, Lalfer M, Flament H, Burlen-Defranoux O, Lantz O, Bandeira A, Malissen B, Davoust J, Gross DA. Extrathymic induction of Foxp3⁺ regulatory T cells declines with age in a T-cell intrinsic manner. Eur J Immunol 2013; 43:2598-604. [PMID: 23824593 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201343532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Revised: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Extrathymically induced Foxp3⁺ regulatory T (Treg) cells contribute to the pool of Treg cells and are implicated in the maintenance of immune tolerance at environmental interfaces. The impact of T-cell senescence on their generation and function is, however, poorly characterized. We report here that steady-state induction of Foxp3 is impaired in aged T cells in vivo. In vitro assays further revealed that this defective generation of Treg cells was independent from the strength of TCR stimulation and arose before T-cell proliferation. Importantly, they also revealed that this impairment of Foxp3 induction is unrelated to known age-related T-cell defects, such as IL-2 secretion impairment, accumulation of activated T-cell populations, or narrowing of the T-cell repertoire. Finally, a loss of extrathymic induction of Foxp3 and tolerance to minor-mismatched skin graft were observed in aged mice treated by nondepleting anti-CD4 antibody. The T-cell intrinsic impairment of Treg-cell generation revealed here highlights age as a key factor to be considered in immune tolerance induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Carpentier
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1013, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de médecine, Paris, France
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2690
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Thomé R, Lopes SC, Costa FT, Verinaud L. Chloroquine: modes of action of an undervalued drug. Immunol Lett 2013; 153:50-7. [PMID: 23891850 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2013.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Revised: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
For more than two decades, chloroquine (CQ) was largely and deliberately used as first choice drug for malaria treatment. However, worldwide increasing cases of resistant strains of Plasmodium have hampered its use. Nevertheless, CQ has recently been tested as adjunct therapy in several inflammatory situations, such as rheumatoid arthritis and transplantation procedures, presenting intriguing and promising results. In this review, we discuss recent findings and CQ mechanisms of action vis-à-vis its use as a broad adjunct therapy.
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2691
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Ambrosi P, Kreitmann B, Cohen W, Habib G, Morange P. Anticoagulation with a new oral anticoagulant in heart transplant recipients. Int J Cardiol 2013; 168:4452-3. [PMID: 23890900 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.06.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 06/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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2692
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Lei JY, Yan LN, Wang WT. Transplantation vs resection for hepatocellular carcinoma with compensated liver function after downstaging therapy. World J Gastroenterol 2013; 19:4400-4408. [PMID: 23885153 PMCID: PMC3718910 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i27.4400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Revised: 04/27/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: Our study aimed to compare the results of liver transplantation (LT) and liver resection (LR) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) that met the Milan criteria after successful downstaging therapy.
METHODS: From February 2004 to August 2010, a consecutive series of 102 patients were diagnosed with advanced-stage HCC that met the modified UCSF down-staging protocol inclusion criteria. All of the patients accepted various down-staging therapies. The types and numbers of treatments were tailored to each patient according to the tumor characteristics, location, liver function and response. After various downstaging therapies, 66 patients had tumor characteristics that met the Milan criteria; 31 patients accepted LT in our center, and 35 patients accepted LR. The baseline characteristics, down-staging protocols, postoperative complications, overall survival and tumor free survival rate, and tumor recurrence rate were compared between the two groups. Kaplan-Meier analyses were used to estimate the long-term overall survival and tumor-free survival rate. Meanwhile, a Cox proportional hazards model was used for the multivariate analyses of overall survival and disease-free survival rate.
RESULTS: No significant difference was observed between the LT and LR groups with respect to the down-staging protocol, target tumor characteristics, and baseline patient characteristics. Fifteen patients suffered various complications after LT, and 8 patients had complications after LR. The overall complication rate for the LT group was 48.4%, which was significantly higher than the LR group (22.9%) (P = 0.031). The overall in-hospital mortality in hospital for the LT group was 12.9% vs 2.9% for the LR group (P = 0.172). The overall patient survival rates at 1-, 3- and 5-years were 87.1%, 80.6% and 77.4%, respectively, after LT and 91.4%, 77.1% and 68.6%, respectively, after LR (P = 0.498). The overall 1-, 3- and 5-year tumor recurrence-free rates were also comparable (P = 0.656). Poorer tumor differentiation (P = 0.041) and a higher post-downstage alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level (> 400 ng/mL) (P = 0.015) were the two independent risk factors for tumor recurrence in the LT and LR patients who accepted successful down-staging therapy.
CONCLUSION: Due to the higher postoperative morbidity and similar survival and tumor recurrence-free rates, LR might offer better or similar outcome over LT, but a larger number and further randomized studies may be needed in the future for drawing any positive conclusions.
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2693
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Watada S, Harada H, Matsubara K, Obara H, Matsumoto K, Ando N, Kitagawa Y. Effect of sarpogrelate hydrochloride, a 5-hydroxytryptamine2 receptor antagonist, on allograft arteriosclerosis after aortic transplantation in rats. Transpl Immunol 2013; 29:162-6. [PMID: 23851153 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2013.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2013] [Revised: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarpogrelate hydrochloride, a 5-hydroxytryptamine2 receptor antagonist, is known to prevent serotonin-induced neointimal hyperplasia. We examined the effect of this agent on allograft arteriosclerosis in a rat model of aortic transplantation. METHODS Rats were given an aortic isograft or allograft and oral administration of either saline vehicle alone or 20mg/kg daily of sarpogrelate for 8 weeks. The grafts were then harvested, and the lumen diameter and the thickness of the intima and media were measured. Comparisons were made between measurement results in isografts and allografts from rats treated and not treated with sarpogrelate. Immunohistochemistry assessments were used to detect expression of serotonin in graft specimens. RESULTS For both allografts and isografts, significantly less intimal thickening was observed in specimens from rats given sarpogrelate compared with rats given saline. Sarpogrelate had no effect on medial thickening in either graft type. Serotonin was detected in allografts from rats given saline alone but not in allografts from rats given sarpogrelate or in isografts. CONCLUSIONS Sarpogrelate hydrochloride may mitigate arteriosclerosis in allografts. Platelet aggregation and serotonin may be correlated with intimal thickening associated with chronic rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Watada
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35, Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
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2694
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Hodgetts SI, Simmons PJ, Plant GW. A comparison of the behavioral and anatomical outcomes in sub-acute and chronic spinal cord injury models following treatment with human mesenchymal precursor cell transplantation and recombinant decorin. Exp Neurol. 2013;248:343-359. [PMID: 23867131 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2013.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Revised: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed the potential of highly purified (Stro-1(+)) human mesenchymal precursor cells (hMPCs) in combination with the anti-scarring protein decorin to repair the injured spinal cord (SC). Donor hMPCs isolated from spinal cord injury (SCI) patients were transplanted into athymic rats as a suspension graft, alone or after previous treatment with, core (decorin(core)) and proteoglycan (decorin(pro)) isoforms of purified human recombinant decorin. Decorin was delivered via mini-osmotic pumps for 14 days following sub-acute (7 day) or chronic (1 month) SCI. hMPCs were delivered to the spinal cord at 3 weeks or 6 weeks after the initial injury at T9 level. Behavioral and anatomical analysis in this study showed statistically significant improvement in functional recovery, tissue sparing and cyst volume reduction following hMPC therapy. The combination of decorin infusion followed by hMPC therapy did not improve these measured outcomes over the use of cell therapy alone, in either sub-acute or chronic SCI regimes. However, decorin infusion did improve tissue sparing, reduce spinal tissue cavitation and increase transplanted cell survivability as compared to controls. Immunohistochemical analysis of spinal cord sections revealed differences in glial, neuronal and extracellular matrix molecule expression within each experimental group. hMPC transplanted spinal cords showed the increased presence of serotonergic (5-HT) and sensory (CGRP) axonal growth within and surrounding transplanted hMPCs for up to 2 months; however, no evidence of hMPC transdifferentiation into neuronal or glial phenotypes. The number of hMPCs was dramatically reduced overall, and no transplanted cells were detected at 8 weeks post-injection using lentiviral GFP labeling and human nuclear antigen antibody labeling. The presence of recombinant decorin in the cell transplantation regimes delayed in part the loss of donor cells, with small numbers remaining at 2 months after transplantation. In vitro co-culture experiments with embryonic dorsal root ganglion explants revealed the growth promoting properties of hMPCs. Decorin did not increase axonal outgrowth from that achieved by hMPCs. We provide evidence for the first time that (Stro-1(+)) hMPCs provide: i) an advantageous source of allografts for stem cell transplantation for sub-acute and chronic spinal cord therapy, and (ii) a positive host microenvironment that promotes tissue sparing/repair that subsequently improves behavioral outcomes after SCI. This was not measurably improved by recombinant decorin treatment, but does provide important information for the future development and potential use of decorin in contusive SCI therapy.
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2695
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Kumagai G, Tsoulfas P, Toh S, McNiece I, Bramlett HM, Dietrich WD. Genetically modified mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) promote axonal regeneration and prevent hypersensitivity after spinal cord injury. Exp Neurol 2013; 248:369-80. [PMID: 23856436 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2013.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Revised: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Neurotrophins and the transplantation of bone marrow-derived stromal cells (MSCs) are both candidate therapies targeting spinal cord injury (SCI). While some studies have suggested the ability of MSCs to transdifferentiate into neural cells, other SCI studies have proposed anti-inflammatory and other mechanisms underlying established beneficial effects. We grafted rat MSCs genetically modified to express MNTS1, a multineurotrophin that binds TrkA, TrkB and TrkC, and p75(NTR) receptors or MSC-MNTS1/p75(-) that binds mainly to the Trk receptors. Seven days after contusive SCI, PBS-only, GFP-MSC, MSC-MNTS1/GFP or MSC-MNTS1/p75(-)/GFP were delivered into the injury epicenter. All transplanted groups showed reduced inflammation and cystic cavity size compared to control SCI rats. Interestingly, transplantation of the MSC-MNTS1 and MSC-MNTS1/p75(-), but not the naïve MSCs, enhanced axonal growth and significantly prevented cutaneous hypersensitivity after SCI. Moreover, transplantation of MSC-MNTS1/p75(-) promoted angiogenesis and modified glial scar formation. These findings suggest that MSCs transduced with a multineurotrophin are effective in promoting cell growth and improving sensory function after SCI. These novel data also provide insight into the neurotrophin-receptor dependent mechanisms through which cellular transplantation leads to functional improvement after experimental SCI.
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2696
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Liu H, Cao J, Zhang H, Qin S, Yu M, Zhang X, Wang X, Gao Y, Wilson JX, Huang G. Folic acid stimulates proliferation of transplanted neural stem cells after focal cerebral ischemia in rats. J Nutr Biochem 2013; 24:1817-22. [PMID: 23850087 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2013.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Revised: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Folic acid (FA) stimulates neural stem cell (NSC) proliferation in vitro and enhances hippocampal neurogenesis in rats after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). The effect of FA supplementation on exogenous NSCs transplanted in MCAO rats was observed to determine if FA can stimulate NSC replacement after focal cerebral ischemia. Rats were randomly assigned to 3 groups: MCAO; MCAO and exogenous NSC transplantation (MCAO+NSCs); and MCAO, NSC transplantation and FA (MCAO+NSCs+FA). FA (0.8 mg/kg) or vehicle was administered by gavage daily for 28 days before MCAO and 23 days afterward. NSCs were labeled with superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) and bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) prior to transplantation into the striatum, contralateral to the ischemic zone, at 2 days post-MCAO. Magnetic resonance imaging tracking and fluorescent immunohistochemistry, as well as measurement of serum folate concentration, were performed at intervals up to 21 days after transplantation. FA supplementation caused sustained increases of 400-600% in serum folate concentration. Magnetic resonance images indicated that SPIO-labeled NSCs were more abundant at the transplantation and ischemic brain sites in MCAO+NSCs+FA rats than in MCAO+NSCs rats. Similarly, immunohistochemistry showed that the numbers of Sox-2/BrdU double positive cells at the transplantation and ischemic sites were higher in the rats that received FA. In conclusion, after focal cerebral ischemia, FA supplementation stimulates transplanted NSCs to proliferate and migrate to ischemic sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
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2697
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Martin GH, Grégoire S, Landau DA, Pilon C, Grinberg-Bleyer Y, Charlotte F, Mège JP, Chatenoud L, Salomon BL, Cohen JL. In vivo activation of transferred regulatory T cells specific for third-party exogenous antigen controls GVH disease in mice. Eur J Immunol 2013; 43:2263-72. [PMID: 23765389 PMCID: PMC4738555 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201343449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Revised: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Treg cells hold enormous promise for therapeutic application in GVH disease, a lethal complication of allogeneic HSC transplantation. Mouse studies showed that donor‐derived recipient‐specific Treg (rsTreg) cells are far more efficient than polyclonal Treg cells in suppressing GVH disease. However, clinical grade preparations of rsTreg cells carries the risk of containing significant numbers of highly pathogenic recipient‐specific effector T cells. We hypothesized that an alternative approach using Treg cells specific for an exogenous (i.e. nondonor, nonrecipient) Ag (exoTreg cells) can overcome this risk by taking advantage of the bystander suppressive effect of Treg cells. For this, we used a murine model for aggressive GVH disease. We expanded ex vivo exoTreg cells that are primed against the HY Ag, which is only expressed in males. ExoTreg cells supressed GVH disease as efficiently as rsTreg cells in recipient male mice. We also applied this strategy in female mice that do not express this Ag. While exoTreg cells were not effective in female recipients when applied alone, providing the cognate HY Ag in vivo along side effectively activated exoTreg cells and completely abrogated GVH disease, establishing a targeted on/off system to provide a suppressive effect on alloreactive effector T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaëlle H Martin
- UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS UMR7211, INSERM U959, Immunology-Immunopathology-Immunotherapy (I3), Paris, France
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2698
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Eggenhofer E, Popp FC, Mendicino M, Silber P, Van't Hof W, Renner P, Hoogduijn MJ, Pinxteren J, van Rooijen N, Geissler EK, Deans R, Schlitt HJ, Dahlke MH. Heart grafts tolerized through third-party multipotent adult progenitor cells can be retransplanted to secondary hosts with no immunosuppression. Stem Cells Transl Med 2013; 2:595-606. [PMID: 23836805 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2012-0166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Multipotent adult progenitor cells (MAPCs) are an adherent stem cell population that belongs to the mesenchymal-type progenitor cell family. Although MAPCs are emerging as candidate agents for immunomodulation after solid organ transplantation, their value requires further validation in a clinically relevant cell therapy model using an organ donor- and organ recipient-independent, third-party cell product. We report that stable allograft survival can be achieved following third-party MAPC infusion in a rat model of fully allogeneic, heterotopic heart transplantation. Furthermore, long-term accepted heart grafts recovered from MAPC-treated animals can be successfully retransplanted to naïve animals without additional immunosuppression. This prolongation of MAPC-mediated allograft acceptance depends upon a myeloid cell population since depletion of macrophages by clodronate abrogates the tolerogenic MAPC effect. We also show that MAPC-mediated allograft acceptance differs mechanistically from drug-induced tolerance regarding marker gene expression, T regulatory cell induction, retransplantability, and macrophage dependence. MAPC-based immunomodulation represents a promising pathway for clinical immunotherapy that has led us to initiate a phase I clinical trial for testing safety and feasibility of third-party MAPC therapy after liver transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elke Eggenhofer
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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2699
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Belli EV, Landolfo K, Keller C, Thomas M, Odell J. Lung cancer following lung transplant: single institution 10 year experience. Lung Cancer 2013; 81:451-4. [PMID: 23831244 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2013.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2013] [Revised: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer following lung transplantation is an infrequent occurrence of post-transplant neoplasia. Tumors are classified based on donor or recipient origin. Recipient tumors can be diagnosed in explanted specimens or found in contralateral native lungs which remain in place during single lung transplant (SLTx). The aim of our study was to review our institution's incidence of post lung transplant lung cancer, describe tumor histology, and review our experience with their outcomes. METHODS A total of 335 lung transplants from 2001 to 2010 were reviewed. Patients were identified with a post-transplant diagnosis of lung cancer, neoplasia, or mass. Fifteen patients were identified; two were excluded due to concomitant cancers with which the lung cancer would represent a metastasis. Retrospective chart review was undertaken for thirteen patients for descriptive statistics, tumor characteristics and overall survival. RESULTS Overall incidence of lung cancer following transplant was 13 cases (3.88%). Six tumors were found in native explanted lungs and six developed subsequently in native lungs. One tumor was confirmed to be of donor origin. Histology included squamous cell in five (38.4%), adenocarcinoma in four (30.7%), and one patient each with adenosquamous (7.6%), carcinoid (7.6%), small cell (7.6%), or malignant solitary fibrous tumor (7.6%). Mean age at transplant was 65 ± 3 years. Mean time from transplant to diagnosis is reported as 241 ± 7 days (range 1-1170). Each patient had at least a 20 pack year smoking history with a mean of 45 ± 3 years. One-year survival for those with lung cancer following transplant was 42.8% while 1 year survival of all lung transplants at our institution is 85.7%. CONCLUSION Lung cancer incidentally found at the time of transplant or following transplantation is a serious complication with a noted effect on overall survival. The infrequent occurrence of donor tumors represents an adequate screening process of potential young donor lungs. The recognition of cancers in explanted specimens brings to question policies regarding screening of potential recipients with extensive smoking history. A high index of suspicion for native tumors is needed when conducting post-transplant surveillance as these tumors tend to be stage 4 at time diagnosis.
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2700
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Bhang SH, Jung MJ, Shin JY, La WG, Hwang YH, Kim MJ, Kim BS, Lee DY. Mutual effect of subcutaneously transplanted human adipose-derived stem cells and pancreatic islets within fibrin gel. Biomaterials 2013; 34:7247-56. [PMID: 23827190 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
While subcutaneous tissue has been proposed as a potential site for pancreatic islet transplantation, concern remains that the microvasculature of subcutaneous tissue is too poor to support transplanted islets. In an effort to overcome this limitation, we evaluated whether fibrin gel with human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) and rat pancreatic islets could cure diabetes mellitus when transplanted into the subcutaneous space of diabetic mice. Subcutaneously co-transplanted islets and hADSCs showed normalization of the diabetic recipient's blood glucose levels. The result was enhanced by co-treatment of fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF2) in the fibrin gel. The hADSCs enhanced islet viability after transplantation by secreting various growth factors that can protect islets from hypoxic damage. Afterward, hADSCs could maintain islet viability by recruiting new microvasculature nearby the transplanted islets via overexpression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). The hADSCs did not directly differentiate into endothelial cells (no detection of biomarkers of human endothelial cells), but showed evidence of differentiation toward insulin-secreting cells (detection of human insulin). Mice receiving islet transplantation alone did not become normoglycemic. Collectively, co-transplantation of fibrin gel with islets and hADSCs will expand the indications for islet transplant therapy and the potential clinical application of cell-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suk Ho Bhang
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-744, Republic of Korea
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