[The European migration situation and its perspectives]

"The present migration situation is analysed in regard to the labour market, the legal status of migrants, return flows and reintegration, and the position of second generation migrants.... In the second part of the paper the author attempts to discern the future of migration in Europe on the basis of existing demographic trends in Europe and the world, present trends [in] the labour market, and current technological changes. In this context he offers an outline for the Yugoslav migration perspective." (SUMMARY IN ENG)

Today's second generation: evidence from the 1990 U.S. census

"The prospects for today's second generation will be considerably shaped by their current social, economic and demographic status. This article provides a statistical portrait of children of immigrants by analyzing data from the 1990 U.S. Census of Population and Housing. With the second generation defined as children under age 18 with at least one foreign-born parent, the study describes place of residence; household demographic, social and economic circumstances; household head's socioeconomic status; and characteristics of children themselves. Data on second-generation children are broken down by year of immigration of parents and child's nativity. Data for children with native-born parents are provided for comparison."

Are young first and second generation immigrants at a disadvantage in the Australian labor market?

"This paper examines the assimilation hypothesis for young adult first- and second-generation immigrants in Australia. Models of the total weeks of unemployment and the number of spells of unemployment are examined as indicators of relative labor market conditions. The study differs from earlier work by focusing on young first- and second-generation immigrants and by utilizing information over four consecutive years of the Australian Longitudinal Survey (ALS) data, a comprehensive data set compiled for 1985-1988. The results consistently indicate that even when controlling for qualifications, both first- and second-generation immigrants are at a disadvantage."

The relationship between sex roles, fertility, and family size preferences

Interviews regarding sex-role attitudes, sex-role behaviors, fertility, and fertility preferences were conducted with 583 currently married women aged 18 through 49. Separate correlational analyses for blacks, Anglos, and Hispanic women revealed that for Anglos and blacks sex-role attitudes appeared to be more highly associated with children raised and desired fertility than did division of household tasks and decisions. Past and present role behavior outside of the family (i.e., employment experience) were related to fertility and fertility preferences for all three groups. A path analysis, applied for Anglos only, indicated that number of children raised may influence sex-role behavior and attitudes which, in turn, may influence current fertility desires. However, the variable with the largest direct effect on total children desired was the number of children one already has. Various dimensions of sex roles influenced fertility desires in different ways. Traditionalism of attitudes had a positive effect while relative performance of feminine tasks had a negative effect on total number of children wanted.

Act, 29 April 1987

This Act amends Sections 36-2152 36-2153 of the Arizona Revised Statutes, which deal with parental notification requirements for abortions performed on minors. It replaces such notification requirements with a requirement that the treating physician receive written consent from one of the minor's parents or the minor's legal guardian before an abortion is performed. It also eliminates an exception to the notification requirement in cases where the parent or legal guardian cannot be located.

Judgment, 10 October 1986

While married to the defendant wife, the plaintiff husband agreed to have a child by artificial insemination of the wife with the semen of another man. After the couple was divorced, the husband brought a successful action to disclaim paternity of the child born as a result of the artificial insemination. He then attempted to have support payments agreed to in the divorce settlement set aside since he was not the father of the child. The Court ruled against him, holding that the child was a third party beneficiary of the contract between the couple to have a child through artificial insemination; as such it was owed an obligation of support by the plaintiff, no matter what the status of the child's paternity.

S.M. v. R.P., 1987

The Court agreed to issue a declaration of paternity with respect to an unborn child conceived as the result of a surrogate mother contract. The pregnant mother brought the action. She had been artificially inseminated with the sperm of her sister's husband and wanted him to be declared the father of the child. None of the parties to the case contested paternity or custody and the Court deemed it unnecessary to have a blood test performed.

[Children as a burden, children as a joy: theses on family formation and number of children]

"This article surveys significant changes in fertility and nuptiality in Central and Western Europe since the middle of the 19th century. In this context the secular decline in birth rates is understood as a consequence of changes in the social structure as well as of diffusion of social norms." It is noted that for the period after 1920, and especially after 1950, no "determinants" exist that can completely explain fluctuations in marriages and births. "Hence, the central thesis of this article is the following: There is no stable pattern of family formation in a modern industrial society and the number of children is not directly linked to mortality conditions or economic constraints. Subsequently, the article develops several hypotheses concerning the significance of marriage and parenting in the late 20th century, and points out that ups and downs in marriages, divorces, and births may be seen in analogy to other fashion-like processes (such as consumer behavior or social behavior)." (summary in ENG)