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Luchting B, Rachinger-Adam B, Zeitler J, Egenberger L, Möhnle P, Kreth S, Azad SC. Disrupted TH17/Treg balance in patients with chronic low back pain. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104883. [PMID: 25122126 PMCID: PMC4133258 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is a leading cause of disability and costs in health care systems worldwide. Despite extensive research, the exact pathogenesis of CLBP, particularly the individual risk of chronification remains unclear. To investigate a possible role of the adaptive immune system in the pathophysiology of CLBP, we analyzed T cell related cytokine profiles, T cell related mRNA expression patterns and the distribution of T cell subsets in 37 patients suffering from nonspecific CLBP before and after multimodal therapy in comparison to 25 healthy controls. Serum patterns of marker cytokines were analyzed by Luminex technology, mRNA expression of cytokines and specific transcription factors was measured by real-time PCR, and distribution of TH1-, TH2-, TH17- and regulatory T cell (Tregs) subsets was determined by multicolor flow cytometry. We found that CLBP patients exhibit an increased number of anti-inflammatory Tregs, while pro-inflammatory TH17 cells are decreased, resulting in an altered TH17/Treg ratio. Accordingly, FoxP3 and TGF-β-mRNA expression was elevated, while expression of IL-23 was reduced. Serum cytokine analyses proved to be unsuitable to monitor the adaptive immune response in CLBP patients. We further show that even after successful therapy with lasting reduction of pain, T cell subset patterns remained altered after a follow-up period of 6 months. These findings suggest an involvement of TH17/Treg cells in the pathogenesis of CLBP and emphasize the importance of these cells in the crosstalk of pain and immune response. Trial Registration German Clinical Trial Register: Registration Trial DRKS00005954.
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Meissner EG, Wu D, Osinusi A, Bon D, Virtaneva K, Sturdevant D, Porcella S, Wang H, Herrmann E, McHutchison J, Suffredini AF, Polis M, Hewitt S, Prokunina-Olsson L, Masur H, Fauci AS, Kottilil S. Endogenous intrahepatic IFNs and association with IFN-free HCV treatment outcome. J Clin Invest 2014; 124:3352-63. [PMID: 24983321 PMCID: PMC4109554 DOI: 10.1172/jci75938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infects approximately 170 million people worldwide and may lead to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma in chronically infected individuals. Treatment is rapidly evolving from IFN-α-based therapies to IFN-α-free regimens that consist of directly acting antiviral agents (DAAs), which demonstrate improved efficacy and tolerability in clinical trials. Virologic relapse after DAA therapy is a common cause of treatment failure; however, it is not clear why relapse occurs or whether certain individuals are more prone to recurrent viremia. METHODS. We conducted a clinical trial using the DAA sofosbuvir plus ribavirin (SOF/RBV) and performed detailed mRNA expression analysis in liver and peripheral blood from patients who achieved either a sustained virologic response (SVR) or relapsed. RESULTS. On-treatment viral clearance was accompanied by rapid downregulation of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) in liver and blood, regardless of treatment outcome. Analysis of paired pretreatment and end of treatment (EOT) liver biopsies from SVR patients showed that viral clearance was accompanied by decreased expression of type II and III IFNs, but unexpectedly increased expression of the type I IFN IFNA2. mRNA expression of ISGs was higher in EOT liver biopsies of patients who achieved SVR than in patients who later relapsed. CONCLUSION. These results suggest that restoration of type I intrahepatic IFN signaling by EOT may facilitate HCV eradication and prevention of relapse upon withdrawal of SOF/RBV. TRIAL REGISTRATION. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01441180.
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Mei S, Wang H, Fu R, Qu W, Xing L, Wang G, Song J, Liu H, Li L, Wang X, Wu Y, Guan J, Ruan E, Shao Z. Hepcidin and GDF15 in anemia of multiple myeloma. Int J Hematol 2014; 100:266-73. [PMID: 25052873 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-014-1626-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant disease of plasma cells and is often accompanied by anemia which may influence its progression and survival. The mechanism of anemia of chronic disease (ACD) in which iron homeostasis is impaired underlies that of MM-related anemia. In this study, we analyzed the role of hepcidin which is the main mediator of ACD and ACD-related cytokines in peripheral blood of MM patients. We showed that HAMP mRNA and growth differentiation factors 15 (GDF15) mRNA expressions in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and plasma hepcidin, GDF15, interleukin-6 and erythropoietin in MM patients all increased significantly as compared to those in controls. In MM patients, the expression of HAMP mRNA showed a positive correlation with serum ferritin level, and a negative correlation with hemoglobin level. The levels of plasma hepcidin and GDF15 were significantly decreased in MM patients who achieved complete remission after six cycles VD (bortezomib + dexamethasone) regimen chemotherapy. These data indicated that overexpression of HAMP mRNA in PBMCs significantly correlated with increased plasma hepcidin level and may be involved in the pathogenesis of MM-related anemia. Furthermore, the levels of plasma hepcidin and GDF15 may be valuable in assessing the progress of MM.
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254
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Ling L, Zhao P, Yan G, Chen M, Zhang T, Wang L, Jiang Y. The frequency of Th17 and Th22 cells in patients with colorectal cancer at pre-operation and post-operation. Immunol Invest 2014; 44:56-69. [PMID: 25026244 DOI: 10.3109/08820139.2014.936445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
T helper 17 (Th17) and Th22 cells regulate the development of tumors. However, their roles in the development of colorectal cancer (CRC) are still unclear. A total of 49 patients with CRC and 18 healthy controls (HC) were evaluated for the percentages of circulating Th17 and Th22 cells by flow cytometry. The concentrations of serum interleukin-17A (IL-17A), IL-22 and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) were examined. The levels of IL-17A and IL-22 in tumors were determined by real-time PCR. We found that the percentages of Th17 and Th22 cells in the CRC patients were significantly lower than that in the HC and were associated negatively with the pathological stages of CRC. The levels of IL-17A and IL-22 mRNA transcripts were lower in the tumor tissues, particularly in the advanced CRC. After the tumor resection, the percentages of circulating Th17 and Th22 cells increased. These data suggest that decreased Th17 and Th22 responses may be associated with the development of CRC.
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Lauseker M, Hanfstein B, Haferlach C, Schnittger S, Pfirrmann M, Fabarius A, Schlegelberger B, Saußele S, Dietz CT, Erben P, Hehlmann R, Hasford J, Hochhaus A, Müller MC. Equivalence of BCR-ABL transcript levels with complete cytogenetic remission in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic phase. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2014; 140:1965-9. [PMID: 24952896 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-014-1746-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients are monitored by both cytogenetic and molecular assessments, although present guidelines appear to switch from cytogenetic to molecular criteria. Due to the increasing use of molecular measurements, it was the aim of this work to identify a BCR-ABL level according to the international scale (BCR-ABL(IS)) as an equivalent substitute for complete cytogenetic remission (CCyR). METHODS In total, 1,329 paired data from 557 patients of the German CML-Study IV were evaluated. The data set was divided into a learning set and a validation set. The best cutoff was determined applying a minimal p value approach to the Fisher test. RESULTS In the learning set, we found BCR-ABL(IS) values between 0.2 and 1.1 % were well suited for predicting a CCyR. In the validation set, the cutoff level of 1 % led to a mean concordance rate of 90.1 %. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that there is no one-to-one cutoff for BCR-ABL(IS) representing CCyR, but we advise to use the 1 % BCR-ABL(IS) in order to avoid misclassification of CCyR patients.
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MESH Headings
- Biomarkers, Tumor/blood
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/blood
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics
- Gene Expression
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/blood
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/therapy
- Molecular Diagnostic Techniques
- RNA, Messenger/blood
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Remission Induction
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Wang W, Li Y, Zhang X, Jing J, Zhao X, Wang Y, Han C. Evaluating the significance of expression of CEA mRNA and levels of CEA and its related proteins in colorectal cancer patients. J Surg Oncol 2014; 109:440-4. [PMID: 24783267 DOI: 10.1002/jso.23503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the clinical significance of expression of CEA mRNA and serum CEA and the related proteins in colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS Blood samples were collected from 370 CRC patients and 350 controls. CEA mRNA was determined by RT-PCR and levels of CEA, CA19-9, CA242, and CA724 were examined with chemiluminescence. RESULTS The positive rate of jointly detecting serum CEA, CA19-9, CA242, and CA724 was significantly higher than CEA mRNA expressions (P < 0.01), both positive rates were significantly correlated with TNM stage, lymph node, and visceral metastasis. The positive rate of jointly detecting in patients with poorly differentiated tumor was significantly higher than that in patients with highly differentiated tumor (P < 0.01). By contrast, CEA mRNA expression was not related with histopathologic grading. Postoperative follow-up found that all patients with high levels of CEA mRNA and serum CEA and the related proteins had liver, lung, pelvis, or other distant metastases. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that high expressions of CEA mRNA and high levels of serum CEA and the related proteins are associated with the incidence and advanced of CRC. In addition, joint detection of serum CEA and the related proteins is more sensitivity than examination of serum CEA mRNA.
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MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma/blood
- Adenocarcinoma/chemistry
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate/analysis
- Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate/blood
- Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
- Biomarkers, Tumor/blood
- Carcinoembryonic Antigen/analysis
- Carcinoembryonic Antigen/blood
- Carcinoembryonic Antigen/genetics
- Carcinoma, Signet Ring Cell/blood
- Carcinoma, Signet Ring Cell/chemistry
- Colorectal Neoplasms/blood
- Colorectal Neoplasms/chemistry
- Colorectal Neoplasms/pathology
- Female
- Follow-Up Studies
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Lymphatic Metastasis
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Staging
- Predictive Value of Tests
- RNA, Messenger/analysis
- RNA, Messenger/blood
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Sensitivity and Specificity
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Al Joudi FS. Human mammaglobin in breast cancer: a brief review of its clinical utility. Indian J Med Res 2014; 139:675-85. [PMID: 25027076 PMCID: PMC4140031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Human mammaglobin is a member of the uteroglobin proteins family that has recently been tested as a specific marker for breast cancer. While low levels may be seen in normal breast tissue, expression is increased dramatically in breast cancer and is correlated with higher grade. Detection in blood and body fluids is also correlated with cancer metastasis, and its levels with prognosis. This promises to be a useful screen for early detection of breast cancer, especially in high risk individuals. Mammoglobin has also been used for immunotherapeutic targeting of breast cancer cells. However, there are some controversies regarding its diagnostic efficacy and prognostic value, which warrant further study.
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Li Y, Xu KS, Li JS, Jia WD, Liu WB, He XD, Xu GL. The Research of No-Touch Isolation Technique on the Prevention of Postoperative Recurrence and Metastasis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma after Hepatectomy. HEPATO-GASTROENTEROLOGY 2014; 61:784-791. [PMID: 26176074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS To evaluate the efficacy of a surgical no-touch isolation technique in primary hepatocellular carcinoma patients compared with traditional hepatectomy. METHODOLOGY Eighty hepatocellular carcinoma patients were randomly divided into traditional hepatectomy (n = 40) and no-touch isolation technique groups (n = 40). We compared peripheral blood variations in alpha-fetoprotein mRNA, miRNA-221, miRNA-224, and miRNA-122 expression levels in both groups pre- and postoperatively using real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS The patients in the no-touch isolation technique group had better clinical curative effect. In the traditional hepatectomy group, variations in alpha-fetoprotein mRNA copy number pre- and postoperatively indirectly indicated a significant increase in the number of exfoliated carcinoma cells induced by manipulating the liver, increasing the risk of postoperative recurrence and metastasis (P < 0.05). Traditional hepatectomy patients showed higher increases in miRNA-221 and miRNA-224 expression than those in the no-touch isolation technique group (P < 0.05). Tumor resection resulted in preoperative expression and high postoperative expression of miRNA-122. No-touch isolation technique patients showed a slight and significant increase (P < 0.01) in miRNA-122, which was positively correlated with postoperative liver function index. Conclusion: The no-touch isolation technique is more effective than traditional hepa- tectomy in tumor resection for primary hepatocellular carcinoma.
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MESH Headings
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/blood
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/genetics
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/mortality
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/secondary
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/surgery
- China
- Hepatectomy/adverse effects
- Hepatectomy/methods
- Hepatectomy/mortality
- Humans
- Liver Neoplasms/blood
- Liver Neoplasms/genetics
- Liver Neoplasms/mortality
- Liver Neoplasms/pathology
- Liver Neoplasms/surgery
- Male
- MicroRNAs/blood
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/blood
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/genetics
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/mortality
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/pathology
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/prevention & control
- Neoplastic Cells, Circulating/metabolism
- Neoplastic Cells, Circulating/pathology
- RNA, Messenger/blood
- Risk Factors
- Time Factors
- Treatment Outcome
- alpha-Fetoproteins/genetics
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Ge L, Shan Z, Han Q, Hu J, Liu H, Guan Q, Qu X, Chen K. [Clinical significance of serum telomerase mRNA in patients with prostate cancer]. ZHONGHUA YI XUE ZA ZHI 2014; 94:1048-1050. [PMID: 24851885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the clinical significance of detecting serum mRNA of telomerase in the diagnosis of prostate cancer. METHODS Serum samples were collected from 29 patients with prostate cancer and 29 age-matched patients with cardiovascular or metabolic disease as non-tumor controls. Sera samples from 15 healthy age-matched subjects were used as healthy control. Detection of serum telomerase mRNA was performed with real-time reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS Serum telomerase mRNA was detectable in 89.7% (26/29) patients with prostate cancer, but almost undetectable in non-tumor (6.9%, 2/29) and healthy control groups(1/14). CONCLUSION Using real-time PCR for detecting serum telomerase mRNA may be an auxiliary method for diagnosing and monitoring of prostate cancer.
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Saenger Y, Magidson J, Liaw B, de Moll E, Harcharik S, Fu Y, Wassmann K, Fisher D, Kirkwood J, Oh WK, Friedlander P. Blood mRNA expression profiling predicts survival in patients treated with tremelimumab. Clin Cancer Res 2014; 20:3310-8. [PMID: 24721645 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-13-2906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Tremelimumab (ticilimumab, Pfizer), is a monoclonal antibody (mAb) targeting cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4). Ipilimumab (Yervoy, BMS), another anti-CTLA-4 antibody, is approved by the U.S. Federal Drug Administration (FDA). Biomarkers are needed to identify the subset of patients who will achieve tumor control with CTLA-4 blockade. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Pretreatment peripheral blood samples from 218 patients with melanoma who were refractory to prior therapy and receiving tremelimumab in a multicenter phase II study were measured for 169 mRNA transcripts using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). A two-class latent model yielded a risk score based on four genes that were highly predictive of survival (P < 0.001). This signature was validated in an independent population of 260 treatment-naïve patients with melanoma enrolled in a multicenter phase III study of tremelimumab. RESULTS Median follow-up was 297 days for the training population and 386 days for the test population. Expression levels of the 169 genes were closely correlated across the two populations (r = 0.9939). A four-gene model, including cathepsin D (CTSD), phopholipase A2 group VII (PLA2G7), thioredoxin reductase 1 (TXNRD1), and interleukin 1 receptor-associated kinase 3 (IRAK3), predicted survival in the test population (P = 0.001 by log-rank test). This four-gene model added to the predictive value of clinical predictors (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Expression levels of CTSD, PLA2G7, TXNRD1, and IRAK3 in peripheral blood are predictive of survival in patients with melanoma treated with tremelimumab. Blood mRNA signatures should be further explored to define patient subsets likely to benefit from immunotherapy.
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261
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Gao G, Brahmanandam V, Raicu M, Gu L, Zhou L, Kasturirangan S, Shah A, Negi SI, Wood MR, Desai AA, Tatooles A, Schwartz A, Dudley SC. Enhanced risk profiling of implanted defibrillator shocks with circulating SCN5A mRNA splicing variants: a pilot trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 2014; 63:2261-9. [PMID: 24703920 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2014.02.588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Revised: 01/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to determine the association of SCN5A cardiac sodium (Na(+)) channel mRNA splice variants in white blood cells (WBCs) with risk of arrhythmias in heart failure (HF). BACKGROUND HF is associated with upregulation of two cardiac SCN5A mRNA splice variants that encode prematurely truncated, nonfunctional Na(+) channels. Because circulating WBCs demonstrate similar SCN5A splicing patterns, we hypothesized that these WBC-derived splice variants might further stratify patients with HF who are at risk for arrhythmias. METHODS Simultaneously obtained myocardial core samples and WBCs were compared for SCN5A variants C (VC) and D (VD). Circulating variant levels were compared among patients with HF, divided into three groups: HF without an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD), HF with an ICD without appropriate intervention, and HF with an ICD with appropriate intervention. RESULTS Myocardial tissue-derived SCN5A variant expression levels strongly correlated with circulating WBC samples for both VC and VD variants (r = 0.78 and 0.75, respectively). After controlling for covariates, patients with HF who had received an appropriate ICD intervention had higher expression levels of both WBC-derived SCN5A variants compared with patients with HF with ICDs who had not received appropriate ICD intervention (odds ratio, 3.25; 95% CI, 1.64-6.45; p = 0.001). Receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed that circulating SCN5A variant levels were highly associated with the risk for appropriate ICD intervention (area under the curve ≥0.97). CONCLUSIONS Circulating expression levels of SCN5A variants were strongly associated with myocardial tissue levels. Furthermore, circulating variant levels were correlative with arrhythmic risk as measured by ICD events in an HF population within 1 year. (Sodium Channel Splicing in Heart Failure Trial [SOCS-HEFT]; NCT01185587).
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Viprey VF, Gregory WM, Corrias MV, Tchirkov A, Swerts K, Vicha A, Dallorso S, Brock P, Luksch R, Valteau-Couanet D, Papadakis V, Laureys G, Pearson AD, Ladenstein R, Burchill SA. Neuroblastoma mRNAs predict outcome in children with stage 4 neuroblastoma: a European HR-NBL1/SIOPEN study. J Clin Oncol 2014; 32:1074-83. [PMID: 24590653 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2013.53.3604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the hypothesis that detection of neuroblastoma mRNAs by reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RTqPCR) in peripheral blood (PB) and bone marrow aspirates (BM) from children with stage 4 neuroblastoma are clinically useful biomarkers of risk. METHODS RTqPCR for paired-like homeobox 2b (PHOX2B), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), and doublecortin (DCX) mRNA in PB and BM of children enrolled onto the High-Risk Neuroblastoma Trial-1 of the European Society of Pediatric Oncology Neuroblastoma Group (HR-NBL1/SIOPEN) was performed at diagnosis and after induction therapy. RESULTS High levels of TH, PHOX2B, or DCX mRNA in PB or BM at diagnosis strongly predicted for worse event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) in a cohort of 290 children. After induction therapy, high levels of these mRNAs predicted worse EFS and OS in BM but not in PB. Combinations of mRNAs in BM did not add to the predictive power of any single mRNA. However, in the original (n = 182) and validation (n = 137) PB cohorts, high TH (log10TH > 0.8) or high PHOX2B (log10PHOX2B > 0.28) identify 19% of children as ultrahigh risk, with 5-year EFS and OS rates of 0%; OS rate was 25% (95% CI, 16% to 36%) and EFS rate was 38% (95% CI, 28% to 49%) in the remaining children. The magnitude of reduction in mRNA level between diagnosis and postinduction therapy in BM or PB was not of additional predictive value. CONCLUSION High levels of TH and PHOX2B mRNA in PB at diagnosis objectively identify children with ultrahigh-risk disease who may benefit from novel treatment approaches. The level of TH, PHOX2B, and DCX mRNA in BM and/or PB at diagnosis might contribute to an algorithm to improve stratification of children for treatment.
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Liu Z, Li X, Sun N, Xu Y, Meng Y, Yang C, Wang Y, Zhang K. Microarray profiling and co-expression network analysis of circulating lncRNAs and mRNAs associated with major depressive disorder. PLoS One 2014; 9:e93388. [PMID: 24676134 PMCID: PMC3968145 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
LncRNAs, which represent one of the most highly expressed classes of ncRNAs in the brain, are becoming increasingly interesting with regard to brain functions and disorders. However, changes in the expression of regulatory lncRNAs in Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) have not yet been reported. Using microarrays, we profiled the expression of 34834 lncRNAs and 39224 mRNAs in peripheral blood sampled from MDD patients as well as demographically-matched controls. Among these, we found that 2007 lncRNAs and 1667 mRNAs were differentially expressed, 17 of which were documented as depression-related gene in previous studies. Gene Ontology (GO) and pathway analyses indicated that the biological functions of differentially expressed mRNAs were related to fundamental metabolic processes and neurodevelopment diseases. To investigate the potential regulatory roles of the differentially expressed lncRNAs on the mRNAs, we also constructed co-expression networks composed of the lncRNAs and mRNAs, which shows significant correlated patterns of expression. In the MDD-derived network, there were a greater number of nodes and connections than that in the control-derived network. The lncRNAs located at chr10:874695-874794, chr10:75873456-75873642, and chr3:47048304-47048512 may be important factors regulating the expression of mRNAs as they have previously been reported associations with MDD. This study is the first to explore genome-wide lncRNA expression and co-expression with mRNA patterns in MDD using microarray technology. We identified circulating lncRNAs that are aberrantly expressed in MDD and the results suggest that lncRNAs may contribute to the molecular pathogenesis of MDD.
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Zhang B, Chen M, Yang H, Wu T, Song C, Guo R. Evidence for involvement of the CD40/CD40L system in post-stroke epilepsy. Neurosci Lett 2014; 567:6-10. [PMID: 24657679 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2014.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Revised: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Post-stroke epilepsy (PSE) has a negative effect on stroke prognosis and quality of life. The CD40/CD40L system is reported to be involved in the progression of multiple disease states. We investigated the association between functional polymorphism of CD40 and PSE susceptibility, and we also explored the role of the CD40/CD40L system in PSE. A case-control study was performed in 410 ischemic stroke (IS) patients and in 389 PSE patients. Genotyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). The CD40 mRNA and protein levels were determined by real-time PCR and western blotting, respectively. The plasma sCD40L level was detected using an ELISA kit. The frequency of the T allele in PSE patients was significantly higher than in IS patients (P<0.05). The plasma sCD40L level was significantly higher in the PSE patients than in the healthy controls and IS patients (P<0.01, P<0.05, respectively). The peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from PSE patients showed significantly higher CD40 mRNA and protein expression than the healthy controls and IS patients (P<0.01, P<0.05, respectively). In the PSE patients, the T-allele carriers showed increased plasma sCD40L levels and increased CD40 mRNA expression. Our study suggested that the T allele of the CD40 -1C/T polymorphism may be associated with PSE susceptibility. The CD40/CD40L system is involved in the process of PSE.
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Shin H, Shannon CP, Fishbane N, Ruan J, Zhou M, Balshaw R, Wilson-McManus JE, Ng RT, McManus BM, Tebbutt SJ. Variation in RNA-Seq transcriptome profiles of peripheral whole blood from healthy individuals with and without globin depletion. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91041. [PMID: 24608128 PMCID: PMC3946641 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 02/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The molecular profile of circulating blood can reflect physiological and pathological events occurring in other tissues and organs of the body and delivers a comprehensive view of the status of the immune system. Blood has been useful in studying the pathobiology of many diseases. It is accessible and easily collected making it ideally suited to the development of diagnostic biomarker tests. The blood transcriptome has a high complement of globin RNA that could potentially saturate next-generation sequencing platforms, masking lower abundance transcripts. Methods to deplete globin mRNA are available, but their effect has not been comprehensively studied in peripheral whole blood RNA-Seq data. In this study we aimed to assess technical variability associated with globin depletion in addition to assessing general technical variability in RNA-Seq from whole blood derived samples. Results We compared technical and biological replicates having undergone globin depletion or not and found that the experimental globin depletion protocol employed removed approximately 80% of globin transcripts, improved the correlation of technical replicates, allowed for reliable detection of thousands of additional transcripts and generally increased transcript abundance measures. Differential expression analysis revealed thousands of genes significantly up-regulated as a result of globin depletion. In addition, globin depletion resulted in the down-regulation of genes involved in both iron and zinc metal ion bonding. Conclusions Globin depletion appears to meaningfully improve the quality of peripheral whole blood RNA-Seq data, and may improve our ability to detect true biological variation. Some concerns remain, however. Key amongst them the significant reduction in RNA yields following globin depletion. More generally, our investigation of technical and biological variation with and without globin depletion finds that high-throughput sequencing by RNA-Seq is highly reproducible within a large dynamic range of detection and provides an accurate estimation of RNA concentration in peripheral whole blood. High-throughput sequencing is thus a promising technology for whole blood transcriptomics and biomarker discovery.
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Coelho AL, Araújo A, Gomes M, Catarino R, Marques A, Medeiros R. Circulating Ang-2 mRNA expression levels: looking ahead to a new prognostic factor for NSCLC [corrected]. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90009. [PMID: 24587185 PMCID: PMC3938581 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common cancer and the leading cause of death from cancer worldwide. Antiangiogenic strategies directed towards tumor stroma are becoming gold standard in NSCLC treatment and researchers have been searching for biomarkers to identify patients for whom therapy with antiangiogenic inhibitors may be most beneficial and the importance of these as prognostic factors in NSCLC. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of circulating Ang-2 mRNA levels prior to treatment in NSCLC patients. The mRNA levels were determined by quantitative real-time PCR in the peripheral blood of 92 NSCLC patients. Our results demonstrate that patients with high circulating Ang-2 mRNA levels have diminished overall survival when compared to those with low mRNA levels (20.3 months vs 34.3 months, respectively; Log Rank Test, p = 0.016), when considering all NSCLC stages and this difference is even bigger when considering only patients with stage IV (15.9 months vs 31.3 months, respectively; Log Rank Test, p = 0.036). Moreover, circulating Ang-2 mRNA levels independently determine overall survival, and the concordance (c) index analysis showed that the definition of a nomogram that contains information regarding tumor stage, patients' smoking status and circulating Ang-2 mRNA levels present an increased capacity to predict overall survival in NSCLC patients (c-index 0.798). These results suggest that this nomogram could serve as a unique and practical tool to determine prognosis in NSCLC, not relying on the availability of adequate surgical or biopsy specimens of NSCLC. Attending to our results, the circulating Ang-2 mRNA levels should also be included in the design of preclinical studies and clinical trials involving antiangiogenic drugs targeting Ang-2, to guide adequate patient stratification and dose selection and increasing the likelihood of benefit to a level that is acceptable to patients and clinicians.
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Deere JD, Kauffman RC, Cannavo E, Higgins J, Villalobos A, Adamson L, Schinazi RF, Luciw PA, North TW. Analysis of multiply spliced transcripts in lymphoid tissue reservoirs of rhesus macaques infected with RT-SHIV during HAART. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87914. [PMID: 24505331 PMCID: PMC3914874 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/01/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) can reduce levels of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) to undetectable levels in infected individuals, but the virus is not eradicated. The mechanisms of viral persistence during HAART are poorly defined, but some reservoirs have been identified, such as latently infected resting memory CD4⁺ T cells. During latency, in addition to blocks at the initiation and elongation steps of viral transcription, there is a block in the export of viral RNA (vRNA), leading to the accumulation of multiply-spliced transcripts in the nucleus. Two of the genes encoded by the multiply-spliced transcripts are Tat and Rev, which are essential early in the viral replication cycle and might indicate the state of infection in a given population of cells. Here, the levels of multiply-spliced transcripts were compared to the levels of gag-containing RNA in tissue samples from RT-SHIV-infected rhesus macaques treated with HAART. Splice site sequence variation was identified during development of a TaqMan PCR assay. Multiply-spliced transcripts were detected in gastrointestinal and lymphatic tissues, but not the thymus. Levels of multiply-spliced transcripts were lower than levels of gag RNA, and both correlated with plasma virus loads. The ratio of multiply-spliced to gag RNA was greatest in the gastrointestinal samples from macaques with plasma virus loads <50 vRNA copies per mL at necropsy. Levels of gag RNA and multiply-spliced mRNA in tissues from RT-SHIV-infected macaques correlate with plasma virus load.
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268
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Sehgal A, Chen Q, Gibbings D, Sah DW, Bumcrot D. Tissue-specific gene silencing monitored in circulating RNA. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2014; 20:143-149. [PMID: 24355758 PMCID: PMC3895267 DOI: 10.1261/rna.042507.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Pharmacologic target gene modulation is the primary objective for RNA antagonist strategies and gene therapy. Here we show that mRNAs encoding tissue-specific gene transcripts can be detected in biological fluids and that RNAi-mediated target gene silencing in the liver and brain results in quantitative reductions in serum and cerebrospinal fluid mRNA levels, respectively. Further, administration of an anti-miRNA oligonucleotide resulted in decreased levels of the miRNA in circulation. Moreover, ectopic expression of an adenoviral transgene in the liver was quantified based on measurement of serum mRNA levels. This noninvasive method for monitoring tissue-specific RNA modulation could greatly advance the clinical development of RNA-based therapeutics.
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Chen N, Lv X, Li P, Lu K, Wang X. Role of high expression of IL-9 in prognosis of CLL. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2014; 7:716-721. [PMID: 24551294 PMCID: PMC3925918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a common leukemia in adults, but its pathogenesis is still poorly understood. Interleukin-9 (IL-9) is initially described as a growth factor secreted by helper T cells. Recently, the oncogenic activities of IL-9 were reported in some leukemia but not chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). The purpose of the present study is to investigate the expression of IL-9 from patients with CLL and to evaluate its correlation with clinical characteristics. Serum and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with CLL were analyzed using ELISA, RT-PCR, and western blot. ELISA analysis indicated IL-9 could be detected in 20 of 47 sera from CLL patients while none serum sample from healthy volunteers contained detectable levels of IL-9. There was a higher expression of IL-9 within PBMCs from patients with CLL compared with B cells of healthy blood donors using RT-PCR and western blot. The upregulated IL-9 was correlated to the clinical staging, ZAP-70 expression, β2 microglobulin expression and IgVH status of CLL patients (P<0.05). Our findings suggest that overexpression of IL-9 may contribute to the pathogenesis of CLL and is associated with some adverse prognostic parameters.
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MESH Headings
- Biomarkers, Tumor/blood
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Blotting, Western
- Case-Control Studies
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- Female
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains
- Immunoglobulin Variable Region
- Interleukin-9/blood
- Interleukin-9/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/blood
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/immunology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/immunology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Staging
- RNA, Messenger/blood
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Up-Regulation
- ZAP-70 Protein-Tyrosine Kinase/blood
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Yang SS, Tang L, Li RG, Ge GH, Qu XK, Ma JW, Qiao ZY, Zhang L, Liu HJ, Hou YM, Cao H, Hao ZM, Cheng WB, Wang HW. The effects of subclinical hypothyroidism on serum lipid level and TLR4 expression of monocyte in peripheral blood of rats. NEURO ENDOCRINOLOGY LETTERS 2014; 35:80-86. [PMID: 24625920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/27/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To observe effect of subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) on serum lipid level and expression of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in rats' peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). METHODS Fifty Wistar female rats were divided into three groups: normal control (NC group; n=10), sham group (n=10), and L-T-4 (L-thyroxine) group (n=30, with thyroidectomy, fed with rich-calcium water after operation. 5 weeks later, abdominal subcutaneous injection of L-T-4: 0.95 μg/100g/d). 8 weeks later, the rats were killed then the peripheral blood was collected to determine the levels of serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), total thyroid hormone (TT4), total cholesterol (TC) and low density lipoprotein cholesterin (LDL-C). Rats in L-T-4 group were divided into normal lipid (NL) group) and high lipid (HL) group) according to lipid value of NC group. Monocytes were separated from blood to determine TLR4 expression by flow cytometry. RESULTS In NL and HL groups TSH were higher than in NC and Sham groups (p<0.05). TT4 have no significant differences (p>0.05). TLR4, TLR4 mRNA, NF-κB (p65) were increased (p<0.05). TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β were higher than in NC and sham groups (p<0.01). There were no significant differences of TLR4, TLR4 mRNA, NF-κB (p65), TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β expression between NL and HL groups (p>0.05). CONCLUSION TLR4, TLR4 mRNA, NF-κB (p65) of PBMC and TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β expression in serum were all increased in SCH rats, which was not related to serum dyslipidemia.
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McDermott AM, Kerin MJ, Miller N. Identification and validation of miRNAs as endogenous controls for RQ-PCR in blood specimens for breast cancer studies. PLoS One 2013; 8:e83718. [PMID: 24391813 PMCID: PMC3877087 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction A prerequisite to accurate interpretation of RQ-PCR data is robust data normalization. A commonly used method is to compare the cycle threshold (CT) of target miRNAs with those of a stably expressed endogenous (EC) miRNA(s) from the same sample. Despite the large number of studies reporting miRNA expression patterns, comparatively few appropriate ECs have been reported thus far. The purpose of this study was to identify stably expressed miRNAs with which to normalize RQ-PCR data derived from human blood specimens. Methods MiRNA profiling of approximately 380 miRNAs was performed on RNA derived from blood specimens from 10 women with breast cancer and 10 matched controls. Analysis of mean expression values across the dataset (GME) identified stably expressed candidates. Additional candidates were selected from the literature and analyzed by the geNorm algorithm. Further validation of three candidate ECs by RQ-PCR was performed in a larger cohort (n = 40 cancer, n = 20 control) was performed, including analysis by geNorm and NormFinder algorithms. Results Microarray screening identified 10 candidate ECs with expression patterns closest to the global mean. Geometric averaging of candidate ECs from the literature using geNorm identified miR-425 as the most stably expressed miRNA. MiR-425 and miR-16 were the best combination, achieving the lowest V-value of 0.185. Further validation by RQ-PCR confirmed that miR-16 and miR-425 were the most stably expressed ECs overall. Their combined use to normalize expression data enabled the detection of altered target miRNA expression that reliably differentiated between cancers and controls in human blood specimens. Conclusion This study identified that the combined use of 2 miRNAs, (miR-16 and miR-425) to normalize RQ-PCR data generated more reliable results than using either miRNA alone, or use of U6. Further investigation into suitable ECs for use in miRNA RQ-PCR studies is warranted.
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Ota VK, Noto C, Gadelha A, Santoro ML, Silva PN, Melaragno MI, Smith MDAC, Cordeiro Q, Bressan RA, Belangero SI. Neurotransmitter receptor and regulatory gene expression in peripheral blood of Brazilian drug-naïve first-episode psychosis patients before and after antipsychotic treatment. Psychiatry Res 2013; 210:1290-2. [PMID: 24113126 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2013.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Revised: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about how genes expressed in blood relate to schizophrenia or antipsychotic use. We analyzed gene expression in 10 first-episode psychosis patients and nine controls using PCR Arrays. GABRR2 and CHRNA3 were found to be differentially expressed after risperidone treatment. These genes may be regulated by antipsychotic use.
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273
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Ogata S, Shimizu C, Franco A, Touma R, Kanegaye JT, Choudhury BP, Naidu NN, Kanda Y, Hoang LT, Hibberd ML, Tremoulet AH, Varki A, Burns JC. Treatment response in Kawasaki disease is associated with sialylation levels of endogenous but not therapeutic intravenous immunoglobulin G. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81448. [PMID: 24324693 PMCID: PMC3855660 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Although intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is highly effective in Kawasaki disease (KD), mechanisms are not understood and 10-20% of patients are treatment-resistant, manifesting a higher rate of coronary artery aneurysms. Murine models suggest that α2-6-linked sialic acid (α2-6Sia) content of IVIG is critical for suppressing inflammation. However, pro-inflammatory states also up-regulate endogenous levels of β-galactoside:α2-6 sialyltransferase-I (ST6Gal-I), the enzyme that catalyzes addition of α2-6Sias to N-glycans. We asked whether IVIG failures correlated with levels of α2-6Sia on infused IVIG or on the patient’s own endogenous IgG. Methods We quantified levels of α2-6Sia in infused IVIG and endogenous IgG from 10 IVIG-responsive and 10 resistant KD subjects using multiple approaches. Transcript levels of ST6GAL1, in patient whole blood and B cell lines were evaluated by RT-PCR. Plasma soluble (s)ST6Gal-I levels were measured by ELISA. Results There was no consistent difference in median sialylation levels of infused IVIG between groups. However, α2-6Sia levels in endogenous IgG, ST6GAL1 transcript levels, and ST6Gal-I protein in serum from IVIG-resistant KD subjects were lower than in responsive subjects at both pre-treatment and one-year time points (p <0.001, respectively). Conclusions Our data indicate sialylation levels of therapeutic IVIG are unrelated to treatment response in KD. Rather, lower sialylation of endogenous IgG and lower blood levels of ST6GALI mRNA and ST6Gal-I enzyme predict therapy resistance. These differences were stable over time, suggesting a genetic basis. Because IVIG-resistance increases risk of coronary artery aneurysms, our findings have important implications for the identification and treatment of such individuals.
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Vamvini MT, Aronis KN, Panagiotou G, Huh JY, Chamberland JP, Brinkoetter MT, Petrou M, Christophi CA, Kales SN, Christiani DC, Mantzoros CS. Irisin mRNA and circulating levels in relation to other myokines in healthy and morbidly obese humans. Eur J Endocrinol 2013; 169:829-34. [PMID: 24062354 PMCID: PMC3857961 DOI: 10.1530/eje-13-0276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Skeletal muscle is considered to be an endocrine organ that secretes a number of myokines including follistatin (FST), myostatin (MSTN), activin A, and the newly identified irisin. Irisin's biology and function exhibit similarities with the functions of the FST-MSTN-activin A axis. It remains unknown whether there is any interplay among these molecules. The aim of this study is to examine potential associations of irisin with the FST, MSTN, and activin A axis. METHODS Two observational studies were performed to evaluate the associations of irisin with the other three peptides. Study A included 150 healthy males aged 18.48±0.16 years with BMI 23.18±3.75 kg/m(2). Fasting serum samples were used to measure the levels of the molecules of interest. Study B included 14 morbidly obese individuals, candidates for bariatric surgery, aged 53.14±8.93 years with BMI 50.18±10.63 kg/m(2). Blood samples were obtained after an overnight fast. Eight out of the 14 participants consented to an optional thigh biopsy during their bariatric surgery. Using the above blood and tissue samples, we measured circulating levels and muscle mRNA of irisin, FST, MSTN, and activin A. RESULTS We report that FNDC5 mRNA in muscle is positively correlated with FST mRNA expression in morbidly obese subjects (ρ=0.93, P<0.001). We also found that circulating irisin is positively correlated with FST circulating levels among lean subjects (ρ=0.17, P=0.05) while this association was suggestive among the obese (ρ=0.56, P=0.07). CONCLUSION The newly identified myokine irisin may be positively associated with FST at both the mRNA and circulating protein level.
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Loughrey BV, McGinty A, Young IS, McCance DR, Powell LA. Increased circulating CC chemokine levels in the metabolic syndrome are reduced by low-dose atorvastatin treatment: evidence from a randomized controlled trial. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2013; 79:800-6. [PMID: 23170936 DOI: 10.1111/cen.12113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Revised: 09/18/2012] [Accepted: 11/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Central obesity and insulin resistance are key components of the metabolic syndrome, which is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. In obesity, CC chemokines, such as monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), macrophage inhibitory protein-1β (MIP-1β) and eotaxin-1 and their respective receptors, are critically involved in peripheral monocyte activation and adipose tissue infiltration. The aim of the current study was to examine whether low-dose atorvastatin (10 mg/d) treatment modulated serum levels of CC chemokines in metabolic syndrome subjects. MATERIALS AND METHODS Serum levels of MCP-1, eotaxin-1, MIP-1β, C reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were measured in lean control and metabolic syndrome subjects at baseline, and following a 6-week randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial of atorvastatin (10 mg/d). Peripheral CD14(+) monocytes were isolated and mRNA levels of MCP-1, MIP-1 β and CCR5 determined. RESULTS Serum MCP-1 (P = 0·02), eotaxin-1 (P = 0·02) and MIP-1β (P = 0·03), CRP (P < 0·001) and IL-6 (P = 0·006) were significantly increased in metabolic syndrome in comparison with lean controls. Furthermore, CD14(+) peripheral monocyte mRNA expression of the chemokine receptor, CCR5, of which MIP-1β and eotaxin-1 are ligands, was increased two-fold in the metabolic syndrome group (P = 0·03). In addition to the expected improvements in lipid profile, atorvastatin treatment significantly reduced circulating eotaxin-1 (P < 0·05), MIP-1β (P < 0·05) levels and CD14(+) peripheral monocyte CCR5 mRNA expression (P = 0·02). CONCLUSION These results support a model whereby atorvastatin treatment, by inhibiting CD14(+) monocyte CCR5 expression, may inhibit monocyte trafficking, reduce chronic inflammation and, thus, lower circulating levels of CC chemokines.
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Vignini A, Morganti S, Salvolini E, Sartini D, Luzzi S, Fiorini R, Provinciali L, Di Primio R, Mazzanti L, Emanuelli M. Amyloid precursor protein expression is enhanced in human platelets from subjects with Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal lobar degeneration: a real-time PCR study. Exp Gerontol 2013; 48:1505-1508. [PMID: 24400342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) represent the most frequent causes of early-onset and late-onset degenerative dementia, respectively. A correct diagnosis entails the choice of appropriate therapies. In this view the present study aimed to identify biomarkers that could improve the differential diagnosis. We recently found an overexpression of platelet amyloid precursor protein (APP) in AD; furthermore, recent studies have suggested the presence of changes in APP processing in FTLD. In this context, we analyzed the mRNA expression level of Total APP (TOT) and APP containing a Kunitz-type serine protease inhibitor domain (KPI) in platelets obtained from AD patients, subjects with FTLD, and healthy subjects. In addition, we evaluated the correlation between platelet APP mRNA expression levels and cognitive impairment.Differential gene expression measurements revealed a significant up-regulation of APP TOT and APP KPI in both AD and FTLD patients compared to the controls (being AD/Controls: 1.67 for APP TOT and 1.47 for APP KPI; FTLD/Controls: 1.62 for APP TOT and 1.51 for APP KPI; p < 0.05), although it is interesting to note that in FTLD patients this expression did not correlate with the severity of cognitive impairment.This could be related to a reduced beta-amyloid (Aβ) formation, caused by an alteration of secretase enzymatic activity, even though a post-transcriptional regulation of APP mRNAs in FTLD cannot be excluded.
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Saad Y, El-Serafy M, Eldin MS, Abdellatif Z, Khatab H, Elbaz T, Elgarem H. New genetic markers for diagnosis of hepatitis C related hepatocellular carcinoma in Egyptian patients. JOURNAL OF GASTROINTESTINAL AND LIVER DISEASES : JGLD 2013; 22:419-25. [PMID: 24369324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) enhances effective and curative management. New genetic markers with distinct diagnostic ability are required. AIM determine the expression of GPC3, PEG10, SERPINI1, MK and QP-C in the peripheral blood of HCC patients. METHODS 74 HCV patients were recruited and divided into three groups; chronic hepatitis (I), liver cirrhosis (II) and HCC (III). Demographics, laboratory and imaging data were collected. Child score and metastatic work up were completed. The expression of the five candidate genes in the peripheral blood was performed by qRT-PCR assay. RESULTS Groups were gender matched, age in group I was significantly lower than in groups II and III (37.7 vs 50.4 and 55.6, p value <0.005). CHILD score; group II and III A/B/C = (7/5/6) and (20/6/3). AFP was significantly higher in group III than I and II (204 vs 3.9 and 6.9, p < 0.01). In HCC group 69% of the lesions were < 5 cm, and had 1-2 nodules; 14% had metastases. GPC3, PEG10, SERPINI1 and MK mRNA were significantly higher in the HCC group compared to the other groups while QP-C mRNA was higher in chronic hepatitis C group compared to other groups. The gene expression values in HCC patients were independent of the tumor size, AFP levels or extrahepatic metastasis. Combined measurement of the five gene markers showed 100% sensitivity and 33% specificity, 48% PPV and 100% NPV. CONCLUSION GPC3, PEG10, SERPINI1 and MK are genetic markers that can represent a useful tool for detection of HCC.
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Wada K, Nagai H, Hagiwara T, Ibe S, Utsumi M, Kaneda T. Delayed HIV-1 Infection of CD4+T Lymphocytes from Therapy-Naïve Patients Demonstrated by Quantification of HIV-1 DNA Copy Numbers. Microbiol Immunol 2013; 48:767-72. [PMID: 15502410 DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.2004.tb03603.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Measuring the amount of HIV-1 DNA in infected cells is important to estimate the size of the viral reservoir in patients. However, the clinical impact of the intracellular viral DNA level remains unclear. The present study examines the clinical significance of the HIV-1 DNA level in peripheral CD4+ T lymphocytes from 21 therapy-naïve patients. HIV-1 DNA levels in purified peripheral CD4+ T lymphocytes were measured by the real-time PCR method using the Roche LightCycler system that can detect 200 copies/10(6) cells. We detected intracellular HIV-1 DNA in 15 (71.4%) of 21 patients at levels ranging from 270 to 98,120 copies/10(6) CD4+ cells, with a median of 2,220 copies/10(6) cells. We also found HIV-1 DNA that was below the detection limit in the remaining 6 patients, although 8,800-150,000 copies/ml of HIV-1 RNA were detected in plasma. Circular HIV-1 DNA was not detected in 5 of 6 cases, suggesting that reverse transcription in CD4+ T lymphocytes of these cases was not active. Thus, delayed HIV-1 infection of CD4+ T lymphocytes was demonstrated in these patients. The level of HIV-1 DNA in peripheral CD4+ T lymphocytes indicates the clinical status of therapy-naïve patients.
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Shao L, Zhang P, Zhang Y, Lu Q, Ma A. TLR3 and TLR4 as potential clinically biomarkers of cardiovascular risk in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients. Heart Vessels 2013; 29:690-8. [PMID: 24146036 DOI: 10.1007/s00380-013-0421-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD), as a lipid-driven and inflammation-driven disease, has threatened thousands of patients' lives. Toll-like receptors, the most characterized innate immune receptors, have recently been demonstrated to play a key role in coronary artery disease, particularly Toll-like receptor (TLR) 3 and TLR4. We examined TLR3, TLR4, and associated inflammatory factors expression in monocytes and their signaling pathway proteins in patients with varying degrees of coronary artery atherosclerosis [group S (single diseased vessel), n = 36; group D (double diseased vessels), n = 36; group T (three diseased vessels), n = 33 compared with controls (n = 35)]. In mononuclear cells, TLR3 mRNA and protein, and IRF-3 were significantly down-regulated as the coronary arteries stenosis number increased. However, TLR4 mRNA and protein, and MyD88 were significantly increased in patients with coronary artery stenosis compared with controls, and were associated with the number of stenoses. In serum, there was significant up-regulation in TNF-α, IL-8, and MCP-1 and obvious down-regulation in INF-β and IP-10 with severity of CAD. This study demonstrates differential expression of TLR3 and TLR4 at both the mRNA and protein level in both mononuclear cells and downstream serum readouts of patients with CAD compared with the control. The expression of TLR4 and TLR3 closely correlated with the severity of coronary artery disease as reflected by the number of coronary artery stenoses. TLR3 and TLR4 have the potential to be a clinically useful biomarker of cardiovascular risk.
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Wang W, Zhang R, Xing Y, Zhang S, Hu D, Wu J, He J, Yang X, Fu J, Zhao H, Hu L. [Changes and the implications of CD4(+);CD25(+);CD127(low); regulatory T cells in drug addicts during natural drug withdrawal]. Xi Bao Yu Fen Zi Mian Yi Xue Za Zhi 2013; 29:1072-1075. [PMID: 24103268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the changes of CD4(+);CD25(+);CD127(low); regulatory T cells (Tregs) and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in drug addicts during natural drug withdrawal, and explore the effects of addictive drugs on their Tregs. METHODS Peripheral blood was collected from 40 drug addicts with 6-month natural withdrawal, 40 cases with 18-month natural withdrawal and 30 healthy controls. Then the Tregs were counted by flow cytometry and TGF-β1 mRNA expression in PBMCs was detected by RT-PCR. RESULTS Compared with the controls, Tregs and TGF-β1 mRNA expression in PBMCs increased significantly in the group with one 18-month natural withdrawal, but no significant difference was found in the group with 6-month natural withdrawal. CONCLUSION Addictive drugs have a long-term effect on the Tregs in drug addicts, and the abnormal Tregs may result in the immune dysfunction in drug addicts.
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281
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Dhar I, Dhar A, Wu L, Desai KM. Increased methylglyoxal formation with upregulation of renin angiotensin system in fructose fed Sprague Dawley rats. PLoS One 2013; 8:e74212. [PMID: 24040205 PMCID: PMC3769342 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The current epidemic of obesity and type 2 diabetes is attributed to a high carbohydrate diet, containing mainly high fructose corn syrup and sucrose. More than two thirds of diabetic patients have hypertension. Methylglyoxal is a highly reactive dicarbonyl generated during glucose and fructose metabolism, and a major precursor of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Plasma methylglyoxal levels are increased in hypertensive rats and diabetic patients. Our aim was to examine the levels of methylglyoxal, mediators of the renin angiotensin system and blood pressure in male Sprague-Dawley rats treated with a high fructose diet (60% of total calories) for 4 months. The thoracic aorta and kidney were used for molecular studies, along with cultured vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). HPLC, Western blotting and Q-PCR were used to measure methylglyoxal and reduced glutathione (GSH), proteins and mRNA, respectively. Fructose treated rats developed a significant increase in blood pressure. Methylglyoxal level and protein and mRNA for angiotensin II, AT1 receptor, adrenergic α1D receptor and renin were significantly increased, whereas GSH levels were decreased, in the aorta and/or kidney of fructose fed rats. The protein expression of the receptor for AGEs (RAGE) and NF-κB were also significantly increased in the aorta of fructose fed rats. MG treated VSMCs showed increased protein for angiotensin II, AT1 receptor, and α1D receptor. The effects of methylglyoxal were attenuated by metformin, a methylglyoxal scavenger and AGEs inhibitor. In conclusion, we report a strong association between elevated levels of methylglyoxal, RAGE, NF-κB, mediators of the renin angiotensin system and blood pressure in high fructose diet fed rats.
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MESH Headings
- Angiotensin II/blood
- Angiotensin II/genetics
- Animals
- Aorta, Thoracic/drug effects
- Aorta, Thoracic/metabolism
- Aorta, Thoracic/pathology
- Blood Pressure/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Dietary Carbohydrates/adverse effects
- Fructose/adverse effects
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Glutathione/blood
- Kidney/drug effects
- Kidney/metabolism
- Kidney/pathology
- Male
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- NF-kappa B/blood
- NF-kappa B/genetics
- Pyruvaldehyde/blood
- Pyruvaldehyde/pharmacology
- RNA, Messenger/blood
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1/blood
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1/genetics
- Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-1/blood
- Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-1/genetics
- Receptors, Immunologic/blood
- Receptors, Immunologic/genetics
- Renin/blood
- Renin/genetics
- Renin-Angiotensin System/drug effects
- Renin-Angiotensin System/genetics
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282
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Zhou G, Chiu D, Qin D, Niu L, Cai J, He L, Tan D, Xu K. Expression of CD44v6 and integrin-β1 for the prognosis evaluation of pancreatic cancer patients after cryosurgery. Diagn Pathol 2013; 8:146. [PMID: 24004467 PMCID: PMC3846138 DOI: 10.1186/1746-1596-8-146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many previous studies demonstrated that cell adhesion molecules CD44v6 and integrin-β1 had been extensively investigated as potential prognostic markers of various cancers. However, data in PC are scarce. METHODS We now investigate CD44v6 and integrin-β1 mRNA expression in PBMC by a triplex real-time RT-PCR assay and protein expression in plasma by ELISA. All specimens were collected from 54 PC patients who received the treatment of cryosurgery as well as 20 healthy individuals (control). RESULTS The mRNA and protein expression levels of CD44v6 and integrin-β1 in patients were significantly increased compared with control group (P<0.05). The high CD44v6 mRNA and protein expression were significantly correlated with clinical stage, tumor differentiation, LNM, liver metastasis and decreased median DFS (P<0.05), while the high integrin-β1 mRNA and protein expression were significantly correlated with clinical stage, LNM, liver metastasis and decreased median DFS (P<0.05). Clinical stage, LNM, liver metastasis, CD44v6 mRNA and protein expression were the independent predictors of survival in PC patients (P<0.05). Moreover, CD44v6 and integrin-β1 mRNA and protein expression levels were significantly decreased in patients in 3 months after cryosurgery (P<0.05). No significant difference was found in CD44v6 mRNA and protein expression between patients in 3 months after cryosurgery and control group (P>0.05). CONCLUSION CD44v6 and integrin-β1 mRNA and protein expression in blood may serve as biomarkers for the development and metastasis of PC, and as prognostic indicators for PC. They may become useful predictors in assessing outcome of PC patients after cryosurgery. VIRTUAL SLIDES The virtual slides for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/4035308681009006.
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283
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Zhong H, Zhou XJ, Hong JG. [1,25-(OH)2D3 inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced expression of interleukin-13 and interleukin-17 in cord blood CD4+T cells]. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2013; 15:763-766. [PMID: 24034921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the effect of 1,25-(OH)2D3 on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced expression of interleukin-13 (IL-13) and interleukin-17 (IL-17) in cord blood CD4(+)T cells, providing theoretical basis for clinical reasonable application of vitamin D and prevention of asthma and allergic diseases. METHODS Mononuclear cells (MNCs) were isolated from umbilical cord blood (50 mL) of 12 normal eutocia term newborns by gravity centrifugation. CD4(+)T cells were isolated using magnetic beads, which was cultured with following three kinds of stimulus for 72 hours: natural state (blank group), LPS (10 μg/mL)stimulation alone and LPS(10 μg/mL)+1,25-(OH)2D3 (10(-8) mmol/L)stimulation. Levels of IL-13 and IL-17 in the culture supernatant and mRNA expressions in cord blood CD4(+)T cells were detected using ELISA and real Time-PCR respectively. RESULTS Compared with the blank group, levels of IL-13 and IL-17 in the culture supernatant and mRNA expression of IL-13 and IL-17 in the cord blood CD4(+)T cells increased in the LPS stimulation alone group (P<0.01). When co-stimulation of 1,25-(OH)2D3 with LPS, levels of IL-13 and IL-17 in the culture supernatant and mRNA expression of IL-13 and IL-17 in the cord blood CD4(+)T cells decreased compared with LPS-stimulated alone group (P<0.05), but remained higher than the blank group (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS LPS can promote expression of IL-13 and IL-17 in cord blood CD4(+)T cells. 1,25-(OH)2D3 inhibits the expression of IL-13 and IL-17, suggesting that vitamin D intake may provide protective effects in the development of atopy-predisposing immune responses in early life.
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284
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Song DJ, Yue LF, Zhang D, Yang HY, Fan YX, Yue M, Pei H, Wang JX. [Relationship between mRNA expression and promoter methylation status of p73 gene in peripheral blood among children with Wilms' tumor]. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2013; 15:638-643. [PMID: 23965876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the mRNA expression and promoter methylation status of p73 gene in the peripheral blood of children with Wilms' tumor (WT), and their relationship. METHODS Forty-five children with WT were selected as the case group, and 15 sex- and age- matched children (without malignancies) who visited the hospital for physical examination or other reasons were selected as the control group. Peripheral blood was collected from both groups. Real-time quantitative PCR and methylation-specific PCR were used to determine the mRNA expression level and promoter methylation status of p73 gene. Their relationship with clinicopathological features and the effect of promoter methylation on mRNA expression of p73 gene were analyzed in the case group. RESULTS The relative quantity (RQ) of p73 mRNA in the case group was significantly higher than in the control group (3.2 ± 0.9 vs 1.6 ± 1.1; P<0.01). The positive rate of p73 gene promoter methylation in the case group was significantly lower than in the control group (20% vs 73%; P<0.01). In the case group, the RQ of p73 mRNA was significantly higher in children with methylated p73 gene promoter than in those with unmethylated p73 gene promoter (P<0.01). In children with methylated p73 gene promoter, the RQ of p73 mRNA was significantly higher in the case group than in the control group (P<0.01). In children with unmethylated p73 gene promoter, there was no significant difference in RQ of p73 mRNA between the case and control groups (P=0.810). CONCLUSIONS Aberrant promoter methylation of p73 gene in peripheral blood is one of the gene expression regulations in children with WT, and it is related to the onset and development of WT. The p73 gene may play a role as oncogene in WT patients with p73 gene promoter methylation and mRNA overexpression is associated with promoter methylation status of p73 gene.
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285
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Pagliari MT, Baronciani L, Garcìa Oya I, Solimando M, La Marca S, Cozzi G, Stufano F, Canciani MT, Peyvandi F. A synonymous (c.3390C>T) or a splice-site (c.3380-2A>G) mutation causes exon 26 skipping in four patients with von Willebrand disease (2A/IIE). J Thromb Haemost 2013; 11:1251-9. [PMID: 23621778 DOI: 10.1111/jth.12280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2012] [Accepted: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We characterized four unrelated patients with von Willebrand disease type 2A/IIE, sharing the same von Willebrand factor (VWF) in-frame deletion (p.[P1127_G1180delinsR];[=]) resulting from exon 26 skipping (Δ26). OBJECTIVES To identify the VWF mutations and how they caused the mRNA splicing alteration, to evaluate the deletion by in vitro expression studies, and to assess whether or not the heterogeneity of the patients' phenotype might be related to a different degree of expression of the deleted subunit in patient plasma VWF. METHODS Sequence analysis was performed with patient genomic DNA and platelet mRNA. Semiquantitative RT-PCR was also carried out to compare the expression of the wild-type (WT) and Δ26 alleles in the four patients. In silico analysis was performed with prediction splicing programs. Expression studies were performed to evaluate mutant recombinant VWF (rVWF) (Δ26 and Δ26/WT) as compared with WT rVWF. RESULTS Three patients shared the synonymous single-nucleotide substitution (SSS) c.[3390C>T];[=], whereas the novel mutation c.[3380-2A>G];[=] was present in the fourth patient. Semiquantitative RT-PCR of platelet mRNA revealed a different ratio of the WT and Δ26 alleles in the patients, consistent with the different VWF:FVIIIB values present in patient plasma. Expression studies confirmed reduced VWF-FVIII binding of rVWF-Δ26/WT. CONCLUSIONS SSS can induce alternative splicing, and those like c.3390C>T, which impact on the poorly conserved splicing regulatory elements, are difficult to predict, so that their role can be evaluated only by mRNA analysis. Moreover, these mutations seem to have different effects on the efficiency of alternative splicing, producing heterogeneous VWF variants among the four patients.
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286
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Larion S, Caballes FR, Hwang SI, Lee JG, Rossman WE, Parsons J, Steuerwald N, Li T, Maddukuri V, Groseclose G, Finkielstein CV, Bonkovsky HL. Circadian rhythms in acute intermittent porphyria--a pilot study. Eur J Clin Invest 2013; 43:727-39. [PMID: 23650938 PMCID: PMC3687345 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2012] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) is an inherited disorder of haem synthesis wherein a partial deficiency of porphobilinogen (PBG) deaminase (PBGD) with other factors may give rise to biochemical and clinical manifestations of disease. The biochemical hallmarks of active AIP are relative hepatic haem deficiency and uncontrolled up-regulation of hepatic 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) synthase-1 (ALAS1) with over-production of ALA and PBG. The treatment of choice is intravenous haem, which restores the deficient regulatory haem pool of the liver and represses ALAS1. Recently, haem has been shown to influence circadian rhythms by controlling their negative feedback loops. We evaluated whether subjects with AIP exhibited an altered circadian profile. MATERIALS AND METHODS Over a 21-h period, we measured levels of serum cortisol, melatonin, ALA, PBG and mRNA levels (in peripheral blood mononuclear cells) of selected clock-controlled genes and genes involved in haem synthesis in 10 Caucasian (European-American) women who were either postmenopausal or had been receiving female hormone therapy, six of whom have AIP and four do not and are considered controls. RESULTS Four AIP subjects with biochemical activity exhibited higher levels of PBG and lower levels and dampened oscillation of serum cortisol, and a trend for lower levels of serum melatonin, than controls or AIP subjects without biochemical activity. Levels of clock-controlled gene mRNAs showed significant increases over baseline in all subjects at 5 a.m. and 11 p.m., whereas mRNA levels of ALAS1, ALAS2 and PBGD were increased only at 11 p.m. in subjects with active AIP. CONCLUSIONS This pilot study provides evidence for disturbances of circadian markers in women with active AIP that may trigger or sustain some common clinical features of AIP.
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287
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Busse A, Rapion J, Fusi A, Suciu S, Nonnenmacher A, Santinami M, Kruit WHJ, Testori A, Punt CJA, Dalgleish AG, Spatz A, Eggermont AMM, Keilholz U. Analysis of surrogate gene expression markers in peripheral blood of melanoma patients to predict treatment outcome of adjuvant pegylated interferon alpha 2b (EORTC 18991 side study). Cancer Immunol Immunother 2013; 62:1223-33. [PMID: 23624802 PMCID: PMC11028414 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-013-1428-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2012] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
We analysed mRNA levels of interferon response genes (ISG15, STAT1, CXCL10) of inhibitors of the JAK/STAT pathway (STAT3, SOCS1, SOCS3) and of cytokines (TNFα, IL10, TGFß1) in peripheral blood of 91 stage III melanoma patients enrolled in EORTC 18991 trial to find biomarkers indicative for disease stage and predictive for efficacy of pegylated interferon alpha-2b (PEG-IFNα-2b) therapy. mRNA levels were analysed at baseline and after 6 months. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to estimate the prognostic and predictive role of mRNA levels for distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) and relapse-free survival (RFS). Compared to healthy controls, melanoma patients showed significantly higher TGFβ1 mRNA levels. In a multivariate model, increasing SOCS1 and SOCS3 mRNA levels were associated with worse RFS (P = 0.02 and P = 0.04, respectively) and DMFS (P = 0.05 and P = 0.05, respectively) due to negative correlation between, respectively, SOCS1/SOCS3 mRNA levels and ulceration or Breslow thickness. No impact of PEG-IFNα-2b on mRNA levels was observed except for ISG15 mRNA levels, which decreased in the treatment arm (P = 0.001). It seems that patients with a decrease >60 % of ISG15 mRNA levels during 6 months PEG-IFNα-2b had inferior outcome.
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288
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Leong S, Simo G, Camara M, Jamonneau V, Kabore J, Ilboudo H, Bucheton B, Hoheisel JD, Clayton C. The miRNA and mRNA Signatures of Peripheral Blood Cells in Humans Infected with Trypanosoma brucei gambiense. PLoS One 2013; 8:e67312. [PMID: 23826264 PMCID: PMC3695006 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple, reliable tools for diagnosis of human African Trypanosomiases could ease field surveillance and enhance patient care. In particular, current methods to distinguish patients with (stage II) and without (stage I) brain involvement require samples of cerebrospinal fluid. We describe here an exploratory study to find out whether miRNAs from peripheral blood leukocytes might be useful in diagnosis of human trypanosomiasis, or for determining the stage of the disease. Using microarrays, we measured miRNAs in samples from Trypanosoma brucei gambiense-infected patients (9 stage I, 10 stage II), 8 seronegative parasite-negative controls and 12 seropositive, but parasite-negative subjects. 8 miRNAs (out of 1205 tested) showed significantly lower expression in patients than in seronegative, parasite-negative controls, and 1 showed increased expression. There were no clear differences in miRNAs between patients in different disease stages. The miRNA profiles could not distinguish seropositive, but parasitologically negative samples from controls and results within this group did not correlate with those from the trypanolysis test. Some of the regulated miRNAs, or their predicted mRNA targets, were previously reported changed during other infectious diseases or cancer. We conclude that the changes in miRNA profiles of peripheral blood lymphocytes in human African trypanosomiasis are related to immune activation or inflammation, are probably disease-non-specific, and cannot be used to determine the disease stage. The approach has little promise for diagnostics but might yield information about disease pathology.
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289
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McDonald MK, Capasso KE, Ajit SK. Purification and microRNA profiling of exosomes derived from blood and culture media. J Vis Exp 2013:e50294. [PMID: 23792786 PMCID: PMC3727427 DOI: 10.3791/50294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Stable miRNAs are present in all body fluids and some circulating miRNAs are protected from degradation by sequestration in small vesicles called exosomes. Exosomes can fuse with the plasma membrane resulting in the transfer of RNA and proteins to the target cell. Their biological functions include immune response, antigen presentation, and intracellular communication. Delivery of miRNAs that can regulate gene expression in the recipient cells via blood has opened novel avenues for target intervention. In addition to offering a strategy for delivery of drugs or RNA therapeutic agents, exosomal contents can serve as biomarkers that can aid in diagnosis, determining treatment options and prognosis. Here we will describe the procedure for quantitatively analyzing miRNAs and messenger RNAs (mRNA) from exosomes secreted in blood and cell culture media. Purified exosomes will be characterized using western blot analysis for exosomal markers and PCR for mRNAs of interest. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and immunogold labeling will be used to validate exosomal morphology and integrity. Total RNA will be purified from these exosomes to ensure that we can study both mRNA and miRNA from the same sample. After validating RNA integrity by Bioanalyzer, we will perform a medium throughput quantitative real time PCR (qPCR) to identify the exosomal miRNA using Taqman Low Density Array (TLDA) cards and gene expression studies for transcripts of interest. These protocols can be used to quantify changes in exosomal miRNAs in patients, rodent models and cell culture media before and after pharmacological intervention. Exosomal contents vary due to the source of origin and the physiological conditions of cells that secrete exosomes. These variations can provide insight on how cells and systems cope with stress or physiological perturbations. Our representative data show variations in miRNAs present in exosomes purified from mouse blood, human blood and human cell culture media. Here we will describe the procedure for quantitatively analyzing miRNAs and messenger RNAs (mRNA) from exosomes secreted in blood and cell culture media. Purified exosomes will be characterized using western blot analysis for exosomal markers and PCR for mRNAs of interest. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and immunogold labeling will be used to validate exosomal morphology and integrity. Total RNA will be purified from these exosomes to ensure that we can study both mRNA and miRNA from the same sample. After validating RNA integrity by Bioanalyzer, we will perform a medium throughput quantitative real time PCR (qPCR) to identify the exosomal miRNA using Taqman Low Density Array (TLDA) cards and gene expression studies for transcripts of interest. These protocols can be used to quantify changes in exosomal miRNAs in patients, rodent models and cell culture media before and after pharmacological intervention. Exosomal contents vary due to the source of origin and the physiological conditions of cells that secrete exosomes. These variations can provide insight on how cells and systems cope with stress or physiological perturbations. Our representative data show variations in miRNAs present in exosomes purified from mouse blood, human blood and human cell culture media.
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290
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Forbrich A, Paproski R, Hitt M, Zemp R. Microbubble-enhanced ultrasound liberation of mRNA biomarkers in vitro. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2013; 39:1087-1093. [PMID: 23562017 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2012.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2012] [Revised: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Blood-borne biomarkers have great potential in diagnostic medicine, but low concentrations, inability to determine their source and lack of a patient baseline have limited their success in both research and clinical medicine. D'Souza et al. previously demonstrated that ultrasound-induced sonoporation can be used to liberate protein biomarkers from a colorectal cancer into the surrounding serum, overcoming many of the limitations of blood-borne biomarkers. In this study we build on D'Souza's work, extending this technique to nucleic acids, specifically mammaglobin mRNA-a potential diagnostic biomarker for breast cancer metastases. Furthermore, we propose to use ultrasound contrast agents, lipid-stabilized microbubbles, to enhance the effects of sonoporation and further amplify the biomarker levels. We demonstrate that microbubbles can enhance mammaglobin mRNA levels by two to three orders of magnitude greater than background levels and one to two orders of magnitude greater than ultrasound alone.
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291
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Fang ZH, Liu Y, Bao TT, Ni YQ, Liu J, Shi GB, Wu JP, Yang JP, Zhang H. Effect of Danzhijiangtang capsule on monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 mRNA expression in newly diagnosed diabetes subclinical vascular lesions. World J Gastroenterol 2013; 19:2963-2968. [PMID: 23704830 PMCID: PMC3660822 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i19.2963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2012] [Revised: 02/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the effect of Danzhijiangtang capsule (DJC) on monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) mRNA expression in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) subclinical vascular lesions.
METHODS: Sixty-two patients with newly diagnosed T2DM subclinical vascular lesions were randomly divided into a control group and treatment group of 31 cases each. Oral antidiabetic therapy with routine western medicine was conducted in both groups, and the treatment group was additionally treated with DJCs. The treatment course for both groups was 12 wk. Before and after treatment, the total efficiency and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome score were calculated. The fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2-h plasma glucose (2hPG), fasting insulin (FINS), insulin resistance index (IRI), hemoglobin (Hb)A1c, blood lipids, and hemorheology indices were determined. In addition, the levels of vascular endothelial growth factors including thrombomodulin (TM), von Willebrand factor (vWF), P-selectin and MCP-1 mRNA were determined.
RESULTS: After 12 wk of treatment, the TCM syndrome score was significantly decreased compared to before treatment in both groups. After treatment, FPG, 2hPG, HbA1c, FINS, IRI, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, whole blood low shear specific viscosity, plasma specific viscosity, TM, vWF, P-selectin and MCP-1 mRNA were significantly improved compared to before treatment in both groups. After treatment, the total efficiency and TCM syndrome score in the treatment group were better than in the control group. FINS, IRI, whole blood high shear specific viscosity, plasma specific viscosity, TM, vWF, P-selectin and MCP-1 mRNA level in the treatment group were significantly reduced after treatment compared with control group.
CONCLUSION: DJCs are efficacious in supplementing qi, nourishing yin and invigorating blood circulation, and upregulate MCP-1 mRNA expression in patients with T2DM subclinical vascular lesions.
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MESH Headings
- Administration, Oral
- Biomarkers/blood
- Blood Glucose/drug effects
- Blood Glucose/metabolism
- Capsules
- Chemokine CCL2/genetics
- Chi-Square Distribution
- China
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/diagnosis
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics
- Diabetic Angiopathies/blood
- Diabetic Angiopathies/diagnosis
- Diabetic Angiopathies/drug therapy
- Diabetic Angiopathies/etiology
- Diabetic Angiopathies/genetics
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/administration & dosage
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/adverse effects
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use
- Female
- Glycated Hemoglobin/metabolism
- Humans
- Hypoglycemic Agents/administration & dosage
- Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use
- Insulin/blood
- Insulin Resistance
- Male
- Middle Aged
- P-Selectin/blood
- RNA, Messenger/blood
- Thrombomodulin/blood
- Time Factors
- Treatment Outcome
- von Willebrand Factor/metabolism
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292
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Wang QM, Du JL, Duan ZJ, Guo SB, Sun XY, Liu Z. Inhibiting heme oxygenase-1 attenuates rat liver fibrosis by removing iron accumulation. World J Gastroenterol 2013; 19:2921-2934. [PMID: 23704825 PMCID: PMC3660817 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i19.2921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2013] [Revised: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/29/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the effects of the heme oxygenase (HO)-1/carbon monoxide system on iron deposition and portal pressure in rats with hepatic fibrosis induced by bile duct ligation (BDL).
METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided randomly into a Sham group, BDL group, Fe group, deferoxamine (DFX) group, zinc protoporphyrin (ZnPP) group and cobalt protoporphyrin (CoPP) group. The levels of HO-1 were detected using different methods. The serum carboxyhemoglobin (COHb), iron, and portal vein pressure (PVP) were also quantified. The plasma and mRNA levels of hepcidin were measured. Hepatic fibrosis and its main pathway were assessed using Van Gieson’s stain, hydroxyproline, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1).
RESULTS: Serum COHb and protein and mRNA expression levels of HO-1 and Nrf2 were increased in the BDL group compared with the Sham group and were much higher in the CoPP group. The ZnPP group showed lower expression of HO-1 and Nrf2 and lower COHb. The levels of iron and PVP were enhanced in the BDL group but were lower in the ZnPP and DFX groups and were higher in the CoPP and Fe groups. Hepcidin levels were higher, whereas superoxide dismutase levels were increased and malonaldehyde levels were decreased in the ZnPP and DFX groups. The ZnPP group also showed inhibited TGF-β1 expression and regulated TIMP-1/MMP-2 expression, as well as obviously attenuated liver fibrosis.
CONCLUSION: Reducing hepatic iron deposition and CO levels by inhibiting HO-1 activity though the Nrf2/Keap pathway could be helpful in improving hepatic fibrosis and regulating PVP.
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Modlin IM, Drozdov I, Kidd M. The identification of gut neuroendocrine tumor disease by multiple synchronous transcript analysis in blood. PLoS One 2013; 8:e63364. [PMID: 23691035 PMCID: PMC3655166 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are increasing in both incidence and prevalence. A delay in correct diagnosis is common for these lesions. This reflects the absence of specific blood biomarkers to detect NENs. Measurement of the neuroendocrine secretory peptide Chromogranin A (CgA) is used, but is a single value, is non-specific and assay data are highly variable. To facilitate tumor detection, we developed a multi-transcript molecular signature for PCR-based blood analysis. NEN transcripts were identified by computational analysis of 3 microarray datasets: NEN tissue (n = 15), NEN peripheral blood (n = 7), and adenocarcinoma (n = 363 tumors). The candidate gene signature was examined in 130 blood samples (NENs: n = 63) and validated in two independent sets (Set 1 [n = 115, NENs: n = 72]; Set 2 [n = 120, NENs: n = 58]). Comparison with CgA (ELISA) was undertaken in 176 samples (NENs: n = 81). 51 significantly elevated transcript markers were identified. Gene-based classifiers detected NENs in independent sets with high sensitivity (85–98%), specificity (93–97%), PPV (95–96%) and NPV (87–98%). The AUC for the NEN gene-based classifiers was 0.95–0.98 compared to 0.64 for CgA (Z-statistic 6.97–11.42, p<0.0001). Overall, the gene-based classifier was significantly (χ2 = 12.3, p<0.0005) more accurate than CgA. In a sub-analysis, pancreatic NENs and gastrointestinal NENs could be identified with similar efficacy (79–88% sensitivity, 94% specificity), as could metastases (85%). In patients with low CgA, 91% exhibited elevated transcript markers. A panel of 51 marker genes differentiates NENs from controls with a high PPV and NPV (>90%), identifies pancreatic and gastrointestinal NENs with similar efficacy, and confirms GEP-NENs when CgA levels are low. The panel is significantly more accurate than the CgA assay. This reflects its utility to identify multiple diverse biological components of NENs. Application of this sensitive and specific PCR-based blood test to NENs will allow accurate detection of disease, and potentially define disease progress enabling monitoring of treatment efficacy.
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294
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Ye H, Wang LY, Zhao J, Wang K. Increased CD163 expression is associated with acute-on-chronic hepatitis B liver failure. World J Gastroenterol 2013; 19:2818-2825. [PMID: 23687420 PMCID: PMC3653157 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i18.2818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2012] [Revised: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To assess CD163 expression in plasma and peripheral blood and analyze its association with disease in acute-on-chronic hepatitis B liver failure (ACHBLF) patients.
METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted from January 1, 2011 to January 1, 2012. Forty patients with ACHBLF (mean age 44.48 ± 12.28 years, range 18-69 years), 40 patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) (mean age 39.45 ± 12.22 years, range 21-57 years) and 20 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (mean age 38.35 ± 11.97 years, range 28-60 years) were included in this study. Flow cytometry was used to analyze the frequency of CD163+ peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and surface protein expression of CD163. Real-time transcription-polymerase chain reaction was performed to assess relative CD163 mRNA levels in PBMCs. Plasma soluble CD163 (sCD163) levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Clinical variables were also recorded. Comparisons between groups were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis H test and Mann-Whitney U test. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 15.0 software and a P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
RESULTS: Flow cytometry showed that the population of CD163+ PBMCs was significantly greater in ACHBLF patients than in CHB patients and healthy controls (47.9645% ± 17.1542%, 32.0975% ± 11.0215% vs 17.9460% ± 6.3618%, P < 0.0001). However, there were no significant differences in mean fluorescence intensity of CD163+ PBMCs within the three groups (27.4975 ± 11.3731, 25.8140 ± 10.0649 vs 20.5050 ± 6.2437, P = 0.0514). CD163 mRNA expression in ACHBLF patients was significantly increased compared with CHB patients and healthy controls (1.41 × 10-2± 2.18 × 10-2, 5.10 × 10-3± 3.61 × 10-3vs 37.0 × 10-4± 3.55 × 10-4, P = 0.02). Plasma sCD163 levels in patients with ACHBLF were significantly increased compared with CHB patients and healthy controls (4706.2175 ± 1681.1096 ng/mL, 1089.7160 ± 736.8395 ng/mL vs 435.9562 ± 440.8329 ng/mL, P < 0.0001). In ACHBLF patients, plasma sCD163 levels were significantly positively associated with model for end-stage liver disease scores (r = 0.5075, P = 0.008), hepatitis B virus-DNA (r = 0.6827, P < 0.0001), and negatively associated with prothrombin activity (r = -0.3348, P = 0.0347), but had no correlation with total bilirubin (r = 0.2551, P = 0.1122). Furthermore, sCD163 was obviously elevated in non-surviving patients compared with surviving patients with ACHBLF (5344.9080 ± 1589.5199 ng/mL vs 3641.7333 ± 1264.5228 ng/mL, P = 0.0321).
CONCLUSION: CD163 and sCD163 may be related to disease severity and prognosis in ACHBLF patients.
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MESH Headings
- Acute Disease
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Antigens, CD/blood
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/blood
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/genetics
- Biomarkers/blood
- Female
- Hepatitis B, Chronic/blood
- Hepatitis B, Chronic/complications
- Hepatitis B, Chronic/diagnosis
- Hepatitis B, Chronic/immunology
- Humans
- Liver Failure/blood
- Liver Failure/diagnosis
- Liver Failure/immunology
- Liver Failure/virology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Prognosis
- RNA, Messenger/blood
- Receptors, Cell Surface/blood
- Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics
- Retrospective Studies
- Severity of Illness Index
- Up-Regulation
- Young Adult
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295
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Pesta M, Fichtl J, Kulda V, Topolcan O, Treska V. Monitoring of circulating tumor cells in patients undergoing surgery for hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer. Anticancer Res 2013; 33:2239-2243. [PMID: 23645782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The aim of our study was to describe the frequency of occurrence of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in patients undergoing surgery for liver metastases from colorectal cancer in relation to treatment (chemotherapy and surgery). We monitored the presence of CTCs before, during and after surgery. PATIENTS AND METHODS This prospective study involved 14 patients (9 men and 5 women) undergoing surgical resection or termoablation of liver metastases from colorectal carcinoma. Ten of them received chemotherapy before surgery. Samples of central blood (7.5 ml) were drawn preoperatively, at the time of mobilization of the liver during the surgical procedure, immediately after surgery, and at two and seven days postoperatively. CTCs were detected by ColonCancerSelect and ColonCancerDetect kits (AdnaGen, Langenhagen, Germany). RESULTS CTCs were detected in three out of 14 patients. For each of the three patients, CTCs were detected via a different gene [tumor-associated antigen GA733-2, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)]. This demonstrates the heterogeneity of the CTC population among patients. In one patient, we recorded long-term presence of CTCs, in one patient we detected CTCs only during surgery and in one patient we detected CTCs only before surgery. CTC-positive patients are described in the form of case reports. CONCLUSION We detected CTCs only in a minority of patients with liver metastases from colorectal cancer. Observations show that the surgical procedure itself can cause the presence of CTCs in the peripheral blood.
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296
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Deng XM, Luo XJ, Chen XP, He S, Li LX, Wan LY, Peng Y. [Expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha and beta in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of non-vavular hypertensive atrial fibrillation patients]. SICHUAN DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF SICHUAN UNIVERSITY. MEDICAL SCIENCE EDITION 2013; 44:383-387. [PMID: 23898518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the mRNA expressions of PPARalpha and PPARbeta in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of non-vavular hypertensive atrial fibrillation (AF) patients and elucidate its possible role in the pathogenesis of AF. METHODS Peripheral blood samples were collected from 103 patients with hypertensive AF (persistent AF: 55, paroxysmal AF: 48) and 50 age-adjusted hypertension patients without AF. The mRNA expressions of PPARalpha, PPARbeta, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in monocytes were detected by using a Real time polymerase chain reaction. The concentrations of high sensitive C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-1 (IL-1) were measured by immunoenzymetric method. RESULTS The PPARalpha mRNA expression level was persistently decreased in hypertensive non-AF group, paroxysmal AF group, and persistent AF group (1.34 +/- 0.17, 1.09 +/- 0.23, 0.85 +/- 0.22), while the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.001; respectively). TNF-alpha mRNA, IL-6 mRNA,CRP and IL-1 persistently increased in hypertensive non-AF group, paroxysmal AF group, persistent AF group, also the difference was statistically significant (P < 0. 001; respectively). The difference of PPARbeta mRNA was not statistically significant between non-AF group, paroxysmal AF group and persistent AF group. Left atrial diameter (LAD) was in positive correlation with CRP, IL-1, IL-6 mRNA and TNF-alpha mRNA (P < 0.05). PPARalpha mRNA level was in negative correlation with CRP, IL-1, IL-6 mRNA and TNF-alpha mRNA, the correlation coefficient was -0.519, -0.532, -0.491 and -0.528, respectively (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION In hypertensive patients with AF, increased inflammatory cytokines were associated with atrial remodeling and lead to the development of atrial fibrillation; PPARalpha was negatively correlated with these inflammatory cytokines and may play a vital role in the process of atrial fibrillation development.
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Liu Y, Feng JG, Qian J, Ju HX, Chen YB, Feng HY, Zhu YP, Li DC. [Detection of guanylate cyclase C mRNA and cytokeratin 20 mRNA in peripheral blood and analysis of prognosis in early to moderate colorectal cancer patients]. ZHONGHUA WEI CHANG WAI KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF GASTROINTESTINAL SURGERY 2013; 16:381-385. [PMID: 23608804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the associations of guanylate cyclase C (GC-C) mRNA and cytokeratin 20 (CK20) mRNA with metastasis and prognosis in early to moderate colorectal cancer patients. METHODS GC-C mRNA and CK 20 mRNA in peripheral blood of 74 colorectal cancer patients without distant metastasis were detected by fluorescent quantitative PCR (FQ-PCR). Based on their clinicopathological and postoperative follow-up data, the relationship and clinical significance of these data with metastasis hazards and prognosis factors were analyzed. RESULTS The positive rate of GC-C mRNA in 74 colorectal cancer patients was 33.8% (25/74), and CK20 mRNA was 31.1% (23/74). The 1-, 2-, 3- year disease-free survival rates of patients were 94.6%, 82.4% and 78.4% respectively. There were significant differences in positive rates of GC-C mRNA and CK20 mRNA, tumor differentiation, mesentery lymph node metastasis, tumor embolus in vessel and postoperative chemotherapy associated with 3-year disease free survival rate by Kaplan-Meier analysis (all P<0.05). While mesentery lymph node metastasis and tumor embolus in vessel were independent risk factors of 3-year disease-free survival (P<0.05). CK20 mRNA and tumor embolus in vessel were independent risk factors of 3-year disease-free survival by analysis stratified with clinical stage (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Detection of CK20 mRNA and GC-C mRNA in peripheral blood may be important for early detection of early metastasis of colorectal cancer.
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Oloomi M, Yardehnavi N, Bouzari S, Moazzezy N. Non-coding CK19 RNA in peripheral blood and tissue of breast cancer patients. ACTA MEDICA IRANICA 2013; 51:75-86. [PMID: 23585313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2013] [Accepted: 03/16/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast carcinoma is the major cause of cancer-related death in women. The incidence of this carcinoma is rising and there are many attempts to decrease this problem. The aim of this study was detection of full-length cytokeratin 19 (CK19) mRNA, in peripheral blood and tissue of breast cancer patients in early stage of cancer. In this study, RT-PCR (reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction) technique was used for detection of CK19 mRNA in peripheral blood and tissue of breast cancer patients. Primers were established to amplify the CK19 as a tumor marker. Moreover, CYFRA 21-1 subunit of CK19 protein was measured in the serum of patients. CK19 mRNA was detected and sequenced. It is shown that the most released CK19 mRNAs in blood and tissue of cancer patients are non-coding RNA. The mutated forms of mRNA are the incomplete transcripts of protein-coding gene as a long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) that could regulate gene expression. Moreover, small non-coding RNA (ncRNA) as fragments of CK19 is mostly observed in this experiment. They may play a role in tumorogenesis and their biologic exact function in breast cancer should be further elucidated.
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299
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Oliveira A, Delgado C, Verdasca N, Pista A. [Biomarkers of cervical carcinogenesis associated with genital human papillomavirus infection]. ACTA MEDICA PORT 2013; 26:139-144. [PMID: 23809746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2012] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION/OBJECTIVE Persistent infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) types is a necessary cause for cervical cancer development. The aim of this study was to evaluate the significance of different molecular markers for cervical carcinogenesis, and to assess their association with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. MATERIALS AND METHODS 378 cervical samples from women attending to primary Health Clinics of the National Health Service and Gynaecological Outpatient Clinics and referred for HPV testing were analyzed between between January 2007 and December 2010. According to cytological diagnosis, five groups were defined: normal, ASCUS, LSIL, HSIL, and ICC. For the determination of viral DNA physical status was performed by using a real-time PCR methodology, over expression of E6/E7 mRNA NASBA amplification was performed with the NucliSENS EasyQ HPV assay and viral load was determined by a real-time PCR. HPV status was studied in relation to lesion severity. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS software 16.0 and Chi-Square test. RESULTS No significant statistical differences were found between the physical status of HPV 16 or 18 and lesion severity. Overexpression of E6/E7 mRNA increased with lesion severity. Viral load was significantly associated with the development of cervical intraepithelial lesion. CONCLUSIONS Data suggests that viral integration for HPV 16 seems to be an early event on cervical carcinogenesis, not being suitable as a molecular marker. E6/E7 mRNA and viral load can be more valuable approaches to use as biomarkers in the prevention of cervical cancer development.
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300
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Whitehead CL, Walker SP, Ye L, Mendis S, Kaitu'u-Lino TJ, Lappas M, Tong S. Placental specific mRNA in the maternal circulation are globally dysregulated in pregnancies complicated by fetal growth restriction. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2013; 98:E429-36. [PMID: 23337725 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2012-2468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is a leading cause of perinatal mortality, yet no reliable screening test exists. Placental specific mRNA in the maternal circulation may reflect changes in the placental transcriptome in FGR and could be a novel biomarker for FGR. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to identify placental specific RNA detectable in the maternal circulation and examine whether they are differentially expressed in severe preterm FGR. DESIGN In silico screening was used to identify placental specific RNAs. Their expression in cases of severe FGR vs controls was examined in both maternal blood and placenta by microarray, RT-PCR, and in situ hybridization. RESULTS Via in silico analysis, we identified 137 genes very highly expressed in the placenta relative to other tissues. Using microarray, we found that they were detectable in the maternal blood and were globally dysregulated with preterm FGR; 75 genes (55%) had a ≥1.5-fold differential expression compared to controls. Eight genes (ERVWE-1, PSG1, PLAC4, TAC3, PLAC3, CRH, CSH1, and KISS1) were validated by RT-PCR to be significantly increased in both maternal blood and placenta in a larger cohort of severe FGR compared to controls. In situ hybridization confirmed PAPPA2 and ERVWE-1 localized to the syncytiotrophoblast. CONCLUSION There is global differential expression of placental specific mRNA in the maternal blood in pregnancies complicated by severe preterm FGR. Placental specific mRNA in maternal blood may represent a new class of biomarkers for preterm FGR.
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