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Boczki P, Colombo M, Weiner J, Rapöhn I, Lacher M, Kiess W, Hanschkow M, Körner A, Landgraf K. Inhibition of AHCY impedes proliferation and differentiation of mouse and human adipocyte progenitor cells. Adipocyte 2024; 13:2290218. [PMID: 38064408 PMCID: PMC10732623 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2023.2290218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
S-adenosyl-homocysteine-hydrolase (AHCY) plays an important role in the methionine cycle regulating cellular methylation levels. AHCY has been reported to influence proliferation and differentiation processes in different cell types, e.g. in cancer cells and mouse embryonic stem cells. In the development of adipose tissue, both the proliferation and differentiation of adipocyte progenitor cells (APCs) are important processes, which in the context of obesity are often dysregulated. To assess whether AHCY might also be involved in cell proliferation and differentiation of APCs, we investigated the effect of reduced AHCY activity on human and mouse APCs in vitro. We show that the inhibition of AHCY using adenosine dialdehyde (AdOx) and the knockdown of AHCY using gene-specific siRNAs reduced APC proliferation and number. Inhibition of AHCY further reduced APC differentiation into mature adipocytes and the expression of adipogenic differentiation markers. Global DNA methylation profiling in human APCs revealed that inhibition of AHCY is associated with alterations in CpG methylation levels of genes involved in fat cell differentiation and pathways related to cellular growth. Our findings suggest that AHCY is necessary for the maintenance of APC proliferation and differentiation and inhibition of AHCY alters DNA methylation processes leading to a dysregulation of the expression of genes involved in the regulation of these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Boczki
- Center for Pediatric Research Leipzig (CPL), Hospital for Children & Adolescents, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Marco Colombo
- Center for Pediatric Research Leipzig (CPL), Hospital for Children & Adolescents, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Juliane Weiner
- Medical Department III - Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Inka Rapöhn
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin Lacher
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wieland Kiess
- Center for Pediatric Research Leipzig (CPL), Hospital for Children & Adolescents, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martha Hanschkow
- Center for Pediatric Research Leipzig (CPL), Hospital for Children & Adolescents, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Antje Körner
- Center for Pediatric Research Leipzig (CPL), Hospital for Children & Adolescents, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kathrin Landgraf
- Center for Pediatric Research Leipzig (CPL), Hospital for Children & Adolescents, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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Luo M, Feng B, Zhu W, Liang Z, Xu W, Fu J, Miao L, Dong Z. Proteomics and metabolomics analysis of American shad (Alosa sapidissima) liver responses to heat stress. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2024; 296:111686. [PMID: 38936462 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2024.111686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
The dramatic changes in the global climate pose a major threat to the survival of many organisms, including fish. To date, the regulatory mechanisms behind the physiological responses of fish to temperature changes have been studied, and a comprehensive analysis of the regulatory mechanisms of temperature tolerance will help to propose effective strategies for fish to cope with global warming. In this study, we investigated the expression profiles of proteins and metabolites in liver tissues of American shad (Alosa sapidissima) corresponding to different water temperatures (24 °C, 27 °C and 30 °C) at various times (1-month intervals) under natural culture conditions. Proteomic analysis showed that the expression levels of the heat shock protein family (e.g. HSPE1, HSP70, HSPA5 and HSPA.1) increase significantly with temperature and that many differentially expressed proteins were highly enriched especially in pathways related to the endoplasmic reticulum, oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis processes. In addition, the results of conjoint metabolomics and proteomics analysis suggested that the contents of several important amino acids and chemical compounds, including L-serine, L-isoleucine, L-cystine, choline and betaine, changed significantly under high-temperature environmental stress, affecting the metabolic levels of starch, amino acid and glucose, which is thought to represent a possible energy conservation method for A. sapidissima to cope with rapid changes in external temperature. In summary, our findings demonstrate that living under high temperatures for a long period of time leads to different physiological defense responses in A. sapidissima, which provides some new ideas for analyzing the molecular regulatory patterns of adaptation to high temperature and also provides a theoretical basis for the subsequent improvement of fish culture in response to global warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingkun Luo
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Bingbing Feng
- Fisheries Technology Extension Center of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210036, China
| | - Wenbin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Zhengyuan Liang
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Fisheries Technology Extension Center of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210036, China
| | - Jianjun Fu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Linghong Miao
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Zaijie Dong
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China; Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, 214081, China.
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3
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Srisopa S, Pipatsatitpong D, Akekawatchai C. Association of serum lipid profile with liver fibrosis in HCV‑coinfected HIV patients on suppressive anti‑retroviral therapy. Biomed Rep 2024; 21:146. [PMID: 39170754 PMCID: PMC11337153 DOI: 10.3892/br.2024.1834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfection in individuals living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (PLWH) may affect lipid metabolism and accelerate the progression of chronic hepatitis. Therefore, the identification of risk factors for progressive liver disease is needed. The present study aimed to examine the prevalence and clinical features associated with liver fibrosis in HCV-coinfected HIV patients, including metabolic markers. A total of 105 patients coinfected with HIV and HCV were recruited and liver fibrosis was assessed using the fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) score and aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index (APRI). Logistic regression analyses indicated that patients aged >50 years and with a CD4+ cell count <350 cells/µl had an 11.4-times higher (P=0.001) and a 5.7-times higher (P=0.017) risk of liver fibrosis, as determined by FIB-4 score, compared to patients aged ≤40 years and a CD4+ cell count of ≥350 cells/µl, respectively. In addition, patients naïve to HCV treatment or receiving treatment had 5.4- and 12.7-times higher risks for liver fibrosis, as determined by APRI, than those with sustained virologic response (SVR) (P=0.003 and P=0.033, respectively). Univariate analysis indicated lower risks of liver fibrosis, as determined by APRI, in the patients with abnormally high levels of cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) than those with normal levels [odds ratio (OR) 0.3, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.1-0.9, P=0.037; OR 0.4, 95% CI 0.2-0.9, P=0.041; OR 0.2, 95% CI 0.1-0.5, P=0.001] and multivariate analysis suggested only patients with high levels of LDL had a lower risk for liver fibrosis determined by APRI (OR 0.1, 95% CI 0.3-0.8, P=0.029). Consistently, serum levels of cholesterol, HDL and LDL were significantly lower in the patient groups with more advanced fibrosis, evaluated by FIB-4 score and APRI, than those without liver fibrosis and the levels of cholesterol and LDL in the patients achieving SVR were higher than those with no response or not receiving treatment (all P<0.05). In conclusion, the present study identified serum lipid levels as associated factors of hepatic fibrosis, together with age, CD4+ cell count and HCV treatment status, in HCV-coinfected PLWH on long-term suppressive anti-retroviral therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somkid Srisopa
- Graduate Program in Medical Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12121, Thailand
- Bamrasnaradura Infectious Diseases Institute, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand
| | - Duangnate Pipatsatitpong
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Pathumthai 12121, Thailand
| | - Chareeporn Akekawatchai
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Pathumthai 12121, Thailand
- Thammasat University Research Unit in Diagnostic Molecular Biology of Chronic Diseases related to Cancer (DMB-CDC), Pathumthani 12121, Thailand
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Abrantes AM, Ferguson E, Stein MD, Magane KM, Fielman S, Karzhevsky S, Flanagan A, Siebers R, Quintiliani LM. Design and rationale for a randomized clinical trial testing the efficacy of a lifestyle physical activity intervention for people with HIV and engaged in unhealthy drinking. Contemp Clin Trials 2024; 144:107632. [PMID: 39019155 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2024.107632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among people living with HIV (PLWH), unhealthy drinking presents an increased risk for negative outcomes. Physical inactivity and sedentariness raise additional health risks. Despite evidence that physical activity (PA) is associated with improved physical and mental functioning and reduced alcohol cravings, there have been no PA studies conducted with PLWH engaged in unhealthy drinking. We describe a study protocol of a remote lifestyle physical activity (LPA) intervention to increase PA and reduce alcohol consumption among PLWH. METHODS Using online advertisements, 220 low-active PLWH engaged in unhealthy drinking will be recruited and randomized nationwide. After providing informed consent and completing a baseline interview, participants will receive a Fitbit. Participants will complete 15 days of ecologic momentary assessment through a phone application and up to 15 days of Fitbit wear time. Following this period, participants will be randomly assigned to a Fitbit-only control condition or a LPA and Fitbit intervention condition. Health counselors meet with control participants once (and have 6 subsequent brief check ins on Fibit use) and with intervention participants 7 times for PA counseling over a 12-week period. Follow-up assessments will be conducted at 3- and 6-months post-randomization. We hypothesize that individuals in the LPA and Fitbit condition will have lower rates of alcohol consumption and higher rates of PA at 6-month follow-up. CONCLUSION The randomized controlled trial described in this paper investigates remote methods to influence multimorbidity among PLWH using a LPA approach for increasing PA and reducing alcohol consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Abrantes
- Behavioral Medicine and Addictions Research, Butler Hospital, Providence, RI, United States of America; Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States of America.
| | - Erin Ferguson
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States of America
| | - Michael D Stein
- Boston University School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Kara M Magane
- Boston University School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Sarah Fielman
- Boston University School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Skylar Karzhevsky
- Boston University School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Amanda Flanagan
- Boston University School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Robert Siebers
- Boston University School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Lisa M Quintiliani
- Department of Medicine, Tufts University, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States of America
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5
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Ou X, Chen J, Li B, Yang Y, Liu X, Xu Z, Xiang X, Wang Q. Multiomics reveals the ameliorating effect and underlying mechanism of aqueous extracts of polygonatum sibiricum rhizome on obesity and liver fat accumulation in high-fat diet-fed mice. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 132:155843. [PMID: 38971026 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharides protect against obesity and NAFLD. However, the potential effects of PS rhizome aqueous extracts (PSRwe) on adiposity and hepatic lipid accumulation remains unexplored. PURPOSE Elucidating the impact and underlying mechanism of PSRwe on HFD-induced obesity and liver fat depostition. STUDY DESIGN 56 male mice, aged eight weeks, were divided into seven groups: Positive, four doses of PSRwe, Model, and Control. HFD was fed for eight weeks, followed by alternate-day gavage of orlistat and PSRwe for an additional eight-week period. Integrative analysis encompassing multiomics, physiological and histopathological, and biochemical indexes was employed. METHODS Body weight (BW); liver, fat and Lee's indexes; TC, TG, LDL-C, HDL-C, AST, ALT, FFA, leptin, and adiponectin in the liver and blood; TNFα, IL-6, and LPS in the colon, plasma, and liver; H&E, PAS and oil red O staining on adipose and liver samples were examined. OGTT and ITT were conducted The gut microbiome, microbial metabolome, colonic and liver transcriptome, plasma and liver metabolites were investigated. RESULTS PSRwe at the dosage of 7.5 mg/kg demonstrated significant and consistent reduction in BW and hepatic fat deposition than orlistat. PSRwe significantly decreased TC, TG, LDL-C, LEP, FFA levels in blood and liver. PSRwe significantly enhanced the relative abundance of probiotics including Akkermansia muciniphila, Bifidobacterium pseudolongum, Lactobacillus reuteri, and metabolic pathways including glycolysis and fatty acids β-oxidation. The 70 up-regulated microbial metabolites in PSRwe-treated mice mainly involved in nucleotides and amino acids metabolism, while 40 decreased metabolites primarily associated with lipid metabolism. The up-regulated colonic differentially expressed genes (DEGs) participate in JAK-STAT/PI3K-Akt/FoxO signaling pathway, serotonergic/cholinergic/glutamatergic synapses, while the down-regulated DEGs predominantly focused on fat absorption and transport. The up-regulated liver DEGs mainly concentrated on fatty acid oxidation and metabolism. Liver metabolisms revealed 131 differential metabolites, among which carnitine and oxidized lipids significantly increased in PSRwe-treated mice. In plasma, the 58 up-regulated metabolites mainly participate in co-factors/vitamins metabolism while 154 down-regulated ones in fatty acids biosynthesis. Comprehensive multiomics association analysis revealed significant associations between gut microbiota and colonic/liver gene expression, and suggested exogenous and endogenous betaine may be active compound in alleviating HFD-induced symptoms. CONCLUSION PSRwe effectively mitigate HFD-induced obesity and hepatic steatosis by increasing beneficial bacteria, reducing colonic fat digestion/absorption, increasing hepatic lipid metabolism, and elevating betaine levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobin Ou
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Protection and Utlization for Biological Resources and Ecological Restoration in Longdong, Longdong University, Qingyang 745000, Gansu, China; College of Life Sciences and Technology, Longdong University, Qingyang 745000, Gansu, China.
| | - Juanjuan Chen
- Cuiying Biomedical Research Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, China
| | - Boping Li
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Protection and Utlization for Biological Resources and Ecological Restoration in Longdong, Longdong University, Qingyang 745000, Gansu, China; College of Medicine, Longdong University, Qingyang 745000, Gansu, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, China
| | - Xiuli Liu
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Protection and Utlization for Biological Resources and Ecological Restoration in Longdong, Longdong University, Qingyang 745000, Gansu, China; College of Life Sciences and Technology, Longdong University, Qingyang 745000, Gansu, China
| | - Zaoxu Xu
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Protection and Utlization for Biological Resources and Ecological Restoration in Longdong, Longdong University, Qingyang 745000, Gansu, China; College of Life Sciences and Technology, Longdong University, Qingyang 745000, Gansu, China
| | - Xuesong Xiang
- National Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Cuiying Biomedical Research Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, China.
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Richardson B, Goedert T, Quraishe S, Deinhardt K, Mudher A. How do neurons age? A focused review on the aging of the microtubular cytoskeleton. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:1899-1907. [PMID: 38227514 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.390974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging is the leading risk factor for Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative diseases. We now understand that a breakdown in the neuronal cytoskeleton, mainly underpinned by protein modifications leading to the destabilization of microtubules, is central to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. This is accompanied by morphological defects across the somatodendritic compartment, axon, and synapse. However, knowledge of what occurs to the microtubule cytoskeleton and morphology of the neuron during physiological aging is comparatively poor. Several recent studies have suggested that there is an age-related increase in the phosphorylation of the key microtubule stabilizing protein tau, a modification, which is known to destabilize the cytoskeleton in Alzheimer's disease. This indicates that the cytoskeleton and potentially other neuronal structures reliant on the cytoskeleton become functionally compromised during normal physiological aging. The current literature shows age-related reductions in synaptic spine density and shifts in synaptic spine conformation which might explain age-related synaptic functional deficits. However, knowledge of what occurs to the microtubular and actin cytoskeleton, with increasing age is extremely limited. When considering the somatodendritic compartment, a regression in dendrites and loss of dendritic length and volume is reported whilst a reduction in soma volume/size is often seen. However, research into cytoskeletal change is limited to a handful of studies demonstrating reductions in and mislocalizations of microtubule-associated proteins with just one study directly exploring the integrity of the microtubules. In the axon, an increase in axonal diameter and age-related appearance of swellings is reported but like the dendrites, just one study investigates the microtubules directly with others reporting loss or mislocalization of microtubule-associated proteins. Though these are the general trends reported, there are clear disparities between model organisms and brain regions that are worthy of further investigation. Additionally, longitudinal studies of neuronal/cytoskeletal aging should also investigate whether these age-related changes contribute not just to vulnerability to disease but also to the decline in nervous system function and behavioral output that all organisms experience. This will highlight the utility, if any, of cytoskeletal fortification for the promotion of healthy neuronal aging and potential protection against age-related neurodegenerative disease. This review seeks to summarize what is currently known about the physiological aging of the neuron and microtubular cytoskeleton in the hope of uncovering mechanisms underpinning age-related risk to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brad Richardson
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Thomas Goedert
- Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Shmma Quraishe
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Katrin Deinhardt
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Amritpal Mudher
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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Zhang W, Cheng Q, Yin L, Liu Y, Chen L, Jiang Z, Jiang X, Qian S, Li B, Wu M, Yin X, Wang T, Lu Q, Yang T. Jujuboside A through YY1/CYP2E1 signaling alleviated type 2 diabetes-associated fatty liver disease by ameliorating hepatic lipid accumulation, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 400:111157. [PMID: 39059604 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2024.111157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) was a chronic complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and this comorbid disease lacked therapeutic drugs. Semen Ziziphi Spinosae (SZS) was the seed of Ziziphus jujuba var. Spinosa (Bunge) Hu ex H.F. Chow, and it could alleviate the symptoms of T2DM patients. As a triterpene saponin, Jujuboside A (Ju A) was the main active substance isolated from SZS and could improve hyperglycemia of diabetic mice. However, it was still unknown whether Ju A has protective effects on T2DM-associated NAFLD. Our study showed that Ju A attenuated T2DM-associated liver damage by alleviating hepatic lipid accumulation, inflammatory response, and oxidative stress in the liver of db/db mice, and high glucose (HG) and free fatty acid (FFA) co-stimulated human hepatocellular carcinomas (HepG2) cells. Along with the improved hyperglycemia and liver injury, Ju A restrained Yin Yang 1 (YY1)/cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) signaling in vivo and in vitro. YY1 overexpression intercepted the protective effects of Ju A on T2DM-induced liver injury via promoting hepatic lipid accumulation, inflammatory response, and oxidative stress. While, the blocking effect of YY1 overexpression on Ju A's hepatoprotective effect was counteracted by further treatment of CYP2E1 specific inhibitor diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC) in vitro. In-depth mechanism research showed that Ju A through YY1/CYP2E1 signaling promoted hepatic fatty acid β-oxidation, and inhibited inflammatory response and oxidative stress by activating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα), leading to the improvement of T2DM-associated NAFLD. Ju A might be a potential agent in the treatment and health care of T2DM-associated liver disease, especially NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Qian Cheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Longxiang Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Li Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Zhenzhou Jiang
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Xiyan Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Sitong Qian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Baojing Li
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Mengying Wu
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Xiaoxing Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China; Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221006, China.
| | - Qian Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China.
| | - Tingting Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China.
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Zheng Y, Jiang D, Sui C, Wu X, Hu Y, Lee C, Cong X, Li J, Lu Y, Wang Z, Du Y, Qi J, Huang J. PRRSV NSP1α degrades TRIM25 through proteasome system to inhibit host antiviral immune response. Vet Microbiol 2024; 296:110173. [PMID: 38971119 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is the most economically significant disease caused by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). Type I interferon (IFN) induces a large number of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) expression to inhibit PRRSV infection. To survive in the host, PRRSV has evolved multiple strategies to antagonize host innate immune response. Previous studies have reported that PRRSV N protein decreases the expression of TRIM25 and TRIM25-mediated RIG-I ubiquitination to suppress IFN-β production. However, whether other PRRSV proteins inhibit the antiviral function of TRIM25 is less well understood. In this study, we first found that PRRSV NSP1α decreased ISGylation of TRIM25. Meanwhile, NSP1α significantly suppressed TRIM25-mediated IFN-β production to promote PRRSV replication. Further studies demonstrated that PRRSV NSP1α reduced the protein level of TRIM25 in proteasome system but did not regulate the transcription level of TRIM25. In addition, the function of NSP1α in TRIM25 degradation did not rely on its papain-like cysteine protease activity. Taken together, PRRSV NSP1α antagonizes the antiviral response of TRIM25 by mediating TRIM25 degradation to promote PRRSV replication. Our data identify TRIM25 as a natural target of PRRSV NSP1α and reveal a novel mechanism that PRRSV induces TRIM25 degradation and inhibits host antiviral immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Zheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Dandan Jiang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding/Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics of MARA, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Chao Sui
- Laboratory Animal Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Xiangju Wu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding/Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics of MARA, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yue Hu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding/Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics of MARA, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Changhee Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Virus Vaccine Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiaoyan Cong
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding/Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics of MARA, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Juntong Li
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding/Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics of MARA, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yu Lu
- Institute of Veterinary Immunology & Engineering, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences; GuoTai (Taizhou) Center of Technology Innovation for Veterinary Biologicals, Nanjing 210014, China.
| | - Zhao Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; School of Laboratory Animal & Shandong Laboratory Animal Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250118, China.
| | - Yijun Du
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding/Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics of MARA, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China.
| | - Jing Qi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding/Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics of MARA, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China.
| | - Juan Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
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Patidar P, Hirani N, Bharti S, Baig MS. Key regulators of hepatic stellate cell activation in alcohol liver Disease: A comprehensive review. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 141:112938. [PMID: 39163683 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 07/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024]
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a broad category of disorders that begin with liver injury, lead to liver fibrosis, and ultimately conclude in alcohol-induced liver cirrhosis, the most chronic and irreversible liver damage. Liver fibrosis (LF) is a common pathological characteristic observed in most chronic liver inflammatory conditions that involve prolonged inflammation. In this review, we have summarized ethanol-mediated hepatic stellate cell (HSCs) activation and its role in liver fibrosis progression. We highlight important molecular mechanisms that are modulated by ethanol, play a role in the activation of HSCs and the progression of liver fibrosis and identifying potential targets to ameliorate liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramod Patidar
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering (BSBE), Indian Institute of Technology Indore (IITI), Indore, India
| | - Nik Hirani
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen'sMedicalResearch Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH164TJ, UK
| | - Shreya Bharti
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering (BSBE), Indian Institute of Technology Indore (IITI), Indore, India
| | - Mirza S Baig
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering (BSBE), Indian Institute of Technology Indore (IITI), Indore, India.
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10
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Hu X, Lin H, Qian S, Xu Z, Li Z, Qian S, Yang F, Hou H, Xie Q, Wu W, Hu C, Abou-Elnour A, He Y, Huang Y. A novel experimental mouse model of diabetic nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: A critical role for acid-sensitive Ion Channel 1a. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 178:117184. [PMID: 39142252 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A two-way relationship exists between type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and human nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Several diabetic NASH models have the disadvantages of long cycles or inconsistent with the actual incidence of human disease, which would be costly and time-consuming to investigate disease pathogenesis and develop drugs. Therefore, there is an urgent need to establish a diabetic NASH mouse model. METHODS The combination between Fructose-palmitate-cholesterol diet (FPC) and Streptozotocin (STZ) (FPC+STZ) was used to construct diabetic NASH mouse model. The in vivo effects of silencing acid-sensitive Ion Channel 1a (ASIC1a) were examined with an adeno-associated virus 9 (AAV9) carrying ASIC1a short hairpin RNA (shRNA) in FPC+STZ model. RESULTS The mice fed with FPC for 12 weeks had insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, lipid accumulation, and increased hepatic levels of inflammatory factors. However, it still did not develop remarkable liver fibrosis. Most interestingly, noticeable fibrotic scars were observed in the liver of mice from FPC+STZ group. Furthermore, insulin therapy significantly ameliorated FPC+STZ-induced NASH-related liver fibrosis, indicating that hyperglycemia is of great significance in NASH development and progression. Importantly, ASIC1a was found to be involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic NASH as demonstrated that silencing ASIC1a in HSCs significantly ameliorated FPC+STZ-induced NASH fibrosis. Mechanistically, ASIC1a interacted with Poly Adp-adenosine ribose polymerase (PARP1) to promote HSC activation by inducing autophagy. CONCLUSION A FPC diet combined with an injection of STZ induces a diabetic NASH mouse model in a shorter period. Targeting ASIC1a may provide a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of diabetic NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Hu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Huimin Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, China
| | - Shengying Qian
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhou Xu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zihao Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Shishun Qian
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Furong Yang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hui Hou
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Qinxiu Xie
- Department of Infection, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wenyong Wu
- Hospital of The Second People's Hospital of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - Chengmu Hu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Amira Abou-Elnour
- School of International Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yong He
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Yan Huang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
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11
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Maekawa M, Iwahori A, Kumondai M, Sato Y, Sato T, Mano N. Determination of Choline-Containing Compounds in Rice Bran Fermented with Aspergillus oryzae Using Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Mass Spectrom (Tokyo) 2024; 13:A0151. [PMID: 39161737 PMCID: PMC11331278 DOI: 10.5702/massspectrometry.a0151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Choline-containing compounds are essential nutrients for human activity, as they are involved in many biological processes, including cell membrane organization, methyl group donation, neurotransmission, signal transduction, lipid transport, and metabolism. These compounds are normally obtained from food. Fermented brown rice and rice bran with Aspergillus oryzae (FBRA) is a fermented food product derived from rice and rice ingredients. FBRA exhibits a multitude of functional properties with respect to the health sciences. This study has a particular focus on choline-containing compounds. We first developed a simultaneous liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) analysis method for seven choline-containing compounds. The method was subsequently applied to FBRA and its ingredients. Hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) and selected reaction monitoring were employed for the simultaneous analysis of seven choline-containing compounds. MS ion source conditions were optimized in positive ion mode, and the product ions derived from the choline group were obtained through MS/MS optimization. Under optimized HILIC conditions, the peaks exhibited good shape without peak tailing. Calibration curves demonstrated high linearity across a 300- to 10,000-fold concentration range. The application of the method to FBRA and other ingredients revealed significant differences between food with and without fermentation. In particular, betaine and α-glycerophosphocholine were found to be highest in FBRA and brown rice malt, respectively. The results indicated that the fermentation processing of rice ingredients results in alterations to the choline-containing compounds present in foods. The developed HILIC/MS/MS method proved to be a valuable tool for elucidating the composition of choline-containing compounds in foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masamitsu Maekawa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, 1–1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980–8574, Japan
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 1–1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980–8574, Japan
| | - Anna Iwahori
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 1–1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980–8574, Japan
| | - Masaki Kumondai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, 1–1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980–8574, Japan
| | - Yu Sato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, 1–1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980–8574, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Sato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, 1–1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980–8574, Japan
| | - Nariyasu Mano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, 1–1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980–8574, Japan
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 1–1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980–8574, Japan
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12
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Jiang J, Ren R, Fang W, Miao J, Wen Z, Wang X, Xu J, Jin H. Lysosomal biogenesis and function in osteoclasts: a comprehensive review. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1431566. [PMID: 39170917 PMCID: PMC11335558 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1431566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Lysosomes serve as catabolic centers and signaling hubs in cells, regulating a multitude of cellular processes such as intracellular environment homeostasis, macromolecule degradation, intracellular vesicle trafficking and autophagy. Alterations in lysosomal level and function are crucial for cellular adaptation to external stimuli, with lysosome dysfunction being implicated in the pathogenesis of numerous diseases. Osteoclasts (OCs), as multinucleated cells responsible for bone resorption and maintaining bone homeostasis, have a complex relationship with lysosomes that is not fully understood. Dysregulated function of OCs can disrupt bone homeostasis leading to the development of various bone disorders. The regulation of OC differentiation and bone resorption for the treatment of bone disease have received considerable attention in recent years, yet the role and regulation of lysosomes in OCs, as well as the potential therapeutic implications of intervening in lysosomal biologic behavior for the treatment of bone diseases, remain relatively understudied. This review aims to elucidate the mechanisms involved in lysosomal biogenesis and to discuss the functions of lysosomes in OCs, specifically in relation to differentiation, bone resorption, and autophagy. Finally, we explore the potential therapeutic implication of targeting lysosomes in the treatment of bone metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junchen Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Rufeng Ren
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Weiyuan Fang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jiansen Miao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zijun Wen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiangyang Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jiake Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Haiming Jin
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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13
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Chen C, Yang K, Zhang Y, Lu M, Zhao X, Wan Z. Pathogenic gene connections in type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a bioinformatics analysis and mouse model investigations experiments. Nutr Diabetes 2024; 14:60. [PMID: 39107295 PMCID: PMC11303809 DOI: 10.1038/s41387-024-00323-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are prevalent metabolic disorders with overlapping pathophysiological mechanisms. A comprehensive understanding of the shared molecular pathways involved in these conditions can advance the development of effective therapeutic interventions. METHODS We used two datasets sourced from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database to identify common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between T2D and NAFLD. Subsequently, we conducted Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses to identify the enriched biological processes and signaling pathways. In addition, we performed a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis to identify hub genes with pivotal roles. To validate our findings, we established a type 2 diabetic mouse model with NAFLD. RESULTS Our analysis identified 53 DEGs shared between T2D and NAFLD. Enrichment analysis revealed their involvement in signal transduction, transcriptional regulation, and cell proliferation as well as in the ferroptosis signaling pathways. PPI network analysis identified ten hub genes, namely CD44, CASP3, FYN, KLF4, HNRNPM, HNRNPU, FUBP1, RUNX1, NOTCH3, and ANXA2. We validated the differential expression of FYN, HNRNPU, and FUBP1 in liver tissues of a type 2 diabetic mouse model with NAFLD. CONCLUSIONS Our study offers valuable insights into the shared molecular mechanisms underlying T2D and NAFLD. The identified hub genes and pathways present promising prospects as therapeutic targets to address these prevalent metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Chen
- Institute of Genomics, School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, 668 Jimei Road, Xiamen, 361021, China.
| | - Kunhuan Yang
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361000, China
| | - Yuhan Zhang
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361000, China
| | - Meiqi Lu
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361000, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhao
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361000, China
| | - Zheng Wan
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361000, China.
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14
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Xiao-Qun Z, Xian-Li M, Ariffin NS. The potential of carbonic anhydrase enzymes as a novel target for anti-cancer treatment. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 976:176677. [PMID: 38825301 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrase (CA) is a zinc-dependent metal enzyme that maintains the pH and carbon dioxide (CO2) homeostasis in cells by catalyzing the reversible hydration and dehydration of CO2 and bicarbonate (HCO3-). In mammals, there are 16 isozymes of CA existed, namely CAI to CAXIV, but only 15 isozymes are found in humans except CAXV. Human CAs have highly conserved catalytic domains, all of which are distributed in different tissues and play important physiological roles. Changes in their functions may disrupt the typical distribution of CAs throughout human body and therefore CAs can be used as diagnostic biomarkers for many diseases. Furthermore, the expression of CAs is correlated to the progression of numerous tumors, therapeutic sensitivity and patient prognosis. In this review, we discuss thoroughly the structure of CAs, their functional activities in human physiology, dysregulations and diseases related to CAs, and different types of CA inhibitors that can reverse their dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Xiao-Qun
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 42300, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia; Guilin Medical University, GuiLin, China
| | | | - Nur Syamimi Ariffin
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 42300, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.
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15
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Clark PJ, Valery PC, Strasser SI, Weltman M, Thompson A, Levy MT, Leggett B, Zekry A, Rong J, Sinclair M, George J, Sievert W, MacQuillan G, Tse E, Nicoll A, Wade A, Cheng W, Roberts SK. Alcohol does not impact chronic hepatitis C treatment outcomes but increases risk for progressive liver disease: Findings from a prospective multicentre Australian study (OPERA-C). Drug Alcohol Rev 2024. [PMID: 39091194 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alcohol use is common in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. We examined the impact of alcohol use on direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapy outcome and the clinical course of liver disease and 2-year survival for patients receiving HCV DAA therapy. METHODS Adults (n = 2624) recruited from 26 Australian hospital liver clinics during 2016-2021 were followed up for 2 years. Risky alcohol use was defined by a combination of self-report (≥40 g/day of ethanol), physician-reported history of problematic alcohol use, and anti-craving medication prescription via population-based database linkage. We examined factors associated with advanced liver fibrosis and survival using multivariable logistic and Cox regression. RESULTS Among 1634 patients (62.3%) with risky alcohol use, 24.6% reported consuming ≥40 g/day of alcohol, 98.3% physician-reported problematic alcohol use; only 4.1% were dispensed naltrexone/acamprosate. One hundred and forty-three patients with cirrhosis reported ≥40 g/day of alcohol, 6 (4.3%) were prescribed naltrexone/acamprosate. Risky alcohol use was associated with advanced fibrosis (adjusted-odds ratio 1.69, 95% confidence interval 1.32-2.17) and patients were over-represented for cirrhosis (45.1% vs. 25.6% in no-risky alcohol use [p < 0.001]) and hepatocellular carcinoma (5.7% vs. 2.5% [p < 0.001]). Sustained viral response (p = 0.319) and 2-year survival (adjusted-hazard ratio 1.98, 95% confidence interval 0.84-4.63) after DAA therapy were not associated with risky alcohol use. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Risky alcohol use in HCV patients was prevalent, but did not reduce HCV cure. Treatment for alcohol dependence was low. Risky alcohol use may be under-recognised in liver clinics. Better integration of addiction medicine into liver services and increased resourcing and addiction medicine training opportunities for hepatologists may help address this.
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Grants
- Commonwealth Department of Health, the Gastroenterological Society of Australia (GESA)
- Gilead Sciences
- Merck
- Abbvie
- Robert W. Storr Bequest
- Sydney Medical Foundation, University of Sydney
- APP1053206 A National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia (NHMRC) Program
- APP2001692 Project, Ideas, and Investigator
- APP1107178 Project, Ideas, and Investigator
- APP1108422 Project, Ideas, and Investigator
- APP1196492 Project, Ideas, and Investigator
- 2021/ATRG2028 Cancer Institute, NSW
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Clark
- Department of Gastroenterology, Alcohol and Drug Assessment Unit, Princess Alexandra and Mater Hospitals, Brisbane, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Patricia C Valery
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Simone I Strasser
- AW Morrow Gastroenterology and Liver Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Alex Thompson
- Department of Gastroenterology, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Miriam T Levy
- Department of Gastroenterology and Liver, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Barbara Leggett
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Amany Zekry
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, St George Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Julian Rong
- Gippsland Gastroenterology, Latrobe Regional Hospital, Traralgon, Australia
| | - Marie Sinclair
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jacob George
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - William Sievert
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Unit, Monash Health and Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Gerry MacQuillan
- Department of Hepatology and Liver Transplant Unit, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - Edmund Tse
- Hepatology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
| | | | - Amanda Wade
- Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Barwon Health Liver Clinic University Hospital, Geelong, Australia
| | - Wendy Cheng
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - Stuart K Roberts
- The Alfred Hospital and Monash University CCS, Melbourne, Australia
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Norouzzadeh M, Kalantar H, Khorsandi L, Mohtadi S, Khodayar MJ. Betaine ameliorates arsenic-induced kidney injury in mice by mitigating oxidative stress-mediated inflammation. Arch Biochem Biophys 2024; 758:110076. [PMID: 38942108 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2024.110076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Arsenic, an environmental pollutant and poisonous metalloid, has adverse effects on different body organs, including the kidneys. Betaine is a natural nutrient that has many beneficial health effects. This research was conducted to examine the impact of betaine on nephrotoxicity caused by inorganic arsenic (NaAsO2) in mice. Mice were separated into following groups: control, NaAsO2 (50 ppm), NaAsO2 (50 ppm) + betaine (500 mg/kg), and betaine (500 mg/kg). Mice were received NaAsO2 via drinking water for 8 consecutive weeks and betaine was given to the animals via gavage once daily in the 7th and 8th weeks of the study. Upon completion of the study, the mice were euthanized and samples of serum and kidney were obtained for further evaluations. Administration of NaAsO2 increased the levels of blood urea nitrogen and creatinine in the serum. It enhanced the amounts of renal malondialdehyde and decreased the total thiol levels, as well as the activity of antioxidant enzymes (catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase). Furthermore, it enhanced the levels of renal inflammatory indicators (tumor necrosis factor-alpha and nitric oxide). Western blot results exhibited an increase in the protein expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), and phosphorylated NF-κB in NaAsO2-treated mice. Histopathological results also confirmed kidney damage caused by NaAsO2. However, treatment with betaine improved NaAsO2-related kidney injuries in mice. The results of this work indicated that betaine can attenuate kidney damage caused by NaAsO2 by inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohadeseh Norouzzadeh
- Toxicology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Hadi Kalantar
- Toxicology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Layasadat Khorsandi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Shokooh Mohtadi
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Khodayar
- Toxicology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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17
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Wang H, Zhao J, Ji S, Liu T, Cheng Z, Huang Z, Zang Y, Chen J, Zhang J, Ding Z. Metallofullerenol alleviates alcoholic liver damage via ROS clearance under static magnetic and electric fields. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 220:236-248. [PMID: 38704052 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a common chronic redox disease caused by increased alcohol consumption. Abstinence is a major challenge for people with alcohol dependence, and approved drugs have limited efficacy. Therefore, this study aimed to explore a new treatment strategy for ALD using ferroferric oxide endohedral fullerenol (Fe3O4@C60(OH)n) in combination with static magnetic and electric fields (sBE). The primary hepatocytes of 8-9-week-old female BALB/c mice were used to evaluate the efficacy of the proposed combination treatment. A mouse chronic binge ethanol feeding model was established to determine the alleviatory effect of Fe3O4@C60(OH)n on liver injury under sBE exposure. Furthermore, the ability of Fe3O4@C60(OH)n to eliminate •OH was evaluated. Alcohol-induced hepatocyte and mitochondrial damage were reversed in vitro. Additionally, the combination therapy reduced liver damage, alleviated oxidative stress by improving antioxidant levels, and effectively inhibited liver lipid accumulation in animal experiments. Here, we used a combination of magnetic derivatives of fullerenol and sBE to further improve the ROS clearance rate, thereby alleviating ALD. The developed combination treatment may effectively improve alcohol-induced liver damage and maintain redox balance without apparent toxicity, thereby enhancing therapy aimed at ALD and other redox diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Junqi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Shiliang Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China; Department of Pharmacy, Suzhou Science & Technology Town Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, 215153, China
| | - Tingjun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zhisheng Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zhen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yuhui Zang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jiangning Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Junfeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Zhi Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China; Engineering Research Center of Protein and Peptide Medicine, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210023, China; Changzhou High-Tech Research Institute of Nanjing University, Changzhou, 213164, China.
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18
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He J, Qian YC, Yin YC, Kang JR, Pan TR. Polydatin: a potential NAFLD therapeutic drug that regulates mitochondrial autophagy through SIRT3-FOXO3-BNIP3 and PINK1-PRKN mechanisms - a network pharmacology and experimental investigation. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 398:111110. [PMID: 38876248 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2024.111110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a prevalent chronic liver disorder that is linked to metabolic syndrome, mitochondrial dysfunction and impaired autophagy. Polydatin (PD), a natural polyphenol from Polygonum cuspidatum, exhibits various pharmacological effects and protects against NAFLD. The aim of this study was to reveal the molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potential of PD for NAFLD, with a focus on the role of mitochondrial autophagy mediated by sirtuin 3 (SIRT3), fork-head box O3 (FOXO3) and BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa protein-interacting protein 3 (BNIP3), and by PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) and parkin (PRKN). We combined network pharmacology analysis, animal models and cell culture experiments to show that PD could regulate the mitochondrial autophagy pathway by modulating several key genes related to mitochondrial function, and ameliorate the liver function, histopathology and mitochondrial biogenesis of NAFLD mice and hepatocytes by activating the SIRT3-FOXO3-BNIP3 axis and the PINK1-PRKN-dependent mechanism of mitochondrial autophagy. We also identified the core targets of PD, including SIRT3, FOXO3A, CASP3, PARKIN, EGFR, STAT3, MMP9 and PINK, and confirmed that silencing SIRT3 could significantly attenuate the beneficial effect of PD. This study provided novel theoretical and experimental support for PD as a promising candidate for NAFLD treatment, and also suggested new avenues and methods for investigating the role of mitochondrial autophagy in the pathogenesis and intervention of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing He
- Department of Endocrinology, Anhui Medical University Hefei Third Clinical College, The Third People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | | | - Ying-Chuan Yin
- Department of Endocrinology, Anhui Medical University Hefei Third Clinical College, The Third People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jing-Rui Kang
- Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine of Hebei, China
| | - Tian-Rong Pan
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.
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19
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Ni K, Meng L. Mechanism of PANoptosis in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2024; 48:102381. [PMID: 38821484 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2024.102381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, the incidence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) has been steadily rising, emerging as a major chronic liver disease of global concern. The course of MASLD is varied, spanning from MASLD to metabolic dysfunction associated steatohepatitis (MASH). MASH is an important contributor to cirrhosis, which may subsequently lead to hepatocellular carcinoma. It has been found that PANoptosis, an emerging inflammatory programmed cell death (PCD), is involved in the pathogenesis of MASLD and facilitates the development of NASH, eventually resulting in inflammatory fibrosis and hepatocyte death. This paper reviews the latest research progress on PANoptosis and MASLD to understand the mechanism of MASLD and provide new directions for future treatment and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keying Ni
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medical), Key Laboratory of Digestive Pathophysiology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lina Meng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medical), Key Laboratory of Digestive Pathophysiology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.
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20
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Lucitti JL, Laudermilk LT, Amato GS, Maitra R. The Monoacylglycerol Lipase Inhibitor ABX-1431 Does Not Improve Alcoholic Liver Disease. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res 2024; 9:e1179-e1183. [PMID: 37253145 DOI: 10.1089/can.2023.0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Excessive alcohol consumption can result in alcoholic liver disease (ALD). There is no FDA-approved drug to specifically treat ALD and current management approaches have limited efficacy. Past studies indicate that monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) inhibition can have a positive impact on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. However, the effect of MAGL inhibition in ALD has not been reported. Materials and Methods: We tested the highly selective and clinically evaluated MAGL inhibitor ABX-1431 in the Lieber-DeCarli liquid alcohol diet-induced model of ALD in C57BL/6 mice. Results: ABX-1431 failed to reduce ALD-associated steatosis and elevated levels of liver enzymes associated with hepatic injury. Furthermore, survival rate declined with increasing doses of ABX-1431 when compared with mice administered vehicle only. Conclusion: These data suggest that MAGL inhibition does not improve ALD and is unlikely to be a good strategy for this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Lucitti
- Center for Drug Discovery, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Lucas T Laudermilk
- Center for Drug Discovery, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - George S Amato
- Center for Drug Discovery, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Rangan Maitra
- Center for Drug Discovery, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
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21
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Rubino C, Stinco M, Indolfi G. Hepatitis co-infection in paediatric HIV: progressing treatment and prevention. Curr Opin HIV AIDS 2024:01222929-990000000-00107. [PMID: 39145775 DOI: 10.1097/coh.0000000000000882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To analyse the main evidence and recommendations for the management of hepatitis co-infection in children living with HIV. RECENT FINDINGS We analysed available data pertaining to the natural history of liver disease and treatment of co-infected children. SUMMARY Viral hepatitis co-infection in people living with HIV (PLHIV) is a global problem owing to the shared routes of transmission, particularly in areas of high endemicity for the three viruses. Viral hepatitis co-infection can accelerate liver disease progression and increase morbidity and mortality, even in patients on suppressive antiretroviral treatment (ART). Viral hepatitis should be routinely screened in PLHIV and, once diagnosed with viral hepatitis, PLHIV should be closely monitored for liver disease progression and complications. Children living with HIV-HBV co-infection should be treated with ART containing agents which are active against both viruses. Children living with HIV-HCV co-infection should receive directly acting antivirals (DAA) to eradicate HCV infection. Prevention measures to reduce vertical and horizontal transmission of HBV and HCV (anti-HBV vaccination and immunoglobulins, anti-HBV treatment in pregnancy, anti-HCV DAAs in people of childbearing age, avoiding blood contact, sexual barrier precautions) should be adopted and encouraged, particularly in high endemicity countries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Giuseppe Indolfi
- Hepatology Unit, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS
- Department Neurofarba, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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22
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Feng X, Huang N, Wu Y, Gao F, Chen X, Zhang C, Zhang B, Sun T. Alcoholic Liver Disease in China: A Disease Influenced by Complex Social Factors That Should Not Be Neglected. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2024; 12:677-684. [PMID: 38993514 PMCID: PMC11233974 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2024.00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) encompasses liver damage caused by chronic, excessive alcohol consumption. It manifests initially as marked hepatocellular steatosis and can progress to steatohepatitis, liver fibrosis, and cirrhosis. With China's rapid economic growth, coupled with a complex social background and the influence of a deleterious wine culture, the number of patients with ALD in China has increased significantly; the disease has become a social and health problem that cannot be ignored. In this review, we briefly described the social factors affecting ALD in China and elaborated on differences between alcoholic and other liver diseases in terms of complications (e.g., cirrhosis, upper gastrointestinal bleeding, hepatic encephalopathy, hepatocellular carcinoma, addiction, and other extrahepatic diseases). We also emphasized that ALD was more dangerous and difficult to treat than other liver diseases due to its complications, and that precise and effective treatment measures were lacking. In addition, we considered new ideas and treatment methods that may be generated in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Feng
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Nafei Huang
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuqin Wu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fei Gao
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaomei Chen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chenyi Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tao Sun
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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23
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Koizumi A, Kaji K, Nishimura N, Asada S, Matsuda T, Tanaka M, Yorioka N, Tsuji Y, Kitagawa K, Sato S, Namisaki T, Akahane T, Yoshiji H. Effects of elafibranor on liver fibrosis and gut barrier function in a mouse model of alcohol-associated liver disease. World J Gastroenterol 2024; 30:3428-3446. [PMID: 39091710 PMCID: PMC11290391 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v30.i28.3428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) is a leading cause of liver-related morbidity and mortality, but there are no therapeutic targets and modalities to prevent ALD-related liver fibrosis. Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) α and δ play a key role in lipid metabolism and intestinal barrier homeostasis, which are major contributors to the pathological progression of ALD. Meanwhile, elafibranor (EFN), which is a dual PPARα and PPARδ agonist, has reached a phase III clinical trial for the treatment of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and primary biliary cholangitis. However, the benefits of EFN for ALD treatment is unknown. AIM To evaluate the inhibitory effects of EFN on liver fibrosis and gut-intestinal barrier dysfunction in an ALD mouse model. METHODS ALD-related liver fibrosis was induced in female C57BL/6J mice by feeding a 2.5% ethanol (EtOH)-containing Lieber-DeCarli liquid diet and intraperitoneally injecting carbon tetrachloride thrice weekly (1 mL/kg) for 8 weeks. EFN (3 and 10 mg/kg/day) was orally administered during the experimental period. Histological and molecular analyses were performed to assess the effect of EFN on steatohepatitis, fibrosis, and intestinal barrier integrity. The EFN effects on HepG2 lipotoxicity and Caco-2 barrier function were evaluated by cell-based assays. RESULTS The hepatic steatosis, apoptosis, and fibrosis in the ALD mice model were significantly attenuated by EFN treatment. EFN promoted lipolysis and β-oxidation and enhanced autophagic and antioxidant capacities in EtOH-stimulated HepG2 cells, primarily through PPARα activation. Moreover, EFN inhibited the Kupffer cell-mediated inflammatory response, with blunted hepatic exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and toll like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling. EFN improved intestinal hyperpermeability by restoring tight junction proteins and autophagy and by inhibiting apoptosis and proinflammatory responses. The protective effect on intestinal barrier function in the EtOH-stimulated Caco-2 cells was predominantly mediated by PPARδ activation. CONCLUSION EFN reduced ALD-related fibrosis by inhibiting lipid accumulation and apoptosis, enhancing hepatocyte autophagic and antioxidant capacities, and suppressing LPS/TLR4/NF-κB-mediated inflammatory responses by restoring intestinal barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aritoshi Koizumi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Kosuke Kaji
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Norihisa Nishimura
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Shohei Asada
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Takuya Matsuda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Misako Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Yorioka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Yuki Tsuji
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Koh Kitagawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Shinya Sato
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Tadashi Namisaki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Takemi Akahane
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Yoshiji
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan
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24
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Lin JH, Lin CH, Kuo YW, Liao CA, Chen JF, Tsai SY, Li CM, Hsu YC, Huang YY, Hsia KC, Yeh YT, Ho HH. Probiotic Lactobacillus fermentum TSF331, Lactobacillus reuteri TSR332, and Lactobacillus plantarum TSP05 improved liver function and uric acid management-A pilot study. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0307181. [PMID: 39046973 PMCID: PMC11268587 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0307181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is predominantly associated with metabolic disturbances representing aberrant liver function and increased uric acid (UA) levels. Growing evidences have suggested a close relationship between metabolic disturbances and the gut microbiota. A placebo-controlled, double-blinded, randomized clinical trial was therefore conducted to explore the impacts of daily supplements with various combinations of the probiotics, Lactobacillus fermentum TSF331, Lactobacillus reuteri TSR332, and Lactobacillus plantarum TSP05 with a focus on liver function and serum UA levels. Test subjects with abnormal levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and UA were recruited and randomly allocated into six groups. Eighty-two participants successfully completed the 60-day intervention without any dropouts or occurrence of adverse events. The serum AST, ALT, and UA levels were significantly reduced in all treatment groups (P < 0.05). The fecal microbiota analysis revealed the intervention led to an increase in the population of commensal bacteria and a decrease in pathobiont bacteria, especially Bilophila wadsworthia. The in vitro study indicated the probiotic treatments reduced lipid accumulation and inflammatory factor expressions in HepG2 cells, and also promoted UA excretion in Caco-2 cells. The supplementation of multi-strain probiotics (TSF331, TSR332, and TSP05) together can improve liver function and UA management and may have good potential in treating asymptomatic MAFLD. Trial registration. The trial was registered in the US Library of Medicine (clinicaltrials.gov) with the number NCT06183801 on December 28, 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Hung Lin
- Functional R&D Department, Research and Design Center, Glac Biotech Co., Ltd., Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Huei Lin
- Functional R&D Department, Research and Design Center, Glac Biotech Co., Ltd., Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Wei Kuo
- Functional R&D Department, Research and Design Center, Glac Biotech Co., Ltd., Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Chorng-An Liao
- Aging and Disease Prevention Research Center, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Fen Chen
- Research Product Department, Research and Design Center, Glac Biotech Co., Ltd., Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Yu Tsai
- Research Product Department, Research and Design Center, Glac Biotech Co., Ltd., Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Min Li
- Research Product Department, Research and Design Center, Glac Biotech Co., Ltd., Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chieh Hsu
- Research Product Department, Research and Design Center, Glac Biotech Co., Ltd., Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Yu Huang
- Research Product Department, Research and Design Center, Glac Biotech Co., Ltd., Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Ko-Chiang Hsia
- Research Product Department, Research and Design Center, Glac Biotech Co., Ltd., Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Tsung Yeh
- Aging and Disease Prevention Research Center, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences and Biotechnology, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Hsieh-Hsun Ho
- Functional R&D Department, Research and Design Center, Glac Biotech Co., Ltd., Tainan City, Taiwan
- Research Product Department, Research and Design Center, Glac Biotech Co., Ltd., Tainan City, Taiwan
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25
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Lyu Y, Yang X, Yang L, Dai J, Qin H, Zhou Y, Huang Y, Wang Y, Wu D, Shuai Q, Li Q, Xin X, Yin L. Lipid nanoparticle-mediated hepatocyte delivery of siRNA and silibinin in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. J Control Release 2024; 373:385-398. [PMID: 38972640 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Lipid nanoparticle-mediated co-delivery of siRNA and small molecule holds a great potential to treat metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). However, targeted delivery of therapeutics to hepatocytes remains challenging. Taking the advantage of rising low density lipoprotein receptor/very-low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR/VLDR) levels in MASLD, the biological fate of dinonylamine-ethylene glycol chlorophosphate-1-nonanol (DNNA-COP-NA) based lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) was oriented to liver tissues via apolipoprotein E (ApoE)-LDLR/VLDLR pathway. We then adopted a three-round screening strategy to optimize the formulation with both high potency and selectivity to deliver siRNA-HIF-1α (siHIF1α) and silibinin (SLB) payloads to hepatocytes. The optimized SLB/siHIF1α-LNPs mediates great siRNA delivery and transfection of hepatocytes. In high fat diet (HFD)- and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced mouse models of MASLD, SLB/siHIF1α-LNPs enabled the silencing of hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), a therapeutic target primarily expressed by hepatocytes, leading to significantly reduced inflammation and liver fibrosis synergized with SLB. Moreover, it is demonstrated the hepatocyte-targeting delivery of SLB/siHIF1α-LNPs has the potential to restore the immune homeostasis by modulating the population of Tregs and cytotoxic T cells in spleen. This proof-of-concept study enable siRNA and small molecule co-delivery to hepatocytes through intrinsic variation of targeting receptors for MASLD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifu Lyu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiuyi Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinyu Dai
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huanyu Qin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yunuo Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yunan Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanmei Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qindai Shuai
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qilong Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaofei Xin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Lifang Yin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
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26
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Nyanza EC, Kapiga SH, Nsanya MK, Willkens M, Cichowitz C, Peck RN. Exposure to toxic chemical elements among people living with HIV/AIDS in Northern Tanzania. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 260:119645. [PMID: 39032621 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Environmental exposure to toxic chemicals including cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and mercury (Hg), are known risk factors for cardiovascular (CVD) and kidney disease. In people living with HIV (PLWH), CVD and kidney disease are the leading cause of death. Neither traditional risk factors nor markers of HIV infection fully explain such an increased risk. It is of paramount importance to establish the epidemiology of toxic chemicals exposure in PLWH, to inform screening and prevention interventions in this vulnerable population. This cross-sectional study compares toxic chemical levels (T-Cd, T-Pb, and T-Hg) among PLWH and HIV-uninfected adults in Northwestern Tanzania. A total of 495 PLWH and 505 HIV-uninfected subjects were analyzed. Spearman's rank correlations were used to examine the relationship between toxic chemical elements by HIV status. Linear regression models were used to determine the association between exposures and outcomes of interest among study participants. In both PLWH and HIV-uninfected adults, blood T-Cd, T-Pb, and T-Hg levels were frequently found at levels above the reference value of 5, 50, and 20 μg/L, respectively. Overall, factors associated with blood toxic chemical levels included vegetable servings per week, obesity, untreated water sources, use of alcohol, and HIV. Among PLWH, weekly vegetable intake provided a protective effect against T-Cd (Coeff = -0.03, 95%CI = -0.06, -0.01) and T-Pb (Coeff = -0.05, 95%CI = -0.09, -0.01) exposure among PLWH. Alcohol intake (Coeff = 0.10, 95%CI = 0.06, 0.13), obesity (Coeff = 0.08, 95%CI = 0.02, 0.13), longer duration to indoor smoke exposure (Coeff = 0.003, 95%CI = 0.001, 0.004), and HIV infection (Coeff = 0.11, 95%CI = 0.07, 0.15) were associated with increased individuals blood T-Hg levels. Individuals in northwestern Tanzania, including PLWH, have high blood levels for T-Cd, T-Pb, and T-Hg. Factors associated with higher blood levels include water sources, obesity, use of alcohol, exposure to indoor smoke, and HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias C Nyanza
- Department of Environmental, Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 1464, Bugando, Mwanza, Tanzania; Mwanza Intervention Trials Unit & National Institute for Medical Research (MITU/NIMR), Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Saidi H Kapiga
- Mwanza Intervention Trials Unit & National Institute for Medical Research (MITU/NIMR), Mwanza, Tanzania; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), London, UK
| | - Mussa K Nsanya
- Mwanza Intervention Trials Unit & National Institute for Medical Research (MITU/NIMR), Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Megan Willkens
- Center for Global Health, Department of Internal Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Cody Cichowitz
- Division of Cardiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Robert N Peck
- Mwanza Intervention Trials Unit & National Institute for Medical Research (MITU/NIMR), Mwanza, Tanzania; Center for Global Health, Department of Internal Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA.
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27
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Pelpolage SW, Sasaki R, Shimada K, Nagura T, Uchino H, Han KH, Fukushima M. Oral Supplementation with Betaine Powder Ameliorated High Blood Pressure in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Metabolites 2024; 14:390. [PMID: 39057713 PMCID: PMC11279126 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14070390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Revised: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Supplementation of betaine is associated with improved cardiac health, potentially due to its function in re-methylation of homocysteine, an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. We investigated the effects of oral betaine supplementation on blood pressure homeostasis in spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) rats and Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats in an 8 week-feeding trial with control (SHR-con and WKY-con) and 1% betaine supplemented (SHR-b and WKY-b) diets. Systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressure in the SHR-b group were significantly lower at week 8 (p = 0.013, p = 0.011, p = 0.010, respectively). Furthermore, serum nitric oxide (NO) levels were significantly (p < 0.05) improved in the WKY-b and SHR-b groups, suggesting a healthy endothelial function. Additionally, the serum angiotensin I converting enzyme level in SHR-b rats was also significantly lowered, which may have been another reason for lower blood pressure. A significantly higher non-HDL level in the SHR-b group might reflect enhanced lipid secretion into the circulation in the form of very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL). Betaine is known for its effect on the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine, a key component of VLDL. However, the long-term net outcomes of both blood pressure lowering and serum lipid increment should be further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samanthi Wathsala Pelpolage
- Department of Life and Food Sciences, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada, Obihiro 080-8555, Hokkaido, Japan; (S.W.P.); (R.S.); (K.S.)
| | - Rie Sasaki
- Department of Life and Food Sciences, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada, Obihiro 080-8555, Hokkaido, Japan; (S.W.P.); (R.S.); (K.S.)
| | - Kenichiro Shimada
- Department of Life and Food Sciences, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada, Obihiro 080-8555, Hokkaido, Japan; (S.W.P.); (R.S.); (K.S.)
| | - Taizo Nagura
- Research Center, Nippon Beet Sugar Mfg., Co., Ltd., Obihiro 080-0831, Hokkaido, Japan; (T.N.)
| | - Hirokatsu Uchino
- Research Center, Nippon Beet Sugar Mfg., Co., Ltd., Obihiro 080-0831, Hokkaido, Japan; (T.N.)
| | - Kyu-Ho Han
- Department of Life and Food Sciences, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada, Obihiro 080-8555, Hokkaido, Japan; (S.W.P.); (R.S.); (K.S.)
| | - Michihiro Fukushima
- Department of Life and Food Sciences, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada, Obihiro 080-8555, Hokkaido, Japan; (S.W.P.); (R.S.); (K.S.)
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Luo S, Luo R, Deng G, Huang F, Lei Z. Programmed cell death, from liver Ischemia-Reperfusion injury perspective: An overview. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32480. [PMID: 39040334 PMCID: PMC11260932 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Liver ischemia-reperfusion injury (LIRI) commonly occurs in liver resection, liver transplantation, shock, and other hemorrhagic conditions, resulting in profound local and systemic effects via associated inflammatory responses and hepatic cell death. Hepatocyte death is a significant component of LIRI and its mechanism was previously thought to be limited to apoptosis and necrosis. With the discovery of novel types of programmed cell death (PCD), necroptosis, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, autophagy, NETosis, and parthanatos have been shown to be involved in LIRI. Understanding the mechanisms underlying cell death following LIRI is indispensable to mitigating the widespread effects of LIRI. Here, we review the roles of different PCD and discuss potential therapy in LIRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaobin Luo
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha , PR China
- Endoscopy Center and Endoscopy Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Rongkun Luo
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha , PR China
| | - Gang Deng
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha , PR China
| | - Feizhou Huang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha , PR China
| | - Zhao Lei
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha , PR China
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Lopez Arrieta Z, Rodríguez-Cavallo E, Méndez-Cuadro D. Gingival Enlargement Associated with Orthodontics Appliance Increases Protein Carbonylation and Alters Phosphorylation of Salivary Proteome. Dent J (Basel) 2024; 12:208. [PMID: 39056995 PMCID: PMC11275265 DOI: 10.3390/dj12070208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Gingival enlargement is a common clinical sign in the gingival diseases associated with orthodontic treatment. Its biological mechanisms are not completely understood; nevertheless, the biochemical changes associated with these inflammatory and overgrowth processes could alter the post-translational protein modifications occurring in various locations within the mouth. Here, changes in the profiles of the carbonylated and phosphorylated proteins in saliva were examined in donors with gingival enlargement (seven men and seven women) and healthy donors (six men and eight women). The sociodemographic characteristics of both groups did not present significant differences. Carbonylation was measured by a quantitative immunoassay (Dot Blot), whereas the profiles of the phosphorylated proteins were visualized by SDS-PAGE with quercetin staining. Some phosphopeptides were also identified using a typical LC-MS-MS approach. Our results showed that gingival enlargement induced a significant increase in oxidative damage in salivary proteins. While a significant reduction in phosphorylation was observed at the stain level in SDS-PAGE, there was a slight increase in the number of phosphorylated proteins identified by MS in samples with gingival enlargement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erika Rodríguez-Cavallo
- Analytical Chemistry and Biomedicine Group, Exacts and Natural Sciences Faculty, University of Cartagena, Cartagena 130014, Colombia;
| | - Darío Méndez-Cuadro
- Analytical Chemistry and Biomedicine Group, Exacts and Natural Sciences Faculty, University of Cartagena, Cartagena 130014, Colombia;
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Choi S, Ofosu-Boateng M, Kim S, Nnamani DO, Mah'moud M, Neequaye P, Gebreyesus LH, Twum E, Gonzalez FJ, Yue Cui J, Gyamfi MA. Molecular targets of PXR-dependent ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity in female mice. Biochem Pharmacol 2024:116416. [PMID: 38986717 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
The pregnane X receptor (PXR, NR1I2), a xenobiotic-sensing nuclear receptor signaling potentiates ethanol (EtOH)-induced hepatotoxicity in male mice, however, how PXR signaling modulates EtOH-induced hepatotoxicity in female mice is unknown. Wild type (WT) and Pxr-null mice received 5 % EtOH-containing diets or paired-fed control diets for 8 weeks followed by assessment of liver injury, EtOH elimination rates, histology, and changes in gene and protein expression; microarray and bioinformatic analyses were also employed to identify PXR targets in chronic EtOH-induced hepatotoxicity. In WT females, EtOH ingestion significantly increased serum ethanol and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, hepatic Pxr mRNA, constitutive androstane receptor activation, Cyp2b10 mRNA and protein, oxidative stress, endoplasmic stress (phospho-elF2α) and pro-apoptotic (Bax) protein expression. Unexpectedly, EtOH-fed female Pxr-null mice displayed increased EtOH elimination and elevated levels of hepatic acetaldehyde detoxifying aldehyde dehydrogenase 1a1 (Aldh1a1) mRNA and protein, EtOH-metabolizing alcohol dehydrogenase 1 (ADH1), and lipid suppressing microsomal triglyceride transport protein (MTP) protein, aldo-keto reductase 1b7 (Akr1b7) and Cyp2a5 mRNA, but suppressed CYP2B10 protein levels, with evidence of protection against chronic EtOH-induced oxidative stress and hepatotoxicity. While liver injury was not different between the two WT sexes, female sex may suppress EtOH-induced macrovesicular steatosis in the liver. Several genes and pathways important in retinol and steroid hormone biosynthesis, chemical carcinogenesis, and arachidonic acid metabolism were upregulated by EtOH in a PXR-dependent manner in both sexes. Together, these data establish that female Pxr-null mice are resistant to chronic EtOH-induced hepatotoxicity and unravel the PXR-dependent and -independent mechanisms that contribute to EtOH-induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sora Choi
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - Malvin Ofosu-Boateng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 881 Madison Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163 USA
| | - Sarah Kim
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Daniel O Nnamani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 881 Madison Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163 USA
| | - Mia Mah'moud
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - Prince Neequaye
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - Lidya H Gebreyesus
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 881 Madison Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163 USA
| | - Elizabeth Twum
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 881 Madison Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163 USA
| | - Frank J Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Building 37, Room 3106, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Julia Yue Cui
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Maxwell A Gyamfi
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 881 Madison Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163 USA.
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Zhang Q, Wu S, Chen Q, Zhang Y, Zhang C, Yin R, Ouyang Z, Wei Y. Reducing Oxidative Stress-Mediated Alcoholic Liver Injury by Multiplexed RNAi of Cyp2e1, Cyp4a10, and Cyp4a14. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1505. [PMID: 39062078 PMCID: PMC11274525 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12071505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of excessive drinking-related alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is rising, yet therapeutic options remain limited. High alcohol consumption and consequent oxidative metabolism by cytochrome P450 (CYP) can lead to extremely high levels of reactive oxygen species, which overwhelm cellular defenses and harm hepatocytes. Our previous investigations showed that inhibiting Cyp2e1 using RNA interference reduced the incidence of ALD. However, compensatory mechanisms other than CYP2E1 contribute to oxidative stress in the liver. Therefore, we coupled triple siRNA lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) targeting Cyp2e1 with two isoenzymes Cyp4a10 and Cyp4a14 to treat ALD mouse models fed with Lieber-Decarli ethanol liquid diet for 12 weeks at the early (1st week), middle (5th week), and late (9th week) stages. The administration of triple siRNA LNPs significantly ameliorated chronic alcoholic liver injury in mice, and early treatment achieved the most profound effects. These effects can be attributed to a reduction in oxidative stress and increased expression of antioxidant genes, including Gsh-Px, Gsh-Rd, and Sod1. Moreover, we observed the alleviation of inflammation, evidenced by the downregulation of Il-1β, Il-6, Tnf-α, and Tgf-β, and the prevention of excessive lipid synthesis, evidenced by the restoration of the expression of Srebp1c, Acc, and Fas. Finally, triple siRNA treatment maintained normal metabolism in lipid oxidation. In brief, our research examined the possible targets for clinical intervention in ALD by examining the therapeutic effects of triple siRNA LNPs targeting Cyp2e1, Cyp4a10, and Cyp4a14. The in vivo knockdown of the three genes in this study is suggested as a promising siRNA therapeutic approach for ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (Q.Z.); (S.W.)
| | - Shuang Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (Q.Z.); (S.W.)
| | - Qiubing Chen
- Department of Urology, Frontier Science Centre for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yahong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (Q.Z.); (S.W.)
| | - Cai Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (Q.Z.); (S.W.)
| | - Runting Yin
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (Q.Z.); (S.W.)
| | - Zhen Ouyang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (Q.Z.); (S.W.)
| | - Yuan Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (Q.Z.); (S.W.)
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Xian X, Li L, Ye J, Mo W, Liang D, Huang M, Chang Y, Cui Z. Betaine and I-LG may have a predictive value for ATB: A causal study in a large European population. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0306752. [PMID: 38968285 PMCID: PMC11226055 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0306752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyze the causal relationship between 486 human serum metabolites and the active tuberculosis (ATB) in European population. METHODS In this study, the causal relationship between human serum metabolites and the ATB was analyzed by integrating the genome-wide association study (GWAS). The 486 human serum metabolites were used as the exposure variable, three different ATB GWAS databases in the European population were set as outcome variables, and single nucleotide polymorphisms were used as instrumental variables for Mendelian Randomization. The inverse variance weighting was estimated causality, the MR-Egger intercept to estimate horizontal pleiotropy, and the combined effects of metabolites were also considered in the meta-analysis. Furthermore, the web-based MetaboAnalyst 6.0 was engaged for enrichment pathway analysis, while R (version 4.3.2) software and Review Manager 5.3 were employed for statistical analysis. RESULTS A total of 21, 17, and 19 metabolites strongly associated with ATB were found in the three databases after preliminary screening (P < 0.05). The intersecting metabolites across these databases included tryptophan, betaine, 1-linoleoylglycerol (1-monolinolein) (1-LG), 1-eicosatrienoylglycerophosphocholine, and oleoylcarnitine. Among them, betaine (I2 = 24%, P = 0.27) and 1-LG (I2 = 0%, P = 0.62) showed the lowest heterogeneity among the different ATB databases. In addition, the metabolic pathways of phosphatidylethanolamine biosynthesis (P = 0.0068), methionine metabolism (P = 0.0089), betaine metabolism (P = 0.0205) and oxidation of branched-chain fatty acids (P = 0.0309) were also associated with ATB. CONCLUSION Betaine and 1-LG may be biomarkers or auxiliary diagnostic tools for ATB. They may provide new guidance for medical practice in the early diagnosis and surveillance of ATB. In addition, by interfering with phosphatidylethanolamine biosynthesis, methionine metabolism, betaine metabolism, oxidation of branched-chain fatty acids, and other pathways, it is helpful to develop new anti-tuberculosis drugs and explore the virulence or pathogenesis of ATB at a deeper level, providing an effective reference for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Xian
- School of Public Health, the Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jing Ye
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Major Infectious Disease Prevention and Control and Biosafety Emergency Response, Guangxi Key Discipline Platform of Tuberculosis Control, Guangxi Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Wenxiu Mo
- School of Public Health and Management, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, China
| | - Dabin Liang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Major Infectious Disease Prevention and Control and Biosafety Emergency Response, Guangxi Key Discipline Platform of Tuberculosis Control, Guangxi Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Minying Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Major Infectious Disease Prevention and Control and Biosafety Emergency Response, Guangxi Key Discipline Platform of Tuberculosis Control, Guangxi Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yue Chang
- School of Medicine and Health Management, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Zhezhe Cui
- School of Public Health, the Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Major Infectious Disease Prevention and Control and Biosafety Emergency Response, Guangxi Key Discipline Platform of Tuberculosis Control, Guangxi Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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Manea M, Mărunțelu I, Constantinescu I. A New Assessment of Two Transferase-Based Liver Enzymes in Low- and High-Fibrosis Patients Chronically Infected with Hepatitis B Virus: A Meta-Analysis and Pilot Study. J Clin Med 2024; 13:3903. [PMID: 38999469 PMCID: PMC11242663 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13133903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: The detection of fibrosis remains a necessity for the evaluation of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-infected patients, but the most accurate technique is invasive. Current studies aim to develop a novel noninvasive biomarker for fibrosis assessment, but no-one has found the ideal candidate. This study is a meta-analysis combined with a pilot study to investigate the connection between two transferase compounds and the levels of fibrosis. Methods: We studied data from PUBMED, Web of Science, and Scopus, retrieving 28,896 articles. Following PRISMA guidelines, we finally analyzed full-text articles written in English. The excluded items were duplicates, non-article entries, and irrelevant papers. We assessed the variations in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) levels between patients with high and low levels of fibrosis. Joanna Briggs Institute tools were used to assess article quality. We used R 4.2.2 for statistics. The pilot study included 14 randomly chosen patients with different fibrosis levels. Results: We found significant differences in ALT and GGT levels between patients with high and low fibrosis. The GGT/ALT ratio correlated with the levels of fibrosis and the fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) score. Conclusions: This meta-analysis assessed ALT and GGT levels in chronic HBV patients with fibrosis. The pilot study identified the first association between fibrosis and the GGT/ALT ratio in a Romanian cohort of chronic patients. This brings new ideas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Manea
- Immunology and Transplant Immunology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila", 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ion Mărunțelu
- Immunology and Transplant Immunology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila", 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Centre of Immunogenetics and Virology, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ileana Constantinescu
- Immunology and Transplant Immunology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila", 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Centre of Immunogenetics and Virology, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
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Mohammadpour YH, Khodayar MJ, Khorsandi L, Kalantar H. Betaine alleviates doxorubicin-related cardiotoxicity via suppressing oxidative stress and inflammation via the NLRP3/SIRT1 pathway. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03261-x. [PMID: 38953971 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03261-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Cardiotoxicity is one of the side effects of the anti-cancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) that limits its clinical application. Betaine (BT) is a natural agent with promising useful effects against inflammation and oxidative stress (OS). We assessed the effects of BT on DOX-induced cardiotoxicity in mice. Forty-two male NMRI mice were assigned to six groups: I: control; II: BT (200 mg/kg; orally, alone); III: DOX (2.5 mg/kg; six injections (ip)) for two weeks; IV, V, VI: BT (50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, and 200 mg/kg; orally, once a day for two weeks, respectively) plus DOX administration. The cardiac enzymes like cardiac troponin-I (cTn-I), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) were assessed in serum. Oxidative/inflammatory markers like nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), reduced glutathione level (GSH), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities were determined in cardiac tissue. The expressions of NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3), caspase-1, interleukin (IL)-1β, and silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) proteins were also evaluated in cardiac tissue. The results indicated that DOX significantly increased LDH, CK-MB, cTn-I, MDA, and NO levels and also the caspase-1, NLRP3, and IL-1β expression. Furthermore, DOX caused a significant reduction in the GSH levels and SOD, CAT, GPX activities, and the expression of SIRT1 protein in heart tissue. However, BT significantly improved all studied parameters. The findings were confirmed by histopathological assessments of the heart. BT can protect against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity by suppressing the activation of NLRP3 and OS by stimulating the SIRT1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasaman Hamidavi Mohammadpour
- Toxicology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Khodayar
- Toxicology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Layasadat Khorsandi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Hadi Kalantar
- Toxicology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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Park SY, Kim JE, Kang HM, Park KH, Je BI, Lee KW, Hwang DY, Choi YW. Citrullus mucosospermus Extract Exerts Protective Effects against Methionine- and Choline-Deficient Diet-Induced Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis in Mice. Foods 2024; 13:2101. [PMID: 38998607 PMCID: PMC11240977 DOI: 10.3390/foods13132101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been increasing interest in exploring the potential therapeutic advantages of Citrullus mucosospermus extracts (CME) for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). In this study, we investigated the therapeutic effects of CME on NASH using a mice model. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was employed to identify cucurbitacin E and cucurbitacin E-2-O-glucoside from the CME. Although CME did not significantly alter the serum lipid levels in methionine- and choline-deficient (MCD) mice, it demonstrated a protective effect against MCD diet-induced liver damage. CME reduced histological markers, reduced alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartame transaminase (AST) levels, and modulated key NASH-related genes, including C/EBPα, PPARγ, Fas, and aP2. In addition, CME was found to restore hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) and adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) activity, both crucial for fat catabolism, and reduced the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, CME demonstrated the potential to mitigate oxidative stress by maintaining or enhancing the activation and expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), both pivotal players in antioxidant defense mechanisms. These findings underscore the promising therapeutic potential of CME in ameliorating liver damage, inflammation, and oxidative stress associated with NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Young Park
- Institute of Nano-Bio Convergence, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Eun Kim
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program)/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute/Laboratory Animals Resources Center, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - He Mi Kang
- Department of Horticultural Bioscience/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Ho Park
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program)/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute/Laboratory Animals Resources Center, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung Il Je
- Department of Horticultural Bioscience/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Won Lee
- Natural Products Convergence R&D Division, Kwangdong Pharm. Co., Ltd., Seoul 08381, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Youn Hwang
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program)/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute/Laboratory Animals Resources Center, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Whan Choi
- Department of Horticultural Bioscience/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea
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Li Z, Li J, Li Y, Guo L, Xu P, Du H, Lin N, Xu Y. The role of Cistanches Herba and its ingredients in improving reproductive outcomes: A comprehensive review. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 129:155681. [PMID: 38718638 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infertility patients account for an astonishing proportion of individuals worldwide. Due to its complex etiology and challenging treatment, infertility has imposed significant psychological and economic burdens on many patients. C. Herba (Cistanche tubulosa (Schenk) Wight and Cistanche deserticola Ma), renowned as one of the most prominent Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs), is abundant in diverse bioactive compounds that exhibit therapeutic effects on many diseases related to oxidative stress (OS) and disorders of sex hormone levels. OBJECTIVE Due to the limited drugs currently used in clinical practice to improve reproductive outcomes and their inevitable side effects, developing safe and effective new medications for infertility is of significance. This article comprehensively reviewed the phytochemicals of C. Herba, focusing on their efficacy and mechanisms on infertility and their safety for the first time, aiming to offer valuable insights for the development and application of C. Herba, and for developing novel strategies for treating infertility. METHODS We used "Cistanche" and its known bioactive components in combination with "sperm", "testicles", "epididymis", "ovaries", "uterus", and "infertility" as keywords to search in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and CNKI up to November 2023. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guideline was followed. RESULTS The therapeutic effects of C. Herba on infertility are mainly attributed to echinacoside (ECH), verbascoside (VB), salidroside (SAL), polysaccharides, and betaine. They can effectively improve spermatogenic dysfunction, gonadal dysfunction and erectile dysfunction (ED) by exerting anti-oxidation, sex hormones regulation and anti-hypoxia. Moreover, they can also improve premature ovarian failure (POF), ovarian and uterine cancer, oocyte maturation by exerting anti-oxidation, anti-apoptosis, and anti-cancer. C. Herba and its active ingredients also exhibit pleasing safety. CONCLUSION C. Herba is a promising source of natural medicine for infertility. Additionally, compared to current therapeutic drugs, its favorable safety also supports its development as a nutritional supplement. However, high-quality clinical studies are required to validate its effectiveness for the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehui Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Jiashan Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Li Guo
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Panyu Xu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Hanqian Du
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Na Lin
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
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El-Shater SN, Abo-El-Sooud K, Tolba A, Gamal M, Awad MA, Ibrahim M, Tayeh M, Swielim GA. Effect of in-ovo inoculation of betaine on hatchability, serum antioxidant levels, muscle gene expression and intestinal development of broiler chicks. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2024; 108:883-890. [PMID: 38353323 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of in-ovo inoculation of betaine on hatchability, hatching weight, and intestinal development, as well as serum and expression levels of some antioxidants in the posthatched chicks. A total of 350 fertile eggs of Hubbard efficiency plus breeder's flock were incubated at normal incubation temperature (37.5°C) and randomly assembled into 3 groups with 4 replicates, and 25 eggs per each. The experimental groups were allocated as noninjected control group (CN), diluent-injected group (CP, 0.1 mL saline), and betaine-injected group (B, 2.5 mg in 0.1 mL saline). The injections were performed in the air cells of the eggs on the 12th day of the embryonic phase. Hatchability percentage, hatching weight, serum-reduced glutathione (GSH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were estimated in 7-day-old chicks. Moreover, expression levels of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and SOD were determined in the breast skeletal muscles of chicks. Jejunum histo-morphometric analysis was assessed with computerised morphometric measurements. The results revealed that the hatchability percentage was not influenced by in-ovo injection of betaine or vehicle while betaine significantly increased the hatchling's weight of chicks. Moreover, there were a significant increase in SOD and Nrf2 mRNA expression levels. In-ovo injection of betaine significantly induced positive effects on intestinal morphometry by ameliorating the jejunal villus length, the ratio of villus height to villus width, and absorptive surface area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad N El-Shater
- Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Khaled Abo-El-Sooud
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ayman Tolba
- Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Gamal
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Awad
- Cytology and Histology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Moataz Ibrahim
- R&D Department, Feed Division, Cairo Poultry Company, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Tayeh
- Danisco Animal Nutrition & Health, IFF, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Gamal A Swielim
- Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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Cueto R, Shen W, Liu L, Wang X, Wu S, Mohsin S, Yang L, Khan M, Hu W, Snyder N, Wu Q, Ji Y, Yang XF, Wang H. SAH is a major metabolic sensor mediating worsening metabolic crosstalk in metabolic syndrome. Redox Biol 2024; 73:103139. [PMID: 38696898 PMCID: PMC11070633 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, we observed worsening metabolic crosstalk in mouse models with concomitant metabolic disorders such as hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy), hyperlipidemia, and hyperglycemia and in human coronary artery disease by analyzing metabolic profiles. We found that HHcy worsening is most sensitive to other metabolic disorders. To identify metabolic genes and metabolites responsible for the worsening metabolic crosstalk, we examined mRNA levels of 324 metabolic genes in Hcy, glucose-related and lipid metabolic systems. We examined Hcy-metabolites (Hcy, SAH and SAM) by LS-ESI-MS/MS in 6 organs (heart, liver, brain, lung, spleen, and kidney) from C57BL/6J mice. Through linear regression analysis of Hcy-metabolites and metabolic gene mRNA levels, we discovered that SAH-responsive genes were responsible for most metabolic changes and all metabolic crosstalk mediated by Serine, Taurine, and G3P. SAH-responsive genes worsen glucose metabolism and cause upper glycolysis activation and lower glycolysis suppression, indicative of the accumulation of glucose/glycogen and G3P, Serine synthesis inhibition, and ATP depletion. Insufficient Serine due to negative correlation of PHGDH with SAH concentration may inhibit the folate cycle and transsulfurarion pathway and consequential reduced antioxidant power, including glutathione, taurine, NADPH, and NAD+. Additionally, we identified SAH-activated pathological TG loop as the consequence of increased fatty acid (FA) uptake, FA β-oxidation and Ac-CoA production along with lysosomal damage. We concluded that HHcy is most responsive to other metabolic changes in concomitant metabolic disorders and mediates worsening metabolic crosstalk mainly via SAH-responsive genes, that organ-specific Hcy metabolism determines organ-specific worsening metabolic reprogramming, and that SAH, acetyl-CoA, Serine and Taurine are critical metabolites mediating worsening metabolic crosstalk, redox disturbance, hypomethylation and hyperacetylation linking worsening metabolic reprogramming in metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramon Cueto
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Kats School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Wen Shen
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Kats School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Kats School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Xianwei Wang
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Kats School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sheng Wu
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Kats School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sadia Mohsin
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Kats School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ling Yang
- Medical Genetics & Molecular Biochemistry, Lewis Kats School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mohsin Khan
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Kats School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Wenhui Hu
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Kats School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nathaniel Snyder
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Kats School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Qinghua Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, China
| | - Yong Ji
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Yang
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Kats School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Kats School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hong Wang
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Kats School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Kumar H, Dhanjal DS, Guleria S, Nepovimova E, Sethi N, Dhalaria R, Kuca K. Hepatoprotective effects of fruits pulp, seed, and peel against chemical-induced toxicity: Insights from in vivo studies. Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 189:114742. [PMID: 38754807 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2024.114742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
The liver is a vital organ in human physiology positioned in the upper right quadrant of the peritoneal cavity, which plats a critical role in metabolic processes, detoxification of various substances and overall homeostasis. Along with these critical functions, hepatic diseases impose as significant global health threat. Liver illness is the cause of two million fatalities every year, or 4% of all deaths. Traditionally, healthcare providers have prescribed antibacterial and antiviral medications to address liver illness. Nephrotoxicity is a frequently observed negative reaction to drugs, with the majority of such events happening in individuals who have advanced cirrhosis. Thus, recognizing this gap, there is a dire need of exploration of pharmaceutical alterative for hepatic diseases, with special focus on their efficacy and reduced toxicity. Fruits have long been known to therapeutic impact on human health, thus exploration of fruits components namely pulp, seeds and peels containing phytochemicals have emerged as a promising avenue for hepatoprotective interventions. Thus, review comprehends the information about worldwide burden of chemical induced toxicity and injuries as well as highlight the on-going challenges in hepatic disease management. It also shed light on the valuable contributions fruit parts and their phytocompounds obtained from different components of fruits. Fruit pulp, especially when rich in flavonoids, has demonstrated significant potential in animal model studies. It has been observed to enhance the activity of antioxidant enzymes and reduce the expression of pro-inflammatory markers. The methanolic and ethanolic extracts have demonstrated the most favorable outcomes. Further, this review also discusses about the safety assessments of fruits extracts for their utilization as hepatoprotective agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsh Kumar
- Centre of Advanced Technologies, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 50003, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Daljeet Singh Dhanjal
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Shivani Guleria
- Department of Biotechnology, TIFAC-Centre of Relevance and Excellence in Agro and Industrial Biotechnology (CORE), Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, 147001, India.
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 50003, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Nidhi Sethi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, India
| | - Rajni Dhalaria
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, 173229, India.
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 50003, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
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Wu L, Li Z, Gao N, Deng H, Zhao Q, Hu Z, Chen J, Lei Z, Zhao J, Lin B, Gao Z. Interferon-α could induce liver steatosis to promote HBsAg loss by increasing triglyceride level. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32730. [PMID: 38975233 PMCID: PMC11226829 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The correlation between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) loss remains to be further elucidated, particularly in patients receiving pegylated interferon-α (PEG-IFN) treatment. Methods 758 patients with low HBsAg quantification who had received nucleos(t)ide analog (NUC) therapy for at least one year and subsequently switched to or add on PEG-IFN therapy over an unfixed course were enrolled. 412 patients were obtained with baseline data matched. A total of 206 patients achieved HBsAg loss (cured group) within 48 weeks. Demographic and biochemical data associated with MetS were gathered for analysis. HepG2.2.15 cell line was used in vitro experiments to validate the efficacy of interferon-α (IFN-α). Results The proportion of patients with diabetes or hypertension in the uncured group was significantly higher than in the cured group. The levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG) and glycated albumin remained elevated in the uncured group over the 48 weeks. In contrast, the levels of blood lipids and uric acid remained higher in the cured group within 48 weeks. Triglycerides levels and liver steatosis of all patients increased after PEG-IFN therapy. Baseline elevated uric acid levels and hepatic steatosis may be beneficial for HBsAg loss. IFN-α could induce hepatic steatosis and indirectly promote HBsAg loss by increasing triglyceride level through upregulation of acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 1(ACSL1). Conclusions IFN-α could induce liver steatosis to promote HBsAg loss by increasing triglyceride level through upregulation of ACSL1. Comorbid diabetes may be detrimental to obtaining HBsAg loss with PEG-IFN therapy in CHB patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhihui Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Na Gao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Deng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiyi Zhao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaoxia Hu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junfeng Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziying Lei
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinhua Zhao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bingliang Lin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiliang Gao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
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Salia E, Nartey YA, Djankpa FT, Pappoe F, Nuvor SV, Obiri-Yeboah D. Prevalence of occult hepatitis B infection among treatment-naive persons living with HIV in Ghana. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0305862. [PMID: 38924017 PMCID: PMC11207135 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) constitutes a significant global health challenge, with more than 2 billion people infected globally and almost 291 million chronic cases. In Africa, coinfection of HBV with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is high, yet the condition remains overlooked in many countries. While antiretroviral therapy (ART) has improved HIV survival, viral hepatitis continues to contribute to morbidity and mortality. Occult Hepatitis B infection (OBI), characterized by a low-level of HBV DNA in individuals with negative hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), is an emerging concern among HIV seropositive individuals due to the risk of HBV reactivation and associated complications, especially hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Ghana has an estimated HBV/HIV coinfection prevalence of 13.6% making it important to also determine potential cases of OBI. This study aims to assess OBI prevalence in persons living with HIV (PLHIV). A cross-sectional study was conducted in five health facilities in the Cape Coast Metropolis. HBV-related serological markers were determined among 116 PLHIV using the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) method. HBV DNA was extracted from 30 participants found to be HBsAg negative but positive for hepatitis B core antibody (HBcAb+). Nested PCR was employed in detecting HBV DNA and HBV viral load was performed using qPCR. The median age of the participants was 37 years (IQR 22-65). Serologically, 7.8% (n = 9, 95% CI: 3.5-22.7), 12.1% (n = 14), and 25.9% (n = 30) tested positive for solely HBsAg, HBsAb, and HBcAb respectively. OBI prevalence among HBsAg-/HBcAb+ participants was 16.7% (n = 5, 95% CI: 6.5-23.7) with a median HBV DNA level of 139.2 IU/ml (IQR, 96.7-142.0). The prevalence of OBI among HIV-positive participants in the Cape Coast Metropolis highlights the need to consider screening for HBV among HIV patients using nucleic acid amplification tests. This can inform medical management and reduce the risk of liver complications, including HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Salia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
- Central Laboratory Sub-BMC, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
| | - Yvonne Ayerki Nartey
- Departmment of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, School of Medical Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cape Coast Teaching Hospital, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Francis Tanam Djankpa
- Department of Anatomical Pathology and Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Faustina Pappoe
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Samuel Victor Nuvor
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Dorcas Obiri-Yeboah
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
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Orosz L, Sárvári KP, Dernovics Á, Rosztóczy A, Megyeri K. Pathogenesis and clinical features of severe hepatitis E virus infection. World J Virol 2024; 13:91580. [PMID: 38984076 PMCID: PMC11229844 DOI: 10.5501/wjv.v13.i2.91580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The hepatitis E virus (HEV), a member of the Hepeviridae family, is a small, non-enveloped icosahedral virus divided into eight distinct genotypes (HEV-1 to HEV-8). Only genotypes 1 to 4 are known to cause diseases in humans. Genotypes 1 and 2 commonly spread via fecal-oral transmission, often through the consumption of contaminated water. Genotypes 3 and 4 are known to infect pigs, deer, and wild boars, often transferring to humans through inadequately cooked meat. Acute hepatitis caused by HEV in healthy individuals is mostly asymptomatic or associated with minor symptoms, such as jaundice. However, in immunosuppressed individuals, the disease can progress to chronic hepatitis and even escalate to cirrhosis. For pregnant women, an HEV infection can cause fulminant liver failure, with a potential mortality rate of 25%. Mortality rates also rise amongst cirrhotic patients when they contract an acute HEV infection, which can even trigger acute-on-chronic liver failure if layered onto pre-existing chronic liver disease. As the prevalence of HEV infection continues to rise worldwide, highlighting the particular risks associated with severe HEV infection is of major medical interest. This text offers a brief summary of the characteristics of hepatitis developed by patient groups at an elevated risk of severe HEV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- László Orosz
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Szeged, Szeged 6720, Csongrád-Csanád, Hungary
| | - Károly Péter Sárvári
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Szeged, Szeged 6720, Csongrád-Csanád, Hungary
| | - Áron Dernovics
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Szeged, Szeged 6720, Csongrád-Csanád, Hungary
| | - András Rosztóczy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Szeged, Szeged 6725, Csongrád-Csanád, Hungary
| | - Klára Megyeri
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Szeged, Szeged 6720, Csongrád-Csanád, Hungary
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Di Nisio E, Manzini V, Licursi V, Negri R. To Erase or Not to Erase: Non-Canonical Catalytic Functions and Non-Catalytic Functions of Members of Histone Lysine Demethylase Families. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6900. [PMID: 39000010 PMCID: PMC11241480 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25136900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Histone lysine demethylases (KDMs) play an essential role in biological processes such as transcription regulation, RNA maturation, transposable element control, and genome damage sensing and repair. In most cases, their action requires catalytic activities, but non-catalytic functions have also been shown in some KDMs. Indeed, some strictly KDM-related proteins and some KDM isoforms do not act as histone demethylase but show other enzymatic activities or relevant non-enzymatic functions in different cell types. Moreover, many studies have reported on functions potentially supported by catalytically dead mutant KDMs. This is probably due to the versatility of the catalytical core, which can adapt to assume different molecular functions, and to the complex multi-domain structure of these proteins which encompasses functional modules for targeting histone modifications, promoting protein-protein interactions, or recognizing nucleic acid structural motifs. This rich modularity and the availability of multiple isoforms in the various classes produced variants with enzymatic functions aside from histone demethylation or variants with non-catalytical functions during the evolution. In this review we will catalog the proteins with null or questionable demethylase activity and predicted or validated inactive isoforms, summarizing what is known about their alternative functions. We will then go through some experimental evidence for the non-catalytical functions of active KDMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Di Nisio
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies “C. Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (E.D.N.); (V.M.)
| | - Valeria Manzini
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies “C. Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (E.D.N.); (V.M.)
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology (IBPM), National Research Council (CNR) of Italy, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Valerio Licursi
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology (IBPM), National Research Council (CNR) of Italy, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Rodolfo Negri
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies “C. Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (E.D.N.); (V.M.)
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology (IBPM), National Research Council (CNR) of Italy, 00185 Rome, Italy;
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Wei X, Luo D, Li H, Li Y, Cen S, Huang M, Jiang X, Zhong G, Zeng W. The roles and potential mechanisms of plant polysaccharides in liver diseases: a review. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1400958. [PMID: 38966560 PMCID: PMC11222613 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1400958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Plant polysaccharides (PP) demonstrate a diverse array of biological and pharmacological properties. This comprehensive review aims to compile and present the multifaceted roles and underlying mechanisms of plant polysaccharides in various liver diseases. These diseases include non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), alcoholic liver disease (ALD), fibrosis, drug-induced liver injury (DILI), and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study aims to elucidate the intricate mechanisms and therapeutic potential of plant polysaccharides, shedding light on their significance and potential applications in the management and potential prevention of these liver conditions. An exhaustive literature search was conducted for this study, utilizing prominent databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, and CNKI. The search criteria focused on the formula "(plant polysaccharides liver disease) NOT (review)" was employed to ensure the inclusion of original research articles up to the year 2023. Relevant literature was extracted and analyzed from these databases. Plant polysaccharides exhibit promising pharmacological properties, particularly in the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism and their anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. The ongoing progress of studies on the molecular mechanisms associated with polysaccharides will offer novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of chronic liver diseases (CLDs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianzhi Wei
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Guangzhou, China
| | - Daimin Luo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haonan Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yagang Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shizhuo Cen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianxing Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guoping Zhong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiwei Zeng
- Shenzhen Longgang Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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Palladino C, Ramis R, Ezeonwumelu IJ, Biondi A, Carreras G, Fischer F, Gallus S, Golinelli D, Gorini G, Hassan S, Kabir Z, Koyanagi A, Lazarus JV, Mentis AFA, Meretoja TJ, Mokdad AH, Monasta L, Mulita F, Postma MJ, Tabarés-Seisdedos R, Thiyagarajan A, Taveira N, Briz V. Impact of the 2008 economic crisis on the burden of hepatitis B and C diseases in Southern European countries. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1642. [PMID: 38902642 PMCID: PMC11188182 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18912-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The economic crisis that began in 2008 has severely affected Southern (Greece, Italy, Portugal, Spain) Western European (SWE) countries of Western Europe (WE) and may have affected ongoing efforts to eliminate viral hepatitis. This study was conducted to investigate the impact of the economic crisis on the burden of HBV and HCV disease. METHODS Global Burden of Diseases 2019 data were used to analyse the rates of epidemiological metrics of HBV and HCV acute and chronic infections in SWE and WE. Time series modelling was performed to quantify the impact of healthcare expenditure on the time trend of HBV and HCV disease burden in 2000-2019. RESULTS Declining trends in incidence and prevalence rates of acute HBV (aHBV) and chronic HBV were observed in SWE and WE, with the pace of decline being slower in the post-austerity period (2010-2019) and mortality due to HBV stabilised in SWE. Acute HCV (aHCV) metrics and chronic HCV incidence and mortality showed a stable trend in SWE and WE, whereas the prevalence of chronic HCV showed an oscillating trend, decreasing in WE in 2010-2019 (p < 0.001). Liver cancer due to both hepatitis infections showed a stagnant burden over time. An inverse association was observed between health expenditure and metrics of both acute and chronic HBV and HCV. CONCLUSIONS Epidemiological metrics for HBV and HCV showed a slower pace of decline in the post-austerity period with better improvement for HBV, a stabilisation of mortality and a stagnant burden for liver cancer due to both hepatitis infections. The economic crisis of 2008 had a negative impact on the burden of hepatitis B and C. Elimination of HBV and HCV by 2030 will be a major challenge in the SWE countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Palladino
- Research Institute for Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Gama Pinto, Lisbon, 1649-003, Portugal.
| | - Rebeca Ramis
- Nacional Center for Epidemiology, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ifeanyi Jude Ezeonwumelu
- Institute for Health Science Research Germans Trias I Pujol, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Badalona, Spain
| | - Antonio Biondi
- Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giulia Carreras
- Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention, and Clinical Network, Florence, Italy
| | - Florian Fischer
- Institute of Public Health, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charité Medical University Berlin), Berlin, Germany
| | - Silvano Gallus
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milan, Mario, Italy
| | - Davide Golinelli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gorini
- Oncological Network, Prevention and Research Institute, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention, and Clinical Network, Florence, Italy
| | - Shoaib Hassan
- Center for International Health (CIH), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Bergen Center for Ethics and Priority Setting (BCEPS), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Zubair Kabir
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Ai Koyanagi
- San Juan de Dios Sanitary Park, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Tuomo J Meretoja
- Breast Surgery Unit, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ali H Mokdad
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lorenzo Monasta
- Clinical Epidemiology and Public Health Research Unit, Burlo Garofolo Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Trieste, Italy
| | - Francesk Mulita
- Department of Surgery, General University Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Maarten J Postma
- University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Center of Excellence in Higher Education for Pharmaceutical Care Innovation, Universitas Padjadjaran (Padjadjaran University), Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos
- Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Carlos III Health Institute, Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CiberSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Arulmani Thiyagarajan
- Clinical Epidemiology, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology, Bremen, Germany
| | - Nuno Taveira
- University Institute "Egas Moniz", Monte da Caparica, Portugal
- Research Institute for Medicines, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Verónica Briz
- Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, National Center of Microbiology, Institute of Health Carlos III, Carretera Majadahonda-Pozuelo Km 2.2, 28220, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.
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Bhatt M, Lazzarin E, Alberto-Silva AS, Domingo G, Zerlotti R, Gradisch R, Bazzone A, Sitte HH, Stockner T, Bossi E. Unveiling the crucial role of betaine: modulation of GABA homeostasis via SLC6A1 transporter (GAT1). Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:269. [PMID: 38884791 PMCID: PMC11335192 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05309-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Betaine is an endogenous osmolyte that exhibits therapeutic potential by mitigating various neurological disorders. However, the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible for its neuroprotective effects remain puzzling.In this study, we describe a possible mechanism behind the positive impact of betaine in preserving neurons from excitotoxicity. Here we demonstrate that betaine at low concentration modulates the GABA uptake by GAT1 (slc6a1), the predominant GABA transporter in the central nervous system. This modulation occurs through the temporal inhibition of the transporter, wherein prolonged occupancy by betaine impedes the swift transition of the transporter to the inward conformation. Importantly, the modulatory effect of betaine on GAT1 is reversible, as the blocking of GAT1 disappears with increased extracellular GABA. Using electrophysiology, mass spectroscopy, radiolabelled cellular assay, and molecular dynamics simulation we demonstrate that betaine has a dual role in GAT1: at mM concentration acts as a slow substrate, and at µM as a temporal blocker of GABA, when it is below its K0.5. Given this unique modulatory characteristic and lack of any harmful side effects, betaine emerges as a promising neuromodulator of the inhibitory pathways improving GABA homeostasis via GAT1, thereby conferring neuroprotection against excitotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manan Bhatt
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Insubria, Via J. H. Dunant 3, 21100, Varese, Italy
| | - Erika Lazzarin
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ana Sofia Alberto-Silva
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Guido Domingo
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Insubria, Via J. H. Dunant 3, 21100, Varese, Italy
| | - Rocco Zerlotti
- Nanion Technologies GmbH, Ganghoferstr. 70a, 80339, Munich, Germany
| | - Ralph Gradisch
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andre Bazzone
- Nanion Technologies GmbH, Ganghoferstr. 70a, 80339, Munich, Germany
| | - Harald H Sitte
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Hourani Center for Applied Scientific Research, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, 19328, Jordan
- Center for Addiction Research and Science, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Stockner
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elena Bossi
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Insubria, Via J. H. Dunant 3, 21100, Varese, Italy.
- Centre for Neuroscience, University of Insubria, 21100, Varese, Italy.
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47
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Frusciante L, Geminiani M, Olmastroni T, Mastroeni P, Trezza A, Salvini L, Lamponi S, Spiga O, Santucci A. Repurposing Castanea sativa Spiny Burr By-Products Extract as a Potentially Effective Anti-Inflammatory Agent for Novel Future Biotechnological Applications. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:763. [PMID: 38929746 PMCID: PMC11205080 DOI: 10.3390/life14060763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The concept of a "circular bioeconomy" holds great promise for the health, cosmetic, and nutrition sectors by re-using Castanea sativa (Mill.) by-products. This sustainable resource is rich in bioactive secondary metabolites with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. By transforming these by-products into high-value products for human health, we can promote sustainable economic growth and reduce the environmental impact of traditional waste disposal, adding value to previously underutilized resources. In the present study, we investigated the antioxidant capacity, phytochemical composition, and in vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of C. sativa burr (CSB) aqueous extract. The spectrophotometric study revealed high total phenolic content (TPC) values with significant antioxidant and anti-radical properties. Using UPLC-MS/MS techniques, the phytochemical investigation identified 56 metabolites, confirming the presence of phenolic compounds in CSBs. In addition, CSBs significantly downregulated pro-inflammatory mediators in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells without significant cell toxicity. Lastly, in silico studies pinpointed three kinases from RAW 264.7 cells as binding partners with ellagic acid, the predominant compound found in our extract. These findings strongly advocate for the recycling and valorization of C. sativa by-products, challenging their conventional classification as mere "waste".
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Frusciante
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Chimica e Farmacia, Università di Siena, Via Aldo Moro, 53100 Siena, Italy; (L.F.); (T.O.); (P.M.); (A.T.); (S.L.); (O.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Michela Geminiani
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Chimica e Farmacia, Università di Siena, Via Aldo Moro, 53100 Siena, Italy; (L.F.); (T.O.); (P.M.); (A.T.); (S.L.); (O.S.); (A.S.)
- SienabioACTIVE, Università di Siena, Via Aldo Moro, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Tommaso Olmastroni
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Chimica e Farmacia, Università di Siena, Via Aldo Moro, 53100 Siena, Italy; (L.F.); (T.O.); (P.M.); (A.T.); (S.L.); (O.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Pierfrancesco Mastroeni
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Chimica e Farmacia, Università di Siena, Via Aldo Moro, 53100 Siena, Italy; (L.F.); (T.O.); (P.M.); (A.T.); (S.L.); (O.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Alfonso Trezza
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Chimica e Farmacia, Università di Siena, Via Aldo Moro, 53100 Siena, Italy; (L.F.); (T.O.); (P.M.); (A.T.); (S.L.); (O.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Laura Salvini
- Fondazione Toscana Life Sciences, Strada del Petriccio e Belriguardo, 53100 Siena, Italy;
| | - Stefania Lamponi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Chimica e Farmacia, Università di Siena, Via Aldo Moro, 53100 Siena, Italy; (L.F.); (T.O.); (P.M.); (A.T.); (S.L.); (O.S.); (A.S.)
- SienabioACTIVE, Università di Siena, Via Aldo Moro, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Ottavia Spiga
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Chimica e Farmacia, Università di Siena, Via Aldo Moro, 53100 Siena, Italy; (L.F.); (T.O.); (P.M.); (A.T.); (S.L.); (O.S.); (A.S.)
- ARTES 4.0, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio, 34, 56025 Pontedera, Italy
| | - Annalisa Santucci
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Chimica e Farmacia, Università di Siena, Via Aldo Moro, 53100 Siena, Italy; (L.F.); (T.O.); (P.M.); (A.T.); (S.L.); (O.S.); (A.S.)
- SienabioACTIVE, Università di Siena, Via Aldo Moro, 53100 Siena, Italy
- ARTES 4.0, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio, 34, 56025 Pontedera, Italy
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48
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Yang M, Wang D, Wang X, Mei J, Gong Q. Role of Folate in Liver Diseases. Nutrients 2024; 16:1872. [PMID: 38931227 PMCID: PMC11206401 DOI: 10.3390/nu16121872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Folate is a water-soluble B vitamin involved in the synthesis of purines and pyrimidines and is one of the essential vitamins for human growth and reproduction. Folate deficiency due to low dietary intake, poor absorption of folate, and alterations in folate metabolism due to genetic defects or drug interactions significantly increases the risk of diseases such as neural tube defects, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and cognitive dysfunction. Recent studies have shown that folate deficiency can cause hyperhomocysteinemia, which increases the risk of hypertension and cardiovascular disease, and that high homocysteine levels are an independent risk factor for liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. In addition, folate deficiency results in increased secretion of pro-inflammatory factors and impaired lipid metabolism in the liver, leading to lipid accumulation in hepatocytes and fibrosis. There is substantial evidence that folate deficiency contributes to the development and progression of a variety of liver diseases, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), alcoholic liver disease (ALD), viral hepatitis, hepatic fibrosis, and liver cancer. Here we review key studies on the role of folate in the pathophysiology of liver diseases, summarize the current status of studies on folate in the treatment of liver diseases, and speculate that folate may be a potential therapeutic target for liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minlan Yang
- School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434020, China
| | | | | | | | - Quan Gong
- School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434020, China
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49
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Stefan N, Hartleb M, Popovic B, Varona R. Effect of essential phospholipids on hepatic steatosis in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus and/or hyperlipidemia and/or obesity: study protocol of a randomized, double-blind, phase IV clinical trial. Trials 2024; 25:374. [PMID: 38858768 PMCID: PMC11165850 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-024-08208-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a predominant chronic liver condition globally and is strongly associated with obesity, diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemia. Essential phospholipids (EPL) are recommended as supportive treatment for managing liver conditions, including MASLD or metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis, cirrhosis, and viral hepatitis. While efficacy of EPL as an adjunctive therapy in MASLD treatment has been established earlier, certain aspects of its usage such as the impact of standard-of-care parameters, effect of EPL on quality of life (QoL) and change in symptoms evaluation in patients with MASLD remain unexplored. The proposed trial aims to assess the efficacy and safety of EPL and the subsequent QoL of patients with MASLD associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and/or hyperlipidemia and/or obesity. METHODS This is a multicenter, multinational, double-blind, randomized, two-arm, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, phase IV clinical trial. The trial is being conducted in approximately 190 patients who are randomized on a 1:1 basis either to the EPL arm (Essentiale® 1800 mg/day orally + standard of care) or placebo arm (placebo + standard of care). The primary outcome is to assess the efficacy of EPL on hepatic steatosis, as measured by transient elastography, from baseline to 6 months. The secondary outcomes include change in QoL parameters, as measured by the Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire-metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease/ metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis and change in symptom evaluation (using the Global Overall Symptom scale) from baseline to 6 months for symptoms, including asthenia, feeling depressed, abdominal pain/discomfort, or fatigue. DISCUSSION The current protocol design will allow to comprehensively explore the efficacy of EPL added to the standard of care on hepatic steatosis and QoL and its safety in patients with MASLD associated with T2DM and/or hyperlipidemia and/or obesity by assessing various outcome measures. TRIAL REGISTRATION European Union Clinical Trials Register, EudraCT, 2021-006069-39. Registered on March 13, 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norbert Stefan
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Marek Hartleb
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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50
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Yan L, Hu X, Wu S, Cui C, Zhao S. Association between the cardiometabolic index and NAFLD and fibrosis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13194. [PMID: 38851771 PMCID: PMC11162484 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64034-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Composed of obesity and lipid parameters, the cardiometabolic index (CMI) has emerged as a novel diagnostic tool. Originally developed for diabetes diagnosis, its application has expanded to identifying patients with cardiovascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis and hypertension. However, the relationship between CMI and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and liver fibrosis in the US population remains unclear. This cross-sectional study analyzed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) spanning 2017-2020, involving 2996 participants aged 20 years or older. Vibration controlled transient elastography using a FibroScan® system (model 502, V2 Touch) with controlled attenuation parameter measurements identified NAFLD at a threshold of ≥ 274 dB/m, while liver stiffness measurement (LSM) results (median, ≥ 8.2 kPa) indicated fibrosis. A multifactorial logistic regression model explored the relationship between CMI and NAFLD and fibrosis. The effectiveness of CMI in detecting NAFLD and liver fibrosis was assessed through receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Controlling for potential confounders, CMI showed a significant positive association with NAFLD (adjusted OR = 1.44, 95% CI 1.44-1.45) and liver fibrosis (adjusted OR = 1.84, 95% CI 1.84-1.85). The Areas Under the Curve for predicting NAFLD and fibrosis were 0.762 (95% CI 0.745 ~ 0.779) and 0.664(95% CI 0.633 ~ 0.696), respectively, with optimal cut-off values of 0.462 and 0.527. There is a positive correlation between CMI and NAFLD and fibrosis, which is a suitable and simple predictor of NAFLD and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laisha Yan
- Department of Cardio Surgery Intensive Care Unit, Ningbo Medical Centre Li Huili Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Xiaoyan Hu
- Department of Cardio Surgery Intensive Care Unit, Ningbo Medical Centre Li Huili Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Shanshan Wu
- Department of Cardio Surgery Intensive Care Unit, Ningbo Medical Centre Li Huili Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Can Cui
- Department of Cardio Surgery Intensive Care Unit, Ningbo Medical Centre Li Huili Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Shunying Zhao
- Department of Cardio Surgery Intensive Care Unit, Ningbo Medical Centre Li Huili Hospital, Ningbo, China.
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