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Rajamani G, Stafki SA, Daugherty AL, Mantyh WG, Littel HR, Bruels CC, Pacak CA, Robbins PD, Niedernhofer LJ, Abiona A, Giunti P, Mohammed S, Laugel V, Kang PB. Cognitive Decline and Other Late-Stage Neurologic Complications in Cockayne Syndrome. Neurol Clin Pract 2024; 14:e200309. [PMID: 38808024 PMCID: PMC11129329 DOI: 10.1212/cpj.0000000000200309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives Cockayne syndrome (CS) is an ultra-rare, autosomal recessive, premature aging disorder characterized by impaired growth, neurodevelopmental delays, neurodegeneration, polyneuropathy, and other multiorgan system complications. The anatomic aspects of CS neurodegeneration have long been known from postmortem examinations and MRI studies, but the clinical features of this neurodegeneration are not well characterized, especially at later stages of the disease. Methods This was a retrospective observational study in which individuals with CS who survived beyond 18 years were ascertained at 3 centers in the United States, France, and the United Kingdom. Medical records were examined to determine the frequencies and features of the following neurologic complications: neurocognitive/neuropsychiatric decline (8 symptoms), tremors, neuropathy, seizures, and strokes. Results Among 18 individuals who met inclusion criteria, all but one (94.4%) experienced at least one symptom of neurocognitive/neuropsychiatric decline, with most individuals experiencing at least half of those symptoms. Most participants experienced tremors and peripheral neuropathy, with a few experiencing seizures and strokes. For individuals with available data, 100.0% were reported to have gait ataxia and neuroimaging showed that 85.7% had generalized cerebral atrophy on MRI while 78.6% had white matter changes. Discussion Symptoms of neurocognitive/neuropsychiatric decline are nearly universal in our cohort of adults with CS, suggesting that these individuals are at risk of developing neurocognitive/neuropsychiatric decline, with symptoms related to but not specific to dementia. Considering the prominent role of DNA repair defects in CS disease mechanisms and emerging evidence for increased DNA damage in neurodegenerative disease, impaired genome maintenance may be a shared pathway underlying multiple forms of neurocognitive/neuropsychiatric decline. Components of the DNA damage response mechanism may bear further study as potential therapeutic targets that could alleviate neurocognitive/neuropsychiatric symptoms in CS and other neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geetanjali Rajamani
- University of Minnesota Medical School (GR); Greg Marzolf Jr. Muscular Dystrophy Center (SAS, ALD, HRL, CCB, CAP, PBK); Department of Neurology (SAS, ALD, WGM, HRL, CCB, CAP, PBK), University of Minnesota Medical School; Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism (PDR, LJN), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Clinical Genetics (AA, PG, SM), Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Department of Pediatric Neurology/Centre d'investigation Clinique (CIC) (VL), Strasbourg University Hospital, France; and Institute for Translational Neuroscience (PBK), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Seth A Stafki
- University of Minnesota Medical School (GR); Greg Marzolf Jr. Muscular Dystrophy Center (SAS, ALD, HRL, CCB, CAP, PBK); Department of Neurology (SAS, ALD, WGM, HRL, CCB, CAP, PBK), University of Minnesota Medical School; Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism (PDR, LJN), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Clinical Genetics (AA, PG, SM), Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Department of Pediatric Neurology/Centre d'investigation Clinique (CIC) (VL), Strasbourg University Hospital, France; and Institute for Translational Neuroscience (PBK), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Audrey L Daugherty
- University of Minnesota Medical School (GR); Greg Marzolf Jr. Muscular Dystrophy Center (SAS, ALD, HRL, CCB, CAP, PBK); Department of Neurology (SAS, ALD, WGM, HRL, CCB, CAP, PBK), University of Minnesota Medical School; Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism (PDR, LJN), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Clinical Genetics (AA, PG, SM), Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Department of Pediatric Neurology/Centre d'investigation Clinique (CIC) (VL), Strasbourg University Hospital, France; and Institute for Translational Neuroscience (PBK), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - William G Mantyh
- University of Minnesota Medical School (GR); Greg Marzolf Jr. Muscular Dystrophy Center (SAS, ALD, HRL, CCB, CAP, PBK); Department of Neurology (SAS, ALD, WGM, HRL, CCB, CAP, PBK), University of Minnesota Medical School; Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism (PDR, LJN), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Clinical Genetics (AA, PG, SM), Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Department of Pediatric Neurology/Centre d'investigation Clinique (CIC) (VL), Strasbourg University Hospital, France; and Institute for Translational Neuroscience (PBK), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Hannah R Littel
- University of Minnesota Medical School (GR); Greg Marzolf Jr. Muscular Dystrophy Center (SAS, ALD, HRL, CCB, CAP, PBK); Department of Neurology (SAS, ALD, WGM, HRL, CCB, CAP, PBK), University of Minnesota Medical School; Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism (PDR, LJN), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Clinical Genetics (AA, PG, SM), Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Department of Pediatric Neurology/Centre d'investigation Clinique (CIC) (VL), Strasbourg University Hospital, France; and Institute for Translational Neuroscience (PBK), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Christine C Bruels
- University of Minnesota Medical School (GR); Greg Marzolf Jr. Muscular Dystrophy Center (SAS, ALD, HRL, CCB, CAP, PBK); Department of Neurology (SAS, ALD, WGM, HRL, CCB, CAP, PBK), University of Minnesota Medical School; Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism (PDR, LJN), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Clinical Genetics (AA, PG, SM), Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Department of Pediatric Neurology/Centre d'investigation Clinique (CIC) (VL), Strasbourg University Hospital, France; and Institute for Translational Neuroscience (PBK), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Christina A Pacak
- University of Minnesota Medical School (GR); Greg Marzolf Jr. Muscular Dystrophy Center (SAS, ALD, HRL, CCB, CAP, PBK); Department of Neurology (SAS, ALD, WGM, HRL, CCB, CAP, PBK), University of Minnesota Medical School; Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism (PDR, LJN), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Clinical Genetics (AA, PG, SM), Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Department of Pediatric Neurology/Centre d'investigation Clinique (CIC) (VL), Strasbourg University Hospital, France; and Institute for Translational Neuroscience (PBK), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Paul D Robbins
- University of Minnesota Medical School (GR); Greg Marzolf Jr. Muscular Dystrophy Center (SAS, ALD, HRL, CCB, CAP, PBK); Department of Neurology (SAS, ALD, WGM, HRL, CCB, CAP, PBK), University of Minnesota Medical School; Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism (PDR, LJN), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Clinical Genetics (AA, PG, SM), Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Department of Pediatric Neurology/Centre d'investigation Clinique (CIC) (VL), Strasbourg University Hospital, France; and Institute for Translational Neuroscience (PBK), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Laura J Niedernhofer
- University of Minnesota Medical School (GR); Greg Marzolf Jr. Muscular Dystrophy Center (SAS, ALD, HRL, CCB, CAP, PBK); Department of Neurology (SAS, ALD, WGM, HRL, CCB, CAP, PBK), University of Minnesota Medical School; Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism (PDR, LJN), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Clinical Genetics (AA, PG, SM), Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Department of Pediatric Neurology/Centre d'investigation Clinique (CIC) (VL), Strasbourg University Hospital, France; and Institute for Translational Neuroscience (PBK), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Adesoji Abiona
- University of Minnesota Medical School (GR); Greg Marzolf Jr. Muscular Dystrophy Center (SAS, ALD, HRL, CCB, CAP, PBK); Department of Neurology (SAS, ALD, WGM, HRL, CCB, CAP, PBK), University of Minnesota Medical School; Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism (PDR, LJN), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Clinical Genetics (AA, PG, SM), Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Department of Pediatric Neurology/Centre d'investigation Clinique (CIC) (VL), Strasbourg University Hospital, France; and Institute for Translational Neuroscience (PBK), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Paola Giunti
- University of Minnesota Medical School (GR); Greg Marzolf Jr. Muscular Dystrophy Center (SAS, ALD, HRL, CCB, CAP, PBK); Department of Neurology (SAS, ALD, WGM, HRL, CCB, CAP, PBK), University of Minnesota Medical School; Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism (PDR, LJN), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Clinical Genetics (AA, PG, SM), Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Department of Pediatric Neurology/Centre d'investigation Clinique (CIC) (VL), Strasbourg University Hospital, France; and Institute for Translational Neuroscience (PBK), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Shehla Mohammed
- University of Minnesota Medical School (GR); Greg Marzolf Jr. Muscular Dystrophy Center (SAS, ALD, HRL, CCB, CAP, PBK); Department of Neurology (SAS, ALD, WGM, HRL, CCB, CAP, PBK), University of Minnesota Medical School; Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism (PDR, LJN), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Clinical Genetics (AA, PG, SM), Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Department of Pediatric Neurology/Centre d'investigation Clinique (CIC) (VL), Strasbourg University Hospital, France; and Institute for Translational Neuroscience (PBK), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Vincent Laugel
- University of Minnesota Medical School (GR); Greg Marzolf Jr. Muscular Dystrophy Center (SAS, ALD, HRL, CCB, CAP, PBK); Department of Neurology (SAS, ALD, WGM, HRL, CCB, CAP, PBK), University of Minnesota Medical School; Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism (PDR, LJN), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Clinical Genetics (AA, PG, SM), Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Department of Pediatric Neurology/Centre d'investigation Clinique (CIC) (VL), Strasbourg University Hospital, France; and Institute for Translational Neuroscience (PBK), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Peter B Kang
- University of Minnesota Medical School (GR); Greg Marzolf Jr. Muscular Dystrophy Center (SAS, ALD, HRL, CCB, CAP, PBK); Department of Neurology (SAS, ALD, WGM, HRL, CCB, CAP, PBK), University of Minnesota Medical School; Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism (PDR, LJN), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Clinical Genetics (AA, PG, SM), Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Department of Pediatric Neurology/Centre d'investigation Clinique (CIC) (VL), Strasbourg University Hospital, France; and Institute for Translational Neuroscience (PBK), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
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Costanzo F, Paccosi E, Proietti-De-Santis L, Egly JM. CS proteins and ubiquitination: orchestrating DNA repair with transcription and cell division. Trends Cell Biol 2024:S0962-8924(24)00116-8. [PMID: 38910038 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2024.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
To face genotoxic stress, eukaryotic cells evolved extremely refined mechanisms. Defects in counteracting the threat imposed by DNA damage underlie the rare disease Cockayne syndrome (CS), which arises from mutations in the CSA and CSB genes. Although initially defined as DNA repair proteins, recent work shows that CSA and CSB act instead as master regulators of the integrated response to genomic stress by coordinating DNA repair with transcription and cell division. CSA and CSB exert this function through the ubiquitination of target proteins, which are effectors/regulators of these processes. This review describes how the ubiquitination of target substrates is a common denominator by which CSA and CSB participate in different aspects of cellular life and how their mutation gives rise to the complex disease CS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Costanzo
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Oncology Research, USI, Bellinzona 6500, Switzerland; Department of Functional Genomics and Cancer, IGBMC, CNRS/INSERM/University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden 67400, Strasbourg, France.
| | - Elena Paccosi
- Unit of Molecular Genetics of Aging, Department of Ecology and Biology, University of Tuscia, Viterbo 01100, Italy
| | - Luca Proietti-De-Santis
- Unit of Molecular Genetics of Aging, Department of Ecology and Biology, University of Tuscia, Viterbo 01100, Italy
| | - Jean Marc Egly
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Oncology Research, USI, Bellinzona 6500, Switzerland; Department of Functional Genomics and Cancer, IGBMC, CNRS/INSERM/University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden 67400, Strasbourg, France; College of Medicine, Centre for Genomics and Precision Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan
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3
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Luo Y, Li J, Li X, Lin H, Mao Z, Xu Z, Li S, Nie C, Zhou XA, Liao J, Xiong Y, Xu X, Wang J. The ARK2N-CK2 complex initiates transcription-coupled repair through enhancing the interaction of CSB with lesion-stalled RNAPII. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2404383121. [PMID: 38843184 PMCID: PMC11181095 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2404383121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Transcription is extremely important for cellular processes but can be hindered by RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) pausing and stalling. Cockayne syndrome protein B (CSB) promotes the progression of paused RNAPII or initiates transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair (TC-NER) to remove stalled RNAPII. However, the specific mechanism by which CSB initiates TC-NER upon damage remains unclear. In this study, we identified the indispensable role of the ARK2N-CK2 complex in the CSB-mediated initiation of TC-NER. The ARK2N-CK2 complex is recruited to damage sites through CSB and then phosphorylates CSB. Phosphorylation of CSB enhances its binding to stalled RNAPII, prolonging the association of CSB with chromatin and promoting CSA-mediated ubiquitination of stalled RNAPII. Consistent with this finding, Ark2n-/- mice exhibit a phenotype resembling Cockayne syndrome. These findings shed light on the pivotal role of the ARK2N-CK2 complex in governing the fate of RNAPII through CSB, bridging a critical gap necessary for initiating TC-NER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yefei Luo
- Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University International Cancer Institute, Institute of Advanced Clinical Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing100191, China
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University International Cancer Institute, Institute of Advanced Clinical Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing100191, China
| | - Xiaoman Li
- Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University International Cancer Institute, Institute of Advanced Clinical Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing100191, China
| | - Haodong Lin
- Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University International Cancer Institute, Institute of Advanced Clinical Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing100191, China
| | - Zuchao Mao
- Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University International Cancer Institute, Institute of Advanced Clinical Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing100191, China
| | - Zhanzhan Xu
- Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University International Cancer Institute, Institute of Advanced Clinical Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing100191, China
| | - Shiwei Li
- Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University International Cancer Institute, Institute of Advanced Clinical Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing100191, China
| | - Chen Nie
- Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University International Cancer Institute, Institute of Advanced Clinical Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing100191, China
| | - Xiao Albert Zhou
- Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University International Cancer Institute, Institute of Advanced Clinical Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing100191, China
| | - Junwei Liao
- Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University International Cancer Institute, Institute of Advanced Clinical Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing100191, China
| | - Yundong Xiong
- Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University International Cancer Institute, Institute of Advanced Clinical Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing100191, China
| | - Xingzhi Xu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability & Disease Prevention and Carson International Cancer Center, Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen518055, China
| | - Jiadong Wang
- Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University International Cancer Institute, Institute of Advanced Clinical Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing100191, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Translational Research, Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing100142, China
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Zulfiqar S, Moawia A, Waseem SS, Ali Z, Ramzan S, Anjum I, Baig SM, Tariq M. Whole exome sequencing identifies a novel variant causing cockayne syndrome type I in a consanguineous Pakistani family. Int J Neurosci 2024; 134:28-33. [PMID: 35645363 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2022.2082967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cockayne syndrome (CS) is a rare neurodegenerative disorder characterized by impaired neurological functions, cachectic dwarfism, microcephaly and photosensitivity. Complementation assays identify two groups of this disorder, CS type I (CSA) and CS type II (CSB), caused by mutations in ERCC8 and ERCC6, respectively. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the genetic basis of a consanguineous Pakistani family with three affected individuals presenting with typical clinical symptoms of CS. METHODS We employed whole exome sequencing of the proband and then Sanger sequenced all the family members to confirm its segregation in the family. Different bioinformatics tools were used to predict pathogenicity of this variant. RESULTS Variants were filtered according to the pedigree structure. We identified a novel homozygous variant (c.202A>T; p.Ile68Phe) in ERCC8 gene in the proband. The variant was found to segregate in the family. CONCLUSIONS These findings add to the genetic heterogeneity of ERCC8 and expands the mutation spectrum. Also, identification of this variant can facilitate prenatal diagnosis/genetic counselling set ups in Pakistan where this disease largely remains undiagnosed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumaila Zulfiqar
- Department of Biotechnology, Kinnaird College for Women, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Abubakar Moawia
- Institute of Human Genetics, Ulm University and Ulm University Medical Centre, Ulm, Germany
| | - Syeda Seema Waseem
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Zafar Ali
- Centre for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Swat, Swat, Pakistan
| | - Shafaq Ramzan
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College (NIBGE-C), Faisalabad, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Iram Anjum
- Department of Biotechnology, Kinnaird College for Women, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Mahmood Baig
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College (NIBGE-C), Faisalabad, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Islamabad, Pakistan
- Pakistan Science Foundation, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Tariq
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College (NIBGE-C), Faisalabad, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Islamabad, Pakistan
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Sartorelli J, Travaglini L, Macchiaiolo M, Garone G, Gonfiantini MV, Vecchio D, Sinibaldi L, Frascarelli F, Ceccatelli V, Petrillo S, Piemonte F, Piccolo G, Novelli A, Longo D, Pro S, D’Amico A, Bertini ES, Nicita F. Spectrum of ERCC6-Related Cockayne Syndrome (Type B): From Mild to Severe Forms. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:508. [PMID: 38674442 PMCID: PMC11050085 DOI: 10.3390/genes15040508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Cockayne syndrome (CS) is an ultra-rare multisystem disorder, classically subdivided into three forms and characterized by a clinical spectrum without a clear genotype-phenotype correlation for both the two causative genes ERCC6 (CS type B) and ERCC8 (CS type A). We assessed this, presenting a series of patients with genetically confirmed CSB. (2) Materials and Methods: We retrospectively collected demographic, clinical, genetic, neuroimaging, and serum neurofilament light-chain (sNFL) data about CSB patients; diagnostic and severity scores were also determined. (3) Results: Data of eight ERCC6/CSB patients are presented. Four patients had CS I, three patients CS II, and one patient CS III. Various degrees of ataxia and spasticity were cardinal neurologic features, with variably combined systemic characteristics. Mean age at diagnosis was lower in the type II form, in which classic CS signs were more evident. Interestingly, sNFL determination appeared to reflect clinical classification. Two novel premature stop codon and one novel missense variants were identified. All CS I subjects harbored the p.Arg735Ter variant; the milder CS III subject carried the p.Leu764Ser missense change. (4) Conclusion: Our work confirms clinical variability also in the ERCC6/CSB type, where manifestations may range from severe involvement with prenatal or neonatal onset to normal psychomotor development followed by progressive ataxia. We propose, for the first time in CS, sNFL as a useful peripheral biomarker, with increased levels compared to currently available reference values and with the potential ability to reflect disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Sartorelli
- Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disease, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, P.zza Sant’Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Lorena Travaglini
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Translational Cytogenomics Research Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, P.zza Sant’Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Marina Macchiaiolo
- Rare Diseases and Medical Genetics Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Giacomo Garone
- Neurology, Epilepsy and Movement Disorder Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, P.zza Sant’Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Davide Vecchio
- Rare Diseases and Medical Genetics Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Sinibaldi
- Rare Diseases and Medical Genetics Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Flaminia Frascarelli
- Rehabilitation Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, P.zza Sant’Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Viola Ceccatelli
- Rehabilitation Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, P.zza Sant’Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Petrillo
- Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disease, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, P.zza Sant’Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Fiorella Piemonte
- Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disease, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, P.zza Sant’Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Piccolo
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Translational Cytogenomics Research Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, P.zza Sant’Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Novelli
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Translational Cytogenomics Research Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, P.zza Sant’Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Longo
- Neuroradiology Unit, Imaging Department, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, P.zza Sant’Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Pro
- Developmental Neurology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, P.zza Sant’Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Adele D’Amico
- Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disease, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, P.zza Sant’Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Silvio Bertini
- Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disease, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, P.zza Sant’Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Nicita
- Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disease, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, P.zza Sant’Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy
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Zayoud K, Chikhaoui A, Kraoua I, Tebourbi A, Najjar D, Ayari S, Safra I, Kraiem I, Turki I, Menif S, Yacoub-Youssef H. Immunity in the Progeroid Model of Cockayne Syndrome: Biomarkers of Pathological Aging. Cells 2024; 13:402. [PMID: 38474366 DOI: 10.3390/cells13050402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Cockayne syndrome (CS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder that affects the DNA repair process. It is a progeroid syndrome predisposing patients to accelerated aging and to increased susceptibility to respiratory infections. Here, we studied the immune status of CS patients to determine potential biomarkers associated with pathological aging. CS patients, as well as elderly and young, healthy donors, were enrolled in this study. Complete blood counts for patients and donors were assessed, immune cell subsets were analyzed using flow cytometry, and candidate cytokines were analyzed via multi-analyte ELISArray kits. In CS patients, we noticed a high percentage of lymphocytes, an increased rate of intermediate and non-classical monocytes, and a high level of pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-8. In addition, we identified an increased rate of particular subtypes of T Lymphocyte CD8+ CD28- CD27-, which are senescent T cells. Thus, an inflammatory state was found in CS patients that is similar to that observed in the elderly donors and is associated with an immunosenescence status in both groups. This could explain the CS patients' increased susceptibility to infections, which is partly due to an aging-associated inflammation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khouloud Zayoud
- Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics (LR16IPT05), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, El Manar I, Tunis 1002, Tunisia
- Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, Bizerte 7021, Tunisia
| | - Asma Chikhaoui
- Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics (LR16IPT05), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, El Manar I, Tunis 1002, Tunisia
| | - Ichraf Kraoua
- Department of Neuropediatrics, National Institute of Neurology Mongi Ben Hamida, Tunis 1007, Tunisia
| | - Anis Tebourbi
- Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery Department, Mongi Slim Hospital, La Marsa 2070, Tunisia
| | - Dorra Najjar
- Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics (LR16IPT05), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, El Manar I, Tunis 1002, Tunisia
| | - Saker Ayari
- Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery Department, Mongi Slim Hospital, La Marsa 2070, Tunisia
| | - Ines Safra
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Hematology (LR16IPT07), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, El Manar I, Tunis 1002, Tunisia
| | - Imen Kraiem
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Hematology (LR16IPT07), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, El Manar I, Tunis 1002, Tunisia
| | - Ilhem Turki
- Department of Neuropediatrics, National Institute of Neurology Mongi Ben Hamida, Tunis 1007, Tunisia
| | - Samia Menif
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Hematology (LR16IPT07), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, El Manar I, Tunis 1002, Tunisia
| | - Houda Yacoub-Youssef
- Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics (LR16IPT05), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, El Manar I, Tunis 1002, Tunisia
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7
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Zhou D, Yu Q, Janssens RC, Marteijn JA. Live-cell imaging of endogenous CSB-mScarletI as a sensitive marker for DNA-damage-induced transcription stress. CELL REPORTS METHODS 2024; 4:100674. [PMID: 38176411 PMCID: PMC10831951 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2023.100674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Transcription by RNA polymerase II (RNA Pol II) is crucial for cellular function, but DNA damage severely impedes this process. Thus far, transcription-blocking DNA lesions (TBLs) and their repair have been difficult to quantify in living cells. To overcome this, we generated, using CRISPR-Cas9-mediated gene editing, mScarletI-tagged Cockayne syndrome group B protein (CSB) and UV-stimulated scaffold protein A (UVSSA) knockin cells. These cells allowed us to study the binding dynamics of CSB and UVSSA to lesion-stalled RNA Pol II using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP). We show that especially CSB mobility is a sensitive transcription stress marker at physiologically relevant DNA damage levels. Transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair (TC-NER)-mediated repair can be assessed by studying CSB immobilization over time. Additionally, flow cytometry reveals the regulation of CSB protein levels by CRL4CSA-mediated ubiquitylation and deubiquitylation by USP7. This approach allows the sensitive detection of TBLs and their repair and the study of TC-NER complex assembly and stability in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhou
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Oncode Institute, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Qing Yu
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Oncode Institute, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Roel C Janssens
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Oncode Institute, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jurgen A Marteijn
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Oncode Institute, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
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8
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Levey DF, Galimberti M, Deak JD, Wendt FR, Bhattacharya A, Koller D, Harrington KM, Quaden R, Johnson EC, Gupta P, Biradar M, Lam M, Cooke M, Rajagopal VM, Empke SLL, Zhou H, Nunez YZ, Kranzler HR, Edenberg HJ, Agrawal A, Smoller JW, Lencz T, Hougaard DM, Børglum AD, Demontis D, Gaziano JM, Gandal MJ, Polimanti R, Stein MB, Gelernter J. Multi-ancestry genome-wide association study of cannabis use disorder yields insight into disease biology and public health implications. Nat Genet 2023; 55:2094-2103. [PMID: 37985822 PMCID: PMC10703690 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-023-01563-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
As recreational use of cannabis is being decriminalized in many places and medical use widely sanctioned, there are growing concerns about increases in cannabis use disorder (CanUD), which is associated with numerous medical comorbidities. Here we performed a genome-wide association study of CanUD in the Million Veteran Program (MVP), followed by meta-analysis in 1,054,365 individuals (ncases = 64,314) from four broad ancestries designated by the reference panel used for assignment (European n = 886,025, African n = 123,208, admixed American n = 38,289 and East Asian n = 6,843). Population-specific methods were applied to calculate single nucleotide polymorphism-based heritability within each ancestry. Statistically significant single nucleotide polymorphism-based heritability for CanUD was observed in all but the smallest population (East Asian). We discovered genome-wide significant loci unique to each ancestry: 22 in European, 2 each in African and East Asian, and 1 in admixed American ancestries. A genetically informed causal relationship analysis indicated a possible effect of genetic liability for CanUD on lung cancer risk, suggesting potential unanticipated future medical and psychiatric public health consequences that require further study to disentangle from other known risk factors such as cigarette smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel F Levey
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare Center, West Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Marco Galimberti
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare Center, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Joseph D Deak
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare Center, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Frank R Wendt
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare Center, West Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
- Biostatistics Division, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Arjun Bhattacharya
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dora Koller
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare Center, West Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Kelly M Harrington
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rachel Quaden
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emma C Johnson
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Priya Gupta
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare Center, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mahantesh Biradar
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
| | - Max Lam
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Molecular Medicine, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Megan Cooke
- Center for Addiction Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Veera M Rajagopal
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Stefany L L Empke
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare Center, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Hang Zhou
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare Center, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yaira Z Nunez
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare Center, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Henry R Kranzler
- Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Crescenz VAMC and Center for Studies of Addiction, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Howard J Edenberg
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Arpana Agrawal
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jordan W Smoller
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Precision Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Todd Lencz
- Department of Psychiatry and Molecular Medicine, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - David M Hougaard
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Center for Neonatal Screening, Department for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders D Børglum
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ditte Demontis
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Aarhus, Denmark
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Genomic Mechanisms of Disease, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - J Michael Gaziano
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Million Veteran Program Coordinating Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Aging, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael J Gandal
- Departments of Psychiatry and Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- The Lifespan Brain Institute, Penn Medicine and the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Renato Polimanti
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare Center, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Murray B Stein
- Psychiatry Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Joel Gelernter
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare Center, West Haven, CT, USA.
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9
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Wang X, Li Y, Zhao A, Wang Y, Cao Q, Pan C, Li M. Next-generation sequencing through multi-gene panel testing for the diagnosis of a Chinese patient with atypical Cockayne syndrome. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2023; 11:e2254. [PMID: 37592445 PMCID: PMC10655510 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.2254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cockayne syndrome (CS, OMIM #133540, #216400) is a rare autosomal recessive disease involving multiple systems, typically characterized by microcephaly, premature aging, growth retardation, neurosensory abnormalities, and photosensitivity. The age of onset is related to the severity of the clinical phenotype, which may lead to fatal outcomes. METHODS We report a 3-year-old girl who presented with photosensitivity, gait abnormalities, stunting, and microcephaly and showed atypical clinical classification due to mild clinical manifestations at an early onset age. RESULTS Next-generation sequencing reveals the frameshift mutation (c.394_398del, p.Leu132Asnfs*6) and a novel microdeletion of ERCC8 (exon4del, p.Arg92fs). CONCLUSION Therefore, it is still necessary to carry out next-generation sequencing for CS patients with atypical clinical manifestations, which is essential for diagnosis and accurate genetic counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Xinhua HospitalShanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Department of DermatologyChildren's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical CenterShanghaiChina
| | - Yue Li
- Department of DermatologyHuashan Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Anqi Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Xinhua HospitalShanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Department of DermatologyChildren's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical CenterShanghaiChina
| | - Yumeng Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Xinhua HospitalShanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Department of DermatologyChildren's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical CenterShanghaiChina
| | - Qiaoyu Cao
- Department of DermatologyChildren's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical CenterShanghaiChina
| | - Chaolan Pan
- Department of Dermatology, Xinhua HospitalShanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Department of DermatologyChildren's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical CenterShanghaiChina
| | - Ming Li
- Department of DermatologyChildren's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical CenterShanghaiChina
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10
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Crochemore C, Chica C, Garagnani P, Lattanzi G, Horvath S, Sarasin A, Franceschi C, Bacalini MG, Ricchetti M. Epigenomic signature of accelerated ageing in progeroid Cockayne syndrome. Aging Cell 2023; 22:e13959. [PMID: 37688320 PMCID: PMC10577576 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cockayne syndrome (CS) and UV-sensitive syndrome (UVSS) are rare genetic disorders caused by mutation of the DNA repair and multifunctional CSA or CSB protein, but only CS patients display a progeroid and neurodegenerative phenotype, providing a unique conceptual and experimental paradigm. As DNA methylation (DNAm) remodelling is a major ageing marker, we performed genome-wide analysis of DNAm of fibroblasts from healthy, UVSS and CS individuals. Differential analysis highlighted a CS-specific epigenomic signature (progeroid-related; not present in UVSS) enriched in three categories: developmental transcription factors, ion/neurotransmitter membrane transporters and synaptic neuro-developmental genes. A large fraction of CS-specific DNAm changes were associated with expression changes in CS samples, including in previously reported post-mortem cerebella. The progeroid phenotype of CS was further supported by epigenomic hallmarks of ageing: the prediction of DNAm of repetitive elements suggested an hypomethylation of Alu sequences in CS, and the epigenetic clock returned a marked increase in CS biological age respect to healthy and UVSS cells. The epigenomic remodelling of accelerated ageing in CS displayed both commonalities and differences with other progeroid diseases and regular ageing. CS shared DNAm changes with normal ageing more than other progeroid diseases do, and included genes functionally validated for regular ageing. Collectively, our results support the existence of an epigenomic basis of accelerated ageing in CS and unveil new genes and pathways that are potentially associated with the progeroid/degenerative phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Crochemore
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Molecular Mechanisms of Pathological and Physiological Ageing Unit, UMR3738 CNRSParisFrance
- Institut Pasteur, Team Stability of Nuclear and Mitochondrial DNA, Stem Cells and Development, UMR3738 CNRSParisFrance
- Sup'BiotechVillejuifFrance
| | - Claudia Chica
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Bioinformatics and Biostatistics HubParisFrance
| | - Paolo Garagnani
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero‐Universitaria di BolognaBolognaItaly
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC)University of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Giovanna Lattanzi
- CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics “Luigi Luca Cavalli‐Sforza”, Unit of BolognaBolognaItaly
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico RizzoliBolognaItaly
| | - Steve Horvath
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesUSA
- Department of Biostatistics Fielding School of Public HealthUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesUSA
| | - Alain Sarasin
- Laboratory of Genetic Stability and Oncogenesis, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave RoussyUniversity Paris‐SudVillejuifFrance
| | - Claudio Franceschi
- Institute of Information Technologies, Mathematics and MechanicsLobachevsky UniversityNizhniy NovgorodRussia
| | | | - Miria Ricchetti
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Molecular Mechanisms of Pathological and Physiological Ageing Unit, UMR3738 CNRSParisFrance
- Institut Pasteur, Team Stability of Nuclear and Mitochondrial DNA, Stem Cells and Development, UMR3738 CNRSParisFrance
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11
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Cheng H, Chen D, Wu Z, Wang N. Atypical features in two adult patients with Cockayne syndrome and analysis of genotype-phenotype correlation. Chin Med J (Engl) 2023; 136:2110-2112. [PMID: 37106549 PMCID: PMC10476805 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Haoling Cheng
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, China
| | - Dianfu Chen
- Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China
| | - Zhiying Wu
- Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, China
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12
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Takahashi N, Mishima T, Fujioka S, Izumi K, Ando M, Higuchi Y, Takashima H, Tsuboi Y. Siblings with Cockayne Syndrome B Type III Presenting with Slowly Progressive Cerebellar Ataxia. Intern Med 2023; 62:2253-2259. [PMID: 37532514 PMCID: PMC10465293 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.0061-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Two patients, 48- and 50-year-old sisters, presented with a characteristic facial appearance with slowly progressive deafness and cerebellar ataxia starting in their 30s. Genetic testing identified compound heterozygous pathogenic variants in the ERCC6 gene: c.1583G>A (p.G528E) and c.1873T>G (p.Y625D). A diagnosis of Cockayne syndrome (CS) B type III was made. CS is usually diagnosed in childhood with well-defined facial characteristics and photosensitivity. This case report describes rare cases of adulthood CS with a primary presentation of slowly progressing deafness and cerebellar ataxia. CS should be considered in adults with characteristic facial and skin findings, deafness, and cerebellar ataxia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Takayasu Mishima
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Fujioka
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Japan
| | | | - Masahiro Ando
- Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Japan
| | - Yujiro Higuchi
- Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takashima
- Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Japan
| | - Yoshio Tsuboi
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Japan
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13
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Stafki SA, Turner J, Littel HR, Bruels CC, Truong D, Knirsch U, Stettner GM, Graf U, Berger W, Kinali M, Jungbluth H, Pacak CA, Hughes J, Mirchi A, Derksen A, Vincent-Delorme C, Theil AF, Bernard G, Ellis D, Fassihi H, Lehmann AR, Laugel V, Mohammed S, Kang PB. The Spectrum of MORC2-Related Disorders: A Potential Link to Cockayne Syndrome. Pediatr Neurol 2023; 141:79-86. [PMID: 36791574 PMCID: PMC10098370 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2023.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cockayne syndrome (CS) is a DNA repair disorder primarily associated with pathogenic variants in ERCC6 and ERCC8. As in other Mendelian disorders, there are a number of genetically unsolved CS cases. METHODS We ascertained five individuals with monoallelic pathogenic variants in MORC2, previously associated with three dominantly inherited phenotypes: an axonal form of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2Z; a syndrome of developmental delay, impaired growth, dysmorphic facies, and axonal neuropathy; and a rare form of spinal muscular atrophy. RESULTS One of these individuals bore a strong phenotypic resemblance to CS. We then identified monoallelic pathogenic MORC2 variants in three of five genetically unsolved individuals with a clinical diagnosis of CS. In total, we identified eight individuals with MORC2-related disorder, four of whom had clinical features strongly suggestive of CS. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that some forms of MORC2-related disorder have phenotypic similarities to CS, including features of accelerated aging. Unlike classic DNA repair disorders, MORC2-related disorder does not appear to be associated with a defect in transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair and follows a dominant pattern of inheritance with variants typically arising de novo. Such de novo pathogenic variants present particular challenges with regard to both initial gene discovery and diagnostic evaluations. MORC2 should be included in diagnostic genetic test panels targeting the evaluation of microcephaly and/or suspected DNA repair disorders. Future studies of MORC2 and its protein product, coupled with further phenotypic characterization, will help to optimize the diagnosis, understanding, and therapy of the associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth A Stafki
- Department of Neurology and Paul and Sheila Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Center, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Johnnie Turner
- Department of Neurology and Paul and Sheila Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Center, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Hannah R Littel
- Department of Neurology and Paul and Sheila Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Center, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Christine C Bruels
- Department of Neurology and Paul and Sheila Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Center, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Don Truong
- Department of Neurology and Paul and Sheila Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Center, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Ursula Knirsch
- Neuromuscular Center Zürich and Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Children's Hospital Zürich, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Georg M Stettner
- Neuromuscular Center Zürich and Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Children's Hospital Zürich, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Urs Graf
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics (IMMG), University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Berger
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics (IMMG), University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Center Zurich (NCZ), University and ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland; Zürich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Maria Kinali
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London and Portland Hospital HCA International, London, United Kingdom
| | - Heinz Jungbluth
- Evelina Children's Hospital and King's College London, University of Manchester, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christina A Pacak
- Department of Neurology and Paul and Sheila Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Center, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Jayne Hughes
- Amy and Friends Cockayne Syndrome/Trichothiodystrophy Support, Wirral, United Kingdom
| | - Amytice Mirchi
- Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery and Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Child Health and Human Development Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada
| | - Alexa Derksen
- Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery and Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Child Health and Human Development Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Arjan F Theil
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Geneviève Bernard
- Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery and Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Child Health and Human Development Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada; Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Division of Medical Genetics, Department Specialized Medicine, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada
| | - David Ellis
- South East Genomics Laboratory Hub, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hiva Fassihi
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Rare Disease Centre, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alan R Lehmann
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Vincent Laugel
- Service de Pédiatrie 1, Hôpital de Hautepierre, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Laboratoire de Génétique médicale, INSERM U1112, Institut de génétique médicale d'Alsace, Faculté de Médecine de Strasbourg, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Shehla Mohammed
- South East Thames Regional Genetics Service and Rare Diseases Centre Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter B Kang
- Department of Neurology and Paul and Sheila Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Center, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
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14
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Garaycoechea JI, Quinlan C, Luijsterburg MS. Pathological consequences of DNA damage in the kidney. Nat Rev Nephrol 2023; 19:229-243. [PMID: 36702905 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-022-00671-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
DNA lesions that evade repair can lead to mutations that drive the development of cancer, and cellular responses to DNA damage can trigger senescence and cell death, which are associated with ageing. In the kidney, DNA damage has been implicated in both acute and chronic kidney injury, and in renal cell carcinoma. The susceptibility of the kidney to chemotherapeutic agents that damage DNA is well established, but an unexpected link between kidney ciliopathies and the DNA damage response has also been reported. In addition, human genetic deficiencies in DNA repair have highlighted DNA crosslinks, DNA breaks and transcription-blocking damage as lesions that are particularly toxic to the kidney. Genetic tools in mice, as well as advances in kidney organoid and single-cell RNA sequencing technologies, have provided important insights into how specific kidney cell types respond to DNA damage. The emerging view is that in the kidney, DNA damage affects the local microenvironment by triggering a damage response and cell proliferation to replenish injured cells, as well as inducing systemic responses aimed at reducing exposure to genotoxic stress. The pathological consequences of DNA damage are therefore key to the nephrotoxicity of DNA-damaging agents and the kidney phenotypes observed in human DNA repair-deficiency disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan I Garaycoechea
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Catherine Quinlan
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Nephrology, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Kidney Regeneration, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Martijn S Luijsterburg
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Mistry H, Gupta GD. Transcription coupled DNA repair protein UVSSA binds to DNA and RNA: Mapping of nucleic acid interaction sites on human UVSSA. Arch Biochem Biophys 2023; 735:109515. [PMID: 36623745 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2023.109515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Transcription-coupled repair (TCR) is a dedicated pathway for the preferential repair of bulky transcription-blocking DNA lesions. These lesions stall the elongating RNA-polymerase II (RNAPII) triggering the recruitment of TCR proteins at the damaged site. UV-stimulated scaffold protein A (UVSSA) is a recently identified cofactor which is involved in stabilization of the TCR complex, recruitment of DNA-repair machinery and removal/restoration of RNAPII from the lesion site. Mutations in UVSSA render the cells TCR-deficient and have been linked to UV-sensitive syndrome. Human UVSSA is a 709-residue long protein with two short conserved domains; an N-terminal (residues 1-150) and a C-terminal (residues 495-605) domain, while the rest of the protein is predicted to be intrinsically disordered. The protein is well conserved in eukaryotes, however; none of its homologs have been characterized yet. Here, we have purified the recombinant human UVSSA and have characterized it using bioinformatics, biophysical and biochemical techniques. Using EMSA, SPR and fluorescence-based methods, we have shown that human UVSSA interacts with DNA and RNA. Furthermore, we have mapped the nucleic acid binding regions using several recombinant protein fragments containing either the N-terminal or the C-terminal domains. Our data indicate that UVSSA possesses at least two nucleic acid binding regions; the N-terminal domain and a C-terminal tail region (residues 606-662). These regions, far apart in sequence space, are predicted to be in close proximity in structure-space suggesting a coherent interaction with target DNA/RNA. The study may provide functional clues about the novel family of UVSSA proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiral Mistry
- Radiation Biology & Health Science Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, India
| | - Gagan Deep Gupta
- Radiation Biology & Health Science Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, India.
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16
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Liang F, Li B, Xu Y, Gong J, Zheng S, Zhang Y, Wang Y. Identification and characterization of Necdin as a target for the Cockayne syndrome B protein in promoting neuronal differentiation and maintenance. Pharmacol Res 2023; 187:106637. [PMID: 36586641 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Cockayne syndrome (CS) is a devastating autosomal recessive genetic disorder, mainly characterized by photosensitivity, growth failure, neurological abnormalities, and premature aging. Mutations in CSB (ERCC6) are associated with almost all clinical phenotypes resembling classic CS. Using RNA-seq approach in multiple cell types, we identified Necdin (NDN) as a target of the CSB protein. Supportive of the RNA-seq results, CSB directly binds to NDN and manipulates the remodeling of active histone marks and DNA 5mC methylation on the regulatory elements of the NDN gene. Intriguingly, hyperactivation of NDN due to CSB deficiency does not interfere with nucleotide excision repair (1), but greatly affects neuronal cell differentiation. Inhibition of NDN can partially rescue the motor neuron defects in CSB mouse models. In addition to shedding light on cellular mechanisms underlying CS and pointing to future avenues for intervention, these data substantiate a reciprocal communication between CSB and NDN in the context of general transcription regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangkeng Liang
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bijuan Li
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingying Xu
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junwei Gong
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaohui Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunlong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuming Wang
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Nikfar A, Mansouri M, Chiti H, Abhari GF, Parsamanesh N. Cockayne syndrome in an Iranian pedigree with a homozygous missense variant in the ERCC6 gene. GENE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2022.101665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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18
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Integrative QTL mapping and selection signatures in Groningen White Headed cattle inferred from whole-genome sequences. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0276309. [PMID: 36288367 PMCID: PMC9605288 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we aimed to identify and characterize genomic regions that differ between Groningen White Headed (GWH) breed and other cattle, and in particular to identify candidate genes associated with coat color and/or eye-protective phenotypes. Firstly, whole genome sequences of 170 animals from eight breeds were used to evaluate the genetic structure of the GWH in relation to other cattle breeds by carrying out principal components and model-based clustering analyses. Secondly, the candidate genomic regions were identified by integrating the findings from: a) a genome-wide association study using GWH, other white headed breeds (Hereford and Simmental), and breeds with a non-white headed phenotype (Dutch Friesian, Deep Red, Meuse-Rhine-Yssel, Dutch Belted, and Holstein Friesian); b) scans for specific signatures of selection in GWH cattle by comparison with four other Dutch traditional breeds (Dutch Friesian, Deep Red, Meuse-Rhine-Yssel and Dutch Belted) and the commercial Holstein Friesian; and c) detection of candidate genes identified via these approaches. The alignment of the filtered reads to the reference genome (ARS-UCD1.2) resulted in a mean depth of coverage of 8.7X. After variant calling, the lowest number of breed-specific variants was detected in Holstein Friesian (148,213), and the largest in Deep Red (558,909). By integrating the results, we identified five genomic regions under selection on BTA4 (70.2-71.3 Mb), BTA5 (10.0-19.7 Mb), BTA20 (10.0-19.9 and 20.0-22.7 Mb), and BTA25 (0.5-9.2 Mb). These regions contain positional and functional candidate genes associated with retinal degeneration (e.g., CWC27 and CLUAP1), ultraviolet protection (e.g., ERCC8), and pigmentation (e.g. PDE4D) which are probably associated with the GWH specific pigmentation and/or eye-protective phenotypes, e.g. Ambilateral Circumocular Pigmentation (ACOP). Our results will assist in characterizing the molecular basis of GWH phenotypes and the biological implications of its adaptation.
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19
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Role of Cockayne Syndrome Group B Protein in Replication Stress: Implications for Cancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810212. [PMID: 36142121 PMCID: PMC9499456 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
A variety of endogenous and exogenous insults are capable of impeding replication fork progression, leading to replication stress. Several SNF2 fork remodelers have been shown to play critical roles in resolving this replication stress, utilizing different pathways dependent upon the nature of the DNA lesion, location on the DNA, and the stage of the cell cycle, to complete DNA replication in a manner preserving genetic integrity. Under certain conditions, however, the attempted repair may lead to additional genetic instability. Cockayne syndrome group B (CSB) protein, a SNF2 chromatin remodeler best known for its role in transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair, has recently been shown to catalyze fork reversal, a pathway that can provide stability of stalled forks and allow resumption of DNA synthesis without chromosome breakage. Prolonged stalling of replication forks may collapse to give rise to DNA double-strand breaks, which are preferentially repaired by homology-directed recombination. CSB plays a role in repairing collapsed forks by promoting break-induced replication in S phase and early mitosis. In this review, we discuss roles of CSB in regulating the sources of replication stress, replication stress response, as well as the implications of CSB for cancer therapy.
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20
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Temaj G, Saha S, Dragusha S, Ejupi V, Buttari B, Profumo E, Beqa L, Saso L. Ribosomopathies and cancer: pharmacological implications. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2022; 15:729-746. [PMID: 35787725 DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2022.2098110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The ribosome is a ribonucleoprotein organelle responsible for protein synthesis, and its biogenesis is a highly coordinated process that involves many macromolecular components. Any acquired or inherited impairment in ribosome biogenesis or ribosomopathies is associated with the development of different cancers and rare genetic diseases. Interference with multiple steps of protein synthesis has been shown to promote tumor cell death. AREAS COVERED We discuss the current insights about impaired ribosome biogenesis and their secondary consequences on protein synthesis, transcriptional and translational responses, proteotoxic stress, and other metabolic pathways associated with cancer and rare diseases. Studies investigating the modulation of different therapeutic chemical entities targeting cancer in in vitro and in vivo models have also been detailed. EXPERT OPINION Despite the association between inherited mutations affecting ribosome biogenesis and cancer biology, the development of therapeutics targeting the essential cellular machinery has only started to emerge. New chemical entities should be designed to modulate different checkpoints (translating oncoproteins, dysregulation of specific ribosome-assembly machinery, ribosomal stress, and rewiring ribosomal functions). Although safe and effective therapies are lacking, consideration should also be given to using existing drugs alone or in combination for long-term safety, with known risks for feasibility in clinical trials and synergistic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarmistha Saha
- Department of Cardiovascular, Endocrine-metabolic Diseases, and Aging, Italian National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Valon Ejupi
- College UBT, Faculty of Pharmacy, Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Brigitta Buttari
- Department of Cardiovascular, Endocrine-metabolic Diseases, and Aging, Italian National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Profumo
- Department of Cardiovascular, Endocrine-metabolic Diseases, and Aging, Italian National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Lule Beqa
- College UBT, Faculty of Pharmacy, Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
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Duong NT, Dinh TH, Möhl BS, Hintze S, Quynh DH, Ha DTT, Ngoc ND, Dung VC, Miyake N, Hai NV, Matsumoto N, Meinke P. Cockayne syndrome without UV-sensitivity in Vietnamese siblings with novel ERCC8 variants. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:5299-5310. [PMID: 35748794 PMCID: PMC9320540 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cockayne syndrome (CS) is a rare progeroid disorder characterized by growth failure, microcephaly, photosensitivity, and premature aging, mainly arising from biallelic ERCC8 (CS-A) or ERCC6 (CS-B) variants. In this study we describe siblings suffering from classical Cockayne syndrome but without photosensitivity, which delayed a clinical diagnosis for 16 years. By whole-exome sequencing we identified the two novel compound heterozygous ERCC8 variants c.370_371del (p.L124Efs*15) and c.484G>C (p.G162R). The causality of the ERCC8 variants, of which one results in a frameshift and the other affects the WD3 domain, was tested and confirmed by a rescue experiment investigating DNA repair in H2O2 treated patient fibroblasts. Structural modeling of the p.G162R variant indicates effects on protein-protein interaction. This case shows the importance to test for ERCC6 and ERCC8 variants even if patients do not present with a complete CS phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Thuy Duong
- Institute of Genome Research, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Tran Huu Dinh
- Institute of Genome Research, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Britta S Möhl
- Institute of Virology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich/Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Hintze
- Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Department of Neurology, LMU Klinikum, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Do Hai Quynh
- Institute of Genome Research, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Duong Thi Thu Ha
- Institute of Genome Research, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Ngo Diem Ngoc
- Vietnam National Children's Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Vu Chi Dung
- Vietnam National Children's Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Noriko Miyake
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan.,Department of Human Genetics, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nong Van Hai
- Institute of Genome Research, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Naomichi Matsumoto
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Peter Meinke
- Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Department of Neurology, LMU Klinikum, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
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22
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Cui S, Walker JR, Batenburg NL, Zhu XD. Cockayne syndrome group B protein uses its DNA translocase activity to promote mitotic DNA synthesis. DNA Repair (Amst) 2022; 116:103354. [PMID: 35738143 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2022.103354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Mitotic DNA synthesis, also known as MiDAS, has been suggested to be a form of RAD52-dependent break-induced replication (BIR) that repairs under-replicated DNA regions of the genome in mitosis prior to chromosome segregation. Cockayne syndrome group B (CSB) protein, a chromatin remodeler of the SNF2 family, has been implicated in RAD52-dependent BIR repair of stalled replication forks. However, whether CSB plays a role in MiDAS has not been characterized. Here, we report that CSB functions epistatically with RAD52 to promote MiDAS at common fragile sites in response to replication stress, and prevents genomic instability associated with defects in MiDAS. We show that CSB is dependent upon the conserved phenylalanine at position 796 (F796), which lies in the recently-reported pulling pin that is required for CSB's translocase activity, to mediate MiDAS, suggesting that CSB uses its DNA translocase activity to promote MiDAS. Structural analysis reveals that CSB shares with a subset of SNF2 family proteins a translocase regulatory region (TRR), which is important for CSB's function in MiDAS. We further demonstrate that phosphorylation of S1013 in the TRR regulates the function of CSB in MiDAS and restart of stalled forks but not in fork degradation in BRCA2-deficient cells and UV repair. Taken together, these results suggest that the DNA translocase activity of CSB in vivo is likely to be highly regulated by post-translational modification in a context-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixin Cui
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - John R Walker
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Nicole L Batenburg
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Xu-Dong Zhu
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada.
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23
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Culig L, Chu X, Bohr VA. Neurogenesis in aging and age-related neurodegenerative diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 78:101636. [PMID: 35490966 PMCID: PMC9168971 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis, the process by which neurons are generated in certain areas of the adult brain, declines in an age-dependent manner and is one potential target for extending cognitive healthspan. Aging is a major risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases and, as lifespans are increasing, these health challenges are becoming more prevalent. An age-associated loss in neural stem cell number and/or activity could cause this decline in brain function, so interventions that reverse aging in stem cells might increase the human cognitive healthspan. In this review, we describe the involvement of adult neurogenesis in neurodegenerative diseases and address the molecular mechanistic aspects of neurogenesis that involve some of the key aggregation-prone proteins in the brain (i.e., tau, Aβ, α-synuclein, …). We summarize the research pertaining to interventions that increase neurogenesis and regulate known targets in aging research, such as mTOR and sirtuins. Lastly, we share our outlook on restoring the levels of neurogenesis to physiological levels in elderly individuals and those with neurodegeneration. We suggest that modulating neurogenesis represents a potential target for interventions that could help in the fight against neurodegeneration and cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luka Culig
- Section on DNA Repair, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Xixia Chu
- Section on DNA Repair, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Vilhelm A Bohr
- Section on DNA Repair, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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24
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Chikhaoui A, Kraoua I, Calmels N, Bouchoucha S, Obringer C, Zayoud K, Montagne B, M’rad R, Abdelhak S, Laugel V, Ricchetti M, Turki I, Yacoub-Youssef H. Heterogeneous clinical features in Cockayne syndrome patients and siblings carrying the same CSA mutations. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2022; 17:121. [PMID: 35248096 PMCID: PMC8898519 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-022-02257-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cockayne syndrome (CS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in ERCC6/CSB or ERCC8/CSA that participate in the transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair (TC-NER) of UV-induced DNA damage. CS patients display a large heterogeneity of clinical symptoms and severities, the reason of which is not fully understood, and that cannot be anticipated in the diagnostic phase. In addition, little data is available for affected siblings, and this disease is largely undiagnosed in North Africa. Methods We report here the clinical description as well as genetic and functional characterization of eight Tunisian CS patients, including siblings. These patients, who belonged to six unrelated families, underwent complete clinical examination and biochemical analyses. Sanger sequencing was performed for the recurrent mutation in five families, and targeted gene sequencing was done for one patient of the sixth family. We also performed Recovery RNA Synthesis (RRS) to confirm the functional impairment of DNA repair in patient-derived fibroblasts. Results Six out of eight patients carried a homozygous indel mutation (c.598_600delinsAA) in exon 7 of ERCC8, and displayed a variable clinical spectrum including between siblings sharing the same mutation. The other two patients were siblings who carried a homozygous splice-site variant in ERCC8 (c.843+1G>C). This last pair presented more severe clinical manifestations, which are rarely associated with CSA mutations, leading to gastrostomy and hepatic damage. Impaired TC-NER was confirmed by RRS in six tested patients. Conclusions This study provides the first deep characterization of case series of CS patients carrying CSA mutations in North Africa. These mutations have been described only in this region and in the Middle-East. We also provide the largest characterization of multiple unrelated patients, as well as siblings, carrying the same mutation, providing a framework for dissecting elusive genotype–phenotype correlations in CS. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13023-022-02257-1.
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Damaj-Fourcade R, Meyer N, Obringer C, Le May N, Calmels N, Laugel V. Statistical Approach of the Role of the Conserved CSB-PiggyBac Transposase Fusion Protein (CSB-PGBD3) in Genotype-Phenotype Correlation in Cockayne Syndrome Type B. Front Genet 2022; 13:762047. [PMID: 35251122 PMCID: PMC8891132 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.762047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cockayne syndrome is a rare condition that encompasses a very wide spectrum of clinical severity. Mutations upstream of a transposon called PiggyBac Transposable Element Derived 3 in intron 5 of the CSB/ERCC6 gene could bring about less severe forms than mutations located downstream of that transposon insertion. Our aim was to study genotype-phenotype correlation by determining whether the position of each mutation of the CSB/ERCC6 gene has an impact on the phenotype. A hundred and forty-seven Cockayne patients, who had two pathogenic mutations in the CSB/ERCC6 gene and for whom clinical data was available, were retrospectively selected and included in the study. Data analysis was performed under the Bayesian paradigm. Analysis of the proportion of the different subtypes of Cockayne syndrome according to the position of the mutations was done using an ordinal logistic regression model. Using a vague prior, the risk of developing a more severe subtype when exposed to 2 mutations downstream compared to 2 mutations upstream was 2.0 [0.9–4.5]. Estimations varied through the sensitivity analysis. We could reasonably conclude that a relationship between the number of downstream mutations and the Cockayne syndrome clinical expression exists but it is still difficult to give a precise estimate of this relationship. The real effect could be more complex that the one described in the initial model and other genetic factors might be taken into consideration together with the mutation site to better explain clinical variability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicolas Meyer
- GMRC, Service de Santé Publique, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- ICUBE, UMR 7357, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Cathy Obringer
- Laboratoire de Génétique Médicale, Institut de Génétique Médicale d'Alsace, Faculté de Médecine de Strasbourg, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Nicolas Le May
- Laboratoire de Génétique Médicale, Institut de Génétique Médicale d'Alsace, Faculté de Médecine de Strasbourg, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Nadège Calmels
- Laboratoire de Génétique Médicale, Institut de Génétique Médicale d'Alsace, Faculté de Médecine de Strasbourg, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Laboratoire de Diagnostic Génétique, Institut de Génétique Médicale d'Alsace, Nouvel Hôpital Civil, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, CRBS, Strasbourg, France
| | - Vincent Laugel
- Laboratoire de Génétique Médicale, Institut de Génétique Médicale d'Alsace, Faculté de Médecine de Strasbourg, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Service de Pédiatrie Spécialisée et Générale, Unité de Neurologie Pédiatrique, Hôpital de Hautepierre, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- *Correspondence: Vincent Laugel,
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Hamie L, Nemer G, Kurban M. Malar rash in a young child with neurodevelopmental delay: a quiz. Arch Dis Child Educ Pract Ed 2022; 107:28-30. [PMID: 32447277 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2019-318334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
-A 14-month-old boy born to consanguineous parents presented to our Dermatology Department with a 6-month history of a malar eczematous rash that worsens with sun exposure. He had butterfly-shaped, hyperpigmented exfoliating plaques, preceded by blister formation (figure 1). He was also noticed to have enophthalmos, a pinched nose, microcephaly and a cachectic physique. His height and weight were below the first percentile for his age. In addition, the patient was noticed to have motor and psychosocial delay; he does not respond to simple spoken requests, cannot get into sitting position without help or stand/walk with help of furniture. The eye examination was completely normal including the absence of retinal and corneal changes. Complete blood count, liver function tests and a karyotype did not show any abnormal findings. Imaging studies were not done.edpract;107/1/28/F1F1F1Figure 1Clinical image. A hyperpigmented exfoliating plaque distributed over the malar area associated with enophthalmos and a pinched nose. WHAT'S YOUR DIAGNOSIS?: Bloom syndrome.Rothmund Thomson syndrome.Cockayne syndrome.Xeroderma pigmentosum.Trichothiodystrophy. Answers can be found on page 02.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamiaa Hamie
- Dermatology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Georges Nemer
- Dermatology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mazen Kurban
- Dermatology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
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Keegan NP, Wilton SD, Fletcher S. Analysis of Pathogenic Pseudoexons Reveals Novel Mechanisms Driving Cryptic Splicing. Front Genet 2022; 12:806946. [PMID: 35140743 PMCID: PMC8819188 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.806946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding pre-mRNA splicing is crucial to accurately diagnosing and treating genetic diseases. However, mutations that alter splicing can exert highly diverse effects. Of all the known types of splicing mutations, perhaps the rarest and most difficult to predict are those that activate pseudoexons, sometimes also called cryptic exons. Unlike other splicing mutations that either destroy or redirect existing splice events, pseudoexon mutations appear to create entirely new exons within introns. Since exon definition in vertebrates requires coordinated arrangements of numerous RNA motifs, one might expect that pseudoexons would only arise when rearrangements of intronic DNA create novel exons by chance. Surprisingly, although such mutations do occur, a far more common cause of pseudoexons is deep-intronic single nucleotide variants, raising the question of why these latent exon-like tracts near the mutation sites have not already been purged from the genome by the evolutionary advantage of more efficient splicing. Possible answers may lie in deep intronic splicing processes such as recursive splicing or poison exon splicing. Because these processes utilize intronic motifs that benignly engage with the spliceosome, the regions involved may be more susceptible to exonization than other intronic regions would be. We speculated that a comprehensive study of reported pseudoexons might detect alignments with known deep intronic splice sites and could also permit the characterisation of novel pseudoexon categories. In this report, we present and analyse a catalogue of over 400 published pseudoexon splice events. In addition to confirming prior observations of the most common pseudoexon mutation types, the size of this catalogue also enabled us to suggest new categories for some of the rarer types of pseudoexon mutation. By comparing our catalogue against published datasets of non-canonical splice events, we also found that 15.7% of pseudoexons exhibit some splicing activity at one or both of their splice sites in non-mutant cells. Importantly, this included seven examples of experimentally confirmed recursive splice sites, confirming for the first time a long-suspected link between these two splicing phenomena. These findings have the potential to improve the fidelity of genetic diagnostics and reveal new targets for splice-modulating therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niall P. Keegan
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- *Correspondence: Niall P. Keegan,
| | - Steve D. Wilton
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Sue Fletcher
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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Giambona A, Vinciguerra M, Leto F, Cassarà F, Cucinella G, Cigna V, Orlandi E, Piccione M, Picciotto F, Maggio A. Very early prenatal diagnosis of Cockayne's syndrome by coelocentesis. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2022; 42:1524-1531. [PMID: 35006018 DOI: 10.1080/01443615.2021.2014429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Cockayne's syndrome (CS) is a rare autosomal recessive multisystem disease characterised by early severe progression of symptoms. This study reports the feasibility of earlier prenatal diagnosis of CS by coelocentesis at 8 weeks of gestation respect to amniocentesis or villocentesis. Three couples at risk for CS asked to perform prenatal diagnosis by coelocentesis. Coelomic fluid was aspired from coelomic cavity in four singleton pregnancy at 8 weeks of gestation and 40 foetal cells were recovered by micromanipulator. Maternal DNA contamination was evaluated by quantitative fluorescent PCR (QF-PCR) and target regions of foetal DNA containing parental mutations of ERCC6 gene were amplified and sequenced. In all these cases, molecular analysis was possible. One foetus resulted affected of CS and the diagnosis was confirmed on placental tissue after voluntary abortion. In three cases, foetuses resulted carrier of a parental mutation and the results were confirmed after the birth. This study suggests that reliable prenatal diagnosis of CS could be performed using foetal cells present in coelomatic fluid in earlier pregnancy. Coelocentesis could be applied in prenatal diagnosis of CSs as well as for other monogenic diseases, at very early stage of pregnancy, if parental mutations are already known.Impact StatementWhat is already know on this subject? Previous studies utilising coelocentesis for prenatal determination of foetal sex reported variable success ranging from 58% to 95%, because of low total DNA content and presence of maternal cell contamination. This procedure has never been reported for early prenatal diagnosis at 8 weeks of gestation for rare genetically transmitted diseases such as Cockayne's syndrome.What do the results of this study add? This study demonstrates that coelomic fluid sampling combined with well-standardised laboratory procedures can be applied for prenatal diagnosis at eight weeks of gestation for any rare monogenic disease if molecular defects are known.What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? The findings of this study in at risk couples for monogenic diseases investigated by coelocentesis demonstrate that embryo-foetal cell selection from CF allows reliable and early prenatal diagnosis of diseases. This technique is attractive to parents because it provides prenatal diagnosis of genetic disease at least 4 weeks earlier than what can be achieved by the traditional procedures reducing anxiety of parents and provides the option for medical termination of affected cases at 8-10 weeks' gestation, which is less traumatic and safer than second-trimester surgical termination. Further research concerns the possibility to obtain foetal karyotype at eight weeks of gestation and the possibility of intrauterine corrective therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Giambona
- Unit of Hematology for Rare Diseases of Blood and Blood-Forming Organs, Laboratory for Molecular Diagnosis of Rare Hematological Diseases, Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedali Riuniti Villa Sofia Cervello, Palermo, Italy
| | - Margherita Vinciguerra
- Unit of Hematology for Rare Diseases of Blood and Blood-Forming Organs, Laboratory for Molecular Diagnosis of Rare Hematological Diseases, Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedali Riuniti Villa Sofia Cervello, Palermo, Italy
| | - Filippo Leto
- Unit of Hematology for Rare Diseases of Blood and Blood-Forming Organs, Laboratory for Molecular Diagnosis of Rare Hematological Diseases, Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedali Riuniti Villa Sofia Cervello, Palermo, Italy
| | - Filippo Cassarà
- Unit of Hematology for Rare Diseases of Blood and Blood-Forming Organs, Laboratory for Molecular Diagnosis of Rare Hematological Diseases, Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedali Riuniti Villa Sofia Cervello, Palermo, Italy
| | - Gaspare Cucinella
- Unit of Obstetrical and Gynecology, Fetal Medicine and Prenatal Diagnosis, Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedali Riuniti Villa Sofia Cervello, Palermo, Italy
| | - Valentina Cigna
- Unit of Obstetrical and Gynecology, Fetal Medicine and Prenatal Diagnosis, Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedali Riuniti Villa Sofia Cervello, Palermo, Italy
| | - Emanuela Orlandi
- Unit of Obstetrical and Gynecology, Fetal Medicine and Prenatal Diagnosis, Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedali Riuniti Villa Sofia Cervello, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Piccione
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedali Riuniti Villa Sofia Cervello, Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Picciotto
- Unit of Obstetrical and Gynecology, Fetal Medicine and Prenatal Diagnosis, Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedali Riuniti Villa Sofia Cervello, Palermo, Italy
| | - Aurelio Maggio
- Unit of Hematology for Rare Diseases of Blood and Blood-Forming Organs, Laboratory for Molecular Diagnosis of Rare Hematological Diseases, Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedali Riuniti Villa Sofia Cervello, Palermo, Italy
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29
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Liano D, Monti L, Chowdhury S, Raguseo F, Di Antonio M. Long-range DNA interactions: inter-molecular G-quadruplexes and their potential biological relevance. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:12753-12762. [PMID: 36281554 PMCID: PMC9671097 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc04872h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Guanine-rich DNA sequences are known to fold into secondary structures called G-quadruplexes (G4s), which can form from either individual DNA strands (intra-molecular) or multiple DNA strands (inter-molecular, iG4s). Intra-molecular G4s have been the object of extensive biological investigation due to their enrichment in gene-promoters and telomers. On the other hand, iG4s have never been considered in biological contexts, as the interaction between distal sequences of DNA to form an iG4 in cells was always deemed as highly unlikely. In this feature article, we challenge this dogma by presenting our recent discovery of the first human protein (CSB) displaying astonishing picomolar affinity and binding selectivity for iG4s. These findings suggest potential for iG4 structures to form in cells and highlight the need of further studies to unravel the fundamental biological roles of these inter-molecular DNA structures. Furthermore, we discuss how the potential for formation of iG4s in neuronal cells, triggered by repeat expansions in the C9orf72 gene, can lead to the formation of nucleic-acids based pathological aggregates in neurodegenerative diseases like ALS and FTD. Finally, based on our recent work on short LNA-modified probes, we provide a prespective on how the rational design of G4-selective chemical tools can be leveraged to further elucidate the biological relevance of iG4 structures in the context of ageing-related diseases. Intermolecular G-quadruplex structures can form within distal region of genomic DNA, contributing to chromatin looping. Herein, we discuss recent evidence supporting formation of iG4s in living cells and their potential biological function.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Liano
- Imperial College London, Chemistry Department, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, 82 Wood Lane, W12 0BZ, London, UK
| | - Ludovica Monti
- Imperial College London, Chemistry Department, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, 82 Wood Lane, W12 0BZ, London, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, NW1 1AT, London, UK
| | - Souroprobho Chowdhury
- Imperial College London, Chemistry Department, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, 82 Wood Lane, W12 0BZ, London, UK
- The Institute of Chemical Biology, Molecular Science Research Hub, 82 Wood Lane, W12 0BZ, London, UK
| | - Federica Raguseo
- Imperial College London, Chemistry Department, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, 82 Wood Lane, W12 0BZ, London, UK
- The Institute of Chemical Biology, Molecular Science Research Hub, 82 Wood Lane, W12 0BZ, London, UK
| | - Marco Di Antonio
- Imperial College London, Chemistry Department, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, 82 Wood Lane, W12 0BZ, London, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, NW1 1AT, London, UK
- The Institute of Chemical Biology, Molecular Science Research Hub, 82 Wood Lane, W12 0BZ, London, UK
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30
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Liano D, Chowdhury S, Di Antonio M. Cockayne Syndrome B Protein Selectively Resolves and Interact with Intermolecular DNA G-Quadruplex Structures. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:20988-21002. [PMID: 34855372 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c10745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Guanine-rich DNA can fold into secondary structures known as G-quadruplexes (G4s). G4s can form from a single DNA strand (intramolecular) or from multiple DNA strands (intermolecular), but studies on their biological functions have been often limited to intramolecular G4s, owing to the low probability of intermolecular G4s to form within genomic DNA. Herein, we report the first example of an endogenous protein, Cockayne Syndrome B (CSB), that can bind selectively with picomolar affinity toward intermolecular G4s formed within rDNA while displaying negligible binding toward intramolecular structures. We observed that CSB can selectively resolve intermolecular over intramolecular G4s, demonstrating that its selectivity toward intermolecular structures is also reflected at the resolvase level. Immunostaining of G4s with the antibody BG4 in CSB-impaired cells (CS1AN) revealed that G4-staining in the nucleolus of these cells can be abrogated by transfection of viable CSB, suggesting that intermolecular G4s can be formed within rDNA and act as binding substrate for CSB. Given that loss of function of CSB elicits premature aging phenotypes, our findings indicate that the interaction between CSB and intermolecular G4s in rDNA could be of relevance to maintain cellular homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Liano
- Chemistry Department, Imperial College London, Molecular Science Research Hub, 82 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom.,Institute of Chemical Biology, Molecular Science Research Hub, 82 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Souroprobho Chowdhury
- Chemistry Department, Imperial College London, Molecular Science Research Hub, 82 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom.,Institute of Chemical Biology, Molecular Science Research Hub, 82 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Marco Di Antonio
- Chemistry Department, Imperial College London, Molecular Science Research Hub, 82 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom.,Institute of Chemical Biology, Molecular Science Research Hub, 82 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom.,The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, United Kingdom
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31
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Yan C, Dodd T, Yu J, Leung B, Xu J, Oh J, Wang D, Ivanov I. Mechanism of Rad26-assisted rescue of stalled RNA polymerase II in transcription-coupled repair. Nat Commun 2021; 12:7001. [PMID: 34853308 PMCID: PMC8636621 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27295-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription-coupled repair is essential for the removal of DNA lesions from the transcribed genome. The pathway is initiated by CSB protein binding to stalled RNA polymerase II. Mutations impairing CSB function cause severe genetic disease. Yet, the ATP-dependent mechanism by which CSB powers RNA polymerase to bypass certain lesions while triggering excision of others is incompletely understood. Here we build structural models of RNA polymerase II bound to the yeast CSB ortholog Rad26 in nucleotide-free and bound states. This enables simulations and graph-theoretical analyses to define partitioning of this complex into dynamic communities and delineate how its structural elements function together to remodel DNA. We identify an allosteric pathway coupling motions of the Rad26 ATPase modules to changes in RNA polymerase and DNA to unveil a structural mechanism for CSB-assisted progression past less bulky lesions. Our models allow functional interpretation of the effects of Cockayne syndrome disease mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunli Yan
- grid.256304.60000 0004 1936 7400Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA USA ,grid.256304.60000 0004 1936 7400Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Thomas Dodd
- grid.256304.60000 0004 1936 7400Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA USA ,grid.256304.60000 0004 1936 7400Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Jina Yu
- grid.256304.60000 0004 1936 7400Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA USA ,grid.256304.60000 0004 1936 7400Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Bernice Leung
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - Jun Xu
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - Juntaek Oh
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - Dong Wang
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA. .,Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA. .,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
| | - Ivaylo Ivanov
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA. .,Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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32
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Zayoud K, Kraoua I, Chikhaoui A, Calmels N, Bouchoucha S, Obringer C, Crochemore C, Najjar D, Zarrouk S, Miladi N, Laugel V, Ricchetti M, Turki I, Yacoub-Youssef H. Identification and Characterization of a Novel Recurrent ERCC6 Variant in Patients with a Severe Form of Cockayne Syndrome B. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12121922. [PMID: 34946871 PMCID: PMC8701866 DOI: 10.3390/genes12121922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cockayne syndrome (CS) is a rare disease caused by mutations in ERCC6/CSB or ERCC8/CSA. We report here the clinical, genetic, and functional analyses of three unrelated patients mutated in ERCC6/CSB with a severe phenotype. After clinical examination, two patients were investigated via next generation sequencing, targeting seventeen Nucleotide Excision Repair (NER) genes. All three patients harbored a novel, c.3156dup, homozygous mutation located in exon 18 of ERCC6/CSB that affects the C-terminal region of the protein. Sanger sequencing confirmed the mutation and the parental segregation in the three families, and Western blots showed a lack of the full-length protein. NER functional impairment was shown by reduced recovery of RNA synthesis with proficient unscheduled DNA synthesis after UV-C radiations in patient-derived fibroblasts. Despite sharing the same mutation, the clinical spectrum was heterogeneous among the three patients, and only two patients displayed clinical photosensitivity. This novel ERCC6 variant in Tunisian patients suggests a founder effect and has implications for setting-up prenatal diagnosis/genetic counselling in North Africa, where this disease is largely undiagnosed. This study reveals one of the rare cases of CS clinical heterogeneity despite the same mutation. Moreover, the occurrence of an identical homozygous mutation, which either results in clinical photosensitivity or does not, strongly suggests that this classic CS symptom relies on multiple factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khouloud Zayoud
- Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics (LR16IPT05), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, El Manar I, Tunis 1002, Tunisia; (K.Z.); (A.C.); (D.N.)
- Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Bizerte 7000, Tunisia
| | - Ichraf Kraoua
- LR18SP04 and Department of Child and Adolescent Neurology, National Institute Mongi Ben Hmida of Neurology, Tunis 1007, Tunisia; (I.K.); (I.T.)
| | - Asma Chikhaoui
- Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics (LR16IPT05), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, El Manar I, Tunis 1002, Tunisia; (K.Z.); (A.C.); (D.N.)
| | - Nadège Calmels
- Laboratoires de Diagnostic Génétique, Institut de Génétique Médicale d’Alsace, Nouvel Hôpital Civil, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France;
- Laboratoire de Génétique Médicale, INSERM U1112, Institut de génétique médicale d’Alsace, CRBS, 67000 Strasbourg, France; (C.O.); (V.L.)
| | - Sami Bouchoucha
- Service Orthopédie, Hôpital d’enfant Béchir Hamza, Tunis 1000, Tunisia;
| | - Cathy Obringer
- Laboratoire de Génétique Médicale, INSERM U1112, Institut de génétique médicale d’Alsace, CRBS, 67000 Strasbourg, France; (C.O.); (V.L.)
| | - Clément Crochemore
- Institut Pasteur, Team Stability of Nuclear and Mitochondrial DNA, Stem Cells and Development, UMR 3738 CNRS, 25-28 rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France; (C.C.); (M.R.)
| | - Dorra Najjar
- Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics (LR16IPT05), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, El Manar I, Tunis 1002, Tunisia; (K.Z.); (A.C.); (D.N.)
| | - Sinda Zarrouk
- Genomics Platform, Institut Pasteur de Tunis (IPT), Tunis-Belvédère, Tunis 1002, Tunisia;
| | - Najoua Miladi
- Maghreb Medical Center, El Manar III, Tunis 9000, Tunisia;
| | - Vincent Laugel
- Laboratoire de Génétique Médicale, INSERM U1112, Institut de génétique médicale d’Alsace, CRBS, 67000 Strasbourg, France; (C.O.); (V.L.)
| | - Miria Ricchetti
- Institut Pasteur, Team Stability of Nuclear and Mitochondrial DNA, Stem Cells and Development, UMR 3738 CNRS, 25-28 rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France; (C.C.); (M.R.)
| | - Ilhem Turki
- LR18SP04 and Department of Child and Adolescent Neurology, National Institute Mongi Ben Hmida of Neurology, Tunis 1007, Tunisia; (I.K.); (I.T.)
| | - Houda Yacoub-Youssef
- Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics (LR16IPT05), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, El Manar I, Tunis 1002, Tunisia; (K.Z.); (A.C.); (D.N.)
- Correspondence:
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33
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Lin CM, Yang JH, Lee HJ, Lin YP, Tsai LP, Hsu CS, Luxton GWG, Hu CF. Whole Exome Sequencing Identifies a Novel Homozygous Missense Mutation in the CSB Protein-Encoding ERCC6 Gene in a Taiwanese Boy with Cockayne Syndrome. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11111230. [PMID: 34833108 PMCID: PMC8618937 DOI: 10.3390/life11111230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cockayne syndrome (CS) is a rare form of dwarfism that is characterized by progressive premature aging. CS is typically caused by mutations in the excision repair cross-complementing protein group 6 (ERCC6) gene that encodes the CS group B (CSB) protein. Using whole exome sequencing, we recently identified a novel homozygous missense mutation (Leu536Trp) in CSB in a Taiwanese boy with CS. Since the current database (Varsome) interprets this variant as likely pathogenic, we utilized a bioinformatic tool to investigate the impact of Leu536Trp as well as two other variants (Arg453Ter, Asp532Gly) in similar articles on the CSB protein structure stability. Methods: We used iterative threading assembly refinement (I-TASSER) to generate a predictive 3D structure of CSB. We calculated the change of mutation energy after residues substitution on the protein stability using I-TASSER as well as the artificial intelligence program Alphafold. Results: The Asp532Gly variant destabilized both modeled structures, while the Leu536Trp variant showed no effect on I-TASSER’s model but destabilized the Alphafold’s modeled structure. Conclusions: We propose here the first case of CS associated with a novel homozygous missense mutation (Leu536Trp) in CSB. Furthermore, we suggest that the Asp532Gly and Leu536Trp variants are both pathogenic after bioinformatic analysis of protein stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Ming Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan;
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung 80284, Taiwan
| | - Jay-How Yang
- Center for Applied Structural Discovery, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA;
| | - Hwei-Jen Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Pang Lin
- Department of Radiology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan;
| | - Li-Ping Tsai
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei 23142, Taiwan;
| | - Chih-Sin Hsu
- Genomics Center for Clinical and Biotechnological Applications of Cancer Progression Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan;
| | - G. W. Gant Luxton
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Correspondence: (G.W.G.L.); (C.-F.H.); Tel.: +1-530-754-6083 (G.W.G.L.); +886-2-8792-7293 (C.-F.H.)
| | - Chih-Fen Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: (G.W.G.L.); (C.-F.H.); Tel.: +1-530-754-6083 (G.W.G.L.); +886-2-8792-7293 (C.-F.H.)
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Domino JS, Gelineau-Morel R, Kaufman C. Deep Brain Stimulation for Cockayne Syndrome-Associated Movement Disorder. J Mov Disord 2021; 15:62-65. [PMID: 34724781 PMCID: PMC8820887 DOI: 10.14802/jmd.21005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cockayne syndrome (CS) is a rare progeroid disorder characterized by multisystem degeneration, including neurological dysfunction, for which deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a proposed treatment. This study represents only the third case of DBS for CS-associated movement disorder and the first in which both proposed targets had devices implanted, allowing for direct comparison. A case of DBS for CS-associated movement disorder is presented. Previous literature documents two cases with one targeting the ventral intermediate nucleus of the thalamus (VIM) and the other targeting the globus pallidus interna (GPi). Our patient underwent stimulation of GPi nuclei followed by repositioning to VIM nuclei with improved symptom control using VIM stimulation. In all cases, there was a significant clinical benefit without off-target effects. CS-associated movement disorder exhibits phenotypic variability for which DBS is a viable treatment. Target selection should be driven by clinical phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph S Domino
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | | | - Christian Kaufman
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.,Division of Neurosurgery, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
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35
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Jéru I. Genetics of lipodystrophy syndromes. Presse Med 2021; 50:104074. [PMID: 34562561 DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2021.104074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipodystrophic syndromes (LS) constitute a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of diseases characterized by a loss of adipose tissue. These syndromes are usually associated with metabolic complications, which are determinant for morbidity and mortality. The classical forms of LS include partial, generalized, and progeroid lipodystrophies. They are usually due to defects in proteins playing a key role in adipogenesis and adipocyte functions. More recently, systemic disorders combining lipodystrophy and multiple organ dysfunction have been described, including autoinflammatory syndromes, mitochondrial disorders, as well as other complex entities. To date, more than thirty genes have been implicated in the monogenic forms of LS, but the majority of them remain genetically-unexplained. The associated pathophysiological mechanisms also remain to be clarified in many instances. Next generation sequencing-based approaches allow simultaneous testing of multiple genes and have become crucial to speed up the identification of new disease-causing genes. The challenge for geneticists is now the interpretation of the amount of available genetic data, generated especially by exome and whole-genome sequencing. International recommendations on the interpretation and classification of variants have been set up and are regularly reassessed. Very close collaboration between geneticists, clinicians, and researchers will be necessary to make rapid progress in understanding the molecular and cellular basis of these diseases, and to promote personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Jéru
- Laboratoire commun de Biologie et Génétique Moléculaires, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France; Sorbonne Université-Inserm UMRS_938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris 75012, France.
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Neuroblastoma Cells Depend on CSB for Faithful Execution of Cytokinesis and Survival. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221810070. [PMID: 34576232 PMCID: PMC8465547 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma, the most common extra-cranial solid tumor of early childhood, is one of the major therapeutic challenges in child oncology: it is highly heterogenic at a genetic, biological, and clinical level. The high-risk cases have one of the least favorable outcomes amongst pediatric tumors, and the mortality rate is still high, regardless of the use of intensive multimodality therapies. Here, we observed that neuroblastoma cells display an increased expression of Cockayne Syndrome group B (CSB), a pleiotropic protein involved in multiple functions such as DNA repair, transcription, mitochondrial homeostasis, and cell division, and were recently found to confer cell robustness when they are up-regulated. In this study, we demonstrated that RNAi-mediated suppression of CSB drastically impairs tumorigenicity of neuroblastoma cells by hampering their proliferative, clonogenic, and invasive capabilities. In particular, we observed that CSB ablation induces cytokinesis failure, leading to caspases 9 and 3 activation and, subsequently, to massive apoptotic cell death. Worthy of note, a new frontier in cancer treatment, already proved to be successful, is cytokinesis-failure-induced cell death. In this context, CSB ablation seems to be a new and promising anticancer strategy for neuroblastoma therapy.
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Yousefipour F, Mahjoobi F. Identification of two novel homozygous mutations in ERCC8 gene in two unrelated consanguineous families with Cockayne syndrome from Iran. Clin Chim Acta 2021; 523:65-71. [PMID: 34461059 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cockayne syndrome (CS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder with characteristic multisystem involvement including pre- or post-natal growth failure, progressive neurological dysfunction, psychomotor retardation, cerebral atrophy, microcephaly and mental retardation, due to mutations in either the ERCC8/CSA or ERCC6/CSB gene. METHOD We present two Iranian patients with remarkable growth failure, developmental delay, microcephaly, severe speech delay, vision problem, sun sensitivity, hearing loss, dental anomalies, unstable gait, mild contractures in knees, kyphosis and spasticity in lower limbs, balance disorders and typical dysmorphic features including long nose, aged face, large ears and sunken eyes. Clinical evaluation, magnetic resonance imaging, Peripheral blood karyotype, Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA), and whole-exome sequencing were used to characterize etiology in two patients from two unrelated consanguineous families of Iranian descent with Cockayne syndrome. RESULTS We detected two novel pathogenic mutations in two unrelated families, a homozygous duplication mutation (c.317_320dupAGTG, p.Trp107Ter) and a splicing variant (c.481 + 1G > A) in ERCC8 gene. CONCLUSION WES results together with the characteristic clinical manifestations of Cockayne syndrome, provided an accurate diagnosis for two patients. Also, our study identified two novel variants in Iranian families.
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Jia N, Guo C, Nakazawa Y, van den Heuvel D, Luijsterburg MS, Ogi T. Dealing with transcription-blocking DNA damage: Repair mechanisms, RNA polymerase II processing and human disorders. DNA Repair (Amst) 2021; 106:103192. [PMID: 34358806 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2021.103192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Transcription-blocking DNA lesions (TBLs) in genomic DNA are triggered by a wide variety of DNA-damaging agents. Such lesions cause stalling of elongating RNA polymerase II (RNA Pol II) enzymes and fully block transcription when unresolved. The toxic impact of DNA damage on transcription progression is commonly referred to as transcription stress. In response to RNA Pol II stalling, cells activate and employ transcription-coupled repair (TCR) machineries to repair cytotoxic TBLs and resume transcription. Increasing evidence indicates that the modification and processing of stalled RNA Pol II is an integral component of the cellular response to and the repair of TBLs. If TCR pathways fail, the prolonged stalling of RNA Pol II will impede global replication and transcription as well as block the access of other DNA repair pathways that may act upon the TBL. Consequently, such prolonged stalling will trigger profound genome instability and devastating clinical features. In this review, we will discuss the mechanisms by which various types of TBLs are repaired by distinct TCR pathways and how RNA Pol II processing is regulated during these processes. We will also discuss the clinical consequences of transcription stress and genotype-phenotype correlations of related TCR-deficiency disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Jia
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Department of Genetics, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine (RIeM), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan; Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Chaowan Guo
- Department of Genetics, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine (RIeM), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan; Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuka Nakazawa
- Department of Genetics, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine (RIeM), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan; Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Diana van den Heuvel
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn S Luijsterburg
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Tomoo Ogi
- Department of Genetics, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine (RIeM), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan; Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.
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Narayanan DL, Tuteja M, McIntyre AD, Hegele RA, Calmels N, Obringer C, Laugel V, Mandal K, Phadke SR. Clinical and Mutation Spectra of Cockayne Syndrome in India. Neurol India 2021; 69:362-366. [PMID: 33904453 DOI: 10.4103/0028-3886.314579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background Cockayne syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by biallelic mutations in ERCC6 or ERCC8 genes. Aims To study the clinical and mutation spectrum of Cockayne syndrome. Setting and Design Medical Genetics Outpatient Department of Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow. This was a prospective study from 2007 to 2015. Materials and Methods Clinical details were recorded, and sequencing of ERCC6 and ERCC8 were performed. Results and Conclusions Of the six families, one family had a homozygous mutation in ERCC8 and the other five families had homozygous mutations in ERCC6. Novel variants in ERCC6 were identified in four families. Phenotypic features may vary from severe to mild, and a strong clinical suspicion is needed for diagnosis during infancy or early childhood. Hence, molecular diagnosis is needed for confirmation of diagnosis in a child with a suspicion of Cockayne syndrome. Prenatal diagnosis can be provided only if molecular diagnosis is established in the proband.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanya L Narayanan
- Department of Medical Genetics, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Moni Tuteja
- Department of Medical Genetics, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Adam D McIntyre
- Department of Medicine and Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert A Hegele
- Department of Medicine and Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nadege Calmels
- Laboratory of Genetic Diagnosis, Strasbourg University Hospital, 1 place de l'Hospital, Strasbourg, France
| | - Cathy Obringer
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Strasbourg University Hospital, 1 place de l'Hospital, Strasbourg, France
| | - Vincent Laugel
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Strasbourg University Hospital, 1 place de l'Hospital, Strasbourg, France
| | - Kausik Mandal
- Department of Medical Genetics, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shubha R Phadke
- Department of Medical Genetics, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Krasikova Y, Rechkunova N, Lavrik O. Nucleotide Excision Repair: From Molecular Defects to Neurological Abnormalities. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126220. [PMID: 34207557 PMCID: PMC8228863 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleotide excision repair (NER) is the most versatile DNA repair pathway, which can remove diverse bulky DNA lesions destabilizing a DNA duplex. NER defects cause several autosomal recessive genetic disorders. Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is one of the NER-associated syndromes characterized by low efficiency of the removal of bulky DNA adducts generated by ultraviolet radiation. XP patients have extremely high ultraviolet-light sensitivity of sun-exposed tissues, often resulting in multiple skin and eye cancers. Some XP patients develop characteristic neurodegeneration that is believed to derive from their inability to repair neuronal DNA damaged by endogenous metabolites. A specific class of oxidatively induced DNA lesions, 8,5′-cyclopurine-2′-deoxynucleosides, is considered endogenous DNA lesions mainly responsible for neurological problems in XP. Growing evidence suggests that XP is accompanied by defective mitophagy, as in primary mitochondrial disorders. Moreover, NER pathway is absent in mitochondria, implying that the mitochondrial dysfunction is secondary to nuclear NER defects. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of the NER molecular mechanism and focuses on the NER linkage with the neurological degeneration in patients with XP. We also present recent research advances regarding NER involvement in oxidative DNA lesion repair. Finally, we highlight how mitochondrial dysfunction may be associated with XP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliya Krasikova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (Y.K.); (N.R.)
| | - Nadejda Rechkunova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (Y.K.); (N.R.)
| | - Olga Lavrik
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (Y.K.); (N.R.)
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Correspondence:
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Friedman J, Bird LM, Haas R, Robbins SL, Nahas SA, Dimmock DP, Yousefzadeh MJ, Witt MA, Niedernhofer LJ, Chowdhury S. Ending a diagnostic odyssey: Moving from exome to genome to identify cockayne syndrome. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2021; 9:e1623. [PMID: 34076366 PMCID: PMC8372079 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cockayne syndrome (CS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by growth failure and multisystemic degeneration. Excision repair cross‐complementation group 6 (ERCC6 OMIM: *609413) is the gene most frequently mutated in CS. Methods A child with pre and postnatal growth failure and progressive neurologic deterioration with multisystem involvement, and with nondiagnostic whole‐exome sequencing, was screened for causal variants with whole‐genome sequencing (WGS). Results WGS identified biallelic ERCC6 variants, including a previously unreported intronic variant. Pathogenicity of these variants was established by demonstrating reduced levels of ERCC6 mRNA and protein expression, normal unscheduled DNA synthesis, and impaired recovery of RNA synthesis in patient fibroblasts following UV‐irradiation. Conclusion The study confirms the pathogenicity of a previously undescribed upstream intronic variant, highlighting the power of genome sequencing to identify noncoding variants. In addition, this report provides evidence for the utility of a combination approach of genome sequencing plus functional studies to provide diagnosis in a child for whom a lengthy diagnostic odyssey, including exome sequencing, was previously unrevealing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Friedman
- Department of NeurosciencesUniversity of California San DiegoSan DiegoCAUSA
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of California San DiegoSan DiegoCAUSA
- Division of Neurology Rady Children’s HospitalSan DiegoCAUSA
- Rady Children’s Institute for Genomic MedicineSan DiegoCAUSA
| | - Lynne M. Bird
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of California San DiegoSan DiegoCAUSA
- Division of Genetics/DysmorphologyRady Children’s Hospital San DiegoSan DiegoCAUSA
| | - Richard Haas
- Department of NeurosciencesUniversity of California San DiegoSan DiegoCAUSA
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of California San DiegoSan DiegoCAUSA
- Division of Neurology Rady Children’s HospitalSan DiegoCAUSA
| | - Shira L. Robbins
- Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology at the Shiley Eye InstituteUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
| | | | | | - Matthew J. Yousefzadeh
- Institute on the Biology of Aging and MetabolismDepartment of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and BiophysicsUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMNUSA
| | - Mariah A. Witt
- Institute on the Biology of Aging and MetabolismDepartment of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and BiophysicsUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMNUSA
| | - Laura J. Niedernhofer
- Institute on the Biology of Aging and MetabolismDepartment of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and BiophysicsUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMNUSA
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ELOF1 is a transcription-coupled DNA repair factor that directs RNA polymerase II ubiquitylation. Nat Cell Biol 2021; 23:595-607. [PMID: 34108663 PMCID: PMC8890769 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-021-00688-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Cells employ transcription-coupled repair (TCR) to eliminate transcription-blocking DNA lesions. DNA damage-induced binding of the TCR-specific repair factor CSB to RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) triggers RNAPII ubiquitylation of a single lysine (K1268) by the CRL4CSA ubiquitin ligase. How CRL4CSA is specifically directed towards K1268 is unknown. Here, we identify ELOF1 as the missing link that facilitates RNAPII ubiquitylation, a key signal for the assembly of downstream repair factors. This function requires its constitutive interaction with RNAPII close to K1268, revealing ELOF1 as a specificity factor that binds and positions CRL4CSA for optimal RNAPII ubiquitylation. Drug-genetic interaction screening also revealed a CSB-independent pathway in which ELOF1 prevents R-loops in active genes and protects cells against DNA replication stress. Our study offers key insights into the molecular mechanisms of TCR and provides a genetic framework of the interplay between transcriptional stress responses and DNA replication.
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43
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Reznick Levi G, Larom G, Ofen Glassner V, Ekhilevitch N, Sharon Swartzman N, Paperna T, Baris-Feldman H, Weiss K. A recurrent pathogenic BRCA2 exon 5-11 duplication in the Christian Arab population in Israel. Fam Cancer 2021; 21:289-294. [PMID: 33999380 DOI: 10.1007/s10689-021-00262-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Germline pathogenic variants (PVs) in BRCA1/BRCA2 are well-established risk factors for breast cancer (BC) and/or ovarian cancer (OC). Founder PVs have been described in BRCA1/ BRCA2 in several genetic isolates. The Christian Arab population in the Middle East is a relatively isolated ethnic group, yet founder, or recurrent BRCA1/BRCA2 PVs have not been reported in this population. In this study we describe PVs detected in cancer susceptibility genes among a cohort of Christian Arabs from Israel. We reviewed patient records from the Oncogenetic clinic at Rambam Health Care Campus during the years 2013- mid 2020. Thirty-five unrelated Christian Arab patients, with personal or family history of BC and/or OC underwent BRCA1/BRCA2 (14/35) testing or cancer gene panel testing (21/35) as part of their diagnostic workup. Three clinically significant variants in BRCA2, CHEK2 and RAD51C were found in 7/35 patients (20%). A recurrent duplication of the BRCA2 genomic region, encompassing exons 5-10 and the 5' portion of exon 11, was found in 5/33 (15.2%) patients for whom copy number variants (CNVs) analysis was performed. We identified a recurrent pathogenic BRCA2 duplication in Christian Arab patients with a personal/ family history of BC and/or OC. Our findings emphasize the importance of inclusion of CNVs analysis in BRCA1/BRCA2 genetic testing, and specifically for Christian Arab patients suspected of hereditary BC and/or OC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gal Larom
- The Genetics Institute, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | | | - Nina Ekhilevitch
- The Genetics Institute, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | | | - Tamar Paperna
- The Genetics Institute, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Hagit Baris-Feldman
- The Genetics Institute, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Karin Weiss
- The Genetics Institute, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel.,The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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44
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Batenburg NL, Cui S, Walker JR, Schellhorn HE, Zhu XD. The Winged Helix Domain of CSB Regulates RNAPII Occupancy at Promoter Proximal Pause Sites. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073379. [PMID: 33806087 PMCID: PMC8037043 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cockayne syndrome group B protein (CSB), a member of the SWI/SNF superfamily, resides in an elongating RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) complex and regulates transcription elongation. CSB contains a C-terminal winged helix domain (WHD) that binds to ubiquitin and plays an important role in DNA repair. However, little is known about the role of the CSB-WHD in transcription regulation. Here, we report that CSB is dependent upon its WHD to regulate RNAPII abundance at promoter proximal pause (PPP) sites of several actively transcribed genes, a key step in the regulation of transcription elongation. We show that two ubiquitin binding-defective mutations in the CSB-WHD, which impair CSB's ability to promote cell survival in response to treatment with cisplatin, have little impact on its ability to stimulate RNAPII occupancy at PPP sites. In addition, we demonstrate that two cancer-associated CSB mutations, which are located on the opposite side of the CSB-WHD away from its ubiquitin-binding pocket, impair CSB's ability to promote RNAPII occupancy at PPP sites. Taken together, these results suggest that CSB promotes RNAPII association with PPP sites in a manner requiring the CSB-WHD but independent of its ubiquitin-binding activity. These results further imply that CSB-mediated RNAPII occupancy at PPP sites is mechanistically separable from CSB-mediated repair of cisplatin-induced DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Xu-Dong Zhu
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-905-525-9140 (ext. 27737)
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45
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Paccosi E, Proietti-De-Santis L. The emerging role of Cockayne group A and B proteins in ubiquitin/proteasome-directed protein degradation. Mech Ageing Dev 2021; 195:111466. [PMID: 33727156 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2021.111466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
When mutated, csa and csb genes are responsible of the complex phenotype of the premature aging Cockayne Syndrome (CS). Our working hypothesis is to reconcile the multiple cellular and molecular phenotypes associated to CS within the unifying molecular function of CSA and CSB proteins in the cascade of events leading to ubiquitin/proteasome-directed protein degradation, which occurs in processes as DNA repair, transcription and cell division. This achievement may reasonably explain the plethora of cellular UPS-regulated functions that result impaired when either CSA or CSB are mutated and suggestively explains part of their pleiotropic effect. This review is aimed to solicit the interest of the scientific community in further investigating this aspect, since we believe that the identification of the ubiquitin-proteasome machinery as a new potential therapeutic target, able to comprehensively face the different molecular aspects of CS, whether confirmed and corroborated by in vivo studies, would open a promising avenue to design effective therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Paccosi
- Unit of Molecular Genetics of Aging, Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, Università degli Studi della Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Luca Proietti-De-Santis
- Unit of Molecular Genetics of Aging, Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, Università degli Studi della Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy.
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46
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van den Heuvel D, van der Weegen Y, Boer DEC, Ogi T, Luijsterburg MS. Transcription-Coupled DNA Repair: From Mechanism to Human Disorder. Trends Cell Biol 2021; 31:359-371. [PMID: 33685798 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2021.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
DNA lesions pose a major obstacle during gene transcription by RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) enzymes. The transcription-coupled DNA repair (TCR) pathway eliminates such DNA lesions. Inherited defects in TCR cause severe clinical syndromes, including Cockayne syndrome (CS). The molecular mechanism of TCR and the molecular origin of CS have long remained enigmatic. Here we explore new advances in our understanding of how TCR complexes assemble through cooperative interactions between repair factors stimulated by RNAPII ubiquitylation. Mounting evidence suggests that RNAPII ubiquitylation activates TCR complex assembly during repair and, in parallel, promotes processing and degradation of RNAPII to prevent prolonged stalling. The fate of stalled RNAPII is therefore emerging as a crucial link between TCR and associated human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana van den Heuvel
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Yana van der Weegen
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Daphne E C Boer
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tomoo Ogi
- Department of Genetics, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine (RIeM), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan; Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Martijn S Luijsterburg
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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van den Heuvel D, Spruijt CG, González-Prieto R, Kragten A, Paulsen MT, Zhou D, Wu H, Apelt K, van der Weegen Y, Yang K, Dijk M, Daxinger L, Marteijn JA, Vertegaal ACO, Ljungman M, Vermeulen M, Luijsterburg MS. A CSB-PAF1C axis restores processive transcription elongation after DNA damage repair. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1342. [PMID: 33637760 PMCID: PMC7910549 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21520-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bulky DNA lesions in transcribed strands block RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) elongation and induce a genome-wide transcriptional arrest. The transcription-coupled repair (TCR) pathway efficiently removes transcription-blocking DNA lesions, but how transcription is restored in the genome following DNA repair remains unresolved. Here, we find that the TCR-specific CSB protein loads the PAF1 complex (PAF1C) onto RNAPII in promoter-proximal regions in response to DNA damage. Although dispensable for TCR-mediated repair, PAF1C is essential for transcription recovery after UV irradiation. We find that PAF1C promotes RNAPII pause release in promoter-proximal regions and subsequently acts as a processivity factor that stimulates transcription elongation throughout genes. Our findings expose the molecular basis for a non-canonical PAF1C-dependent pathway that restores transcription throughout the human genome after genotoxic stress. The transcription-coupled repair pathway removes transcription-blocking DNA lesions, but how transcription is restored following DNA repair is not clear. Here the authors reveal that the PAF1 complex, while dispensable for the repair process, restores transcription after DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana van den Heuvel
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelia G Spruijt
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Oncode Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Prinses Maxima Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Román González-Prieto
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Angela Kragten
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Michelle T Paulsen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Di Zhou
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Oncode Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Haoyu Wu
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Katja Apelt
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Yana van der Weegen
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Kevin Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Madelon Dijk
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Lucia Daxinger
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jurgen A Marteijn
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Oncode Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alfred C O Vertegaal
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mats Ljungman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Michiel Vermeulen
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Oncode Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn S Luijsterburg
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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48
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Hussain M, Krishnamurthy S, Patel J, Kim E, Baptiste BA, Croteau DL, Bohr VA. Skin Abnormalities in Disorders with DNA Repair Defects, Premature Aging, and Mitochondrial Dysfunction. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 141:968-975. [PMID: 33353663 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Defects in DNA repair pathways and alterations of mitochondrial energy metabolism have been reported in multiple skin disorders. More than 10% of patients with primary mitochondrial dysfunction exhibit dermatological features including rashes and hair and pigmentation abnormalities. Accumulation of oxidative DNA damage and dysfunctional mitochondria affect cellular homeostasis leading to increased apoptosis. Emerging evidence demonstrates that genetic disorders of premature aging that alter DNA repair pathways and cause mitochondrial dysfunction, such as Rothmund-Thomson syndrome, Werner syndrome, and Cockayne syndrome, also exhibit skin disease. This article summarizes recent advances in the research pertaining to these syndromes and molecular mechanisms underlying their skin pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansoor Hussain
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Jaimin Patel
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Edward Kim
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Beverly A Baptiste
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Deborah L Croteau
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Vilhelm A Bohr
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
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The Cockayne syndrome group A and B proteins are part of a ubiquitin-proteasome degradation complex regulating cell division. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:30498-30508. [PMID: 33199595 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2006543117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokinesis is monitored by a molecular machinery that promotes the degradation of the intercellular bridge, a transient protein structure connecting the two daughter cells. Here, we found that CSA and CSB, primarily defined as DNA repair factors, are located at the midbody, a transient structure in the middle of the intercellular bridge, where they recruit CUL4 and MDM2 ubiquitin ligases and the proteasome. As a part of this molecular machinery, CSA and CSB contribute to the ubiquitination and the degradation of proteins such as PRC1, the Protein Regulator of Cytokinesis, to ensure the correct separation of the two daughter cells. Defects in CSA or CSB result in perturbation of the abscission leading to the formation of long intercellular bridges and multinucleated cells, which might explain part of the Cockayne syndrome phenotypes. Our results enlighten the role played by CSA and CSB as part of a ubiquitin/proteasome degradation process involved in transcription, DNA repair, and cell division.
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Zhou C, Liu Y, Qiao L, Liu Y, Yang N, Meng Y, Yue B. The draft genome of the blood pheasant ( Ithaginis cruentus): Phylogeny and high-altitude adaptation. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:11440-11452. [PMID: 33144976 PMCID: PMC7593199 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood pheasant (Ithaginis cruentus), the only species in the genus Ithaginis, lives in an extremely inhospitable high-altitude environment, coping with hypoxia and ultraviolet (UV) radiation. To further investigate the phylogeny of Phasianidae species based on complete genomes and understand the molecular genetic mechanisms of the high-altitude adaptation of the blood pheasant, we de novo assembled and annotated the complete genome of the blood pheasant. The blood pheasant genome size is 1.04 Gb with scaffold N50 of 10.88 Mb. We identified 109.92 Mb (10.62%) repetitive elements, 279,037 perfect microsatellites, and 17,209 protein-coding genes. The phylogenetic tree of Phasianidae based on whole genomes revealed three highly supported major clades with the blood pheasant included in the "erectile clade." Comparative genomics analysis showed that many genes were positively selected in the blood pheasant, which was associated with response to hypoxia and/or UV radiation. More importantly, among these positively selected genes (PSGs) which were related to high-altitude adaptation, sixteen PSGs had blood pheasant-specific missense mutations. Our data and analysis lay solid foundation to the study of Phasianidae phylogeny and provided new insights into the potential adaptation mechanisms to the high altitude employed by the blood pheasant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Bioresources and Ecoenvironment (Ministry of Education)College of Life SciencesSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bioresources and Ecoenvironment (Ministry of Education)College of Life SciencesSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Lu Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Bioresources and Ecoenvironment (Ministry of Education)College of Life SciencesSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yang Liu
- Chengdu Zoo/Chengdu Wildlife Research InstituteChengduChina
| | - Nan Yang
- Institute of Qinghai‐Tibetan PlateauSouthwest Minzu UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yang Meng
- Key Laboratory of Bioresources and Ecoenvironment (Ministry of Education)College of Life SciencesSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Bisong Yue
- Key Laboratory of Bioresources and Ecoenvironment (Ministry of Education)College of Life SciencesSichuan UniversityChengduChina
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