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Le TM, Oba T, Couch L, McInerney L, Li CSR. Neural correlates of proactive avoidance deficits and alcohol use motives in problem drinking. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:336. [PMID: 39168986 PMCID: PMC11339324 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-03039-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Physical pain and negative emotions represent two distinct drinking motives that contribute to harmful alcohol use. Proactive avoidance, in contrast, can reduce consumption in response to these motives but appears to be impaired in those with problem drinking. Despite such evidence, proactive avoidance and its underlying neural deficits have not been assessed experimentally. How these deficits inter-relate with drinking motives to influence alcohol use also remains unclear. The current study leveraged neuroimaging data in forty-one problem and forty-one social drinkers who performed a probabilistic learning go/nogo task featuring proactive avoidance of painful outcomes. We identified the brain responses to proactive avoidance and contrasted the neural correlates of drinking to avoid negative emotions vs. physical pain. Behavioral results confirmed proactive avoidance deficits in problem drinking individuals' learning rate and performance accuracy, both which were associated with greater alcohol use. Imaging findings in the problem drinking group showed that negative emotions as a drinking motive predicted attenuated right anterior insula activation during proactive avoidance. In contrast, physical pain motive predicted reduced right putamen response. These regions' activations as well as functional connectivity with the somatomotor cortex also demonstrated a negative relationship with drinking severity and positive relationship with proactive avoidance performance. Path modeling further delineated the pathways through which physical pain and negative emotions influenced the neural and behavioral measures of proactive avoidance. Taken together, the current findings provide experimental evidence for proactive avoidance deficits in alcohol misuse and establish the link between their neural underpinnings and drinking behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thang M Le
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Takeyuki Oba
- Human Informatics and Interaction Research Institute, The National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Luke Couch
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Lauren McInerney
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Chiang-Shan R Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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Philips R, Baeken C, Billieux J, Harris JM, Maurage P, Muela I, Öz İT, Pabst A, Sescousse G, Vögele C, Brevers D. Brain mechanisms discriminating enactive mental simulations of running and plogging. Hum Brain Mapp 2024; 45:e26807. [PMID: 39185739 PMCID: PMC11345703 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Enactive cognition emphasizes co-constructive roles of humans and their environment in shaping cognitive processes. It is specifically engaged in the mental simulation of behaviors, enhancing the connection between perception and action. Here we investigated the core network of brain regions involved in enactive cognition as applied to mental simulations of physical exercise. We used a neuroimaging paradigm in which participants (N = 103) were required to project themselves running or plogging (running while picking-up litter) along an image-guided naturalistic trail. Using both univariate and multivariate brain imaging analyses, we find that a broad spectrum of brain activation discriminates between the mental simulation of plogging versus running. Critically, we show that self-reported ratings of daily life running engagement and the quality of mental simulation (how well participants were able to imagine themselves running) modulate the brain reactivity to plogging versus running. Finally, we undertook functional connectivity analyses centered on the insular cortex, which is a key region in the dynamic interplay between neurocognitive processes. This analysis revealed increased positive and negative patterns of insular-centered functional connectivity in the plogging condition (as compared to the running condition), thereby confirming the key role of the insular cortex in action simulation involving complex sets of mental mechanisms. Taken together, the present findings provide new insights into the brain networks involved in the enactive mental simulation of physical exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxane Philips
- Department of Behavioural and Cognitive Sciences, Institute for Health and BehaviourUniversity of LuxembourgEsch‐sur‐AlzetteLuxembourg
| | - Chris Baeken
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity Hospital, UZ BrusselBrusselsBelgium
- Ghent Experimental Psychiatry (GHEP) Lab, Department of Head and Skin, Ghent University HospitalGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
- Department of Electrical EngineeringEindhoven University of TechnologyEindhovenThe Netherlands
| | - Joël Billieux
- Institute of PsychologyUniversity of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
- Centre for Excessive Gambling, Addiction MedicineLausanne University Hospitals (CHUV)LausanneSwitzerland
| | - James Madog Harris
- Department of Behavioural and Cognitive Sciences, Institute for Health and BehaviourUniversity of LuxembourgEsch‐sur‐AlzetteLuxembourg
| | - Pierre Maurage
- Louvain Experimental Psychopathology Research Group (LEP)Psychological Sciences Research Institute, UCLouvainLouvain‐la‐NeuveBelgium
| | - Ismael Muela
- Department of Experimental Psychology; Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC)University of GranadaGranadaSpain
| | - İrem Tuğçe Öz
- Louvain Experimental Psychopathology Research Group (LEP)Psychological Sciences Research Institute, UCLouvainLouvain‐la‐NeuveBelgium
| | - Arthur Pabst
- Louvain Experimental Psychopathology Research Group (LEP)Psychological Sciences Research Institute, UCLouvainLouvain‐la‐NeuveBelgium
| | - Guillaume Sescousse
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, PSYR2 TeamUniversity of LyonLyonFrance
| | - Claus Vögele
- Department of Behavioural and Cognitive Sciences, Institute for Health and BehaviourUniversity of LuxembourgEsch‐sur‐AlzetteLuxembourg
| | - Damien Brevers
- Department of Behavioural and Cognitive Sciences, Institute for Health and BehaviourUniversity of LuxembourgEsch‐sur‐AlzetteLuxembourg
- Ghent Experimental Psychiatry (GHEP) Lab, Department of Head and Skin, Ghent University HospitalGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
- Louvain Experimental Psychopathology Research Group (LEP)Psychological Sciences Research Institute, UCLouvainLouvain‐la‐NeuveBelgium
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3
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Zhao H, Sun J, Zhang R, Jiang Y, Zhang Y, Feng T, Feng P. The functional connectivity between right insula and anterior cingulate cortex underlying the association between future self-continuity and delay discounting. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhae296. [PMID: 39042032 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhae296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Delay discounting refers to the tendency of individuals to devalue future rewards as the delay in their receipt increases over time. Previous studies have indicated that future self-continuity correlates with delay discounting rates. However, the neural basis underlying the relationship between future self-continuity and delay discounting is not clear. To address this question, we used voxel-based morphometry and resting-state functional connectivity analyses to investigate the neural basis underlying the association between future self-continuity and delay discounting. Behavioral result showed that future self-continuity was positively associated with delay discounting. Voxel-based morphometry analysis result indicated that gray matter volume in the right dorsal anterior insula was positively correlated with future self-continuity. Resting-state functional connectivity analysis found that functional connectivity between the right dorsal anterior insula and anterior cingulate cortex was positively associated with future self-continuity. Mediation analysis showed that the right dorsal anterior insula-right anterior cingulate cortex functional connectivity partially mediated the relationship between future self-continuity and delay discounting. These results suggested that right dorsal anterior insula-right anterior cingulate cortex functional connectivity could be the neural basis underlying the association between future self-continuity and delay discounting. In summary, the study provided novel insights into how future self-continuity affected delay discounting and offers new explanations from a neural perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengyue Zhao
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Jingjing Sun
- Zhenjiang Mental Health Center, No. 199, Tuanshan Road, Runzhou, Jiangsu, 212000, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yumeng Jiang
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yuetong Zhang
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Tingyong Feng
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Pan Feng
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
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Cirillo E, Zavattaro C, Gammeri R, Serra H, Ricci R, Berti A. Have I Been Touched? Subjective and Objective Aspects of Tactile Awareness. Brain Sci 2024; 14:653. [PMID: 39061394 PMCID: PMC11274638 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14070653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Somatosensory tactile experience is a key aspect of our interaction with the environment. It is involved in object manipulation, in the planning and control of actions and, in its affective components, in the relationships with other individuals. It is also a foundational component of body awareness. An intriguing aspect of sensory perception in general and tactile perception in particular is the way in which stimulation comes to consciousness. Indeed, although being aware of something seems a rather self-evident and monolithic aspect of our mental states, sensory awareness may be in fact modulated by many different processes that impact on the mere stimulation of the skin, including the way in which we perceive our bodies as belonging to us. In this review, we first took into consideration the pathological conditions of absence of phenomenal experience of touch, in the presence of implicit processing, as initial models for understanding the neural bases of conscious tactile experience. Subsequently, we discussed cases of tactile illusions both in normal subjects and in brain-damaged patients which help to understand which high-order processes impact tactile awareness. Finally, we discussed the observations reported in the review in light of some influential models of touch and body representation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Anna Berti
- Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Via Verdi 10, 10124 Turin, Italy; (E.C.); (C.Z.); (R.G.); (H.S.); (R.R.)
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Peng Y, Wang Z. Differential Cortical and Subcortical Activations during Different Stages of Muscle Control: A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study. Brain Sci 2024; 14:404. [PMID: 38672052 PMCID: PMC11048703 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14040404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Movement and muscle control are crucial for the survival of all free-living organisms. This study aimed to explore differential patterns of cortical and subcortical activation across different stages of muscle control using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). An event-related design was employed. In each trial, participants (n = 10) were instructed to gently press a button with their right index finger, hold it naturally for several seconds, and then relax the finger. Neural activation in these temporally separated stages was analyzed using a General Linear Model. Our findings revealed that a widely distributed cortical network, including the supplementary motor area and insula, was implicated not only in the pressing stage, but also in the relaxation stage, while only parts of the network were involved in the steady holding stage. Moreover, supporting the direct/indirect pathway model of the subcortical basal ganglia, their substructures played distinct roles in different stages of muscle control. The caudate nucleus exhibited greater involvement in muscle contraction, whereas the putamen demonstrated a stronger association with muscle relaxation; both structures were implicated in the pressing stage. Furthermore, the subthalamic nucleus was exclusively engaged during the muscle relaxation stage. We conclude that even the control of simple muscle movements involves intricate automatic higher sensory-motor integration at a neural level, particularly when coordinating relative muscle movements, including both muscle contraction and muscle relaxation; the cortical and subcortical regions assume distinct yet coordinated roles across different stages of muscle control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Peng
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (MOE & STCSM), Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China;
| | - Zhaoxin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (MOE & STCSM), Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China;
- Shanghai Changning Mental Health Center, Shanghai 200355, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
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Ait Bentaleb K, Boisvert M, Tourjman V, Potvin S. A Meta-Analysis of Functional Neuroimaging Studies of Ketamine Administration in Healthy Volunteers. J Psychoactive Drugs 2024; 56:211-224. [PMID: 36921026 DOI: 10.1080/02791072.2023.2190758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Ketamine administration leads to a psychotomimetic state when taken in large bolus doses, making it a valid model of psychosis. Therefore, understanding ketamine's effects on brain functioning is particularly relevant. This meta-analysis focused on neuroimaging studies that examined ketamine-induced brain activation at rest and during a task. Included are 10 resting-state studies and 23 task-based studies, 9 of which were measuring executive functions. Using a stringent statistical threshold (TFCE <0.05), the results showed increased activity at rest in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), and increased activation of the right Heschl's gyrus during executive tasks, following ketamine administration. Uncorrected results showed increased activation at rest in the right (anterior) insula and the right-fusiform gyrus, as well as increased activation during executive tasks in the rostral ACC. Rest-state studies highlighted alterations in core hubs of the salience network, while task-based studies suggested an impact on task-irrelevant brain regions. Increased activation in the rostral ACC may indicate a failure to deactivate the default mode network during executive tasks following ketamine administration. The results are coherent with alterations found in schizophrenia, which confer external validity to the ketamine model of psychosis. Studies investigating the neural mechanisms of ketamine's antidepressant action are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Ait Bentaleb
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- Department of psychiatry and addiction, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Mélanie Boisvert
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- Department of psychiatry and addiction, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Valérie Tourjman
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- Department of psychiatry and addiction, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Stéphane Potvin
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- Department of psychiatry and addiction, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
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Serrada I, Williams L, Hordacre B, Hillier S. Key constructs of body awareness impairments post-stroke: a scoping review of assessment tools and interventions. Disabil Rehabil 2023; 45:3177-3198. [PMID: 36189909 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2022.2123053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To summarise body awareness assessment tools and interventions relevant for stroke rehabilitation using a framework that categorises key body awareness constructs, disorders and impairments. MATERIALS AND METHODS Online electronic databases and trial registries were searched from inception until July 2021, in addition to hand searching reference lists of included studies and reviews. Study selection included any study design where the investigation involved assessing and/or intervening in body awareness following stroke. Data were extracted based on predefined criteria by two independent reviewers and mapped to the emergent framework. RESULTS The final analysis included 144 papers that reported 43 assessment tools and 8 types of interventions for body awareness. Consensus was reached on a synthesised body awareness framework. This comprised specific impairments and disorders, constructs, sub-categories and main categories leading to the overarching term of body awareness. Clinical and psychometric properties of the assessment tools were not reported or poorly evaluated, and the interventions lacked robust study designs and rigorous methods. CONCLUSIONS The framework produced will enable future research and clinical practice to be based on consistent concepts and definitions. Clinicians can also use this information to cautiously select assessment tools and/or interventions but are reminded of the limitations identified in this review.Implications for rehabilitationThere is limited understanding, compounded by inconsistent terminology and definitions regarding body awareness after stroke.A synthesized framework to define key constructs and definitions of body awareness is proposed.Assessment tools and interventions reported in the literature are mapped to the proposed framework.Psychometric properties of available tools are reported.Significant work remains to refine concepts of body awareness, develop and evaluate assessment tools and interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Serrada
- Allied Health and Human Performance, Innovation, Implementation and Clinical Translation (IIMPACT) in Health, University of South Australia, City East Campus, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Lindy Williams
- Allied Health and Human Performance, Innovation, Implementation and Clinical Translation (IIMPACT) in Health, University of South Australia, City East Campus, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Brenton Hordacre
- Allied Health and Human Performance, Innovation, Implementation and Clinical Translation (IIMPACT) in Health, University of South Australia, City East Campus, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Susan Hillier
- Allied Health and Human Performance, Innovation, Implementation and Clinical Translation (IIMPACT) in Health, University of South Australia, City East Campus, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Blackwood J, Carpentier S, Deng W, Van de Winckel A. Preliminary Rasch analysis of the multidimensional assessment of interoceptive awareness in adults with stroke. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0286657. [PMID: 37267348 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness (MAIA) measures interoceptive body awareness, which includes aspects such as attention regulation, self-regulation, and body listening. Our purpose was to perform a preliminary validation of the MAIA in adults with stroke using Rasch Measurement Theory. METHODS The original MAIA has 32 items that measure interoceptive sensibility, which is an aspect of body awareness. We performed a preliminary analysis with Rasch Measurement Theory to evaluate the unidimensionality and structural validity of the scale. We investigated overall fit to assess unidimensionality, person and item fit, person separation reliability, targeting, local item dependence, and principal components analysis of residuals. RESULTS Forty-one adults with chronic stroke (average 3.8 years post-stroke, 13 women, average age 57±13 years) participated in the study. Overall fit (χ 2 = 62.26, p = 0.26) and item fit were obtained after deleting 3 items and rescoring 26 items. One participant did not fit the model (2.44%). There were no floor (0.00%) or ceiling effects (0.00%). Local item dependence was found in 42 pairs. The person separation reliability was 0.91, and the person mean location was 0.06±1.12 logits. CONCLUSIONS The preliminary structural validity of the MAIA demonstrated good targeting and reliability, as well as unidimensionality, and good item and person fit in adults with chronic stroke. A study with a larger sample size is needed to validate our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jena Blackwood
- Division of Rehabilitation Science, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Sydney Carpentier
- Division of Rehabilitation Science, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Wei Deng
- Division of Rehabilitation Science, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Ann Van de Winckel
- Division of Physical Therapy, Division of Rehabilitation Science, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
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Civier O, Sourty M, Calamante F. MFCSC: Novel method to calculate mismatch between functional and structural brain connectomes, and its application for detecting hemispheric functional specialisations. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3485. [PMID: 36882426 PMCID: PMC9992688 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17213-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
We introduce a novel connectomics method, MFCSC, that integrates information on structural connectivity (SC) from diffusion MRI tractography and functional connectivity (FC) from functional MRI, at individual subject level. The MFCSC method is based on the fact that SC only broadly predicts FC, and for each connection in the brain, the method calculates a value that quantifies the mismatch that often still exists between the two modalities. To capture underlying physiological properties, MFCSC minimises biases in SC and addresses challenges with the multimodal analysis, including by using a data-driven normalisation approach. We ran MFCSC on data from the Human Connectome Project and used the output to detect pairs of left and right unilateral connections that have distinct relationship between structure and function in each hemisphere; we suggest that this reflects cases of hemispheric functional specialisation. In conclusion, the MFCSC method provides new information on brain organisation that may not be inferred from an analysis that considers SC and FC separately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oren Civier
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia. .,Swinburne Neuroimaging, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Marion Sourty
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Fernando Calamante
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Imaging, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Cocchini G, Scandola M, Gobbetto V, Cioffi MC, Bartolo A, Moore J, Moro V. The 'healthy side' of anosognosia for hemiplegia: Increased sense of agency for the unimpaired limb or motor compensation? Neuropsychologia 2022; 177:108421. [PMID: 36370826 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2022.108421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Anosognosic patients show a lack of awareness for their hemiplegia coupled with a distorted sense of agency for the actions performed by the plegic limbs. Since anosognosia is often associated with right brain damage, this hemisphere seems to play a dominant role in monitoring awareness for motor actions. Therefore, we would expect that anosognosic patients show distorted awareness and sense of agency also for actions performed with the unimpaired limb. METHOD To test this hypothesis, we induced illusory actions that could be congruent or incongruent with a preceding verbal command. A group of 16 right brain-damaged patients performed this task and then rated i) their ability to anticipate the actions, ii) their sense of agency and iii) their sense of ownership for each limb. Measures of awareness, neglect and motor impairment were also considered for the patient group. RESULTS Following incongruent actions with the unimpaired limb, less aware patients showed a relatively mild distortion in all three aspects. In addition, we also found a crucial relationship between motor impairment (for the plegic limb) and sense of agency for both plegic and healthy limbs. CONCLUSION Although the distortion linked to both limbs supports the initial hypothesis that the right hemisphere is responsible for monitoring awareness for action for the whole body, our data also suggest that the observed distortion may be linked to a motor compensatory phenomenon, not necessarily related to awareness processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Valeria Gobbetto
- Department of Human Sciences, Verona University, Italy; IRCSS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria, Negrar Verona, Italy
| | | | - Angela Bartolo
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 9193 - SCALab - Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives, F-59000 Lille, France; Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), France
| | - James Moore
- Psychology Department, Goldsmiths University of London, UK
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Nagashima K, Nakata H, Harada T, Kato I, Sadato N. Differences in the neural networks of thermal sensation with and without evaluation process. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2022; 13:274-283. [PMID: 36176319 PMCID: PMC9513600 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2022.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Several neuroimaging studies have analyzed the neural networks involved in thermal sensation. In some of these studies, participants were instructed to evaluate and report the thermal sensation using a point scale, visual analog scale, or other psychophysical rating tool while the imaging data were obtained. Therefore, the imaging data may reflect signals involved in the processes of both sensation and evaluation. The present study aimed to discriminate the neural networks involved in identifying different temperature stimuli and the two different processes by using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). We applied four different thermal stimuli (“hot,” 40C; “warm,” 36 °C, “cool,” 27 °C; and “cold,” 22 °C) to the left forearm using Peltier apparatus. During the stimuli, participants were instructed to either evaluate (evaluation task) or not evaluate (no-evaluation task) and report the thermal sensation. We found brain activation in the medial prefrontal cortex/anterior cingulate gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus, bilateral insula, and posterior parietal cortex during the four thermal stimuli both with and without the evaluation task. Additionally, the stimuli with the evaluation task induced stronger and broader activation, including the right fronto-parietal and anterior insula regions. These results indicate that thermal stimulation activates the common neural networks, independent of the thermal conditions and evaluation process. Moreover, the evaluation process may increase the attention to the thermal stimuli, resulting in the activation of the right lateralized ventral attentional network. Neural networks involved in thermal sensation were assessed by functional MRI. Warm or cold stimulation was applied to the left forearm. The stimulation was conducted with or without the evaluation of the sensation. Greater activation of a right-lateralized attention network was induced by the evaluation process. A common neural network was found, which was activated by both warm and cold stimuli.
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Qi L, Xu C, Wang X, Du J, He Q, Wu D, Wang X, Jin G, Wang Q, Chen J, Wang D, Zhang H, Zhang X, Wei P, Shan Y, Cui Z, Wang Y, Shu Y, Zhao G, Yu T, Ren L. Intracranial direct electrical mapping reveals the functional architecture of the human basal ganglia. Commun Biol 2022; 5:1123. [PMID: 36274105 PMCID: PMC9588773 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04084-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The basal ganglia play a key role in integrating a variety of human behaviors through the cortico–basal ganglia–thalamo–cortical loops. Accordingly, basal ganglia disturbances are implicated in a broad range of debilitating neuropsychiatric disorders. Despite accumulating knowledge of the basal ganglia functional organization, the neural substrates and circuitry subserving functions have not been directly mapped in humans. By direct electrical stimulation of distinct basal ganglia regions in 35 refractory epilepsy patients undergoing stereoelectroencephalography recordings, we here offer currently the most complete overview of basal ganglia functional characterization, extending not only to the expected sensorimotor responses, but also to vestibular sensations, autonomic responses, cognitive and multimodal effects. Specifically, some locations identified responses weren’t predicted by the model derived from large-scale meta-analyses. Our work may mark an important step toward understanding the functional architecture of the human basal ganglia and provide mechanistic explanations of non-motor symptoms in brain circuit disorders. Direct electrical stimulation of the basal ganglia using implanted SEEG electrodes produced a variety of motor and non-motor effects in human participants, providing insight into the functional architecture of this key brain region.
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The sense of agency for brain disorders: A comprehensive review and proposed framework. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 139:104759. [PMID: 35780975 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Sense of Agency (SoA) refers to the feeling of control over voluntary actions and the outcomes of those actions. Several brain disorders are characterized by an abnormal SoA. To date, there is no robust treatment for aberrant agency across disorders; this is, in large part, due to gaps in our understanding of the cognitive mechanisms and neural correlates of the SoA. This apparent gap stems from a lack of synthesis in established findings. As such, the current review reconciles previously established findings into a novel neurocognitive framework for future investigations of the SoA in brain disorders, which we term the Agency in Brain Disorders Framework (ABDF). In doing so, we highlight key top-down and bottom-up cues that contribute to agency prospectively (i.e., prior to action execution) and retrospectively (i.e., after action execution). We then examine brain disorders, including schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorders (ASD), obsessive-compulsive disorders (OCD), and cortico-basal syndrome (CBS), within the ABDF, to demonstrate its potential utility in investigating neurocognitive mechanisms underlying phenotypically variable presentations of the SoA in brain disorders.
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14
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Bourgeon-Ghittori I, Couette M, Marini S, Ouedraogo R, Alves A, Razazi K, Carras D, Pallud AC, Kentish-Barnes N, Mekontso Dessap A. Corporeal rehabilitation to manage acute stress in critically ill patients. Ann Intensive Care 2022; 12:49. [PMID: 35689146 PMCID: PMC9187824 DOI: 10.1186/s13613-022-01019-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Intensive care unit (ICU) patients often endure discomfort and distress brought about by their medical environment and the subjective experience of their stay. Distress, pain, and loss of control are important predictors of future neuropsychiatric disorders. Depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress are common after discharge. We aimed at mitigating acute stress and discomfort via a novel intervention based on body image rehabilitation and rehabilitation of senses performed following a holistic approach guided by positive communication (corporeal rehabilitation care, CRC). Results We conducted a prospective observational study on 297 consecutively enrolled patients participating in at least one CRC session. Benefits of CRC were assessed on both subjective analogical scales of stress, pain, and well-being criteria, and objective clinical measures of dyspnea, respiratory rate, and systolic arterial pressure, just after CRC and long after (a median of 72 min later) to estimate its remote effect. Results showed that CRC had a positive effect on all overt measures of distress (acute stress, pain, discomfort) just after CRC and remotely. This beneficial effect was also observed on dyspnea and respiratory rate. Results also showed that best CRC responders had higher baseline values of stress and heart rate and lower baseline values of well-being score, indicating that the care targeted the population most at risk of developing psychological sequelae. Interestingly, a positive CRC response was associated with a better survival even after adjustment for physiologic severity, indicating a potential to identify patients prompt to better respond to other therapeutics and/or rehabilitation. Conclusion This study demonstrated the feasibility of an innovative holistic patient-centered care approach and its short-term positive effects on critical parameters that are considered risk factors for post-intensive care syndrome. Further studies are warranted to study long-term benefits for patients, and overall benefits for relatives as well as ICU staff.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irma Bourgeon-Ghittori
- Groupe de recherche CARMAS, Univ Paris Est Créteil, 94010, Créteil, France.,INSERM, IMRB, Univ Paris Est Créteil, 94010, Créteil, France.,DMU SAPHIRE, AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri-Mondor, 94010, Créteil, France
| | - Maryline Couette
- Groupe de recherche CARMAS, Univ Paris Est Créteil, 94010, Créteil, France.,Service de Médecine Intensive Réanimation, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri-Mondor, AP-HP, 1 Rue Gustavec Eiffel, 94010, Créteil, France
| | - Sylvie Marini
- Service de Médecine Intensive Réanimation, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri-Mondor, AP-HP, 1 Rue Gustavec Eiffel, 94010, Créteil, France
| | - Rachida Ouedraogo
- Service de Médecine Intensive Réanimation, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri-Mondor, AP-HP, 1 Rue Gustavec Eiffel, 94010, Créteil, France
| | - Aline Alves
- Service de Médecine Intensive Réanimation, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri-Mondor, AP-HP, 1 Rue Gustavec Eiffel, 94010, Créteil, France
| | - Keyvan Razazi
- Groupe de recherche CARMAS, Univ Paris Est Créteil, 94010, Créteil, France.,INSERM, IMRB, Univ Paris Est Créteil, 94010, Créteil, France.,Service de Médecine Intensive Réanimation, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri-Mondor, AP-HP, 1 Rue Gustavec Eiffel, 94010, Créteil, France
| | - Damien Carras
- Service de Médecine Intensive Réanimation, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri-Mondor, AP-HP, 1 Rue Gustavec Eiffel, 94010, Créteil, France
| | - Ann-Cecile Pallud
- Service de Médecine Intensive Réanimation, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri-Mondor, AP-HP, 1 Rue Gustavec Eiffel, 94010, Créteil, France
| | - Nancy Kentish-Barnes
- Groupe de Recherche Famiréa, Service de Médecine Intensive Réanimation, CHU Saint-Louis, AP-HP, 94010, Paris, France
| | - Armand Mekontso Dessap
- Groupe de recherche CARMAS, Univ Paris Est Créteil, 94010, Créteil, France. .,INSERM, IMRB, Univ Paris Est Créteil, 94010, Créteil, France. .,Service de Médecine Intensive Réanimation, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri-Mondor, AP-HP, 1 Rue Gustavec Eiffel, 94010, Créteil, France.
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15
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Transcutaneous spinal stimulation alters cortical and subcortical activation patterns during mimicked-standing: A proof-of-concept fMRI study. NEUROIMAGE: REPORTS 2022; 2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ynirp.2022.100090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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16
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Lawn T, Dipasquale O, Vamvakas A, Tsougos I, Mehta MA, Howard MA. Differential contributions of serotonergic and dopaminergic functional connectivity to the phenomenology of LSD. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2022; 239:1797-1808. [PMID: 35322297 PMCID: PMC9166846 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-022-06117-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE LSD is the prototypical psychedelic. Despite a clear central role of the 5HT2a receptor in its mechanism of action, the contributions of additional receptors for which it shows affinity and agonist activity remain unclear. OBJECTIVES We employed receptor-enriched analysis of functional connectivity by targets (REACT) to explore differences in functional connectivity (FC) associated with the distributions of the primary targets of LSD-the 5HT1a, 5HT1b, 5HT2a, D1 and D2 receptors. METHODS We performed secondary analyses of an openly available dataset (N = 15) to estimate the LSD-induced alterations in receptor-enriched FC maps associated with these systems. Principal component analysis (PCA) was employed as a dimension reduction strategy for subjective experiences associated with LSD captured by the Altered States of Consciousness (ASC) questionnaire. Correlations between these principal components as well as VAS ratings of subjective effects with receptor-enriched FC were explored. RESULTS Compared to placebo, LSD produced differences in FC when the analysis was enriched with each of the primary serotonergic and dopaminergic receptors. Altered receptor-enriched FC showed relationships with the subjective effects of LSD on conscious experience, with serotonergic and dopaminergic systems being predominantly associated with perceptual effects and perceived selfhood as well as cognition respectively. These relationships were dissociable, with different receptors showing the same relationships within, but not between, the serotonergic and dopaminergic systems. CONCLUSIONS These exploratory findings provide new insights into the pharmacology of LSD and highlight the need for additional investigation of non-5HT2a-mediated mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Lawn
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Ottavia Dipasquale
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Alexandros Vamvakas
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
- Medical Physics Department, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Ioannis Tsougos
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
- Medical Physics Department, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Mitul A. Mehta
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Matthew A. Howard
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
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17
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Zhou H, Gao Q, Chen W, Wei Q. Action Understanding Promoted by Interoception in Children: A Developmental Model. Front Psychol 2022; 13:724677. [PMID: 35264994 PMCID: PMC8900726 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.724677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Action understanding of children develops from simple associative learning to mentalizing. With the rise of embodied cognition, the role of interoception in action observation and action understanding has received more attention. From a developmental perspective, this study proposes a novel developmental model that explores how interoception promotes action understanding of children across ages. In early infancy, most actions observed in infants come from interactions with their caregivers. Babies learn about action effects through automatic interoceptive processing and interoceptive feedback. Interoception in early infancy is not fully developed, such as the not fully developed gastrointestinal tract and intestinal nervous system. Therefore, in early infancy, action understanding is based on low-level and original interoceptive information. At this stage, after observing the actions of others, infants can create mental representations or even imitate actions without external visual feedback, which requires interoception to provide internal reference information. By early childhood, children begin to infer action intentions of other people by integrating various types of information to reach the mentalizing level. Interoception processing requires the integration of multiple internal signals, which promotes the information integration ability of children. Interoception also provides inner information for reasoning about action intention. This review also discussed the neural mechanisms of interoception and possible ways by which it could promote action understanding of children. In early infancy, the central autonomic neural network (CAN) automatically processes and responds to the actions of caregivers on infants, providing interoceptive information for action understanding of infants. In infancy, the growth of the somatomotor system provides important internal reference information for observing and imitating the actions of infants. In early childhood, the development of interoception of children facilitates the integration of internal and external information, which promotes the mentalization of action understanding of children. According to the proposed developmental model of action understanding of children promoted by interoception, there are multilevel and stage-dependent characteristics that impact the role of interoception in action understanding of children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhou
- Center for Brain, Mind and Education, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
- Department of Psychology, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Qiyang Gao
- Center for Brain, Mind and Education, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
- Department of Psychology, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Center for Brain, Mind and Education, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
- Department of Psychology, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Qiaobo Wei
- Center for Brain, Mind and Education, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
- Department of Psychology, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
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18
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Systematic studies about the impact of unilateral brain damage on the different body representations (body schema, body structural representation, and body semantics) are still rare. Aim of this study was to evaluate body representation deficits in a relatively large sample of patients with unilateral brain damage and to investigate the impact of right or left brain damage on body representations (BRs), independently from deficits in other cognitive processes. METHOD Sixty-four patients with unilateral stroke (22 with left brain damage, LBD; 31 with right brain damage without neglect, RBD-N; 11 with right brain damage with neglect, RBD+N) and 41 healthy individuals underwent a specific battery including BR as well as control tasks. RESULTS In more than a third of the sample, selective (37.5%) and pure (31%) deficits of BR were presented and equally distributed among the different BRs (˜10% for each representation), with selective (27.2%) and pure (22.7%) body schema deficit mainly presented after left brain damage. As a group, patients with unilateral brain damage, independently of the side of lesion (LBD, RBD-N, RBD+N), had significantly worse performance on body structural representation with respect to healthy individuals, whereas LBD had numerically worse performance on body schema with respect to healthy individuals and RBD-N. No significant differences among groups were found on body semantics. CONCLUSION BR deficits are not a rare consequence of unilateral brain damage and are independent of a more general cognitive dysfunction. Accordingly, the need for an accurate assessment and specific neuropsychological training in clinical settings is discussed.
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19
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Fabri M, Pierpaoli C, Foschi N, Polonara G. Is the Imitative Competence an Asymmetrically Distributed Function? Front Syst Neurosci 2021; 15:791520. [PMID: 35002644 PMCID: PMC8738096 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2021.791520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study reconsiders behavioral and functional data from studies investigating the anatomical imitation (AI) and the related mental rotation (MR) competence, carried out by our group in healthy subjects, with intact interhemispheric connections, and in split-brain patients, completely or partially lacking callosal connections. The results strongly point to the conclusion that AI and MR competence requires interhemispheric communication, mainly occurring through the corpus callosum, which is the largest white matter structure in the human brain. The results are discussed in light of previous studies and of future implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Fabri
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | | | - Nicoletta Foschi
- Neurological Clinic, Epilepsy Centre, Ancona University Hospital Umberto I, Ancona, Italy
| | - Gabriele Polonara
- Department of Odontostomatologic and Specialized Clinical Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
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20
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Nilsson M, Kalckert A. Region-of-interest analysis approaches in neuroimaging studies of body ownership: An activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 54:7974-7988. [PMID: 34796572 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
How do we feel that we own our body? By manipulating the integration of multisensory signals and creating the illusory experience of owning external body parts and entire bodies, researchers have investigated the neurofunctional correlates of body ownership. Recent attempts to synthesize the neuroimaging literature of body ownership through meta-analysis have shown partly inconsistent results. A large proportion of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) findings on body ownership include analyses based on regions of interest (ROIs). This approach can produce inflated findings when results are synthesized in meta-analyses. We conducted a systematic search of the fMRI literature of ownership of body parts and entire bodies. Three activation likelihood estimation (ALE) meta-analyses were conducted, testing the impact of including ROI-based findings. When both whole-brain and ROI-based results were included, frontal and posterior parietal multisensory areas were associated with body ownership. When only ROI-based results were included, larger areas of the frontal and posterior parietal cortices and the middle occipital gyrus were associated with body ownership. A whole-brain meta-analysis, excluding ROI-based results, found no significant convergence of activation across the brain. These findings highlight the difficulty of quantitatively synthesizing a neuroimaging field where a large part of the literature is based on findings from ROI-based analyses. We discuss these findings in the light of current practices within this field of research and highlight current problems of meta-analytic approaches of body ownership. We recommend the sharing of unthresholded data as a means to facilitate future meta-analyses of the neuroimaging literature of body ownership.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Nilsson
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience and Philosophy, Institute of Bioscience, University of Skövde, Skövde, Sweden
| | - Andreas Kalckert
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience and Philosophy, Institute of Bioscience, University of Skövde, Skövde, Sweden
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21
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Chilvers MJ, Hawe RL, Scott SH, Dukelow SP. Investigating the neuroanatomy underlying proprioception using a stroke model. J Neurol Sci 2021; 430:120029. [PMID: 34695704 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2021.120029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Neuroanatomical investigations have associated cortical areas, beyond Primary Somatosensory Cortex (S1), with impaired proprioception. Cortical regions have included temporoparietal (TP) regions (supramarginal gyrus, superior temporal gyrus, Heschl's gyrus) and insula. Previous approaches have struggled to account for concurrent damage across multiple brain regions. Here, we used a targeted lesion analysis approach to examine the impact of specific combinations of cortical and sub-cortical lesions and quantified the prevalence of proprioceptive impairments when different regions are damaged or spared. Seventy-seven individuals with stroke (49 male; 28 female) were identified meeting prespecified lesion criteria based on MRI/CT imaging: 1) TP lesions without S1, 2) TP lesions with S1, 3) isolated S1 lesions, 4) isolated insula lesions, and 5) lesions not impacting these regions (other regions group). Initially, participants meeting these criteria (1-4) were grouped together into right or left lesion groups and compared to each other, and the other regions group (5), on a robotic Arm Position Matching (APM) task and a Kinesthesia (KIN) task. We then examined the behaviour of individuals that met each specific criteria (groups 1-5). Proprioceptive impairments were more prevalent following right hemisphere lesions than left hemisphere lesions. The extent of damage to TP regions correlated with performance on both robotic tasks. Even without concurrent S1 lesions, TP and insular lesions were associated with impairments on the APM and KIN tasks. Finally, lesions not impacting these regions were much less likely to result in impairments. This study highlights the critical importance of TP and insular regions for accurate proprioception. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This work advances our understanding of the neuroanatomy of human proprioception. We validate the importance of regions, beyond the dorsal column medial lemniscal pathway and S1, for proprioception. Further, we provide additional evidence of the importance of the right hemisphere for human proprioception. Improved knowledge on the neuroanatomy of proprioception is crucial for advancing therapeutic approaches which target individuals with proprioceptive impairments following neurological injury or with neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Chilvers
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada.
| | - Rachel L Hawe
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, 1900 University Ave SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Stephen H Scott
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queens University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Sean P Dukelow
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada.
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22
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Kim JH, Kim J, Yeon J, Park JY, Chung D, Kim SP. Neural correlates of tactile hardness intensity perception during active grasping. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11760. [PMID: 34414027 PMCID: PMC8340901 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
While tactile sensation plays an essential role in interactions with the surroundings, relatively little is known about the neural processes involved in the perception of tactile information. In particular, it remains unclear how different intensities of tactile hardness are represented in the human brain during object manipulation. This study aims to investigate neural responses to various levels of tactile hardness using functional magnetic resonance imaging while people grasp objects to perceive hardness intensity. We used four items with different hardness levels but otherwise identical in shape and texture. A total of Twenty-five healthy volunteers participated in this study. Before scanning, participants performed a behavioral task in which they received a pair of stimuli and they were to report the perceived difference of hardness between them. During scanning, without any visual information, they were randomly given one of the four objects and asked to grasp it. We found significant blood oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) responses in the posterior insula in the right hemisphere (rpIns) and the right posterior lobe of the cerebellum (rpCerebellum), which parametrically tracked hardness intensity. These responses were supported by BOLD signal changes in the rpCerebellum and rpIns correlating with tactile hardness intensity. Multidimensional scaling analysis showed similar representations of hardness intensity among physical, perceptual, and neural information. Our findings demonstrate the engagement of the rpCerebellum and rpIns in perceiving tactile hardness intensity during active object manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hyun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Junsuk Kim
- Department of Industrial ICT Engineering, Dong Eui University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwon Yeon
- Department of Psychology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Jang-Yeon Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongil Chung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Phil Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
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23
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Kim SM, Han DH. Comparison of brain activity within the sensorimotor network between sports players and patients with somatic symptom disorder. J Psychosom Res 2021; 147:110534. [PMID: 34091376 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2021.110534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to identify differences in brain functional connectivity (FC) and characteristics of body sensation between sports players and patients with somatic symptom disorder (SSD), in order to investigate the neurobiological basis of SSD. METHODS Thirty-five sports players (SPORTS group), 36 patients with SSD (SOM group), and 33 healthy control participants (HC group) underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. We used a seed-based FC analysis. RESULTS Both groups showed increased brain activity in the left precuneus. The level of body intelligence in the SPORTS group and the level of somatosensory amplification in the SOM group were positively correlated with brain activity in the left precuneus. The SPORTS group showed increased FC between the left precuneus and the right/left insula compared to the HC group. The SOM group showed increased FC between the left precuneus and the right parahippocampal gyrus compared to the HC group. The SPORTS group showed increased FC between the left precuneus and left posterior cingulate gyrus compared to the SOM group. CONCLUSION Increased FC between the precuneus within the default mode network (DMN) and the insula connected to the sensorimotor network in sports players may be related to better somatosensory functions. In contrast, increased FC between the precuneus of the DMN and the parahippocampal gyrus of the affective network in SSD may be associated with dysfunctional processing and misconception of information. Future studies should examine whether treatments for improving affective processing normalize the affective network, and if this is correlated with somatic symptom improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Mi Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Doug Hyun Han
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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24
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Öz F, Acer N, Katayıfçı N, Aytaç G, Karaali K, Sindel M. The role of lateralisation and sex on insular cortex: 3D volumetric analysis. Turk J Med Sci 2021; 51:1240-1248. [PMID: 33754648 PMCID: PMC8283486 DOI: 10.3906/sag-2010-137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/aim The insula has attracted the attention of many neuroimaging studies because of its key role between brain structures. However, the number of studies investigating the effect of sex and laterality on insular volume is insufficient. The aim of this study was to investigate the differences in insular volume between sexes and hemispheres. Materials and methods A total of 47 healthy participants [24 males (20.08 ± 1.44 years) and 23 females (19.57 ± 0.90 years)] underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Imaging was performed using the 3T MRI scanner. The insular volume was measured using the Individual Brain Atlases using Statistical Parametric Mapping (IBASPM); total intracranial, cerebral, grey and white matter volumes were measured using volBrain. Results The right insular volume was significantly higher than the left insular volume in the participants, and the left cerebral volume was significantly higher than the right cerebral volume (p < 0.05). The total brain, total cerebral, left and right insular, and cerebral volumes were significantly larger in males than in females (p
<
0.001). Also, the ratios of the insular volume to total brain and cerebral volume were significantly higher in males than in females (p
<
0.05). Conclusion This study shows that insular volume differs with laterality and sex. This outcome may be explained by the anatomical relationship between the insula and behavioural functions and emotional reactions and the fact that the right side of the brain is best at expressive and creative tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Öz
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Niyazi Acer
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Arel University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Nihan Katayıfçı
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Güneş Aytaç
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, TOBB University of Economics & Technology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kamil Karaali
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Muzaffer Sindel
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, TOBB University of Economics & Technology, Ankara, Turkey
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Raimo S, Di Vita A, Boccia M, Iona T, Cropano M, Gaita M, Guariglia C, Grossi D, Palermo L. The Body across the Lifespan: On the Relation between Interoceptive Sensibility and High-Order Body Representations. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11040493. [PMID: 33924634 PMCID: PMC8070580 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11040493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Interoceptive information plays a pivotal role in building higher-order cognitive body representations (BR) that neuropsychological and neuroimaging evidence classifies as action-oriented (i.e., body schema) or non-action-oriented (i.e., visuo-spatial body map). This study aimed to explore the development of BR, considering the association with the interoceptive sensibility throughout the lifespan. Methods: Two hundred thirty-nine healthy participants divided into five age groups (7 to 8 years; 9 to 10 years; 18 to 40 years; 41 to 60 years; over 60 years) completed a self-report measure of interoceptive sensibility (the Self-Awareness Questionnaire; SAQ) and were given tasks assessing the two BR (action-oriented: hand laterality task; non-action-oriented: frontal body evocation task). Results: Both children (7–8 and 9–10 years) and older adults (over 60 years) performed worse than young (18–40 years) and middle-aged adults (41–60 years) in action- and non-action-oriented BR tasks. Moderation analyses showed that the SAQ score significantly moderated the relationship between age and action-oriented BR. Conclusions: The current results are consistent with inverted U-shaped developmental curves for action- and non-action-oriented BR. As an innovative aspect, the ability to mentally represent one’s own body parts in diverse states could be negatively affected by higher interoceptive sensibility levels in childhood and late adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Raimo
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania ‘Luigi Vanvitelli’, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (M.C.); (D.G.)
- Correspondence: (S.R.); (L.P.); Tel.: +39-0961-3694362 (L.P.)
| | - Antonella Di Vita
- Department of Human Neuroscience, ‘Sapienza’ University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Maddalena Boccia
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.B.); (C.G.)
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Teresa Iona
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University ‘Magna Graecia’ of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Maria Cropano
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania ‘Luigi Vanvitelli’, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (M.C.); (D.G.)
| | - Mariachiara Gaita
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University ‘Magna Graecia’ of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Cecilia Guariglia
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.B.); (C.G.)
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Dario Grossi
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania ‘Luigi Vanvitelli’, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (M.C.); (D.G.)
| | - Liana Palermo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University ‘Magna Graecia’ of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
- Correspondence: (S.R.); (L.P.); Tel.: +39-0961-3694362 (L.P.)
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Shimon-Raz O, Salomon R, Bloch M, Aisenberg Romano G, Yeshurun Y, Ulmer Yaniv A, Zagoory-Sharon O, Feldman R. Mother brain is wired for social moments. eLife 2021; 10:e59436. [PMID: 33764299 PMCID: PMC8026217 DOI: 10.7554/elife.59436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Reorganization of the maternal brain upon childbirth triggers the species-typical maternal social behavior. These brief social moments carry profound effects on the infant's brain and likely have a distinct signature in the maternal brain. Utilizing a double-blind, within-subject oxytocin/placebo administration crossover design, mothers' brain was imaged twice using fMRI while observing three naturalistic maternal-infant contexts in the home ecology; 'unavailable', 'unresponsive', and 'social', when mothers engaged in synchronous peek-a-boo play. The social condition elicited greater neural response across the human caregiving network, including amygdala, VTA, hippocampus, insula, ACC, and temporal cortex. Oxytocin impacted neural response primarily to the social condition and attenuated differences between social and non-social stimuli. Greater temporal consistency emerged in the 'social' condition across the two imaging sessions, particularly in insula, amygdala, and TP. Findings describe how mother's brain varies by caregiving experiences and gives salience to moments of social synchrony that support infant development and brain maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ortal Shimon-Raz
- IDC Herzliya, Bar Ilan UniversityRamat GanIsrael
- Department of Psychology, Bar Ilan UniversityRamat GanIsrael
| | - Roy Salomon
- Gonda Brain Research Center, Bar Ilan UniversityRamat GanIsrael
| | - Miki Bloch
- Department of Psychiatry, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical CenterTel AvivIsrael
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | - Gabi Aisenberg Romano
- Department of Psychiatry, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical CenterTel AvivIsrael
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | - Yaara Yeshurun
- School of Psychological Sciences, Tel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | - Adi Ulmer Yaniv
- IDC Herzliya, Bar Ilan UniversityRamat GanIsrael
- Gonda Brain Research Center, Bar Ilan UniversityRamat GanIsrael
| | | | - Ruth Feldman
- IDC Herzliya, Bar Ilan UniversityRamat GanIsrael
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Abstract
Body representations are readily expanded based on sensorimotor experience. A dynamic view of body representations, however, holds that these representations cannot only be expanded but that they can also be narrowed down by disembodying elements of the body representation that are no longer warranted. Here we induced illusory ownership in terms of a moving rubber hand illusion and studied the maintenance of this illusion across different conditions. We observed ownership experience to decrease gradually unless participants continued to receive confirmatory multisensory input. Moreover, a single instance of multisensory mismatch – a hammer striking the rubber hand but not the real hand – triggered substantial and immediate disembodiment. Together, these findings support and extend previous theoretical efforts to model body representations through basic mechanisms of multisensory integration. They further support an updating model suggesting that embodied entities fade from the body representation if they are not refreshed continuously.
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28
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Nobusako S, Osumi M, Hayashida K, Furukawa E, Nakai A, Maeda T, Morioka S. Altered sense of agency in children with developmental coordination disorder. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2020; 107:103794. [PMID: 33086140 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2020.103794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is increasing evidence that children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) have deficits in sensory-motor integration, but it is unclear whether the sense of agency (SoA) generated by sensory-motor integration is altered. AIMS To investigate whether there is a difference in the time window for SoA between children with DCD and typically developing (TD) children. METHODS AND PROCEDURES An agency attribution task was used to quantitatively measure and compare the time window for SoA in 15 children with DCD and 46 children in the TD group. Variables that correlated with the time window for SoA were also examined in both groups of children. OUTCOMES AND RESULTS The time window for SoA was significantly extended in children with DCD compared to TD children. The time window for SoA in TD children was significantly associated with manual dexterity, whereas the time window for SoA in children with DCD was significantly associated with depressive tendency. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The time window for SoA is altered in children with DCD. The present results suggest that there may be a bidirectional relationship between an internal model deficit and depressive tendency and SoA in children with DCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Nobusako
- Neurorehabilitation Research Center, Kio University, 4-2-2 Umaminaka, Koryo-cho, Kitakatsuragi-gun, Nara, 635-0832, Japan; Graduate School of Health Science, Kio University, 4-2-2 Umaminaka, Koryo-cho, Kitakatsuragi-gun, Nara, 635-0832, Japan.
| | - Michihiro Osumi
- Neurorehabilitation Research Center, Kio University, 4-2-2 Umaminaka, Koryo-cho, Kitakatsuragi-gun, Nara, 635-0832, Japan; Graduate School of Health Science, Kio University, 4-2-2 Umaminaka, Koryo-cho, Kitakatsuragi-gun, Nara, 635-0832, Japan
| | - Kazuki Hayashida
- Graduate School of Health Science, Kio University, 4-2-2 Umaminaka, Koryo-cho, Kitakatsuragi-gun, Nara, 635-0832, Japan; Department of Rehabilitation, Fujiikai Rehabilitation Hospital, 17-6 Yayoi-cho, Higashiosaka-city, Osaka, 579-8026, Japan
| | - Emi Furukawa
- Neurorehabilitation Research Center, Kio University, 4-2-2 Umaminaka, Koryo-cho, Kitakatsuragi-gun, Nara, 635-0832, Japan
| | - Akio Nakai
- Graduate School of Clinical Education & The Center for the Study of Child Development, Institute for Education, Mukogawa Women's University, 6-46 Ikebiraki-cho, Nishinomiya-city, Hyogo, 663-8558, Japan
| | - Takaki Maeda
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Shu Morioka
- Neurorehabilitation Research Center, Kio University, 4-2-2 Umaminaka, Koryo-cho, Kitakatsuragi-gun, Nara, 635-0832, Japan; Graduate School of Health Science, Kio University, 4-2-2 Umaminaka, Koryo-cho, Kitakatsuragi-gun, Nara, 635-0832, Japan
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Garbarini F, Fossataro C, Pia L, Berti A. What pathological embodiment/disembodiment tell us about body representations. Neuropsychologia 2020; 149:107666. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2020.107666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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30
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Cléry JC, Hori Y, Schaeffer DJ, Gati JS, Pruszynski JA, Everling S. Whole brain mapping of somatosensory responses in awake marmosets investigated with ultra-high-field fMRI. J Neurophysiol 2020; 124:1900-1913. [PMID: 33112698 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00480.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) is a small-bodied New World primate that is becoming an important model to study brain functions. Despite several studies exploring the somatosensory system of marmosets, all results have come from anesthetized animals using invasive techniques and postmortem analyses. Here, we demonstrate the feasibility for getting high-quality and reproducible somatosensory mapping in awake marmosets with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). We acquired fMRI sequences in four animals, while they received tactile stimulation (via air-puffs), delivered to the face, arm, or leg. We found a topographic body representation with the leg representation in the most medial part, the face representation in the most lateral part, and the arm representation between leg and face representation within areas 3a, 3b, and 1/2. A similar sequence from leg to face from caudal to rostral sites was identified in areas S2 and PV. By generating functional connectivity maps of seeds defined in the primary and second somatosensory regions, we identified two clusters of tactile representation within the posterior and midcingulate cortex. However, unlike humans and macaques, no clear somatotopic maps were observed. At the subcortical level, we found a somatotopic body representation in the thalamus and, for the first time in marmosets, in the putamen. These maps have similar organizations, as those previously found in Old World macaque monkeys and humans, suggesting that these subcortical somatotopic organizations were already established before Old and New World primates diverged. Our results show the first whole brain mapping of somatosensory responses acquired in a noninvasive way in awake marmosets.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We used somatosensory stimulation combined with functional MRI (fMRI) in awake marmosets to reveal the topographic body representation in areas S1, S2, thalamus, and putamen. We showed the existence of a body representation organization within the thalamus and the cingulate cortex by computing functional connectivity maps from seeds defined in S1/S2, using resting-state fMRI data. This noninvasive approach will be essential for chronic studies by guiding invasive recording and manipulation techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine C Cléry
- Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yuki Hori
- Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - David J Schaeffer
- Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joseph S Gati
- Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - J Andrew Pruszynski
- Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stefan Everling
- Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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31
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Ding L, He J, Yao L, Zhuang J, Chen S, Wang H, Jiang N, Jia J. Mirror Visual Feedback Combining Vibrotactile Stimulation Promotes Embodiment Perception: An Electroencephalogram (EEG) Pilot Study. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:553270. [PMID: 33195118 PMCID: PMC7649359 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.553270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
As one determinant of the efficacy of mirror visual feedback (MVF) in neurorehabilitation, the embodiment perception needs to be sustainable and enhanced. This study explored integrating vibrotactile stimulation into MVF to promote the embodiment perception and provide evidence of the potential mechanism of MVF. In the experiment, the participants were instructed to keep their dominant hand still (static side), while open and close their non-dominant hand (active side) and concentrate on the image of the hand movement in the mirror. They were asked to tap the pedal with the foot of the active side once the embodiment perception is generated. A vibrotactile stimulator was attached on the hand of the active side, and three conditions were investigated: no vibration (NV), continuous vibration (CV), and intermittent vibration (IV). The effects were analyzed on both objective data, including latency time (LT) and electroencephalogram (EEG) signals, and subjective data, including embodiment questionnaire (EQ). Results of LT and EQ suggested a stronger subjective sense of embodiment under the condition of CV and IV, comparing with NV. No significant difference was found between CV and IV. EEG analysis showed that in the hemisphere of the static side, the desynchronization of CV and IV around the central-frontal region (C3 and F3) in the alpha band (8–13 Hz) was significantly prominent compared to NV, and in the hemisphere of the active side, the desynchronization of three conditions was similar. The network analysis of EEG data indicated that there was no significant difference in the efficiency of neural communication under the three conditions. These results demonstrated that MVF combined with vibrotactile stimulation could strengthen the embodiment perception with increases in motor cortical activation, which indicated an evidence-based protocol of MVF to facilitate the recovery of patients with stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ding
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiayuan He
- Department of Systems Design Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Lin Yao
- Department of Neurobiology, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, and the MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinyang Zhuang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shugeng Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hewei Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Jiang
- Department of Systems Design Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Jie Jia
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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32
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Boccia M, Raimo S, Di Vita A, Battisti A, Matano A, Guariglia C, Grossi D, Palermo L. Topological and hodological aspects of body representation in right brain damaged patients. Neuropsychologia 2020; 148:107637. [PMID: 32980373 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2020.107637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The triadic taxonomy posits that three distinct types of body representations do exist, namely the body schema (BS), which corresponds to the representation derived from multiple sensory and motor inputs, the body structural representation (BSR), which corresponds to the structural description of spatial relations among the body parts, and the body semantics (SEM), which corresponds to the lexical-semantic representation of the body. Although several studies have assessed neural correlates of these representations, no study has compared them in brain-damaged patients, controlling for deficits in other cognitive domains. Also, little is known about the contribution of the right hemisphere to different body representations. Here we used a computerized battery to test these three body representations in twenty-six right brain damaged patients, controlling for other cognitive deficits by means of tests tapping similar spatial and lexical processes on non-body related stimuli. Residual scores corresponding to the BS, the BSR and the SEM were used to test neural correlates, which were assessed by integrating topological and hodological approaches to lesion-deficit analyses. We found that the BSR was associated with lesion of the superior temporal gyrus, the insula, the supramarginal gyrus and the temporo-parietal junction, extending also to the Rolandic operculum and the inferior frontal gyrus. Also, it was associated with the disconnection probability of the posterior arcuate segment. The BS was associated with a small cluster of voxels in the precentral and postcentral gyri, whereas the SEM was associated with white matter lesion at the boundary between the parietal and temporal lobes. Overall, these results provide strong support to the regional and connectional contribution of the right hemisphere to body representation, and more specifically to the BSR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maddalena Boccia
- Department of Psychology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Italy; Cognitive and Motor Rehabilitation and Neuroimaging Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.
| | - Simona Raimo
- Cognitive and Motor Rehabilitation and Neuroimaging Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Antonella Di Vita
- Department of Psychology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Italy; Cognitive and Motor Rehabilitation and Neuroimaging Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Battisti
- Department of Psychology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Italy
| | | | - Cecilia Guariglia
- Department of Psychology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Italy; Cognitive and Motor Rehabilitation and Neuroimaging Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Dario Grossi
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Liana Palermo
- Cognitive and Motor Rehabilitation and Neuroimaging Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
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33
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Salomon R, Progin P, Griffa A, Rognini G, Do KQ, Conus P, Marchesotti S, Bernasconi F, Hagmann P, Serino A, Blanke O. Sensorimotor Induction of Auditory Misattribution in Early Psychosis. Schizophr Bull 2020; 46:947-954. [PMID: 32043142 PMCID: PMC7345777 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbz136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Dysfunction of sensorimotor predictive processing is thought to underlie abnormalities in self-monitoring producing passivity symptoms in psychosis. Experimentally induced sensorimotor conflict can produce a failure in bodily self-monitoring (presence hallucination [PH]), yet it is unclear how this is related to auditory self-monitoring and psychosis symptoms. Here we show that the induction of sensorimotor conflict in early psychosis patients induces PH and impacts auditory-verbal self-monitoring. Participants manipulated a haptic robotic system inducing a bodily sensorimotor conflict. In experiment 1, the PH was measured. In experiment 2, an auditory-verbal self-monitoring task was performed during the conflict. Fifty-one participants (31 early psychosis patients, 20 matched controls) participated in the experiments. The PH was present in all participants. Psychosis patients with passivity experiences (PE+) had reduced accuracy in auditory-verbal self-other discrimination during sensorimotor stimulation, but only when sensorimotor stimulation involved a spatiotemporal conflict (F(2, 44) = 6.68, P = .002). These results show a strong link between robotically controlled alterations in sensorimotor processing and auditory misattribution in psychosis and provide evidence for the role of sensorimotor processes in altered self-monitoring in psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy Salomon
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland,Gonda Brain Research Center, Bar Ilan University (BIU), Ramat-Gan, Israel,Center for Neuroprosthetics, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland,To whom correspondence should be addressed; Gonda Brain Research Center, Bar Ilan University (BIU), Ramat-Gan, 52900, Israel; tel: +972-3-5317755, fax: +972-3-5352184, e-mail:
| | - Pierre Progin
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland,Center for Neuroprosthetics, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland,Department of Psychiatry, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alessandra Griffa
- Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Neurology, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Giulio Rognini
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland,Center for Neuroprosthetics, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kim Q Do
- Department of Psychiatry, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland,Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Conus
- Department of Psychiatry, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland,Service of General Psychiatry, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Marchesotti
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland,Center for Neuroprosthetics, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Fosco Bernasconi
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland,Center for Neuroprosthetics, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Patric Hagmann
- Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Serino
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland,Center for Neuroprosthetics, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Olaf Blanke
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland,Center for Neuroprosthetics, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland,Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
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34
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Boehme R, Frost Karlsson M, Heilig M, Olausson H, Capusan AJ. Sharpened self-other distinction in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Neuroimage Clin 2020; 27:102317. [PMID: 32599550 PMCID: PMC7327378 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Differentiation between self-produced tactile stimuli and touch by others is necessary for social interactions and for a coherent concept of "self". In attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder (ADHD), tactile hypersensitivity and social cognition problems are part of the symptomatology, but pathophysiological mechanisms are largely unknown. Differentiation of self- and non-self- generated sensations might be key to understand and develop novel strategies for managing hypersensitivity. Here, we compared the neural signatures of affective self- and other-touch between adults with ADHD and neurotypical controls (NC). METHODS Twenty-eight adult ADHD participants and 30 age- and gender-matched NC performed a self-other-touch-task during functional magnetic resonance imaging: they stroked their own arm, an object, or were stroked by the experimenter. In addition, tactile detection thresholds and rubber hand illusion (RHI) were measured. RESULTS ADHD participants had more autistic traits than NC and reported to engage less in interpersonal touch. They also reported to be more sensitive to tactile stimuli. Compared to NC, ADHD participants showed enhanced responses to both the self- and other-touch conditions: stronger deactivation during self-touch in the anterior and posterior insula, and increased activation during other-touch in primary somatosensory cortex. ADHD participants had intact tactile detection thresholds, but were less susceptible to the RHI. CONCLUSIONS Unaltered detection thresholds suggest that peripheral processing is intact, and that hypersensitivity might be driven by central mechanisms. This has clinical implications for managing somatosensory hypersensitivity in ADHD. The more pronounced differentiation between self- and other-touch might indicate a clearer self-other-distinction. This is of interest regarding body ownership perception in both NC and ADHD, and possibly other psychiatric conditions with altered self-experiences, like schizophrenia. A sharper boundary of the own body might relate to deficits in social cognition and tactile hypersensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Boehme
- Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, 58185 Linköping, Sweden; Center for Medical Imaging and Visualization, Linköping University, 58185 Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Morgan Frost Karlsson
- Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, 58185 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Markus Heilig
- Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, 58185 Linköping, Sweden; Department of Psychiatry, Linköping University, 58185 Linköping, Sweden; Center for Medical Imaging and Visualization, Linköping University, 58185 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Håkan Olausson
- Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, 58185 Linköping, Sweden; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Linköping University Hospital, 58185 Linköping, Sweden; Center for Medical Imaging and Visualization, Linköping University, 58185 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Andrea Johansson Capusan
- Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, 58185 Linköping, Sweden; Department of Psychiatry, Linköping University, 58185 Linköping, Sweden
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Monai E, Bernocchi F, Bisio M, Bisogno AL, Salvalaggio A, Corbetta M. Multiple Network Disconnection in Anosognosia for Hemiplegia. Front Syst Neurosci 2020; 14:21. [PMID: 32410965 PMCID: PMC7201993 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2020.00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Anosognosia for hemiplegia (AHP) is a complex syndrome whose neural correlates are still under investigation. One hypothesis, mainly based on lesion mapping studies, is that AHP reflects a breakdown of neural systems of the right hemisphere involved in motor function. However, more recent theories have suggested that AHP may represent a disorder of cognitive systems involved in belief updating, self-referential or body processing. Two recent studies, using a method to estimate the degree of white matter disconnection from lesions, have indeed shown that patients with AHP suffer from damage of several long-range white matter pathways in association cortex. Here, we use a similar indirect disconnection approach to study a group of patients with motor deficits without anosognosia (hemiparesis or hemiplegia, HP, n = 35), or motor deficits with AHP (n = 28). The HP lesions came from a database of stroke patients, while cases of AHP were selected from the published literature. Lesions were traced into an atlas from illustrations of the publications using a standard method. There was no region in the brain that was more damaged in AHP than HP. In terms of structural connectivity, AHP patients had a similar pattern of disconnection of motor pathways to HP patients. However, AHP patients also showed significant disconnection of the right temporo-parietal junction, right insula, right lateral and medial prefrontal cortex. These associative cortical regions were connected through several white matter tracts, including superior longitudinal fasciculus III, arcuate, fronto-insular, frontal inferior longitudinal, and frontal aslant. These tracts connected regions of different cognitive networks: default, ventral attention, and cingulo-opercular. These results were not controlled for clinical variables as concomitant symptoms and other disorders of body representation were not always available for co-variate analysis. In conclusion, we confirm recent studies of disconnection demonstrating that AHP is not limited to dysfunction of motor systems, but involves a much wider set of large-scale cortical networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Monai
- Department of Neuroscience, Neurological Clinic, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.,Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Francesca Bernocchi
- Department of Neuroscience, Neurological Clinic, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.,Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Marta Bisio
- Department of Neuroscience, Neurological Clinic, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.,Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Antonio Luigi Bisogno
- Department of Neuroscience, Neurological Clinic, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.,Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Alessandro Salvalaggio
- Department of Neuroscience, Neurological Clinic, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.,Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Maurizio Corbetta
- Department of Neuroscience, Neurological Clinic, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.,Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.,Department of Neurology, Radiology, and Neuroscience, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
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Nobusako S, Tsujimoto T, Sakai A, Shuto T, Hashimoto Y, Furukawa E, Osumi M, Nakai A, Maeda T, Morioka S. The time window for sense of agency in school-age children is different from that in young adults. COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cogdev.2020.100891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Emotion-body connection dispositions modify the insulae-midcingulate effective connectivity during anger processing. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228404. [PMID: 32053605 PMCID: PMC7018059 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The link between anger and bodily states is readily apparent based on the autonomic and behavioral responses elicited. In everyday life angry people react in different ways, from being agitated with an increased heart rate to remaining silent or detached. Neuroimaging evidence supports the role of mid-posterior insula and midcingulate cortex/MCC as key nodes of a sensorimotor network that predominantly responds to salient stimuli, integration of interoceptive and autonomic information, as well as to awareness of bodily movements for coordinated motion. However, there is still a lack of clarity concerning how interindividual variability in bodily states reactions drives the connectivity within these key nodes in the sensorimotor network during anger processing. Therefore, we investigated whether individual differences in body-centered emotional experience, that is an active (inward prone) or inactive (outward prone) emotion-body connection disposition, would differently affect the information flow within these brain regions. Two groups of participants underwent fMRI scanning session watching video clips of actors performing simple actions with angry and joyful facial expressions. The whole-brain group-by-session interaction analysis showed that the bilateral insula and the right MCC were selectively activated by inward group during the angry session, whereas the outward group activated more the precuneus during the joyful session. Accordingly, dynamic causal modeling analyses (DCM) revealed an excitatory modulatory effect exerted by anger all over the insulae-MCC connectivity in the inward group, whereas in the outward group the modulatory effect exerted was inhibitory. Modeling the variability related to individual differences in body-centered emotional experience allowed to better explain to what extent subjective dispositions contributed to the insular activity and its connectivity. In addition, from the perspective of a hierarchical model of neurovisceral integration, these findings add knowledge to the multiple ways which the insula and MCC dynamically integrate affective and bodily aspects of the human experience.
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D'Alonzo M, Mioli A, Formica D, Di Pino G. Modulation of Body Representation Impacts on Efferent Autonomic Activity. J Cogn Neurosci 2020; 32:1104-1116. [PMID: 31951156 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_01532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The afferent branch of the autonomic nervous system contributes with interoception to the multimodal sensory correlation continuously needed to update our representation of the body. To test whether the modulation of body representation would have an impact on the efferent branch of the autonomic nervous system, nonspecific skin conductance has been measured in three rubber hand illusion (RHI) experiments, controlled with asynchronous brush-stroking and incongruent fake hand position. Nonspecific skin conductance standard deviation (SCSD) computed along the whole 90 sec of stroking was found to be increased by the illusion and to correlate with all the typical measures of embodiment. Computing SCSD in shorter time windows strongly enhanced the difference between illusion and controls. The highest difference was found in the 10-55 sec window, being the 14-34 sec window as the most informative one. The higher correlations with the validated measures of embodiment (all but the proprioceptive drift) were found for time windows ranging between 35 and 65 sec. The SCSD was no longer significantly higher when the RHI was repeated twice (two trials each iteration), but it was still significantly higher in synchronous stroking even when considering only the second trial. However, after the first iteration of the RHI paradigm, the effect of the embodiment on nonspecific skin conductance response results to be attenuated, suggesting that novelty in presentation of the RHI can contribute to the effect on nonspecific skin conductance response. Results candidate SCSD as a noninvasive, cheap, easy, and objective measure of embodiment, especially sensible to onset and strength of the illusion. Alike the already known enhanced autonomic reaction to a threatening, SCSD does not interfere with the collection of other behavioral measures. Correlations and their dynamics, presence of the effect in the second presentation of the setup but relative low robustness against multiple repetition, suggest that the increased fluctuations of skin conductance caught by SCSD are not just the effect of different presented sensory stimuli but more likely a stronger arousal response to the novelty of the updated perceptual status.
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van der Westhuizen D, Page T, Solms M, van Honk J. The Territory of my Body: Testosterone Prevents Limb Cooling in the Rubber Hand Illusion. Multisens Res 2020; 33:161-187. [DOI: 10.1163/22134808-20191361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The Rubber Hand Illusion (RHI) is an experimental paradigm for assessing changes in body ownership. Recent findings in the field suggest that social emotions can influence such changes and that empathic motivation in particular appears to positively predict the malleability of body representations. Since the steroid hormone, testosterone, is well known to interrupt certain forms of empathic processing, in the current study we investigated whether 0.5 mg of testosterone affected ownership indices of the RHI. Forty-nine females participated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled experiment in which the RHI was induced. Compared to placebo, testosterone had no effects on the alteration of subjective ownership over the rubber limb or on subjective sense of proprioceptive drift. However, unlike the placebo group, testosterone-treated participants did not display an objective decline in the temperature of their own (hidden) hand following induction of the illusion. These findings suggest that testosterone strengthens implicit but not explicit bodily self-representations. We propose that effective maintenance of implicit body boundaries can be regarded, conceptually, as a primary defensive state facilitating integrity of the self.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mark Solms
- 1University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jack van Honk
- 1University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- 2Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Klingbeil J, Wawrzyniak M, Stockert A, Karnath HO, Saur D. Hippocampal diaschisis contributes to anosognosia for hemiplegia: Evidence from lesion network-symptom-mapping. Neuroimage 2019; 208:116485. [PMID: 31870945 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Anosognosia for hemiplegia (AHP) is known to be associated with lesions to the motor system combined with varying lesions to the right insula, premotor cortex, parietal lobe or hippocampus. Due to this widespread cortical lesion distribution, AHP can be understood best as a network disorder. We used lesion maps and behavioral data (n = 49) from two previous studies on AHP and performed a lesion network-symptom-mapping (LNSM) analysis. This new approach permits the identification of relationships between behavior and regions connected to the lesion site based on normative functional connectome data. In a first step, using ordinary voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping, we found an association of AHP with lesions in the right posterior insula. This is in accordance with previous studies. Applying LNSM, we were able to additionally identify a region in the right posterior hippocampus where AHP was associated with significantly higher normative lesion connectivity. Notably, this region was spared by infarction in all patients. We therefore argue that remote neuronal dysfunction caused by disrupted functional connections between the lesion site and the hippocampus (i.e. diaschisis) contributed to the phenotype of AHP. An indirect affection of the hippocampus may lead to memory deficits which, in turn, impair the stable encoding of updated beliefs on the bodily state thus contributing to the multifactorial phenomenon of AHP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Klingbeil
- Language and Aphasia Laboratory, Department of Neurology, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 20, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Max Wawrzyniak
- Language and Aphasia Laboratory, Department of Neurology, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 20, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anika Stockert
- Language and Aphasia Laboratory, Department of Neurology, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 20, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hans-Otto Karnath
- Centre of Neurology, Division of Neuropsychology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Straße 3, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Dorothee Saur
- Language and Aphasia Laboratory, Department of Neurology, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 20, Leipzig, Germany
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Perri RL, Rossani F, Di Russo F. Neuroelectric evidences of top-down hypnotic modulation associated with somatosensory processing of sensory and limbic regions. Neuroimage 2019; 202:116104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
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Crespi B, Dinsdale N. Autism and psychosis as diametrical disorders of embodiment. Evol Med Public Health 2019; 2019:121-138. [PMID: 31402979 PMCID: PMC6682708 DOI: 10.1093/emph/eoz021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans have evolved an elaborate system of self-consciousness, self-identity, self-agency, and self-embodiment that is grounded in specific neurological structures including an expanded insula. Instantiation of the bodily self has been most-extensively studied via the 'rubber hand illusion', whereby parallel stimulation of a hidden true hand, and a viewed false hand, leads to the felt belief that the false hand is one's own. Autism and schizophrenia have both long been regarded as conditions centrally involving altered development of the self, but they have yet to be compared directly with regard to the self and embodiment. Here, we synthesize the embodied cognition literature for these and related conditions, and describe evidence that these two sets of disorders exhibit opposite susceptibilities from typical individuals to the rubber hand illusion: reduced on the autism spectrum and increased in schizophrenia and other psychotic-affective conditions. Moreover, the opposite illusion effects are mediated by a consilient set of associated phenomena, including empathy, interoception, anorexia risk and phenotypes, and patterns of genetic correlation. Taken together, these findings: (i) support the diametric model of autism and psychotic-affective disorders, (ii) implicate the adaptive human system of self-embodiment, and its neural bases, in neurodevelopmental disorders, and suggest new therapies and (iii) experimentally ground Bayesian predictive coding models with regard to autism compared with psychosis. Lay summary: Humans have evolved a highly developed sense of self and perception of one's own body. The 'rubber hand illusion' can be used to test individual variation in sense of self, relative to connection with others. We show that this illusion is reduced in autism spectrum disorders, and increased in psychotic and mood disorders. These findings have important implications for understanding and treatment of mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Crespi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Natalie Dinsdale
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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Neural modifications in lower limb amputation: an fMRI study on action and non-action oriented body representations. Brain Imaging Behav 2019; 14:416-425. [PMID: 31214871 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-019-00142-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The loss of sensorimotor and visual information that follows limb amputation is known to affect both the action-oriented (body schema, BS) and non-action oriented (NA) body representations. However, the neural underpinnings of these effects have not yet been fully understood. We investigated the neural correlates of body representations in a group of 9 healthy right-handed individuals with left lower limb amputation (LLA) and 11 healthy age-matched controls (HC) by using event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging. Participants were scanned while performing mental rotation of body parts (i.e. hand, foot and eye) and objects (i.e. a rear-view mirror). Although the performance of LLA were similar to that of HC, they showed a different activation profile in relation to both BS and to NA within a wide range of brain areas. The bilateral intraparietal sulcus was less activated in LLA than HC, whereas the bilateral anterior insula as well as the fusiform body area, the precentral gyrus, the supplementary motor area in the left hemisphere and the inferior occipital gyrus in the right hemisphere were more activated during the mental rotation of left stimuli in the LLA. Also, the left EBA showed higher activation during the mental rotation of the foot than that of the eye in the LLA but not in the HC. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that left LLA yields to a modification in the body representation network even when it does not lead to clear behavioral deficits.
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Abstract
Long perceived as a primitive and poorly differentiated brain structure, the primate insular cortex recently emerged as a highly evolved, organized and richly connected cortical hub interfacing bodily states with sensorimotor, environmental, and limbic activities. This insular interface likely substantiates emotional embodiment and has the potential to have a key role in the interoceptive shaping of cognitive processes, including perceptual awareness. In this review, we present a novel working model of the insular cortex, based on an accumulation of neuroanatomical and functional evidence obtained essentially in the macaque monkey. This model proposes that interoceptive afferents that represent the ongoing physiological status of all the organs of the body are first being received in the granular dorsal fundus of the insula or “primary interoceptive cortex,” then processed through a series of dysgranular poly-modal “insular stripes,” and finally integrated in anterior agranular areas that serve as an additional sensory platform for visceral functions and as an output stage for efferent autonomic regulation. One of the agranular areas hosts the specialized von Economo and Fork neurons, which could provide a decisive evolutionary advantage for the role of the anterior insula in the autonomic and emotional binding inherent to subjective awareness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry C Evrard
- Functional and Comparative Neuroanatomy Laboratory, Werner Reichardt Center for Integrative Neuroscience, Tübingen, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany
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46
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Keromnes G, Chokron S, Celume MP, Berthoz A, Botbol M, Canitano R, Du Boisgueheneuc F, Jaafari N, Lavenne-Collot N, Martin B, Motillon T, Thirioux B, Scandurra V, Wehrmann M, Ghanizadeh A, Tordjman S. Exploring Self-Consciousness From Self- and Other-Image Recognition in the Mirror: Concepts and Evaluation. Front Psychol 2019; 10:719. [PMID: 31133909 PMCID: PMC6524719 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
A historical review of the concepts of self-consciousness is presented, highlighting the important role of the body (particularly, body perception but also body action), and the social other in the construction of self-consciousness. More precisely, body perception, especially intermodal sensory perception including kinesthetic perception, is involved in the construction of a sense of self allowing self-other differentiation. Furthermore, the social other, through very early social and emotional interactions, provides meaning to the infant's perception and contributes to the development of his/her symbolization capacities. This is a necessary condition for body image representation and awareness of a permanent self in a time-space continuum (invariant over time and space). Self-image recognition impairments in the mirror are also discussed regarding a comprehensive developmental theory of self-consciousness. Then, a neuropsychological and neurophysiological approach to self-consciousness reviews the role of complex brain activation/integration pathways and the mirror neuron system in self-consciousness. Finally, this article offers new perspectives on self-consciousness evaluation using a double mirror paradigm to study self- and other- image and body recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaëlle Keromnes
- Pôle Hospitalo-Universitaire de Psychiatrie de l’Enfant et de l’Adolescent (PHUPEA), Centre Hospitalier Guillaume Régnier, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France
| | - Sylvie Chokron
- Laboratoire de Psychologie de la Perception (LPP), Université Paris Descartes, CNRS UMR 8242, Paris, France
| | - Macarena-Paz Celume
- Pôle Hospitalo-Universitaire de Psychiatrie de l’Enfant et de l’Adolescent (PHUPEA), Centre Hospitalier Guillaume Régnier, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France
- Laboratoire de Psychologie et d’Ergonomie Appliquées (LaPEA), Université Paris Descartes, UMR T7708, Boulogne Billancourt, France
| | - Alain Berthoz
- Laboratoire de Physiologie de la Perception et de l’Action, Collège de France, CNRS UMR 7152, Paris, France
| | - Michel Botbol
- CHU de Brest – Service Hospitalo-Universitaire de Psychiatrie, CHU de Brest, Hôpital de Bohars, Bohars, France
| | - Roberto Canitano
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, University Hospital of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Foucaud Du Boisgueheneuc
- Département de Neurologie, Centre de Mémoire de Ressource et de Recherche, CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Nemat Jaafari
- Université de Poitiers, Unité de Recherche Clinique Intersectorielle en Psychiatrie à Vocation Régionale Pierre-Deniker du Centre Hospitalier Henri Laborit, Poitiers, France
- INSERM U 1084, Experimental and Clinical Neurosciences Laboratory, Groupement de Recherche, CNRS 3557, Poitiers, France
| | - Nathalie Lavenne-Collot
- CHU de Brest – Service Hospitalo-Universitaire de Psychiatrie, CHU de Brest, Hôpital de Bohars, Bohars, France
| | - Brice Martin
- Service Universitaire de Réhabilitation, Hôpital du Vinatier, Université Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5229, Lyon, France
| | - Tom Motillon
- Pôle Hospitalo-Universitaire de Psychiatrie de l’Enfant et de l’Adolescent (PHUPEA), Centre Hospitalier Guillaume Régnier, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France
| | - Bérangère Thirioux
- Laboratoire de Physiologie de la Perception et de l’Action, Collège de France, CNRS UMR 7152, Paris, France
- Université de Poitiers, Unité de Recherche Clinique Intersectorielle en Psychiatrie à Vocation Régionale Pierre-Deniker du Centre Hospitalier Henri Laborit, Poitiers, France
| | - Valeria Scandurra
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, University Hospital of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Moritz Wehrmann
- International Research Institute for Cultural Techniques and Media Philosophy, Bauhaus-Universität Weimar, Weimar, Germany
| | - Ahmad Ghanizadeh
- Department of Neuroscience, Research Center for Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sylvie Tordjman
- Pôle Hospitalo-Universitaire de Psychiatrie de l’Enfant et de l’Adolescent (PHUPEA), Centre Hospitalier Guillaume Régnier, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France
- Laboratoire de Psychologie de la Perception (LPP), Université Paris Descartes, CNRS UMR 8242, Paris, France
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Kohler M, Strauss S, Horn U, Langner I, Usichenko T, Neumann N, Lotze M. Differences in Neuronal Representation of Mental Rotation in Patients With Complex Regional Pain Syndrome and Healthy Controls. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2019; 20:898-907. [PMID: 30710707 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2019.01.330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Spatial integration of parts of the body is impaired in patients with complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS). Because the training of mental rotation (MR) has been shown to be among the effective therapy strategies for CRPS, impairment of MR is also important for the pathophysiological understanding of CRPS. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether differences in the neural representation of MR occur between patients with CRPS and healthy controls (HC). Therefore, we included 15 patients with chronic CRPS and 15 age- and gender-matched HC. We assessed behavioral (accuracy and reaction time for MR of both hands), clinical (Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder and Hand questionnaire) and magnetic resonance imaging (T1-weighted, function magnetic resonance imaging during MR) data. Reaction times in the patient group were delayed compared with HC without a lateralization effect for the affected hand side. Although both groups showed an activation pattern typical for MR, only HC showed a highly significant contrast for the rotated versus unrotated hands in the right intraparietal sulcus. Patients with CRPS showed a reduction of functional magnetic resonance imaging activation in areas including the subthalamic nucleus, nucleus accumbens, and putamen. Regression analysis for the CRPS group emphasized the importance of putamen and nucleus accumbens activation for MR performance. This study highlights the reduced access of patients with CRPS for mental resources modulating arousal, emotional response, and subcortical sensorimotor integration. PERSPECTIVE: This study localized the underlying neural responses for impaired mental rotation in patients with complex regional pain syndrome as a decrease in basal ganglia (putamen) and nucleus accumbens activation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sebastian Strauss
- Functional Imaging Unit, Center for Diagnostic Radiology, and; Department of Neurology, University of Greifswald, Germany
| | - Ulrike Horn
- Functional Imaging Unit, Center for Diagnostic Radiology, and
| | - Inga Langner
- Division of Hand Surgery and Functional Microsurgery, Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, and
| | - Taras Usichenko
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Nicola Neumann
- Functional Imaging Unit, Center for Diagnostic Radiology, and
| | - Martin Lotze
- Functional Imaging Unit, Center for Diagnostic Radiology, and.
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Distinction of self-produced touch and social touch at cortical and spinal cord levels. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:2290-2299. [PMID: 30670645 PMCID: PMC6369791 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1816278116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The earliest way humans can learn what their body is and where the outside world begins is through the tactile sense, especially through touch between parent and baby. In this study, we demonstrated differential processing of touch from self and others at cortical and spinal levels. Our results support top-down modulation of dorsal horn somatosensory processing, as recently shown in animal studies. We provide evidence that the individual self-concept relates to differential self- vs. other-processing in the tactile domain. Self- vs. other-distinction is necessary for successful social interaction with others and for establishing a coherent self. Our results suggest an association between impaired somatosensory processing and a dysfunctional self-concept, as seen in many psychiatric disorders. Differentiation between self-produced tactile stimuli and touch by others is necessary for social interactions and for a coherent concept of “self.” The mechanisms underlying this distinction are unknown. Here, we investigated the distinction between self- and other-produced light touch in healthy volunteers using three different approaches: fMRI, behavioral testing, and somatosensory-evoked potentials (SEPs) at spinal and cortical levels. Using fMRI, we found self–other differentiation in somatosensory and sociocognitive areas. Other-touch was related to activation in several areas, including somatosensory cortex, insula, superior temporal gyrus, supramarginal gyrus, striatum, amygdala, cerebellum, and prefrontal cortex. During self-touch, we instead found deactivation in insula, anterior cingulate cortex, superior temporal gyrus, amygdala, parahippocampal gyrus, and prefrontal areas. Deactivation extended into brain areas encoding low-level sensory representations, including thalamus and brainstem. These findings were replicated in a second cohort. During self-touch, the sensorimotor cortex was functionally connected to the insula, and the threshold for detection of an additional tactile stimulus was elevated. Differential encoding of self- vs. other-touch during fMRI correlated with the individual self-concept strength. In SEP, cortical amplitudes were reduced during self-touch, while latencies at cortical and spinal levels were faster for other-touch. We thus demonstrated a robust self–other distinction in brain areas related to somatosensory, social cognitive, and interoceptive processing. Signs of this distinction were evident at the spinal cord. Our results provide a framework for future studies in autism, schizophrenia, and emotionally unstable personality disorder, conditions where symptoms include social touch avoidance and poor self-vs.-other discrimination.
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Berkovich-Ohana A, Jennings PA, Lavy S. Contemplative neuroscience, self-awareness, and education. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2019; 244:355-385. [PMID: 30732845 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2018.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating research in education shows that contemplative practices contribute to and foster well-being of individuals in sustainable ways. This bears special importance for teachers, as it affects not only them but also their students. Based on accumulating behavioral and neuroscientific findings, it has been suggested that a key process by which mindfulness meditation enhances self-regulation is the altering of self-awareness. Indeed, accumulated work shows that the underlying networks supporting various types of self-awareness are malleable following meditative practice. However, the field of education has developed independently from the study of the self and its relation to contemplative neuroscience thus far, and to date there is no systematic account linking this accumulating body of knowledge to the field of education or discussing how it might be relevant to teachers. Here we show how incorporating insights from contemplative neuroscience-which are built on the conceptualization and neuroscience of the self-into contemplative pedagogy can inform the field and might even serve as a core underlying mechanism tying together different empirical evidence. This review points to potential neural mechanisms by which mindfulness meditation helps teachers manage stress and promote supportive learning environments, resulting in improved educational outcomes, and thus it has significant implications for educational policy regarding teachers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aviva Berkovich-Ohana
- Edmond J. Safra Brain Research Center for the Study of Learning Disabilities, Faculty of Education, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.
| | - Patricia A Jennings
- Curry School of Education, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Shiri Lavy
- Faculty of Education, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
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Tinaz S, Para K, Vives-Rodriguez A, Martinez-Kaigi V, Nalamada K, Sezgin M, Scheinost D, Hampson M, Louis ED, Constable RT. Insula as the Interface Between Body Awareness and Movement: A Neurofeedback-Guided Kinesthetic Motor Imagery Study in Parkinson's Disease. Front Hum Neurosci 2018; 12:496. [PMID: 30581383 PMCID: PMC6292989 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2018.00496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Intentional movement is an internally driven process that requires the integration of motivational and sensory cues with motor preparedness. In addition to the motor cortical-basal ganglia circuits, the limbic circuits are also involved in the integration of these cues. Individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) have a particular difficulty with internally generating intentional movements and maintaining the speed, size, and vigor of movements. This difficulty improves when they are provided with external cues suggesting that there is a problem with the internal motivation of movement in PD. The prevailing view attributes this difficulty in PD to the dysfunction of motor cortical-basal ganglia circuits. First, we argue that the standard cortical-basal ganglia circuit model of motor dysfunction in PD needs to be expanded to include the insula which is a major hub within the limbic circuits. We propose a neural circuit model highlighting the interaction between the insula and dorsomedial frontal cortex which is involved in generating intentional movements. The insula processes a wide range of sensory signals arising from the body and integrates them with the emotional and motivational context. In doing so, it provides the impetus to the dorsomedial frontal cortex to initiate and sustain movement. Second, we present the results of our proof-of-concept experiment demonstrating that the functional connectivity of the insula-dorsomedial frontal cortex circuit can be enhanced with neurofeedback-guided kinesthetic motor imagery using functional magnetic resonance imaging in subjects with PD. Specifically, we found that the intensity and quality of body sensations evoked during motor imagery and the emotional and motivational context of motor imagery determined the direction (i.e., negative or positive) of the insula-dorsomedial frontal cortex functional connectivity. After 10-12 neurofeedback sessions and "off-line" practice of the successful motor imagery strategies all subjects showed a significant increase in the insula-dorsomedial frontal cortex functional connectivity. Finally, we discuss the implications of these results regarding motor function in patients with PD and propose suggestions for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sule Tinaz
- Division of Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Kiran Para
- Division of Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Ana Vives-Rodriguez
- Division of Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Valeria Martinez-Kaigi
- Division of Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Keerthana Nalamada
- Division of Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Mine Sezgin
- Division of Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Dustin Scheinost
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Michelle Hampson
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Elan D. Louis
- Division of Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
- Center for Neuroepidemiology and Clinical Neurological Research, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - R. Todd Constable
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
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