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Aaron L, Kaplan RM, Black SR. Parents' clinical depression and children's problem behaviors: A multi-level meta-analytic examination. J Affect Disord 2024; 367:886-902. [PMID: 39222852 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.08.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 08/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous meta-analyses considering associations between parental depression (PD) and child symptoms have considered PD based primarily on self-report of depression symptoms. The present meta-analysis, in contrast, evaluated the effect of parents' clinically-diagnosed depressive disorders (PDD) on child internalizing and externalizing symptoms and considered both family- and study-level variables that influenced the strength of these effects. METHODS We examined 111 effect sizes nested in 40 studies including a clinical assessment of parents' major or persistent depressive disorder and measures of children's internalizing or externalizing behaviors published between 2000 and 2020. We used a multi-level meta-analytic framework to account for nesting of multiple effect sizes within studies. RESULTS PDD was associated with children's internalizing (weighted mean r = 0.211) and externalizing (weighted mean r = 0.204) behaviors. Family- and study-level variables moderated these relations, including the inclusion of fathers in the sample, the specific measure of internalizing behavior, reporting of diagnostic reliability, and informant for problem behaviors. LIMITATIONS Limitations include exclusive consideration of internalizing and externalizing symptoms (versus other symptom types or problems) and the limited number of father-only studies from which to base conclusions about the relative effect of maternal vs. paternal depression. CONCLUSIONS The similarity between the current findings and previous meta-analyses suggests that researchers studying the effects of PD may be able to bypass more exhaustive clinical interviews for less burdensome depression symptom inventories. Furthermore, our findings suggest that researchers and clinicians should consider how PD impacts not just child depressive symptoms, but myriad problem behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Aaron
- University of New Orleans, United States of America
| | - Rachel M Kaplan
- University of Southern Mississippi, United States of America
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2
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Klug M, Enneking V, Borgers T, Jacobs CM, Dohm K, Kraus A, Grotegerd D, Opel N, Repple J, Suslow T, Meinert S, Lemke H, Leehr EJ, Bauer J, Dannlowski U, Redlich R. Persistence of amygdala hyperactivity to subliminal negative emotion processing in the long-term course of depression. Mol Psychiatry 2024; 29:1501-1509. [PMID: 38278993 PMCID: PMC11189807 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-024-02429-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Biased emotion processing has been suggested to underlie the etiology and maintenance of depression. Neuroimaging studies have shown mood-congruent alterations in amygdala activity in patients with acute depression, even during early, automatic stages of emotion processing. However, due to a lack of prospective studies over periods longer than 8 weeks, it is unclear whether these neurofunctional abnormalities represent a persistent correlate of depression even in remission. In this prospective case-control study, we aimed to examine brain functional correlates of automatic emotion processing in the long-term course of depression. In a naturalistic design, n = 57 patients with acute major depressive disorder (MDD) and n = 37 healthy controls (HC) were assessed with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) at baseline and after 2 years. Patients were divided into two subgroups according to their course of illness during the study period (n = 37 relapse, n = 20 no-relapse). During fMRI, participants underwent an affective priming task that assessed emotion processing of subliminally presented sad and happy compared to neutral face stimuli. A group × time × condition (3 × 2 × 2) ANOVA was performed for the amygdala as region-of-interest (ROI). At baseline, there was a significant group × condition interaction, resulting from amygdala hyperactivity to sad primes in patients with MDD compared to HC, whereas no difference between groups emerged for happy primes. In both patient subgroups, amygdala hyperactivity to sad primes persisted after 2 years, regardless of relapse or remission at follow-up. The results suggest that amygdala hyperactivity during automatic processing of negative stimuli persists during remission and represents a trait rather than a state marker of depression. Enduring neurofunctional abnormalities may reflect a consequence of or a vulnerability to depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Klug
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Verena Enneking
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Tiana Borgers
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Charlotte M Jacobs
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Katharina Dohm
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Anna Kraus
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Dominik Grotegerd
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Nils Opel
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Halle-Jena-Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Intervention and Research on adaptive and maladaptive brain Circuits underlying mental health (C-I-R-C), Halle-Jena-Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Jonathan Repple
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Thomas Suslow
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Susanne Meinert
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Hannah Lemke
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Elisabeth J Leehr
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Jochen Bauer
- Department of Clinical Radiology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Udo Dannlowski
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Ronny Redlich
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
- German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Halle-Jena-Magdeburg, Germany.
- Center for Intervention and Research on adaptive and maladaptive brain Circuits underlying mental health (C-I-R-C), Halle-Jena-Magdeburg, Germany.
- Department of Psychology, Martin-Luther University of Halle, Halle, Germany.
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3
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Dickey L, Dao A, Pegg S, Kujawa A. Neural markers of emotion regulation difficulties in adolescent depression and risk for depression. JOURNAL OF MOOD AND ANXIETY DISORDERS 2024; 5:100051. [PMID: 38500633 PMCID: PMC10947814 DOI: 10.1016/j.xjmad.2024.100051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Depressed individuals tend to use maladaptive emotion regulation strategies more frequently than non-depressed individuals while using adaptive strategies (e.g., reappraisal) less frequently. Objective neural markers of emotion regulation ability could aid in identifying youth at greatest risk for depression and functional impairment more broadly. We used electroencephalography to examine emotion regulation in adolescents (aged 14-17; N = 201) with current depression (n = 94) and without any history of depression (n = 107) at high (n = 54) and low (n = 53) risk for depression based on a maternal history of depression. Results revealed group differences in event-related potential markers of emotion regulation using multiple scoring approaches. Never-depressed adolescents had significant reductions in mean-activity and principal component analysis-identified late positive potential responses to dysphoric stimuli under reappraisal instructions compared to passive viewing. There was no significant difference in neural responses between conditions among depressed adolescents. The magnitude of the reappraisal effects appeared slightly stronger for low-risk adolescents relative to high-risk. Exploratory analyses further demonstrated that the association between neural markers of emotion regulation and overall functioning was moderated by age, such that impaired emotion regulation abilities predicted poorer functioning among older adolescents. Findings support the sensitivity of the late positive potential to emotion regulation impairments in depression and psychopathology more broadly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay Dickey
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, USA
| | - Anh Dao
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, USA
| | - Samantha Pegg
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, USA
| | - Autumn Kujawa
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, USA
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4
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Zhang J, Wu Q, Feng X, Ford J, Famelia R, Slesnick N. Co-occurring trajectory of housing stability and parenting stress with child behavior problems: A randomized trial of a housing intervention for young mothers experiencing homelessness. FAMILY PROCESS 2023. [PMID: 38110798 DOI: 10.1111/famp.12954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the effects of an integrative housing intervention (Ecologically Based Treatment, EBT - independent housing and supportive services) on the co-occurring pattern of housing stability and parenting stress among a sample of substance-using mothers who experience homelessness and have young children in their care. The association between the co-occurring patterns of housing stability and parenting stress and child internalizing and externalizing behaviors was also examined. Mothers were randomized to one of the three conditions: EBT (n = 80), Housing-only (HOU; n = 80), or Services as Usual (SAU; n = 80). Follow-up assessments were completed at 3-, 6-, 9-, and 12-months post-baseline. The dual-trajectory latent class growth analyses identified five subgroups of co-occurring patterns: low-greatly improved housing paired with moderate-improved parenting stress, low-greatly improved housing paired with high-improved parenting stress, low-moderately improved housing paired with moderate-static parenting stress, low-worse housing paired with moderate-improved parenting stress, and low-worse housing paired with high-static parenting stress. Findings showed that EBT was more effective in improving housing stability and reducing parenting stress compared to HOU and SAU conditions, and further, HOU was more effective than SAU. Additionally, children whose mothers reported increased housing stability together with improved parenting stress had lower levels of internalizing and externalizing behaviors. The findings provide support to the efficacy of EBT in increasing housing stability and reducing parenting stress. The observed improvements subsequently benefited children's behavioral outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, USA
| | - Qiong Wu
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Xin Feng
- Department of Human Sciences, College of Education and Human Ecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Jodi Ford
- College of Nursing, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Ruri Famelia
- Department of Human Sciences, College of Education and Human Ecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Natasha Slesnick
- Department of Human Sciences, College of Education and Human Ecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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5
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Polack RG, Bronstein MV, Questel M, Edelman A, Vinogradov S, Kober H, Joormann J, Everaert J. Social interpretation inflexibility moderates emotional reactions to social situations in children and adolescents. Dev Psychopathol 2023; 35:2352-2364. [PMID: 37466071 PMCID: PMC10796842 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579423000834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Interpretation biases and inflexibility (i.e., difficulties revising interpretations) have been linked to increased internalizing symptoms. Although adolescence is a developmental period characterized by novel social situations and increased vulnerability to internalizing disorders, no studies have examined interpretation inflexibility in adolescents. Additionally, no studies (on adolescents or adults) have examined interpretation flexibility as a protective factor against adverse outcomes of interpersonal events. Using a novel task and a 28-day diary we examined relations among interpretation bias and inflexibility, internalizing symptoms, and negative interpersonal events in a sample of children and adolescents (N = 159, ages 9-18). At baseline, negative interpretation bias was positively correlated with social anxiety symptoms, and positive interpretation bias negatively correlated with social anxiety and depressive symptoms. Inflexible positive interpretations were correlated with higher social anxiety and depressive symptoms, while inflexible negative interpretations were correlated with higher social anxiety. Finally, interpretation inflexibility moderated daily associations between negative interpersonal events and depressive symptoms in daily life, such that higher inflexibility was associated with stronger associations between interpersonal events and subsequent depressive symptoms, potentially increasing depressive symptom instability. These results suggest that interpretation biases and inflexibility may act as both risk and protective factors for adolescent anxiety and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reuma Gadassi Polack
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, Connecticut, USA
- School of Behavioral Sciences, Tel-Aviv Yaffo Academic College, Tel-Aviv Yaffo, Israel
| | - Michael V. Bronstein
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minnesota, USA
| | - Marcia Questel
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, Connecticut, USA
| | - Audrey Edelman
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, Connecticut, USA
| | - Sophia Vinogradov
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minnesota, USA
| | - Hedy Kober
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jutta Joormann
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jonas Everaert
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
- Research Group of Quantitative Psychology and Individual Differences, KU Leuven, Belgium
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Wessa M, Domke-Wolf M, Jungmann SM. Dissociation of Implicit and Explicit Interpretation Bias: The Role of Depressive Symptoms and Negative Cognitive Schemata. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1620. [PMID: 38137068 PMCID: PMC10742311 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13121620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
A negative interpretation bias appears to depend on several depression-related state and trait characteristics, most notably depressive symptoms, negative mood, and negative cognitive schemas. While empirical findings for explicitly assessed interpretation bias are rather consistent, implicit measures have revealed heterogeneous results. In this context, we present two studies investigating the relationship between implicit and explicit interpretation bias and depression- and anxiety-related state and trait variables. In the first study, we conducted an implicit ambiguous cue-conditioning task (ACCT) with 113 young, healthy individuals. In the second study, we utilized an explicit ambiguous social situations task (DUCTUS) with 113 young, healthy individuals. Additionally, a subsample of 46 participants completed both the ACCT and DUCTUS tasks to directly relate the two bias scores obtained from the implicit and explicit assessment methods, respectively. In the first study, regression analysis revealed no significant predictors for the implicit interpretation bias. However, in the second study, the explicit negative interpretation bias was significantly predicted by female gender, depressive symptoms, and dysfunctional cognitive schemas. For the subsample that completed both tasks, we observed no significant correlation between the two bias scores obtained from the ACCT and DUCTUS. These results suggest that implicit and explicit interpretation biases are differently associated with depression-related trait and state characteristics, indicating that they represent different aspects of biased information processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michèle Wessa
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Neuropsychology, Institute for Psychology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55122 Mainz, Germany
- Research Group Wessa, Leibniz-Institute of Resilience Research (LIR), 55122 Mainz, Germany
| | - Mila Domke-Wolf
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Neuropsychology, Institute for Psychology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55122 Mainz, Germany
| | - Stefanie M. Jungmann
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Experimental Psychopathology and Psychotherapy, Institute for Psychology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55122 Mainz, Germany;
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7
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Reisch AA, Bessette KL, Jenkins LM, Skerrett KA, Gabriel LB, Kling LR, Stange JP, Ryan KA, Schreiner MW, Crowell SE, Kaufman EA, Langenecker SA. Human emotion processing accuracy, negative biases, and fMRI activation are associated with childhood trauma. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1181785. [PMID: 37908596 PMCID: PMC10614639 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1181785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Emerging literature suggests that childhood trauma may influence facial emotion perception (FEP), with the potential to negatively bias both emotion perception and reactions to emotion-related inputs. Negative emotion perception biases are associated with a range of psychiatric and behavioral problems, potentially due or as a result of difficult social interactions. Unfortunately, there is a poor understanding of whether observed negative biases are related to childhood trauma history, depression history, or processes common to (and potentially causative of) both experiences. Methods The present cross-sectional study examines the relation between FEP and neural activation during FEP with retrospectively reported childhood trauma in young adult participants with remitted major depressive disorder (rMDD, n = 41) and without psychiatric histories (healthy controls [HC], n = 34). Accuracy of emotion categorization and negative bias errors during FEP and brain activation were each measured during exposure to fearful, angry, happy, sad, and neutral faces. We examined participant behavioral and neural responses in relation to total reported severity of childhood abuse and neglect (assessed with the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, CTQ). Results Results corrected for multiple comparisons indicate that higher trauma scores were associated with greater likelihood of miscategorizing happy faces as angry. Activation in the right middle frontal gyrus (MFG) positively correlated with trauma scores when participants viewed faces that they correctly categorized as angry, fearful, sad, and happy. Discussion Identifying the neural mechanisms by which childhood trauma and MDD may change facial emotion perception could inform targeted prevention efforts for MDD or related interpersonal difficulties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis A. Reisch
- Cognitive Neuroscience Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Katie L. Bessette
- Cognitive Neuroscience Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Huntsman Mental Health Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Lisanne M. Jenkins
- Cognitive Neuroscience Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Kristy A. Skerrett
- Cognitive Neuroscience Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Laura B. Gabriel
- Cognitive Neuroscience Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Leah R. Kling
- Cognitive Neuroscience Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jonathan P. Stange
- Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry and the Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Kelly A. Ryan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Mindy Westlund Schreiner
- Department of Psychiatry and Huntsman Mental Health Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Sheila E. Crowell
- Department of Psychiatry and Huntsman Mental Health Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Department of Psychology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Erin A. Kaufman
- Department of Psychiatry and Huntsman Mental Health Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Scott A. Langenecker
- Cognitive Neuroscience Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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Frommelt T, Bäumler L, Rohleder N, Schulte-Körne G, Platt B. Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial investigating the effect of online interpretation bias intervention on stress reactivity in the children of parents with depression: the CoCo study. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:378. [PMID: 37254177 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-04803-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current preventive interventions for the children of parents with depression demonstrate modest effects on depression incidence. This may be because existing interventions tend to comprise general psychotherapeutic tools, rather than targeting the specific mechanisms underlying familial transmission. Improved theoretical models of familial transmission could enhance the development of targeted interventions. Although existing models assume that cognitive and biological vulnerability factors influence one another, the precise mechanisms are unknown. This project is the first to experimentally test whether negative interpretation bias has an impact on cortisol response in children of parents with depression. This study protocol reports a randomised controlled trial of an interpretation bias intervention which aims to shift participants' interpretation bias in a more positive direction and thereby alter their stress response. METHODS Children aged 10-14 years who have i) one parent with a current or previous depression diagnosis, with at least one episode occurring during the child's lifetime and ii) do not have a current or previous psychiatric diagnosis themselves, will be assigned to one of two conditions: an interpretation bias intervention (n = 50) or a structurally similar placebo intervention (n = 50). The interpretation bias intervention consists of a short lab-based cognitive reappraisal of interpretations training, a four-week app-based Cognitive Bias Modification of Interpretations intervention and interpretation bias specific if-then plans. Interpretation bias will be assessed before and after the intervention using the Scrambled Sentences Task. The effect of the intervention on participants' stress response will be assessed by salivary cortisol collected at five different time points: from immediately before until 45 min after administering the Trier Social Stressor Test for Children. Stress reactivity will be measured via baseline to peak cortisol and stress recovery will be measured via the 45 min cortisol marker. We hypothesise that children who participate in the interpretation bias intervention will display a positive shift in interpretation bias and this, in turn, will alter their stress response. Children who receive the placebo intervention are expected to show a smaller positive shift in interpretation bias and stress reactivity. DISCUSSION The findings of the present study will contribute to models of familial depression transmission as well as informing preventive interventions. If training a more positive interpretation bias subsequently alters participants' stress response, then incorporating such tools may increase the efficacy of existing preventive interventions. TRIAL REGISTRATION Deutsches Register Klinischer Studien DRKS00028842. Registered August 19, 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonya Frommelt
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital Munich, Nussbaumstr. 5, 80336, Munich, Germany.
| | - Leonie Bäumler
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital Munich, Nussbaumstr. 5, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Nicolas Rohleder
- Department of Psychology, Chair of Health Psychology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nägelsbachstr. 49a, 91052, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gerd Schulte-Körne
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital Munich, Nussbaumstr. 5, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Belinda Platt
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital Munich, Nussbaumstr. 5, 80336, Munich, Germany
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Bennett EM, Gray P, Lau JYF. Early Life Maltreatment and Adolescent Interpretations of Ambiguous Social Situations: Investigating Interpersonal Cognitions and Emotional Symptoms. JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT TRAUMA 2023; 16:1-8. [PMID: 36883186 PMCID: PMC9908788 DOI: 10.1007/s40653-022-00469-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In the general population, negative interpretations of social situations have been associated with risk of developing emotional disorders such as anxiety and depression. Given that childhood maltreatment poses risk for later emotional disorders, this study examined whether interpersonal cognitive style differentiated maltreated adolescents from their non-maltreated peers and correlated with emotional symptoms across each group. Forty-seven maltreated and 28 non-maltreated adolescents were recruited from New South Wales, Australia to complete a battery of questionnaires that assessed interpersonal cognitions and levels of anxiety and depression. Comparable endorsement of threatening interpretations of social situations between maltreated adolescents and their non-maltreated peers across measures was found. Furthermore, an association between anxiety and depressive symptoms and interpretation bias was found within the non-maltreatment group but not the maltreated group. Unlike general population samples, negative cognitions do not associate with emotional symptoms in victims of early maltreatment. More research is needed to investigate the cognitive factors maintaining emotional symptoms in adolescent victims of maltreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul Gray
- NSW Department of Family and Community Services, Liverpool, NSW Australia
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10
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Myers TL, Gladstone TRG, Beardslee WR. The Transition to Adulthood in Children of Depressed Parents: Long-Term Follow-Up Data from the Family Talk Preventive Intervention Project. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3313. [PMID: 36834008 PMCID: PMC9965635 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about the effects of parental depression on offspring as they transition to adulthood-a challenging time developmentally, when late adolescents must separate from home, achieve intimate relationships, and develop a sense of identity. We present long-term quantitative and qualitative data from early adolescents with a depressed parent who were randomized to one of two family-based preventive interventions and followed over time, across the transition to young adulthood. Specifically, we present clinical measures of psychopathology and Likert-scale questionnaire data from young adults and their parents regarding the transition to adulthood and perceptions of the interventions. We also report in-depth qualitative interview data from young adults about the effects of parental depression on their transition to adulthood. Findings suggest that leaving home, establishing relationships, and coping with stressors may be challenging for emerging adults. Furthermore, the interviews highlight the importance of siblings, the burden of parental depression, and the development of self-understanding and empathy in young adults who grew up with a depressed parent. Data suggest that clinicians, policy makers, educators, and employers must address the preventive and clinical needs of young people and their families as they transition to young adulthood after growing up with depressed parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor L. Myers
- Wellesley Centers for Women, Wellesley College, 106 Central St., Wellesley, MA 02481, USA
| | - Tracy R. G. Gladstone
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, School of Public Health, Brown University, 121 South Main St., Providence, RI 02903, USA
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11
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Chen L, Liu X, Weng X, Huang M, Weng Y, Zeng H, Li Y, Zheng D, Chen C. The Emotion Regulation Mechanism in Neurotic Individuals: The Potential Role of Mindfulness and Cognitive Bias. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:896. [PMID: 36673652 PMCID: PMC9858632 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20020896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Neuroticism is a personality trait that impacts daily life and raises the risk of mental problems and physical illnesses. To understand the emotion regulation mechanism of neurotic individuals, we developed two complementary studies to examine the effects of mindfulness and negative cognitive bias. In Study 1, four scales (EPQ-RSC, FFMQ, CERQ, NCPBQ) were used for assessment. Correlation analysis and structural comparison showed that: (1) the level of neuroticism was positively correlated with negative emotion regulation; (2) negative cognitive bias mediated the relationship between neuroticism and emotion regulation; (3) mindfulness and negative cognitive bias mediated the relationship in a chain. Study 1 showed that cognitive bias may play a key role in the emotion regulation mechanism. Study 2 further explored the cognitive bias of neurotic individuals using three behavioral experiments. A mixed-design ANOVA indicated that individuals with high neuroticism levels exhibited negative attention, memory, and interpretation biases. Our findings extend previous research on emotion regulation problems of neurotic individuals and broaden the field to personality-based emotion disorders. In particular, a theoretical rationale is provided for the application of cognitive behavioral therapy, such as mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT), to the emotion regulation of neurotic individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Chen
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510631, China
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Xiqin Liu
- School of Foreign Languages, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Xiangrun Weng
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510631, China
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Mingzhu Huang
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510631, China
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Yuhan Weng
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510631, China
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Haoran Zeng
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510631, China
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Yifan Li
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510631, China
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Danna Zheng
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510631, China
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Caiqi Chen
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510631, China
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
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12
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Slesnick N, Zhang J, Feng X, Mallory A, Martin J, Famelia R, Brakenhoff B, Yilmazer T, Wu Q, Ford J, Holowacz E, Jaderlund S, Hatsu I, Luthy E, Chavez L, Walsh L, Kelleher K. Housing and supportive services for substance use and self-efficacy among young mothers experiencing homelessness: A randomized controlled trial. J Subst Abuse Treat 2023; 144:108917. [PMID: 36368259 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsat.2022.108917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Homeless mothers with young children in their care contend with high rates of substance use and low self-efficacy. However, a limited number of studies have examined these outcomes associated with housing and supportive services. DESIGN Participants were randomly assigned to: (1) housing + support services (n = 80), (2) housing-only (n = 80), or (3) services as usual (SAU) (n = 80) and were re-assessed at 3-, 6-, 9- and 12-months postbaseline. SETTINGS The study recruited a community-based sample from homeless service agencies and advertisements in a large Midwestern city. PARTICIPANTS The study recruited two hundred forty (N = 240) women between the ages of 18 to 24 years, experiencing homelessness and with a substance use disorder (SUD) who also had a biological child under the age of 6 years in their care. MEASUREMENTS We measured frequency of alcohol and drug use using the Form 90 semi-structured interview, and self-efficacy using Pearlin and Schooler's (1978) 7-item Mastery Scale. FINDINGS Overall, mothers showed significant improvement in substance use and self-efficacy over time in each condition. However, as expected, patterns of change differentiated intervention groups with more mothers showing better substance use and self-efficacy outcomes in housing + supportive services than in SAU. Unexpectedly, more mothers in SAU showed better outcomes than those in housing-only. CONCLUSIONS Substance use decreased and self-efficacy increased over time, but patterns of change characterized the intervention groups. In particular, findings suggest that when providing housing to this population, supportive services should also be offered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Slesnick
- College of Education and Human Ecology, Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, 1787 Neil Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, United States of America.
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States of America
| | - Xin Feng
- College of Education and Human Ecology, Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, 1787 Neil Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, United States of America
| | - Allen Mallory
- College of Education and Human Ecology, Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, 1787 Neil Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, United States of America
| | - Jared Martin
- College of Education and Human Ecology, Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, 1787 Neil Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, United States of America
| | - Ruri Famelia
- College of Education and Human Ecology, Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, 1787 Neil Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, United States of America
| | - Brittany Brakenhoff
- College of Education and Human Ecology, Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, 1787 Neil Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, United States of America
| | - Tansel Yilmazer
- College of Education and Human Ecology, Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, 1787 Neil Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, United States of America
| | - Qiong Wu
- Department of Family and Child Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States of America
| | - Jodi Ford
- College of Nursing, The Ohio State University, 1585 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, United States of America
| | - Eugene Holowacz
- College of Education and Human Ecology, Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, 1787 Neil Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, United States of America
| | - Soren Jaderlund
- College of Education and Human Ecology, Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, 1787 Neil Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, United States of America
| | - Irene Hatsu
- College of Education and Human Ecology, Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, 1787 Neil Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, United States of America
| | - Ellison Luthy
- College of Education and Human Ecology, Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, 1787 Neil Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, United States of America
| | - Laura Chavez
- Center for Innovation in Pediatric Practice, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH 43205, United States of America
| | - Laura Walsh
- College of Education and Human Ecology, Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, 1787 Neil Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, United States of America
| | - Kelly Kelleher
- Center for Innovation in Pediatric Practice, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH 43205, United States of America
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13
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Infralimbic medial prefrontal cortex signalling to calbindin 1 positive neurons in posterior basolateral amygdala suppresses anxiety- and depression-like behaviours. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5462. [PMID: 36115848 PMCID: PMC9482654 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33139-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Generalization is a fundamental cognitive ability of organisms to deal with the uncertainty in real-world situations. Excessive fear generalization and impaired reward generalization are closely related to many psychiatric disorders. However, the neural circuit mechanism for reward generalization and its role in anxiety-like behaviours remain elusive. Here, we found a robust activation of calbindin 1-neurons (Calb 1) in the posterior basolateral amygdala (pBLA), simultaneous with reward generalization to an ambiguous cue after reward conditioning in mice. We identify the infralimbic medial prefrontal cortex (IL) to the pBLACalb1 (Calb 1 neurons in the pBLA) pathway as being involved in reward generalization for the ambiguity. Activating IL–pBLA inputs strengthens reward generalization and reduces chronic unpredictable mild stress-induced anxiety- and depression-like behaviours in a manner dependent on pBLACalb1 neuron activation. These findings suggest that the IL–pBLACalb1 circuit could be a target to promote stress resilience via reward generalization and consequently ameliorate anxiety- and depression-like behaviours. The neural mechanisms for reward generalization are not fully understood. Here the authors investigate the role of posterior basolateral amygdala calbindin-expressing cells in modulating behavioural responses related to reward and aversion.
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14
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Hodges TE, Lee GY, Noh SH, Galea LA. Sex and age differences in cognitive bias and neural activation in response to cognitive bias testing. Neurobiol Stress 2022; 18:100458. [PMID: 35586750 PMCID: PMC9109184 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2022.100458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive symptoms of depression, including negative cognitive bias, are more severe in women than in men. Current treatments to reduce negative cognitive bias are not effective and sex differences in the neural activity underlying cognitive bias may play a role. Here we examined sex and age differences in cognitive bias and functional connectivity in a novel paradigm. Male and female rats underwent an 18-day cognitive bias procedure, in which they learned to discriminate between two contexts (shock paired context A, no-shock paired context B), during either adolescence (postnatal day (PD 40)), young adulthood (PD 100), or middle-age (PD 210). Cognitive bias was measured as freezing behaviour in response to an ambiguous context (context C), with freezing levels akin to the shock paired context coded as negative bias. All animals learned to discriminate between the two contexts, regardless of sex or age. However, adults (young adults, middle-aged) displayed a greater negative cognitive bias compared to adolescents, and middle-aged males had a greater negative cognitive bias than middle-aged females. Females had greater neural activation of the nucleus accumbens, amygdala, and hippocampal regions to the ambiguous context compared to males, and young rats (adolescent, young adults) had greater neural activation in these regions compared to middle-aged rats. Functional connectivity between regions involved in cognitive bias differed by age and sex, and only adult males had negative correlations between the frontal regions and hippocampal regions. These findings highlight the importance of examining age and sex when investigating the underpinnings of negative cognitive bias and lay the groundwork for determining what age- and sex-specific regions to target in future cognitive bias studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis E. Hodges
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - Grace Y. Lee
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sophia H. Noh
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - Liisa A.M. Galea
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Canada
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of British Columbia, Canada
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Canada
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15
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Mayer JS, Brandt GA, Medda J, Basten U, Grimm O, Reif A, Freitag CM. Depressive symptoms in youth with ADHD: the role of impairments in cognitive emotion regulation. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2022; 272:793-806. [PMID: 35107603 PMCID: PMC9279209 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-022-01382-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Youth with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are at increased risk to develop co-morbid depression. Identifying factors that contribute to depression risk may allow early intervention and prevention. Poor emotion regulation, which is common in adolescents, is a candidate risk factor. Impaired cognitive emotion regulation is a fundamental characteristic of depression and depression risk in the general population. However, little is known about cognitive emotion regulation in youth with ADHD and its link to depression and depression risk. Using explicit and implicit measures, this study assessed cognitive emotion regulation in youth with ADHD (N = 40) compared to demographically matched healthy controls (N = 40) and determined the association with depressive symptomatology. As explicit measure, we assessed the use of cognitive emotion regulation strategies via self-report. As implicit measure, performance in an ambiguous cue-conditioning task was assessed as indicator of affective bias in the processing of information. Compared to controls, patients reported more frequent use of maladaptive (i.e., self-blame, catastrophizing, and rumination) and less frequent use of adaptive (i.e., positive reappraisal) emotion regulation strategies. This pattern was associated with the severity of current depressive symptoms in patients. In the implicit measure of cognitive bias, there was no significant difference in response of patients and controls and no association with depression. Our findings point to depression-related alterations in the use of cognitive emotion regulation strategies in youth with ADHD. The study suggests those alterations as a candidate risk factor for ADHD-depression comorbidity that may be used for risk assessment and prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jutta S Mayer
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Deutschordenstraße 50, 60528, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Geva A Brandt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, J 5, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Juliane Medda
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Deutschordenstraße 50, 60528, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ulrike Basten
- Department of Psychology, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, 76829, Landau in der Pfalz, Germany
| | - Oliver Grimm
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Heinrich-Hoffmann-Str. 10, 60528, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Andreas Reif
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Heinrich-Hoffmann-Str. 10, 60528, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Christine M Freitag
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Deutschordenstraße 50, 60528, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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16
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Doom JR, Rozenman M, Fox KR, Phu T, Subar AR, Seok D, Rivera KM. The Transdiagnostic Origins of Anxiety and Depression During the Pediatric Period: Linking NIMH Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) Constructs to Ecological Systems. Dev Psychopathol 2021; 33:1599-1619. [PMID: 35281333 PMCID: PMC8916713 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579421000559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In the last decade, an abundance of research has utilized the NIMH Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) framework to examine mechanisms underlying anxiety and depression in youth. However, relatively little work has examined how these mechanistic intrapersonal processes intersect with context during childhood and adolescence. The current paper covers reviews and meta-analyses that have linked RDoC-relevant constructs to ecological systems in internalizing problems in youth. Specifically, cognitive, biological, and affective factors within the RDoC framework were examined. Based on these reviews and some of the original empirical research they cover, we highlight the integral role of ecological factors to the RDoC framework in predicting onset and maintenance of internalizing problems in youth. Specific recommendations are provided for researchers using the RDoC framework to inform future research integrating ecological systems and development. We advocate for future research and research funding to focus on better integration of the environment and development into the RDoC framework.
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17
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Lucantonio F, Kim E, Su Z, Chang AJ, Bari BA, Cohen JY. Aversive stimuli bias corticothalamic responses to motivationally significant cues. eLife 2021; 10:57634. [PMID: 34738905 PMCID: PMC8570692 DOI: 10.7554/elife.57634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Making predictions about future rewards or punishments is fundamental to adaptive behavior. These processes are influenced by prior experience. For example, prior exposure to aversive stimuli or stressors changes behavioral responses to negative- and positive-value predictive cues. Here, we demonstrate a role for medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) neurons projecting to the paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus (PVT; mPFC→PVT) in this process. We found that a history of aversive stimuli negatively biased behavioral responses to motivationally relevant cues in mice and that this negative bias was associated with hyperactivity in mPFC→PVT neurons during exposure to those cues. Furthermore, artificially mimicking this hyperactive response with selective optogenetic excitation of the same pathway recapitulated the negative behavioral bias induced by aversive stimuli, whereas optogenetic inactivation of mPFC→PVT neurons prevented the development of the negative bias. Together, our results highlight how information flow within the mPFC→PVT circuit is critical for making predictions about motivationally-relevant outcomes as a function of prior experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Lucantonio
- The Solomon H Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Brain Science Institute, Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Eunyoung Kim
- The Solomon H Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Brain Science Institute, Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Zhixiao Su
- The Solomon H Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Brain Science Institute, Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Anna J Chang
- The Solomon H Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Brain Science Institute, Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Bilal A Bari
- The Solomon H Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Brain Science Institute, Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Jeremiah Y Cohen
- The Solomon H Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Brain Science Institute, Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
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18
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Löchner J, Starman-Wöhrle K, Takano K, Engelmann L, Voggt A, Loy F, Bley M, Winogradow D, Hämmerle S, Neumeier E, Wermuth I, Schmitt K, Oort F, Schulte-Körne G, Platt B. A randomised controlled trial of a family-group cognitive-behavioural (FGCB) preventive intervention for the children of parents with depression: short-term effects on symptoms and possible mechanisms. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2021; 15:54. [PMID: 34598737 PMCID: PMC8487152 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-021-00394-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Parental depression is one of the biggest risk factors for youth depression. This parallel randomized controlled trial evaluates the effectiveness of the German version of the family-group-cognitive-behavioral (FGCB) preventive intervention for children of depressed parents. METHODS Families with (i) a parent who has experienced depression and (ii) a healthy child aged 8-17 years (mean = 11.63; 53% female) were randomly allocated (blockwise; stratified by child age and parental depression) to the 12-session intervention (EG; n = 50) or no intervention (CG; usual care; n = 50). Self-reported (unblinded) outcomes were assessed immediately after the intervention (6 months). We hypothesized that CG children would show a greater increase in self-reported symptoms of depression (DIKJ) and internalising/externalising disorder (YSR/CBCL) over time compared to the EG. Intervention effects on secondary outcome variables emotion regulation (FEEL-KJ), attributional style (ASF-KJ), knowledge of depression and parenting style (ESI) were also expected. Study protocol (Belinda Platt, Pietsch, Krick, Oort, & Schulte-Körne, 2014) and trial registration (NCT02115880) reported elsewhere. RESULTS We found significant intervention effects on self-reported internalising ([Formula: see text] = 0.05) and externalising ([Formula: see text] = 0.08) symptoms but did not detect depressive symptoms or parent-reported psychopathology. Parental depression severity did not modify these effects. Both groups showed equally improved knowledge of depression ([Formula: see text] = 0.06). There were no intervention effects on emotion regulation, attributional style or parenting style. CONCLUSION The German version of the FGCB intervention is effective in reducing symptoms of general psychopathology. There was no evidence that the mechanisms targeted in the intervention changed within the intervention period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Löchner
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany. .,German Youth Institute (Deutsches Jugendinstitut E.V.), Munich, Germany.
| | - Kornelija Starman-Wöhrle
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Keisuke Takano
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XDepartment of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Lina Engelmann
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Alessandra Voggt
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Fabian Loy
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Mirjam Bley
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Dana Winogradow
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Stephanie Hämmerle
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Esther Neumeier
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany ,grid.417840.e0000 0001 1017 4547Institut für Therapieforschung, Munich, Germany
| | - Inga Wermuth
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Katharina Schmitt
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Frans Oort
- grid.7177.60000000084992262Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Universiteit Van Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gerd Schulte-Körne
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Belinda Platt
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
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19
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Everaert J. Interpretation of ambiguity in depression. Curr Opin Psychol 2021; 41:9-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2021.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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20
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Trent ES, Viana AG, Raines EM, Conroy HE, Storch EA, Zvolensky MJ. Interpretation biases and depressive symptoms among anxiety-disordered children: The role of individual differences in respiratory sinus arrhythmia. Dev Psychobiol 2021; 63:320-337. [PMID: 32524580 PMCID: PMC8782245 DOI: 10.1002/dev.22002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Individual differences in interpretation biases-the tendency to interpret ambiguous stimuli as threatening-partially explain the presence of comorbid depressive symptoms among anxious youth. Increasing efforts have examined physiological processes that influence the association between interpretation biases and depressive symptoms in this population, and potential gender differences in this relationship. This study examined the moderating role of respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) suppression (i.e., decrease from baseline)-an index of parasympathetic nervous system reactivity-in the association between interpretation biases and depressive symptoms in clinically anxious youth. One-hundred-and-five clinically anxious children (Mage = 10.09 years, SD = 1.22; 56.7% female; 61.9% racial/ethnic minority) completed measures of self-reported and behaviorally indexed interpretation biases, reported anxiety/depression symptom severity, and participated in a speech task. RSA suppression during the task moderated the association between interpretation biases and depressive symptom severity in the total sample. Separate exploratory moderation analyses were conducted among girls and boys. Among girls, RSA suppression moderated the association between behaviorally indexed interpretation biases and depressive symptoms, and marginally moderated (p = .067) the association between self-reported interpretation biases and depressive symptoms. Among boys, RSA suppression was not a significant moderator. These findings may help identify clinically anxious youth most at-risk for comorbid depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika S. Trent
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Andres G. Viana
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Texas institute of Measurement, Evaluation, and Statistics, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Haley E. Conroy
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Eric A. Storch
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael J. Zvolensky
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Behavioral Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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21
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Eyeing ambiguity: Pupillary reactivity during early automatic interpretations in major depressive disorder. Int J Psychophysiol 2021; 164:41-51. [PMID: 33621619 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2021.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Automatic interpretation biases (AIB) are theorized to be a risk factor for depression. However, documenting AIB in depressed persons has been challenging and the source (affective vs cognitive) of AIB remains unclear. We conducted a psychophysiological investigation of AIB in a sample of 25 clinical interview assessed individuals experiencing a current major depressive episode and 28 never-depressed control individuals. Participants completed the Word Sentence Association Paradigm for Depression while their pupil size was recorded. Repeated measures ANOVAs were used to examine behavioral response data and multilevel modeling was used to examine pupillary reactivity (change from trial baseline). Compared to controls, the depressed group was both more likely to endorse negative AIB (p = .001, d = 1.01) and less likely to endorse benign AIB (p = .011, d = 0.72). Further, the depressed group exhibited significantly increased pupil size while processing negative words when they endorsed a negative interpretation compared with controls (ps = .010-.037, ds = 0.69-0.87), but did not differ during other AIB trial types. Within group comparisons revealed greater differentiation between interpretations in the healthy control group in both reaction time and pupillary reactivity AIB measures. This depression-related pupillary reactivity pattern fits with an emotional salience-based explanation better than a cognitive effort-based hypothesis of negative AIB, while pupillary reactivity pattern within the control group is consistent with a benign bias. People with depression lack benign AIB and may be more emotionally engaged during negative AIB than healthy controls.
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Dunning EE, McArthur BA, Abramson LY, Alloy LB. Linking Maternal Depression to Adolescent Internalizing Symptoms: Transmission of Cognitive Vulnerabilities. J Youth Adolesc 2021; 50:324-335. [PMID: 33165756 PMCID: PMC7878334 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-020-01342-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms of the well-documented relationship between maternal depression and offspring psychopathology are not yet fully understood. Building upon cognitive theories of depression and the modeling hypothesis, path analyses tested whether maternal depression history predicted adolescent internalizing symptoms via the transmission of cognitive vulnerabilities within a sample of 635 adolescents (Mage = 13.1 years, range = 11.2-17.2 years; 53% female; 48% African American/Black) and their primary female caregivers. Maternal depression history did not directly predict adolescent symptoms. Two significant indirect effects were found; maternal depression history was associated with maternal negative cognitive style, which predicted greater adolescent negative generalization, which, in turn, predicted adolescents' greater depressive and anxiety symptoms. These findings suggest that the transmission of cognitive vulnerabilities may link maternal depression and offspring internalizing psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin E Dunning
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Lyn Y Abramson
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Lauren B Alloy
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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23
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Basanovic J, Grafton B, Ford A, Hirani V, Glance D, MacLeod C, Almeida OP. Cognitive bias modification to prevent depression (COPE): results of a randomised controlled trial. Psychol Med 2020; 50:2514-2525. [PMID: 31544719 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291719002599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although efficacious treatments for major depression are available, efficacy is suboptimal and recurrence is common. Effective preventive strategies could reduce disability associated with the disorder, but current options are limited. Cognitive bias modification (CBM) is a novel and safe intervention that attenuates biases associated with depression. This study investigated whether the delivery of a CBM programme designed to attenuate negative cognitive biases over a period of 1 year would decrease the incidence of major depression among adults with subthreshold symptoms of depression. METHODS Randomised double-blind controlled trial delivered an active CBM intervention or a control intervention over 52 weeks. Two hundred and two community-dwelling adults who reported subthreshold levels of depression were randomised (100 intervention, 102 control). The primary outcome of interest was the incidence of major depressive episode assessed at 11, 27 and 52 weeks. Secondary outcomes included onset of clinically significant symptoms of depression, change in severity of depression symptoms and change in cognitive biases. RESULTS Adherence to the interventions was modest though did not differ between conditions. Incidence of major depressive episodes was low. Conditions did not differ in the incidence of major depressive episodes. Likewise, conditions did not differ in the incidence of clinically significant levels of depression, change in the severity of depression symptoms or change in cognitive biases. CONCLUSIONS Active CBM intervention did not decrease the incidence of major depressive episodes as compared to a control intervention. However, adherence to the intervention programme was modest and the programme failed to modify the expected mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Basanovic
- Centre for the Advancement of Research on Emotion, School of Psychological Science, The University of Western Australia, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Ben Grafton
- Centre for the Advancement of Research on Emotion, School of Psychological Science, The University of Western Australia, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Andrew Ford
- Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Western Australia, Australia
- Western Australian Centre for Health and Ageing, The University of Western Australia, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal Perth Hospital, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Varsha Hirani
- Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Western Australia, Australia
- Western Australian Centre for Health and Ageing, The University of Western Australia, Western Australia, Australia
| | - David Glance
- UWA Centre for Software Practice, The University of Western Australia, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Colin MacLeod
- Centre for the Advancement of Research on Emotion, School of Psychological Science, The University of Western Australia, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Osvaldo P Almeida
- Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Western Australia, Australia
- Western Australian Centre for Health and Ageing, The University of Western Australia, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal Perth Hospital, Western Australia, Australia
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24
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Gasse A, Kim WS, Gagnon J. Association between depression and hostile attribution bias in hostile and non-hostile individuals: An ERP study. J Affect Disord 2020; 276:1077-1083. [PMID: 32771859 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hostility and aggression have been found to be highly prevalent among depressed patients and are associated with higher comorbidity and illness severity levels. Although negative interpretation biases are a fundamental element of cognitive models of depression, few studies have examined the specific biases in information processing, mainly the hostile attribution bias, found in hostile individuals who present depressive symptoms. METHOD Using pre-collected data from a sample of 72 (male=41,6%, female=58,3%) undergraduate and community-based hostile (n = 26) and non-hostile (n = 46) adult participants, the authors aimed to examine the association between depression and the hostile attribution bias by determining whether depression level scores were uniquely related to electrophysiological measures of the hostile attribution bias. RESULTS The hostile group showed higher measured levels of depression and reactive aggression compared to the non-hostile group. Also, depression scores were significant predictors of the N400 effect in the non-hostile task condition, while reactive aggression was not, whereas in the hostile condition, the overall model was significant, with depression and reactive aggression levels both showing strong trends towards significance. LIMITATIONS A small sample size limited the scope of our conclusions. Also, sample selection prevented us from examining specific group differences regarding the hostile attribution bias in depressed and non-depressed groups. CONCLUSION Clinical and research implications include the necessity to apply cognitive restructuring techniques to counter biased interpretation processes in settings where depression and aggression intersect, and the need to consider alternatives to self-evaluative methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gasse
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation of Greater Montreal, Canada; Laboratoire d'électrophysiologie en neuroscience sociale (LENS), University of Montreal, Canada; School of Criminology, University of Montreal, Canada.
| | - W S Kim
- Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Canada; Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation of Greater Montreal, Canada; Laboratoire d'électrophysiologie en neuroscience sociale (LENS), University of Montreal, Canada
| | - J Gagnon
- Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Canada; Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation of Greater Montreal, Canada; Laboratoire d'électrophysiologie en neuroscience sociale (LENS), University of Montreal, Canada
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Sfärlea A, Buhl C, Loechner J, Neumüller J, Asperud Thomsen L, Starman K, Salemink E, Schulte-Körne G, Platt B. "I Am a Total…Loser" - The Role of Interpretation Biases in Youth Depression. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2020; 48:1337-1350. [PMID: 32654075 PMCID: PMC7445197 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-020-00670-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Negative interpretation biases have been found to characterize adults with depression and to be involved in the development and maintenance of the disorder. However, less is known about their role in youth depression. The present study investigated i) whether negative interpretation biases characterize children and adolescents with depression and ii) to what extent these biases are more pronounced in currently depressed youth compared to youth at risk for depression (as some negative interpretation biases have been found already in high-risk youth before disorder onset). After a negative mood induction interpretation biases were assessed with two experimental tasks: Ambiguous Scenarios Task (AST) and Scrambled Sentences Task (SST) in three groups of 9-14-year-olds: children and adolescents with a diagnosis of major depression (n = 32), children and adolescents with a high risk for depression (children of depressed parents; n = 48), as well as low-risk children and adolescents (n = 42). Depressed youth exhibited substantially more negative interpretation biases than both high-risk and low-risk groups (as assessed with both tasks), while the high-risk group showed more negative interpretation biases than the low-risk group only as assessed via the SST. The results indicate that the negative interpretation biases that are to some extent already present in high-risk populations before disorder onset are strongly amplified in currently depressed youth. The different findings for the two tasks suggest that more implicit interpretation biases (assessed with the SST) might represent cognitive vulnerabilities for depression whereas more explicit interpretation biases (assessed with the AST) may arise as a consequence of depressive symptomatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca Sfärlea
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nußbaumstr. 5a, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Christina Buhl
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nußbaumstr. 5a, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Johanna Loechner
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nußbaumstr. 5a, 80336 Munich, Germany
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jakob Neumüller
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nußbaumstr. 5a, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Laura Asperud Thomsen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nußbaumstr. 5a, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Kornelija Starman
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nußbaumstr. 5a, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Elske Salemink
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gerd Schulte-Körne
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nußbaumstr. 5a, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Belinda Platt
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nußbaumstr. 5a, 80336 Munich, Germany
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Ito N, Sasaki K, Takemoto H, Kobayashi Y, Isoda H, Odaguchi H. Emotional Impairments and Neuroinflammation are Induced in Male Mice Invulnerable to Repeated Social Defeat Stress. Neuroscience 2020; 443:148-163. [PMID: 32707290 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Prolonged stress triggers neuroinflammation, which plays a significant role in the development of depression; however, stressed people do not always suffer from depression because of individual differences in stress vulnerability. Negative cognitive bias (NCB) toward pessimistic judgment often underlies depressive episodes. However, a relationship between stress vulnerability, neuroinflammation, and NCB remains elusive. In addition, an animal model with all the traits would be a powerful tool for studying the etiology of depression and its therapeutic approaches. Accordingly, this study evaluated the effect of stress vulnerability on neuroinflammation and depression-related behaviors, including NCB in males, using a modified version of repeated social defeat stress (mRSDS) paradigm, a validated animal model of psychosocial stress. Exposure to mRSDS, consisting of 5 min of social defeat by unfamiliar CD-1 aggressor mice for five consecutive days, caused NCB, which co-occurred with depressive- and anxiety-like behaviors, and neuroinflammation in male BALB/c mice. Treatment with minocycline, an antibiotic with anti-inflammatory property, blocked mRSDS-induced depressive-like behaviors and neuroinflammation, but not NCB, indicating the limited effect of an anti-inflammatory intervention. In addition, marked differences were found in neuroinflammatory profiles and hippocampal gene expression patterns between resilient and unstressed mice, as well as between susceptible and resilient mice. Therefore, mice resilient to mRSDS are indeed not intact. Our findings provide insights into the unique features of the mRSDS model in male BALB/c mice, which could be used to investigate the etiological mechanisms underlying depression as well as bridge the gap in the relationship between stress vulnerability, neuroinflammation, and NCB in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Ito
- Department of Clinical Research, Oriental Medicine Research Center, Kitasato University, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8642, Japan.
| | - Kazunori Sasaki
- Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan; Interdisciplinary Research Center for Catalytic Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan; Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Takemoto
- School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8642, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Kobayashi
- Department of Clinical Research, Oriental Medicine Research Center, Kitasato University, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8642, Japan; School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8642, Japan
| | - Hiroko Isoda
- Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan; Interdisciplinary Research Center for Catalytic Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan; Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Odaguchi
- Department of Clinical Research, Oriental Medicine Research Center, Kitasato University, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8642, Japan
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27
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Vinograd M, Williams A, Sun M, Bobova L, Wolitzky-Taylor KB, Vrshek-Schallhorn S, Mineka S, Zinbarg RE, Craske MG. Neuroticism and interpretive bias as risk factors for anxiety and depression. Clin Psychol Sci 2020; 8:641-656. [PMID: 32923175 PMCID: PMC7485931 DOI: 10.1177/2167702620906145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Neuroticism has been associated with depression and anxiety both cross-sectionally and longitudinally. Interpretive bias has been associated with depression and anxiety, primarily in cross-sectional and bias induction studies. The purpose of the current study was to examine the role of interpretive bias as a prospective risk factor and a mediator of the relation between neuroticism and depressive and anxious symptoms in young adults assessed longitudinally. Neuroticism significantly predicted a broad general distress dimension, but not intermediate fears and anhedonia-apprehension dimensions, nor a narrow social fears dimension. Neuroticism also significantly predicted negative interpretive bias for social scenarios. Negative interpretive bias for social scenarios did not significantly predict dimension scores, nor did it mediate the relation between neuroticism and general distress or social fears. These results suggest that although neuroticism relates to negative interpretive bias, its risk for symptoms of depression and anxiety is at most weakly conferred through negative interpretive bias.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Richard E Zinbarg
- Northwestern University and The Family Institute at Northwestern University
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28
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Loechner J, Sfärlea A, Starman K, Oort F, Thomsen LA, Schulte-Körne G, Platt B. Risk of Depression in the Offspring of Parents with Depression: The Role of Emotion Regulation, Cognitive Style, Parenting and Life Events. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2020; 51:294-309. [PMID: 31691071 PMCID: PMC7067707 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-019-00930-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Children of depressed parents are at heightened risk for developing depression, yet relatively little is known about the specific mechanisms responsible. Since preventive interventions for this risk group show small effects which diminish overtime, it is crucial to uncover the key risk factors for depression. This study compared various potential mechanisms in children of depressed (high-risk; n = 74) versus non-depressed (low-risk; n = 37) parents and explored mediators of parental depression and risk in offspring. A German sample of N = 111 boys and girls aged 8 to 17 years were compared regarding children's (i) symptoms of depression and general psychopathology, (ii) emotion regulation strategies, (iii) attributional style, (iv) perceived parenting style and (v) life events. Children in the high-risk group showed significantly more symptoms of depression and general psychopathology, less adaptive emotion regulation strategies, fewer positive life events and fewer positive parenting strategies in comparison with the low-risk group. Group differences in positive and negative attributional style were small and not statistically significant in a MANOVA test. Maladaptive emotion regulation strategies and negative life events were identified as partial mediators of the association between parental depression and children's risk of depression. The study highlights the elevated risk of depression in children of depressed parents and provides empirical support for existing models of the mechanisms underlying transmission. Interestingly, the high-risk group was characterised by a lack of protective rather than increased vulnerability factors. These results are crucial for developing more effective preventive interventions for this high-risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Loechner
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Nussbaumstraße 5a, 80336, Munich, Germany.
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Munich, Leopoldstraße 13, 80303, Munich, Germany.
| | - Anca Sfärlea
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Nussbaumstraße 5a, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Kornelija Starman
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Nussbaumstraße 5a, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Frans Oort
- Research Institute of Child Development and Education, Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Laura Asperud Thomsen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Nussbaumstraße 5a, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Gerd Schulte-Körne
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Nussbaumstraße 5a, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Belinda Platt
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Nussbaumstraße 5a, 80336, Munich, Germany
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29
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Understanding positive emotion deficits in depression: From emotion preferences to emotion regulation. Clin Psychol Rev 2020; 76:101826. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2020.101826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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30
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Lin XX, Sun YB, Wang YZ, Fan L, Wang X, Wang N, Luo F, Wang JY. Ambiguity Processing Bias Induced by Depressed Mood Is Associated with Diminished Pleasantness. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18726. [PMID: 31822749 PMCID: PMC6904491 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55277-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Depressed individuals are biased to perceive, interpret, and judge ambiguous cues in a negative/pessimistic manner. Depressed mood can induce and exacerbate these biases, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. We theorize that depressed mood can bias ambiguity processing by altering one's subjective emotional feelings (e.g. pleasantness/unpleasantness) of the cues. This is because when there is limited objective information, individuals often rely on subjective feelings as a source of information for cognitive processing. To test this theory, three groups (induced depression vs. spontaneous depression vs. neutral) were tested in the Judgement Bias Task (JBT), a behavioral assay of ambiguity processing bias. Subjective pleasantness/unpleasantness of cues was measured by facial electromyography (EMG) from the zygomaticus major (ZM, "smiling") and from the corrugator supercilii (CS, "frowning") muscles. As predicted, induced sad mood (vs. neutral mood) yielded a negative bias with a magnitude comparable to that in a spontaneous depressed mood. The facial EMG data indicates that the negative judgement bias induced by depressed mood was associated with a decrease in ZM reactivity (i.e., diminished perceived pleasantness of cues). Our results suggest that depressed mood may bias ambiguity processing by affecting the reward system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xiao Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ya-Bin Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Zheng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Fan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Luo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Yan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China.
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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31
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Visted E, Sørensen L, Vøllestad J, Osnes B, Svendsen JL, Jentschke S, Binder PE, Schanche E. The Association Between Juvenile Onset of Depression and Emotion Regulation Difficulties. Front Psychol 2019; 10:2262. [PMID: 31695636 PMCID: PMC6816416 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Juvenile onset of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is associated with increased likelihood of recurrent episodes of depression and more detrimental clinical trajectories. The aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of juvenile onset of MDD on emotion regulation as measured by self-report and Heart Rate Variability (HRV). Furthermore, we wanted to assess whether juvenile onset impacted the association between rumination and depressive symptoms. Sixty-four individuals with at least three prior episodes of MDD were recruited and filled out self-report questionnaires measuring rumination and emotion regulation abilities. In addition, electrocardiographic assessments were used to calculate HRV. Based on self-reported age of MDD onset, individuals were divided in two groups: Juvenile onset of MDD (first MDD episode before the age of 18, n = 30) and adult onset of MDD (first MDD episode after the age of 18, n = 34). Results showed that individuals whose first depressive episode occurred in childhood and adolescence reported more rumination and less emotional clarity compared to individuals who had their first episode of MDD in adulthood. Moreover, the tendency to ruminate was strongly associated with depressive symptoms in the juvenile onset of MDD group, whereas no such association was found in the adult onset group. There was no significant group difference for HRV. The findings are discussed in light of existing literature, in addition to suggesting how our findings may inform clinical practice and future research. We conclude that juvenile onset of MDD may lead to difficulties in emotion regulation and that these difficulties may increase depressive symptoms and vulnerability for relapse in this particular subgroup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Endre Visted
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Lin Sørensen
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jon Vøllestad
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Solli District Psychiatric Center (DPS), Nesttun, Norway
| | - Berge Osnes
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Bjørgvin District Psychiatric Centre, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Julie Lillebostad Svendsen
- Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Per-Einar Binder
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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32
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Boselie JJLM, Goossens MEJB, Muris P, Vancleef LMG. The relation between parental chronic pain, pain-related attention and interpretation biases in pain-free adolescents. Eur J Pain 2019; 23:1663-1673. [PMID: 31231930 PMCID: PMC6790560 DOI: 10.1002/ejp.1444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children of chronic pain patients run greater risk for developing chronic pain themselves. Exposure to chronic pain of the parent might install cognitive (e.g., pain catastrophizing, interpretation and attentional bias) and affective (e.g., pain anxiety) vulnerability which increase the risk for the development of chronic pain complaints in offspring. This study examines whether pain-free offspring of parents with chronic pain complaints make more health-threatening interpretations and display a stronger pain-related attentional bias compared to the offspring of pain-free parents. We furthermore examined differences between both groups on pain catastrophizing, pain anxiety and somatic symptoms and explored the relations between parental pain catastrophizing and aforementioned pain vulnerability measures in offspring. METHODS Offspring of parents with chronic pain complaints (n = 24) and pain-free parents (n = 27) completed measures of attentional bias (i.e., pictorial dot probe), interpretation bias (i.e., ambiguous word association task), pain catastrophizing, pain anxiety and somatic symptoms. Parents completed measures of pain catastrophizing and psychological distress. RESULTS No differences between offspring of parents with and without pain complaints were observed on pain catastrophizing, pain anxiety and somatic symptoms. Both groups of healthy adolescents predominantly showed benign, non-health-threatening interpretations. Children of pain-free parents showed an attention bias for pain stimuli, while offspring of parents with pain complaints showed no such bias. CONCLUSIONS Future research is needed to further elucidate the precise role of parental pain in the development of pain-related biases and the significance of these biases in the onset and/or maintenance of a chronic pain condition in children and adolescents. SIGNIFICANCE Parental chronic pain may install psychological vulnerability for developing chronic pain and associated complaints in offspring. This study did not show differences in pain-directed attentional and interpretation bias between offspring of parents with chronic pain complaints and offspring of pain-free parents. Further (longitudinal) research is needed to elucidate the precise role of parental pain factors in the development of pain-related vulnerability in offspring of chronic pain parents, thereby identifying important targets for the prevention and early intervention of chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mariëlle E. J. B. Goossens
- Clinical Psychological ScienceMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
- Rehabilitation Reseach & Clinical Psychological SciencesMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Peter Muris
- Clinical Psychological ScienceMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
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Abstract
Abstract
Purpose of Review
Adolescent depression is a major public health concern associated with severe outcomes. A lack of efficacious interventions has triggered an increase in cognitive neuropsychology research to identify relevant treatment targets for new interventions. This review summarises key neurocognitive findings in adolescent depression and explores the potential of neurocognitive markers as treatment targets in new interventions.
Recent Findings
Studies support difficulties in the voluntary deployment of attention towards and away from emotional stimuli, negative interpretation biases and overgeneralised autobiographical memories in adolescent depression; however, little evidence is given to a general decline in executive function. There is consistent evidence for abnormalities in several distributed neural networks in adolescent depression, including dysfunction in and between the amygdala, medial prefrontal cortex and ventral striatum.
Summary
The relationships between different cognitive biases and abnormalities in specific neural networks remain unclear. Several new experimental interventions targeting these neurocognitive markers await evaluation.
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Stuart SA, Hinchcliffe JK, Robinson ESJ. Evidence that neuropsychological deficits following early life adversity may underlie vulnerability to depression. Neuropsychopharmacology 2019; 44:1623-1630. [PMID: 30978725 PMCID: PMC6784985 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-019-0388-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Early life adversity (ELA) is a risk factor for major depressive disorder (MDD), however the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Clinical studies suggest that negative affective biases (the process, whereby cognitive processes such as learning and memory and decision-making are modified by emotional state) represent a vulnerability factor for MDD. In this study we investigate the impact of ELA on affective biases and reward-associated behaviours in rats. Sprague Dawley rat pups underwent 14 days of postnatal maternal separation (180 min/day from postnatal day 1: MS180) whilst control pups remained unhandled. In adulthood, affective biases associated with reward learning and decision-making were assessed using the affective bias test (ABT), or judgement bias task (JBT) respectively. Changes in motivation and reward sensitivity were tested in a progressive ratio (PR) schedule of operant responding and the sucrose preference test (SPT) respectively. We observed that MS180 animals expressed enhanced negative biases in response to acute corticosterone treatment but without effects on antidepressant-induced positive biases. ELA animals were impaired in their ability to develop appropriate biases in response to changes in reward value in a modified ABT but in the absence of any changes in reward sensitivity or motivation. No effects on decision-making were observed in the JBT but MS180 animals failed to develop the same more optimistic behavioural profile as controls in response to an increase in reward value. These findings suggest that ELA in rats increases vulnerability to negative affective biases and impairs animals' ability to appropriately learn reward value, independent of a reward sensitivity or changes in motivation. These data provide important evidence linking ELA with relevant neuropsychological impairments that may explain increased risk of developing MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Stuart
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Biomedical Sciences, University Walk, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Justyna K Hinchcliffe
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Biomedical Sciences, University Walk, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Emma S J Robinson
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Biomedical Sciences, University Walk, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK.
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Beard C, Rifkin LS, Silverman AL, Björgvinsson T. Translating CBM-I Into Real-World Settings: Augmenting a CBT-Based Psychiatric Hospital Program. Behav Ther 2019; 50:515-530. [PMID: 31030870 DOI: 10.1016/j.beth.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive bias modification for interpretation (CBM-I) is an appealing augmentation to cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) because it targets cognitive bias efficiently via computerized training. Few studies have tested the combination of CBM-I and CBT, and none have translated lab-based CBM-I protocols to an acute psychiatric setting. The present study describes the development and implementation of CBM-I as an augmentation to a CBT-based partial hospital. We developed a transdiagnostic CBM-I based on the word-sentence association paradigm (WSAP), which reinforces individuals for endorsing benign interpretations and rejecting negative interpretations of ambiguous sentences. Over two iterations of development, we randomly assigned patients (N = 127; M age = 34.21; 58% female, 40% male, 2% nonbinary) to either CBM-I or a control group (Phase 1: neutral WSAP task; Phase 2: treatment as usual). CBM-I comprised daily sessions (10 minutes) completed during program hours, and number of sessions varied naturalistically according to patient length of stay. Primary outcomes included feasibility, acceptability, and target engagement (interpretation bias). CBM-I was feasible and acceptable to acute psychiatric patients, and successfully shifted interpretation for novel stimuli. Patient feedback suggested that participants viewed CBM-I as bolstering their primary CBT-based care. Exploratory analyses examining clinical benefit revealed a small between-group effect on anxiety severity (d = 0.378), but no group differences on depression outcomes (d = 0.008). Findings indicate that CBM-I is a feasible and acceptable augmentation to CBT-based partial hospital care. Future studies are warranted to determine who is most likely to benefit from this low-intensity approach.
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Kursakov AA, Sirota NA, Moskovchenko DV, Yaltonsky VM, Yaltonskaya AV. [Modern concepts of nature and pathogenesis of depression (a psychological aspect)]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2019; 119:4-9. [PMID: 31006784 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro2019119124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This review addresses the impairment of cognitive processes in depression, interpersonal interactions and empathy in depressive patients. The authors consider cognitive models of depression showing distortions in domains of attention, memory and interpretation, that may lead to utilizing the rigid automatic approaches of situation evaluation, which impair emotional regulation. Interpersonal theories describe patterns of interpersonal interactions and dysfunctional personal characteristics (interpersonal inhibition, insecure attachment styles) also influencing onset and maintenance of depressive states.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Kursakov
- National Medical Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Moscow, Russia
| | - N A Sirota
- Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - D V Moskovchenko
- Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - V M Yaltonsky
- Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - A V Yaltonskaya
- Serbsky National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Narcology, Moscow, Russia
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LeMoult J, Gotlib IH. Depression: A cognitive perspective. Clin Psychol Rev 2019; 69:51-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2018.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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LeMoult J, Colich N, Joormann J, Singh MK, Eggleston C, Gotlib IH. Interpretation Bias Training in Depressed Adolescents: Near- and Far-Transfer Effects. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2019; 46:159-167. [PMID: 28299526 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-017-0285-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Depressed adolescents are characterized by negative interpretation biases. Although investigators have used cognitive bias modification for interpretation (CBM-I) to experimentally manipulate interpretation biases in depressed adults, the near- and far-transfer effects are not well understood in adolescents diagnosed with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). In this study, we extend previous research by investigating the near- and far-transfer effects of 6 sessions of Positive versus Neutral CBM-I on independent measures of interpretation bias (near-transfer effects) and on attention biases and clinical symptoms (far-transfer effects) in a sample of adolescents with MDD (n = 46). At post-training, adolescents who received Positive CBM-I interpreted ambiguous scenarios more positively than did participants who received Neutral CBM-I, providing evidence of training effectiveness. There was no evidence, however, of near- or far-transfer effects. These findings raise concerns about the malleability of interpretation biases in adolescent depression and suggest that further work is needed to establish the clinical utility of CBM-I for adolescents with MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joelle LeMoult
- University of British Columbia, 2136 West Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada.
| | - Natalie Colich
- Stanford University, Bldg. 420, Jordan Hall, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Jutta Joormann
- Yale University, Box 208205, New Haven, CT, 06520-8205, USA
| | - Manpreet K Singh
- Stanford University, Bldg. 420, Jordan Hall, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Caitlin Eggleston
- University of California, Berkeley, Room 3210, Tolman Hall #1650, Berkeley, CA, 94720-1650, USA
| | - Ian H Gotlib
- Stanford University, Bldg. 420, Jordan Hall, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
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Marusak HA, Iadipaolo AS, Paulisin S, Harper FW, Taub JW, Dulay K, Elrahal F, Peters C, Sala-Hamrick K, Crespo LM, Rabinak CA. Emotion-related brain organization and behavioral responses to socioemotional stimuli in pediatric cancer survivors with posttraumatic stress symptoms. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2019; 66:e27470. [PMID: 30270517 PMCID: PMC6249085 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.27470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pediatric cancer is a life-changing, stressful experience for children and their families. Although most children adjust well, psychologically, a significant subset report posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), with nearly 75% reexperiencing traumatic parts of cancer and/or its treatment. However, little research has examined the effects of pediatric cancer and related PTSS on emotional processing, and on functional properties of key emotional centers in the brain (e.g., amygdala). PROCEDURE We examined cancer-related PTSS, behavioral responses during an emotion-processing task, and resting-state functional connectivity of the amygdala in 17 pediatric cancer survivors (ages 6-11) and 17 age- and sex-matched controls. RESULTS Cancer survivors, relative to controls, were more likely to rate ambiguous (i.e., neutral) faces as negative (i.e., "negativity bias"). Higher reexperiencing PTSS was associated with faster responses to neutral faces. Although there were no group differences in amygdala centrality, within survivors, both higher reexperiencing PTSS and faster reaction times were associated with increased centrality of the amygdala-a functional property associated with hubs of information processing in the brain. In an exploratory mediation analysis, we found that amygdala centrality mediated the link between reaction time and PTSS, suggesting that changes in the brain may be a proximal marker of the expression of emotion-related symptomology. CONCLUSIONS Negativity bias in cancer survivors may reflect their stressful experiences with cancer and/or its treatment. This negativity bias may represent a susceptibility to changes in emotion-related brain functioning, which may, in turn, lead to PTSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilary A. Marusak
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
- Population Studies and Disparities Research Program, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI
| | - Allesandra S. Iadipaolo
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
| | - Shelley Paulisin
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
| | - Felicity W. Harper
- Population Studies and Disparities Research Program, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
| | - Jeffrey W. Taub
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
- Children’s Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI
| | | | - Farrah Elrahal
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
| | - Craig Peters
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
| | | | - Laura M. Crespo
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
| | - Christine A. Rabinak
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
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40
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Koelkebeck K, Vosseler A, Kohl W, Fasshauer T, Lencer R, Satoh S, Kret ME, Minoshita S. Masked ambiguity - Emotion identification in schizophrenia and major depressive disorder. Psychiatry Res 2018; 270:852-860. [PMID: 30551335 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Both patients with schizophrenia and with a major depressive disorder (MDD) display deficits in identifying facial expressions of emotion during acute phases of their illness. However, specific deficit patterns have not yet been reliably demonstrated. Tasks that employ emotionally ambiguous stimuli have recently shown distinct deficit patterns in patients with schizophrenia compared to other mental disorders as well as healthy controls. We here investigate whether a task which uses an ambiguous Japanese (Noh) mask and a corresponding human stimulus generates distinctive emotion attribution patterns in thirty-two Caucasian patients with schizophrenia, matched MDD patients and healthy controls. Results show that patients with schizophrenia displayed reaction time disadvantages compared to healthy controls while identifying sadness and anger. MDD patients were more likely to label stimuli with basic compared to subtle emotional expressions. Moreover, they showed more difficulties assigning emotions to the human stimulus than to the Noh mask. IQ, age and cognitive functioning did not modulate these results. Because overall group differences were not observed, this task is not suitable for diagnosing patients. However, the subtle differences that did emerge might give therapists handles that can be used in therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Koelkebeck
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Muenster University, Medical School, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A9, Muenster 48149, Germany.
| | - Anne Vosseler
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Muenster University, Medical School, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A9, Muenster 48149, Germany.
| | - Waldemar Kohl
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Muenster University, Medical School, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A9, Muenster 48149, Germany.
| | - Teresa Fasshauer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Muenster University, Medical School, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A9, Muenster 48149, Germany.
| | - Rebekka Lencer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Muenster University, Medical School, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A9, Muenster 48149, Germany.
| | - Shinji Satoh
- Institute of Social Psychiatry, 8-12 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
| | - Mariska E Kret
- Leiden University, Cognitive Psychology Unit, Wassenaarseweg 52, Leiden, AK, 2333, The Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Postzone C2-S, P.O. Box 9600, Leiden, RC 2300, The Netherlands.
| | - Seiko Minoshita
- Department of Psychology, Kawamura Gakuen Women's University, Faculty of Liberal Arts, 1133 Sageto, Abiko-city, Chiba 270-1138, Japan.
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41
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Klein AM, Bakens R, van Niekerk RE, Ouwens MA, Rapee RM, Bögels SM, Becker ES, Rinck M. The relation between generalized anxiety disorder symptoms and content-specific interpretation biases for auditory stimuli in children. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 2018; 61:121-127. [PMID: 29990681 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2018.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Cognitive theories of fear suggest that biases in interpretation are content-specific: Fearful children should only interpret materials negatively if they are specifically related to the content of their fear. So far, there are only a few studies available that report on this postulated content-specificity of interpretation processes in childhood fear. The goal of this study was to examine interpretation bias and its content-specificity in children with varying levels of Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) symptoms. METHODS In an Auditory Interpretation Task (AIT), two words that differ by one phoneme are acoustically blended so that one can hear only one of the words. In the current AIT, we included GAD-related blends, negatively-valenced fear-related blends and positive blends. Multiple-choice (n = 371) or open-ended (n = 295) responses were collected from 666 nonclinical children between 7 and 13 years of age. RESULTS Children with higher levels of self-reported GAD showed significantly more negative interpretations of ambiguous GAD-related blends in the multiple-choice version than children with lower levels of GAD. There were no differences when interpreting the other ambiguous blends. This result was not found with the open-ended version. LIMITATIONS Effects were relatively small, some GAD-stimuli were sub-optimal, and the task was administered in a classroom setting. Even though we ensured that all children were able to hear all words clearly, this may have impacted the results. CONCLUSIONS The findings only partly support the idea that fearful children display cognitive biases specific for fear-relevant stimuli, and more research is needed to replicate the results and test the usability of the AIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke M Klein
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, the Netherlands; University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Rian Bakens
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Ronald M Rapee
- Centre for Emotional Health, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Eni S Becker
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Mike Rinck
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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Dooley LN, Kuhlman KR, Robles TF, Eisenberger NI, Craske MG, Bower JE. The role of inflammation in core features of depression: Insights from paradigms using exogenously-induced inflammation. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 94:219-237. [PMID: 30201219 PMCID: PMC6192535 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A wealth of evidence has implicated inflammation in the development of depression. Yet, the heterogeneous nature of depression has impeded efforts to understand, prevent, and treat the disease. The purpose of this integrative review is to summarize the connections between inflammation and established core features of depression that exhibit more homogeneity than the syndrome itself: exaggerated reactivity to negative information, altered reward processing, decreased cognitive control, and somatic syndrome. For each core feature, we first provide a brief overview of its relevance to depression and neurobiological underpinnings, and then review evidence investigating a potential role of inflammation. We focus primarily on findings from experimental paradigms of exogenously-induced inflammation. We conclude that inflammation likely plays a role in exaggerated reactivity to negative information, altered reward reactivity, and somatic symptoms. There is less evidence supporting an effect of inflammation on cognitive control as assessed by standard neuropsychological measures. Finally, we discuss implications for future research and recommendationsfor how to test the role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of heterogeneous psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kate R Kuhlman
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Theodore F Robles
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Naomi I Eisenberger
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Michelle G Craske
- Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Julienne E Bower
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Biases in Interpretation as a Vulnerability Factor for Children of Parents With an Anxiety Disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2018; 57:462-470. [PMID: 29960691 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2018.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Children of parents with an anxiety disorder have a higher risk of developing an anxiety disorder than children of parents without an anxiety disorder. Parental anxiety is not regarded as a causal risk factor itself, but is likely to be mediated via other mechanisms, for example via cognitive factors. We investigated whether children of parents with an anxiety disorder would show an interpretation bias corresponding to the diagnosis of their parent. We also explored whether children's interpretation biases were explained by parental anxiety and/or children's levels of anxiety. METHOD In total, 44 children of parents with a panic disorder (PD), 27 children of parents with a social anxiety disorder (SAD), 7 children of parents with SAD/PD, and 84 children of parents without an anxiety disorder (controls) participated in this study. Parents and children filled out the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Disorders (SCARED) questionnaire, and children performed two ambiguous scenario tasks: one with and one without video priming. RESULTS Children of parents with PD displayed significantly more negative interpretations of panic scenarios and social scenarios than controls. Negative interpretations of panic scenarios were explained by parental PD diagnosis and children's anxiety levels. These effects were not found for children of parents with SAD. Priming did not affect interpretation. CONCLUSION Our results showed that children of parents with PD have a higher chance of interpreting ambiguous situations more negatively than children of parents without anxiety disorders. More research is needed to study whether this negative bias predicts later development of anxiety disorders in children.
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Colich NL, Ho TC, Ellwood-Lowe ME, Foland-Ross LC, Sacchet MD, LeMoult JL, Gotlib IH. Like mother like daughter: putamen activation as a mechanism underlying intergenerational risk for depression. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2018; 12:1480-1489. [PMID: 28575505 PMCID: PMC5629825 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsx073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Having a depressed mother is one of the strongest predictors for developing depression in adolescence. Given the role of aberrant reward processing in the onset and maintenance of depression, we examined the association between mothers’ and their daughters’ neural response to the anticipation of reward and loss. Fifteen non-depressed mothers with a history of recurrent depression and their never-disordered daughters, and 23 mothers without past or current depression and their never-disordered daughters, underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging while performing the monetary incentive delay task. To assess mother-daughter concordance, we first identified ROIs involved in the anticipation of reward and loss across all mother-daughter pairs. Within each of these ROIs, we examined the association between mothers’ and daughters’ neural response, and the interaction between group status and mothers’ neural response in predicting daughters’ neural response. We found a significant association between mothers’ and daughters’ putamen response to the anticipation of loss, regardless of mother’s depression history. Furthermore, pubertal stage moderated the association between mother-daughter putamen concordance. Our findings suggest a unique role of the putamen in the maternal transmission of reward learning and have important implications for understanding disorders characterized by disturbances in reward learning and processing, such as major depression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lara C Foland-Ross
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Matthew D Sacchet
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Joelle L LeMoult
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver BC, Canada
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Abstract
I have been given a priceless opportunity to reflect on my career in the remarkably productive field of risk factors for depression. Psychological research on depression exploded in the early years of my work. I try to give an account of the choices and challenges, and reflect on the influences, some calculated and some serendipitous, that determined the paths I have followed. I focus mostly on the robust depression risk factors that have influenced my research, including dysfunctional cognitions, stressful life events and circumstances, parental depression, interpersonal dysfunction, and being female, and I cover some of what I did but also the influential work of others. This is a selective review of depression research in the past 40 or so years, noting some of the big developments that set the stage for the remarkable activity that continues today. In the conclusion, there is a brief statement of aspirations for future developments in our field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constance Hammen
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA;
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Samara Z, Evers EAT, Peeters F, Uylings HBM, Rajkowska G, Ramaekers JG, Stiers P. Orbital and Medial Prefrontal Cortex Functional Connectivity of Major Depression Vulnerability and Disease. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY: COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2018; 3:348-357. [PMID: 29628067 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pathophysiology models of major depression (MD) center on the dysfunction of various cortical areas within the orbital and medial prefrontal cortex. While independent structural and functional abnormalities in these areas are consistent findings in MD, the complex interactions among them and the rest of the cortex remain largely unexplored. METHODS We used resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging connectivity to systematically map alterations in the communication between orbital and medial prefrontal cortex fields and the rest of the brain in MD. Functional connectivity (FC) maps from participants with current MD (n = 35), unaffected first-degree relatives (n = 36), and healthy control subjects (n = 38) were subjected to conjunction analyses to distinguish FC markers of MD vulnerability and FC markers of MD disease. RESULTS FC abnormalities in MD vulnerability were found for dorsal medial wall regions and the anterior insula and concerned altered communication of these areas with the inferior parietal cortex and dorsal posterior cingulate, occipital areas and the brainstem. FC aberrations in current MD included the anterior insula, rostral and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, and lateral orbitofrontal areas and concerned altered communication with the dorsal striatum, the cerebellum, the precuneus, the anterior prefrontal cortex, somatomotor cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and visual areas in the occipital and inferior temporal lobes. CONCLUSIONS Functionally delineated parcellation maps can be used to identify putative connectivity markers in extended cortical regions such as the orbital and medial prefrontal cortex. The anterior insula and the rostral anterior cingulate cortex play a central role in the pathophysiology of MD, being consistently implicated both in the MD vulnerability and MD disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Samara
- Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Elisabeth A T Evers
- Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Frenk Peeters
- Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Harry B M Uylings
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Grazyna Rajkowska
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Johannes G Ramaekers
- Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Stiers
- Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Miskowiak KW, Larsen JE, Harmer CJ, Siebner HR, Kessing LV, Macoveanu J, Vinberg M. Is negative self-referent bias an endophenotype for depression? An fMRI study of emotional self-referent words in twins at high vs. low risk of depression. J Affect Disord 2018; 226:267-273. [PMID: 29020651 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Negative cognitive bias and aberrant neural processing of self-referent emotional words seem to be trait-marks of depression. However, it is unclear whether these neurocognitive changes are present in unaffected first-degree relatives and constitute an illness endophenotype. METHODS Fifty-three healthy, never-depressed monozygotic or dizygotic twins with a co-twin history of depression (high-risk group: n = 26) or no first-degree family history of depression (low-risk group: n = 27) underwent neurocognitive testing and functional magnetic imaging (fMRI) as part of a follow-up cohort study. Participants performed a self-referent emotional word categorisation task and free word recall task followed by a recognition task during fMRI. Participants also completed questionnaires assessing mood, personality traits and coping strategies. RESULTS High-risk and low-risk twins (age, mean ± SD: 40 ± 11) were well-balanced for demographic variables, mood, coping and neuroticism. High-risk twins showed lower accuracy during self-referent categorisation of emotional words independent of valence and more false recollections of negative words than low-risk twins during free recall. Functional MRI yielded no differences between high-risk and low-risk twins in retrieval-specific neural activity for positive or negative words or during the recognition of negative versus positive words within the hippocampus or prefrontal cortex. CONCLUSIONS The subtle display of negative recall bias is consistent with the hypothesis that self-referent negative memory bias is an endophenotype for depression. High-risk twins' lower categorisation accuracy adds to the evidence for valence-independent cognitive deficits in individuals at familial risk for depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- K W Miskowiak
- Mental Health Services - Capital Region of Denmark, Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark; Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - J E Larsen
- Mental Health Services - Capital Region of Denmark, Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark.
| | - C J Harmer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | - H R Siebner
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Denmark.
| | - L V Kessing
- Mental Health Services - Capital Region of Denmark, Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark.
| | - J Macoveanu
- Mental Health Services - Capital Region of Denmark, Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark.
| | - M Vinberg
- Mental Health Services - Capital Region of Denmark, Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark.
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Rogers LJ. Manual bias, behavior, and cognition in common marmosets and other primates. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2018; 238:91-113. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Gandy K, Kim S, Sharp C, Dindo L, Maletic-Savatic M, Calarge C. Pattern Separation: A Potential Marker of Impaired Hippocampal Adult Neurogenesis in Major Depressive Disorder. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:571. [PMID: 29123464 PMCID: PMC5662616 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis involves the generation of new neurons, particularly in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. Decreased hippocampal neurogenesis has been implicated in both animal models of depression and in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), despite some inconsistency in the literature. Here, we build upon current models to generate a new testable hypothesis, linking impaired neurogenesis to downstream psychological outcomes commonly observed in MDD. We contend that disruption in adult neurogenesis impairs pattern separation, a hippocampus-dependent function requiring the careful discrimination and storage of highly similar, but not identical, sensory inputs. This, in turn, can affect downstream processing and response selection, of relevance to emotional wellbeing. Specifically, disrupted pattern separation leads to misperceived stimuli (i.e., stimulus confusion), triggering the selection and deployment of established responses inappropriate for the actual stimuli. We speculate that this may be akin to activation of automatic thoughts, described in the Cognitive Behavior Theory of MDD. Similarly, this impaired ability to discriminate information at a fundamental sensory processing level (e.g., impaired pattern separation) could underlie impaired psychological flexibility, a core component of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy of MDD. We propose that research is needed to test this model by examining the relationship between cognitive functioning (e.g., pattern separation ability), psychological processes (e.g., perseveration and psychological inflexibility), and neurogenesis, taking advantage of emerging magnetic resonance spectroscopy-based imaging that measures neurogenesis in-vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kellen Gandy
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Sohye Kim
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine and Center for Reproductive Psychiatry, Pavilion for Women, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Carla Sharp
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Lilian Dindo
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Mirjana Maletic-Savatic
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
- Dan and Jan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Chadi Calarge
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
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Abstract
Background: The mechanisms and triggers of the attentional bias in social anxiety are not yet fully determined, and the modulating role of personality traits is being increasingly acknowledged. Aims: Our main purpose was to test whether social anxiety is associated with mechanisms of hypervigilance, avoidance (static biases), vigilance-avoidance or the maintenance of attention (dynamic biases). Our secondary goal was to explore the role of personality structure in shaping the attention bias. Method: Participants with high vs low social anxiety and different personality structures viewed pairs of faces (free-viewing eye-tracking task) representing different emotions (anger, happiness and neutrality). Their eye movements were registered and analysed for both whole-trial (static) and time-dependent (dynamic) measures. Results: Comparisons between participants with high and low social anxiety levels did not yield evidence of differences in eye-tracking measures for the whole trial (latency of first fixation, first fixation direction, total dwell time), but the two groups differed in the time course of overt attention during the trial (dwell time across three successive time segments): participants with high social anxiety were slower in disengaging their attention from happy faces. Similar results were obtained using a full-sample, regression-based analysis. Conclusion: Our results speak in favour of a maintenance bias in social anxiety. Preliminary results indicated that personality structure may not affect the maintenance (dynamic) bias of socially anxious individuals, although depressive personality structures may favour manifestations of a (static) hypervigilance bias.
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