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Shanmuganathan R, Le QH, Gavurová B, Wadaan MA, Baabbad A. Nano-composite rGO-Ag-Cu-Ni mediated photocatalytic degradation of anthracene and benzene. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 343:140076. [PMID: 37678600 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are omnipresent, persistent, and carcinogenic pollutants continuously released in the atmosphere due to the rapid increase in population and industrialization worldwide. Hence, there is an ultimate rise in concern about eliminating the toxic PAHs and their related aromatic hydrocarbons from the air, water, and soil environment by employing efficient removal technologies using nanoparticles as a catalyst. Here, the degradation of selective PAHs viz., anthracene and benzene using laboratory synthesized rGO-Ag-Cu-Ni nanocomposite (catalyst) was studied. Characterization studies revealed the nanocomposites exhibited surface plasma resonance at 350 - 450 nm, confirming the presence of Ag, Cu, and Ni metal ions embedded on the reduced graphene substrate. It was found that the nanocomposites synthesized were spherical, amorphous in nature, and aggregated together with measurements ranging from 423 to 477 nm. An SEM-EDX analysis of the nanocomposite demonstrated that it contained 25.13% O, 14.24% Ni, 27.79% Cu, and 32.84% Ag, which confirms the synthesis of the nanocomposite. Crystalline, sharp nanocomposites of average size 17-41 nm with an average diameter of 118.5 nm (X-ray diffraction and DLS) were observed. FTIR spectra showed that the nanocomposites had the functional groups alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, carboxylic acids, and halogen derivatives. Batch adsorption studies revealed that the maximum degradation achieved at optimum nano-composite concentration of 10 μg/mL, pH value of 5, PAHs concentration of 2 μg/mL and effective irradiation source being UV radiations in the case of both benzene and anthracene pollutants. The degradation of benzene and anthracene followed Freundlich & Langmuir isotherm with the highest R2 value of 0.9894 & 0.9885, respectively. Adsorption kinetic studies under optimum conditions revealed that the adsorption of both benzene and anthracene followed Pseudo-second order kinetics. Antimicrobial studies revealed that the synthesized nano-composite exhibited potential antimicrobial activity against Gram positive bacterium (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus), Gram negative bacterium (Klebsiella pneumonia, Escherichia coli) and fungal strain (Aspergillus niger) respectively. Thus, the synthesized rGO-Ag-Cu-Ni nano-composite acts as an effective antimicrobial agent as well as a PAHs degrading agent, helping to overcome antibiotics resistance and to mitigate the overgrowing PAHs pollution in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajasree Shanmuganathan
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam; Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam.
| | - Quynh Hoang Le
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam; Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam
| | - Beata Gavurová
- Technical University of Košice, Faculty of Mining, Ecology, Process Control and Geotechnologies, Letná 1/9, 042 00, Košice-Sever, Slovak Republic
| | - Mohammad Ahmad Wadaan
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, P.O. Box. 2455, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Almohannad Baabbad
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, P.O. Box. 2455, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Altieri VG, De Sanctis M, Barca E, Di Iaconi C. SBBGR technology for reducing waste sludge production during plastic recycling process: Assessment of potential increase in sludge hazardousness. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 880:163388. [PMID: 37030375 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Sludge production in the wastewater treatment sector is consistently increasing and represents a critical environmental and economic issue. This study evaluated an unconventional approach for treating wastewater generated from the cleaning of non-hazardous plastic solid waste during the plastic recycling process. The proposed scheme was based on sequencing batch biofilter granular reactor (SBBGR) technology, which was compared with the activated sludge-based treatment currently in operation. These treatment technologies were compared regarding sludge quality, specific sludge production, and effluent quality to highlight whether the reduced sludge production shown by SBBGR corresponded to an increase in the concentration of hazardous compounds in the sludge. The SBBGR technology showed remarkable removal efficiencies (TSS, VSS, and NH3 > 99 %; COD >90 %; TN and TP > 80 %) and a sludge production six-fold lower than the conventional plant (in terms of kgTSS/kg CODremoved). Biomass from the SBBGR did not show a significant accumulation of organic micropollutants (i.e., long-chain hydrocarbons, chlorinated pesticides and chlorobenzenes, PCB, PCDD/F, PAH, chlorinated and brominated aliphatic compounds, and aromatic solvents), whereas a certain accumulation of heavy metals was observed. Furthermore, an initial attempt to compare the operating costs of the two treatment approaches revealed that the SBBGR technology would provide 38 % savings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marco De Sanctis
- Water Research Institute, C.N.R, Viale F. De Blasio 5, 70132 Bari, Italy.
| | - Emanuele Barca
- Water Research Institute, C.N.R, Viale F. De Blasio 5, 70132 Bari, Italy
| | - Claudio Di Iaconi
- Water Research Institute, C.N.R, Viale F. De Blasio 5, 70132 Bari, Italy
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Świt P, Orzeł J, Maślanka S. Investigation of the origin and concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon with improved accuracy by the use of a multi-component integrated calibration method in the Katowice region, Poland. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 448:130871. [PMID: 36709741 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.130871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The basic variant of the integrated calibration method (ICM), based on a combination of external calibration (EC) and standard addition method (SAM), was applied to multi-component (MC) analysis to obtain a new methodological approach to improve the quality of analytical results. The analytical performance of the proposed method was evaluated on indicated by EPA polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) determination in various environmental samples (air, house dust, tap water, river water, river sediment, and snow) from the Katowice region (Poland). HPLC-FLD was used during all analyses. The main aim was to show the origin of PAHs in different places in the urban and industrialized region of Poland. MC-ICM allowed for the elimination of interference from the coelution of other substances. Several diagnostic coefficients were calculated for the results free from systematic errors and interferences. The obtained results were consistent with the chemometric analysis (PCA). The method was assessed regarding analytical usefulness using the RGB model (the color method is White) and environmental friendliness using the AGREE approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Świt
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia in Katowice, 9 Szkolna Street, 40-006 Katowice, Poland.
| | - Joanna Orzeł
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia in Katowice, 9 Szkolna Street, 40-006 Katowice, Poland
| | - Sławomir Maślanka
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia in Katowice, 9 Szkolna Street, 40-006 Katowice, Poland
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Zhu Z, Li L, Yu Y, Tan L, Wang Z, Suo S, Liu C, Qin Y, Peng X, Lu H, Liang W. Distribution, source, risk and phytoremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in typical urban landscape waters recharged by reclaimed water. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 330:117214. [PMID: 36623386 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A park that had used reclaimed water as the sole water supply for fourteen years, was selected to analyze the distribution, sources and risks of 16 priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in waters and sediments. The effects of phytoremediation were investigated in waterbodies classified as phytoremediation, transitional and non-phytoremediation areas. Diagnostic ratio (DR) and principal component analysis (PCA) were used to analyze the sources of PAHs, while risk quotient (RQ) was used as risk assessment tool. Results showed that ∑PAH concentrations in sediments ranged from 29.4 to 1245.6 ng‧g-1, with average of 354.3 ng‧g-1, corresponding to a moderate pollution level. The concentration of PAHs in water ranged from 10.6 to 326.3 ng‧L-1, with average of 147.2 ng‧L-1, corresponding to a low pollution level. The ∑PAHs in sediments showed a downward trend from northwest to southeast along with the water flow direction, with average values of 459.5, 362.9 and 246.1 ng‧L-1 in the upstream, midstream and downstream, respectively. In contrast, PAH concentrations in water were consistent with recreational activities in the urban park area. There were 95% of water samples and 72% of sediment samples obtaining the Ant/(Ant + Phe) > 0.1 and Flu/(Flu + Pyr) > 0.5, indicating that coal combustion was the major source of PAHs in both the water and sediment. The RQ∑PAH(NCs) values in water and sediment were all between 1 and 800, while RQ∑PAH(MPCs) reached equal to 0, suggesting that ∑PAHs presented a low ecological risk. Acenaphthene accounted for 28.4% of RQ(NCs), and became the most risk PAH in water column. Aquatic plants effectively removed high-ring PAHs from water and middle-ring PAHs from sediments, reducing the overall risks posed by PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhu
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control & Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Lanxin Li
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control & Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yanan Yu
- Yuanmingyuan Management Office, Beijing, China
| | - Liqiong Tan
- Yuanmingyuan Management Office, Beijing, China
| | - Zhefeng Wang
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control & Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Siyu Suo
- Yuanmingyuan Management Office, Beijing, China
| | - Chuang Liu
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control & Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yiming Qin
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control & Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xianchun Peng
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control & Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Haoran Lu
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control & Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Wenyan Liang
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control & Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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du Plessis M, Fourie C, Stone W, Engelbrecht AM. The impact of endocrine disrupting compounds and carcinogens in wastewater: Implications for breast cancer. Biochimie 2023; 209:103-115. [PMID: 36775066 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2023.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of breast cancer is often associated with geographic variation which indicates that a person's surrounding environment can be an important etiological factor in cancer development. Environmental risk factors can include exposure to sewage- or wastewater, which consist of a complex mixture of pathogens, mutagens and carcinogens. Wastewater contains primarily carbonaceous, nitrogenous and phosphorus compounds, however it can also contain trace amounts of chemical pollutants including toxic metal cations, hydrocarbons and pesticides. More importantly, the contamination of drinking water by wastewater is a potential source of exposure to mammary carcinogens and endocrine disrupting compounds. Organic solvents and other pollutants often found in wastewater have been detected in various tissues, including breast and adipose tissues. Furthermore, these pollutants such as phenolic compounds in some detergents and plastics, as well as parabens and pesticides can mimic estrogen. High estrogen levels are a well-established risk factor for estrogen-receptor (ER) positive breast cancer. Therefore, exposure to wastewater is a risk factor for the initiation, progression and metastasis of breast cancer. Carcinogens present in wastewater can promote tumourigenesis through various mechanisms, including the formation of DNA adducts, gene mutations and oxidative stress. Lastly, the presence of endocrine disrupting compounds in wastewater can have negative implications for ER-positive breast cancers, where these molecules can activate ERα to promote cell proliferation, survival and metastasis. As such, strategies should be implemented to limit exposure, such as providing funding into treatment technologies and implementation of regulations that limit the production and use of these potentially harmful chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha du Plessis
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa.
| | - Carla Fourie
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa.
| | - Wendy Stone
- Stellenbosch University Water Institute, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa
| | - Anna-Mart Engelbrecht
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa; African Cancer Institute (ACI), Department of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg Campus, South Africa
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Ortega-Bravo J, Guzman C, Iturra N, Rubilar M. Forward osmosis, reverse osmosis, and distillation membranes evaluation for ethanol extraction in osmotic and thermic equilibrium. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.121292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Kumar R, Adhikari S, Halden RU. Comparison of sorption models to predict analyte loss during sample filtration and evaluation of the impact of filtration on data quality. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 817:152624. [PMID: 34963584 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Although filtration has been a widely applied sample pretreatment step in environmental analytical chemistry, its impact on the quality of the data produced is often underappreciated in the scientific community. The objective of this literature review and modeling exercise was to examine nine existing sorption models with input parameters including hydrophobic interactions, pH, and structural features to predict the loss of analytes during wastewater filtration due to sorption to suspended solids and to assess the impact of filtration on data quality. Models' sorption estimates were further validated with a set of comprehensive metadata collected and analyzed from 20 peer-reviewed research papers that reported physical measurements of the suspended solids sorbed fraction of analytes obtained during wastewater filtration of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs). Data on the impact of filtration were obtained from the literature for 156 organic compounds reported both for the dissolved and particulate bound analyte mass. Approximately 40% of CECs (62/156) showed significant filtration loss (>20%) as a result of the removal of suspended solids during filtration. The loss of analyte mass due to filtration ranged from <1% for atenolol to >95% for acenaphthene. Collected literature data were then used to evaluate the utility of sorption modeling to predict analyte losses during sample pretreatment. Among nine sorption models, three were found to predict filtration loss of at least 70% of the CECs evaluated within a range of ±20% of the actually measured filtration loss of analytes, assuming a suspended solid concentration of 200 mg/L and a fraction of organic carbon in suspended solids of 0.43. Thus, sorption modeling can help reduce error when calculating mass loadings based on samples filtered before analysis. It is concluded that the estimates could be further improved by considering the following factors: ionic interactions, characteristics of the water-borne sorbents, and filtration media properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Kumar
- Biodesign Center for Environmental Health Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Sangeet Adhikari
- Biodesign Center for Environmental Health Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA; School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Rolf U Halden
- Biodesign Center for Environmental Health Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA; School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA; OneWaterOneHealth, Non-profit Project of Arizona State University Foundation, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA; Global Futures Laboratory, Arizona State University, 800 S. Cady Mall, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA; AquaVitas, LLC, 9260 E. Raintree Dr., Suite 130, Scottsdale, AZ 85260, USA.
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Treviño-Reséndez J, Nacheva PM. Removal of naphthalene and phenanthrene in synthetic solutions by electro-oxidation coupled with membrane bioreactor. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:48543-48555. [PMID: 33909250 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13787-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Naphthalene (NAPH) and phenanthrene (PHEN) are two of the most abundant polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) found in nature, and they are considered in the list of US EPA priority pollutants. The contribution of this research lies in the comprehensive analysis of a strategy for the coupling of electro-oxidation (EO) and biodegradation in a submerged membrane bioreactor (SMBR) with the objective to remove PAHs, using NAPH and PHEN as model compounds. The electrochemical degradation of NAPH and PHEN in aqueous synthetic solution has been carried out using two different anodes: Ti/IrO2 and Ti/SnO2. The effects of EO operating parameters (current density, reaction time, and pH) on the NAPH and PHEN removals were investigated applying 23 factorial design with both electrodes. Additionally, the EO effluents were analyzed for COD, NH4-N, and biodegradability (respirometry tests). The highest removals of both compounds were reached with Ti/IrO2 anode, at acidic conditions (pH of 2), current density of 50 mA cm-2, and electrolysis time of 60 min. However, the Ti/SnO2 anode allowed greater reduction of the biomass inhibition, which means that the enhancement of the EO effluent biodegradability was reached; therefore, this electrode was selected for the coupled EO-SMBR system, applying the operating conditions that improved the biodegradability of the effluent. The EO process allowed NAPH and PHEN removal efficiencies of 96 ± 5% and 94 ± 3%, respectively. The membrane bioreactor was operated with organic load of 0.6 ± 0.1 gCOD gVSS-1 d-1, hydraulic retention time of 6 h, and solid retention time of 30 d, obtaining average COD, NH4-N, NAPH, and PHEN removals of 98±0.5%, 91±6.4%, 99.1±0.96%, and 99.7±0.4% respectively. The sorption of phenanthrene onto the biomass had a low contribution, 0.9±0.2%, concluding that biodegradation was the main removal mechanism in the bioreactor. The coupled system EO-SMBR allowed high NAPH and PHEN removal efficiencies of 99.99±0.01 and 99.99±0.02%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Treviño-Reséndez
- Universidad Nacional Autonoma de México, Campus IMTA, Blvd. Paseo Cuauhnáhuac 8532, Col. Progreso, C.P.62550, Morelos, México
| | - Petia Mijaylova Nacheva
- Instituto Mexicano de Tecnología del Agua, Blvd. Paseo Cuauhnáhuac 8532, Col. Progreso, C.P. 62550, Morelos, México.
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Ilyas M, Ahmad W, Khan H. Utilization of activated carbon derived from waste plastic for decontamination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons laden wastewater. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2021; 84:609-631. [PMID: 34388122 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2021.252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Serious environmental deterioration caused by synthetic waste plastics, and the pollution of freshwater resources are the most alarming and marked challenges of the 21st century. Therefore, immense scientific efforts are being made towards the management of waste plastics and treatment of polluted water. The current study reports on the utilization of waste polyethylene terephthalate (wPET) and waste polystyrene (wPS) for fabrication of activated carbon (AC) and its application for the removal of hazardous polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) pollutants from water. AC was prepared from wPET and wPS by carbonization under a N2 atmosphere followed by chemical activation with 1 M KOH and 1 M HCl. The AC was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, surface area analysis, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Adsorption of PAHs from aqueous solutions through AC was examined by batch adsorption tests. The optimum parameters for maximum adsorption of PAHs were found to be: initial PAHs concentration 40 ppm, 2 h contact time, pH 3, 5, and 7, 50 °C temperature and adsorbent dose of 0.8 g. Kinetic and isotherm models were applied to evaluate the adsorbent capacity for PAHs adsorption. The kinetic study shows that the adsorption of these PAHs onto AC follows pseudo-second-order kinetics. The experimental results demonstrated that the Langmuir isotherm model best fitted the data. The thermodynamic factors calculated such as entropy change (ΔS°), enthalpy change (ΔS°) and free energy change (ΔG°) show that the adsorption process is non-spontaneous and endothermic in nature. Results were also compared with the efficiencies of some commercial adsorbents used in practice. This examination revealed that the novel plastic-derived AC possesses a great potential for elimination and recovery of PAH elimination from industrial wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhmmad Ilyas
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
| | - Waqas Ahmad
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
| | - Hizbullah Khan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
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A Mechanistic Model to Assess the Fate of Naphthalene and Benzo(a)pyrene in a Chilean WWTP. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9081313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a family of organic compounds of widespread presence in the environment. They are recalcitrant, ubiquitous, prone to bioaccumulation, and potentially carcinogenic. Effluent from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) constitutes a major source of PAHs into water bodies, and their presence should be closely monitored, especially considering the increasing applications of potable and non-potable reuse of treated wastewater worldwide. Modeling the fate and distribution of PAHs in WWTPs is a valuable tool to overcome the complexity and cost of monitoring and quantifying PAHs. A mechanistic model was built to evaluate the fate of PAHs in both water and sludge lines of a Chilean WWTP. Naphthalene and benzo(a)pyrene were used as models of low-MW and high-MW PAHs. As there were no reported experimental data available for the case study, the influent load was determined through a statistical approach based on reported values worldwide. For both naphthalene and benzo(a)pyrene, the predominant mechanism in the water line was sorption to sludge, while that in the sludge line was desorption. Compared to other studies in the literature, the model satisfactorily describes the mechanisms involved in the fate and distribution of PAHs in a conventional activated sludge WWTP. Even though there is evidence of the presence of PAHs in urban centers in Chile, local regulatory standards do not consider PAHs in the disposal of WWTP effluents. Monitoring of PAHs in both treated effluents and biosolids is imperative, especially when considering de facto reuse and soil amendment in agricultural activities are currently practiced downstream of the studied WWTP.
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Chauhan HA, Rafatullah M, Ahmed Ali K, Siddiqui MR, Khan MA, Alshareef SA. Metal-Based Nanocomposite Materials for Efficient Photocatalytic Degradation of Phenanthrene from Aqueous Solutions. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13142374. [PMID: 34301131 PMCID: PMC8309497 DOI: 10.3390/polym13142374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a class of naturally occurring chemicals resulting from the insufficient combustion of fossil fuels. Among the PAHs, phenanthrene is one of the most studied compounds in the marine ecosystems. The damaging effects of phenanthrene on the environment are increasing day by day globally. To lessen its effect on the environment, it is essential to remove phenanthrene from the water resources in particular and the environment in general through advanced treatment methods such as photocatalytic degradation with high-performance characteristics and low cost. Therefore, the combination of metals or amalgamation of bimetallic oxides as an efficient photocatalyst demonstrated its propitiousness for the degradation of phenanthrene from aqueous solutions. Here, we reviewed the different nanocomposite materials as a photocatalyst, the mechanism and reactions to the treatment of phenanthrene, as well as the influence of other variables on the rate of phenanthrene degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Husn Ara Chauhan
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Penang, Malaysia;
| | - Mohd. Rafatullah
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Penang, Malaysia;
- Correspondence: (M.R.); (K.A.A.); Tel.: +60-46532111 (M.R.); Fax: +60-4656375 (M.R.)
| | - Khozema Ahmed Ali
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Penang, Malaysia;
- Correspondence: (M.R.); (K.A.A.); Tel.: +60-46532111 (M.R.); Fax: +60-4656375 (M.R.)
| | - Masoom Raza Siddiqui
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.R.S.); (M.A.K.); (S.A.A.)
| | - Moonis Ali Khan
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.R.S.); (M.A.K.); (S.A.A.)
| | - Shareefa Ahmed Alshareef
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.R.S.); (M.A.K.); (S.A.A.)
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Guo W, Zhang J, Sun Z, Orem WH, Tatu CA, Radulović NS, Milovanović D, Pavlović NM, Chan W. Analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Phthalate Esters in Soil and Food Grains from the Balkan Peninsula: Implication on DNA Adduct Formation by Aristolochic Acid I and Balkan Endemic Nephropathy. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:9024-9032. [PMID: 34125507 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c00648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Balkan endemic nephropathy (BEN) is a chronic tubulointerstitial nephropathy affecting residents of rural farming areas in many Balkan countries. Although it is generally believed that BEN is an environmental disease caused by multiple geochemical factors with much attention on aristolochic acids (AAs), its etiology remains controversial. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that environmental contamination and subsequent food contamination by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and phthalate esters are AA toxicity factors and important to BEN development. We identified significantly higher concentrations of phenanthrene, anthracene, diethyl phthalate (DEP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), and benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP) in both maize and wheat grain samples collected from endemic villages than from nonendemic villages. Other PAHs and phthalate esters were also detected at higher concentrations in the soil samples from endemic villages. Subsequent genotoxicity testing of cultured human kidney cells showed an alarming phenomenon that phenanthrene, DEP, BBP, and DBP can interact synergistically with AAs to form elevated levels of AA-DNA adducts, which are associated with both the nephrotoxicity and carcinogenicity of AAs, further increasing their disease risks. This study provides direct evidence that prolonged coexposure to these environmental contaminants via dietary intake may lead to greater toxicity and accelerated development of BEN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanlin Guo
- Department of Chemistry and Division of Environment and Sustainability, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon 000000, Hong Kong
| | - Jiayin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Division of Environment and Sustainability, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon 000000, Hong Kong
| | - Zhihan Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Division of Environment and Sustainability, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon 000000, Hong Kong
| | - William H Orem
- U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia 20192, United States
| | - Calin A Tatu
- Department of Immunology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy ″Victor Babes″ Timisoara, Pta. E. Murgu No.2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Niko S Radulović
- Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia
| | | | | | - Wan Chan
- Department of Chemistry and Division of Environment and Sustainability, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon 000000, Hong Kong
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13
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Komolafe O, Mrozik W, Dolfing J, Acharya K, Vassalle L, Mota CR, Davenport R. Occurrence and removal of micropollutants in full-scale aerobic, anaerobic and facultative wastewater treatment plants in Brazil. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 287:112286. [PMID: 33706091 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate micropollutant occurrence and removal in a low-middle income country (LMIC) by investigating the occurrence of 28 chemicals from different classes (triclosan, 15 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), 4 estrogens and 8 polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) congeners) in three technologically diverse full-scale Brazilian wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). These chemicals were detected at concentrations similar to those reported in other low-middle income countries (LMICs) and high-income countries (HICs) (0.1-49 μg/L) indicating their widespread use globally and the need for more studies in LMICs that are typically characterized by relatively inadequate wastewater treatment barriers. Among the three different WWTPs investigated for removal of these chemicals, the least energy intensive system, waste stabilization ponds (WSPs), was the most effective (95-99%) compared to the activated sludge (79-94%), and Up-flow sludge blanket reactor (UASB) with trickling filters system (89-95%). These results highlight the potential of WSPs for micropollutant removal-especially in warm climates. However, the effluent from all three WWTP could pose a risk to aquatic organisms when discharged into the receiving waters as the effluent concentrations of triclosan, some estrogens, PAHs and BDE 209 were above European environmental quality standards (EQS) or predicted no effect concentration (PNEC values), indicating that receiving water bodies could benefit from further treatment. In combination, these results help to further understand prevailing concentrations of micropollutants globally and fate in current wastewater treatment systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oladapo Komolafe
- GFL Environmental Inc. Greater Toronto Area, L5T 2L2, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Wojciech Mrozik
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, NE1 7RU, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Jan Dolfing
- Department of Mechanical and Construction Engineering, Northumbria University, NE1 8QH, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Kishor Acharya
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, NE1 7RU, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Lucas Vassalle
- Departamento de Engenharia Sanitária e Ambiental, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Cesar R Mota
- Departamento de Engenharia Sanitária e Ambiental, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Russell Davenport
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, NE1 7RU, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
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14
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Nukatsuka I, Satoh R, Kihara S, Kitagawa F. A thin-layer solid-phase extraction-liquid film elution technique used for the enrichment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water. J Sep Sci 2021; 44:1989-1997. [PMID: 33605531 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202001165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In this article, we propose a novel microsolid-phase extraction and elution technique, which we called the thin-layer solid-phase extraction-liquid film elution technique. The thin-layer solid-phase extraction phase is an octadecylsilylated sol gel- coated porous silica thin film prepared on the outer wall of a test tube, which has a larger surface area for the extraction of the target compounds compared to a conventional solid-phase microextraction phase. After optimization of the extraction procedure for five types of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, the liquid film elution technique was investigated. Liquid film elution is an elution technique wherein the compounds extracted into the thin-layer solid-phase extraction phase are eluted using a small volume of solvent film formed around the extraction phase. The results show that the elution can be carried out using 150 μL of eluent. Enrichment factors between 20 and 34 were obtained for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons containing more than four aromatic rings in 10 mL aliquots of aqueous samples. Finally, recoveries of 85-112% were obtained for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons containing more than four aromatic rings from spiked natural water samples using the thin-layer solid-phase extraction-liquid film elution technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isoshi Nukatsuka
- Department of Frontier Materials Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, 036-8561, Japan
| | - Ryota Satoh
- Department of Frontier Materials Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, 036-8561, Japan
| | - Shigeki Kihara
- Department of Frontier Materials Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, 036-8561, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Kitagawa
- Department of Frontier Materials Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, 036-8561, Japan
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15
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Song T, Tian W, Qiao K, Zhao J, Chu M, Du Z, Wang L, Xie W. Adsorption Behaviors of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Oxygen Derivatives in Wastewater on N-Doped Reduced Graphene Oxide. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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16
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Abstract
AbstractThe Seine River basin (France) is representative of the large urbanised catchments (78,650 km2) located in Northwestern Europe. As such, it is highly impacted by anthropogenic activities and their associated emissions of pollutants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). These compounds, originating from household heating and road traffic, are responsible for serious environmental issues across the basin. This study aims at establishing and using mass balance analyses of PAHs at the Seine River basin scale as an efficient tool for understanding PAH pathways in the environment. A dual-scale approach (urban vs. rural areas) was used successfully, and mass balances provided useful knowledge on the environmental fate of PAHs. In urban areas, runoff and domestic and industrial discharges contributed similarly to the PAH supply to the sewer system. During the wastewater treatment process, PAHs were mainly eliminated through sludge removal. At the basin scale, substantial amounts of PAHs were quantified in soils, and the limited annual inputs and outputs through atmospheric deposition and soil erosion, respectively, suggest that these compounds have long residence times within the basin. While wastewater and runoff discharges from urban areas account for a substantial part of PAH urban fluxes to the Seine River, soil erosion seems to be the predominant contributor at the basin scale. Overall, the PAH flux at the basin outlet was greater than supplies, suggesting that the Seine River system may currently be undergoing a decontamination phase.
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17
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Fused-silica capillary internally modified with nanostructured octadecyl silica for dynamic in-tube solid-phase microextraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from aqueous media. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.104672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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18
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Khillare PS, Sattawan VK, Jyethi DS. Profile of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in digested sewage sludge. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2020; 41:842-851. [PMID: 30118384 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2018.1512654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
One of the methods of sludge disposal in cities is its use as an amendment in adjoining agricultural soil. Contaminants in sludge can, however, nullify the benefits. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a class of persistent organic pollutants, if present, can pose health risks by virtue of their carcinogenic potential and persistence in soil. The present study deals with profile analysis of PAHs in digested sewage sludge of a megacity, Delhi. Mean concentration of the sum of 16 PAHs in the sludge from 5 sewage treatment plants (STPs) was 20.67 ± 4.14 mg/kg, dry weight (dw). Carcinogenic PAHs represented ∼47% of the total PAHs. Benzo[g,h,i]perylene recorded the highest mean concentration followed by dibenzo[a,h]anthracene. Low molecular weight PAHs and high molecular weight PAHs contributed 19% and 81% to total PAHs content respectively. Principal component analysis identified the major sources of PAHs in sludge as coal and natural gas combustion. Wood combustion, oil and oil derivatives are the other identified sources. The observed PAH levels in sludge from selected STPs of Delhi were found to violate the limit values proposed by the European Union and the US legislation for application in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Khillare
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - V K Sattawan
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - D S Jyethi
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
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19
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Mansouri E, Yousefi V, Ebrahimi V, Eyvazi S, Hejazi MS, Mahdavi M, Mesbahi A, Tarhriz V. Overview of ultraviolet‐based methods used in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons analysis and measurement. SEPARATION SCIENCE PLUS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/sscp.201900077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elham Mansouri
- Molecular Medicine Research CenterBiomedicine InstituteTabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Vahid Yousefi
- Molecular Medicine Research CenterBiomedicine InstituteTabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Vida Ebrahimi
- Molecular Medicine Research CenterBiomedicine InstituteTabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologySchool of PharmacyShahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Shirin Eyvazi
- Department of BiotechnologySchool of Advanced Technologies in MedicineShahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Mohammad Saeid Hejazi
- Molecular Medicine Research CenterBiomedicine InstituteTabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyFaculty of PharmacyTabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
- School of Advanced Biomedical SciencesTabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Mehri Mahdavi
- Molecular Medicine Research CenterBiomedicine InstituteTabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Asghar Mesbahi
- Molecular Medicine Research CenterBiomedicine InstituteTabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Vahideh Tarhriz
- Molecular Medicine Research CenterBiomedicine InstituteTabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyFaculty of PharmacyTabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
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20
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Influence of HRT reduction on pilot scale flat sheet submerged membrane bioreactor (sMBR) performances for Oil&Gas wastewater treatment. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2019.117459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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21
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Chen CF, Ju YR, Lim YC, Hsieh SL, Tsai ML, Sun PP, Katiyar R, Chen CW, Dong CD. Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Sludge from Water and Wastewater Treatment Plants by GC-MS. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16142604. [PMID: 31336632 PMCID: PMC6678439 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16142604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The qualitative and quantitative analysis of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sludge samples from drinking water treatment plants (DWTP) and wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) were established using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The method was suitable to quantify PAHs in the sludge of DWTP and WWTP and it was confirmed by the relevant quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) procedures. The recovery of individual PAHs in the spiked samples ranged from 74.3% to 108.7%. Detection limits of the analytical procedure were 0.0010–0.0046 mg/kg dw for individual PAHs. This method was used to determine the concentration of PAHs in the selected two DWTP and four WWTP sludge samples. The results showed that the total PAHs (∑PAHs) were in low levels which ranged from 0.0668 to 0.1357 mg/kg dw, and 0.5342–1.0666 mg/kg dw for DWTP and WWTP respectively. The 3- & 4-ring PAHs were predominant in DWTP sludge, ranging from 77.4% to 82.7%; the 4-ring PAHs were predominant in WWTP sludge, ranging from 40.7% to 47.6%. The PAHs of DWTP sludge are mainly composed of 3-ring phenanthrene and anthracene and 4-ring pyrene, and chrysene. The PAHs of WWTP sludge are dominated by 4-ring fluoranthene, pyrene, and chrysene. The detected PAHs concentration should be undoubtedly considered for agriculture in sludge applications based on the limits of the EU regulations. The results of this study can be used for regular monitoring to establish a reference for sludge management and application to agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Feng Chen
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Ru Ju
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan
| | - Yee Cheng Lim
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Ling Hsieh
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Ling Tsai
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Pei Sun
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan
| | - Ravi Katiyar
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Wen Chen
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan.
| | - Cheng-Di Dong
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan.
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22
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Berardi C, Fibbi D, Coppini E, Renai L, Caprini C, Scordo CVA, Checchini L, Orlandini S, Bruzzoniti MC, Del Bubba M. Removal efficiency and mass balance of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, phthalates, ethoxylated alkylphenols and alkylphenols in a mixed textile-domestic wastewater treatment plant. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 674:36-48. [PMID: 31003086 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this work the occurrence and fate of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), phthalic acid esters (PAEs), mono and diethoxylate alkylphenols (AP1-2EOs) and alkylphenols (APs) have been investigated during a two-weeks period in a facility treating mixed textile-domestic wastewater (Prato, Italy). The wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) consists of primary sedimentation, activated sludge biological oxidation, secondary sedimentation, clariflocculation and ozonation. The sludge is treated within the facility by thickening, dewatering and final incineration, thus providing the almost quantitative removal of the adsorbed micropollutants. Naphthalene (50%), di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (74%) and branched 4-nonylphenols (59%) were the individual main representative compounds of each class in the influent wastewater, which showed concentration ranges of 5.6-66, 85-290 and 21-133μg/L for PAHs, PAEs and APs+AP1-2EOs, respectively. The WWTP efficiently removed PAHs, PAEs and APs+AP1-2EOs, providing effluent concentrations of 0.075-0.16ng/L 0.38-9.9μg/L and 0.53-1.4μg/L. All targeted priority and priority-hazardous micropollutants showed effluent concentrations in line with the European environmental quality standards (EQS), even though for di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and benzo(a)pyrene after correction for the dilution factor of the recipient. The WWTP performance was evaluated by mass balance, verifying its accuracy by monitoring Pb and Cd as conservative species. The biological treatment sections provided mass losses of 85.5%, 74.5% and 56.8% for APs+AP1-2EOs, PAEs and PAHs, highlighting efficient biotransformation performances of the activated sludge process. However, for the more volatile PAHs (e.g. naphthalene), a significant contribution of stripping cannot be excluded. A remarkable mass loss was also determined in the ozonation stage for PAEs (72.9%) and especially PAHs (97.0%), whereas a lower efficiency was observed for APs+AP1-2EOs (41.3%). The whole plant allowed for obtaining an almost quantitative removal (96.7-98.4%) for all targeted compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Berardi
- GIDA S.p.A., Via di Baciacavallo 36, 59100 Prato, Italy.
| | | | - Ester Coppini
- GIDA S.p.A., Via di Baciacavallo 36, 59100 Prato, Italy.
| | - Lapo Renai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy.
| | - Claudia Caprini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy.
| | | | - Leonardo Checchini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy.
| | - Serena Orlandini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy.
| | | | - Massimo Del Bubba
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy.
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Lécrivain N, Frossard V, Naffrechoux E, Clément B. Looking at Organic Pollutants (OPs) Signatures in Littoral Sediments to Assess the Influence of a Local Urban Source at the Whole Lake Scale. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2019.1631195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Lécrivain
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR5023 LEHNA, Vaulx-en-Velin, France
| | - Victor Frossard
- Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, UMR 42 CARRTEL, Le Bourget du Lac, France
| | | | - Bernard Clément
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR5023 LEHNA, Vaulx-en-Velin, France
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24
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Zhao J, Tian W, Liu S, Wang Z, Du Z, Xie W. Existence, removal and transformation of parent and nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in two biological wastewater treatment processes. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 224:527-537. [PMID: 30836248 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.02.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (NPAHs) are pollutants commonly present in the environment. Some NPAHs are considered to have more severe toxic effects than their parent PAHs. The existence of 16 PAHs (678.5-3817.8 ng/L in wastewater, 499.9 ng/g-1239.6 ng/g in sludge) and 5 NPAHs (175.8-1392.4 ng/L in wastewater, 483.5 ng/g-2763.1 ng/g in sludge) was determined in a biological wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in Qingdao, China. Anthracene and naphthalene were the predominant PAHs, and 2-nitrofluorene and 9-nitroanthracene were the predominant NPAHs. Petroleum, liquid fossil fuel combustion and exhaust emissions were the main sources of PAHs and NPAHs in this study. In both the sequencing batch reactor/moving-bed biofilm (SBR/MBBR) and the anaerobic-anoxic-aerobic (A2O) process, low-molecular-weight PAHs were mainly removed through volatilization and biodegradation/biotransformation. Meanwhile, the removal of high-molecular-weight PAHs and NPAHs depended on adsorption and sedimentation. The transformation from PAHs to NPAHs mainly occurred in the aqueous-phase, especially in summer and that was confirmed by mass flow and ratios variation. Overall, the removal capacity of the A2O process for PAHs and NPAHs was better than that of the SBR/MBBR process. Tertiary treatment processes had little effect or even a negative effect on the removal of PAHs and NPAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, PR China
| | - Weijun Tian
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, PR China; Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, PR China.
| | - Shuhui Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, PR China
| | - Zhe Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, PR China
| | - Zhaoyang Du
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, PR China
| | - Wenlong Xie
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, PR China
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25
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Rubio-Clemente A, Chica E, Peñuela G. Evaluation of the UV/H 2O 2 system for treating natural water with a mixture of anthracene and benzo[a]pyrene at ultra-trace levels. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:4381-4392. [PMID: 29872982 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2411-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, such as anthracene (AN) and benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), in water has become a problem of great concern due to the detrimental health effects caused to humans and living beings. In this work, the efficiency of the UV/H2O2 system for degrading the target compounds at ultra-trace levels in surface water has been evaluated. For this purpose, a previous optimization step using a face-centered central composite experimental design has been conducted, considering the effect of the UV-C irradiance and the initial concentration of H2O2. It was evidenced that under optimal operating conditions (11 mg L-1 H2O2 and 0.63 mW cm-2 irradiance), AN and BaP removal percentages were higher than 99.8%. Additionally, 69.3% of the organic matter, in terms of total organic carbon, was mineralized without the production of transformation by-products more harmful than the parent compounds. These findings demonstrate the oxidation capacity of the examined system in a natural matrix for degrading micropollutants that cannot be converted through conventional treatment processes. Consequently, new horizons are opened for the effective use of the UV/H2O2 system for drinking water production, providing the accomplishment of other regulated parameters related to water quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainhoa Rubio-Clemente
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica de Murcia UCAM, Avenida de los Jerónimos, s/n, Murcia, Spain.
- Grupo GDCON, Facultad de Ingeniería, Sede de Investigaciones Universitarias (SIU), Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70, No. 52-51, Medellín, Colombia.
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Tecnológico de Antioquia-Institución Universitaria TdeA, Calle 78b, No. 72A-220, Medellín, Colombia.
| | - Edwin Chica
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70, No. 52-51, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Gustavo Peñuela
- Grupo GDCON, Facultad de Ingeniería, Sede de Investigaciones Universitarias (SIU), Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70, No. 52-51, Medellín, Colombia
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26
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Hong WJ, Jia H, Sun Y, Liu X, Wang L, Li YF. Distribution, Source and Ecological Risk Assessment of Parent and Alkylated PAHs in Coastal Environment of Dalian, China After Oil Spill. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2018.1517809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jun Hong
- Zhejiang Scientific Research Institute of Transport, Hangzhou, China
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, China
| | - Hongliang Jia
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, China
| | - Yeqing Sun
- Institute of Environmental Systems Biology, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, China
| | | | - Luo Wang
- Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Yi-Fan Li
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, China
- IJRC-PTS, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
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27
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Sjoeholm KK, Schmidt SN, Jahnke A, Svensmark B, Mayer P. Equilibrium sampling reveals increasing thermodynamic potential of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons during sewage sludge digestion. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 207:421-429. [PMID: 29807341 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.05.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The reuse of digested sludge from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) as soil fertilizer poses a risk for contamination of soil and water environments. The present study provides a new approach for investigating the exposure of hydrophobic organic chemicals in sewage sludge. The methodology of equilibrium sampling with multiple thicknesses of silicone was successfully validated and applied to complex sludge matrices. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentrations in silicone (Csilicone) were determined and compared across four WWTPs. Activity ratios (ARs), defined as Csilicone at equilibrium with digested sludge (final product) over Csilicone at equilibrium with secondary sludge (intermediate product), were in the range 0.85-20 with all except one AR>1. These ARs thus revealed increased thermodynamic potential of both parent and alkylated PAHs in digested sludge compared with secondary sludge, and thereby higher exposure of PAHs in sludge after digestion than before digestion. This observation can be explained by the concept of "solvent depletion" as organic matter decreased by a factor of 1.3 during digestion, resulting in reduced sorptive capacity and increased freely dissolved concentrations (Cfree). The PAHs with logKow > 6 had ARs close to 1.3, whereas PAHs with logKow < 6 showed higher ARs than the organic matter decrease factor of 1.3. Cfree in digested sludge were higher than reported in rural soil and generally consistent with levels reported for Baltic Sea sediment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina K Sjoeholm
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet B115, DK-2800, Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark; Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
| | - Stine N Schmidt
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet B115, DK-2800, Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark; Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
| | - Annika Jahnke
- Department of Cell Toxicology, Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research GmbH - UFZ, Permoserstraβe 15, DE-04318, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Bo Svensmark
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
| | - Philipp Mayer
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet B115, DK-2800, Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark.
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28
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Cao W, Qiao M, Liu B, Zhao X. Occurrence of parent and substituted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in typical wastewater treatment plants and effluent receiving rivers of Beijing, and risk assessment. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2018; 53:992-999. [PMID: 29764288 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2018.1471031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Sixteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and some typical substituted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (SPAHs) were investigated in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and effluent effluent-receiving rivers in order to indentify the elimination of these compounds in WWTPs, as well as the potantial potential risk in the effluent-receiving rivers. The concentrations of ΣPAHs in the total phase (combined dissolved and adsorbed phases) in influent were between 944.1 and 1246.5 ng·L-1, and ΣSPAHs, including methyl PAHs (MPAHs) and oxygenated PAHs (OPAHs), between 684.9 and 844.9 ng·L-1. Regarding the SPAHs, the concentrations of ΣOPAHs (312.3 ng·L-1) were higher than those of ΣMPAHs (271.8 ng·L-1). The total removal efficiencies of PAHs in the biological treatment processes were between 59% and 68%, and those of SPAHs were a little lower (58-65%). The removal efficiency in the adsorbed phase was higher than in the dissolved phase. The concentrations of PAHs and SPAHs in the effluent were a little higher than in the receiving river. According to a PAH risk assessment of the effluent, 7 carcinogenic PAHs accounted for a relatively high proportion. Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) and Dibenz[a,h]anthracene (DBA) were major contributors to the TEQs in the effluent of WWTPs, which should be taken into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Cao
- a Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
- b College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University , Beijing , China
| | - Meng Qiao
- a Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Bochuan Liu
- a Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Xu Zhao
- a Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
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29
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Sun S, Jia L, Li B, Yuan A, Kong L, Qi H, Ma W, Zhang A, Wu Y. The occurrence and fate of PAHs over multiple years in a wastewater treatment plant of Harbin, Northeast China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 624:491-498. [PMID: 29268221 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence and fate of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were investigated in wastewater, sludge and surrounding air from the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in Harbin, Northeast China. The concentration of total PAHs in the influent, effluent and sludge were 4080ng/L, 864ng/L and 8200ng/gdw, respectively. The total concentration of PAHs showed a trend of first rising, and then decreasing over years in the influent, effluent and sludge, which was in agreement with the usage of coal and oil in Harbin. The level of PAHs was 26-560ng/m3 in air from site 1 (the top of the A/O tank), 62-608ng/m3 in air from site 2 (the vicinity of the WWTP) and 61-686ng/m3 in air from site 3 (the urban district of Harbin). In the influent and effluent, the mean concentration of PAHs followed the sequence of summer>winter>autumn>spring, while the sequence was winter>summer>autumn>spring in sludge and air. Rainfall may be the main reason for higher contamination in summer. Coal fired central heating and indoor dust may be reasons for higher PAHs in winter. The mean removal efficiency of total PAHs was approximately 85% (20% of which was adsorbed onto sludge, and 65% volatilized into air or degraded by biodegradation), and 15% of PAHs were discharged through the effluent. There was approximately 6240kg of PAHs imported into the WWTP every year, 1005kg discharged into the Songhua River through the effluent, and 327kg absorbed onto sludge and the rest was degraded or volatilized into air. PCA was applied to identify the sources of PAHs for both heating and non-heating seasons. In general, coal combustion was the main source of PAHs during the heating season and vehicle exhaust was the main source of PAHs during the non-heating season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Linran Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Bo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Anni Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Lingjun Kong
- Wudalianchi Environmental Monitoring Station, Heilongjiang 164155, China
| | - Hong Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
| | - Wanli Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Anping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yining Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
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30
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Makoś P, Fernandes A, Boczkaj G. Method for the simultaneous determination of monoaromatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in industrial effluents using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2018; 41:2360-2367. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201701464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Makoś
- Faculty of Chemistry; Department of Chemical and Process Engineering; Gdansk University of Technology; Gdansk Poland
| | - André Fernandes
- Faculty of Chemistry; Department of Chemical and Process Engineering; Gdansk University of Technology; Gdansk Poland
| | - Grzegorz Boczkaj
- Faculty of Chemistry; Department of Chemical and Process Engineering; Gdansk University of Technology; Gdansk Poland
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31
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Deng Y, Bonilla M, Ren H, Zhang Y. Health risk assessment of reclaimed wastewater: A case study of a conventional water reclamation plant in Nanjing, China. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2018; 112:235-242. [PMID: 29291449 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2017.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Contaminated reclaimed wastewater has the potential to induce adverse effects on the health of wastewater workers and residents. However, few studies have focused on these health risks. In this study, we assessed the health risk of samples collected from different treatment processing units used in a typical water reclamation plant in Nanjing, China. Chemical analysis revealed that 40 semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) and 6 N-nitrosamines (NAs) persisted after wastewater treatment. A health risk assessment revealed that the SVOCs in effluents pose negligible non-carcinogenic risk to wastewater workers and local residents as both the hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard index (HI) were all below 1.00. However, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), phthalate esters (PAEs) and NAs may present a carcinogenic risk, since their risk index via dermal exposure exceeded the safety limit (1.00×106), indicating that conventional treatment processes cannot effectively reduce the health risk in reclaimed wastewater. These results strongly suggest the need for the introduction of advanced treatment technologies capable of effectively removing SVOCs and NAs in water reclamation plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfeng Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Melvin Bonilla
- Program in Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hongqiang Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China.
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32
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Ambrosi A, Al-Furaiji M, McCutcheon JR, Cardozo NSM, Tessaro IC. Transport of Components in the Separation of Ethanol from Aqueous Dilute Solutions by Forward Osmosis. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b04944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alan Ambrosi
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto
Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90040-040, Brazil
| | - Mustafa Al-Furaiji
- Faculty
of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Meander/ME, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
- Environment
and
Water Directorate, Ministry of Science and Technology, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Jeffrey R. McCutcheon
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Nilo Sérgio M. Cardozo
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto
Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90040-040, Brazil
| | - Isabel Cristina Tessaro
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto
Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90040-040, Brazil
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33
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Gruchlik Y, Linge K, Joll C. Removal of organic micropollutants in waste stabilisation ponds: A review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 206:202-214. [PMID: 29073579 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
As climate change and water scarcity continue to be of concern, reuse of treated wastewater is an important water management strategy in many parts of the world, particularly in developing countries and remote communities. Many countries, especially in remote regional areas, use waste stabilisation ponds (WSPs) to treat domestic wastewater for a variety of end uses, including using the treated wastewater for irrigation of public spaces (e.g. parks and ovals) or for crop irrigation. Thus, it is vital that the resulting effluent meets the required quality for beneficial reuse. In this paper, both the performance of WSPs in the removal of organic micropollutants, and the mechanisms of removal, are reviewed. The performance of WSPs in the removal of organic micropollutants was found to be highly variable and influenced by many factors, such as the type and configuration of the ponds, the operational parameters of the treatment plant, the wastewater quality, environmental factors (e.g. sunlight, temperature, redox conditions and pH) and the characteristics of the pollutant. The removal of organic micropollutants from WSPs has been attributed to biodegradation, photodegradation and sorption processes, the majority of which occur in the initial treatment stages (e.g. in the anaerobic or facultative ponds). Out of the many hundreds of organic micropollutants identified in wastewater, only a limited number (40) have been studied in WSPs, with the majority of these pollutants being pharmaceuticals, personal care products and endocrine disrupting compounds. Thus, future research on the fate of organic micropollutants in WSPs should encompass a broader range of micropollutants and include emerging organic pollutants, such as illicit drugs and perfluorinated compounds. Further research is also needed on the formation and toxicity of transformation products from organic micropollutants in WSPs, since the transformation products of some organic micropollutants can be more toxic than the parent compound. Combining other wastewater treatment processes with WSPs for removal of recalcitrant organic micropollutants should also be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanta Gruchlik
- Curtin Water Quality Research Centre (CWQRC), Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia.
| | - Kathryn Linge
- Curtin Water Quality Research Centre (CWQRC), Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
| | - Cynthia Joll
- Curtin Water Quality Research Centre (CWQRC), Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
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34
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Ncube S, Lekoto G, Cukrowska E, Chimuka L. Development and optimisation of a novel three-way extraction technique based on a combination of Soxhlet extraction, membrane assisted solvent extraction and a molecularly imprinted polymer using sludge polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as model compounds. J Sep Sci 2017; 41:918-928. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201701216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Somandla Ncube
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry; University of Witwatersrand; Johannesburg South Africa
| | - Goitsemang Lekoto
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry; University of Witwatersrand; Johannesburg South Africa
- National Metrology Institute of South Africa; Pretoria South Africa
| | - Ewa Cukrowska
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry; University of Witwatersrand; Johannesburg South Africa
| | - Luke Chimuka
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry; University of Witwatersrand; Johannesburg South Africa
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35
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Affiliation(s)
- Himanshu Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, IFTM University, Moradabad, UP, India
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36
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Moeder M, Carranza-Diaz O, López-Angulo G, Vega-Aviña R, Chávez-Durán FA, Jomaa S, Winkler U, Schrader S, Reemtsma T, Delgado-Vargas F. Potential of vegetated ditches to manage organic pollutants derived from agricultural runoff and domestic sewage: A case study in Sinaloa (Mexico). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 598:1106-1115. [PMID: 28482458 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.04.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This case study presents the fate of selected organic, priority and emerging pollutants along a 3.6km sector of a vegetated, agricultural ditch situated in Sinaloa (Mexico). The ditch receives runoff of agriculture and domestic wastewater from an adjacent community. During 2013, the occurrence of 38 organic pollutants (pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), artificial sweeteners and pharmaceutical residues) was monitored monthly at five selected points in the ditch water. Additionally, sediment and Typha domingensis (cattail) plants were collected in March, June, and September 2013 and investigated concerning their ability to absorb and accumulate pollutants. The concentrations of the selected pollutants in the ditch water ranged from sub ngL-1 (metolachlor, atrazine) to μgL-1 (metalaxyl, acesulfame). The metabolites endosulfan sulfate and endosulfan lactone exceeded mostly the concentration of the precursor insecticide endosulfan. Sorption on sediments was of minor relevance for accumulation of pollutants in the ditch system. Concentrations in the sediments varied seasonally and ranged from 0.2 to 12,432μgkg-1 dry weight (d.w.). T. domingensis accumulated ten of the studied pollutants mainly in roots (5-1065μgkg-1 d.w.). Overall, the monitoring results of the ditch compartments indicated that downstream the concentrations of the target pollutants decreased. Under no-flow conditions in the hot season, the ditch revealed a noticeable potential to mitigate pollutants. Among the high microbial activity in the water and the subtropical climate conditions, the ditch vegetation contributed to natural attenuation of the selected pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Moeder
- UFZ-Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Otoniel Carranza-Diaz
- Marine Sciences Faculty, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Paseo Claussen S/N, Col. Centro, CP 82000 Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Gabriela López-Angulo
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, CP 80010 Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Rito Vega-Aviña
- Facultad de Agronomía, UAS, Carretera Culiacán-El Dorado km 17.5, CP 80000 Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Francisco Armando Chávez-Durán
- Comisión Nacional del Agua, Organismo de Cuenca Pacífico Norte, Dirección de Infraestructura Hidroagrícola, Ingeniería de Riego y Drenaje Distrito de Riego 010 Culiacán-Humaya, Mexico
| | - Seifeddine Jomaa
- UFZ-Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research, Department of Aquatic Ecosystem Analysis and Management, Brueckstrasse 3a, 39114 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Ursula Winkler
- UFZ-Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Steffi Schrader
- UFZ-Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thorsten Reemtsma
- UFZ-Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Francisco Delgado-Vargas
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, CP 80010 Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico
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37
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Lu F, Kuhnle GK, Cheng Q. Vegetable oil as fat replacer inhibits formation of heterocyclic amines and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in reduced fat pork patties. Food Control 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2017.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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38
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García-Delgado C, Alonso-Izquierdo M, González-Izquierdo M, Yunta F, Eymar E. Purification of polluted water with spent mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) substrate: from agricultural waste to biosorbent of phenanthrene, Cd and Pb. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2017; 38:1792-1799. [PMID: 27776443 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2016.1246614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The present research was aimed to (i) report the recycling of spent A. bisporus substrate (SAS) to remove heavy metals (Cd and Pb) and phenanthrene (Phe) from polluted water and (ii) assess the possibility to use the treated water for irrigation. Batch experiments were carried out to assess, firstly, the effect of interaction time between pollutants with SAS and, secondly, the pH of the polluted water. Then a biofilter was designed by using pressurized glass columns. Chemical parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity and content of Pb, Cd, Phe, nutrients (NPK) and Cl- were determined. Equilibrium for contaminants was quickly reached (1-2 h). The pH of the polluted water was the key factor for pollutants' adsorption. The polluted water's pH was increased after biofilter interaction. Phe was not detected in any fraction. Pb and Cd sorption rates were higher than 99%. The pollutant concentrations were within the permitted range to be used for agriculture purposes. Purified water showed significant concentrations of NPK, indicating its potential use as fertilizer. The SAS shows potential to be used as Phe, Pb and Cd biosorbent and the resulting treated water can be used for irrigation according to pollutant contents and agronomical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C García-Delgado
- a Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Food Sciences , University Autónoma of Madrid , Madrid , Spain
| | - M Alonso-Izquierdo
- a Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Food Sciences , University Autónoma of Madrid , Madrid , Spain
| | - M González-Izquierdo
- a Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Food Sciences , University Autónoma of Madrid , Madrid , Spain
| | - F Yunta
- a Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Food Sciences , University Autónoma of Madrid , Madrid , Spain
| | - E Eymar
- a Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Food Sciences , University Autónoma of Madrid , Madrid , Spain
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39
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Alawi MA, Tarawneh IN, Ghanem Z. Removal efficiency of PAH’s from five wastewater treatment plants in Jordan. TOXIN REV 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2017.1330271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud A. Alawi
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan and
| | | | - Zahra’ Ghanem
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan and
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40
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Man YB, Chow KL, Cheng Z, Mo WY, Chan YH, Lam JCW, Lau FTK, Fung WC, Wong MH. Profiles and removal efficiency of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by two different types of sewage treatment plants in Hong Kong. J Environ Sci (China) 2017; 53:196-206. [PMID: 28372744 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2016.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Sewage discharge could be a major source of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the coastal waters. Stonecutters Island and Shatin Sewage Treatment Works (SCISTW and STSTW) in Hong Kong, adopted chemically enhanced primary treatment and biological treatment, respectively. This study aimed at (1) determining the removal efficiencies of PAHs, (2) comparing the capabilities in removing PAHs, and (3) characterizing the profile of each individual PAHs, in the two sewage treatment plants (STPs). Quantification of 16 PAHs was conducted by a Gas Chromatography. The concentrations of total PAHs decreased gradually along the treatment processes (from 301±255 and 307±217ng/L to 14.9±12.1 and 63.3±54.1ng/L in STSTW and SCISTW, respectively). It was noted that STSTW was more capable in removing total PAHs than SCISTW with average total removal efficiency 94.4%±4.12% vs. 79.2%±7.48% (p<0.05). The removal of PAHs was probably due to sorption in particular matter, confirmed by the higher distribution coefficient of individual and total PAHs in solid samples (dewatered sludge contained 92.5% and 74.7% of total PAHs in SCISTW and STSTW, respectively) than liquid samples (final effluent-total contained 7.53% and 25.3% of total PAHs in STSTW and SCISTW, respectively). Despite the impressive capability of STSTW and SCISTW in removing PAHs, there was still a considerable amount of total PAHs (1.85 and 39.3kg/year, respectively for the two STPs) being discharged into Hong Kong coastal waters, which would be an environmental concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Bon Man
- Consortium on Health, Environment, Education and Research (CHEER), and Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong, China; Department of Environmental Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China; State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, Croucher Institute for Environmental Sciences, Hong Kong Baptist University and City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ka Lai Chow
- Department of Geography, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhang Cheng
- College of Environment, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Wing Yin Mo
- Consortium on Health, Environment, Education and Research (CHEER), and Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yung Hau Chan
- Consortium on Health, Environment, Education and Research (CHEER), and Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong, China
| | - James Chung Wah Lam
- Consortium on Health, Environment, Education and Research (CHEER), and Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution and Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Frankie Tat Kwong Lau
- The Drainage Services Department, The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wing Cheong Fung
- The Drainage Services Department, The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ming Hung Wong
- Consortium on Health, Environment, Education and Research (CHEER), and Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong, China; Department of Environmental Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China; State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, Croucher Institute for Environmental Sciences, Hong Kong Baptist University and City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China.
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41
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Bressan LP, do Nascimento PC, Schmidt MEP, Faccin H, de Machado LC, Bohrer D. Salting-out assisted liquid-liquid extraction and partial least squares regression to assay low molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons leached from soils and sediments. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2017; 173:749-756. [PMID: 27794240 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2016.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A novel method was developed to determine low molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in aqueous leachates from soils and sediments using a salting-out assisted liquid-liquid extraction, synchronous fluorescence spectrometry and a multivariate calibration technique. Several experimental parameters were controlled and the optimum conditions were: sodium carbonate as the salting-out agent at concentration of 2molL-1, 3mL of acetonitrile as extraction solvent, 6mL of aqueous leachate, vortexing for 5min and centrifuging at 4000rpm for 5min. The partial least squares calibration was optimized to the lowest values of root mean squared error and five latent variables were chosen for each of the targeted compounds. The regression coefficients for the true versus predicted concentrations were higher than 0.99. Figures of merit for the multivariate method were calculated, namely sensitivity, multivariate detection limit and multivariate quantification limit. The selectivity was also evaluated and other polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons did not interfere in the analysis. Likewise, high performance liquid chromatography was used as a comparative methodology, and the regression analysis between the methods showed no statistical difference (t-test). The proposed methodology was applied to soils and sediments of a Brazilian river and the recoveries ranged from 74.3% to 105.8%. Overall, the proposed methodology was suitable for the targeted compounds, showing that the extraction method can be applied to spectrofluorometric analysis and that the multivariate calibration is also suitable for these compounds in leachates from real samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas P Bressan
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97111-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Marcella E P Schmidt
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97111-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Henrique Faccin
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97111-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Denise Bohrer
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97111-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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Lévy M, Fournier E, Heyrich Y, Millet M. Coupling ASE, SPE and SPME for the Extraction and Quantification of PAH in Passive Samplers and Biological Materials (Pine Needles). Polycycl Aromat Compd 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2016.1253595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marine Lévy
- Institute of Chemistry and Processes for Energy, Environment and Health ICPEES UMR 7515 Group of Physical Chemistry of the Atmosphere, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Eugénie Fournier
- Institute of Chemistry and Processes for Energy, Environment and Health ICPEES UMR 7515 Group of Physical Chemistry of the Atmosphere, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Yasmine Heyrich
- Institute of Chemistry and Processes for Energy, Environment and Health ICPEES UMR 7515 Group of Physical Chemistry of the Atmosphere, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Maurice Millet
- Institute of Chemistry and Processes for Energy, Environment and Health ICPEES UMR 7515 Group of Physical Chemistry of the Atmosphere, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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43
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Hernández Blanco FJ, García de Llasera MP. Monitoring dihydrodiol polyaromatic hydrocarbon metabolites produced by the freshwater microalgae Selenastrum capricornutum. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 158:80-90. [PMID: 27258898 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.05.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We found that microalgae exposed to a mixture of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) did not show growth inhibition. Thus, we assumed that they could metabolize these compounds. In this study, the dihydrodiol-type PAH metabolites of benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), benzo(a)anthracene (BaA), benzo(b)fluoranthene (BbF) and benzo(k)fluoranthene (BkF) produced by the freshwater microalgae Selenastrum capricornutum were monitored and quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (HPLC-FD) techniques. Exposure bioassays with S. capricornutum were performed using a 266 ng mL(-1) mixture of PAHs at different exposure times (0.75, 1, 3, 8, 16, 24 and 48 h) under controlled temperature (25 °C); the dihydrodiol metabolites formed in the liquid medium and the biomass were quantified. Metabolite identities were confirmed using HPLC-mass spectrometry; most of the metabolites formed were derived from BaA degradation. At 48 h after exposure 5,6-dBaA and 8,9-dBaA/10,11-dBaA were present in the liquid medium at 20% and 67% of the initial mass of BaA, respectively. Three metabolites of BaP were monitored in the liquid medium and biomass and, at 24 h, 4,5-dBaP accounted for 19%; , 7,8-dBaP, 5%; and 9,10-dBaP, 5% relative to the initial BaP mass. Microalgae exposed to BbF showed the presence of 1,2-dBbF and 9,10-dBbF (at 0.3% and 0.1% of the initial BbF mass, respectively) and those exposed to BkF produced 8,9-dBkF (6.5% of the initial BkF mass) in the liquid medium. Seven unknown compounds were formed after exposure; two compounds were identified as the metabolites of BaA and BaP. The results could facilitate the elucidation of the controversial biodegradation mechanism in microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando José Hernández Blanco
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Química Analítica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, México. D. F., 04510, Mexico
| | - Martha Patricia García de Llasera
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Química Analítica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, México. D. F., 04510, Mexico.
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Zhao W, Yang L, He L, Zhang S. Simultaneous Enrichment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Cu(2+) in Water Using Tetraazacalix[2]arene[2]triazine as a Solid-Phase Extraction Selector. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:6233-6239. [PMID: 27434330 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b03083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
On the basis of the definite retention mechanism proven by the stationary phase for high-performance liquid chromatography, tetraazacalix[2]arene[2]triazine featuring multiple recognition sites was assessed as a solid-phase extraction (SPE) selector. The applicability of its silica support was used for the extraction of trace amounts of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and Cu(2+) in aqueous samples, followed by high-performance liquid chromatography fluorometric and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometric determination. On the basis of the π-π interaction with PAHs and the chelating interaction with Cu(2+), the simultaneous extraction of PAHs and Cu(2+) and stepwise elution through tuning the eluent were successfully achieved, respectively. The SPE conditions affecting the extraction efficiency were optimized, including type and concentration of organic modifier, sample solution pH, flow rate, and volume. As a result of the special adsorption and desorption mechanism, high extraction efficiency was achieved with relative recoveries of 94.3-102.4% and relative standard deviations of less than 10.5%. The limits of detection were obtained with 0.4-3.1 ng L(-1) for PAHs and 15 ng L(-1) for Cu(2+), respectively. The method was applied to the analyses of PAHs and Cu(2+) in Xiliu Lake water samples collected in Zhengzhou, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology , Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, People's Republic of China
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Liu Yang
- School of Material and Chemical Engineering, Henan Institute of Engineering , Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijun He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology , Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Shusheng Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, People's Republic of China
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Li H, Ma Y. Field study on the uptake, accumulation, translocation and risk assessment of PAHs in a soil-wheat system with amendments of sewage sludge. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 560-561:55-61. [PMID: 27093123 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Field experiments were conducted to explore the uptake and translocation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) by wheat plants following sewage sludge application. Two types of application methods (single or annual application) and four application rates (5, 10, 20, and 40t/ha/year) were investigated. The contents of 16 PAHs in soils, wheat roots and straws increased as the rate of sewage sludge application increased and were in the range of 20.7 to 241, 166 to 700, and 110 to 260ng/g dry weight (dw), respectively. Meanwhile, for the PAH contents in grains (81.2-95.2ng/g dw), no statistically significant differences were observed among different treatments. A single application of a large quantity of sewage sludge would likely increase the accumulation of PAHs in soil as well as their subsequent uptake and translocation by wheat. Profile analysis indicated that the transfer and accumulation of lower weight PAHs in wheat plants were greater. Regarding PAHs, sewage sludge application at 40t/ha/year for 6years did not significantly increase the risks of intake by wheat grain grown on sludge-amended soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helian Li
- School of Resources and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Yibing Ma
- School of Resources and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China.
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Česen M, Kosjek T, Busetti F, Kompare B, Heath E. Human metabolites and transformation products of cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide: analysis, occurrence and formation during abiotic treatments. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:11209-11223. [PMID: 26920534 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6321-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study describes a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analytical method for the analysis of cytostatic cyclophosphamide (CP), ifosfamide (IF) and their selected metabolites/transformation products (TPs): carboxy-cyclophosphamide (carboxy-CP), keto-cyclophosphamide (keto-CP) and 3-dechloroethyl-ifosfamide/N-dechloroethyl-cyclophosphamide (N-decl-CP) in wastewater (WW). Keto-cyclophosphamide, CP and IF were extracted with Oasis HLB and N-decl-CP and carboxy-CP with Isolute ENV+ cartridges. Analyte derivatization was performed by silylation (metabolites/TPs) and acetylation (CP and IF). The recoveries and LOQs of the developed method were 58, 87 and 103 % and 77.7, 43.7 and 6.7 ng L(-1) for carboxy-CP, keto-CP and N-decl-CP, respectively. After validation, the analytical method was applied to hospital WW and influent and effluent samples of a receiving WW treatment plant. In hospital WW, levels up to 2690, 47.0, 13,200, 2100 and 178 ng L(-1) were detected for CP, IF, carboxy-CP, N-decl-CP and keto-CP, respectively, while in influent and effluent samples concentrations were below LOQs. The formation of TPs during abiotic treatments was also studied. Liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry was used to identify CP and IF TPs in ultrapure water, treated with UV and UV/H2O2. UV treatment produced four CP TPs and four IF TPs, while UV/H2O2 resulted in five CPs and four IF TPs. Besides already known TPs, three novel TPs (CP-TP138a, imino-ifosfamide and IF-TP138) have been tentatively identified. In hospital WW treated by UV/O3/H2O2, none of the target metabolites/TPs resulted above LOQs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjeta Česen
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova cesta 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tina Kosjek
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova cesta 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Francesco Busetti
- Curtin Water Quality Research Centre (CWQRC), Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia
| | - Boris Kompare
- Faculty of Civil and Geodetic Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Hajdrihova 28, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ester Heath
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova cesta 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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47
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Removal of naphthalene and phenanthrene using aerobic membrane bioreactor. Biodegradation 2016; 27:83-93. [DOI: 10.1007/s10532-016-9757-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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48
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Zhang M, Xu LH, Lee SS, Ok YS. Sorption of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) by dietary fiber extracted from wheat bran. CHEMICAL SPECIATION & BIOAVAILABILITY 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/09542299.2015.1136569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
- Korea Biochar Research Center & Department of Biological Environment, Kangwon National University, , Korea
| | - Li Heng Xu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sang Soo Lee
- Korea Biochar Research Center & Department of Biological Environment, Kangwon National University, , Korea
| | - Yong Sik Ok
- Department of Environmental Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
- Korea Biochar Research Center & Department of Biological Environment, Kangwon National University, , Korea
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Rezaiyan M, Parastar H, Hormozi-Nezhad MR. Multi-response optimization followed by multivariate calibration for simultaneous determination of carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in environmental samples using gold nanoparticles. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra18415d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A multivariate-based strategy was developed for simultaneous determination of thirteen carcinogenic PAHs in water samples using AuNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Rezaiyan
- Department of Chemistry
- Sharif University of Technology
- Tehran
- Iran
| | - Hadi Parastar
- Department of Chemistry
- Sharif University of Technology
- Tehran
- Iran
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50
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Rabodonirina S, Net S, Ouddane B, Merhaby D, Dumoulin D, Popescu T, Ravelonandro P. Distribution of persistent organic pollutants (PAHs, Me-PAHs, PCBs) in dissolved, particulate and sedimentary phases in freshwater systems. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2015; 206:38-48. [PMID: 26142749 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of three groups of hazardous organic contaminants (PCBs, PAHs, Me-PAHs) in fifteen watercourses and rivers located in highly urbanized and industrialized zones was studied. The distribution of 62 organic contaminants was determined in three matrices: in the dissolved phase, associated with suspended solid matter (SSM) and in sediment. Their distributions in the aquatic environment depend strongly on their physicochemical properties. Low molecular weight PAHs were predominant in the dissolved phase while those with high molecular weight accumulated preferentially in SSM and sediments. Among the 28 PCBs congeners, only PCB153 was detected. The results showed that the contamination of these areas originated mainly from combustion processes. The three the most polluted sites identified are surrounded by big cities. Ecotoxicological assessment based on the international Sediment Quality Guidelines (SQGs) showed that the toxic effects of the sediment in these watercourses and rivers occurred due to high levels of hydrocarbons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanah Rabodonirina
- Université de Lille, LASIR-UMR CNRS 8516, Equipe Physico-Chimie de l'Environnement, Bat. C8, 59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France; Faculté des Sciences de l'Université d'Antananarivo, Unité de Recherche en Génie des Procédés et Génie de l'Environnement (URGPGE), BP 906-101, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Sopheak Net
- Université de Lille, LASIR-UMR CNRS 8516, Equipe Physico-Chimie de l'Environnement, Bat. C8, 59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
| | - Baghdad Ouddane
- Université de Lille, LASIR-UMR CNRS 8516, Equipe Physico-Chimie de l'Environnement, Bat. C8, 59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Dima Merhaby
- Université de Lille, LASIR-UMR CNRS 8516, Equipe Physico-Chimie de l'Environnement, Bat. C8, 59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France; Université Libanaise, Faculté de santé publique section III, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Eau et de l'Environnement (L.S.E.E), Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - David Dumoulin
- Université de Lille, LASIR-UMR CNRS 8516, Equipe Physico-Chimie de l'Environnement, Bat. C8, 59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Tudor Popescu
- Université de Lille, LASIR-UMR CNRS 8516, Equipe Physico-Chimie de l'Environnement, Bat. C8, 59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France; Université d'Etat de Moldavie, Faculté de Biologie et de l'Ecologie, Laboratoire Algologie, MD-2009, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
| | - Pierre Ravelonandro
- Faculté des Sciences de l'Université d'Antananarivo, Unité de Recherche en Génie des Procédés et Génie de l'Environnement (URGPGE), BP 906-101, Antananarivo, Madagascar
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