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Wei H, Wang Z, Wang J, Mao X, He W, Hu W, Tang M, Chen H. Mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal perennial ryegrass roots exhibit differential regulation of lipid and Ca 2+ signaling pathways in response to low and high temperature stresses. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 216:109099. [PMID: 39260265 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.109099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 08/16/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
Lipids and Ca2+ are involved as intermediate messengers in temperature-sensing signaling pathways. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis is a mutualistic symbiosis between fungi and terrestrial plants that helps host plants cope with adverse environmental conditions. Nonetheless, the regulatory mechanisms of lipid- and Ca2+-mediated signaling pathways in mycorrhizal plants under cold and heat stress have not been determined. The present work focused on investigating the lipid- and Ca2+-mediated signaling pathways in arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) and non-mycorrhizal (NM) roots under temperature stress and determining the role of Ca2+ levels in AM symbiosis and temperature stress tolerance in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) Compared with NM plants, AM symbiosis increased phosphatidic acid (PA) and Ca2+ signaling in the roots of perennial ryegrass, increasing the expression of genes associated with low temperature (LT) stress, including LpICE1, LpCBF3, LpCOR27, LpCOR47, LpIRI, and LpAFP, and high temperature (HT) stress, including LpHSFC1b, LpHSFC2b, LpsHSP17.8, LpHSP22, LpHSP70, and LpHSP90, under LT and HT conditions. These effects result in modulated antioxidant enzyme activities, reduced lipid peroxidation, and suppressed growth inhibition caused by LT and HT stresses. Furthermore, exogenous Ca2+ application enhanced AM symbiosis, leading to the upregulation of Ca2+ signaling pathway genes in roots and ultimately promoting the growth of perennial ryegrass under LT and HT stresses. These findings shed light on lipid and Ca2+ signal transduction in AM-associated plants under LT and HT stresses, emphasizing that Ca2+ enhances cold and heat tolerance in mycorrhizal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjian Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro- Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Zhihao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro- Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jiajin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro- Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xinjie Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro- Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Wenyuan He
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro- Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Wentao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro- Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Ming Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro- Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Hui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro- Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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Matzner M, Launhardt L, Barth O, Humbeck K, Goss R, Heilmann I. Inter-Organellar Effects of Defective ER-Localized Linolenic Acid Formation on Thylakoid Lipid Composition, Non-Photochemical Quenching of Chlorophyll Fluorescence and Xanthophyll Cycle Activity in the Arabidopsis fad3 Mutant. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 65:958-974. [PMID: 37991227 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcad141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) is the main lipid constituent of thylakoids and a structural component of photosystems and photosynthesis-related proteo-lipid complexes in green tissues. Previously reported changes in MGDG abundance upon stress treatments are hypothesized to reflect mobilization of MGDG-based polyunsaturated lipid intermediates to maintain extraplastidial membrane integrity. While exchange of lipid intermediates between compartmental membranes is well documented, physiological consequences of mobilizing an essential thylakoid lipid, such as MGDG, for an alternative purpose are not well understood. Arabidopsis seedlings exposed to mild (50 mM) salt treatment displayed significantly increased abundance of both MGDG and the extraplastidial lipid, phosphatidylcholine (PC). Interestingly, similar increases in MGDG and PC were observed in Arabidopsis fad3 mutant seedlings defective in endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-localized linolenic acid formation, in which compensatory plastid-to-ER-directed mobilization of linolenic acid-containing intermediates takes place. The postulated (salt) or evident (fad3) plastid-ER exchange of intermediates concurred with altered thylakoid function according to parameters of photosynthetic performance. While salt treatment of wild-type seedlings inhibited photosynthetic parameters in a dose-dependent manner, interestingly, untreated fad3 mutants did not show overall reduced photosynthetic quantum yield. By contrast, we observed a reduction specifically of non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) under high light, representing only part of observed salt effects. The decreased NPQ in the fad3 mutant was accompanied by reduced activity of the xanthophyll cycle, leading to a reduced concentration of the NPQ-effective pigment zeaxanthin. The findings suggest that altered ER-located fatty acid unsaturation and ensuing inter-organellar compensation impacts on the function of specific thylakoid enzymes, rather than globally affecting thylakoid function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique Matzner
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Charles Tanford Protein Science Center, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3a, Halle (Saale) 06120, Germany
| | - Larissa Launhardt
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Charles Tanford Protein Science Center, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3a, Halle (Saale) 06120, Germany
| | - Olaf Barth
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Weinbergweg 10, Halle (Saale) 06120, Germany
| | - Klaus Humbeck
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Weinbergweg 10, Halle (Saale) 06120, Germany
| | - Reimund Goss
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Biology, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 23, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Ingo Heilmann
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Charles Tanford Protein Science Center, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3a, Halle (Saale) 06120, Germany
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Caccialupi G, Milc J, Caradonia F, Nasar MF, Francia E. The Triticeae CBF Gene Cluster-To Frost Resistance and Beyond. Cells 2023; 12:2606. [PMID: 37998341 PMCID: PMC10670769 DOI: 10.3390/cells12222606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The pivotal role of CBF/DREB1 transcriptional factors in Triticeae crops involved in the abiotic stress response has been highlighted. The CBFs represent an important hub in the ICE-CBF-COR pathway, which is one of the most relevant mechanisms capable of activating the adaptive response to cold and drought in wheat, barley, and rye. Understanding the intricate mechanisms and regulation of the cluster of CBF genes harbored by the homoeologous chromosome group 5 entails significant potential for the genetic improvement of small grain cereals. Triticeae crops seem to share common mechanisms characterized, however, by some peculiar aspects of the response to stress, highlighting a combined landscape of single-nucleotide variants and copy number variation involving CBF members of subgroup IV. Moreover, while chromosome 5 ploidy appears to confer species-specific levels of resistance, an important involvement of the ICE factor might explain the greater tolerance of rye. By unraveling the genetic basis of abiotic stress tolerance, researchers can develop resilient varieties better equipped to withstand extreme environmental conditions. Hence, advancing our knowledge of CBFs and their interactions represents a promising avenue for improving crop resilience and food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Caccialupi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Amendola 2, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (J.M.); (F.C.); (M.F.N.); (E.F.)
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Saini R, Adhikary A, Juneja S, Kumar R, Singh I, Nayyar H, Kumar S. Drought priming triggers diverse metabolic adjustments and induces chilling tolerance in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 194:418-439. [PMID: 36493590 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) suffers from chilling stress at the reproductive stage (<15 °C) which leads to significant yield loss. This study presents a comprehensive plant response to drought priming and its effect on chilling tolerance during the reproductive stage in two chickpea cultivars PBG1 and PBG5. Lipidome profiling (Fatty acid methyl esters analysis), metabolome profiling (GC-MS based untargeted analysis), fatty acid desaturases and antioxidative gene expression (qRT-PCR) were analyzed to monitor physiological and biochemical events after priming during flowering, podding and seed filling stages. Drought priming alleviated membrane damage and chlorophyll degradation by increasing membrane unsaturated fatty acids (18:3) along with up-regulation of various fatty acid desaturases (CaFADs) genes and antioxidative machinery during flowering and improved seed yield in PBG5. PCA, HCA, and KEGG pathway analysis of 87 identified metabolites showed that metabolites were regulated differently in both cultivars under non-primed and primed conditions. The plant response was more apparent at flowering and podding stages which coincided with chilling temperature (<15 °C). Drought priming stimulated many important genes, especially FADs, antioxidative proteins and accumulation of key metabolites (proline and TCA intermediates) required for defense especially in PBG5. This explains that plant's response to drought priming not only depends on developmental stage, and temperature regime (<15 °C) but also on the genotypic-specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Saini
- Centre for Biosciences, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401, India
| | - Arindam Adhikary
- Centre for Biosciences, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401, India
| | - Sumandeep Juneja
- Centre for Biosciences, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401, India
| | - Rashpal Kumar
- Centre for Biosciences, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401, India
| | - Inderjit Singh
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agriculture University, Ludhiana, 141004, India
| | - Harsh Nayyar
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar
- Centre for Biosciences, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401, India; Department of Botany, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401, India.
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Guo J, Wang H, Liu S, Wang Y, Liu F, Li X. Parental drought priming enhances tolerance to low temperature in wheat ( Triticum aestivum) offspring. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2022; 49:946-957. [PMID: 35871526 DOI: 10.1071/fp22043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Low temperature is one of the major environmental stresses that limit crop growth and grain yield in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Drought priming at the vegetative stage could enhance wheat tolerance to later cold stress; however, the transgenerational effects of drought priming on wheat offspring's cold stress tolerance remains unclear. Here, the low temperature responses of offspring were tested after the parental drought priming treatment at grain filling stage. The offspring plants from parental drought priming treatment had a higher abscisic acid (ABA) level and lower osmotic potential (Ψo) than the control plants under cold conditions. Moreover, parental drought priming increased the antioxidant enzyme activities and decreased hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) accumulation in offspring. In comparison to control plants, parental drought priming plants had a higher ATP concentration and higher activities of ATPase and the enzymes involved in sucrose biosynthesis and starch metabolism. The results indicated that parental drought priming induced low temperature tolerance in offspring by regulating endogenous ABA levels and maintaining the redox homeostasis and the balance of carbohydrate metabolism, which provided a potential approach for cold resistant cultivation in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhong Guo
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hongyan Wang
- Laboratory of Plant Epigenetics and Evolution, School of Life Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Shengqun Liu
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Yongjun Wang
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jilin Academy of Agriculture Sciences/State Engineering Laboratory of Maize, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Fulai Liu
- University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Science, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Højbakkegård Allé 13, Tåstrup DK-2630, Denmark
| | - Xiangnan Li
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; and CAS Engineering Laboratory for Eco-agriculture in Water Source of Liaoheyuan, Chinese Academy of Science, Changchun 130102, China
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Jiang G, Hassan MA, Muhammad N, Arshad M, Chen X, Xu Y, Xu H, Ni Q, Liu B, Yang W, Li J. Comparative Physiology and Transcriptome Analysis of Young Spikes in Response to Late Spring Coldness in Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:811884. [PMID: 35185984 PMCID: PMC8850991 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.811884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Late spring coldness (LSC) is critical for wheat growth and development in the Huang-Huai valleys of China. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms for young spikes responding to low temperature (LT) stress during anther connective tissue formation phase (ACFP). To elucidate the molecular mechanisms associated with low temperature, we performed a comparative transcriptome analysis of wheat cultivars Xinmai26 (XM26: cold-sensitive) and Yannong19 (YN19: cold-tolerant) using RNA-seq data. Over 4000 differently expressed genes (DEGs) were identified under low temperature conditions (T1: 4°C) and freezing conditions (T2: -4°C) compared with control (CK: 16°C). The number of DEGs associated with two cultivars at two low temperature treatments (T1: 4°C and T2: -4°C) were 834, 1,353, 231, and 1,882 in four comparison groups (Xinmai26-CK vs. Xinmai26-T1, Xinmai26-CK vs. Xinmai26-T2, Yannong19-CK vs. Yannong19-T1, and Yannong19-CK vs. Yannong19-T2), respectively. Furthermore, to validate the accuracy of RNA-seq, 16 DEGs were analyzed using quantitative real-time RT-PCR. Several transcriptome changes were observed through Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway functional enrichment analysis in plant hormone signal transduction, circadian rhythm-plant, and starch and sucrose metabolism under low temperature. In addition, 126 transcription factors (TFs), including AP2-ERF, bHLH, WRKY, MYB, HSF, and members of the bZIP family, were considered as cold-responsive. It is the first study to investigate DEGs associated with low temperature stress at the transcriptome level in two wheat cultivars with different cold resistance capacities. Most likely, the variations in transcription factors (TFs) regulation, and starch and sucrose metabolism contribute to different cold resistance capacities in the two cultivars. Further, physiological activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) enzymes, malondialdehyde (MDA), soluble sugar (SS), and sucrose contents were evaluated to investigate the negative impacts of low temperature in both cultivars. These findings provide new insight into the molecular mechanisms of plant responses to low temperature and potential candidate genes that required for improving wheat's capacity to withstand low temperature stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Jiang
- School of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | | | - Noor Muhammad
- Agronomy Forage Production Section, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Arshad
- Agriculture Department, Crop Reporting Service, Nankana Sahib, Pakistan
| | - Xiang Chen
- School of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Yonghan Xu
- School of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Hui Xu
- School of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Qianqian Ni
- School of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Binbin Liu
- School of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Wenkang Yang
- School of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Jincai Li
- School of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing, China
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Lohani N, Singh MB, Bhalla PL. Biological Parts for Engineering Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants. BIODESIGN RESEARCH 2022; 2022:9819314. [PMID: 37850130 PMCID: PMC10521667 DOI: 10.34133/2022/9819314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
It is vital to ramp up crop production dramatically by 2050 due to the increasing global population and demand for food. However, with the climate change projections showing that droughts and heatwaves becoming common in much of the globe, there is a severe threat of a sharp decline in crop yields. Thus, developing crop varieties with inbuilt genetic tolerance to environmental stresses is urgently needed. Selective breeding based on genetic diversity is not keeping up with the growing demand for food and feed. However, the emergence of contemporary plant genetic engineering, genome-editing, and synthetic biology offer precise tools for developing crops that can sustain productivity under stress conditions. Here, we summarize the systems biology-level understanding of regulatory pathways involved in perception, signalling, and protective processes activated in response to unfavourable environmental conditions. The potential role of noncoding RNAs in the regulation of abiotic stress responses has also been highlighted. Further, examples of imparting abiotic stress tolerance by genetic engineering are discussed. Additionally, we provide perspectives on the rational design of abiotic stress tolerance through synthetic biology and list various bioparts that can be used to design synthetic gene circuits whose stress-protective functions can be switched on/off in response to environmental cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeta Lohani
- Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Mohan B. Singh
- Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Prem L. Bhalla
- Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
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Guan P, Shi W, Riemann M, Nick P. Dissecting the membrane-microtubule sensor in grapevine defence. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2021; 8:260. [PMID: 34848701 PMCID: PMC8632924 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-021-00703-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Specific populations of plant microtubules cooperate with the plasma membrane to sense and process abiotic stress signals, such as cold stress. The current study derived from the question, to what extent this perception system is active in biotic stress signalling. The experimental system consisted of grapevine cell lines, where microtubules or actin filaments are visualised by GFP, such that their response became visible in vivo. We used the bacterial elicitors harpin (inducing cell-death related defence), or flg22 (inducing basal immunity) in combination with modulators of membrane fluidity, or microtubules. We show that DMSO, a membrane rigidifier, can cause microtubule bundling and trigger defence responses, including activation of phytoalexin transcripts. However, DMSO inhibited the gene expression in response to harpin, while promoting the gene expression in response to flg22. Treatment with DMSO also rendered microtubules more persistent to harpin. Paradoxically, Benzylalcohol (BA), a membrane fluidiser, acted in the same way as DMSO. Neither GdCl3, nor diphenylene iodonium were able to block the inhibitory effect of membrane rigidification on harpin-induced gene expression. Treatment with taxol stabilised microtubule against harpin but amplified the response of PAL transcripts. Therefore, the data support implications of a model that deploys specific responses to pathogen-derived signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingyin Guan
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
- Molecular Cell Biology, Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Wenjing Shi
- Molecular Cell Biology, Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Michael Riemann
- Molecular Cell Biology, Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Peter Nick
- Molecular Cell Biology, Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.
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Plasma Membrane Fluidity: An Environment Thermal Detector in Plants. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102778. [PMID: 34685758 PMCID: PMC8535034 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The lipid matrix in cell membranes is a dynamic, bidimensional array of amphipathic molecules exhibiting mesomorphism, which contributes to the membrane fluidity changes in response to temperature fluctuation. As sessile organisms, plants must rapidly and accurately respond to environmental thermal variations. However, mechanisms underlying temperature perception in plants are poorly understood. We studied the thermal plasticity of membrane fluidity using three fluorescent probes across a temperature range of −5 to 41 °C in isolated microsomal fraction (MF), vacuolar membrane (VM), and plasma membrane (PM) vesicles from Arabidopsis plants. Results showed that PM were highly fluid and exhibited more phase transitions and hysteresis, while VM and MF lacked such attributes. These findings suggest that PM is an important cell hub with the capacity to rapidly undergo fluidity modifications in response to small changes of temperatures in ranges spanning those experienced in natural habitats. PM fluidity behaves as an ideal temperature detector: it is always present, covers the whole cell, responds quickly and with sensitivity to temperature variations, functions with a cell free-energy cost, and it is physically connected with potential thermal signal transducers to elicit a cell response. It is an optimal alternative for temperature detection selected for the plant kingdom.
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Convergence and Divergence: Signal Perception and Transduction Mechanisms of Cold Stress in Arabidopsis and Rice. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10091864. [PMID: 34579397 PMCID: PMC8473081 DOI: 10.3390/plants10091864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cold stress, including freezing stress and chilling stress, is one of the major environmental factors that limit the growth and productivity of plants. As a temperate dicot model plant species, Arabidopsis develops a capability to freezing tolerance through cold acclimation. The past decades have witnessed a deep understanding of mechanisms underlying cold stress signal perception, transduction, and freezing tolerance in Arabidopsis. In contrast, a monocot cereal model plant species derived from tropical and subtropical origins, rice, is very sensitive to chilling stress and has evolved a different mechanism for chilling stress signaling and response. In this review, the authors summarized the recent progress in our understanding of cold stress response mechanisms, highlighted the convergent and divergent mechanisms between Arabidopsis and rice plasma membrane cold stress perceptions, calcium signaling, phospholipid signaling, MAPK cascade signaling, ROS signaling, and ICE-CBF regulatory network, as well as light-regulated signal transduction system. Genetic engineering approaches of developing freezing tolerant Arabidopsis and chilling tolerant rice were also reviewed. Finally, the future perspective of cold stress signaling and tolerance in rice was proposed.
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Liu W, Zhang R, Xiang C, Zhang R, Wang Q, Wang T, Li X, Lu X, Gao S, Liu Z, Liu M, Gao L, Zhang W. Transcriptomic and Physiological Analysis Reveal That α-Linolenic Acid Biosynthesis Responds to Early Chilling Tolerance in Pumpkin Rootstock Varieties. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:669565. [PMID: 33968120 PMCID: PMC8104029 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.669565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Climate changes especially chilling stress affects cucurbit crops during winter seasonal production. Grafting to pumpkin rootstocks is widely used to improve the vigor of cucurbits, especially cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) plants, in the face of chilling stress. In our study, multi-disciplinary aspect approaches were used to investigate growth changes of pumpkin under chilling stress. Firstly, the morphological and physiological characteristics of 14 pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata) varieties following different periods of chilling stress was analyzed by using physiological means. Mathematical results of principal component analysis (PCA) with chlorophyll-a, chlorophyll-b, carotenoid contents, chilling injury index and relative electrolyte permeability indicated that relative electrolyte permeability as the primary judgment index was best associated with the comparison of chilling tolerance in pumpkin rootstock varieties. Then, transcriptomic and DCMU (Diuron) application and chlorophyll fluorescence examination analysis of pumpkin leaves revealed that 390 Cucurbita moschata differentially expressed genes (CmoDEGs) that affect photosynthesis were upregulated in leaves. 127 CmoDEGs both in leaves and roots were enriched for genes involved in unsaturated fatty acid metabolism, suggesting that plasma membrane lipids are involved in chilling perception. The results of increased composition of unsaturated fatty acid in leaves and qRT-PCR analysis of relative mRNA abundance confirmed that α-linolenic acid biosynthesis was responding to pumpkin chilling tolerance. The integration of physiological, mathematical bioinformatical and biological analysis results contributes to our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying chilling tolerance and its improvement in cucumber grafted on pumpkin rootstocks. It provided an important theoretical basis and reference for further understanding on the impact of climate change on plant physiological changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqian Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ruoyan Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Chenggang Xiang
- College of Life Science and Technology, HongHe University, Yunnan, China
| | - Ruiyun Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojun Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohong Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shunli Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zixi Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Mengshuang Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lihong Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenna Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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12
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Chang CYY, Bräutigam K, Hüner NPA, Ensminger I. Champions of winter survival: cold acclimation and molecular regulation of cold hardiness in evergreen conifers. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:675-691. [PMID: 32869329 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Evergreen conifers are champions of winter survival, based on their remarkable ability to acclimate to cold and develop cold hardiness. Counterintuitively, autumn cold acclimation is triggered not only by exposure to low temperature, but also by a combination of decreasing temperature, decreasing photoperiod and changes in light quality. These environmental cues control a network of signaling pathways that coordinate cold acclimation and cold hardiness in overwintering conifers, leading to cessation of growth, bud dormancy, freezing tolerance and changes in energy metabolism. Advances in genomic, transcriptomic and metabolomic tools for conifers have improved our understanding of how trees sense and respond to changes in temperature and light during cold acclimation and the development of cold hardiness, but there remain considerable gaps deserving further research in conifers. In the first section of this review, we focus on the physiological mechanisms used by evergreen conifers to adjust metabolism seasonally and to protect overwintering tissues against winter stresses. In the second section, we review how perception of low temperature and photoperiod regulate the induction of cold acclimation. Finally, we explore the evolutionary context of cold acclimation in conifers and evaluate challenges imposed on them by changing climate and discuss emerging areas of research in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Yao-Yun Chang
- Soil and Crop Sciences Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Katharina Bräutigam
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto, Mississauga, ON, L5L1C6, Canada
- Graduate Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G5, Canada
| | - Norman P A Hüner
- Department of Biology and The Biotron Experimental Climate Change Research Centre, Western University, London, ON, N6A5B7, Canada
| | - Ingo Ensminger
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto, Mississauga, ON, L5L1C6, Canada
- Graduate Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G5, Canada
- Graduate Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3B2, Canada
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13
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Ermilova E. Cold Stress Response: An Overview in Chlamydomonas. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:569437. [PMID: 33013991 PMCID: PMC7494811 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.569437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Low temperature (or cold) is one of the major environmental factors that limit the growth and development of many plants. Various plant species have evolved complex mechanisms to adjust to decreased temperature. Mesophilic chlorophytes are a widely distributed group of eukaryotic photosynthetic organisms, but there is insufficient information about the key molecular processes of their cold acclimation. The best available model for studying how chlorophytes respond to and cope with variations in temperature is the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Chlamydomonas has been widely used for decades as a model system for studying the fundamental mechanisms of the plant heat stress response. At present, unraveling novel cold-regulated events in Chlamydomonas has attracted increasing research attention. This mini-review summarizes recent progress on low-temperature-dependent processes in the model alga, while information on other photosynthetic organisms (cyanobacteria and land plants) was used to strengthen generalizations or specializations of cold-induced mechanisms in plant evolution. Here, we describe recent advances in our understanding of cold stress response in Chlamydomonas, discuss areas of controversy, and highlight potential future directions in cold acclimation research.
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14
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Fabri JHTM, de Sá NP, Malavazi I, Del Poeta M. The dynamics and role of sphingolipids in eukaryotic organisms upon thermal adaptation. Prog Lipid Res 2020; 80:101063. [PMID: 32888959 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2020.101063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
All living beings have an optimal temperature for growth and survival. With the advancement of global warming, the search for understanding adaptive processes to climate changes has gained prominence. In this context, all living beings monitor the external temperature and develop adaptive responses to thermal variations. These responses ultimately change the functioning of the cell and affect the most diverse structures and processes. One of the first structures to detect thermal variations is the plasma membrane, whose constitution allows triggering of intracellular signals that assist in the response to temperature stress. Although studies on this topic have been conducted, the underlying mechanisms of recognizing thermal changes and modifying cellular functioning to adapt to this condition are not fully understood. Recently, many reports have indicated the participation of sphingolipids (SLs), major components of the plasma membrane, in the regulation of the thermal stress response. SLs can structurally reinforce the membrane or/and send signals intracellularly to control numerous cellular processes, such as apoptosis, cytoskeleton polarization, cell cycle arresting and fungal virulence. In this review, we discuss how SLs synthesis changes during both heat and cold stresses, focusing on fungi, plants, animals and human cells. The role of lysophospholipids is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Henrique Tadini Marilhano Fabri
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA; Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Nivea Pereira de Sá
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Iran Malavazi
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Maurizio Del Poeta
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA; Veterans Administration Medical Center, Northport, New York, USA.
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15
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Wang J, Hou W, Christensen MJ, Li X, Xia C, Li C, Nan Z. Role of Epichloë Endophytes in Improving Host Grass Resistance Ability and Soil Properties. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:6944-6955. [PMID: 32551564 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c01396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The past decade has witnessed significant advances in understanding the interaction between grasses and systemic fungal endophytes of the genus Epichloë, with evidence that plants have evolved multiple strategies to cope with abiotic stresses by reprogramming physiological responses. Soil nutrients directly affect plant growth, while soil microbes are also closely connected to plant growth and health. Epichloë endophytes could affect soil fertility by modifying soil nutrient contents and soil microbial diversity. Therefore, we analyze recent advances in our understanding of the role of Epichloë endophytes under the various abiotic stresses and the role of grass-Epichloë symbiosis on soil fertility. Various cool-season grasses are infected by Epichloë species, which contribute to health, growth, persistence, and seed survival of host grasses by regulating key systems, including photosynthesis, osmotic regulation, and antioxidants and activity of key enzymes of host physiology processes under abiotic stresses. The Epichloë endophyte offers significant prospects to magnify the crop yield, plant resistance, and food safety in ecological systems by modulating soil physiochemical properties and soil microbes. The enhancing resistance of host grasses to abiotic stresses by an Epichloë endophyte is a complex manifestation of different physiological and biochemical events through regulating soil properties and soil microbes by the fungal endophyte. The Epichloë-mediated mechanisms underlying regulation of abiotic stress responses are involved in osmotic adjustment, antioxidant machinery, photosynthetic system, and activity of key enzymes critical in developing plant adaptation strategies to abiotic stress. Therefore, the Epichloë endophytes are an attractive choice in increasing resistance of plants to abiotic stresses and are also a good candidate for improving soil fertility and regulating microbial diversity to improve plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Center for Grassland Microbiome, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Gansu 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenpeng Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Center for Grassland Microbiome, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Gansu 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Michael J Christensen
- Grasslands Research Centre, AgResearch, Private Bag 11-008, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Xiuzhang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Center for Grassland Microbiome, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Gansu 730000, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai Academy of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai 810016, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Center for Grassland Microbiome, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Gansu 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Center for Grassland Microbiome, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Gansu 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhibiao Nan
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Center for Grassland Microbiome, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Gansu 730000, People's Republic of China
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16
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Estravis-Barcala M, Mattera MG, Soliani C, Bellora N, Opgenoorth L, Heer K, Arana MV. Molecular bases of responses to abiotic stress in trees. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:3765-3779. [PMID: 31768543 PMCID: PMC7316969 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Trees are constantly exposed to climate fluctuations, which vary with both time and geographic location. Environmental changes that are outside of the physiological favorable range usually negatively affect plant performance and trigger responses to abiotic stress. Long-living trees in particular have evolved a wide spectrum of molecular mechanisms to coordinate growth and development under stressful conditions, thus minimizing fitness costs. The ongoing development of techniques directed at quantifying abiotic stress has significantly increased our knowledge of physiological responses in woody plants. However, it is only within recent years that advances in next-generation sequencing and biochemical approaches have enabled us to begin to understand the complexity of the molecular systems that underlie these responses. Here, we review recent progress in our understanding of the molecular bases of drought and temperature stresses in trees, with a focus on functional, transcriptomic, epigenetic, and population genomic studies. In addition, we highlight topics that will contribute to progress in our understanding of the plastic and adaptive responses of woody plants to drought and temperature in a context of global climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximiliano Estravis-Barcala
- Instituto Andino Patagónico de Tecnologías Biológicas y Geoambientales, (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas- Universidad Nacional del Comahue), San Carlos de Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina
| | - María Gabriela Mattera
- Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche (Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), San Carlos de Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina
| | - Carolina Soliani
- Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche (Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), San Carlos de Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina
| | - Nicolás Bellora
- Instituto Andino Patagónico de Tecnologías Biológicas y Geoambientales, (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas- Universidad Nacional del Comahue), San Carlos de Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina
| | - Lars Opgenoorth
- Department of Ecology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, BirmensdorfSwitzerland
| | - Katrin Heer
- Department of Conservation Biology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg Germany
| | - María Verónica Arana
- Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche (Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), San Carlos de Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina
- Correspondence:
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17
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Fürtauer L, Weiszmann J, Weckwerth W, Nägele T. Dynamics of Plant Metabolism during Cold Acclimation. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E5411. [PMID: 31671650 PMCID: PMC6862541 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants have evolved strategies to tightly regulate metabolism during acclimation to a changing environment. Low temperature significantly constrains distribution, growth and yield of many temperate plant species. Exposing plants to low but non-freezing temperature induces a multigenic processes termed cold acclimation, which eventually results in an increased freezing tolerance. Cold acclimation comprises reprogramming of the transcriptome, proteome and metabolome and affects communication and signaling between subcellular organelles. Carbohydrates play a central role in this metabolic reprogramming. This review summarizes current knowledge about the role of carbohydrate metabolism in plant cold acclimation with a focus on subcellular metabolic reprogramming, its thermodynamic constraints under low temperature and mathematical modelling of metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Fürtauer
- Plant Evolutionary Cell Biology, Department Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Bavaria, Germany.
| | - Jakob Weiszmann
- Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria.
- Vienna Metabolomics Center, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria.
| | - Wolfram Weckwerth
- Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria.
- Vienna Metabolomics Center, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria.
| | - Thomas Nägele
- Plant Evolutionary Cell Biology, Department Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Bavaria, Germany.
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18
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Ding Y, Shi Y, Yang S. Advances and challenges in uncovering cold tolerance regulatory mechanisms in plants. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 222:1690-1704. [PMID: 30664232 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 380] [Impact Index Per Article: 76.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Contents Summary I. Introduction II. Cold stress and physiological responses in plants III. Sensing of cold signals in plants IV. Messenger molecules involved in cold signal transduction V. Cold signal transduction in plants VI. Conclusions and perspectives Acknowledgements References SUMMARY: Cold stress is a major environmental factor that seriously affects plant growth and development, and influences crop productivity. Plants have evolved a series of mechanisms that allow them to adapt to cold stress at both the physiological and molecular levels. Over the past two decades, much progress has been made in identifying crucial components involved in cold-stress tolerance and dissecting their regulatory mechanisms. In this review, we summarize recent major advances in our understanding of cold signalling and put forward open questions in the field of plant cold-stress responses. Answering these questions should help elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying plant tolerance to cold stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanglin Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yiting Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shuhua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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19
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Kenchanmane Raju SK, Barnes AC, Schnable JC, Roston RL. Low-temperature tolerance in land plants: Are transcript and membrane responses conserved? PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 276:73-86. [PMID: 30348330 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Plants' tolerance of low temperatures is an economically and ecologically important limitation on geographic distributions and growing seasons. Tolerance for low temperatures varies significantly across different plant species, and different mechanisms likely act in different species. In order to survive low-temperature stress, plant membranes must maintain their fluidity in increasingly cold and oxidative cellular environments. The responses of different species to low-temperature stress include changes to the types and desaturation levels of membrane lipids, though the precise lipids affected tend to vary by species. Regulation of membrane dynamics and other low-temperature tolerance factors are controlled by both transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms. Here, we review low-temperature induced changes in both membrane lipid composition and gene transcription across multiple related plant species with differing degrees of low-temperature tolerance. We attempt to define a core set of changes for transcripts and lipids across species and treatment variations. Some responses appear to be consistent across all species for which data are available, while many others appear likely to be species or family-specific. Potential rationales are presented, including variance in testing, reporting and the importance of considering the level of stress perceived by the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Kumar Kenchanmane Raju
- Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, 68588, USA; Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, 68588, USA
| | - Allison C Barnes
- Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, 68588, USA; Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, 68588, USA
| | - James C Schnable
- Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, 68588, USA; Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, 68588, USA
| | - Rebecca L Roston
- Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, 68588, USA; Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, 68588, USA.
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20
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Tshabuse F, Farrant JM, Humbert L, Moura D, Rainteau D, Espinasse C, Idrissi A, Merlier F, Acket S, Rafudeen MS, Thomasset B, Ruelland E. Glycerolipid analysis during desiccation and recovery of the resurrection plant Xerophyta humilis (Bak) Dur and Schinz. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2018; 41:533-547. [PMID: 28865108 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Xerophyta humilis is a poikilochlorophyllous monocot resurrection plant used as a model to study vegetative desiccation tolerance. Dehydration imposes tension and ultimate loss of integrity of membranes in desiccation sensitive species. We investigated the predominant molecular species of glycerolipids present in root and leaf tissues, using multiple reaction monitoring mass spectrometry, and then analysed changes therein during dehydration and subsequent rehydration of whole plants. The presence of fatty acids with long carbon chains and with odd numbers of carbons were detected and confirmed by gas chromatography. Dehydration of both leaves and roots resulted in an increase in species containing polyunsaturated fatty acids and a decrease in disaturated species. Upon rehydration, lipid saturation was reversed, with this being initiated immediately upon watering in roots but only 12-24 hr later in leaves. Relative levels of species with short-chained odd-numbered saturated fatty acids decreased during dehydration and increased during rehydration, whereas the reverse trend was observed for long-chained fatty acids. X. humilis has a unique lipid composition, this report being one of the few to demonstrate the presence of odd-numbered fatty acids in plant phosphoglycerolipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freedom Tshabuse
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa
| | - Jill M Farrant
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa
| | - Lydie Humbert
- Laboratoire des BioMolécules, CNRS UMR7203, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Faculté de Médecine-Saint Antoine, 184 rue du Faubourg Saint-Antoine, 75571, Paris Cedex 12, France
| | - Deborah Moura
- Université Paris-Est, UPEC, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences Environnementales de Paris, 94010, Créteil Cedex, France
| | - Dominique Rainteau
- Laboratoire des BioMolécules, CNRS UMR7203, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Faculté de Médecine-Saint Antoine, 184 rue du Faubourg Saint-Antoine, 75571, Paris Cedex 12, France
| | - Christophe Espinasse
- Université Paris-Est, UPEC, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences Environnementales de Paris, 94010, Créteil Cedex, France
| | - Abdelghani Idrissi
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Technologique de Compiegne (UTC), Génie Enzymatique et Cellulaire (GEC), FRE-CNRS 3580, CS 60319, 60203, Compiègne Cedex, France
| | - Franck Merlier
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Technologique de Compiegne (UTC), Génie Enzymatique et Cellulaire (GEC), FRE-CNRS 3580, CS 60319, 60203, Compiègne Cedex, France
| | - Sébastien Acket
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Technologique de Compiegne (UTC), Génie Enzymatique et Cellulaire (GEC), FRE-CNRS 3580, CS 60319, 60203, Compiègne Cedex, France
| | - Mohamad S Rafudeen
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa
| | - Brigitte Thomasset
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Technologique de Compiegne (UTC), Génie Enzymatique et Cellulaire (GEC), FRE-CNRS 3580, CS 60319, 60203, Compiègne Cedex, France
| | - Eric Ruelland
- Université Paris-Est, UPEC, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences Environnementales de Paris, 94010, Créteil Cedex, France
- CNRS, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences Environnementales de Paris, UMR7618, 94010, Créteil cedex, France
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21
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Pareek A, Khurana A, Sharma AK, Kumar R. An Overview of Signaling Regulons During Cold Stress Tolerance in Plants. Curr Genomics 2017; 18:498-511. [PMID: 29204079 PMCID: PMC5684653 DOI: 10.2174/1389202918666170228141345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants, being sessile organisms, constantly withstand environmental fluctuations, including low-temperature, also referred as cold stress. Whereas cold poses serious challenges at both physiological and developmental levels to plants growing in tropical or sub-tropical regions, plants from temperate climatic regions can withstand chilling or freezing temperatures. Several cold inducible genes have already been isolated and used in transgenic approach to generate cold tolerant plants. The conventional breeding methods and marker assisted selection have helped in developing plant with improved cold tolerance, however, the development of freezing tolerant plants through cold acclimation remains an unaccomplished task. Therefore, it is essential to have a clear understanding of how low temperature sensing strategies and corresponding signal transduction act during cold acclimation process. Herein, we synthesize the available information on the molecular mechanisms underlying cold sensing and signaling with an aim that the summarized literature will help develop efficient strategies to obtain cold tolerant plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Pareek
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi, South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi-110021, India
| | - Ashima Khurana
- Ashima Khurana, Botany Department, Zakir Husain Delhi College, University of Delhi, New Delhi-110002, India
| | - Arun K. Sharma
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi, South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi-110021, India
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Repository of Tomato Genomics Resources, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad500046, India
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22
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Wang L, Nick P. Cold sensing in grapevine-Which signals are upstream of the microtubular "thermometer". PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2017; 40:2844-2857. [PMID: 28898434 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Plants can acquire freezing tolerance in response to cold but non-freezing temperatures. To efficiently activate this cold acclimation, low temperature has to be sensed and processed swiftly, a process that is linked with a transient elimination of microtubules. Here, we address cold-induced microtubules elimination in a grapevine cell line stably expressing a green fluorescent protein fusion of Arabidopsis TuB6, which allows to follow their response in vivo and to quantify this response by quantitative image analysis. We use time-course studies with several specific pharmacological inhibitors and activators to dissect the signalling events acting upstream of microtubules elimination. We find that microtubules disappear within 30 min after the onset of cold stress. We provide evidence for roles of calcium influx, membrane rigidification, and activation of NAD(P)H oxidase as factors in signal susception and amplification. We further conclude that a G-protein in concert with a phospholipase D convey the signal towards microtubules, whereas calmodulin seems to be not involved. Moreover, activation of jasmonate pathway in response to cold is required for an efficient microtubule response. We summarize our findings in a working model on a complex signalling hub at the membrane-cytoskeleton interphase that assembles the susception, perception and early transduction of cold signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixin Wang
- Molecular Cell Biology, Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Peter Nick
- Molecular Cell Biology, Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
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Wang D, Wang Y, Long W, Niu M, Zhao Z, Teng X, Zhu X, Zhu J, Hao Y, Wang Y, Liu Y, Jiang L, Wang Y, Wan J. SGD1, a key enzyme in tocopherol biosynthesis, is essential for plant development and cold tolerance in rice. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 260:90-100. [PMID: 28554480 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2017.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Tocopherols, a group of Vitamin E compounds, are essential components of the human diet. In contrast to well documented roles in animals, the functions of tocopherols in plants are less understood. In this study, we characterized two allelic rice dwarf mutant lines designated sgd1-1 and sgd1-2 (small grain and dwarf1). Histological observations showed that the dwarf phenotypes were mainly due to cell elongation defects. A map-based cloning strategy and subsequent complementation test showed that SGD1 encodes homogentisate phytyltransferase (HPT), a key enzyme in tocopherol biosynthesis. Mutation of SGD1 resulted in tocopherol deficiency in both sgd1mutants. No oxidant damage was detected in the sgd1 mutants. Further analysis showed that sgd1-2 was hypersensitive to cold stress. Our results indicate that SGD1 is essential for plant development and cold tolerance in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Yunlong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Wuhua Long
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Mei Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Zhigang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Xuan Teng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Xiaopin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Jianping Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Yongfei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Yi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Ling Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Yihua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
| | - Jianmin Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China.
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Cacas JL, Gerbeau-Pissot P, Fromentin J, Cantrel C, Thomas D, Jeannette E, Kalachova T, Mongrand S, Simon-Plas F, Ruelland E. Diacylglycerol kinases activate tobacco NADPH oxidase-dependent oxidative burst in response to cryptogein. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2017; 40:585-598. [PMID: 27272019 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Cryptogein is a 10 kDa protein secreted by the oomycete Phytophthora cryptogea that activates defence mechanisms in tobacco plants. Among early signalling events triggered by this microbial-associated molecular pattern is a transient apoplastic oxidative burst which is dependent on the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase activity of the RESPIRATORY BURST OXIDASE HOMOLOG isoform D (RBOHD). Using radioactive [33 P]-orthophosphate labelling of tobacco Bright Yellow-2 suspension cells, we here provide in vivo evidence for a rapid accumulation of phosphatidic acid (PA) in response to cryptogein because of the coordinated onset of phosphoinositide-dependent phospholipase C and diacylglycerol kinase (DGK) activities. Both enzyme specific inhibitors and silencing of the phylogenetic cluster III of the tobacco DGK family were found to reduce PA production upon elicitation and to strongly decrease the RBOHD-mediated oxidative burst. Therefore, it appears that PA originating from DGK controls NADPH-oxidase activity. Amongst cluster III DGKs, the expression of DGK5-like was up-regulated in response to cryptogein. Besides DGK5-like is likely to be the main cluster III DGK isoform silenced in one of our mutant lines, making it a strong candidate for the observed response to cryptogein. The relevance of these results is discussed with regard to early signalling lipid-mediated events in plant immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Luc Cacas
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Patricia Gerbeau-Pissot
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Jérôme Fromentin
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Catherine Cantrel
- UPMC UnivParis06, UR5, Physiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire des Plantes, 4 place Jussieu, 75252, Paris cedex 05, France
| | - Dominique Thomas
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Emmanuelle Jeannette
- UPMC UnivParis06, UR5, Physiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire des Plantes, 4 place Jussieu, 75252, Paris cedex 05, France
| | - Tetiana Kalachova
- UPE, UPEC, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris, 61 avenue du général de Gaulle, 94010, Créteil, France
- CNRS, UMR7618, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris, 61 avenue du général de Gaulle, 94010, Créteil, France
| | - Sébastien Mongrand
- CNRS, UMR 5200 Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, INRA Bordeaux Aquitaine, BP81, F-33883, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Françoise Simon-Plas
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Eric Ruelland
- UPMC UnivParis06, UR5, Physiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire des Plantes, 4 place Jussieu, 75252, Paris cedex 05, France
- UPE, UPEC, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris, 61 avenue du général de Gaulle, 94010, Créteil, France
- CNRS, UMR7618, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris, 61 avenue du général de Gaulle, 94010, Créteil, France
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RNA-seq based transcriptomic analysis uncovers α-linolenic acid and jasmonic acid biosynthesis pathways respond to cold acclimation in Camellia japonica. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36463. [PMID: 27819341 PMCID: PMC5098223 DOI: 10.1038/srep36463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Camellia is a well-known ornamental flower native to Southeast of Asia, including regions such as Japan, Korea and South China. However, most species in the genus Camellia are cold sensitive. To elucidate the cold stress responses in camellia plants, we carried out deep transcriptome sequencing of 'Jiangxue', a cold-tolerant cultivar of Camellia japonica, and approximately 1,006 million clean reads were generated using Illumina sequencing technology. The assembly of the clean reads produced 367,620 transcripts, including 207,592 unigenes. Overall, 28,038 differentially expressed genes were identified during cold acclimation. Detailed elucidation of responses of transcription factors, protein kinases and plant hormone signalling-related genes described the interplay of signal that allowed the plant to fine-tune cold stress responses. On the basis of global gene regulation of unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis- and jasmonic acid biosynthesis-related genes, unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis and jasmonic acid biosynthesis pathways were deduced to be involved in the low temperature responses in C. japonica. These results were supported by the determination of the fatty acid composition and jasmonic acid content. Our results provide insights into the genetic and molecular basis of the responses to cold acclimation in camellia plants.
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Sandor R, Der C, Grosjean K, Anca I, Noirot E, Leborgne-Castel N, Lochman J, Simon-Plas F, Gerbeau-Pissot P. Plasma membrane order and fluidity are diversely triggered by elicitors of plant defence. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:5173-85. [PMID: 27604805 PMCID: PMC5014163 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Although plants are exposed to a great number of pathogens, they usually defend themselves by triggering mechanisms able to limit disease development. Alongside signalling events common to most such incompatible interactions, modifications of plasma membrane (PM) physical properties could be new players in the cell transduction cascade. Different pairs of elicitors (cryptogein, oligogalacturonides, and flagellin) and plant cells (tobacco and Arabidopsis) were used to address the issue of possible modifications of plant PM biophysical properties induced by elicitors and their links to other events of the defence signalling cascade. We observed an increase of PM order whatever the elicitor/plant cell pair used, provided that a signalling cascade was induced. Such membrane modification is dependent on the NADPH oxidase-mediated reactive oxygen species production. Moreover, cryptogein, which is the sole elicitor able to trap sterols, is also the only one able to trigger an increase in PM fluidity. The use of cryptogein variants with altered sterol-binding properties confirms the strong correlation between sterol removal from the PM and PM fluidity enhancement. These results propose PM dynamics as a player in early signalling processes triggered by elicitors of plant defence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Sandor
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Christophe Der
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Kevin Grosjean
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Iulia Anca
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Elodie Noirot
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Nathalie Leborgne-Castel
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Jan Lochman
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Françoise Simon-Plas
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Patricia Gerbeau-Pissot
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France
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Hou Q, Ufer G, Bartels D. Lipid signalling in plant responses to abiotic stress. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2016; 39:1029-48. [PMID: 26510494 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 320] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Revised: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Lipids are one of the major components of biological membranes including the plasma membrane, which is the interface between the cell and the environment. It has become clear that membrane lipids also serve as substrates for the generation of numerous signalling lipids such as phosphatidic acid, phosphoinositides, sphingolipids, lysophospholipids, oxylipins, N-acylethanolamines, free fatty acids and others. The enzymatic production and metabolism of these signalling molecules are tightly regulated and can rapidly be activated upon abiotic stress signals. Abiotic stress like water deficit and temperature stress triggers lipid-dependent signalling cascades, which control the expression of gene clusters and activate plant adaptation processes. Signalling lipids are able to recruit protein targets transiently to the membrane and thus affect conformation and activity of intracellular proteins and metabolites. In plants, knowledge is still scarce of lipid signalling targets and their physiological consequences. This review focuses on the generation of signalling lipids and their involvement in response to abiotic stress. We describe lipid-binding proteins in the context of changing environmental conditions and compare different approaches to determine lipid-protein interactions, crucial for deciphering the signalling cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quancan Hou
- University of Bonn IMBIO Bonn Germany, Kirschallee 1, Bonn, D-53115, Germany
| | - Guido Ufer
- University of Bonn IMBIO Bonn Germany, Kirschallee 1, Bonn, D-53115, Germany
| | - Dorothea Bartels
- University of Bonn IMBIO Bonn Germany, Kirschallee 1, Bonn, D-53115, Germany
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Wang X, Wu D, Yang Q, Zeng J, Jin G, Chen ZH, Zhang G, Dai F. Identification of Mild Freezing Shock Response Pathways in Barley Based on Transcriptome Profiling. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:106. [PMID: 26904070 PMCID: PMC4744895 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Low temperature is a major abiotic stress affecting crop growth and productivity. A better understanding of low temperature tolerance mechanisms is imperative for developing the crop cultivars with improved tolerance. We herein performed an Illumina RNA-sequencing experiment using two barley genotypes differing in freezing tolerance (Nure, tolerant and Tremois, sensitive), to determine the transcriptome profiling and genotypic difference under mild freezing shock treatment after a very short acclimation for gene induction. A total of 6474 differentially expressed genes, almost evenly distributed on the seven chromosomes, were identified. The key DEGs could be classified into six signaling pathways, i.e., Ca(2+) signaling, PtdOH signaling, CBFs pathway, ABA pathway, jasmonate pathway, and amylohydrolysis pathway. Expression values of DEGs in multiple signaling pathways were analyzed and a hypothetical model of mild freezing shock tolerance mechanism was proposed. Expression and sequence profile of HvCBFs cluster within Frost resistance-H2, a major quantitative trait locus on 5H being closely related to low temperature tolerance in barley, were further illustrated, considering the crucial role of HvCBFs on freezing tolerance. It may be concluded that multiple signaling pathways are activated in concert when barley is exposed to mild freezing shock. The pathway network we presented may provide a platform for further exploring the functions of genes involved in low temperature tolerance in barley.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Fei Dai
- Zhejiang Key Lab of Crop Germplasm, Department of Agronomy, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China
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An F, Li G, Li QX, Li K, Carvalho LJCB, Ou W, Chen S. The Comparatively Proteomic Analysis in Response to Cold Stress in Cassava Plantlets. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REPORTER 2016; 34:1095-1110. [PMID: 27881899 PMCID: PMC5099363 DOI: 10.1007/s11105-016-0987-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is a tropical root crop and sensitive to low temperature. However, it is poorly to know how cassava can modify its metabolism and growth to adapt to cold stress. An investigation aimed at a better understanding of cold-tolerant mechanism of cassava plantlets was carried out with the approaches of physiology and proteomics in the present study. The principal component analysis of seven physiological characteristics showed that electrolyte leakage (EL), chlorophyll content, and malondialdehyde (MDA) may be the most important physiological indexes for determining cold-resistant abilities of cassava. The genome-wide proteomic analysis showed that 20 differential proteins had the same patterns in the apical expanded leaves of cassava SC8 and Col1046. They were mainly related to photosynthesis, carbon metabolism and energy metabolism, defense, protein synthesis, amino acid metabolism, signal transduction, structure, detoxifying and antioxidant, chaperones, and DNA-binding proteins, in which 40 % were related with photosynthesis. The remarkable variation in photosynthetic activity and expression level of peroxiredoxin is closely linked with expression levels of proteomic profiles. Moreover, analysis of differentially expressed proteins under cold stress is an important step toward further elucidation of mechanisms of cold stress resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei An
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture for Germplasm Resources Conservation and Utilization of Cassava, Danzhou, 571737 China
| | - Genghu Li
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture for Germplasm Resources Conservation and Utilization of Cassava, Danzhou, 571737 China
| | - Qing X. Li
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Manoa, HI USA
| | - Kaimian Li
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture for Germplasm Resources Conservation and Utilization of Cassava, Danzhou, 571737 China
| | | | - Wenjun Ou
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture for Germplasm Resources Conservation and Utilization of Cassava, Danzhou, 571737 China
| | - Songbi Chen
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture for Germplasm Resources Conservation and Utilization of Cassava, Danzhou, 571737 China
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Peng X, Teng L, Yan X, Zhao M, Shen S. The cold responsive mechanism of the paper mulberry: decreased photosynthesis capacity and increased starch accumulation. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:898. [PMID: 26537770 PMCID: PMC4634900 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-2047-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Most studies on the paper mulberry are mainly focused on the medicated and pharmacology, fiber quality, leaves feed development, little is known about its mechanism of adaptability to abiotic stress. Physiological measurement, transcriptomics and proteomic analysis were employed to understand its response to cold stress in this study. Methods The second to fourth fully expanded leaves from up to down were harvested at different stress time points forthe transmission electron microscope (TEM) observation. Physiological characteristics measurement included the relative electrolyte leakage (REL), SOD activity assay, soluble sugar content, and Chlorophyll fluorescence parameter measurement. For screening of differentially expressed genes, the expression level of every transcript in each sample was calculated by quantifying the number of Illumina reads. To identify the differentially expressed protein, leaves of plants under 0, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h cold stress wereharvested for proteomic analysis. Finally, real time PCR was used to verify the DEG results of the RNA-seq and the proteomics data. Results Results showed that at the beginning of cold stress, respiratory metabolism was decreased and the transportation and hydrolysis of photosynthetic products was inhibited, leading to an accumulation of starch in the chloroplasts. Total of 5800 unigenes and 38 proteins were affected, including the repressed expression of photosynthesis and the enhanced expression in signal transduction, stress defense pathway as well as secondary metabolism. Although the transcriptional level of a large number of genes has been restored after 12 h, sustained cold stress brought more serious injury to the leaf cells, including the sharp rise of the relative electrolyte leakage, the declined Fv/Fm value, swelled chloroplast and the disintegrated membrane system. Conclusion The starch accumulation and the photoinhibition might be the main adaptive mechanism of the paper mulberry responded to cold stress. Most of important, enhancing the transport and hydrolysis of photosynthetic products could be the potential targets for improving the cold tolerance of the paper mulberry. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-015-2047-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianjun Peng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
| | - Linhong Teng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
| | - Xueqing Yan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
| | - Meiling Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
| | - Shihua Shen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
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Singh A, Bhatnagar N, Pandey A, Pandey GK. Plant phospholipase C family: Regulation and functional role in lipid signaling. Cell Calcium 2015; 58:139-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2015.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Revised: 04/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Ruelland E, Kravets V, Derevyanchuk M, Martinec J, Zachowski A, Pokotylo I. Role of phospholipid signalling in plant environmental responses. ENVIRONMENTAL AND EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 114:129-143. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2014.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
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Carmona-Salazar L, El Hafidi M, Gutiérrez-Nájera N, Noyola-Martínez L, González-Solís A, Gavilanes-Ruíz M. Fatty acid profiles from the plasma membrane and detergent resistant membranes of two plant species. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2015; 109:25-35. [PMID: 25457489 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2014.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2013] [Revised: 05/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
It is essential to establish the composition of the plant plasma membrane in order to understand its organization and behavior under continually changing environments. Knowledge of the lipid phase, in particular the fatty acid (FA) complex repertoire, is important since FAs determine many of the physical-chemical membrane properties. FAs are constituents of the membrane glycerolipid and sphingolipid backbones and can also be linked to some sterols. In addition, FAs are components of complex lipids that can constitute membrane micro-domains, and the use of detergent-resistant membranes is a common approach to study their composition. The diversity and cellular allocation of the membrane lipids containing FAs are very diverse and the approaches to analyze them provide only general information. In this work, a detailed FA analysis was performed using highly purified plasma membranes from bean leaves and germinating maize embryos and their respective detergent-resistant membrane preparations. The analyses showed the presence of a significant amount of very long chain FAs (containing 28C, 30C and 32C), in both plasma membrane preparations from bean and maize, that have not been previously reported. Herein is demonstrated that a significant enrichment of very long chain saturated FAs and saturated FAs can occur in detergent-resistant membrane preparations, as compared to the plasma membranes from both plant species. Considering that a thorough analysis of FAs is rarely performed in purified plasma membranes and detergent-resistant membranes, this work provides qualitative and quantitative evidence on the contributions of the length and saturation of FAs to the organization of the plant plasma membrane and detergent-resistant membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Carmona-Salazar
- Dpto. de Bioquímica, Edif. E, Facultad de Química, UNAM. Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510 Mexico, D.F., Mexico
| | - Mohammed El Hafidi
- Dpto. de Biomedicina Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano No. 1, Tlalpan, 14080 México, D.F., Mexico
| | - Nora Gutiérrez-Nájera
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Periférico Sur No. Col. Arenal Tepepan, Tlalpan, México, D.F., Mexico
| | - Liliana Noyola-Martínez
- Dpto. de Bioquímica, Edif. E, Facultad de Química, UNAM. Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510 Mexico, D.F., Mexico
| | - Ariadna González-Solís
- Dpto. de Bioquímica, Edif. E, Facultad de Química, UNAM. Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510 Mexico, D.F., Mexico
| | - Marina Gavilanes-Ruíz
- Dpto. de Bioquímica, Edif. E, Facultad de Química, UNAM. Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510 Mexico, D.F., Mexico.
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Shi Y, Ding Y, Yang S. Cold signal transduction and its interplay with phytohormones during cold acclimation. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 56:7-15. [PMID: 25189343 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcu115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Cold stress is a major environmental factor that affects plant growth, development, productivity and distribution. In higher plants, the known major cold signaling pathway is the C-repeat (CRT)-binding factor/dehydration-responsive element (DRE) binding factor (CBF/DREB)-mediated transcriptional regulatory cascade, which is essential for the induction of a set of cold responsive (COR) genes. Recent studies indicate that various plant hormones are also involved in responses to cold stress. This review summarizes recent progress in cold signaling and our understanding of phytohormone signaling in the regulation of plant responses to cold stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiting Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Yanglin Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Shuhua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Krčková Z, Brouzdová J, Daněk M, Kocourková D, Rainteau D, Ruelland E, Valentová O, Pejchar P, Martinec J. Arabidopsis non-specific phospholipase C1: characterization and its involvement in response to heat stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:928. [PMID: 26581502 PMCID: PMC4631941 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The Arabidopsis non-specific phospholipase C (NPC) protein family is encoded by the genes NPC1 - NPC6. It has been shown that NPC4 and NPC5 possess phospholipase C activity; NPC3 has lysophosphatidic acid phosphatase activity. NPC3, 4 and 5 play roles in the responses to hormones and abiotic stresses. NPC1, 2 and 6 has not been studied functionally yet. We found that Arabidopsis NPC1 expressed in Escherichia coli possesses phospholipase C activity in vitro. This protein was able to hydrolyse phosphatidylcholine to diacylglycerol. NPC1-green fluorescent protein was localized to secretory pathway compartments in Arabidopsis roots. In the knock out T-DNA insertion line NPC1 (npc1) basal thermotolerance was impaired compared with wild-type (WT); npc1 exhibited significant decreases in survival rate and chlorophyll content at the seventh day after heat stress (HS). Conversely, plants overexpressing NPC1 (NPC1-OE) were more resistant to HS compared with WT. These findings suggest that NPC1 is involved in the plant response to heat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Krčková
- Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of SciencesPrague, Czech Republic
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, PraguePrague, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Brouzdová
- Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of SciencesPrague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Daněk
- Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of SciencesPrague, Czech Republic
| | - Daniela Kocourková
- Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of SciencesPrague, Czech Republic
| | - Dominique Rainteau
- 1ERL Inserm U1157/UMR7203, Faculté de Medecine Pierre et Marie CurieParis, France
| | - Eric Ruelland
- CNRS, UMR7618, Institut d’Ecologie et des Sciences de l’Environnement de ParisCréteil, France
- Université Paris Est, Institut d’Ecologie et des Sciences de l’Environnement de Paris, UPECCréteil, France
| | - Olga Valentová
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, PraguePrague, Czech Republic
| | - Přemysl Pejchar
- Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of SciencesPrague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Martinec
- Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of SciencesPrague, Czech Republic
- *Correspondence: Jan Martinec,
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Janská A, Aprile A, Cattivelli L, Zámečník J, de Bellis L, Ovesná J. The up-regulation of elongation factors in the barley leaf and the down-regulation of nucleosome assembly genes in the crown are both associated with the expression of frost tolerance. Funct Integr Genomics 2014; 14:493-506. [PMID: 24838952 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-014-0377-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2013] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
We report a series of microarray-based leaf and crown transcriptome comparisons involving three barley cultivars (cvs. Luxor, Igri and Atlas 68) which express differing degrees of frost tolerance. The transcripts were obtained following the exposure of seedlings to low (above and below zero) temperatures, aiming to identify those genes and signalling/metabolic pathways which are associated with frost tolerance. Both the leaves and the crowns responded to low temperature by the up-regulation of a suite of abscisic acid (ABA)-responsive genes, most of which have already been recognized as components of the plant low temperature response. The inter-cultivar comparison indicated that genes involved in maintaining the leaf's capacity to synthesize protein and to retain chloroplast activity were important for the expression of frost tolerance. In the crown, the repression of genes associated with nucleosome assembly and transposon regulation were the most relevant transcriptional changes associated with frost tolerance, highlighting the role of gene repression in the cold acclimation response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Janská
- Department of Molecular Biology, Crop Research Institute, v.v.i., Drnovská 507, 161 06, Prague 6, Czech Republic,
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Ruelland E, Pokotylo I, Djafi N, Cantrel C, Repellin A, Zachowski A. Salicylic acid modulates levels of phosphoinositide dependent-phospholipase C substrates and products to remodel the Arabidopsis suspension cell transcriptome. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:608. [PMID: 25426125 PMCID: PMC4227474 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/19/2014] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Basal phosphoinositide-dependent phospholipase C (PI-PLC) activity controls gene expression in Arabidopsis suspension cells and seedlings. PI-PLC catalyzes the production of phosphorylated inositol and diacylglycerol (DAG) from phosphoinositides. It is not known how PI-PLC regulates the transcriptome although the action of DAG-kinase (DGK) on DAG immediately downstream from PI-PLC is responsible for some of the regulation. We previously established a list of genes whose expression is affected in the presence of PI-PLC inhibitors. Here this list of genes was used as a signature in similarity searches of curated plant hormone response transcriptome data. The strongest correlations obtained with the inhibited PI-PLC signature were with salicylic acid (SA) treatments. We confirm here that in Arabidopsis suspension cells SA treatment leads to an increase in phosphoinositides, then demonstrate that SA leads to a significant 20% decrease in phosphatidic acid, indicative of a decrease in PI-PLC products. Previous sets of microarray data were re-assessed. The SA response of one set of genes was dependent on phosphoinositides. Alterations in the levels of a second set of genes, mostly SA-repressed genes, could be related to decreases in PI-PLC products that occur in response to SA action. Together, the two groups of genes comprise at least 40% of all SA-responsive genes. Overall these two groups of genes are distinct in the functional categories of the proteins they encode, their promoter cis-elements and their regulation by DGK or phospholipase D. SA-regulated genes dependent on phosphoinositides are typical SA response genes while those with an SA response that is possibly dependent on PI-PLC products are less SA-specific. We propose a model in which SA inhibits PI-PLC activity and alters levels of PI-PLC products and substrates, thereby regulating gene expression divergently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Ruelland
- Université Paris-Est Créteil, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de ParisCréteil, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7618, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de ParisCréteil, France
- *Correspondence: Eric Ruelland, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7618, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Faculté des Sciences, 61 Avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94010 Créteil, France e-mail:
| | - Igor Pokotylo
- Molecular Mechanisms of Plant Cell Regulation, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, National Academy of SciencesKyiv, Ukraine
| | - Nabila Djafi
- Université Paris-Est Créteil, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de ParisCréteil, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7618, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de ParisCréteil, France
| | - Catherine Cantrel
- Université Paris-Est Créteil, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de ParisCréteil, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7618, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de ParisCréteil, France
| | - Anne Repellin
- Université Paris-Est Créteil, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de ParisCréteil, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7618, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de ParisCréteil, France
| | - Alain Zachowski
- Université Paris-Est Créteil, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de ParisCréteil, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7618, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de ParisCréteil, France
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de Almeida RFM, Joly E. Crystallization around solid-like nanosized docks can explain the specificity, diversity, and stability of membrane microdomains. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:72. [PMID: 24634670 PMCID: PMC3943355 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
To date, it is widely accepted that microdomains do form in the biological membranes of all eukaryotic cells, and quite possibly also in prokaryotes. Those sub-micrometric domains play crucial roles in signaling, in intracellular transport, and even in inter-cellular communications. Despite their ubiquitous distribution, and the broad and lasting interest invested in those microdomains, their actual nature and composition, and even the physical rules that regiment their assembly still remain elusive and hotly debated. One of the most often considered models is the raft hypothesis, i.e., the partition of lipids between liquid disordered and ordered phases (Ld and Lo, respectively), the latter being enriched in sphingolipids and cholesterol. Although it is experimentally possible to obtain the formation of microdomains in synthetic membranes through Ld/Lo phase separation, there is an ever increasing amount of evidence, obtained with a wide array of experimental approaches, that a partition between domains in Ld and Lo phases cannot account for many of the observations collected in real cells. In particular, it is now commonly perceived that the plasma membrane of cells is mostly in Lo phase and recent data support the existence of gel or solid ordered domains in a whole variety of live cells under physiological conditions. Here, we present a model whereby seeds comprised of oligomerised proteins and/or lipids would serve as crystal nucleation centers for the formation of diverse gel/crystalline nanodomains. This could confer the selectivity necessary for the formation of multiple types of membrane domains, as well as the stability required to match the time frames of cellular events, such as intra- or inter-cellular transport or assembly of signaling platforms. Testing of this model will, however, require the development of new methods allowing the clear-cut discrimination between Lo and solid nanoscopic phases in live cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo F. M. de Almeida
- Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de LisboaLisboa, Portugal
- *Correspondence: Rodrigo F. M. de Almeida, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Ed. C8, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal e-mail: ; Etienne Joly, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 205 Route de Narbonne, BP 64182, F-31077 Toulouse, France e-mail:
| | - Etienne Joly
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueToulouse, France
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse III (Paul Sabatier)Toulouse, France
- *Correspondence: Rodrigo F. M. de Almeida, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Ed. C8, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal e-mail: ; Etienne Joly, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 205 Route de Narbonne, BP 64182, F-31077 Toulouse, France e-mail:
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Gerbeau-Pissot P, Der C, Thomas D, Anca IA, Grosjean K, Roche Y, Perrier-Cornet JM, Mongrand S, Simon-Plas F. Modification of plasma membrane organization in tobacco cells elicited by cryptogein. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 164:273-86. [PMID: 24235133 PMCID: PMC3875808 DOI: 10.1104/pp.113.225755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Lipid mixtures within artificial membranes undergo a separation into liquid-disordered and liquid-ordered phases. However, the existence of this segregation into microscopic liquid-ordered phases has been difficult to prove in living cells, and the precise organization of the plasma membrane into such phases has not been elucidated in plant cells. We developed a multispectral confocal microscopy approach to generate ratiometric images of the plasma membrane surface of Bright Yellow 2 tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) suspension cells labeled with an environment sensitive fluorescent probe. This allowed the in vivo characterization of the global level of order of this membrane, by which we could demonstrate that an increase in its proportion of ordered phases transiently occurred in the early steps of the signaling triggered by cryptogein and flagellin, two elicitors of plant defense reactions. The use of fluorescence recovery after photobleaching revealed an increase in plasma membrane fluidity induced by cryptogein, but not by flagellin. Moreover, we characterized the spatial distribution of liquid-ordered phases on the membrane of living plant cells and monitored their variations induced by cryptogein elicitation. We analyze these results in the context of plant defense signaling, discuss their meaning within the framework of the "membrane raft" hypothesis, and propose a new mechanism of signaling platform formation in response to elicitor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christophe Der
- Université de Bourgogne (P.G.-P., C.D., D.T., K.G.), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (I.-A.A., Y.R., F.S.-P.), Unité Mixte de Recherche 1347 Agroécologie, Equipe de Recherche Labelisée 6300 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, BP 86510, F–21000 Dijon, France
- AgroSup Dijon, Laboratoire Procédés Alimentaires et Microbiologiques, F–21000 Dijon, France (J.-M.P.-C.); and
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5200, Université Victor Segalen, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Bordeaux Aquitaine, BP 81, F–33883 Villenave d’Ornon, France (S.M.)
| | - Dominique Thomas
- Université de Bourgogne (P.G.-P., C.D., D.T., K.G.), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (I.-A.A., Y.R., F.S.-P.), Unité Mixte de Recherche 1347 Agroécologie, Equipe de Recherche Labelisée 6300 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, BP 86510, F–21000 Dijon, France
- AgroSup Dijon, Laboratoire Procédés Alimentaires et Microbiologiques, F–21000 Dijon, France (J.-M.P.-C.); and
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5200, Université Victor Segalen, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Bordeaux Aquitaine, BP 81, F–33883 Villenave d’Ornon, France (S.M.)
| | - Iulia-Andra Anca
- Université de Bourgogne (P.G.-P., C.D., D.T., K.G.), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (I.-A.A., Y.R., F.S.-P.), Unité Mixte de Recherche 1347 Agroécologie, Equipe de Recherche Labelisée 6300 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, BP 86510, F–21000 Dijon, France
- AgroSup Dijon, Laboratoire Procédés Alimentaires et Microbiologiques, F–21000 Dijon, France (J.-M.P.-C.); and
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5200, Université Victor Segalen, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Bordeaux Aquitaine, BP 81, F–33883 Villenave d’Ornon, France (S.M.)
| | - Kevin Grosjean
- Université de Bourgogne (P.G.-P., C.D., D.T., K.G.), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (I.-A.A., Y.R., F.S.-P.), Unité Mixte de Recherche 1347 Agroécologie, Equipe de Recherche Labelisée 6300 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, BP 86510, F–21000 Dijon, France
- AgroSup Dijon, Laboratoire Procédés Alimentaires et Microbiologiques, F–21000 Dijon, France (J.-M.P.-C.); and
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5200, Université Victor Segalen, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Bordeaux Aquitaine, BP 81, F–33883 Villenave d’Ornon, France (S.M.)
| | - Yann Roche
- Université de Bourgogne (P.G.-P., C.D., D.T., K.G.), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (I.-A.A., Y.R., F.S.-P.), Unité Mixte de Recherche 1347 Agroécologie, Equipe de Recherche Labelisée 6300 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, BP 86510, F–21000 Dijon, France
- AgroSup Dijon, Laboratoire Procédés Alimentaires et Microbiologiques, F–21000 Dijon, France (J.-M.P.-C.); and
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5200, Université Victor Segalen, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Bordeaux Aquitaine, BP 81, F–33883 Villenave d’Ornon, France (S.M.)
| | - Jean-Marie Perrier-Cornet
- Université de Bourgogne (P.G.-P., C.D., D.T., K.G.), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (I.-A.A., Y.R., F.S.-P.), Unité Mixte de Recherche 1347 Agroécologie, Equipe de Recherche Labelisée 6300 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, BP 86510, F–21000 Dijon, France
- AgroSup Dijon, Laboratoire Procédés Alimentaires et Microbiologiques, F–21000 Dijon, France (J.-M.P.-C.); and
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5200, Université Victor Segalen, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Bordeaux Aquitaine, BP 81, F–33883 Villenave d’Ornon, France (S.M.)
| | - Sébastien Mongrand
- Université de Bourgogne (P.G.-P., C.D., D.T., K.G.), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (I.-A.A., Y.R., F.S.-P.), Unité Mixte de Recherche 1347 Agroécologie, Equipe de Recherche Labelisée 6300 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, BP 86510, F–21000 Dijon, France
- AgroSup Dijon, Laboratoire Procédés Alimentaires et Microbiologiques, F–21000 Dijon, France (J.-M.P.-C.); and
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5200, Université Victor Segalen, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Bordeaux Aquitaine, BP 81, F–33883 Villenave d’Ornon, France (S.M.)
| | - Françoise Simon-Plas
- Université de Bourgogne (P.G.-P., C.D., D.T., K.G.), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (I.-A.A., Y.R., F.S.-P.), Unité Mixte de Recherche 1347 Agroécologie, Equipe de Recherche Labelisée 6300 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, BP 86510, F–21000 Dijon, France
- AgroSup Dijon, Laboratoire Procédés Alimentaires et Microbiologiques, F–21000 Dijon, France (J.-M.P.-C.); and
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5200, Université Victor Segalen, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Bordeaux Aquitaine, BP 81, F–33883 Villenave d’Ornon, France (S.M.)
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Los DA, Mironov KS, Allakhverdiev SI. Regulatory role of membrane fluidity in gene expression and physiological functions. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2013; 116:489-509. [PMID: 23605242 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-013-9823-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/05/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plants, algae, and photosynthetic bacteria experience frequent changes in environment. The ability to survive depends on their capacity to acclimate to such changes. In particular, fluctuations in temperature affect the fluidity of cytoplasmic and thylakoid membranes. The molecular mechanisms responsible for the perception of changes in membrane fluidity have not been fully characterized. However, the understanding of the functions of the individual genes for fatty acid desaturases in cyanobacteria and plants led to the directed mutagenesis of such genes that altered the membrane fluidity of cytoplasmic and thylakoid membranes. Characterization of the photosynthetic properties of the transformed cyanobacteria and higher plants revealed that lipid unsaturation is essential for protection of the photosynthetic machinery against environmental stresses, such as strong light, salt stress, and high and low temperatures. The unsaturation of fatty acids enhances the repair of the damaged photosystem II complex under stress conditions. In this review, we summarize the knowledge on the mechanisms that regulate membrane fluidity, on putative sensors that perceive changes in membrane fluidity, on genes that are involved in acclimation to new sets of environmental conditions, and on the influence of membrane properties on photosynthetic functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry A Los
- Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya Street 35, 127276, Moscow, Russia,
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Valledor L, Furuhashi T, Hanak AM, Weckwerth W. Systemic cold stress adaptation of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Mol Cell Proteomics 2013; 12:2032-47. [PMID: 23564937 PMCID: PMC3734567 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m112.026765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Revised: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is one of the most important model organisms nowadays phylogenetically situated between higher plants and animals (Merchant et al. 2007). Stress adaptation of this unicellular model algae is in the focus because of its relevance to biomass and biofuel production. Here, we have studied cold stress adaptation of C. reinhardtii hitherto not described for this algae whereas intensively studied in higher plants. Toward this goal, high throughput mass spectrometry was employed to integrate proteome, metabolome, physiological and cell-morphological changes during a time-course from 0 to 120 h. These data were complemented with RT-qPCR for target genes involved in central metabolism, signaling, and lipid biosynthesis. Using this approach dynamics in central metabolism were linked to cold-stress dependent sugar and autophagy pathways as well as novel genes in C. reinhardtii such as CKIN1, CKIN2 and a hitherto functionally not annotated protein named CKIN3. Cold stress affected extensively the physiology and the organization of the cell. Gluconeogenesis and starch biosynthesis pathways are activated leading to a pronounced starch and sugar accumulation. Quantitative lipid profiles indicate a sharp decrease in the lipophilic fraction and an increase in polyunsaturated fatty acids suggesting this as a mechanism of maintaining membrane fluidity. The proteome is completely remodeled during cold stress: specific candidates of the ribosome and the spliceosome indicate altered biosynthesis and degradation of proteins important for adaptation to low temperatures. Specific proteasome degradation may be mediated by the observed cold-specific changes in the ubiquitinylation system. Sparse partial least squares regression analysis was applied for protein correlation network analysis using proteins as predictors and Fv/Fm, FW, total lipids, and starch as responses. We applied also Granger causality analysis and revealed correlations between proteins and metabolites otherwise not detectable. Twenty percent of the proteins responsive to cold are uncharacterized proteins. This presents a considerable resource for new discoveries in cold stress biology in alga and plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Valledor
- ‡From the Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Austria, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Takeshi Furuhashi
- ‡From the Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Austria, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anne-Mette Hanak
- ‡From the Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Austria, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfram Weckwerth
- ‡From the Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Austria, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
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Pokotylo I, Kolesnikov Y, Kravets V, Zachowski A, Ruelland E. Plant phosphoinositide-dependent phospholipases C: variations around a canonical theme. Biochimie 2013; 96:144-57. [PMID: 23856562 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2013.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC) cleaves, in a Ca(2+)-dependent manner, phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PI-4,5-P2) into diacylglycerol (DAG) and inositol triphosphate (IP3). PI-PLCs are multidomain proteins that are structurally related to the PI-PLCζs, the simplest animal PI-PLCs. Like these animal counterparts, they are only composed of EF-hand, X/Y and C2 domains. However, plant PI-PLCs do not have a conventional EF-hand domain since they are often truncated, while some PI-PLCs have no EF-hand domain at all. Despite this simple structure, plant PI-PLCs are involved in many essential plant processes, either associated with development or in response to environmental stresses. The action of PI-PLCs relies on the mediators they produce. In plants, IP3 does not seem to be the sole active soluble molecule. Inositol pentakisphosphate (IP5) and inositol hexakisphosphate (IP6) also transmit signals, thus highlighting the importance of coupling PI-PLC action with inositol-phosphate kinases and phosphatases. PI-PLCs also produce a lipid molecule, but plant PI-PLC pathways show a peculiarity in that the active lipid does not appear to be DAG but its phosphorylated form, phosphatidic acid (PA). Besides, PI-PLCs can also act by altering their substrate levels. Taken together, plant PI-PLCs show functional differences when compared to their animal counterparts. However, they act on similar general signalling pathways including calcium homeostasis and cell phosphoproteome. Several important questions remain unanswered. The cross-talk between the soluble and lipid mediators generated by plant PI-PLCs is not understood and how the coupling between PI-PLCs and inositol-kinases or DAG-kinases is carried out remains to be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Pokotylo
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, NAS of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine.
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Guillas I, Guellim A, Rezé N, Baudouin E. Long chain base changes triggered by a short exposure of Arabidopsis to low temperature are altered by AHb1 non-symbiotic haemoglobin overexpression. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2013; 63:191-5. [PMID: 23266364 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2012.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2012] [Accepted: 11/22/2012] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Long chain bases (LCB) are both precursors of complex sphingolipids (SL) and cellular signals in eukaryotic cells. Increasing evidence support a function for SL and/or LCBs in plant responses to environmental cues. In this study we analysed the impact of a short exposure to cold on the global LCB content and composition in Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings. We report that the total LCB amount significantly decreased after low temperature exposure. The decline was essentially due to reduction of t18:1 isomer content. On the other hand, chilling led to the increase of LCB content in a mutant over-expressing the non-symbiotic haemoglobin AHb1. Furthermore, this mutant was impaired in cold-dependent root growth inhibition and anthocyanin synthesis. As AHb1 is an element of nitric oxide turnover, our data suggest a possible link between nitric oxide, SL content and cold stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Guillas
- UPMC Univ Paris 06, UR 5, Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire des Plantes, F-75005 Paris, France
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Collin S, Cochet F. Phosphatidylinositol synthase activity from plant membrane fractions and from E. coli-expressed recombinant peptides. Methods Mol Biol 2013; 1009:145-161. [PMID: 23681531 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-401-2_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) synthase is a lipid-synthesizing enzyme responsible for the synthesis of the phospholipid, PtdIns. Its enzymatic properties have been studied in in vitro assays using either membrane-enriched fractions or the purified protein in reconstituted lipid vesicles as a source of enzyme. More recently the specificities in terms of substrate preferences have also been studied using the recombinant protein expressed in Escherichia coli. This chapter deals with the purification of membranes as a source of PtdIns synthase before focusing on the in vitro assays of the enzymatic activities of the protein and, briefly, on the analysis of the product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Collin
- Physiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire des Plantes, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, EAC 7180 CNRS, Paris, France
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Pokotylo I, Pejchar P, Potocký M, Kocourková D, Krčková Z, Ruelland E, Kravets V, Martinec J. The plant non-specific phospholipase C gene family. Novel competitors in lipid signalling. Prog Lipid Res 2012; 52:62-79. [PMID: 23089468 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2012.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2012] [Revised: 09/25/2012] [Accepted: 09/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Non-specific phospholipases C (NPCs) were discovered as a novel type of plant phospholipid-cleaving enzyme homologous to bacterial phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipases C and responsible for lipid conversion during phosphate-limiting conditions. The six-gene family was established in Arabidopsis, and growing evidence suggests the involvement of two articles NPCs in biotic and abiotic stress responses as well as phytohormone actions. In addition, the diacylglycerol produced via NPCs is postulated to participate in membrane remodelling, general lipid metabolism and cross-talk with other phospholipid signalling systems in plants. This review summarises information concerning this new plant protein family and focusses on its sequence analysis, biochemical properties, cellular and tissue distribution and physiological functions. Possible modes of action are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Pokotylo
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
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Rainteau D, Humbert L, Delage E, Vergnolle C, Cantrel C, Maubert MA, Lanfranchi S, Maldiney R, Collin S, Wolf C, Zachowski A, Ruelland E. Acyl chains of phospholipase D transphosphatidylation products in Arabidopsis cells: a study using multiple reaction monitoring mass spectrometry. PLoS One 2012; 7:e41985. [PMID: 22848682 PMCID: PMC3405027 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2012] [Accepted: 06/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Phospholipases D (PLD) are major components of signalling pathways in plant responses to some stresses and hormones. The product of PLD activity is phosphatidic acid (PA). PAs with different acyl chains do not have the same protein targets, so to understand the signalling role of PLD it is essential to analyze the composition of its PA products in the presence and absence of an elicitor. Methodology/Principal findings Potential PLD substrates and products were studied in Arabidopsis thaliana suspension cells treated with or without the hormone salicylic acid (SA). As PA can be produced by enzymes other than PLD, we analyzed phosphatidylbutanol (PBut), which is specifically produced by PLD in the presence of n-butanol. The acyl chain compositions of PBut and the major glycerophospholipids were determined by multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mass spectrometry. PBut profiles of untreated cells or cells treated with SA show an over-representation of 160/18∶2- and 16∶0/18∶3-species compared to those of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine either from bulk lipid extracts or from purified membrane fractions. When microsomal PLDs were used in in vitro assays, the resulting PBut profile matched exactly that of the substrate provided. Therefore there is a mismatch between the acyl chain compositions of putative substrates and the in vivo products of PLDs that is unlikely to reflect any selectivity of PLDs for the acyl chains of substrates. Conclusions MRM mass spectrometry is a reliable technique to analyze PLD products. Our results suggest that PLD action in response to SA is not due to the production of a stress-specific molecular species, but that the level of PLD products per se is important. The over-representation of 160/18∶2- and 16∶0/18∶3-species in PLD products when compared to putative substrates might be related to a regulatory role of the heterogeneous distribution of glycerophospholipids in membrane sub-domains.
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Cacas JL, Furt F, Le Guédard M, Schmitter JM, Buré C, Gerbeau-Pissot P, Moreau P, Bessoule JJ, Simon-Plas F, Mongrand S. Lipids of plant membrane rafts. Prog Lipid Res 2012; 51:272-99. [PMID: 22554527 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2012.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Lipids tend to organize in mono or bilayer phases in a hydrophilic environment. While they have long been thought to be incapable of coherent lateral segregation, it is now clear that spontaneous assembly of these compounds can confer microdomain organization beyond spontaneous fluidity. Membrane raft microdomains have the ability to influence spatiotemporal organization of protein complexes, thereby allowing regulation of cellular processes. In this review, we aim at summarizing briefly: (i) the history of raft discovery in animals and plants, (ii) the main findings about structural and signalling plant lipids involved in raft segregation, (iii) imaging of plant membrane domains, and their biochemical purification through detergent-insoluble membranes, as well as the existing debate on the topic. We also discuss the potential involvement of rafts in the regulation of plant physiological processes, and further discuss the prospects of future research into plant membrane rafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Luc Cacas
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, UMR 5200 CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, 146 Rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France
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Delage E, Ruelland E, Guillas I, Zachowski A, Puyaubert J. Arabidopsis type-III phosphatidylinositol 4-kinases β1 and β2 are upstream of the phospholipase C pathway triggered by cold exposure. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 53:565-76. [PMID: 22318862 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcs011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate (PtdIns4P) is the most abundant phosphoinositide in plants and the precursor of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate [PtdIns(4,5)P(2)]. This lipid is the substrate of phosphoinositide-dependent phospholipase C (PI-PLC) that produces diacylglycerol (DAG) which can be phosphorylated to phosphatidic acid (PtdOH). In plants, it has been suggested that PtdIns4P may also be a direct substrate of PI-PLC. Whether PtdIns4P is the precursor of PtdIns(4,5)P(2) or a substrate of PI-PLC, its production by phosphatidylinositol-4-kinases (PI4Ks) is the first step in generating the phosphoinositides hydrolyzed by PI-PLC. PI4Ks can be divided into type-II and type-III. In plants, the identity of the PI4K upstream of PI-PLC is unknown. In Arabidopsis, cold triggers PI-PLC activation, resulting in PtdOH production which is paralleled by decreases in PtdIns4P and PtdIns(4,5)P(2). In suspension cells, both the PtdIns4P decrease and the PtdOH increase in response to cold were impaired by 30 μM wortmannin, a type-III PI4K inhibitor. Type-III PI4Ks include AtPI4KIIIα1, β1 and β2 isoforms. In this work we show that PtdOH resulting from the PI-PLC pathway is significantly lowered in a pi4kIIIβ1β2 double mutant exposed to cold stress. Such a decrease was not detected in single pi4kIIIβ1 and pi4kIIIβ2 mutants, indicating that AtPI4KIIIβ1 and AtPI4KIIIβ2 can both act upstream of the PI-PLC. Although several short-term to long-term responses to cold were unchanged in pi4kIIIβ1β2, cold induction of several genes was impaired in the double mutant and its germination was hypersensitive to chilling. We also provide evidence that de novo synthesis of PtdIns4P by PI4Ks occurs in parallel to PI-PLC activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Delage
- CNRS, EAC7180, Physiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire des Plantes, Paris and UPMC Univ Paris 06, UR5, Physiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire des Plantes, Paris, France
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Martinière A, Shvedunova M, Thomson AJW, Evans NH, Penfield S, Runions J, McWatters HG. Homeostasis of plasma membrane viscosity in fluctuating temperatures. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2011; 192:328-37. [PMID: 21762166 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03821.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Temperature has a direct effect at the cellular level on an organism. For instance, in the case of biomembranes, cooling causes lipids to lose entropy and pack closely together. Reducing temperature should, in the absence of other factors, increase the viscosity of a lipid membrane. We have investigated the effect of temperature variation on plasma membrane (PM) viscosity. We used dispersion tracking of photoactivated green fluorescent protein (GFP) and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching in wild-type and desaturase mutant Arabidopsis thaliana plants along with membrane lipid saturation analysis to monitor the effect of temperature and membrane lipid composition on PM viscosity. Plasma membrane viscosity in A. thaliana is negatively correlated with ambient temperature only under constant-temperature conditions. In the more natural environment of temperature cycles, plants actively manage PM viscosity to counteract the direct effects of temperature. Plasma membrane viscosity is regulated by altering the proportion of desaturated fatty acids. In cold conditions, cell membranes accumulate desaturated fatty acids, which decreases membrane viscosity and vice versa. Moreover, we show that control of fatty acid desaturase 2 (FAD2)-dependent lipid desaturation is essential for this homeostasis of membrane viscosity. Finally, a lack of FAD2 function results in aberrant temperature responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Martinière
- School of Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Headington, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK
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