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Xie Y, Sun P, Huang H, Wu J, Ba Y, Zhou G, Yu F, Zhang D, Zhang Y, Qie R, Hu Z, Zou K, Zhang Y. Network analysis of smoking-related sleep characteristics in Chinese adults. Ann Med 2024; 56:2332424. [PMID: 38527416 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2024.2332424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The associations between multiple sleep characteristics and smoking behavior are inconsistent, and it is unclear which sleep characteristics are most crucial for tobacco prevention. This study aimed to explore the associations between smoking status/intensity and multiple sleep characteristics and to identify the potential core domain of smoking-related sleep using network analysis. Data were obtained from a survey of cancer-related risk factors among Chinese adults. Logistic regression models were used to quantify the associations between sleep characteristics and smoking status/intensity. Network analyses were employed to identify the core sleep characteristics. A total of 5,228 participants with a median age of 44 years old were included in the study. Current smoking was significantly positively associated with long nap time, difficulty falling asleep, late bedtime, getting up after 7 am, and waking up earlier than expected. There was significant positive association between current smoking and short sleep duration in young adults under 45 years old. Late bedtime and getting up after 7 am were only associated with current heavy smoking, but not current light smoking. Network analyses showed that multiple smoking-related sleep characteristics were interconnected, with difficulty falling asleep and late bedtime as central characteristics in the network. The study found that the associations between sleep characteristics and smoking varied by age and smoking intensity and highlights the potential benefits of sleep health promotion in smoking cessation, with a particular focus on difficulty falling asleep and late bedtime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Xie
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Peiyuan Sun
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Huang Huang
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jianjun Wu
- School of Public Health, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yue Ba
- Department of Environmental Health & Environment and Health Innovation Team, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Guoyu Zhou
- Department of Environmental Health & Environment and Health Innovation Team, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Fangfang Yu
- Department of Environmental Health & Environment and Health Innovation Team, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Daming Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yaqun Zhang
- Department of Ecology and Environment of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Ranran Qie
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuolun Hu
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Kaiyong Zou
- Office for Cancer Screening, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yawei Zhang
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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2
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Pesonen AK, Koskinen MK, Vuorenhela N, Halonen R, Mäkituuri S, Selin M, Luokkala S, Suutari A, Hovatta I. The effect of REM-sleep disruption on affective processing: A systematic review of human and animal experimental studies. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 162:105714. [PMID: 38729279 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Evidence on the importance of rapid-eye-movement sleep (REMS) in processing emotions is accumulating. The focus of this systematic review is the outcomes of experimental REMS deprivation (REMSD), which is the most common method in animal models and human studies on REMSD. This review revealed that variations in the applied REMSD methods were substantial. Animal models used longer deprivation protocols compared with studies in humans, which mostly reported acute deprivation effects after one night. Studies on animal models showed that REMSD causes aggressive behavior, increased pain sensitivity, reduced sexual behavior, and compromised consolidation of fear memories. Animal models also revealed that REMSD during critical developmental periods elicits lasting consequences on affective-related behavior. The few human studies revealed increases in pain sensitivity and suggest stronger consolidation of emotional memories after REMSD. As pharmacological interventions (such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors [SSRIs]) may suppress REMS for long periods, there is a clear gap in knowledge regarding the effects and mechanisms of chronic REMS suppression in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu-Katriina Pesonen
- SleepWell Research Program and Department of Psychology and Logopedics Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 3, 00014, Finland.
| | - Maija-Kreetta Koskinen
- SleepWell Research Program and Department of Psychology and Logopedics Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 3, 00014, Finland
| | - Neea Vuorenhela
- SleepWell Research Program and Department of Psychology and Logopedics Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 3, 00014, Finland
| | - Risto Halonen
- SleepWell Research Program and Department of Psychology and Logopedics Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 3, 00014, Finland
| | - Saara Mäkituuri
- SleepWell Research Program and Department of Psychology and Logopedics Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 3, 00014, Finland
| | - Maikki Selin
- SleepWell Research Program and Department of Psychology and Logopedics Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 3, 00014, Finland
| | - Sanni Luokkala
- SleepWell Research Program and Department of Psychology and Logopedics Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 3, 00014, Finland
| | - Alma Suutari
- SleepWell Research Program and Department of Psychology and Logopedics Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 3, 00014, Finland
| | - Iiris Hovatta
- SleepWell Research Program and Department of Psychology and Logopedics Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 3, 00014, Finland
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Feng YY, Bromberg-Martin ES, Monosov IE. Dorsal raphe neurons integrate the values of reward amount, delay, and uncertainty in multi-attribute decision-making. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114341. [PMID: 38878290 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) is implicated in psychiatric disorders that feature impaired sensitivity to reward amount, impulsivity when facing reward delays, and risk-seeking when confronting reward uncertainty. However, it has been unclear whether and how DRN neurons signal reward amount, reward delay, and reward uncertainty during multi-attribute value-based decision-making, where subjects consider these attributes to make a choice. We recorded DRN neurons as monkeys chose between offers whose attributes, namely expected reward amount, reward delay, and reward uncertainty, varied independently. Many DRN neurons signaled offer attributes, and this population tended to integrate the attributes in a manner that reflected monkeys' preferences for amount, delay, and uncertainty. After decision-making, in response to post-decision feedback, these same neurons signaled signed reward prediction errors, suggesting a broader role in tracking value across task epochs and behavioral contexts. Our data illustrate how the DRN participates in value computations, guiding theories about the role of the DRN in decision-making and psychiatric disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Yang Feng
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Ilya E Monosov
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA; Washington University Pain Center, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Electrical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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Mombelli S, Ricordeau F, Gillard L, Lecca R, Vidal T, Pereira B, Beudin P, Vitello N, Bastuji H, Peter-Derex L, Fantini ML. Psychobehavioural profile in narcolepsy type 1 with and without REM sleep behaviour disorder. J Sleep Res 2024; 33:e13925. [PMID: 37222001 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
REM sleep behaviour disorder (RBD) is common in narcolepsy type 1 (NT1). Abnormalities in the reward system have been observed in NT1, possibly related to impaired orexin projections towards the mesolimbic reward system, but also in RBD when associated with Parkinson's disease. Our study aimed to explore the psychobehavioural profile of NT1 patients with and without RBD compared with healthy controls (HC). Forty patients with NT1 were compared with 20 sex- and age-matched HC. All patients with NT1 underwent a video-polysomnography including a measure of REM sleep without atonia (RSWA). The following neuropsychobehavioural variables were assessed: apathy, impulsivity, depression, cognition, subjective and objective attention, sensation-seeking, and behavioural addictions. The patient population included 22 patients with NT1-RBD and 18 patients with NT1-noRBD. Compared with the healthy controls, patients with NT1 had higher scores of apathy, impulsivity, and depression; a lower score on global cognition, and poorer self-perceived attention. No differences were found between patients with NT1 with and without RBD in all neuropsychological variables, except for impaired objective attention in patients with NT1-RBD. In patients with NT1, a positive correlation was observed between RSWA and both apathy and impulsivity subscale. Moreover, in patients with NT1-RBD, RSWA was positively correlated with depression. Patients with NT1 showed higher depression, apathy, and impulsivity compared with controls. These measures correlate with the severity of RSWA, suggesting a transdiagnostic association between RBD and abnormalities of the reward system at least for patients with NT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Mombelli
- Sleep and EEG, Neurophysiology Unit, Neurology Department, University Hospital and UMR 6602-Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Institute Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology - Sleep Disorders Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - François Ricordeau
- Sleep and EEG, Neurophysiology Unit, Neurology Department, University Hospital and UMR 6602-Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Institute Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Center for Sleep Medicine and Respiratory Diseases, Lyon University Hospital, Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France
| | - Léa Gillard
- Sleep and EEG, Neurophysiology Unit, Neurology Department, University Hospital and UMR 6602-Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Institute Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Rosa Lecca
- Sleep and EEG, Neurophysiology Unit, Neurology Department, University Hospital and UMR 6602-Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Institute Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Sleep Disorder Research Center, Department of Medical Science and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Tiphaine Vidal
- CMRR, Neurology Department, University Hospital - Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Institute Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Bruno Pereira
- Clinical Research and Innovation Direction, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Patricia Beudin
- Sleep and EEG, Neurophysiology Unit, Neurology Department, University Hospital and UMR 6602-Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Institute Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Nicolas Vitello
- Biostatistics Unit (DRCI) CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Helene Bastuji
- Center for Sleep Medicine and Respiratory Diseases, Lyon University Hospital, Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, CNRS UMR 5292, INSERM U1028 - Neuropain Team, Lyon, France
| | - Laure Peter-Derex
- Center for Sleep Medicine and Respiratory Diseases, Lyon University Hospital, Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, CNRS UMR 5292, INSERM U1028 - PAM Team, Lyon, France
| | - Maria Livia Fantini
- Sleep and EEG, Neurophysiology Unit, Neurology Department, University Hospital and UMR 6602-Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Institute Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Shen Z, Yang X, She T, Zhao G, Dou Z, Luo Y, Lin W, Dang W, Yu S. Deficits in brain default mode network connectivity mediate the relationship between poor sleep quality and anxiety severity. Sleep 2024; 47:zsad296. [PMID: 37988563 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsad296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Chronic insomnia disorder (CID) is a prevalent sleep disorder that frequently cooccurs with anxiety. The association between insomnia and anxiety has been established; however, the neurobiological basis of this relationship remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the neural markers of CID patients with and without anxiety and to determine whether specific neural connectivity mediates the relationship between insomnia and anxiety. METHODS This study included 180 participants, comprising CID patients with anxiety (CID-A), CID patients without anxiety (CID-NA), and good sleep controls. All participants completed self-reported measures of sleep quality and anxiety severity and underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging. Brain functional integration was measured using functional connectivity density (FCD) and resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC). Correlation and mediation analyses were used to examine the relationships among brain connectivity, sleep quality, and anxiety severity. RESULTS The CID-NA and CID-A groups showed decreased local FCD in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and disrupted rsFC between the precuneus and other brain regions. Only the CID-A group exhibited altered long-range FCD in the precuneus and the rsFC between the anterior default mode network (DMN, e.g. mPFC) and posterior DMN (e.g. precuneus). Mediation analysis revealed DMN dysconnectivity underlying the association between poor sleep quality and anxiety symptoms. CONCLUSIONS This study identified shared and distinct brain circuit disruptions in the CID-NA and CID-A groups, with deficits in DMN connectivity as a potential neural mechanism through which disrupted sleep augments anxiety. These findings may facilitate the development of personalized therapies for insomnia and associated anxiety problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifu Shen
- School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
- Department of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Xue Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Tianwei She
- Department of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Guangli Zhao
- School of Rehabilitation and Health Preservation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zeyang Dou
- School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yucai Luo
- School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenting Lin
- School of Rehabilitation and Health Preservation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wantai Dang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Siyi Yu
- School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Reichardt R, Király A, Szőllősi Á, Racsmány M, Simor P. A daytime nap with REM sleep is linked to enhanced generalization of emotional stimuli. J Sleep Res 2024:e14177. [PMID: 38369938 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.14177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
How memory representations are shaped during and after their encoding is a central question in the study of human memory. Recognition responses to stimuli that are similar to those observed previously can hint at the fidelity of the memories or point to processes of generalization at the expense of precise memory representations. Experimental studies utilizing this approach showed that emotions and sleep both influence these responses. Sleep, and more specifically rapid eye movement sleep, is assumed to facilitate the generalization of emotional memories. We studied mnemonic discrimination by the emotional variant of the Mnemonic Separation Task in participants (N = 113) who spent a daytime nap between learning and testing compared with another group that spent an equivalent time awake between the two sessions. Our findings indicate that the discrimination of similar but previously not seen items from previously seen ones is enhanced in case of negative compared with neutral and positive stimuli. Moreover, whereas the sleep and the wake groups did not differ in memory performance, participants entering rapid eye movement sleep exhibited increased generalization of emotional memories. Our findings indicate that entering into rapid eye movement sleep during a daytime nap shapes emotional memories in a way that enhances recognition at the expense of detailed memory representations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richárd Reichardt
- Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna Király
- National Institute of Locomotor Diseases and Disabilities, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Szőllősi
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Budapest, Hungary
- Centre for Cognitive Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Mihály Racsmány
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Budapest, Hungary
- Centre for Cognitive Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Péter Simor
- Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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Toś M, Grażyńska A, Antoniuk S, Siuda J. Impulse Control Disorders in Parkinson's Disease and Atypical Parkinsonian Syndromes-Is There a Difference? Brain Sci 2024; 14:181. [PMID: 38391755 PMCID: PMC10886884 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14020181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Impulse control disorders (ICDs) are characterized by potentially harmful actions resulting from disturbances in the self-control of emotions and behavior. ICDs include disorders such as gambling, hypersexuality, binge eating, and compulsive buying. ICDs are known non-motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD) and are associated primarily with the use of dopaminergic treatment (DRT) and especially dopamine agonists (DA). However, in atypical parkinsonism (APS), such as progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) or multiple system atrophy (MSA), there are only single case reports of ICDs without attempts to determine the risk factors for their occurrence. Moreover, numerous reports in the literature indicate increased impulsivity in PSP. Our study aimed to determine the frequency of individual ICDs in APS compared to PD and identify potential factors for developing ICDs in APS. MATERIALS AND METHODS Our prospective study included 185 patients with PD and 35 with APS (27 patients with PSP and 9 with MSA) hospitalized between 2020 and 2023 at the Neurological Department of University Central Hospital in Katowice. Each patient was examined using the Questionnaire for Impulsive-Compulsive Disorders in Parkinson's Disease (QUIP) to assess ICDs. Additionally, other scales were used to assess the advancement of the disease, the severity of depression, and cognitive impairment. Information on age, gender, age of onset, disease duration, and treatment used were collected from medical records and patient interviews. RESULTS ICDs were detected in 23.39% of patients with PD (including binge eating in 11.54%, compulsive buying in 10.44%, hypersexuality in 8.79%, and pathological gambling in 4.40%), in one patient with MSA (hypersexuality and pathological gambling), and in 18.52% of patients with PSP (binge eating in 3.70%, compulsive buying in 7.41%, and hypersexuality in 11.11%). We found no differences in the frequency of ICDs between individual diseases (p = 0.4696). We confirmed that the use of higher doses of DA and L-dopa in patients with PD, as well as a longer disease duration and the presence of motor complications, were associated with a higher incidence of ICDs. However, we did not find any treatment effect on the incidence of ICDs in APS. CONCLUSIONS ICDs are common and occur with a similar frequency in PD and APS. Well-described risk factors for ICDs in PD, such as the use of DRT or longer disease duration, are not fully reflected in the risk factors for ICDs in APS. This applies especially to PSP, which, unlike PD and MSA, is a tauopathy in which, in addition to the use of DRT, other mechanisms related to the disease, such as disorders in neuronal loops and neurotransmitter deficits, may influence the development of ICDs. Further prospective multicenter studies recruiting larger groups of patients are needed to fully determine the risk factors and mechanisms of ICD development in APS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Toś
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
| | - Anna Grażyńska
- Department of Imaging Diagnostics and Interventional Radiology, Kornel Gibiński Independent Public Central Clinical Hospital, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
| | - Sofija Antoniuk
- St. Barbara Regional Specialist Hospital No. 5, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Joanna Siuda
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
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Figorilli M, Meloni F, Lecca R, Tamburrino L, Mascia MG, Cocco V, Meloni M, Marques AR, Vidal T, Congiu P, Defazio G, Durif F, Lanza G, Ferri R, Schenck CH, Fantini ML, Puligheddu M. Severity of REM sleep without atonia correlates with measures of cognitive impairment and depressive symptoms in REM sleep behaviour disorder. J Sleep Res 2023; 32:e13880. [PMID: 36998161 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to correlate REM sleep without atonia (RSWA) and neuropsychological data in patients with idiopathic/isolated REM sleep behaviour disorder (iRBD) and those with RBD associated with Parkinson's disease (PDRBD), in order to assess whether higher degrees of RSWA are related to poorer cognitive performance. A total of 142 subjects were enrolled: 48 with iRBD, 55 with PDRBD, and 39 PD without RBD (PDnoRBD). All participants underwent video-polysomnographic recording, clinical and neuropsychological assessment. RSWA was quantified according to two manual scoring methods (Montréal, SINBAR) and one automated (REM atonia index, RAI). Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) was diagnosed according to diagnostic criteria for MCI in Parkinson's disease. The relationship between neuropsychological scores and RSWA metrics was explored by multiple linear regression analysis and logistic regression models. Patients with iRBD showed significantly lower visuospatial functions and working memory, compared with the others. More severe RSWA was associated with a higher risk of reduced visuospatial abilities (OR 0.15), working memory (OR 2.48), attention (OR 2.53), and semantic fluency (OR 0.15) in the iRBD. In the whole group, a greater RSWA was associated with an increased risk for depressive symptoms (OR 3.6). A total of 57(40%) MCI subjects were found (17 iRBD, 26 PDRBD, and 14 PDnoRBD). Preserved REM-atonia was associated with a reduced odds of multi-domain MCI in the whole study population (OR 0.54). In conclusion, a greater severity of RSWA was associated with an increased risk for poor cognitive performance and depressive mood in patients with RBD. Moreover, higher RAI was associated with a lower risk of multi-domain MCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Figorilli
- Sleep Disorder Research Center, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
- Neurology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari and AOU Cagliari, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Federico Meloni
- Sleep Disorder Research Center, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Rosamaria Lecca
- Sleep Disorder Research Center, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Ludovica Tamburrino
- Sleep Disorder Research Center, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | | | - Viola Cocco
- Sleep Disorder Research Center, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Mario Meloni
- IRCCS, Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, Milan, Italy
| | - Ana Raquel Marques
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Clermont Auvergne INP, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, Neurophysiology Department, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Tiphaine Vidal
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Clermont Auvergne INP, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, Neurophysiology Department, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Patrizia Congiu
- Sleep Disorder Research Center, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Defazio
- Neurology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari and AOU Cagliari, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Frank Durif
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Clermont Auvergne INP, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, Neurophysiology Department, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Giuseppe Lanza
- Sleep Research Centre, Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, Troina, Italy
- Department of Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Raffaele Ferri
- Sleep Research Centre, Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, Troina, Italy
| | - Carlos H Schenck
- Minnesota Regional Sleep Disorders Center, and Departments of Psychiatry, Hennepin County Medical Center and University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Maria Livia Fantini
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Clermont Auvergne INP, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, Neurophysiology Department, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Monica Puligheddu
- Sleep Disorder Research Center, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
- Neurology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari and AOU Cagliari, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
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9
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Gao JX, Yan G, Li XX, Xie JF, Spruyt K, Shao YF, Hou YP. The Ponto-Geniculo-Occipital (PGO) Waves in Dreaming: An Overview. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1350. [PMID: 37759951 PMCID: PMC10526299 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13091350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep is the main sleep correlate of dreaming. Ponto-geniculo-occipital (PGO) waves are a signature of REM sleep. They represent the physiological mechanism of REM sleep that specifically limits the processing of external information. PGO waves look just like a message sent from the pons to the lateral geniculate nucleus of the visual thalamus, the occipital cortex, and other areas of the brain. The dedicated visual pathway of PGO waves can be interpreted by the brain as visual information, leading to the visual hallucinosis of dreams. PGO waves are considered to be both a reflection of REM sleep brain activity and causal to dreams due to their stimulation of the cortex. In this review, we summarize the role of PGO waves in potential neural circuits of two major theories, i.e., (1) dreams are generated by the activation of neural activity in the brainstem; (2) PGO waves signaling to the cortex. In addition, the potential physiological functions during REM sleep dreams, such as memory consolidation, unlearning, and brain development and plasticity and mood regulation, are discussed. It is hoped that our review will support and encourage research into the phenomenon of human PGO waves and their possible functions in dreaming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Xian Gao
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, Departments of Neuroscience, Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (J.-X.G.); (G.Y.); (X.-X.L.); (J.-F.X.)
| | - Guizhong Yan
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, Departments of Neuroscience, Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (J.-X.G.); (G.Y.); (X.-X.L.); (J.-F.X.)
| | - Xin-Xuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, Departments of Neuroscience, Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (J.-X.G.); (G.Y.); (X.-X.L.); (J.-F.X.)
| | - Jun-Fan Xie
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, Departments of Neuroscience, Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (J.-X.G.); (G.Y.); (X.-X.L.); (J.-F.X.)
| | - Karen Spruyt
- NeuroDiderot-INSERM, Université de Paris, 75019 Paris, France;
| | - Yu-Feng Shao
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, Departments of Neuroscience, Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (J.-X.G.); (G.Y.); (X.-X.L.); (J.-F.X.)
| | - Yi-Ping Hou
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, Departments of Neuroscience, Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (J.-X.G.); (G.Y.); (X.-X.L.); (J.-F.X.)
- Sleep Medicine Center of Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, China
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10
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Yan C, Cui L, Zhang Q, Wei P. Reward association impairs recognition of incidentally encoded negative information: Electrophysiological evidence. Biol Psychol 2023; 182:108629. [PMID: 37442361 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2023.108629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies investigating the effect of reward on emotional episodic memory have produced inconsistent results. In this study, through two experiments using event-related potentials (ERPs), we investigated the effect of reward association on the encoding and retrieval of incidentally encoded emotional information, and examined whether this effect changes over time. Participants in the two experiments were asked to discriminate the emotional valence of color images under reward or no-reward condition and incidentally encode them. Immediate (in Experiment 1) or 24-hour delayed (in Experiment 2) recognition after encoding was tested. In Experiments 1 and 2, reward (relative to no-reward) significantly improved the recognition of positive and neutral items, but significantly reduced the recognition of negative items. During encoding, the significant ERP reward effects (significantly more positive ERP amplitude for rewarded items than for non-rewarded ones) for positive and neutral images were widely distributed from 200 to 1500 ms after image onset, while those for negative stimuli occurred mainly from 200 to 500 ms. During retrieval, the significant ERP reward effects for positive and neutral items occurred in the two experiments, but the reversed ERP reward effects for negative items were found only in Experiment 1. The results of the present study suggest that reward association affects the encoding and retrieval of emotional images by enhancing memory processing efficiency of positive and neutral items, while impairing recognition of negative items, thus yielding a robust and sustained modulation over frontal/frontocentral or centroparietal/parietal areas where mechanisms of reward and emotion processing operate in conjunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunping Yan
- Learning and Cognition Key Laboratory of Beijing, School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China; School of Psychology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Lixia Cui
- Learning and Cognition Key Laboratory of Beijing, School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Learning and Cognition Key Laboratory of Beijing, School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China.
| | - Ping Wei
- Learning and Cognition Key Laboratory of Beijing, School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
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11
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Feng YY, Bromberg-Martin ES, Monosov IE. Dorsal raphe neurons signal integrated value during multi-attribute decision-making. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.17.553745. [PMID: 37662243 PMCID: PMC10473596 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.17.553745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
The dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) is implicated in psychiatric disorders that feature impaired sensitivity to reward amount, impulsivity when facing reward delays, and risk-seeking when grappling with reward uncertainty. However, whether and how DRN neurons signal reward amount, reward delay, and reward uncertainty during multi-attribute value-based decision-making, where subjects consider all these attributes to make a choice, is unclear. We recorded DRN neurons as monkeys chose between offers whose attributes, namely expected reward amount, reward delay, and reward uncertainty, varied independently. Many DRN neurons signaled offer attributes. Remarkably, these neurons commonly integrated offer attributes in a manner that reflected monkeys' overall preferences for amount, delay, and uncertainty. After decision-making, in response to post-decision feedback, these same neurons signaled signed reward prediction errors, suggesting a broader role in tracking value across task epochs and behavioral contexts. Our data illustrate how DRN participates in integrated value computations, guiding theories of DRN in decision-making and psychiatric disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Yang Feng
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | | | - Ilya E. Monosov
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Washington University Pain Center, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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12
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Wang Y, Zhu Y, Tian M, Wang Y, Pei X, Jiang J, He Y, Gong Y. Recent advances in the study of sepsis-induced depression. JOURNAL OF INTENSIVE MEDICINE 2023; 3:239-243. [PMID: 37533814 PMCID: PMC10391568 DOI: 10.1016/j.jointm.2022.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Progress in medicine such as the use of anti-infective drugs and development of the advanced life support equipment has greatly improved the survival rate of patients with sepsis. However, the incidence of sepsis-related diseases is increasing. These include severe neurologic and psychologic disorders, cognitive decline, anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Cerebral dysfunction occurs via multiple interacting mechanisms, with different causative pathogens having distinct effects. Because sepsis-related diseases place a substantial burden on patients and their families, it is important to elucidate the underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms to develop effective treatments.
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Rampon M, Carponcy J, Missaire M, Bouet R, Parmentier R, Comte JC, Malleret G, Salin PA. Synapse-Specific Modulation of Synaptic Responses by Brain States in Hippocampal Pathways. J Neurosci 2023; 43:1191-1210. [PMID: 36631268 PMCID: PMC9962785 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0772-22.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Synaptic changes play a major role in memory processes. Modulation of synaptic responses by brain states remains, however, poorly understood in hippocampal networks, even in basal conditions. We recorded evoked synaptic responses at five hippocampal pathways in freely moving male rats. We showed that, at the perforant path to dentate gyrus (PP-DG) synapse, responses increase during wakefulness compared with sleep. At the Schaffer collaterals to CA1 (SC-CA1) synapse, responses increase during non-REM sleep (NREM) compared with the other states. During REM sleep (REM), responses decreased at the PP-DG and SC-CA1 synapses compared with NREM, while they increased at the fornix to nucleus accumbens synapse (Fx-NAc) during REM compared with the other states. In contrast, responses at the fornix to medial PFC synapse (Fx-PFC) and at the fornix to amygdala synapse (Fx-Amy) were weakly modulated by vigilance states. Extended sleep periods led to synaptic changes at PP-DG and Fx-Amy synapses but not at the other synapses. Synaptic responses were also linked to local oscillations and were highly correlated between Fx-PFC and Fx-NAc but not between Fx-Amy and these synapses. These results reveal synapse-specific modulations that may contribute to memory consolidation during the sleep-wake cycle.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Surprisingly, the cortical network dynamics remains poorly known at the synaptic level. We tested the hypothesis that brain states would modulate synaptic changes in the same way at different cortical connections. To tackle this issue, we implemented an approach to explore the synaptic behavior of five connections upstream and downstream the rat hippocampus. Our study reveals that synaptic responses are modulated in a highly synapse-specific manner by wakefulness and sleep states as well as by local oscillations at these connections. Moreover, we found rapid synaptic changes during wake and sleep transitions as well as synaptic down and upregulations after extended periods of sleep. These synaptic changes are likely related to the mechanisms of sleep-dependent memory consolidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Rampon
- Forgetting processes and cortical dynamics' team, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Bron, F-69500, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 5292, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1028, Bron, F-69500, France
| | - Julien Carponcy
- Forgetting processes and cortical dynamics' team, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Bron, F-69500, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 5292, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1028, Bron, F-69500, France
- Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3TH, United Kingdom
| | - Mégane Missaire
- Forgetting processes and cortical dynamics' team, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Bron, F-69500, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 5292, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1028, Bron, F-69500, France
| | - Romain Bouet
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 5292, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1028, Bron, F-69500, France
| | - Regis Parmentier
- Forgetting processes and cortical dynamics' team, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Bron, F-69500, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 5292, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1028, Bron, F-69500, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Comte
- Forgetting processes and cortical dynamics' team, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Bron, F-69500, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 5292, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1028, Bron, F-69500, France
| | - Gael Malleret
- Forgetting processes and cortical dynamics' team, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Bron, F-69500, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 5292, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1028, Bron, F-69500, France
| | - Paul A Salin
- Forgetting processes and cortical dynamics' team, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Bron, F-69500, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 5292, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1028, Bron, F-69500, France
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Paré D, Headley DB. The amygdala mediates the facilitating influence of emotions on memory through multiple interacting mechanisms. Neurobiol Stress 2023; 24:100529. [PMID: 36970449 PMCID: PMC10034520 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2023.100529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Emotionally arousing experiences are better remembered than neutral ones, highlighting that memory consolidation differentially promotes retention of experiences depending on their survival value. This paper reviews evidence indicating that the basolateral amygdala (BLA) mediates the facilitating influence of emotions on memory through multiple mechanisms. Emotionally arousing events, in part by triggering the release of stress hormones, cause a long-lasting enhancement in the firing rate and synchrony of BLA neurons. BLA oscillations, particularly gamma, play an important role in synchronizing the activity of BLA neurons. In addition, BLA synapses are endowed with a unique property, an elevated post-synaptic expression of NMDA receptors. As a result, the synchronized gamma-related recruitment of BLA neurons facilitates synaptic plasticity at other inputs converging on the same target neurons. Given that emotional experiences are spontaneously remembered during wake and sleep, and that REM sleep is favorable to the consolidation of emotional memories, we propose a synthesis for the various lines of evidence mentioned above: gamma-related synchronized firing of BLA cells potentiates synapses between cortical neurons that were recruited during an emotional experience, either by tagging these cells for subsequent reactivation or by enhancing the effects of reactivation itself.
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15
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Du S, Huang Y, Ma Y, Qin Y, Cui J, Bai W, Han H, Zhang R, Yu H. The mediating effects of depression, anxiety, and rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder on the association between dopaminergic replacement therapy and impulse control disorders in Parkinson's disease. Neurol Sci 2023; 44:557-564. [PMID: 36221041 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-022-06443-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to longitudinally explore whether and how rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD), depression, and anxiety mediate the association between dopaminergic replacement therapy (DRT) and impulse control disorders (ICDs) in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). METHODS Subjects were selected from the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative. After excluding missing data, 268, 223, 218, 238, and 219 patients with PD diagnosed at 12, 24, 36, 48, and 60 months prior, respectively, were included. We used the Questionnaire for Impulsive-Compulsive Disorders, RBD Screening Questionnaire, Geriatric Depression Scale, and State-Trait-Anxiety Inventory to assess ICBs, RBD, depression, and anxiety, respectively. We constructed three causal mediation analysis models to infer potential contingent pathways from DRT to ICD mediated by depression, anxiety, and RBD separately. RESULTS DRT was associated with an increased risk of PD incidence. Aggravation of ICDs was partly explained by improvements in depression (the average causal mediation effect accounted for 8.0% of the total effect) and RBD (the average causal mediation effect of RBD accounted for 16.4% of the total effect). This suggested that anxiety (the average causal mediation effect accounted for 12.7% of the total effect) plays a mediating role. CONCLUSIONS Focusing on changes in RBD, depression, and anxiety associated with hyperdopaminergic status should be an essential part of strategies to prevent ICDs in patients with Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidan Du
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Diseases Risk Assessment, Shanxi Medical University, 56 South XinJian Road, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Diseases Risk Assessment, Shanxi Medical University, 56 South XinJian Road, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Yifei Ma
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Diseases Risk Assessment, Shanxi Medical University, 56 South XinJian Road, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Yao Qin
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Diseases Risk Assessment, Shanxi Medical University, 56 South XinJian Road, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Jing Cui
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Diseases Risk Assessment, Shanxi Medical University, 56 South XinJian Road, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Wenlin Bai
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Diseases Risk Assessment, Shanxi Medical University, 56 South XinJian Road, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Hongjuan Han
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Diseases Risk Assessment, Shanxi Medical University, 56 South XinJian Road, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Diseases Risk Assessment, Shanxi Medical University, 56 South XinJian Road, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Hongmei Yu
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Diseases Risk Assessment, Shanxi Medical University, 56 South XinJian Road, Taiyuan, 030001, China.
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16
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Tsunematsu T. What are the neural mechanisms and physiological functions of dreams? Neurosci Res 2022; 189:54-59. [PMID: 36572252 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2022.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Dreams are mental experiences, including perceptions, thoughts, and emotions, that occur during sleep. In dreams, hallucinatory perceptions, particularly visual and motoric, are often accompanied by negative emotions. When people dream, they perceive them as real even though they are bizarre and distorted in time and space. People often cannot recall their dreams, even though people dream every night. Dreaming is a strange physiological phenomenon. Research has demonstrated that dreaming is closely associated with rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. It is known that dreaming also occurs during non-REM (NREM) sleep, but the content appears to be different. Dreams during REM sleep tend to be longer, more vivid, more story-like, and more bizarre than those during NREM sleep. In this review, the neural circuits underlying dreaming and the physiological functions associated with it are summarized. Two major theories have been proposed regarding the neural circuits involved in dreaming. One is that dreams are generated by the activation of neural activity in the brainstem and its signal transmission to the cortex. The other is that dreams are caused by forebrain activation by dopamine. Whereas the physiological function of dreams remains unclear, several hypotheses have been proposed that are associated with memory and emotions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi Tsunematsu
- Department of Integrative Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan; Creative Interdisciplinary Research Division, Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
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17
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Zhang H, Yin J, Jia L, Qin X, Du T, Ma K, Yin J, Li Y. Effects of dopamine transporter in the ventral tegmental area on sleep recovery after propofol anesthesia in sleep-deprived rats. Sleep Med 2022; 100:269-279. [PMID: 36148759 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2022.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous studies indicate that propofol can help with recovery from sleep deprivation and has anti-anxiety effects. However, the underlying neurochemical mechanism remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of dopamine transporter (DAT) in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) on sleep and anxiety recovery after propofol anesthesia in rats with 24 h total sleep deprivation (TSD). METHODS Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were in natural sleep or sleep deprived for 24 h in a sleep deprivation rat system. The rats received propofol anesthesia (75 mg/kg, i.p.) or natural sleep. Dopamine transporter knockdown was performed by microinjection of AAV-DAT-RNAi vector. EEG was measured in each group to evaluate the subsequent sleep. The elevated plus maze test (EPMT) and open field test (OFT) were used to evaluate locomotion and anxiety level in rats. Immunofluorescence was used to verify virus location and transfection efficiency. RESULTS Compared with NC group, the anxiety level of Propofol group showed no significant difference, but REM sleep decreased. Compared with the TSD group, the anxiety level of the TSD + Propofol group was reduced and the sleep recovery was closer to baseline. Compared with TSD + AAV-NC group, anxiety level and sleep time increased in TSD + AAVi group, REM increased within 24 h after sleep deprivation. The sleep time of TSD + AAVi + Propofol group was between those of TSD + AAV-NC group and TSD + AAVi group. TSD + AAV-NC + Propofol group had the least sleep time and the lowest anxiety level. CONCLUSION 1. Propofol did not change anxiety level in normal rats, but reduced REM sleep, while it could accelerate sleep recovery and reduce anxiety level in sleep-deprived rats. 2. In sleep deprived rats with DAT knockdown, propofol improved sleep and anxiety levels more slowly, especially producing more REM rebound, suggesting that the improvement of sleep and anxiety levels in sleep-deprived rats with propofol may be related to DAT in VTA region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, China
| | - Jieting Yin
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, China
| | - Lei Jia
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, China
| | - Xinlei Qin
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, China
| | - Tongyu Du
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, China
| | - Ketao Ma
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Jiangwen Yin
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, China.
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, China.
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Sikka P, Engelbrektsson H, Zhang J, Gross JJ. Negative dream affect is associated with next-day affect level, but not with affect reactivity or affect regulation. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:981289. [PMID: 36338877 PMCID: PMC9626956 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.981289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that sleep plays an important role in affective processing. However, it is unclear whether dreaming-the subjective experiences we have during sleep-also serves an affect regulation function. Here, we investigated the within-person relationship between negative affect experienced in dreams and next-day waking affect level, affect reactivity, and affect regulation. For 5 days, 40 participants reported their dreams and rated their dream affect and post-sleep waking affect level upon morning awakening. Thereafter, they performed an affect reactivity and regulation task which involved viewing neutral and negative pictures with the instruction either to simply view the pictures or to down-regulate the affect evoked by these pictures. Multilevel regression analyses showed that the more negative affect people experienced in their dreams at night, the more negative affect and the less positive affect they reported the next morning. However, negative dream affect was associated neither with affect reactivity to the pictures nor with the ability to down-regulate negative affect in response to these pictures. In fact, Bayesian analyses favored the null hypotheses. These findings fail to provide support for the affect regulation function of dreaming and, instead, speak for affective continuity between dreaming and post-sleep wakefulness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilleriin Sikka
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
- Department of Psychology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience and Philosophy, University of Skövde, Skövde, Sweden
| | - Hilda Engelbrektsson
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience and Philosophy, University of Skövde, Skövde, Sweden
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jinxiao Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - James J. Gross
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
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19
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Zheng Q, Yan F, Wang H, Ke Y. Effects of quilts on comfortable indoor temperatures and human thermal responses during sleep. INDOOR AIR 2022; 32:e13122. [PMID: 36168226 DOI: 10.1111/ina.13122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Quilts play a vital role in the thermal comfort of sleeping people. This study aims to investigate the comfortable indoor temperatures and thermal responses when people sleep in different quilts. The experiment tested three kinds of quilts (down, silk, and polyester), and each kind of quilt involved six filling weights. Sixteen participants (eight males and eight females) conducted whole-night sleeping trials to acquire skin temperatures, bedding temperatures, and thermal perceptual responses. The lower and upper limits of air temperatures ( T lower $$ {T}_{lower} $$ and T upper $$ {T}_{upper} $$ ) for comfortable sleeping were obtained. The results indicated that thermal sensation votes were in the range from 0.1 (close to "neutral") to 1.3 (close to "slightly warm") when participants felt comfortable and preferred "no change" in thermal preference. The corresponding comfortable mean skin and bedding temperatures were 34.6 ~ 35.2°C and 31.2 ~ 32.7°C, respectively. T lower $$ {T}_{lower} $$ and T upper $$ {T}_{upper} $$ had good linear correlations with bedding insulations. For the same bedding insulation, the T lower $$ {T}_{lower} $$ and T upper $$ {T}_{upper} $$ were highest for using silk quilts, followed by down and polyester quilts. The comfort ranges of air temperatures and quilt insulations were finally determined. The findings may benefit understanding the thermal requirement of quilts and help people select and design quilts to achieve thermal comfort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zheng
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Fangying Yan
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Hongbo Wang
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Ying Ke
- School of Design, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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20
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Gardner W, Fuchs F, Durieux L, Bourgin P, Coenen VA, Döbrössy M, Lecourtier L. Slow Wave Sleep Deficits in the Flinders Sensitive Line Rodent Model of Depression: Effects of Medial Forebrain Bundle Deep-Brain Stimulation. Neuroscience 2022; 498:31-49. [PMID: 35750113 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is an affective disorder typically accompanied by sleep disturbances. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the medial forebrain bundle (MFB) is an emerging intervention for treatment-resistant depression, but its effect on sleep has not been closely examined. Here we aimed to characterise sleep deficits in the Flinders sensitive line, an established rodent model of depression, and investigate the consequences of MFB stimulation on sleep-related phenotypes. Rats were implanted with bilateral stimulation electrodes in the MFB, surface electrodes to record electrocorticography and electromyography for sleep scoring and electrodes within the prelimbic cortex, nucleus accumbens (NAc) and dorsal hippocampus. Recordings of sleep and oscillatory activity were conducted prior to and following twenty-four hours of MFB stimulation. Behavioural anti-depressant effects were monitored using the forced swim test. Previously unreported abnormalities in the Flinders sensitive line rats were observed during slow wave sleep, including decreased circadian amplitude of its rhythm, a reduction in slow wave activity and elevated gamma band oscillations. Previously established rapid eye movement sleep deficits were replicated. MFB stimulation had anti-depressant effects on behavioural phenotype, but did not significantly impact sleep architecture; it suppressed elevated gamma activity during slow wave sleep in the electrocorticogram and prelimbic cortex signals. Diverse abnormalities in Flinders sensitive line rats emphasise slow wave sleep as a state of dysfunction in affective disorders. MFB stimulation is able to affect behaviour and sleep physiology without influencing sleep architecture. Gamma modulation may represent a component of antidepressant mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilf Gardner
- Laboratory of Stereotaxy and Interventional Neurosciences, Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Freiburg University and Medical Faculty of Freiburg University, Germany; Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität-Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Adaptatives, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Fanny Fuchs
- Inovarion, Paris, France; Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg France
| | - Laura Durieux
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Adaptatives, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Patrice Bourgin
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg France; Centre des troubles du sommeil - CIRCSom, Strasbourg University Hospitals, Strasbourg, France
| | - Volker A Coenen
- Laboratory of Stereotaxy and Interventional Neurosciences, Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Freiburg University and Medical Faculty of Freiburg University, Germany; Center for Basics in Neuromodulation, Freiburg University, Freiburg, Germany; Center for Deep Brain Stimulation, Freiburg University, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Máté Döbrössy
- Laboratory of Stereotaxy and Interventional Neurosciences, Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Freiburg University and Medical Faculty of Freiburg University, Germany; Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität-Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Dept of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, University Hospital Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Lucas Lecourtier
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Adaptatives, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
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21
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Scarpelli S, Alfonsi V, Gorgoni M, De Gennaro L. What about dreams? State of the art and open questions. J Sleep Res 2022; 31:e13609. [PMID: 35417930 PMCID: PMC9539486 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have tried to identify the neurobiological bases of dream experiences, nevertheless some questions are still at the centre of the debate. Here, we summarise the main open issues concerning the neuroscientific study of dreaming. After overcoming the rapid eye movement (REM) ‐ non‐REM (NREM) sleep dichotomy, investigations have focussed on the specific functional or structural brain features predicting dream experience. On the one hand, some results underlined that specific trait‐like factors are associated with higher dream recall frequency. On the other hand, the electrophysiological milieu preceding dream report upon awakening is a crucial state‐like factor influencing the subsequent recall. Furthermore, dreaming is strictly related to waking experiences. Based on the continuity hypothesis, some findings reveal that dreaming could be modulated through visual, olfactory, or somatosensory stimulations. Also, it should be considered that the indirect access to dreaming remains an intrinsic limitation. Recent findings have revealed a greater concordance between parasomnia‐like events and dream contents. This means that parasomnia episodes might be an expression of the ongoing mental sleep activity and could represent a viable direct access to dream experience. Finally, we provide a picture on nightmares and emphasise the possible role of oneiric activity in psychotherapy. Overall, further efforts in dream science are needed (a) to develop a uniform protocol to study dream experience, (b) to introduce and integrate advanced techniques to better understand whether dreaming can be manipulated, (c) to clarify the relationship between parasomnia events and dreaming, and (d) to determine the clinical valence of dreams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Scarpelli
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Maurizio Gorgoni
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Body and Action Lab, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi De Gennaro
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Body and Action Lab, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
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22
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Reid A, Bloxham A, Carr M, van Rijn E, Basoudan N, Tulip C, Blagrove M. Effects of sleep on positive, negative and neutral valenced story and image memory. Br J Psychol 2022; 113:777-797. [PMID: 35253902 PMCID: PMC9545409 DOI: 10.1111/bjop.12559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
During sleep, emotional memories are preferentially strengthened. However, most studies on sleep and emotional memory focus on comparing negative valence with neutral valence stimuli. This study compared the sleep‐dependent memory effects for stories and images, each comprising negative, neutral, and positive stimuli. It was hypothesized that a sleep effect would be seen for negatively and positively valenced stimuli. A novel story memory task (comprising three stories), and photographs from the Nencki Affective Picture database were presented for learning to 61 healthy adults (ages 18–25). They were tested for memory on the two tasks immediately, and then again after either a 2‐hr nap (n = 31; 17 women, 14 men) or 2‐hr wake period (n = 30; 13 women, 17 men). At second testing, the sleep condition had significantly better recall compared to the wake condition on both tasks. There was a relationship with valence only for the story task, with better performance for the sleep condition on the negatively and positively valenced texts, but not on the neutral text. There were no significant relationships between memory measures and sleep‐stage duration and EEG power variables. The story memory findings support the hypothesis that memory consolidation prioritizes emotional memory, whether positively or negatively valenced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Reid
- Sleep Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Science, School of Psychology, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Anthony Bloxham
- Sleep Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Science, School of Psychology, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Michelle Carr
- Sleep Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Science, School of Psychology, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Elaine van Rijn
- Sleep Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Science, School of Psychology, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Nasreen Basoudan
- Sleep Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Science, School of Psychology, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Chloe Tulip
- Sleep Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Science, School of Psychology, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Mark Blagrove
- Sleep Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Science, School of Psychology, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
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23
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Bogdány T, Perakakis P, Bódizs R, Simor P. The heartbeat evoked potential is a questionable biomarker in nightmare disorder: A replication study. Neuroimage Clin 2022; 33:102933. [PMID: 34990964 PMCID: PMC8743245 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2021.102933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Perogamvros et al. (2013) examined heart beat evoked potential (HEP) in nightmare sufferers. Increased HEP was proposed to be a robust biomarker in nightmare disorder. We aimed to replicate the original study in two separate and larger databases. We did not confirm the original finding showing differential HEP in REM sleep. Our data cast doubts on the utility of HEP as a biomarker in nightmare disorder.
Frequent nightmares are highly prevalent and constitute a risk factor for a wide range of psychopathological conditions. Despite its prevalence and clinical relevance however, the pathophysiological mechanisms of nightmares are poorly understood. A recent study (Perogamvros et, al 2019) examined the heart beat evoked potential (HEP) in a small group of nightmare sufferers (N = 11) and matched healthy controls (N = 11) and observed markedly different (Hedges’ g = 1.42 [0.62–2.22]) HEP response across the groups during Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep. Moreover, the HEP correlated with depression scores in the nightmare group only. The authors concluded that the HEP in REM sleep could be used as a trait-like biomarker reflecting pathological emotional-and sleep regulation in nightmare disorder. To replicate the above study, we performed the same analyses of HEPs in two separate, and larger databases comprising the polysomnographic recordings of nightmare sufferers and matched controls (NStudy 1 = 39 ; NStudy 2 = 41). In contrast to the original findings, we did not observe significant differences in HEP across the two groups in either of the two databases. Moreover, we found no associations between depression scores and HEP amplitudes in the relevant spatiotemporal cluster. Our data cast doubts on the utility of HEP as a biomarker in the diagnostic and treatment procedures of nightmare disorder and suggests that the interpretation of HEP as a marker of impaired arousal and emotional processing during REM sleep is premature and requires further validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Bogdány
- Doctoral School of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary; Institute of Psychology, ELTE, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Pandelis Perakakis
- Department of Social, Work, and Differential Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain
| | - Róbert Bódizs
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; National Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Simor
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary; UR2NF, Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Unit at CRCN - Center for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences and UNI - ULB Neurosciences Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.
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24
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Moyne M, Legendre G, Arnal L, Kumar S, Sterpenich V, Seeck M, Grandjean D, Schwartz S, Vuilleumier P, Domínguez-Borràs J. OUP accepted manuscript. Cereb Cortex Commun 2022; 3:tgac003. [PMID: 35174329 PMCID: PMC8844542 DOI: 10.1093/texcom/tgac003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The waking brain efficiently detects emotional signals to promote survival. However, emotion detection during sleep is poorly understood and may be influenced by individual sleep characteristics or neural reactivity. Notably, dream recall frequency has been associated with stimulus reactivity during sleep, with enhanced stimulus-driven responses in high vs. low recallers. Using electroencephalography (EEG), we characterized the neural responses of healthy individuals to emotional, neutral voices, and control stimuli, both during wakefulness and NREM sleep. Then, we tested how these responses varied with individual dream recall frequency. Event-related potentials (ERPs) differed for emotional vs. neutral voices, both in wakefulness and NREM. Likewise, EEG arousals (sleep perturbations) increased selectively after the emotional voices, indicating emotion reactivity. Interestingly, sleep ERP amplitude and arousals after emotional voices increased linearly with participants’ dream recall frequency. Similar correlations with dream recall were observed for beta and sigma responses, but not for theta. In contrast, dream recall correlations were absent for neutral or control stimuli. Our results reveal that brain reactivity to affective salience is preserved during NREM and is selectively associated to individual memory for dreams. Our findings also suggest that emotion-specific reactivity during sleep, and not generalized alertness, may contribute to the encoding/retrieval of dreams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maëva Moyne
- Campus Biotech, chemin des mines, 9 CH-1202 Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Geneva, Rue Michel Servet 1, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Guillaume Legendre
- Campus Biotech, chemin des mines, 9 CH-1202 Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Geneva, Rue Michel Servet 1, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Luc Arnal
- Campus Biotech, chemin des mines, 9 CH-1202 Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Geneva, Rue Michel Servet 1, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Samika Kumar
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EB, USA
| | - Virginie Sterpenich
- Campus Biotech, chemin des mines, 9 CH-1202 Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Geneva, Rue Michel Servet 1, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Margitta Seeck
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Geneva University Hospitals, 4 rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Geneva, 4 rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Didier Grandjean
- Campus Biotech, chemin des mines, 9 CH-1202 Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Uni Mail, bd du Pont-d’Arve 40, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sophie Schwartz
- Campus Biotech, chemin des mines, 9 CH-1202 Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Geneva, Rue Michel Servet 1, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Center for Affective Sciences, CISA - chemin des mines 9, CH-1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Patrik Vuilleumier
- Campus Biotech, chemin des mines, 9 CH-1202 Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Geneva, Rue Michel Servet 1, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Center for Affective Sciences, CISA - chemin des mines 9, CH-1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Judith Domínguez-Borràs
- Campus Biotech, chemin des mines, 9 CH-1202 Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Geneva, 4 rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Center for Affective Sciences, CISA - chemin des mines 9, CH-1202 Geneva, Switzerland
- Corresponding author: Judith Domínguez-Borràs, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, P. Vall d'Hebron 171, 08035 Barcelona, Spain.
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25
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Dolatshahi M, Ashraf-Ganjouei A, Wu IW, Zhang Y, Aarabi MH, Tosun D. White matter changes in drug-naïve Parkinson's disease patients with impulse control & probable REM sleep behavior disorders. J Neurol Sci 2021; 430:120032. [PMID: 34688191 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2021.120032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND According to epidemiological studies, Parkinson's disease (PD) patients with probable REM sleep behavior disorder (pRBD) are more prone to develop impulse control disorders (ICDs), which is shown to be present in drug-naïve PD patients, and vice versa. OBJECTIVES To investigate white-matter integrity differences, with and without comorbid pRBD and ICDs. METHODS 149 de-novo PD patients and 30 age- and gender-matched controls from the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative were studied. PD subjects were categorized into four groups with and without these comorbidities. We investigated the white matter integrity differences between these groups. RESULTS PDs with only ICDs manifested greater fractional anisotropy (FA) and lower mean diffusivity (MD) in ipsilateral cerebellar connections when compared to controls and to Parkinson's with both comorbid disorders. In contrast, significantly lower FA and higher MD in the ipsilateral fornix-stria-terminalis was observed in PDs with only pRBD compared to controls and to PDs without either comorbid disorder. Also, PDs with only pRBD manifested greater FA in contralateral putamen when compared to controls. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest the presence of an underlying neural network in PDs with ICDs, particularly involving cerebellar connections, which makes the subjects susceptible to pRBD. Lower white-matter integrity in the fornix of PDs with only pRBD suggests a neuropathological pathway specific to sleep behavior disorder, independent of impulse control disorders. Greater white-matter integrity observed in PDs without comorbid ICDs, regardless of their comorbid pRBD status, might reflect compensatory mechanisms. Targeted therapies for this particular neuropathology may help prevent these comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Dolatshahi
- Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; NeuroImaging Network (NIN), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - I-Wei Wu
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Yu Zhang
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Mohammad Hadi Aarabi
- Department of Neuroscience, Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Duygu Tosun
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.
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26
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Alcaro A, Brennan A, Conversi D. The SEEKING Drive and Its Fixation: A Neuro-Psycho-Evolutionary Approach to the Pathology of Addiction. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 15:635932. [PMID: 34475816 PMCID: PMC8406748 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.635932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuro-ethological studies conducted by Panksepp and his colleagues have provided an understanding of how the activity of the mesolimbic dopaminergic (ML DA) system leads to the emotional disposition to SEEK/Explore, which is involved in all appetitive motivated behavior and mental activity. In pathological addiction phenomena, this emotional disposition “fixes” itself on certain obsessive-compulsive habits, losing its versatility and its natural predisposition to spontaneous and unconditioned activation. Overall, the result is a consistent disinterest in everything that is not the object of addiction. From a neuro-psycho-evolutionary point of view, the predisposition to develop addictive behavior can be attributed to a loss of “functional autonomy” of the SEEKING/Explorative disposition. Indeed, as shown by animal and human studies, the tendency to be conditioned by situations and contexts that provide an immediate reward can be closely related to a deficit in the tonic endogenous activity of the ML DA-SEEKING system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Alcaro
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - David Conversi
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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27
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Sterpenich V, van Schie MKM, Catsiyannis M, Ramyead A, Perrig S, Yang HD, Van De Ville D, Schwartz S. Reward biases spontaneous neural reactivation during sleep. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4162. [PMID: 34230462 PMCID: PMC8260738 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24357-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep favors the reactivation and consolidation of newly acquired memories. Yet, how our brain selects the noteworthy information to be reprocessed during sleep remains largely unknown. From an evolutionary perspective, individuals must retain information that promotes survival, such as avoiding dangers, finding food, or obtaining praise or money. Here, we test whether neural representations of rewarded (compared to non-rewarded) events have priority for reactivation during sleep. Using functional MRI and a brain decoding approach, we show that patterns of brain activity observed during waking behavior spontaneously reemerge during slow-wave sleep. Critically, we report a privileged reactivation of neural patterns previously associated with a rewarded task (i.e., winning at a complex game). Moreover, during sleep, activity in task-related brain regions correlates with better subsequent memory performance. Our study uncovers a neural mechanism whereby rewarded life experiences are preferentially replayed and consolidated while we sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Sterpenich
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
- Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
- Geneva Neuroscience Center, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Mojca K M van Schie
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Geneva Neuroscience Center, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Maximilien Catsiyannis
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Avinash Ramyead
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Stephen Perrig
- Center of Sleep Medicine, Division of Pneumology, University Hospital Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Hee-Deok Yang
- Department of Computer Engineering, Chosun University, Seosuk-dong, Dong-ku, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Dimitri Van De Ville
- Geneva Neuroscience Center, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sophie Schwartz
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Geneva Neuroscience Center, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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28
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Kishore K, Cusimano MD. The Fundamental Need for Sleep in Neurocritical Care Units: Time for a Paradigm Shift. Front Neurol 2021; 12:637250. [PMID: 34220667 PMCID: PMC8248989 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.637250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Intensive neurological assessments in neurocritical care settings for unduly prolonged period result in profound sleep deprivation in those patients that confounds the true neurological status of these patients, and the mounting apprehension in providers can beget a vicious cycle of even more intensive neurological assessments resulting in further sleep deprivation from being constantly woken up to be “assessed.” This iatrogenic state drives these patients into deep sleep stages that impact spontaneous breathing trials, weaken immunity, and lead to unwarranted investigations and interventions. There is dwindling value of prolonged frequent neurochecks beyond the initial 24–48 h of an intracranial event. We insist that sleep must be considered on at least an equal par to other functions that are routinely assessed. We reason that therapeutic sleep must be allowed to these patients in suitable amounts especially beyond the first 36–48 h to achieve ideal and swift recovery. This merits a paradigm shift.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kislay Kishore
- Division of Neurosurgery, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael D Cusimano
- Division of Neurosurgery, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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29
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Rechichi I, Zibetti M, Borzì L, Olmo G, Lopiano L. Single-channel EEG classification of sleep stages based on REM microstructure. Healthc Technol Lett 2021; 8:58-65. [PMID: 34035926 PMCID: PMC8136764 DOI: 10.1049/htl2.12007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapid-eye movement (REM) sleep, or paradoxical sleep, accounts for 20-25% of total night-time sleep in healthy adults and may be related, in pathological cases, to parasomnias. A large percentage of Parkinson's disease patients suffer from sleep disorders, including REM sleep behaviour disorder and hypokinesia; monitoring their sleep cycle and related activities would help to improve their quality of life. There is a need to accurately classify REM and the other stages of sleep in order to properly identify and monitor parasomnias. This study proposes a method for the identification of REM sleep from raw single-channel electroencephalogram data, employing novel features based on REM microstructures. Sleep stage classification was performed by means of random forest (RF) classifier, K-nearest neighbour (K-NN) classifier and random Under sampling boosted trees (RUSBoost); the classifiers were trained using a set of published and novel features. REM detection accuracy ranges from 89% to 92.7%, and the classifiers achieved a F-1 score (REM class) of about 0.83 (RF), 0.80 (K-NN), and 0.70 (RUSBoost). These methods provide encouraging outcomes in automatic sleep scoring and REM detection based on raw single-channel electroencephalogram, assessing the feasibility of a home sleep monitoring device with fewer channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Rechichi
- Department of Control and Computer EngineeringPolitecnico di TorinoTorinoItaly
| | - Maurizio Zibetti
- Department of Neuroscience “Rita Levi Montalcini”Università degli Studi di TorinoTorinoItaly
| | - Luigi Borzì
- Department of Control and Computer EngineeringPolitecnico di TorinoTorinoItaly
| | - Gabriella Olmo
- Department of Control and Computer EngineeringPolitecnico di TorinoTorinoItaly
| | - Leonardo Lopiano
- Department of Neuroscience “Rita Levi Montalcini”Università degli Studi di TorinoTorinoItaly
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30
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Decreased modulation of segregated SEEKING and selective attention systems in chronic insomnia. Brain Imaging Behav 2021; 15:430-443. [PMID: 32367486 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-020-00271-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Sleep-related attentional bias and instinctual craving-sleep status may be associated with value-driven selective attention network and SEEKING system. We hypothesized that the two networks might be important components and underlie etiology of inability to initiate or/and maintain sleep in patients with chronic insomnia (PIs). Our aim is to investigate whether frequency-frequency couplings(temporal and spatial coupling, and differences of a set of imaging parameters) could elevate the sensibility to characterize the two insomnia-related networks in studying their relationships with sleep parameters and post-insomnia emotions. Forty-eight PIs and 48 status-matched good sleepers were requested to complete sleep and emotion-related questionnaires. Receiver operating characteristic curve was used to calculate the discriminatory power of a set of parameters. Granger causality and mediating causality analysis were used to address the causal relationships between the two networks and sleep/emotion-related parameters. Frequency-frequency couplings could characterize the two networks with high discriminatory power (AUC, 0.951; sensitivity, 87.5%; specificity, 95.8%), which suggested that the frequency-frequency couplings could be served as a useful biomarker to address the insomnia-related brain networks. Functional deficits of the SEEKING system played decreased mediator acting in post-insomnia negative emotions (decreased frequency-frequency coupling). Functional hyperarousal of the value-driven attention network played decreased mediator acting in sleep regulation (increased frequency-frequency coupling). Granger causality analysis showed decreased causal effect connectivity between and within the two networks. The between-network causal effect connectivity segregation played decreased mediator acting in sleep regulation (decreased connectivity). These findings suggest that the functional deficits and segregation of the two systems may underlie etiology of PIs.
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31
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Gong L, Yu S, Xu R, Liu D, Dai X, Wang Z, Hu Y, Yan B, Kui Y, Zhang B, Feng F. The abnormal reward network associated with insomnia severity and depression in chronic insomnia disorder. Brain Imaging Behav 2021; 15:1033-1042. [PMID: 32710331 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-020-00310-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Previous research has shown that acute sleep deprivation can influence the reward networks. However, it is unclear whether and how the intrinsic reward network is altered in chronic insomnia disorder (CID). In the present study, we aimed to investigate whether the reward network is altered in patients with CID using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data. Forty-two patients with CID and 33 healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled and underwent resting-state fMRI. Nucleus accumbens (NAc) - based functional connectivity (NAFC) was evaluated to explore the differences in the reward network between the CID and HC groups. Pearson correlation analysis was used to evaluate the clinical significance of altered NAFC networks. Compared to those in the HC group, increased NAFC was found in the salience and limbic networks, while decreased NAFC was found in the default mode network (DMN) and within the reward circuit in patients with CID. In addition, decreased FC between the NAc and DMN was associated with insomnia severity, while NAFC within the reward network was associated with depression symptoms in patients with CID. These findings showed that the reward network is dysfunctional and associated with depression symptom in patients with CID. Future studies of CID should consider both insomnia and depression symptoms to disentangle the role of insomnia and depression in the relationship under study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Gong
- Department of Neurology, Chengdu Second People's Hospital, Chengdu, 610017, Sichuan, China
| | - Siyi Yu
- Department of Acupuncture & Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, Sichuan, China
| | - Ronghua Xu
- Department of Neurology, Chengdu Second People's Hospital, Chengdu, 610017, Sichuan, China
| | - Duan Liu
- Department of Neurology, Chengdu Second People's Hospital, Chengdu, 610017, Sichuan, China
| | - Xijian Dai
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhengyan Wang
- Department of Pain Management, Sichuan Integrative Medicine, Sichuan, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Youping Hu
- Department of Acupuncture & Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, Sichuan, China
| | - Bohua Yan
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu Kui
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Bei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Chengdu Second People's Hospital, Chengdu, 610017, Sichuan, China
| | - Fen Feng
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, China.
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32
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Sleep parameters improvement in PTSD soldiers after symptoms remission. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8873. [PMID: 33893376 PMCID: PMC8065125 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88337-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is a psychotherapy for the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). It is still unclear whether symptoms remission through EMDR therapy is associated with a beneficial effect on one of the PTSD symptoms, sleep disturbance. Our objective was therefore to study sleep parameters before and after symptom remission in soldiers with PTSD. The control group consisted of 20 healthy active duty military men who slept in a sleep lab with standard polysomnography (PSG) on two sessions separated by one month. The patient group consisted of 17 active duty military with PTSD who underwent EMDR therapy. PSG-recorded sleep was assessed 1 week before the EMDR therapy began and 1 week after PTSD remission. We found that the increased REMs density after remission was positively correlated with a greater decrease of symptoms. Also, the number of EMDR sessions required to reach remission was correlated with intra-sleep awakenings before treatment. These results confirm the improvement of some sleep parameters in PTSD after symptoms remission in a soldier's population and provide a possible predictor of treatment success. Further experiments will be required to establish whether this effect is specific to the EMDR therapy.
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Abstract
Though the clinical and experimental literature suggests that discussing dreams with therapy patients can be beneficial in a variety of important ways, there appears to be a gap in educational opportunities for psychiatric residents regarding this process. To address this educational need at the authors' residency program, a class in psychodynamically oriented dream analysis was implemented, and data was collected in the form of learner surveys both before and after they took the course. The survey found that the level of importance placed on dream work, the comfort level in discussing dreams with patients, and the frequency with which dreams were discussed in sessions were all increased after taking the course. Our conclusion was that these preliminary results suggest that implementing a structured course on dream analysis may help to fill the educational gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Goodwyn
- Assistant Professor and Director, Psychotherapy Training, University of Louisville, and Co-Editor in Chief, International Journal of Jungian Studies
| | - Jessica Reis
- Assistant Professor and Associate Training Director, Residence Training, University of Louisville
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34
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Scarpelli S, Alfonsi V, Gorgoni M, Giannini AM, De Gennaro L. Investigation on Neurobiological Mechanisms of Dreaming in the New Decade. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11020220. [PMID: 33670180 PMCID: PMC7916906 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11020220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Dream research has advanced significantly over the last twenty years, thanks to the new applications of neuroimaging and electrophysiological techniques. Many findings pointed out that mental activity during sleep and wakefulness shared similar neural bases. On the other side, recent studies have highlighted that dream experience is promoted by significant brain activation, characterized by reduced low frequencies and increased rapid frequencies. Additionally, several studies confirmed that the posterior parietal area and prefrontal cortex are responsible for dream experience. Further, early results revealed that dreaming might be manipulated by sensory stimulations that would provoke the incorporation of specific cues into the dream scenario. Recently, transcranial stimulation techniques have been applied to modulate the level of consciousness during sleep, supporting previous findings and adding new information about neural correlates of dream recall. Overall, although multiple studies suggest that both the continuity and activation hypotheses provide a growing understanding of neural processes underlying dreaming, several issues are still unsolved. The impact of state-/trait-like variables, the influence of circadian and homeostatic factors, and the examination of parasomnia-like events to access dream contents are all opened issues deserving further deepening in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Scarpelli
- Body and Action Lab, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00179 Rome, Italy; (V.A.); (L.D.G.)
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.G.); (A.M.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-4991-7508
| | - Valentina Alfonsi
- Body and Action Lab, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00179 Rome, Italy; (V.A.); (L.D.G.)
| | - Maurizio Gorgoni
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.G.); (A.M.G.)
| | - Anna Maria Giannini
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.G.); (A.M.G.)
| | - Luigi De Gennaro
- Body and Action Lab, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00179 Rome, Italy; (V.A.); (L.D.G.)
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.G.); (A.M.G.)
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35
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Song B, Zhu J. A Novel Application of Ketamine for Improving Perioperative Sleep Disturbances. Nat Sci Sleep 2021; 13:2251-2266. [PMID: 34992482 PMCID: PMC8715868 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s341161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Perioperative sleep disturbances are commonly observed before, during, and after surgery and can be caused by several factors, such as preoperative negative moods, general anesthetics, surgery trauma, and pain. Over the past decade, the fast-acting antidepressant effects of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist ketamine represent one of the most attractive discoveries in the field of psychiatry, such as antidepressant and anxiolytic effects. It is also widely used as a short-acting anesthetic and analgesic. Recent research has revealed new possible applications for ketamine, such as for perioperative sleep disorders and circadian rhythm disorders. Here, we summarize the risk factors for perioperative sleep disturbances, outcomes of perioperative sleep disturbances, and mechanism of action of ketamine in improving perioperative sleep quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijia Song
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Junchao Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
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36
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Bréchet L, Brunet D, Perogamvros L, Tononi G, Michel CM. EEG microstates of dreams. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17069. [PMID: 33051536 PMCID: PMC7553905 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74075-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Why do people sometimes report that they remember dreams, while at other times they recall no experience? Despite the interest in dreams that may happen during the night, it has remained unclear which brain states determine whether these conscious experiences will occur and what prevents us from waking up during these episodes. Here we address this issue by comparing the EEG activity preceding awakenings with recalled vs. no recall of dreams using the EEG microstate approach. This approach characterizes transiently stable brain states of sub-second duration that involve neural networks with nearly synchronous dynamics. We found that two microstates (3 and 4) dominated during NREM sleep compared to resting wake. Further, within NREM sleep, microstate 3 was more expressed during periods followed by dream recall, whereas microstate 4 was less expressed. Source localization showed that microstate 3 encompassed the medial frontal lobe, whereas microstate 4 involved the occipital cortex, as well as thalamic and brainstem structures. Since NREM sleep is characterized by low-frequency synchronization, indicative of neuronal bistability, we interpret the increased presence of the “frontal” microstate 3 as a sign of deeper local deactivation, and the reduced presence of the “occipital” microstate 4 as a sign of local activation. The latter may account for the occurrence of dreaming with rich perceptual content, while the former may account for why the dreaming brain may undergo executive disconnection and remain asleep. This study demonstrates that NREM sleep consists of alternating brain states whose temporal dynamics determine whether conscious experience arises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Bréchet
- Functional Brain Mapping Laboratory, Fundamental Neuroscience Department, University Geneva, Campus Biotech, 9 Chemin des Mines, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland.,Biomedical Imaging Research Center (CIBM), Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Denis Brunet
- Functional Brain Mapping Laboratory, Fundamental Neuroscience Department, University Geneva, Campus Biotech, 9 Chemin des Mines, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland.,Biomedical Imaging Research Center (CIBM), Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Lampros Perogamvros
- Sleep and Cognition Neuroimaging Laboratory, Fundamental Neuroscience Department, University Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Division of Pneumology, Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Rue Gabrielle-Perret Gentil 4, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland.,Wisconsin Institute for Sleep and Consciousness, Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 6001 Research Park Blvd, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Giulio Tononi
- Wisconsin Institute for Sleep and Consciousness, Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 6001 Research Park Blvd, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Christoph M Michel
- Functional Brain Mapping Laboratory, Fundamental Neuroscience Department, University Geneva, Campus Biotech, 9 Chemin des Mines, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland. .,Biomedical Imaging Research Center (CIBM), Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland.
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37
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Simor P, van der Wijk G, Nobili L, Peigneux P. The microstructure of REM sleep: Why phasic and tonic? Sleep Med Rev 2020; 52:101305. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2020.101305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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38
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Tabibnia G. An affective neuroscience model of boosting resilience in adults. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 115:321-350. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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39
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Boland EM, Goldschmied JR, Wakschal E, Nusslock R, Gehrman PR. An Integrated Sleep and Reward Processing Model of Major Depressive Disorder. Behav Ther 2020; 51:572-587. [PMID: 32586431 PMCID: PMC7321921 DOI: 10.1016/j.beth.2019.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder with comorbid sleep disturbance has been associated with negative outcomes, including lower rates of treatment response and a greater likelihood of depressive relapse compared to those without sleep disturbance. However, little, if any, research has been conducted to understand why such negative treatment outcomes occur when sleep disturbance is present. In this conceptual review, we argue that the relationship of sleep disturbance and negative treatment outcomes may be mediated by alterations in neural reward processing in individuals with blunted trait-level reward responsivity. We first briefly characterize sleep disturbance in depression, discuss the nature of reward processing impairments in depression, and summarize the sleep/reward relationship in healthy human subjects. We then introduce a novel Integrated Sleep and Reward model of the course and maintenance of major depressive disorder and present preliminary evidence of sleep and reward interaction in unipolar depression. Finally, we discuss limitations of the model and offer testable hypotheses and directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine M Boland
- MIRECC, Cpl. Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia; Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania.
| | | | - Emily Wakschal
- MIRECC, Cpl. Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia
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40
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Smith R, Schwartenbeck P, Parr T, Friston KJ. An Active Inference Approach to Modeling Structure Learning: Concept Learning as an Example Case. Front Comput Neurosci 2020; 14:41. [PMID: 32508611 PMCID: PMC7250191 DOI: 10.3389/fncom.2020.00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Within computational neuroscience, the algorithmic and neural basis of structure learning remains poorly understood. Concept learning is one primary example, which requires both a type of internal model expansion process (adding novel hidden states that explain new observations), and a model reduction process (merging different states into one underlying cause and thus reducing model complexity via meta-learning). Although various algorithmic models of concept learning have been proposed within machine learning and cognitive science, many are limited to various degrees by an inability to generalize, the need for very large amounts of training data, and/or insufficiently established biological plausibility. Using concept learning as an example case, we introduce a novel approach for modeling structure learning-and specifically state-space expansion and reduction-within the active inference framework and its accompanying neural process theory. Our aim is to demonstrate its potential to facilitate a novel line of active inference research in this area. The approach we lay out is based on the idea that a generative model can be equipped with extra (hidden state or cause) "slots" that can be engaged when an agent learns about novel concepts. This can be combined with a Bayesian model reduction process, in which any concept learning-associated with these slots-can be reset in favor of a simpler model with higher model evidence. We use simulations to illustrate this model's ability to add new concepts to its state space (with relatively few observations) and increase the granularity of the concepts it currently possesses. We also simulate the predicted neural basis of these processes. We further show that it can accomplish a simple form of "one-shot" generalization to new stimuli. Although deliberately simple, these simulation results highlight ways in which active inference could offer useful resources in developing neurocomputational models of structure learning. They provide a template for how future active inference research could apply this approach to real-world structure learning problems and assess the added utility it may offer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Smith
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, United States
| | - Philipp Schwartenbeck
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Parr
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Karl J. Friston
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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41
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Aberg KC, Kramer EE, Schwartz S. Interplay between midbrain and dorsal anterior cingulate regions arbitrates lingering reward effects on memory encoding. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1829. [PMID: 32286275 PMCID: PMC7156375 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15542-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Rewarding events enhance memory encoding via dopaminergic influences on hippocampal plasticity. Phasic dopamine release depends on immediate reward magnitude, but presumably also on tonic dopamine levels, which may vary as a function of the average accumulation of reward over time. Using model-based fMRI in combination with a novel associative memory task, we show that immediate reward magnitude exerts a monotonically increasing influence on the nucleus accumbens, ventral tegmental area (VTA), and hippocampal activity during encoding, and enhances memory. By contrast, average reward levels modulate feedback-related responses in the VTA and hippocampus in a non-linear (inverted U-shape) fashion, with similar effects on memory performance. Additionally, the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) monotonically tracks average reward levels, while VTA-dACC functional connectivity is non-linearly modulated (inverted U-shape) by average reward. We propose that the dACC computes the net behavioral impact of average reward and relays this information to memory circuitry via the VTA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emily Elizabeth Kramer
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sophie Schwartz
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Geneva Neuroscience Center, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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42
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Prehn-Kristensen A, Ngo HVV, Lentfer L, Berghäuser J, Brandes L, Schulze L, Göder R, Mölle M, Baving L. Acoustic closed-loop stimulation during sleep improves consolidation of reward-related memory information in healthy children but not in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Sleep 2020; 43:5731400. [DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsaa017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Study Objectives
Slow oscillations (SO) during slow-wave sleep foster the consolidation of declarative memory. Children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) display deficits in the sleep-associated consolidation of declarative memory, possibly due to an altered function of SO. The present study aimed at enhancing SO activity using closed-looped acoustic stimulation during slow-wave sleep in children with ADHD.
Methods
A total of 29 male children (14 with ADHD; aged 8–12 years) participated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study trial. Children spent two experimental nights in a sleep lab, one stimulation night and one sham night. A declarative learning task (word-pair learning) with a reward condition was used as a primary outcome. Secondary outcome variables were a procedural memory (serial reaction time) and working memory (WM; n-back) task. Encoding of declarative and procedural memory took place in the evening before sleep. After sleep, the retrieval took place followed by the n-back task.
Results
The stimulation successfully induced SO activity during sleep in children with and without ADHD. After stimulation, only healthy children performed better on high-rewarded memory items (primary outcome). In contrast, there were indications that only children with ADHD benefitted from the stimulation with respect to procedural as well as WM performance (secondary outcome).
Conclusions
We were able to show that the acoustic closed-loop stimulation can be applied to enhance SO activity in children with and without ADHD. Our data indicate that SO activity during sleep interacts with subsequent memory performance (primary outcome: rewarded declarative memory; secondary outcome: procedural and WM) in children with and without ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Prehn-Kristensen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Center for Integrative Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Hong-Viet V Ngo
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Luisa Lentfer
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Center for Integrative Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Julia Berghäuser
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Center for Integrative Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
- Faculty of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lena Brandes
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Center for Integrative Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Larissa Schulze
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Center for Integrative Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Robert Göder
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Center for Integrative Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Matthias Mölle
- Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Lioba Baving
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Center for Integrative Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
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43
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Frau R, Traccis F, Bortolato M. Neurobehavioural complications of sleep deprivation: Shedding light on the emerging role of neuroactive steroids. J Neuroendocrinol 2020; 32:e12792. [PMID: 31505075 PMCID: PMC6982588 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Sleep deprivation (SD) is associated with a broad spectrum of cognitive and behavioural complications, including emotional lability and enhanced stress reactivity, as well as deficits in executive functions, decision making and impulse control. These impairments, which have profound negative consequences on the health and productivity of many individuals, reflect alterations of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and its connectivity with subcortical regions. However, the molecular underpinnings of these alterations remain elusive. Our group and others have begun examining how the neurobehavioural outcomes of SD may be influenced by neuroactive steroids, a family of molecules deeply implicated in sleep regulation and the stress response. These studies have revealed that, similar to other stressors, acute SD leads to increased synthesis of the neurosteroid allopregnanolone in the PFC. Whereas this up-regulation is likely aimed at counterbalancing the detrimental impact of oxidative stress induced by SD, the increase in prefrontal allopregnanolone levels contributes to deficits in sensorimotor gating and impulse control, signalling a functional impairment of PFC. This scenario suggests that the synthesis of neuroactive steroids during acute SD may be enacted as a neuroprotective response in the PFC; however, such compensation may in turn set off neurobehavioural complications by interfering with the corticolimbic connections responsible for executive functions and emotional regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Frau
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, Monserrato (CA), Italy
- National Institute of Neuroscience (INN), University of Cagliari, Monserrato (CA), Italy
| | - Francesco Traccis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, Monserrato (CA), Italy
| | - Marco Bortolato
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (UT), USA
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44
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Reward does not facilitate visual perceptual learning until sleep occurs. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 117:959-968. [PMID: 31892542 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1913079117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
A growing body of evidence indicates that visual perceptual learning (VPL) is enhanced by reward provided during training. Another line of studies has shown that sleep following training also plays a role in facilitating VPL, an effect known as the offline performance gain of VPL. However, whether the effects of reward and sleep interact on VPL remains unclear. Here, we show that reward interacts with sleep to facilitate offline performance gains of VPL. First, we demonstrated a significantly larger offline performance gain over a 12-h interval including sleep in a reward group than that in a no-reward group. However, the offline performance gains over the 12-h interval without sleep were not significantly different with or without reward during training, indicating a crucial interaction between reward and sleep in VPL. Next, we tested whether neural activations during posttraining sleep were modulated after reward was provided during training. Reward provided during training enhanced rapid eye movement (REM) sleep time, increased oscillatory activities for reward processing in the prefrontal region during REM sleep, and inhibited neural activation in the untrained region in early visual areas in non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and REM sleep. The offline performance gains were significantly correlated with oscillatory activities of visual processing during NREM sleep and reward processing during REM sleep in the reward group but not in the no-reward group. These results suggest that reward provided during training becomes effective during sleep, with excited reward processing sending inhibitory signals to suppress noise in visual processing, resulting in larger offline performance gains over sleep.
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Kessler L, Kessler RJ. Neuropsychoanalytic Explorations: Linking Practice, Theory, and Research. PSYCHOANALYTIC INQUIRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/07351690.2019.1671079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Ahrens AM, Ahmed OJ. Neural circuits linking sleep and addiction: Animal models to understand why select individuals are more vulnerable to substance use disorders after sleep deprivation. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 108:435-444. [PMID: 31756346 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Individuals differ widely in their drug-craving behaviors. One reason for these differences involves sleep. Sleep disturbances lead to an increased risk of substance use disorders and relapse in only some individuals. While animal studies have examined the impact of sleep on reward circuitry, few have addressed the role of individual differences in the effects of altered sleep. There does, however, exist a rodent model of individual differences in reward-seeking behavior: the sign/goal-tracker model of Pavlovian conditioned approach. In this model, only some rats show the key behavioral traits associated with addiction, including impulsivity and poor attentional control, making this an ideal model system to examine individually distinct sleep-reward interactions. Here, we describe how the limbic neural circuits responsible for individual differences in incentive motivation overlap with those involved in sleep-wake regulation, and how this model can elucidate the common underlying mechanisms. Consideration of individual differences in preclinical models would improve our understanding of how sleep interacts with motivational systems, and why sleep deprivation contributes to addiction in only select individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Omar J Ahmed
- Dept. of Psychology, United States; Neuroscience Graduate Program, United States; Michigan Center for Integrative Research in Critical Care, United States; Kresge Hearing Research Institute, United States; Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States.
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Sterpenich V, Perogamvros L, Tononi G, Schwartz S. Fear in dreams and in wakefulness: Evidence for day/night affective homeostasis. Hum Brain Mapp 2019; 41:840-850. [PMID: 31663236 PMCID: PMC7267911 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent neuroscientific theories have proposed that emotions experienced in dreams contribute to the resolution of emotional distress and preparation for future affective reactions. We addressed one emerging prediction, namely that experiencing fear in dreams is associated with more adapted responses to threatening signals during wakefulness. Using a stepwise approach across two studies, we identified brain regions activated when experiencing fear in dreams and showed that frightening dreams modulated the response of these same regions to threatening stimuli during wakefulness. Specifically, in Study 1, we performed serial awakenings in 18 participants recorded throughout the night with high‐density electroencephalography (EEG) and asked them whether they experienced any fear in their dreams. Insula and midcingulate cortex activity increased for dreams containing fear. In Study 2, we tested 89 participants and found that those reporting higher incidence of fear in their dreams showed reduced emotional arousal and fMRI response to fear‐eliciting stimuli in the insula, amygdala and midcingulate cortex, while awake. Consistent with better emotion regulation processes, the same participants displayed increased medial prefrontal cortex activity. These findings support that emotions in dreams and wakefulness engage similar neural substrates, and substantiate a link between emotional processes occurring during sleep and emotional brain functions during wakefulness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Sterpenich
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Lampros Perogamvros
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Center for Sleep Medicine, Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.,Wisconsin Institute for Sleep and Consciousness, Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Giulio Tononi
- Wisconsin Institute for Sleep and Consciousness, Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Sophie Schwartz
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Association between REM sleep behavior disorder and impulsive-compulsive behaviors in Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. J Neurol 2019; 267:331-340. [PMID: 31637489 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-019-09588-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) and impulsive-compulsive behaviors (ICBs) are well-recognized non-motor features in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Studies have given contradictory results about the potential association between RBD and ICBs. METHODS PubMed, Embase (via Ovid), and the Cochrane Central Registry of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) databases were systematically searched till August 20, 2019 to identify studies that explored the possible correlation between RBD and ICBs in patients with PD. Two authors independently screened records, extracted data and evaluated quality of included studies. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by employing a random or fixed-effects model. We performed subgroup and sensitivity analyses, and we assessed potential publication bias. RESULTS A total of 134 references were screened and 10 studies involving 2781 PD patients were included. Overall, RBD was associated with a more than twofold higher risk of developing ICBs (OR 2.12, 95% CI 1.43-3.14, I2 = 56.7%, P < 0.01). Similar results were obtained in sensitivity analyses and in meta-analyses of subgroups stratified based on multivariable adjustment and methods for diagnosing RBD and ICBs. No significant risk of publication bias was found. CONCLUSION RBD in PD is confirmed to be a risk factor for ICBs. Clinicians should be aware of this association to help them improve patient management.
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Scarpelli S, Bartolacci C, D'Atri A, Gorgoni M, De Gennaro L. Mental Sleep Activity and Disturbing Dreams in the Lifespan. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E3658. [PMID: 31569467 PMCID: PMC6801786 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16193658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Sleep significantly changes across the lifespan, and several studies underline its crucial role in cognitive functioning. Similarly, mental activity during sleep tends to covary with age. This review aims to analyze the characteristics of dreaming and disturbing dreams at different age brackets. On the one hand, dreams may be considered an expression of brain maturation and cognitive development, showing relations with memory and visuo-spatial abilities. Some investigations reveal that specific electrophysiological patterns, such as frontal theta oscillations, underlie dreams during sleep, as well as episodic memories in the waking state, both in young and older adults. On the other hand, considering the role of dreaming in emotional processing and regulation, the available literature suggests that mental sleep activity could have a beneficial role when stressful events occur at different age ranges. We highlight that nightmares and bad dreams might represent an attempt to cope the adverse events, and the degrees of cognitive-brain maturation could impact on these mechanisms across the lifespan. Future investigations are necessary to clarify these relations. Clinical protocols could be designed to improve cognitive functioning and emotional regulation by modifying the dream contents or the ability to recall/non-recall them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Scarpelli
- Department of Psychology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Via dei Marsi, 78, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Chiara Bartolacci
- Department of Psychology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Via dei Marsi, 78, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Aurora D'Atri
- Department of Psychology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Via dei Marsi, 78, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Maurizio Gorgoni
- Department of Psychology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Via dei Marsi, 78, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Luigi De Gennaro
- Department of Psychology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Via dei Marsi, 78, 00185 Rome, Italy.
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00142 Rome, Italy.
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Mansouri MT, Fidler JA, Meng QC, Eckenhoff RG, García PS. Sex effects on behavioral markers of emergence from propofol and isoflurane anesthesia in rats. Behav Brain Res 2019; 367:59-67. [PMID: 30898682 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Clinical studies have demonstrated sex-related differences in recovery from surgical anesthesia. This study aimed to characterize the emergence pattern following two anesthesia regimens in both sexes of rats. We considered six different markers of emergence from anesthesia: sigh, eye blinking, forelimb movement, mastication, neck extension, and recovery of the righting reflex (RORR). Spontaneous motor activity 24 h after the anesthesia induction was also examined. Our results showed that the rank order of the emergence latency after intraperitoneal propofol, PRO, exposure was forelimb movement < sigh < blink < mastication < neck extension < RORR, while after inhaled isoflurane, ISO, anesthesia the sequence was changed as sigh < blink < mastication < forelimb movement < neck extension < RORR in both male and female rats. Moreover, the latency to emergence after PRO in female rats was significantly higher than male rats, although following ISO there was no difference between the sexes (P < 0.001; P > 0.05, respectively). Open-field testing revealed no difference in PRO and ISO spontaneous locomotor activity due to drug administration (P > 0.05). These two anesthetics presented different emergence sequences. Although clinical data suggests that females arouse faster than males from anesthesia with propofol, our intraperitoneal technique in a rodent model had the opposite effect. Pharmacokinetic analysis demonstrated increased absorption of injected propofol for the female rats in our study, emphasizing the role of sexual dimorphism in drug distribution in rodents. Despite these pharmacokinetic differences, the pharmacodynamic effects of the drugs were remarkably consistent among both sexes through emergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Taghi Mansouri
- Neuroanesthesia Laboratory, Atlanta VA Medical Center/Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan A Fidler
- Neuroanesthesia Laboratory, Atlanta VA Medical Center/Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Qing Cheng Meng
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Roderic G Eckenhoff
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Paul S García
- Neuroanesthesia Laboratory, Atlanta VA Medical Center/Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
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