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Mellick W, McTeague L, Hix S, Anton R, Prisciandaro JJ. Blunted reward-related activation to food scenes distinguishes individuals with alcohol use disorder in a pilot case-control fMRI pilot study. ALCOHOL, CLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH 2024. [PMID: 39312084 DOI: 10.1111/acer.15419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 10/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is thought to bias the neurocircuitry underlying reward processing and motivation to preferentially attend to conditioned alcohol cues over natural rewards. The present case-control pilot study evaluated this hypothesis using novel natural reward paradigms. METHODS Twenty-eight participants (AUD, n = 14, light drinkers, n = 14) were recruited-AUD participants reported 44.0% heavy drinking days (%HDD) and 4.67 drinks/day over the preceding 90 days. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data were acquired during the administration of three separate picture-viewing paradigms of alcohol cues, food scenes, and social reward, respectively. Independent samples t-tests were performed to compare groups' fMRI data and exploratory correlation analyses were performed to examine associations with clinical characteristics of AUD. RESULTS Food scenes elicited abnormally low reward-related activation, within the superior frontal gyrus and caudate bilaterally, among AUD participants. Lower activation to food scenes within the superior frontal gyrus was, in turn, associated with higher levels of past-month %HDD among AUD participants, specifically, along with craving and alcohol dependence severity when examined across the full sample. Contrasting reward types (e.g., alcohol cues vs. food scenes) did not reveal "preferential" activation to differentiate groups. CONCLUSIONS Heavy drinking appears associated with reduced responsivity to natural rewards, specifically food rather than social cues. Neural mechanisms underlying the high prevalence of malnutrition among individuals with AUD may involve some combination of blunted approach-related affect and reduced craving-related motivation to eat when food is present, resulting in limited engagement of cortico-striato-thalamic motor circuitry supporting food acquisition. However, given the preliminary nature of this pilot study, such formulations remain tentative until larger follow-up studies can be conducted. From a potential translational standpoint, the ability of promising therapeutics to demonstrate increased responsivity to natural rewards, specifically nutritive reward may serve as a valuable complementary efficacy indicator for future clinical neuroimaging trials in AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Mellick
- Addiction Sciences Division, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Lisa McTeague
- Addiction Sciences Division, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
- Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Sara Hix
- Addiction Sciences Division, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Raymond Anton
- Addiction Sciences Division, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - James J Prisciandaro
- Addiction Sciences Division, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
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Hussain M, Dunsmore N, Ung L, Mantzios M. Self-compassion and reasons individuals stop eating: An exploratory investigation. Nutr Health 2024:2601060241266387. [PMID: 39215527 DOI: 10.1177/02601060241266387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Self-compassion is a prevalent factor that has been explored in eating behaviour and weight loss literature. The present study explored the potential relationship between self-compassion and reasons individuals stop eating. METHOD Two hundred and eighty-three participants were recruited from social media platforms and a research participation scheme at a university in the West Midlands, UK, and completed questionnaires on self-compassion and reasons individuals stop eating. RESULTS The findings suggested that self-compassion was negatively associated with decreased food appeal, self-consciousness, and decreased food priority, whilst being positively associated with physical satisfaction. CONCLUSION Self-compassion plays a prevalent role in the reasons individuals stop eating, and future research should continue exploring the effect of self-compassion on eating behaviour regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misba Hussain
- Department of Psychology, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Natasha Dunsmore
- Department of Psychology, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Lucy Ung
- Department of Psychology, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Michail Mantzios
- Department of Psychology, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, UK
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Callan L, Caroland-Williams A, Lee G, Belflower J, Belflower J, Modi U, Kase C, Patel A, Collins N, Datta A, Qasi S, Gheidi A. After a period of forced abstinence, rats treated with the norepinephrine neurotoxin DSP-4 still exhibit preserved food-seeking behavior and prefrontal cortex fos-expressing neurons. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32146. [PMID: 39027623 PMCID: PMC11255514 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Aims Relapse is a common characteristic of compulsive behaviors like addiction, where individuals tend to return to drug use or overeating after a period of abstinence. PFC (prefrontal cortex) neuronal ensembles are required for drug and food-seeking behaviors and are partially regulated by Norepinephrine (NE). However, the contributions of neuromodulators, such as the adrenergic system, in food-seeking behavior are not fully understood. Main methods To investigate this, we trained male and female rats to press a lever in an operant chamber to obtain banana-flavored food pellets for ten days. We then administered DSP-4 (N-(2-chloroethyl)-N-ethyl-2-bromobenzylamine hydrochloride), a neurotoxin that diminishes norepinephrine levels in the brain. The rats were kept in their home cages for ten more days before being returned to the operant chambers to measure food-seeking behavior. Key findings Despite receiving DSP-4, the PFC neuronal ensembles measured by Fos and food-seeking behavior did not differ between groups, but rather sex. Significance Although both NE and Fos expressing neurons are implicated in food-seeking, they do not seem to be involved in a cue-contextual induced re-exposure response.
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Affiliation(s)
- L.N. Callan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, 1501 Mercer University Drive, Macon, GA, 31207, USA
| | - A.J. Caroland-Williams
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, 1501 Mercer University Drive, Macon, GA, 31207, USA
| | - G. Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, 1501 Mercer University Drive, Macon, GA, 31207, USA
| | - J.M. Belflower
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, 1501 Mercer University Drive, Macon, GA, 31207, USA
| | - J.T. Belflower
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, 1501 Mercer University Drive, Macon, GA, 31207, USA
| | - U.A. Modi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, 1501 Mercer University Drive, Macon, GA, 31207, USA
| | - C.V. Kase
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, 1501 Mercer University Drive, Macon, GA, 31207, USA
| | - A.D. Patel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, 1501 Mercer University Drive, Macon, GA, 31207, USA
| | - N.A. Collins
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, 1501 Mercer University Drive, Macon, GA, 31207, USA
| | - A. Datta
- Lincoln Memorial University DeBusk College of Osteopathic Medicine, Harrogate, TN, USA
| | - S. Qasi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, 1501 Mercer University Drive, Macon, GA, 31207, USA
| | - A. Gheidi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, 1501 Mercer University Drive, Macon, GA, 31207, USA
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Ratko M, Crljen V, Tkalčić M, Mažuranić A, Bubalo P, Škavić P, Banovac I, Dugandžić A. Expression of guanylate cyclase C in human prefrontal cortex depends on sex and feeding status. Front Mol Neurosci 2024; 17:1361089. [PMID: 38840774 PMCID: PMC11150535 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2024.1361089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Guanylate cyclase C (GC-C) has been detected in the rodent brain in neurons of the cerebral cortex, amygdala, midbrain, hypothalamus, and cerebellum. Methods In this study we determined GC-C protein expression in Brodmann areas (BA) 9, BA10, BA11, and BA32 of the human prefrontal cortex involved in regulation of feeding behavior, as well as in the cerebellar cortex, arcuate nucleus of hypothalamus and substantia nigra in brain samples of human 21 male and 13 female brains by ELISA with postmortem delay < 24 h. Results GC-C was found in all tested brain areas and it was expressed in neurons of the third cortical layer of BA9. The regulation of GC-C expression by feeding was found in male BA11 and BA10-M, where GC-C expression was in negative correlation to the volume of stomach content during autopsy. In female BA11 there was no correlation detected, while in BA10-M there was even positive correlation. This suggests sex differences in GC-C expression regulation in BA11 and BA10-M. The amount of GC-C was higher in female BA9 only when the death occurred shortly after a meal, while expression of GC-C was higher in BA10-O only when the stomach was empty. The expression of GC-C in female hypothalamus was lower when compared to male hypothalamus only when the stomach was full, suggesting possibly lower satiety effects of GC-C agonists in women. Discussion These results point toward the possible role of GC-C in regulation of feeding behavior. Since, this is first study of GC-C regulation and its possible function in prefrontal cortex, to determine exact role of GC-C in different region of prefrontal cortex, especially in humans, need further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Ratko
- Laboratory for Cellular Neurophysiology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Centre of Excellence for Basic, Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vladiana Crljen
- Laboratory for Cellular Neurophysiology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Centre of Excellence for Basic, Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Martina Tkalčić
- Institute for Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Anton Mažuranić
- Institute for Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Pero Bubalo
- Institute for Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Petar Škavić
- Institute for Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivan Banovac
- Department of Anatomy and Clinical Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Aleksandra Dugandžić
- Laboratory for Cellular Neurophysiology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Centre of Excellence for Basic, Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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5
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Mao T, Rao H. Mild sleep loss impacts food cue processing in adolescent brain. Sleep 2024; 47:zsad074. [PMID: 38213061 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsad074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tianxin Mao
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Imaging Research and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain-Machine Intelligence for Information Behavior, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, China
- Center for Functional Neuroimaging, Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hengyi Rao
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Imaging Research and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain-Machine Intelligence for Information Behavior, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, China
- Center for Functional Neuroimaging, Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Fuchs BA, Pearce AL, Rolls BJ, Wilson SJ, Rose EJ, Geier CF, Garavan H, Keller KL. The Cerebellar Response to Visual Portion Size Cues Is Associated with the Portion Size Effect in Children. Nutrients 2024; 16:738. [PMID: 38474866 DOI: 10.3390/nu16050738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The neural mechanisms underlying susceptibility to eating more in response to large portions (i.e., the portion size effect) remain unclear. Thus, the present study examined how neural responses to portion size relate to changes in weight and energy consumed as portions increase. Associations were examined across brain regions traditionally implicated in appetite control (i.e., an appetitive network) as well as the cerebellum, which has recently been implicated in appetite-related processes. Children without obesity (i.e., BMI-for-age-and-sex percentile < 90; N = 63; 55% female) viewed images of larger and smaller portions of food during fMRI and, in separate sessions, ate four meals that varied in portion size. Individual-level linear and quadratic associations between intake (kcal, grams) and portion size (i.e., portion size slopes) were estimated. The response to portion size in cerebellar lobules IV-VI was associated with the quadratic portion size slope estimated from gram intake; a greater response to images depicting smaller compared to larger portions was associated with steeper increases in intake with increasing portion sizes. Within the appetitive network, neural responses were not associated with portion size slopes. A decreased cerebellar response to larger amounts of food may increase children's susceptibility to overeating when excessively large portions are served.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bari A Fuchs
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Alaina L Pearce
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Barbara J Rolls
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Stephen J Wilson
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Emma J Rose
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Charles F Geier
- Human Development and Family Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 31793, USA
| | - Hugh Garavan
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Kathleen L Keller
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Department of Food Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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7
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Alabdulkader S, Al-Alsheikh AS, Miras AD, Goldstone AP. Obesity surgery and neural correlates of human eating behaviour: A systematic review of functional MRI studies. Neuroimage Clin 2024; 41:103563. [PMID: 38237270 PMCID: PMC10828606 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2024.103563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Changes in eating behaviour including reductions in appetite and food intake, and healthier food cue reactivity, reward, hedonics and potentially also preference, contribute to weight loss and its health benefits after obesity surgery. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has been increasingly used to interrogate the neural correlates of eating behaviour in obesity, including brain reward-cognitive systems, changes after obesity surgery, and links with alterations in the gut-hormone-brain axis. Neural responses to food cues can be measured by changes in blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signal in brain regions involved in reward processing, including caudate, putamen, nucleus accumbens, insula, amygdala, orbitofrontal cortex, and top-down inhibitory control, including dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC). This systematic review aimed to examine: (i) results of human fMRI studies involving obesity surgery, (ii) important methodological differences in study design across studies, and (iii) correlations and associations of fMRI findings with clinical outcomes, other eating behaviour measures and mechanistic measures. Of 741 articles identified, 23 were eligible for inclusion: 16 (69.6%) longitudinal, two (8.7%) predictive, and five (21.7%) cross-sectional studies. Seventeen studies (77.3%) included patients having Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery, six (26.1%) vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG), and five (21.7%) laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB). The majority of studies (86.0%) were identified as having a very low risk of bias, though only six (27.3%) were controlled interventional studies, with none including randomisation to surgical and control interventions. The remaining studies (14.0%) had a low risk of bias driven by their control groups not having an active treatment. After RYGB surgery, food cue reactivity often decreased or was unchanged in brain reward systems, and there were inconsistent findings as to whether reductions in food cue reactivity was greater for high-energy than low-energy foods. There was minimal evidence from studies of VSG and LAGB surgeries for changes in food cue reactivity in brain reward systems, though effects of VSG surgery on food cue reactivity in the dlPFC were more consistently found. There was consistent evidence for post-operative increases in satiety gut hormones glucagon-like-peptide 1 (GLP-1) and peptide YY (PYY) mediating reduced food cue reactivity after RYGB surgery, including two interventional studies. Methodological heterogeneity across studies, including nutritional state, nature of food cues, post-operative timing, lack of control groups for order effects and weight loss or dietary/psychological advice, and often small sample sizes, limited the conclusions that could be drawn, especially for correlational analyses with clinical outcomes, other eating behaviour measures and potential mediators. This systematic review provides a detailed data resource for those performing or analysing fMRI studies of obesity surgery and makes suggestions to help improve reporting and design of such studies, as well as future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahd Alabdulkader
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, PO Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia; Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 0NN, UK.
| | - Alhanouf S Al-Alsheikh
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 0NN, UK; Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Alexander D Miras
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 0NN, UK; Ulster University, School of Medicine, Faculty of Life & Health Sciences, Londonderry, Northern Ireland BT48 7JL, UK.
| | - Anthony P Goldstone
- PsychoNeuroEndocrinology Research Group, Division of Psychiatry, Department of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 0NN, UK.
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Brennan A, Benton D, Gaylor C, Young HA. The role of interoception in age-related obesity: A structural equation modelling study. Appetite 2023; 191:107045. [PMID: 37741343 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.107045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
The obesity pandemic and its adverse effect on health and quality of life are well established. In younger populations, interoception and aberrant eating behaviour contribute to overconsumption and being overweight. Although the incidence of obesity is higher in older individuals, they remain under-researched in the obesity literature. Therefore, the present study considered the role of general (interoceptive sensibility) and appetite-specific (hunger drive and satiety responsiveness) interoception and obesogenic eating behaviour (food responsivity, emotional eating, enjoyment of eating) in the association between age and BMI. A total of 1006 female adults (aged 18 to 80) completed the Adult Eating Behaviour Questionnaire and the Interoceptive Attention and Accuracy scales. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) in AMOS was used to explore the data for multiple serial mediation effects. Despite being more overweight, older adults reported lower interoceptive attention, hunger drive, emotional overeating, food responsivity, and enjoyment of food. In contrast, compared to younger adults, older adults reported a higher interoceptive accuracy, and a similar responsivity to satiety. Importantly, two indirect pathways positively mediated the link between age and BMI: (1) age ➤(-)➤ interoceptive attention ➤(+)➤ satiety responsivity ➤(-)➤ emotional eating ➤(+)➤ BMI and (2) age ➤(-)➤ interoceptive attention ➤(+)➤ satiety responsivity ➤(-)➤ food responsivity ➤(+)➤ BMI. However, a stronger antagonistic indirect pathway was also present: age ➤(-)➤ interoceptive attention ➤(+)➤ hunger drive ➤(+)➤ emotional eating ➤(+)➤ BMI. The present findings suggested that overall reduced interoceptive attention in older adults may protect against weight gain by lowering hunger and the propensity towards obesogenic eating behaviours. These findings have implications for the design of appetite interventions in older populations.
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9
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Anderson KC, Hasan F, Grammer EE, Kranz S. Endogenous Ghrelin Levels and Perception of Hunger: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Adv Nutr 2023; 14:1226-1236. [PMID: 37536563 PMCID: PMC10509419 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ghrelin is an orexigenic hormone primarily released by the stomach and has 2 isoforms: acylated ghrelin (AG) and de-acylated ghrelin (DAG), that appear to have different functions in humans. OBJECTIVES To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between plasma concentrations of total ghrelin (TG), AG, and DAG and perceptions of hunger in healthy adults. METHODS The following criteria were used for inclusion: 1) sample contained adults ≥18 y of age, 2) body mass index [BMI kg/m2] was ≥18.5, 3) ghrelin was sampled through blood, 4) subjective hunger was measured on a validated scale, 5) study reported a Pearson product correlation of ghrelin or had relevant figure(s) for data extraction, 6) participants were healthy with no overt disease, 7) protocols contained no physical activity or weight loss medication that suppressed appetite, 8) interventions were conducted without environmental manipulations. Moderators assessed were age, BMI, percentage of body fat (%BF), macronutrient content of test meals, energy intake (kcals), sex, and ghrelin isoform (AG, DAG, or TG). RESULTS The analysis included 47 studies (110 trials, n = 1799, age: 31.4 ± 12.0 y, BMI: 26.0 ± 4.75 kg/m2) and measured AG (n = 47 trials), DAG (n = 12 trials), and TG (n = 51 trials). The overall model indicated that ghrelin concentrations and perceptions of hunger were moderately correlated (r = 0.43, P < 0.001), and ghrelin isoform significantly moderated this relationship (AG: r = 0.60, P < 0.001; TG: r = 0.215, P = 0.01; DAG: r = 0.53, P = 0.695). Other significant moderators included age (b = -0.02, P = 0.01), BMI (b = -0.03, P = 0.05), %BF (b = -0.03, P = 0.05), energy intake (b = 0.0003, P = 0.04), and percentage of carbohydrates of test meals (b = 0.008, P = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Ghrelin is associated with perceptions of hunger in humans, and this relationship is strengthened when AG is isolated; thus, AG may have a large impact on hunger signals in various populations. Future research should attempt to understand the role of DAG in hunger sensations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara C Anderson
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Education and Human Development, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Faten Hasan
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Education and Human Development, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Emily E Grammer
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Education and Human Development, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Sibylle Kranz
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Education and Human Development, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States.
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10
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de Klerk MT, Smeets PAM, la Fleur SE. Inhibitory control as a potential treatment target for obesity. Nutr Neurosci 2023; 26:429-444. [PMID: 35343884 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2022.2053406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Strong reward responsiveness to food and insufficient inhibitory control are thought to be implicated in the development and maintenance of obesity. This narrative review addresses the role of inhibitory control in obesity and weight loss, and in how far inhibitory control is a promising target for weight loss interventions. METHODS PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched for papers up to May 2021. 41 papers were included. RESULTS Individuals with obesity have poorer food-specific inhibitory control, particularly when hungry, and less concurrent activation of inhibitory brain areas. Moreover, this was strongly predictive of future weight gain. More activation of inhibitory brain areas, on the other hand, was predictive of weight loss: individuals with successful weight loss initially show inhibitory brain activity comparable to that of normal weight individuals. When successful weight maintenance is achieved for at least 1 year, this inhibitory activity is further increased. Interventions targeting inhibitory control in obese individuals have divergent effects. Firstly, food-specific inhibitory control training is particularly effective for people with low inhibitory control and high BMI. Secondly, neuromodulation paradigms are rather heterogeneous: although rTMS to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex induced some weight-loss, multiple sessions of tDCS reduced food consumption (desire) and induced weight loss in two thirds of the papers. Thirdly, neurofeedback results in successful upregulation of brain activity and connectivity, but occasionally leads to increased food intake. In conclusion, inhibitory control is implicated in obesity. It can be targeted to promote weight loss although major weight losses have not been achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T de Klerk
- Image Sciences Institute, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Neurobiology of Energy Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P A M Smeets
- Image Sciences Institute, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - S E la Fleur
- Neurobiology of Energy Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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11
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Poghosyan V, Ioannou S, Al-Amri KM, Al-Mashhadi SA, Al-Mohammed F, Al-Otaibi T, Al-Saeed W. Spatiotemporal profile of altered neural reactivity to food images in obesity: Reward system is altered automatically and predicts efficacy of weight loss intervention. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:948063. [PMID: 36845430 PMCID: PMC9944082 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.948063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Obesity presents a significant public health problem. Brain plays a central role in etiology and maintenance of obesity. Prior neuroimaging studies have found that individuals with obesity exhibit altered neural responses to images of food within the brain reward system and related brain networks. However, little is known about the dynamics of these neural responses or their relationship to later weight change. In particular, it is unknown if in obesity, the altered reward response to food images emerges early and automatically, or later, in the controlled stage of processing. It also remains unclear if the pretreatment reward system reactivity to food images is predictive of subsequent weight loss intervention outcome. Methods In this study, we presented high-calorie and low-calorie food, and nonfood images to individuals with obesity, who were then prescribed lifestyle changes, and matched normal-weight controls, and examined neural reactivity using magnetoencephalography (MEG). We performed whole-brain analysis to explore and characterize large-scale dynamics of brain systems affected in obesity, and tested two specific hypotheses: (1) in obese individuals, the altered reward system reactivity to food images occurs early and automatically, and (2) pretreatment reward system reactivity predicts the outcome of lifestyle weight loss intervention, with reduced activity associated with successful weight loss. Results We identified a distributed set of brain regions and their precise temporal dynamics that showed altered response patterns in obesity. Specifically, we found reduced neural reactivity to food images in brain networks of reward and cognitive control, and elevated reactivity in regions of attentional control and visual processing. The hypoactivity in reward system emerged early, in the automatic stage of processing (< 150 ms post-stimulus). Reduced reward and attention responsivity, and elevated neural cognitive control were predictive of weight loss after six months in treatment. Discussion In summary, we have identified, for the first time with high temporal resolution, the large-scale dynamics of brain reactivity to food images in obese versus normal-weight individuals, and have confirmed both our hypotheses. These findings have important implications for our understanding of neurocognition and eating behavior in obesity, and can facilitate development of novel integrated treatment strategies, including tailored cognitive-behavioral and pharmacological therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahe Poghosyan
- Department of Neurophysiology, National Neuroscience Institute, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,*Correspondence: Vahe Poghosyan,
| | - Stephanos Ioannou
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid M. Al-Amri
- Obesity, Endocrinology and Metabolism Center, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sufana A. Al-Mashhadi
- Research Unit, National Neuroscience Institute, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fedaa Al-Mohammed
- Department of Neurophysiology, National Neuroscience Institute, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tahani Al-Otaibi
- Department of Neurophysiology, National Neuroscience Institute, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wjoud Al-Saeed
- Research Unit, National Neuroscience Institute, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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12
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Legget KT, Cornier MA, Sarabia L, Delao EM, Mikulich-Gilbertson SK, Natvig C, Erpelding C, Mitchell T, Hild A, Kronberg E, Tregellas JR. Sex Differences in Effects of Mood, Eating-Related Behaviors, and BMI on Food Appeal and Desire to Eat: A Cross-Sectional Survey Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:762. [PMID: 36771467 PMCID: PMC9920270 DOI: 10.3390/nu15030762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Although sex differences in food intake have been observed consistently, contributing factors are not well understood. Using a cross-sectional online survey (n = 306; 151 men, 155 women), this study aimed to assess how sex impacts relationships between food ratings (appeal/desire to eat for high-calorie (HC) and low-calorie (LC) food images) and eating-related attitudes/behaviors, body mass index (BMI), and mood. Across participants, increased state- and trait-based hunger, disinhibition, and cravings were associated with both increased HC appeal and desire (p < 0.001). Increased state-based hunger and cravings were associated with greater LC desire (p < 0.001). Greater satiety was associated with decreased desire for both HC and LC (p < 0.001), while greater anxiety was associated with increased desire for both HC and LC (p < 0.001). Significant associations between BMI and food ratings were not observed. Women reported greater dietary restraint, trait-based hunger, disinhibition, eating disorder-related behaviors, depression, and stress compared to men, in addition to greater appeal and familiarity with LC foods (all p < 0.05). Significant effects of sex on the associations between food ratings and eating-related attitudes/behaviors, BMI, and mood were not observed, however. Findings support the importance of considering mood and eating-related attitudes/behaviors in investigations of food cue responsivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina T. Legget
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Research Service, Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Marc-Andre Cornier
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Lauren Sarabia
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Eve M. Delao
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Susan K. Mikulich-Gilbertson
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Crystal Natvig
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Christina Erpelding
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Tessa Mitchell
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Allison Hild
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Eugene Kronberg
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Jason R. Tregellas
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Research Service, Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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Anderson EC, Cantelon JA, Holmes A, Giles GE, Brunyé TT, Kanarek R. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to dorsolateral prefrontal cortex influences perceived pleasantness of food. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13275. [PMID: 36816290 PMCID: PMC9929296 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to regulate the intake of unhealthy foods is critical in modern, calorie dense food environments. Frontal areas of the brain, such as the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), are thought to play a central role in cognitive control and emotional regulation. Therefore, increasing activity in the DLPFC may enhance these functions which could improve the ability to reappraise and resist consuming highly palatable but unhealthy foods. One technique for modifying brain activity is transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), a non-invasive technique for modulating neuronal excitability that can influence performance on a range of cognitive tasks. We tested whether anodal tDCS targeting the right DLPFC would influence how people perceived highly palatable foods. In the present study, 98 participants were randomly assigned to receive a single session of active tDCS (2.0 mA) or sham stimulation. While receiving active or sham stimulation, participants viewed images of highly palatable foods and reported how pleasant it would be to eat each food (liking) and how strong their urge was to eat each food (wanting). We found that participants who received active versus sham tDCS stimulation perceived food as less pleasant, but there was no difference in how strong their urge was to eat the foods. Our findings suggest that modulating excitability in the DLPFC influences "liking" but not "wanting" of highly palatable foods. Non-invasive brain stimulation might be a useful technique for influencing the hedonic experience of eating but more work is needed to understand when and how it influences food cravings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric C. Anderson
- Center for Applied Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
- Center for Interdisciplinary Population and Health Research, MaineHealth Institute for Research, Portland, ME, 04101, USA
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Julie A. Cantelon
- Center for Applied Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
- Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
- Cognitive Science and Applications Team, DEVCOM Soldier Center, Natick, MA, 01760, USA
| | - Amanda Holmes
- Center for Applied Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Grace E. Giles
- Center for Applied Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
- Cognitive Science and Applications Team, DEVCOM Soldier Center, Natick, MA, 01760, USA
| | - Tad T. Brunyé
- Center for Applied Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
- Cognitive Science and Applications Team, DEVCOM Soldier Center, Natick, MA, 01760, USA
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14
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Xiao H, Song J, Han X, Ye Z, Serier KN, Belon KE, Loor JM, Smith JE, Cui T, He J. Assessing hedonic hunger among Chinese adults using the Power of Food Scale: Psychometric properties and cross-cultural invariance between China and the US. Eat Behav 2023; 48:101703. [PMID: 36681015 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2023.101703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Hedonic hunger refers to food consumption for pleasure without biological energy deficits. The Power of Food Scale (PFS) is a well-developed self-report instrument assessing hedonic hunger. The present study aimed to translate and validate the PFS into simplified Chinese (C-PFS) and examine its psychometric properties among Chinese adults. A total of 773 participants (51.1 % men, M age = 24.98 years, SD = 6.10) were recruited in the present study from college and community populations. Consistent with the previous studies, confirmatory factor analysis showed that the C-PFS had three factors: food present, food available, and food tasted. In addition, a Cronbach's alpha of 0.92 and an ICC of 0.86 suggested that the C-PFS has good internal consistency and test-retest reliability. In terms of convergent validity, the scores of C-PFS correlated significantly with disordered eating symptomatology and loss of control over eating. Measurement invariance tests showed that the C-PFS was invariant across gender and sample source groups in the Chinese sample. In addition, a U.S. sample of 490 college students (26.6 % men, M age = 21.41 years, SD = 5.45) was used to test the measurement invariance across countries, and results suggested a partial invariance across college students from China and those from the U.S. In conclusion, the C-PFS can be a useful tool for measuring hedonic hunger among adults in China, and there may be cultural differences in the measurement of the PFS in college students across China and the U.S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Xiao
- School of Humanities and Social Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 517182, China
| | - Jianwen Song
- Department of Educational Psychology, Baylor University Graduate School, United States of America
| | - Xinni Han
- School of Humanities and Social Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 517182, China
| | - Zhengyan Ye
- School of Humanities and Social Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 517182, China
| | - Kelsey N Serier
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, United States of America; National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System, United States of America
| | | | - Jamie M Loor
- University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, United States of America
| | - Jane Ellen Smith
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Tianxiang Cui
- School of Humanities and Social Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 517182, China
| | - Jinbo He
- School of Humanities and Social Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 517182, China.
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15
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Nguyen TH, Ta NT, Dang AK, Nguyen TT, Dam VAT, Latkin CA, Ho CSH, Ho RCM. A longitudinal assessment of appetite loss and nutritional care among postoperative patients in Vietnam. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1008636. [PMID: 37032772 PMCID: PMC10076707 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1008636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Post-operative appetite loss is an important complication affecting surgical outcomes. It has been estimated that nearly 60% of patients having gastrointestinal or major elective surgeries suffer from malnutrition. Appetite refers to the physical desire for food appetite, and losing appetite after surgery may result in a decrease in body weight, impairment of intestinal absorption and eventually, malnutrition among postoperative patients. This study aims to assess appetite status and other relevant factors among abdominal postoperative patients in Vietnam. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on 169 abdominal postoperative patients from June 1st to August 30th, 2016 at Hanoi Medical University Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam. Appetite score was computed by using the Council on Nutrition Appetite Questionnaire (CNAQ). This study used GEE to account for the potential correlation of outcomes of the longitudinal assessment, assuming an independent correlation structure. Results The primary and secondary outcome measures: highest average appetite score was recorded in the preoperative day and the score declined throughout seven-day duration. Patients who were female, under general anesthetics and being under open surgery tended to get lower appetite scores. The majority of patients had moderate to good appetite in both the preoperative day and seven days post-operation. Conclusion Women should receive more care and help in regaining their appetite after surgery. Treatment for appetite loss through non-pharmaceutical measures should be prioritized. Interventions that increase the appetite of patients after abdominal surgery should be targeted on patients being under general anesthetic as well as open surgery and be undertaken with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tu Huu Nguyen
- Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyet Thi Ta
- Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Anh Kim Dang
- Institute for Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Tham Thi Nguyen
- Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Danang, Vietnam
- Faculty of Medicine, Duy Tan University, Danang, Vietnam
| | - Vu Anh Trong Dam
- Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Danang, Vietnam
- Faculty of Medicine, Duy Tan University, Danang, Vietnam
- *Correspondence: Vu Anh Trong Dam,
| | - Carl A. Latkin
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Cyrus S. H. Ho
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Roger C. M. Ho
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Institute for Health Innovation and Technology (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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16
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Torelli A, Tobia V, Erzegovesi S, Gambarini A, Ogliari AL. Validation of the Italian version of the Power of Food Scale in the adult population. Eat Weight Disord 2022; 27:3561-3567. [PMID: 36307635 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-022-01493-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The Power of Food Scale (PFS) is designed to measure the personal susceptibility to highly processed and palatable foods. The purpose of this study was to validate the Italian version of PFS (PFS-It) in the adult population. METHODS Data were obtained from 536 Italian adults aged between 18 and 86 years. The PFS-It and the Binge Eating Scale (BES) were administered to all participants. RESULTS The factorial structure of the PFS-It was investigated using a CFA that returned excellent fit indices. The Cronbach's alpha coefficients for the PFS-It total score and for its subscales (Food Available, Food Present, and Food Tasted), as well as for the BES total score, revealed good to moderate reliability. Finally, PFS-It was positively and significantly correlated with BES. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, this is the first study to propose the norms and psychometric characteristics of the Power of Food Scale in an Italian population. The results show that PFS-it is a valid and reliable instrument for the measurement of Hedonic Hunger in an adult Italian population. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level V, cross-sectional descriptive study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Torelli
- Faculty of Psychology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Tobia
- Faculty of Psychology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.
| | | | - Andrea Gambarini
- Faculty of Psychology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Lucia Ogliari
- Faculty of Psychology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,Hospital, San Raffaele-Turro, Milan, Italy
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Taş F, Gezer C. The relationship of hedonic hunger with food addiction and obesity in university students. Eat Weight Disord 2022; 27:2835-2843. [PMID: 35802338 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-022-01436-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the relationship of hedonic hunger with food addiction and obesity in university students. METHODS The research sample consists of 275 university students between the ages of 19-28 years. Body weight (kg), height (cm), waist and hip circumference (cm) were measured by applying a face-to-face questionnaire including descriptive characteristics of individuals, the Power of Food Scale (PFS), the Palatable Eating Motive Scale (PEMS) and the Modified Yale Food Addiction Scale (mYFAS) 2.0. Statistical analysis of the data was done with SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) 18. RESULTS In individuals, according to the mean PFS score the presence of food power-induced hedonic hunger was detected. While according to the mean PEMS score no motivational hedonic hunger was detected. According to the BMI classification the average scores of PFS (p = 0.002), PEMS (p = 0.009), and mYFAS 2.0 (p < 0.001) showed a gradual increase from underweight to obese. A weak positive correlation was found between BMI and PFS score (r = 0.238; p < 0.05) and PEMS score (r = 0.196; p < 0.05), respectively. The moderate positive correlation (r = 0.439 p < 0.001) was found between mYFAS 2.0 and the PEMS scores. CONCLUSION As a result, the presence of food-based hedonic hunger was determined in young individuals. A relationship was determined between food addiction and hedonic hunger caused by the motivation to consume delicious foods. Accordingly, hedonic hunger is related to food addiction and obesity in university students. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE V, cross-sectional descriptive study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulya Taş
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta, North Cyprus via Mersin 10, Turkey.
| | - Ceren Gezer
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta, North Cyprus via Mersin 10, Turkey
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Kotkowski E, Price LR, DeFronzo RA, Franklin CG, Salazar M, Garrett AS, Woolsey M, Blangero J, Duggirala R, Glahn DC, Fox PT. Metabolic syndrome predictors of brain gray matter volume in an age-stratified community sample of 776 Mexican- American adults: Results from the genetics of brain structure image archive. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:999288. [PMID: 36204553 PMCID: PMC9531122 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.999288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction This project aimed to investigate the association between biometric components of metabolic syndrome (MetS) with gray matter volume (GMV) obtained with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) from a large cohort of community-based adults (n = 776) subdivided by age and sex and employing brain regions of interest defined previously as the "Neural Signature of MetS" (NS-MetS). Methods Lipid profiles, biometrics, and regional brain GMV were obtained from the Genetics of Brain Structure (GOBS) image archive. Participants underwent T1-weighted MR imaging. MetS components (waist circumference, fasting plasma glucose, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, and blood pressure) were defined using the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III. Subjects were grouped by age: early adult (18-25 years), young adult (26-45 years), and middle-aged adult (46-65 years). Linear regression modeling was used to investigate associations between MetS components and GMV in five brain regions comprising the NS-MetS: cerebellum, brainstem, orbitofrontal cortex, right insular/limbic cluster and caudate. Results In both men and women of each age group, waist circumference was the single component most strongly correlated with decreased GMV across all NS-MetS regions. The brain region most strongly correlated to all MetS components was the posterior cerebellum. Conclusion The posterior cerebellum emerged as the region most significantly associated with MetS individual components, as the only region to show decreased GMV in young adults, and the region with the greatest variance between men and women. We propose that future studies investigating neurological effects of MetS and its comorbidities-namely diabetes and obesity-should consider the NS-MetS and the differential effects of age and sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eithan Kotkowski
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Larry R Price
- Departments of Mathematics and Education, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, United States
| | - Ralph A DeFronzo
- Diabetes Research Unit and Diabetes Division, Texas Diabetes Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Crystal G Franklin
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Maximino Salazar
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Amy S Garrett
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Mary Woolsey
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - John Blangero
- Genomics Computing Center, South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, United States
| | - Ravindranath Duggirala
- Genomics Computing Center, South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, United States
| | - David C Glahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT, United States
| | - Peter T Fox
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
- South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, United States
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Rakha A, Mehak F, Shabbir MA, Arslan M, Ranjha MMAN, Ahmed W, Socol CT, Rusu AV, Hassoun A, Aadil RM. Insights into the constellating drivers of satiety impacting dietary patterns and lifestyle. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1002619. [PMID: 36225863 PMCID: PMC9549911 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1002619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Food intake and body weight regulation are of special interest for meeting today's lifestyle essential requirements. Since balanced energy intake and expenditure are crucial for healthy living, high levels of energy intake are associated with obesity. Hence, regulation of energy intake occurs through short- and long-term signals as complex central and peripheral physiological signals control food intake. This work aims to explore and compile the main factors influencing satiating efficiency of foods by updating recent knowledge to point out new perspectives on the potential drivers of satiety interfering with food intake regulation. Human internal factors such as genetics, gender, age, nutritional status, gastrointestinal satiety signals, gut enzymes, gastric emptying rate, gut microbiota, individual behavioral response to foods, sleep and circadian rhythms are likely to be important in determining satiety. Besides, the external factors (environmental and behavioral) impacting satiety efficiency are highlighted. Based on mechanisms related to food consumption and dietary patterns several physical, physiological, and psychological factors affect satiety or satiation. A complex network of endocrine and neuroendocrine mechanisms controls the satiety pathways. In response to food intake and other behavioral cues, gut signals enable endocrine systems to target the brain. Intestinal and gastric signals interact with neural pathways in the central nervous system to halt eating or induce satiety. Moreover, complex food composition and structures result in considerable variation in satiety responses for different food groups. A better understanding of foods and factors impacting the efficiency of satiety could be helpful in making smart food choices and dietary recommendations for a healthy lifestyle based on updated scientific evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allah Rakha
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Fakiha Mehak
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asim Shabbir
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- *Correspondence: Muhammad Asim Shabbir
| | - Muhammad Arslan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | | | - Waqar Ahmed
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Alexandru Vasile Rusu
- Life Science Institute, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Faculty of Animal Science and Biotechnology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Alexandru Vasile Rusu
| | - Abdo Hassoun
- Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, UMRt 1158 BioEcoAgro, USC ANSES, INRAe, Univ. Artois, Univ. Lille, Univ. Picardie Jules Verne, Univ. Liège, Junia, F-62200, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
- Sustainable AgriFoodtech Innovation & Research (SAFIR), Arras, France
| | - Rana Muhammad Aadil
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Rana Muhammad Aadil
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Ester T, Kullmann S. Neurobiological regulation of eating behavior: Evidence based on non-invasive brain stimulation. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2022; 23:753-772. [PMID: 34862944 PMCID: PMC9307556 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-021-09697-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The prefrontal cortex is appreciated as a key neurobiological player in human eating behavior. A special focus is herein dedicated to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), which is critically involved in executive function such as cognitive control over eating. Persons with obesity display hypoactivity in this brain area, which is linked to overconsumption and food craving. Contrary to that, higher activity in the DLPFC is associated with successful weight-loss and weight-maintenance. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive neurostimulation tool used to enhance self-control and inhibitory control. The number of studies using tDCS to influence eating behavior rapidly increased in the last years. However, the effectiveness of tDCS is still unclear, as studies show mixed results and individual differences were shown to be an important factor in the effectiveness of non-invasive brain stimulation. Here, we describe the current state of research of human studies using tDCS to influence food intake, food craving, subjective feeling of hunger and body weight. Excitatory stimulation of the right DLPFC seems most promising to reduce food cravings to highly palatable food, while other studies provide evidence that stimulating the left DLPFC shows promising effects on weight loss and weight maintenance, especially in multisession approaches. Overall, the reported findings are heterogeneous pointing to large interindividual differences in tDCS responsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Ester
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
- German Center of Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Stephanie Kullmann
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
- German Center of Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, Ebehard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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21
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Stice E, Yokum S, Gau J, Veling H, Lawrence N, Kemps E. Efficacy of a food response and attention training treatment for obesity: A randomized placebo controlled trial. Behav Res Ther 2022; 158:104183. [PMID: 36058135 PMCID: PMC10392892 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2022.104183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Elevated brain reward and attention region response, and weaker inhibitory region response to high-calorie foods has predicted future weight gain, suggesting that an intervention that reduces reward and attention region response and increases inhibitory region response to such foods might reduce overeating. We conducted a randomized controlled trial to test whether a multi-faceted food response and attention training protocol with personalized high- and low-calorie food images would reduce body fat and valuation and reward region response to high-calorie foods compared to a placebo control training protocol with non-food images in an effort to replicate findings from two past trials. Participants were community-recruited adults with overweight/obesity (N = 179; M age = 27.7 ± 7.0) who completed assessments at pretest, posttest, 3-month, 6-month, and 12-month follow-ups. Participants randomized to the food response inhibition and attention training showed significantly greater increases in palatability ratings of low-calorie foods than controls (d = 0.27) at posttest, but did not show body fat loss, reductions in palatability ratings and monetary valuation, or reward region response, to high-calorie foods. The lack of expected effects appears to be related to weaker learning compared to the learning in past trials, potentially because we used more heterogenous high-calorie and low-calorie food images in the present training.
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22
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Efficacy of a combined food-response inhibition and attention training for weight loss. Curr Opin Behav Sci 2022; 46:101168. [PMID: 36817801 PMCID: PMC9937565 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2022.101168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences article reviews trials that evaluated an obesity treatment that combines response-inhibition training with high-calorie foods and training designed to reduce attention for high-calorie foods. Two randomized controlled trials suggest that food-response inhibition and attention training produced significant body-fat loss, along with a reduction in valuation of, and reward-region response to, high-calorie foods. However, these effects did not emerge in a third trial, potentially because this trial used more heterogeneous food images, which reduced inhibition learning and attentional learning. Collectively, results suggest that food-response inhibition and attention training can devalue high-calorie foods and result in weight loss, but only if a homogeneous set of high-calorie and low-calorie food images is used.
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23
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Leone A, De Amicis R, Pellizzari M, Bertoli S, Ravella S, Battezzati A. Appetite ratings and ghrelin concentrations in young adults after administration of a balanced meal. Does sex matter? Biol Sex Differ 2022; 13:25. [PMID: 35659737 PMCID: PMC9167557 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-022-00434-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Sex-based differences in appetite ratings have been observed previously. Ghrelin is the only known orexigenic peptide hormone. Sex differences in postprandial ghrelin responses may underlie different perceptions of hunger and satiety, but results are conflicting. We conducted a parallel study to evaluate sex differences in postprandial appetite ratings and ghrelin concentration after administration of a physiological meal among students of University of Milan.
Methods
Twenty-four healthy, normal weight volunteers (12 men and 12 women) aged 18–35 years were recruited. A balanced mixed meal meeting 40% of the estimated daily energy expenditure and providing 60% of calories from carbohydrates, 25% from lipids and 15% from protein was administrated. Sex differences in appetite ratings (satiety, hunger, fullness and desire to eat) and magnitude of ghrelin suppression during postprandial period (up to 180 min) were determined.
Results
In the fasting state, men and women did not differ in appetite ratings and ghrelin concentrations. After feeding, women tended to reach peak of satiety earlier than men, who in turn reached the nadir of hunger later than women (median: 30 min, interquartile range (IQR): 1; 120 vs. 1 min, IQR 1; 1, p = 0.007). Ghrelin suppression was greater in women (median decremental AUC − 95, IQR − 122; − 66) than in men (median decremental AUC − 47, IQR − 87; − 31, p = 0.041).
Conclusions
These findings suggest sex differences in the postprandial appetite regulation that might be important for nutritional strategy to prevent and treat obesity and eating disorders.
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24
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Chen W, Wu X, Liu Z, Liu Y, Liu Q, Pointer MR, Liang J, Khanh TQ. The impact of illuminance level, correlated colour temperature and viewing background on the purchase intention for bread and cakes. Food Qual Prefer 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2022.104537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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25
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Tindall AM, Stallings VA. Sex differences in cardiovascular risk may be related to sex differences in diet patterns: a narrative review. Ann Hum Biol 2022; 48:517-524. [PMID: 35105204 DOI: 10.1080/03014460.2021.1998621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in the United States and globally. The social and biological differences in diet patterns among men and women may play a role in their differential cardiovascular risk. OBJECTIVE To describe the dietary patterns associated with CVD risk and investigate the differences in diet patterns between men and women, if these differences affect cardiovascular risk, and to explore potential mechanisms of action. METHODS Diet patterns associated with CVD risk were described based on epidemiological and experimental trials. Observational and experimental studies together with systematic and non-systematic reviews were synthesised to examine sex differences in diet and cardiovascular risk factors. RESULTS Differences in vasculature and body composition between sexes may be mediated by dissimilarities in adherence to diet patterns and nutrient metabolism. Salt sensitivity and breakdown and storage of lipids may account for some differences in CVD risk between men and women. Sex differences in social norms, cognitive processing, and odour perception may be affected by biological differences and contribute to differences in cardiovascular risk and dietary patterns. CONCLUSION The relation between diet patterns and cardiovascular risk is well-established and sex differences in diet patterns likely differentially affect CVD risk between men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Tindall
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - V A Stallings
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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26
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Legget KT, Cornier MA, Erpelding C, Lawful BP, Bear JJ, Kronberg E, Tregellas JR. An implicit priming intervention alters brain and behavioral responses to high-calorie foods: a randomized controlled study. Am J Clin Nutr 2022; 115:1194-1204. [PMID: 35030242 PMCID: PMC8970978 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqac009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Conditioned food cues (e.g., smell, sight) can affect intake of foods associated with those cues, regardless of homeostatic need. As such, altering automatic associations with food cues could support weight loss or maintenance efforts by affecting the salience of those cues and the effort required to resist consumption. OBJECTIVES This study investigated neuronal and behavioral effects of an implicit priming (IP) intervention, in which negatively valenced images were paired with high-calorie foods and positively valenced images with low-calorie foods. Priming images were presented immediately before food images, but below conscious perception (20 ms). We hypothesized that this evaluative conditioning approach could alter food cue responses by modifying affective associations. METHODS The final sample included 41 adults with BMI ≥25 kg/m2 (n = 22, active IP; n = 19, control IP). In control IP, food images were primed with neutral, scrambled images. Participants completed a visual food cue task during fMRI, both before and after IP. To determine the replicability of prior behavioral findings, food image ratings were completed before and after IP as a secondary outcome. RESULTS In a whole-brain analysis, reduced dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) response to high-calorie foods was observed after active compared with control IP (t = 4.93, P = 0.033). With a region of interest analysis, reduced response to high-calorie foods in active compared with control IP was also observed in the striatum (t = 2.40, P = 0.009) and insula (t = 2.38, P = 0.010). Active compared with control IP was associated with reduced high-calorie food ratings (F = 4.70, P = 0.038). CONCLUSIONS Reduced insula and striatum response to high-calorie foods after active compared with control IP suggests effectiveness of IP in altering food cue salience. Reduced dlPFC response to high-calorie foods after active compared with control IP may reflect fewer attentional resources being directed to those images and reduced engagement of inhibitory processes.This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02347527.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marc-Andre Cornier
- Research Service, Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, Aurora, CO, USA,Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA,Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA,Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Christina Erpelding
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Benjamin P Lawful
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Joshua J Bear
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neurology, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neurology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Eugene Kronberg
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA,Department of Neurology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jason R Tregellas
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA,Research Service, Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, Aurora, CO, USA
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27
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Ponticorvo S, Prinster A, Cantone E, Di Salle F, Esposito F, Canna A. Sex differences in the taste-evoked functional connectivity network. Chem Senses 2022; 47:6617558. [PMID: 35749468 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjac015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The central gustatory pathway encompasses multiple subcortical and cortical regions whose neural functional connectivity can be modulated by taste stimulation. While gustatory perception has been previously linked to sex, whether and how the gustatory network differently responds to basic tastes between men and women is unclear. Here, we defined the regions of the central gustatory network by a meta-analysis of 35 fMRI taste activation studies and then analyzed the taste-evoked functional connectivity between these regions in 44 subjects (19 women) in a separate 3 Tesla activation study where sweet and bitter solutions, at five concentrations each, were administered during scanning. From the meta-analysis, a network model was set up, including bilateral anterior, middle and inferior insula, thalamus, precentral gyrus, left amygdala, caudate and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Higher functional connectivity than in women was observed in men between the right middle insula and bilateral thalami for bitter taste. Men exhibited higher connectivity than women at low bitter concentrations and middle-high sweet concentrations between bilateral thalamus and insula. A graph-based analysis expressed similar results in terms of nodal characteristics of strength and centrality. Our findings add new insights into the mechanisms of taste processing by highlighting sex differences in the functional connectivity of the gustatory network as modulated by the perception of sweet and bitter tastes. These results shed more light on the neural origin of sex-related differences in gustatory perception and may guide future research on the pathophysiology of taste perception in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ponticorvo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, Scuola Medica Salernitana, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Anna Prinster
- Biostructure and Bioimaging Institute, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Elena Cantone
- Section of ENT, Department of Neuroscience, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Di Salle
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, Scuola Medica Salernitana, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy.,University Hospital "San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D'Aragona", Scuola Medica Salernitana, Salerno, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Esposito
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Napoli, Italy
| | - Antonietta Canna
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Napoli, Italy
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28
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Oliveira CLP, Boulé NG, Elliott SA, Sharma AM, Siervo M, Berg A, Ghosh S, Prado CM. A high-protein total diet replacement alters the regulation of food intake and energy homeostasis in healthy, normal-weight adults. Eur J Nutr 2021; 61:1849-1861. [PMID: 34928408 PMCID: PMC9106637 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02747-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Dietary intake can affect energy homeostasis and influence body weight control. The aim of this study was to compare the impact of high-protein total diet replacement (HP-TDR) versus a control (CON) diet in the regulation of food intake and energy homeostasis in healthy, normal-weight adults. METHODS In this acute randomized controlled, cross-over study, participants completed two isocaloric arms: a) HP-TDR: 35% carbohydrate, 40% protein, and 25% fat; b) CON: 55% carbohydrate, 15% protein, and 30% fat. The diets were provided for 32 h while inside a whole-body calorimetry unit. Appetite sensations, appetite-related hormones, and energy metabolism were assessed. RESULTS Forty-three healthy, normal-weight adults (19 females) participated. Appetite sensations did not differ between diets (all p > 0.05). Compared to the CON diet, the change in fasting blood markers during the HP-TDR intervention was smaller for peptide tyrosine-tyrosine (PYY; - 18.9 ± 7.9 pg/mL, p = 0.02) and greater for leptin (1859 ± 652 pg/mL, p = 0.007). Moreover, postprandial levels of glucagon-like peptide 1 (1.62 ± 0.36 pM, p < 0.001) and PYY (31.37 ± 8.05 pg/mL, p < 0.001) were higher in the HP-TDR. Significant correlations were observed between energy balance and satiety (r = - 0.41, p = 0.007), and energy balance and PFC (r = 0.33, p = 0.033) in the HP-TDR. CONCLUSION Compared to the CON diet, the HP-TDR increased blood levels of anorexigenic hormones. Moreover, females and males responded differently to the intervention in terms of appetite sensations and appetite-related hormones. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT02811276 (retrospectively registered on 16 June 2016) and NCT03565510 (retrospectively registered on 11 June 2018).
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila L P Oliveira
- Human Nutrition Research Unit, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Normand G Boulé
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Sarah A Elliott
- Human Nutrition Research Unit, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Alberta Research Centre for Health Evidence, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Arya M Sharma
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Mario Siervo
- School of Life Sciences, Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England, UK
| | - Aloys Berg
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sunita Ghosh
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Carla M Prado
- Human Nutrition Research Unit, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. .,Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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29
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The current article discusses five neural vulnerability theories for weight gain and reviews evidence from prospective studies using imaging and behavioral measures reflecting neural function, as well as randomized experiments with humans and animals that are consistent or inconsistent with these theories. RECENT FINDINGS Recent prospective imaging studies examining predictors of weight gain and response to obesity treatment, and repeated-measures imaging studies before and after weight gain and loss have advanced knowledge of etiologic processes and neural plasticity resulting from weight change. Overall, data provide strong support for the incentive sensitization theory of obesity and moderate support for the reward surfeit theory, inhibitory control deficit theory, and dynamic vulnerability model of obesity, which attempted to synthesize the former theories into a single etiologic model. Data provide little support for the reward deficit theory. Important directions for future studies are delineated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Stice
- Department of Psychiatry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
| | - Sonja Yokum
- Oregon Research Institute, Eugene, OR, 97403, USA
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30
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A review of sex differences in the mechanisms and drivers of overeating. Front Neuroendocrinol 2021; 63:100941. [PMID: 34454955 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2021.100941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Disordered eating is often associated with marked psychological and emotional distress, and severe adverse impact on quality of life. Several factors can influence eating behavior and drive food consumption in excess of energy requirements for homeostasis. It is well established that stress and negative affect contribute to the aetiology of eating disorders and weight gain, and there is substantial evidence suggesting sex differences in sub-clinical and clinical types of overeating. This review will examine how negative affect and stress shape eating behaviors, and how the relationship between the physiological, endocrine, and neural responses to stress and eating behaviors differs between men and women. We will examine several drivers of overeating and explore possible mechanisms underlying sex differences in eating behavior.
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31
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Yunker AG, Alves JM, Luo S, Angelo B, DeFendis A, Pickering TA, Monterosso JR, Page KA. Obesity and Sex-Related Associations With Differential Effects of Sucralose vs Sucrose on Appetite and Reward Processing: A Randomized Crossover Trial. JAMA Netw Open 2021; 4:e2126313. [PMID: 34581796 PMCID: PMC8479585 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.26313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Nonnutritive sweeteners (NNSs) are used as an alternative to nutritive sweeteners to quench desire for sweets while reducing caloric intake. However, studies have shown mixed results concerning the effects of NNSs on appetite, and the associations between sex and obesity with reward and appetitive responses to NNS compared with nutritive sugar are unknown. OBJECTIVE To examine neural reactivity to different types of high-calorie food cues (ie, sweet and savory), metabolic responses, and eating behavior following consumption of sucralose (NNS) vs sucrose (nutritive sugar) among healthy young adults. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS In a randomized, within-participant, crossover trial including 3 separate visits, participants underwent a functional magnetic resonance imaging task measuring blood oxygen level-dependent signal in response to visual cues. For each study visit, participants arrived at the Dornsife Cognitive Neuroimaging Center of University of Southern California at approximately 8:00 am after a 12-hour overnight fast. Blood was sampled at baseline and 10, 35, and 120 minutes after participants received a drink containing sucrose, sucralose, or water to measure plasma glucose, insulin, glucagon-like peptide(7-36), acyl-ghrelin, total peptide YY, and leptin. Participants were then presented with an ad libitum meal. Participants were right-handed, nonsmokers, weight-stable for at least 3 months before the study visits, nondieters, not taking medication, and with no history of eating disorders, illicit drug use, or medical diagnoses. Data analysis was performed from March 2020 to March 2021. INTERVENTIONS Participants ingested 300-mL drinks containing either sucrose (75 g), sucralose (individually sweetness matched), or water (as a control). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Primary outcomes of interest were the effects of body mass index (BMI) status and sex on blood oxygen level-dependent signal to high-calorie food cues, endocrine, and feeding responses following sucralose vs sucrose consumption. Secondary outcomes included neural, endocrine, and feeding responses following sucrose vs water and sucralose vs water (control) consumption, and cue-induced appetite ratings following sucralose vs sucrose (and vs water). RESULTS A total of 76 participants were randomized, but 2 dropped out, leaving 74 adults (43 women [58%]; mean [SD] age, 23.40 [3.96] years; BMI range, 19.18-40.27) who completed the study. In this crossover design, 73 participants each received water (drink 1) and sucrose (drink 2), and 72 participants received water (drink 1), sucrose (drink 2), and sucralose (drink 3). Sucrose vs sucralose was associated with greater production of circulating glucose, insulin, and glucagon-like peptide-1 and suppression of acyl-ghrelin, but no differences were found for peptide YY or leptin. BMI status by drink interactions were observed in the medial frontal cortex (MFC; P for interaction < .001) and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC; P for interaction = .002). Individuals with obesity (MFC, β, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.38 to 0.83; P < .001; OFC, β, 0.27; 95% CI, 0.11 to 0.43; P = .002), but not those with overweight (MFC, β, 0.02; 95% CI, -0.19 to 0.23; P = .87; OFC, β, -0.06; 95% CI, -0.21 to 0.09; P = .41) or healthy weight (MFC, β, -0.13; 95% CI, -0.34 to 0.07; P = .21; OFC, β, -0.08; 95% CI, -0.23 to 0.06; P = .16), exhibited greater responsivity in the MFC and OFC to savory food cues after sucralose vs sucrose. Sex by drink interactions were observed in the MFC (P for interaction = .03) and OFC (P for interaction = .03) after consumption of sucralose vs sucrose. Female participants had greater MFC and OFC responses to food cues (MFC high-calorie vs low-calorie cues, β, 0.21; 95% CI, 0.05 to 0.37; P = .01; MFC sweet vs nonfood cues, β, 0.22; 95% CI, 0.02 to 0.42; P = .03; OFC food vs nonfood cues, β, 0.12; 95% CI, 0.02 to 0.22; P = .03; and OFC sweet vs nonfood cues, β, 0.15; 95% CI, 0.03 to 0.27; P = .01), but male participants' responses did not differ (MFC high-calorie vs low-calorie cues, β, 0.01; 95% CI, -0.19 to 0.21; P = .90; MFC sweet vs nonfood cues, β, -0.04; 95% CI, -0.26 to 0.18; P = .69; OFC food vs nonfood cues, β, -0.08; 95% CI, -0.24 to 0.08; P = .32; OFC sweet vs nonfood cues, β, -0.11; 95% CI, -0.31 to 0.09; P = .31). A sex by drink interaction on total calories consumed during the buffet meal was observed (P for interaction = .03). Female participants consumed greater total calories (β, 1.73; 95% CI, 0.38 to 3.08; P = .01), whereas caloric intake did not differ in male participants (β, 0.68; 95% CI, -0.99 to 2.35; P = .42) after sucralose vs sucrose ingestion. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE These findings suggest that female individuals and those with obesity may be particularly sensitive to disparate neural responsivity elicited by sucralose compared with sucrose consumption. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02945475.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra G. Yunker
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Jasmin M. Alves
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Shan Luo
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Brendan Angelo
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Alexis DeFendis
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Trevor A. Pickering
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - John R. Monterosso
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Kathleen A. Page
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
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32
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Children's inhibitory control abilities in the presence of rewards are related to weight status and eating in the absence of hunger. Appetite 2021; 167:105610. [PMID: 34324909 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The Reflective-Impulsive Dual Processes Model suggests that overeating occurs when the temptation to consume food overrides inhibitory control processes. However, how rewards interact with inhibitory control and their relation to children's weight status and food intake is not understood. Here, 7-to-11-year-old children (n = 66; 32 overweight/obese) completed two versions (baseline [i.e., non-reward incentivized/control] and reward incentivized [food, money, no reward]) of a Go/Nogo task. Intake of palatable foods in the absence of hunger (i.e., eating in the absence of hunger-EAH) was measured following a standardized meal. A drift diffusion model was used to characterize children's performance parameters on the Go/Nogo. On the baseline Go/Nogo, children with higher weight status responded more cautiously, but on reward trials for food/money children were more cautions and made more false alarms relative to the no reward condition. Energy intake during EAH positively correlated with FA errors for food and money vs. no reward, but sex moderated this effect such that FA positively associated with EAH in girls but not boys. Independent of sex, FA for money vs. no reward and food vs. money were both positively associated with energy consumed during EAH. These results suggest that the presence of food and money rewards impair inhibitory control processing, especially in children with higher weight status. Further, increased inhibitory control impairment in response to food rewards, specifically, may be a risk factor for disinhibited eating in girls. Though preliminary, results may be useful in the development of targeted treatments to help moderate excess consumption in children.
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Bhargava A, Arnold AP, Bangasser DA, Denton KM, Gupta A, Hilliard Krause LM, Mayer EA, McCarthy M, Miller WL, Raznahan A, Verma R. Considering Sex as a Biological Variable in Basic and Clinical Studies: An Endocrine Society Scientific Statement. Endocr Rev 2021; 42:219-258. [PMID: 33704446 PMCID: PMC8348944 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnaa034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In May 2014, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) stated its intent to "require applicants to consider sex as a biological variable (SABV) in the design and analysis of NIH-funded research involving animals and cells." Since then, proposed research plans that include animals routinely state that both sexes/genders will be used; however, in many instances, researchers and reviewers are at a loss about the issue of sex differences. Moreover, the terms sex and gender are used interchangeably by many researchers, further complicating the issue. In addition, the sex or gender of the researcher might influence study outcomes, especially those concerning behavioral studies, in both animals and humans. The act of observation may change the outcome (the "observer effect") and any experimental manipulation, no matter how well-controlled, is subject to it. This is nowhere more applicable than in physiology and behavior. The sex of established cultured cell lines is another issue, in addition to aneuploidy; chromosomal numbers can change as cells are passaged. Additionally, culture medium contains steroids, growth hormone, and insulin that might influence expression of various genes. These issues often are not taken into account, determined, or even considered. Issues pertaining to the "sex" of cultured cells are beyond the scope of this Statement. However, we will discuss the factors that influence sex and gender in both basic research (that using animal models) and clinical research (that involving human subjects), as well as in some areas of science where sex differences are routinely studied. Sex differences in baseline physiology and associated mechanisms form the foundation for understanding sex differences in diseases pathology, treatments, and outcomes. The purpose of this Statement is to highlight lessons learned, caveats, and what to consider when evaluating data pertaining to sex differences, using 3 areas of research as examples; it is not intended to serve as a guideline for research design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Bhargava
- Center for Reproductive Sciences, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Arthur P Arnold
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Debra A Bangasser
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kate M Denton
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Arpana Gupta
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, Division of Digestive Diseases, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lucinda M Hilliard Krause
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Emeran A Mayer
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, Division of Digestive Diseases, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Margaret McCarthy
- Department of Pharmacology and Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Walter L Miller
- Center for Reproductive Sciences, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Armin Raznahan
- Section on Developmental Neurogenomics, Human Genetics Branch, National Institutes of Mental Health, Intramural Research Program, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ragini Verma
- Diffusion and Connectomics In Precision Healthcare Research (DiCIPHR) lab, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Max SM, Schroeder PA, Blechert J, Giel KE, Ehlis AC, Plewnia C. Mind the food: behavioural characteristics and imaging signatures of the specific handling of food objects. Brain Struct Funct 2021; 226:1169-1183. [PMID: 33590302 PMCID: PMC8036193 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-021-02232-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In our world with nearly omnipresent availability of attractive and palatable high-calorie food, the struggle against overweight and obesity is a major individual and public health challenge. Preference for unhealthy food and eating-related habits have a strong influence on health, suggesting that high-calorie food triggers fast and near-automatic reaching and grasping movements. Therefore, it is important to better understand the specific neural mechanisms that control the handling of food involving a coordinated interplay between sensoric, motoric, and cognitive subsystems. To this end, 30 healthy participants (Ø BMI: 22.86 kg/m2; BMI range: 19-30 kg/m2; 23 females) were instructed to collect one of two concurrently presented objects (food vs. office tools) by manual movement in virtual reality (VR) and on a touchscreen. Parallel to the task in VR, regional brain activity was measured by functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). In the VR and on the touchscreen, stimulus recognition and selection were faster for food than for office tools. Yet, food was collected more slowly than office tools when measured in VR. On the background of increased brain activity in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) during food trials, this suggests more behavioural control activity during handling foods. In sum, this study emphasizes the role of the right dlPFC in faster recognition and selection of food as part of a food-valuation network, more controlled handling of food in the VR which highlights the relevance of medium for modelling food-specific embodied cognitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian M Max
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Neurophysiology and Interventional Neuropsychiatry, University of Tübingen, Calwerstraße 14, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Philipp A Schroeder
- Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Schleichstraße 4, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jens Blechert
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Paris-Londron-University of Salzburg, Heilbrunnerstraße 34, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Katrin E Giel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tübingen, Osianderstraße 5, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ann-Christine Ehlis
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychophysiology and Optical Imaging, University Hospital Tübingen, Calwerstraße 14, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christian Plewnia
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Neurophysiology and Interventional Neuropsychiatry, University of Tübingen, Calwerstraße 14, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
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Oliveira CLP, Boulé NG, Berg A, Sharma AM, Elliott SA, Siervo M, Ghosh S, Prado CM. Consumption of a High-Protein Meal Replacement Leads to Higher Fat Oxidation, Suppression of Hunger, and Improved Metabolic Profile After an Exercise Session. Nutrients 2021; 13:E155. [PMID: 33466462 PMCID: PMC7824960 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the impact of a high-protein meal replacement (HP-MR) versus a control (CON) breakfast on exercise metabolism. In this acute, randomized controlled, cross-over study, participants were allocated into two isocaloric arms: (a) HP-MR: 30% carbohydrate, 43% protein, and 27% fat; (b) CON: 55% carbohydrate, 15% protein, and 30% fat. Following breakfast, participants performed a moderate-intensity aerobic exercise while inside a whole-body calorimetry unit. Energy expenditure, macronutrient oxidation, appetite sensations, and metabolic blood markers were assessed. Forty-three healthy, normal-weight adults (24 males) participated. Compared to the CON breakfast, the HP-MR produced higher fat oxidation (1.07 ± 0.33 g/session; p = 0.003) and lower carbohydrate oxidation (-2.32 ± 0.98 g/session; p = 0.023) and respiratory exchange ratio (-0.01 ± 0.00; p = 0.003) during exercise. After exercise, increases in hunger were lower during the HP-MR condition. Changes in blood markers from the fasting state to post-exercise during the HP-MR condition were greater for insulin, peptide tyrosine-tyrosine, and glucagon-like peptide 1, and lower for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride, and glycerol. Our primary findings were that an HP-MR produced higher fat oxidation during the exercise session, suppression of hunger, and improved metabolic profile after it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila L. P. Oliveira
- Human Nutrition Research Unit, Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; (C.L.P.O.); (S.A.E.)
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Normand G. Boulé
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H9, Canada
| | - Aloys Berg
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany;
| | - Arya M. Sharma
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G3, Canada;
| | - Sarah A. Elliott
- Human Nutrition Research Unit, Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; (C.L.P.O.); (S.A.E.)
- Alberta Research Centre for Health Evidence, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Mario Siervo
- School of Life Sciences, Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, England, UK;
| | - Sunita Ghosh
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R7, Canada;
| | - Carla M. Prado
- Human Nutrition Research Unit, Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; (C.L.P.O.); (S.A.E.)
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
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Culbert KM, Sisk CL, Klump KL. A Narrative Review of Sex Differences in Eating Disorders: Is There a Biological Basis? Clin Ther 2021; 43:95-111. [PMID: 33375999 PMCID: PMC7902379 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2020.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Eating disorders and their core symptoms (eg, binge eating, body weight/shape concerns) disproportionately affect females, and these sex-differentiated effects become prominent during and after puberty. Although psychosocial influences such as heightened sociocultural pressures for thinness in girls and women contribute to this sex imbalance, biological factors could also play an important role. METHODS This narrative review summarizes evidence of biological factors underlying the sex-differentiated prevalence of eating pathology as well as within-sex variability in risk. FINDINGS There are sex differences in the pubertal emergence of genetic effects on eating pathology (adrenarche in males; gonadarche in females), and at least some genetic contributions to eating pathology seem to vary between the sexes. Furthermore, sex steroid hormones (eg, testosterone, estradiol, progesterone) are leading contributors to differential risk for eating pathology in males and females across the life span. Emerging data suggest that between-sex and within-sex variability in risk might occur via hormone-driven modulation (activation/deactivation) of genetic influences and neural responsiveness to food-related cues. IMPLICATIONS There is a biological basis to heightened risk for eating pathology in females, relative to males, as well as unique biological influences within each sex. Findings from this review highlight the importance of studying both sexes and considering sex-specific biological mechanisms that may underlie differential risk for eating pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen M Culbert
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.
| | - Cheryl L Sisk
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Kelly L Klump
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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Zhang X, Wu Y, Na M, Lichtenstein AH, Xing A, Chen S, Wu S, Gao X. Habitual Night Eating Was Positively Associated With Progress of Arterial Stiffness in Chinese Adults. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9:e016455. [PMID: 32954888 PMCID: PMC7792372 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.016455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Background Night eating has been associated with an elevated risk of obesity, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular disease. However, there is no longitudinal study on whether habitual night eating, regardless of diet quality and energy intake, is associated with arterial stiffness, a major etiological factor in the development of cardiovascular disease. Methods and Results The study included 7771 adult participants without cardiovascular disease, cancer, or diabetes mellitus prior to dietary assessment by a validated food frequency questionnaire in 2014 through 2015. Participants were categorized into 3 groups based on self‐reported night‐eating habits: never or rarely, some days (1–5 times per week), or most days (6+ times per week). Arterial stiffness was assessed by brachial‐ankle pulse wave velocity at baseline and repeatedly during follow‐ups. Mean differences and 95% CIs in the yearly change rate of brachial‐ankle pulse wave velocity across the 3 groups were calculated, adjusting for age, sex, socioeconomic status, total energy intake, diet quality, sleep quality, and other cardiovascular disease risk factors. At baseline, 6625 (85.2%), 610 (7.8%), and 536 (6.9%) participants reported night eating as never or rarely, some days, or most days, respectively. During a mean 3.19 years, we observed a positive association between night‐eating frequency and progression of arterial stiffness (P trend=0.01). The adjusted difference in brachial‐ankle pulse wave velocity change rate between the group that ate at night most days and the group that never or rarely ate at night was 14.1 (95% CI, 0.6–27.5) cm/s per year. This association was only significant in women, but not in men (P interaction=0.03). Conclusions In an adult population free of major chronic diseases, habitual night eating was positively associated with the progression of arterial stiffness, a hallmark of arteriosclerosis and biological aging. Registration URL: https://www.chictr.org.cn; Unique identifier: ChiCTR‐TNRC‐11001489.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan Zhang
- Department of Nutritional Sciences Pennsylvania State University University Park PA
| | - Yuntao Wu
- Department of Cardiology Kailuan General Hospital Tangshan China
| | - Muzi Na
- Department of Nutritional Sciences Pennsylvania State University University Park PA
| | - Alice H Lichtenstein
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging Tufts University Boston MA
| | - Aijun Xing
- Department of Cardiology Kailuan General Hospital Tangshan China
| | - Shuohua Chen
- Health Care Center Kailuan General Hospital Tangshan China
| | - Shouling Wu
- Department of Cardiology Kailuan General Hospital Tangshan China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Department of Nutritional Sciences Pennsylvania State University University Park PA
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Strahler J, Hermann A, Schmidt NM, Stark R, Hennig J, Munk AJ. Food cue-elicited brain potentials change throughout menstrual cycle: Modulation by eating styles, negative affect, and premenstrual complaints. Horm Behav 2020; 124:104811. [PMID: 32592725 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2020.104811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While there is evidence for increased food intake and craving during the luteal phase, underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. The present study investigated electrophysiological responses to food pictures as a function of menstrual cycle phase. In addition, the moderating effects of progesterone, eating behaviors (restraint, emotional, orthorexic), negative affect, and premenstrual complaints were explored. METHODS Using a within-subject design, 35 free-cycling women watched and rated pictures of food (high and low caloric) and control items during the follicular, the ovulatory, and the luteal phase (counterbalanced), while EEG was recorded to examine the late positive potentials (LPP). Salivary gonadal hormones and affect were examined at each occasion. Eating behaviors and premenstrual complaints were assessed once. RESULTS For parietal regions, average LPPs were comparable between cycle phases but slightly larger LPP amplitudes were elicited by high caloric food pictures as compared to the neutral category. Descriptively, both food categories elicited larger parietal LPPs than neutral pictures during the luteal phase. Analyses of LPPs for central-parietal regions showed no effect of picture category or cycle phase, except higher amplitudes in the right area during the luteal phase. During the luteal phase, progesterone and functional interference from premenstrual symptoms (but not age, BMI, picture ratings, affect, estradiol, or eating behaviors) significantly predicted larger parietal LPPs towards high caloric (but not low caloric) pictures. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest a heightened food cue reactivity during the luteal phase, which may relate to higher ovarian hormone secretion and more functional impact of premenstrual symptoms. This research contributes to a better understanding of menstrual health and the identification of preventive strategies for premenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Strahler
- Psychotherapy and Systems Neuroscience, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Germany.
| | - A Hermann
- Psychotherapy and Systems Neuroscience, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Germany; Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg and Justus Liebig University Giessen, Germany
| | - N M Schmidt
- Differential and Biological Psychology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Germany
| | - R Stark
- Psychotherapy and Systems Neuroscience, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Germany; Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg and Justus Liebig University Giessen, Germany
| | - J Hennig
- Differential and Biological Psychology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Germany; Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg and Justus Liebig University Giessen, Germany
| | - A J Munk
- Differential and Biological Psychology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Germany
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Polizzi di Sorrentino E, Herrmann B, Villeval MC. Dishonesty is more affected by BMI status than by short-term changes in glucose. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12170. [PMID: 32699212 PMCID: PMC7376245 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68291-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
There is evidence that human decision-making is affected by current body energy levels and physiological states. There is less clear evidence linking decision-making to long-term changes in energy, as those associated with obesity. We explore the link between energy, obesity and dishonesty by comparing the behaviour of obese and lean subjects when hungry or sated while playing an anonymous die-under-cup task. Participants performed the task either before or after breakfast. We find that short-term switches in energy have only a mild effect on dishonesty, as only lean females lie less when sated. By contrast, obese subjects lie more than lean subjects in both conditions, and they lie more to avoid the lowest payoff than to get the highest payoff. Our findings suggest that the observed patterns are more likely mediated by factors associated with obesity than by short term energy dynamics, and call for a better integration of the psychological, economic and biological drivers of moral behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Polizzi di Sorrentino
- European Commission, Joint Research Center (JRC), 21021, Ispra, Italy.
- Institute of Cognitive Science and Technologies, National Research Center, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | - Benedikt Herrmann
- European Commission, Joint Research Center (JRC), 21021, Ispra, Italy
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Kilpatrick L, Pribic T, Ciccantelli B, Malagelada C, Livovsky DM, Accarino A, Pareto D, Azpiroz F, Mayer EA. Sex Differences and Commonalities in the Impact of a Palatable Meal on Thalamic and Insular Connectivity. Nutrients 2020; 12:E1627. [PMID: 32492812 PMCID: PMC7352462 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The neural mechanisms underlying subjective responses to meal ingestion remain incompletely understood. We previously showed in healthy men an increase in thalamocortical, and a decrease in insular-cortical connectivity in response to a palatable meal. As sex is increasingly recognized as an important biological variable, we aimed to evaluate sex differences and commonalities in the impact of a well-liked meal on thalamic and anterior insular connectivity in healthy individuals. Participants (20 women and 20 age-matched men) underwent resting-state magnetic resonance imaging (rsMRI) before and after ingesting a palatable meal. In general, the insula showed extensive postprandial reductions in connectivity with sensorimotor and prefrontal cortices, while the thalamus showed increases in connectivity with insular, frontal, and occipital cortices, in both women and men. However, reductions in insular connectivity were more prominent in men, and were related to changes in meal-related sensations (satiety and digestive well-being) in men only. In contrast, increases in thalamic connectivity were more prominent in women, and were related to changes in satiety and digestive well-being in women only. These results suggest that brain imaging may provide objective and sex-specific biomarkers of the subjective feelings associated with meal ingestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Kilpatrick
- Division of Digestive Diseases, G Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (L.K.); (E.A.M.)
| | - Teodora Pribic
- Digestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Vall d’Hebron, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain; (T.P.); (B.C.); (C.M.); (A.A.)
| | - Barbara Ciccantelli
- Digestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Vall d’Hebron, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain; (T.P.); (B.C.); (C.M.); (A.A.)
| | - Carolina Malagelada
- Digestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Vall d’Hebron, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain; (T.P.); (B.C.); (C.M.); (A.A.)
| | - Dan M. Livovsky
- Digestive Diseases Institute, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Hebrew University, 9103102 Jerusalem, Israel;
| | - Anna Accarino
- Digestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Vall d’Hebron, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain; (T.P.); (B.C.); (C.M.); (A.A.)
| | - Deborah Pareto
- Radiology Department, University Hospital Vall d’Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Fernando Azpiroz
- Digestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Vall d’Hebron, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain; (T.P.); (B.C.); (C.M.); (A.A.)
| | - Emeran A. Mayer
- Division of Digestive Diseases, G Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (L.K.); (E.A.M.)
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Massa MG, Correa SM. Sexes on the brain: Sex as multiple biological variables in the neuronal control of feeding. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165840. [PMID: 32428559 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal interactions at the level of vagal, homeostatic, and hedonic circuitry work to regulate the neuronal control of feeding. This integrative system appears to vary across sex and gender in the animal and human worlds. Most feeding research investigating these variations across sex and gender focus on how the organizational and activational mechanisms of hormones contribute to these differences. However, in limited studies spanning both the central and peripheral nervous systems, sex differences in feeding have been shown to manifest not just at the level of the hormonal, but also at the chromosomal, epigenetic, cellular, and even circuitry levels to alter food intake. In this review, we provide a brief orientation to the current understanding of how these neuronal systems interact before dissecting selected studies from the recent literature to exemplify how feeding physiology at all levels can be affected by the various components of sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan G Massa
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America; Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology of the Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America; Neuroscience Interdepartmental Doctoral Program, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America.
| | - Stephanie M Correa
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America; Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology of the Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America.
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Long JD, Dodd SL, Doumit R, Boswell C, O'Boyle MW, Rogers T. Integrative Review of Dietary Choice Revealed by fMRI: Considerations for Obesity Prevention and Weight-Loss Education. Worldviews Evid Based Nurs 2020; 17:151-157. [PMID: 32187819 DOI: 10.1111/wvn.12424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging findings from neuroimaging studies investigating brain activity associated with dietary behavior are illuminating the interaction of biological and behavioral mechanisms that have implications for obesity prevention. Globally, A total of 1.9 billion adults are overweight, and 650 million are obese. Obesity and being overweight are major risk factors for chronic illness and death. Behaviorally based health interventions have had limited success in curbing the obesity epidemic. Greater understanding of brain responses to food cues will contribute to new knowledge and shape public health efforts in obesity prevention. However, an integration of this knowledge for obesity prevention education has not been published. AIMS This study links evidence generated from brain activation studies generated in response to diet and food images and highlights educational recommendations for nurses engaged in obesity prevention and weight-loss education. METHODS An integrative review of the literature was conducted using the MeSH keywords "magnetic resonance imaging," "diet," and "food images" in PubMed, MEDLINE Complete, CINAHL, and Cochrane databases from their first appearance in 2006 through March 2018. Studies published in English and using functional magnetic resonance imaging to measure brain response to diet, and food images were initially identified. Animal models, those whose primary focus was a specific disease, and intervention studies were excluded. RESULTS Of 159 studies identified, 26 met inclusion criteria. Findings from neuroimaging studies may help explain the relationship between brain mechanisms and behavioral aspects of dietary choice and inform patient education in obesity prevention. Awareness of this evidence is applicable to nursing education efforts. This review contributes several recommendations that should be considered by nurses providing individualized weight-loss education. LINKING EVIDENCE TO ACTION Nurses engaged in patient education for obesity prevention should consider personalized interventions that cultivate internal awareness for dietary adherence, self-care, exercise, hydration, and mood state; avoid using caloric deprivation approaches, such as skipping breakfast, for weight-loss interventions; and note the importance of individualized obesity prevention and weight-loss education.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sara L Dodd
- Center for Adolescent Resiliency, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Rita Doumit
- Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Carol Boswell
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Odessa, TX, USA
| | | | - Toby Rogers
- College of Professional Studies, Lubbock Christian University, Lubbock, TX, USA
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Psychometric properties of Power of Food Scale in Iranian adult population: gender-related differences in hedonic hunger. Eat Weight Disord 2020; 25:185-193. [PMID: 30066260 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-018-0549-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study was performed to develop the Persian version of Power of Food Scale (PFS) questionnaire (PFS-P) and to assess the hedonic hunger in Iranian adult population. In addition, associations between individual differences, including sex and body mass index (BMI) and the appetitive motives measured by the PFS-P were assessed. METHODS Eight hundred and twenty participants were studied. The PFS-P, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire, and a questionnaire pertaining to demographic characteristics were completed for all participants. RESULTS The Cronbach's alpha values for the factors "food available", "food present" and "food taste" were 0.87, 0.85, and 0.78, respectively. The intraclass correlation coefficient ranged from 0.80 to 0.97 for the factors of PFS-P. Good content, face, criterion, and construct validity were observed for the PFS-P. In addition, a good reliability was found for both aggregate score of the PFS-P and the scores of its three factors. Relatively strong associations were found between BMI and the PFS-P score (r = 0.43). The hedonic hunger was significantly higher in women than men (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The findings of the present study provide further evidence in support of the suitability of PFS as a valid instrument to measure hedonic hunger. PFS-P can be used as a valid and reliable measure to assess hedonic hunger in Iranian populations. In addition, a moderately strong correlation was observed between BMI and hedonic hunger scores. This study revealed that women may experience hedonic hunger more than men. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level V, cross-sectional descriptive study.
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Textural Effects on Perceived Satiation and Ad Libitum Intake of Potato Chips in Males and Females. Foods 2020; 9:foods9010085. [PMID: 31941011 PMCID: PMC7022925 DOI: 10.3390/foods9010085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Food texture plays a critical role in influencing an individual’s perceived satiation and ad libitum intake. It remains unclear, however, whether such textural changes can also affect snack consumption. This study aimed to address this question by testing for changes in perceived satiation and ad libitum intake of two types of potato chips with varying hardness. In addition, the observed effect was compared across gender groups. With a crossover design, 74 participants (31 females and 43 males) performed a food consumption task for two types of chips produced from potatoes that were either untreated or treated with pulsed electric fields (PEF) technology. Sensory analyses indicated that these two types of chips had comparable hedonic value, despite a clear textural difference. Across sexes, the results revealed a significant difference in perceived satiation for the two types of chips (p = 0.009), but not in intake. By contrast, analyses of males alone revealed that male participants rated PEF-treated chips to be more satiating than the control chips and correspondingly consumed less (p < 0.05). Overall, findings from the study suggest that modifications of food texture can be a helpful tool in reducing energy intake from snack consumption. The contrasting results from different gender groups highlight the importance of considering gender effects in studies of eating behaviour.
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Osadchiy V, Mayer EA, Bhatt R, Labus JS, Gao L, Kilpatrick LA, Liu C, Tillisch K, Naliboff B, Chang L, Gupta A. History of early life adversity is associated with increased food addiction and sex-specific alterations in reward network connectivity in obesity. Obes Sci Pract 2019; 5:416-436. [PMID: 31687167 PMCID: PMC6819979 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroimaging studies have identified obesity-related differences in the brain's resting state activity. An imbalance between homeostatic and reward aspects of ingestive behaviour may contribute to obesity and food addiction. The interactions between early life adversity (ELA), the reward network and food addiction were investigated to identify obesity and sex-related differences, which may drive obesity and food addiction. METHODS Functional resting state magnetic resonance imaging was acquired in 186 participants (high body mass index [BMI]: ≥25: 53 women and 54 men; normal BMI: 18.50-24.99: 49 women and 30 men). Participants completed questionnaires to assess ELA (Early Traumatic Inventory) and food addiction (Yale Food Addiction Scale). A tripartite network analysis based on graph theory was used to investigate the interaction between ELA, brain connectivity and food addiction. Interactions were determined by computing Spearman rank correlations, thresholded at q < 0.05 corrected for multiple comparisons. RESULTS Participants with high BMI demonstrate an association between ELA and food addiction, with reward regions playing a role in this interaction. Among women with high BMI, increased ELA was associated with increased centrality of reward and emotion regulation regions. Men with high BMI showed associations between ELA and food addiction with somatosensory regions playing a role in this interaction. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that ELA may alter brain networks, leading to increased vulnerability for food addiction and obesity later in life. These alterations are sex specific and involve brain regions influenced by dopaminergic or serotonergic signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Osadchiy
- G. Oppenheimer Family Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, Ingestive Behavior and Obesity ProgramUniversity of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)Los AngelesCAUSA
- David Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)Los AngelesCAUSA
| | - E. A. Mayer
- G. Oppenheimer Family Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, Ingestive Behavior and Obesity ProgramUniversity of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)Los AngelesCAUSA
- David Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)Los AngelesCAUSA
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukin Division of Digestive DiseasesUniversity of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)Los AngelesCAUSA
- Ahmanson‐Lovelace Brain Mapping CenterUniversity of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)Los AngelesCAUSA
| | - R. Bhatt
- G. Oppenheimer Family Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, Ingestive Behavior and Obesity ProgramUniversity of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)Los AngelesCAUSA
- Pediatric Pain and Palliative Care ProgramUniversity of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)Los AngelesCAUSA
| | - J. S. Labus
- G. Oppenheimer Family Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, Ingestive Behavior and Obesity ProgramUniversity of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)Los AngelesCAUSA
- David Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)Los AngelesCAUSA
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukin Division of Digestive DiseasesUniversity of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)Los AngelesCAUSA
| | - L. Gao
- G. Oppenheimer Family Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, Ingestive Behavior and Obesity ProgramUniversity of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)Los AngelesCAUSA
| | - L. A. Kilpatrick
- G. Oppenheimer Family Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, Ingestive Behavior and Obesity ProgramUniversity of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)Los AngelesCAUSA
- David Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)Los AngelesCAUSA
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukin Division of Digestive DiseasesUniversity of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)Los AngelesCAUSA
| | - C. Liu
- G. Oppenheimer Family Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, Ingestive Behavior and Obesity ProgramUniversity of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)Los AngelesCAUSA
- David Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)Los AngelesCAUSA
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukin Division of Digestive DiseasesUniversity of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)Los AngelesCAUSA
| | - K. Tillisch
- G. Oppenheimer Family Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, Ingestive Behavior and Obesity ProgramUniversity of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)Los AngelesCAUSA
- David Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)Los AngelesCAUSA
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukin Division of Digestive DiseasesUniversity of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)Los AngelesCAUSA
- Pediatric Pain and Palliative Care ProgramUniversity of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)Los AngelesCAUSA
| | - B. Naliboff
- G. Oppenheimer Family Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, Ingestive Behavior and Obesity ProgramUniversity of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)Los AngelesCAUSA
- David Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)Los AngelesCAUSA
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukin Division of Digestive DiseasesUniversity of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)Los AngelesCAUSA
| | - L. Chang
- G. Oppenheimer Family Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, Ingestive Behavior and Obesity ProgramUniversity of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)Los AngelesCAUSA
- David Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)Los AngelesCAUSA
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukin Division of Digestive DiseasesUniversity of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)Los AngelesCAUSA
| | - A. Gupta
- G. Oppenheimer Family Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, Ingestive Behavior and Obesity ProgramUniversity of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)Los AngelesCAUSA
- David Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)Los AngelesCAUSA
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukin Division of Digestive DiseasesUniversity of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)Los AngelesCAUSA
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Mantzios M, Skillett K, Egan H. Examining the Effects of Two Mindful Eating Exercises on Chocolate Consumption. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1027/2512-8442/a000040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. The present study aimed to investigate and compare the impact of the Mindful Construal Diary (MCD) and the Mindful Raisin Exercise on the sensory tasting experience of chocolate and participants’ chocolate consumption. Participants were randomly allocated into three conditions (MCD, mindful raisin exercise, and mindless control), and engaged with either the MCD, the mindful raisin exercise, or, were asked to read a news article, respectively, while they ate a piece of chocolate. They then rated their satisfaction and desire to consume more chocolate on a 10-point Likert scale, and filled in a state mindful eating scale. Afterward, participants were informed that the study had ended and were asked to wait while the experimenter recorded some information, and any extra chocolate consumption during this time was recorded. Participants in both mindfulness conditions consumed significantly less chocolate after the exercise than participants in the control condition. No significant differences were found between the three conditions on ratings of satisfaction and desire to consume more chocolate. Both the MCD and the raisin exercise can be used to successfully moderate the intake of calorific foods, while the MCD can be utilized as an alternative practice to the typical meditation-based interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Mantzios
- Department of Psychology, Birmingham City University, United Kingdom
| | - Kirby Skillett
- Department of Psychology, Birmingham City University, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Egan
- Department of Psychology, Birmingham City University, United Kingdom
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Kotkowski E, Price LR, Franklin C, Salazar M, Woolsey M, DeFronzo RA, Blangero J, Glahn DC, Fox PT. A neural signature of metabolic syndrome. Hum Brain Mapp 2019; 40:3575-3588. [PMID: 31062906 PMCID: PMC6865471 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
That metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with age-related cognitive decline is well established. The neurobiological changes underlying these cognitive deficits, however, are not well understood. The goal of this study was to determine whether MetS is associated with regional differences in gray-matter volume (GMV) using a cross-sectional, between-group contrast design in a large, ethnically homogenous sample. T1-weighted MRIs were sampled from the genetics of brain structure (GOBS) data archive for 208 Mexican-American participants: 104 participants met or exceeded standard criteria for MetS and 104 participants were age- and sex-matched metabolically healthy controls. Participants ranged in age from 18 to 74 years (37.3 ± 13.2 years, 56.7% female). Images were analyzed in a whole-brain, voxel-wise manner using voxel-based morphometry (VBM). Three contrast analyses were performed, a whole sample analysis of all 208 participants, and two post hoc half-sample analyses split by age along the median (35.5 years). Significant associations between MetS and decreased GMV were observed in multiple, spatially discrete brain regions including the posterior cerebellum, brainstem, orbitofrontal cortex, bilateral caudate nuclei, right parahippocampus, right amygdala, right insula, lingual gyrus, and right superior temporal gyrus. Age, as shown in the post hoc analyses, was demonstrated to be a significant covariate. A further functional interpretation of the structures exhibiting lower GMV in MetS reflected a significant involvement in reward perception, emotional valence, and reasoning. Additional studies are needed to characterize the influence of MetS's individual clinical components on brain structure and to explore the bidirectional association between GMV and MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eithan Kotkowski
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTexas
- Department of RadiologyUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTX
| | - Larry R. Price
- Methodology, Measurement and Statistical Analysis CenterTexas State UniversitySan MarcosTexas
| | - Crystal Franklin
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTexas
| | - Maximino Salazar
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTexas
| | - Mary Woolsey
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTexas
| | - Ralph A. DeFronzo
- Texas Diabetes InstituteSan AntonioTexas
- Diabetes Research Unit and Diabetes DivisionUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTexas
| | - John Blangero
- Genomics Computing Center, South Texas Diabetes and Obesity InstituteUniversity of Texas Rio Grande ValleyBrownsvilleTexas
| | - David C. Glahn
- Department of PsychiatryYale University School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticut
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research CenterInstitute of Living, Hartford HospitalHartfordConnecticut
| | - Peter T. Fox
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTexas
- Department of RadiologyUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTX
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Szczygiel EJ, Cho S, Snyder MK, Tucker RM. Associations between chemosensory function, sweet taste preference, and the previous night’s sleep in non-obese males. Food Qual Prefer 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2019.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Chen W, Zhang S, Turel O, Peng Y, Chen H, He Q. Sex-based differences in right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex roles in fairness norm compliance. Behav Brain Res 2019; 361:104-112. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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