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Thomsen U, Veyhe AS, Strøm M. Dietary Intake of 14-15-Year-Old Faroese Adolescents by an Online Assessment Tool and Associations with Wellbeing and Health Behaviour. Nutrients 2024; 16:2621. [PMID: 39203758 PMCID: PMC11357399 DOI: 10.3390/nu16162621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
There is robust evidence linking diet and physical activity to major public health concerns such as cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, and osteoporosis. Dietary habits of children and adolescents are frequently discussed in health policy debates due to their modifiability, making them viable targets for prevention and health promotion initiatives. This study aimed to assess the dietary habits of 14-15-year-old Faroese adolescents using an online 24 h recall tool, examining their intake relative to public recommendations and exploring associations with health behaviour and wellbeing. A total of 78 participants (45 girls, 33 boys), with a mean age of 14.3 years, recorded their food intake and completed a questionnaire. Results indicated a higher intake of saturated fats and sugar and a lower intake of dietary fibre, n-3 fatty acids, fruits, and vegetables compared to recommendations. Healthier food intake was associated with better health behaviour and wellbeing. This very first study of Faroese adolescents' overall diet underscores the need for health-promoting interventions, and suggests the feasibility of using an online 24 h recall tool for dietary assessment in this age group, albeit with necessary adjustments for Faroese language and traditional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Unn Thomsen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Faroe Islands, FO-100 Tórshavn, Faroe Islands; (U.T.); (A.S.V.)
| | - Anna Sofía Veyhe
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Faroe Islands, FO-100 Tórshavn, Faroe Islands; (U.T.); (A.S.V.)
| | - Marin Strøm
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Faroe Islands, FO-100 Tórshavn, Faroe Islands; (U.T.); (A.S.V.)
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, 2300 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Poličnik R, Hristov H, Lavriša Ž, Farkaš J, Smole Možina S, Koroušić Seljak B, Blaznik U, Gregorič M, Pravst I. Dietary Intake of Adolescents and Alignment with Recommendations for Healthy and Sustainable Diets: Results of the SI.Menu Study. Nutrients 2024; 16:1912. [PMID: 38931267 PMCID: PMC11206795 DOI: 10.3390/nu16121912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The SI.Menu study offers the latest data on the dietary intake of Slovenian adolescents aged 10 to 17. The purpose of this study is to comprehensively assess their dietary intake (energy and nutrients) and compare their food intakes with dietary recommendations for healthy and sustainable diets. METHODS The cross-sectional epidemiological dietary study SI.Menu (March 2017-April 2018) was conducted on a representative sample of Slovenian adolescents aged 10 to 17 years (n = 468) (230 males and 238 females). Data on dietary intake were gathered through two non-consecutive 24 h recalls, in line with the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) EU Menu methodology. The repeated 24 h Dietary Recall (HDR) and Food Propensity Questionnaire (FPQ) data were combined to determine the usual intakes of nutrients and food groups, using the Multiple Source Method (MSM) program. RESULTS Adolescents' diets significantly deviate from dietary recommendations, lacking vegetables, milk and dairy products, nuts and seeds, legumes, and water, while containing excessive meat (especially red meat) and high-sugar foods. This results in insufficient intake of dietary fibre, and nutrients such as vitamin D, folate, and calcium. CONCLUSIONS The dietary intake of Slovenian adolescents does not meet healthy and sustainable diet recommendations. This study provides an important insight into the dietary habits of Slovenian adolescents that could be useful for future public health strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rok Poličnik
- National Institute of Public Health, Trubarjeva Cesta 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (J.F.); (U.B.); (M.G.)
| | - Hristo Hristov
- Nutrition Institute, Koprska Ulica 98, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (H.H.); (Ž.L.); (I.P.)
| | - Živa Lavriša
- Nutrition Institute, Koprska Ulica 98, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (H.H.); (Ž.L.); (I.P.)
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva Ulica 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Jerneja Farkaš
- National Institute of Public Health, Trubarjeva Cesta 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (J.F.); (U.B.); (M.G.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- General Hospital Murska Sobota, Ulica dr. Vrbnjaka 6, Rakičan, Sl-9000 Murska Sobota, Slovenia
| | - Sonja Smole Možina
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva Ulica 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Barbara Koroušić Seljak
- Computer System Department, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova Cesta 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Urška Blaznik
- National Institute of Public Health, Trubarjeva Cesta 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (J.F.); (U.B.); (M.G.)
| | - Matej Gregorič
- National Institute of Public Health, Trubarjeva Cesta 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (J.F.); (U.B.); (M.G.)
| | - Igor Pravst
- Nutrition Institute, Koprska Ulica 98, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (H.H.); (Ž.L.); (I.P.)
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva Ulica 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
- VIST-Faculty of Applied Sciences, Gerbičeva Cesta 51A, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Braga BC, Nguyen PH, Tran LM, Hoang NT, Bannerman B, Doyle F, Folson G, Gangupantulu R, Karachiwalla N, Kolt B, McCloskey P, Palloni G, Thi Tran TH, Thuy Thi Trơưng D, Hughes D, Gelli A. Feasibility of Using an Artificial Intelligence-based Telephone Application for Dietary Assessment and Nudging to Improve the Quality of Food Choices of Female Adolescents in Vietnam: Evidence from a Randomized Pilot Study. Curr Dev Nutr 2024; 8:102063. [PMID: 38817706 PMCID: PMC11137395 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2023.102063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Adolescent nutrition has faced a policy neglect, partly owing to the gaps in dietary intake data for this age group. The Food Recognition Assistance and Nudging Insights (FRANI) is a smartphone application validated for dietary assessment and to influence users toward healthy food choices. Objectives This study aimed to assess the feasibility (adherence, acceptability, and usability) of FRANI and its effects on food choices and diet quality in female adolescents in Vietnam. Methods Adolescents (N = 36) were randomly selected from a public school and allocated into 2 groups. The control group received smartphones with a version of FRANI limited to dietary assessment, whereas the intervention received smartphones with gamified FRANI. After the first 4 wk, both groups used gamified FRANI for further 2 wk. The primary outcome was the feasibility of using FRANI as measured by adherence (the proportion of completed food records), acceptability and usability (the proportion of participants who considered FRANI acceptable and usable according to answers of a Likert questionnaire). Secondary outcomes included the percentage of meals recorded, the Minimum Dietary Diversity for Women (MDDW) and the Eat-Lancet Diet Score (ELDS). Dietary diversity is important for dietary quality, and sustainable healthy diets are important to reduce carbon emissions. Poisson regression models were used to estimate the effect of gamified FRANI on the MDDW and ELDS. Results Adherence to the application was 82% and the percentage of meals recorded was 97%. Acceptability and usability were 97%. MDDW in the intervention group was 1.07 points (95% CI: 0.98, 1.18; P = 0.13) greater than that in the control (constant = 4.68); however, the difference was not statistically significant. Moreover, ELDS in the intervention was 1.09 (95% CI: 1.01, 1.18; P = 0.03) points greater than in the control (constant = 3.67). Conclusions FRANI was feasible and may be effective to influence users toward healthy food choices. Research is needed for FRANI in different contexts and at scale.The trial was registered at the International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial Number as ISRCTN 10681553.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca C Braga
- Friedman School of Nutrition Policy and Science, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Phuong H Nguyen
- Nutrition, Health and Diet, International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, DC, United States
- Thai Nguyen University of Pharmacy and Medicine, Thai Nguyen, Vietnam
| | - Lan Mai Tran
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | | | - Boateng Bannerman
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Frank Doyle
- College of Agricultural Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, United States
| | - Gloria Folson
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Rohit Gangupantulu
- College of Agricultural Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, United States
| | - Naureen Karachiwalla
- Nutrition, Health and Diet, International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Bastien Kolt
- Nutrition, Health and Diet, International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Peter McCloskey
- College of Agricultural Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, United States
| | - Giordano Palloni
- Nutrition, Health and Diet, International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, DC, United States
| | | | | | - David Hughes
- College of Agricultural Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, United States
| | - Aulo Gelli
- Nutrition, Health and Diet, International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, DC, United States
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Thapa A, Lahti T, Maukonen M, Partonen T. Consumption of fruits and vegetables and its association with sleep duration among Finnish adult population: a nationwide cross-sectional study. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1319821. [PMID: 38818133 PMCID: PMC11137275 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1319821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Sleep and diet are crucial determinants of overall health and wellbeing, with the potential to mutually influence each other. This study examined the association between sleep duration and fruits and vegetables (FV) consumption among Finnish adults. Methods The study analyzed data from the National FinHealth 2017 Study involving 5,043 adults aged 18 years and above. Participants reported their habitual sleep duration, and dietary consumption through a validated self-administered questionnaire. Confounders such as demographic, socio-economic factors, and chronotype were considered. A sensitivity analysis, which excluded energy under-reporters, was conducted to validate the findings. Results Mean dietary consumption was compared across three sleep duration categories (short, normal, long), revealing that short sleepers consumed 37 g/d fewer FV, and long sleepers consumed 73 g/d fewer FV than normal sleepers. Binary logistic regression analyses consistently demonstrated significant negative association between FV consumption and both short and long sleep duration across all models, even when adjusted for a range of covariates. Linear regression analyses revealed a positive but non-significant association between sleep duration and FV consumption that became significant when excluding energy under-reporters, particularly in model 1. Discussion This study suggests a consistent pattern where deviation from normal sleep duration was associated with decreased FV consumption, suggesting the need for considering sleep patterns in dietary intervention. The substantial role of accurate energy reporting in explaining these associations is highlighted. Further research, including longitudinal studies, is needed to better understand the mechanisms underlying these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupa Thapa
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuuli Lahti
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Master School, Health and Wellbeing, Turku University of Applied Sciences, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Timo Partonen
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
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Laamanen SE, Eloranta AM, Haapala EA, Sallinen T, Schwab U, Lakka TA. Associations of diet quality and food consumption with serum biomarkers for lipid and amino acid metabolism in Finnish children: the PANIC study. Eur J Nutr 2024; 63:623-637. [PMID: 38127151 PMCID: PMC10899368 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03293-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the associations of overall diet quality and dietary factors with serum biomarkers for lipid and amino acid metabolism in a general population of children. METHODS We studied 194 girls and 209 boys aged 6-8 years participating in the Physical Activity and Nutrition in Children study. Food consumption was assessed by 4-day food records and diet quality was quantified by the Finnish Children Healthy Eating Index (FCHEI). Fasting serum fatty acids, amino acids, apolipoproteins, as well as lipoprotein particle sizes were analyzed with high-throughput nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Data were analyzed using linear regression adjusted for age, sex, and body fat percentage. RESULTS FCHEI was directly associated with the ratio of polyunsaturated (PUFA) to saturated fatty acids (SFA) (PUFA/SFA), the ratio of PUFA to monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) (PUFA/MUFA), the ratio of PUFA to total fatty acids (FA) (PUFA%), the ratio of omega-3-fatty acids to total FA (omega-3 FA%), and inversely associated with the ratio of MUFA to total FA (MUFA%), alanine, glycine, histidine and very-low density lipoprotein (VLDL) particle size. Consumption of vegetable oils and vegetable-oil-based margarine (≥ 60% fat) was directly associated with PUFA/SFA, PUFA/MUFA, PUFA%, the ratio of omega-6 FA to total FA (omega-6 FA%), and inversely associated with SFA, MUFA, SFA to total FA (SFA%), MUFA%, alanine and VLDL particle size. Consumption of high-fiber grain products directly associated with PUFA/SFA, PUFA/MUFA, omega-3 FA%, omega-6 FA%, PUFA% and inversely associated with SFA and SFA%. Fish consumption directly related to omega-3 FA and omega-3 FA%. Consumption of sugary products was directly associated with histidine and VLDL particle size. Vegetable, fruit, and berry consumption had direct associations with VLDL particle size and the ratio of apolipoprotein B to apolipoprotein A1. Consumption of low fat (< 1%) milk was directly associated with phenylalanine. A higher consumption of high-fat (≥ 1%) milk was associated with lower serum MUFA/SFA and higher SFA%. Sausage consumption was directly related to SFA% and histidine. Red meat consumption was inversely associated with glycine. CONCLUSIONS Better diet quality, higher in intake of dietary sources of unsaturated fat and fiber, and lower in sugary product intake were associated with more favorable levels of serum biomarkers for lipid and amino acid metabolism independent of adiposity. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01803776, registered March 3, 2013.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvi E Laamanen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Aino-Maija Eloranta
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Eero A Haapala
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Taisa Sallinen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ursula Schwab
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Timo A Lakka
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland
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Kaur S. Barriers to consumption of fruits and vegetables and strategies to overcome them in low- and middle-income countries: a narrative review. Nutr Res Rev 2023; 36:420-447. [PMID: 36004512 DOI: 10.1017/s0954422422000166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This review provides an overview of the barriers to the consumption of fruits and vegetables (FVs) as well as strategies to improve the intake of FVs in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The importance of the consumption of FVs and its role in disease prevention are discussed briefly. Trends in the consumption of FVs in LMICs are also summarised. The WHO recommends that every individual should consume at least five servings or 400 grams of FVs per day. Epidemiological and clinical investigations have demonstrated that FVs contain numerous bioactive compounds with health-protecting activities. Despite their health benefits, the intake of FVs in LMICs remains low. Major barriers identified were socio-demographic factors, environmental conditions, individual and cultural factors, and macrosystem influences. These barriers may be lowered at the household, school, community, and national level through multi-component interventions including behaviour change communication (BCC) initiatives, nutrition education (NE), gardening initiatives, farm to institution programs (FIPs), food baskets, cash transfers, nutrition-agriculture policy and program linkages, and food-market environment-based strategies. This review has research implications due to the positive outcomes of strategies that lower such barriers and boost consumption of FVs in LMICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukhdeep Kaur
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab141004, India
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Morgado MC, Sousa M, Coelho AB, Vale S, Costa JA, Seabra A. Effects of "Football and Nutrition for Health" program on body composition, physical fitness, eating behaviours, nutritional knowledge, and psychological status among 7 to 10 years school children. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1251053. [PMID: 38027281 PMCID: PMC10663241 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1251053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Noncommunicable diseases and obesity are between the major health threat due to consumption of unhealthy foods and limited time spent on physical activities, a situation of particular concern among children. Since children spend most of their time at school, this study intends to investigate the effect of a school intervention program, which combines recreational football and nutrition education, on body composition, physical fitness, physical activity, blood pressure and heart rate, eating behaviours, nutritional knowledge, and psychological status in elementary school children. Methods A total of 67 children, between 7 and 10 years old, were allocated into three groups: the Football Group (FG) which held 2 weekly sessions of 60 min of recreational football, the Nutrition and Football Group (NFG) which held 2 sessions per week of 60 min of recreational football plus 60 min of nutritional education and the Control Group (CG) which maintained its usual curriculum. The intervention lasted 12 weeks. All measurements were collected before and after the intervention. Results Intervention groups significantly (p < 0.05) improved BMI Z-score, rest heart rate, horizontal jump and shuttle test, physical activity level, and psychosocial health. The NFG group significantly decreased (p < 0.05) waist-to-height ratio and blood pressure, and significantly increased (p < 0.05) nutritional knowledge, fruit, and fish consumption. While FG significantly decreased (p < 0.05) the percentage of fat mass and significantly increased (p < 0.05) muscle mass and performance in the 20 m sprint. Discussion The results have shown to improve nutritional status, explosive strength, aerobic and neuromuscular fitness, as well as increase the level of physical activity. The nutritional education sessions contributed to increase nutritional knowledge and to improve the consumption of healthy food groups in a ludic-educational way. The "Football and Nutrition for Health" program was able to induce short-term improvements in several health markers, highlighting the role of the school curriculum in children's health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micaela C. Morgado
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Portugal Football School (PFS), Portuguese Football Federation (FPF), Cruz Quebrada - Dafundo, Portugal
| | - Mónica Sousa
- CIDEFES, Universidade Lusófona, Lisboa, Portugal
- CINTESIS@RISE, NOVA Medical School (NMS), Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (FCM), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - André B. Coelho
- Research Center for Sport and Physical Activity (CIDAF), Faculty of Sports Science and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Susana Vale
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Porto School of Education, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Júlio A. Costa
- Portugal Football School (PFS), Portuguese Football Federation (FPF), Cruz Quebrada - Dafundo, Portugal
| | - André Seabra
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Portugal Football School (PFS), Portuguese Football Federation (FPF), Cruz Quebrada - Dafundo, Portugal
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Habib-Mourad C, Maliha C, Kassis A, Nguyen AT, Ammar D, Haji E, AlTarazi L, Totah S, Hwalla N. A randomised controlled school-based nutritional intervention in five Middle Eastern countries: Ajyal Salima improved students' dietary and physical activity habits. Public Health Nutr 2023; 26:2036-2047. [PMID: 37622209 PMCID: PMC10564613 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980023001489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to measure the impact of the Ajyal Salima school intervention on nutrition and physical activity outcomes in children aged 9–11 years. DESIGN The study was a 1-year cluster-randomised controlled trial. Ajyal Salima used a multi-component approach including classroom activities, family programme and food service adaptation. Outcomes included daily intake of breakfast, frequency of healthy and unhealthy food consumption, frequency of physical activity, knowledge score and self-efficacy score. Intervention and control groups were compared for all main outcomes and a post-intervention qualitative evaluation assessed strengths and limitations of the intervention components. SETTING Schools in five countries – Lebanon, Jordan, Palestine, Saudi Arabia and Bahrain. PARTICIPANTS Schools were selected by Ministries of Health and Education within their jurisdictions. Forty-five intervention schools (6052 students) and forty-six control schools (6200 students) were included in the analysis. RESULTS The intervention group had a significantly higher odds of consuming breakfast daily (OR 95 % CI = 1·60, 1·35, 1·90), consuming healthy foods (OR 95 % CI = 1·60, 1·39, 1·84) and a decreased odds of consuming unhealthy foods and sweetened beverages (OR, 95 % CI = 0·70, 0·60, 0·81). Additionally, school children in the intervention group, as compared with the control group, were 47 % more likely to exercise outside school hours (OR 95 % CI = 1·47, 1·23, 1·76). Lastly, children in the intervention group had a significantly improved nutritional knowledge score and improved self-efficacy by 1·3 score unit and 1·1 score unit, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The Ajyal Salima intervention led to significant improvements in dietary and physical activity habits among school children and increased nutritional knowledge scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Habib-Mourad
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Riad El-Solh, Beirut1107 2020, Lebanon
| | - Carla Maliha
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Riad El-Solh, Beirut1107 2020, Lebanon
| | - Amira Kassis
- Whiteboard Nutrition Science, 142 York Road, Beaconsfield, Canada
| | - Anh Thi Nguyen
- The Association for Canadian Studies and Metropolis Institute, 50-1980 Sherbrooke, Street West Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Diala Ammar
- Department of health and Physical Education, Mount Royal University, 4825 Mount Royal Gate, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Eman Haji
- Ministry of Health, Building 929, Road 1015, Sanabis410, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Lina AlTarazi
- Royal Health Awareness Society, Muhammad As-Saeed Al-Batayni St., Amman11821, Jordan
| | | | - Nahla Hwalla
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Riad El-Solh, Beirut1107 2020, Lebanon
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Kotnik KZ, Seljak BK, Gregorič M, Jurak G, Golja P. Questionable advisability of vitamin and mineral dietary supplement use in adolescents. BMC Nutr 2023; 9:110. [PMID: 37770942 PMCID: PMC10537492 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-023-00768-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Present study aimed to assess potential health risk in Slovenian adolescents due to inadequate diet and/or dietary supplement (DS) use. METHODS Data on DS use, micronutrient intake (24-h recall), eating habits (FFQ), body height and mass were collected within ACDSi (Analysis of Children's Development in Slovenia) cross-sectional study conducted in 2014. Adolescents enrolled in first year of 15 secondary schools (average (SD) age: 15.4 (0.7) years, N = 342) were included in the sample. RESULTS Adolescents' use of DS (especially multivitamins ingested as a popular drink (60%), magnesium (16%), and vitamin C (10%)) significantly contributed to their absolute intake of vitamins/minerals, resulting in higher percentage of DS users meeting reference values proposed by the nutrition societies of Germany, Austria, and Switzerland (D-A-CH recommendation). Simultaneously, DS users did not exceed the upper tolerable level proposed by the European Food Safety Authority for daily intake. With diet alone, adolescents consumed less than recommended amounts of the following vitamins/minerals: the intake was lowest for fat-soluble vitamins A, D, and E; water-soluble vitamins folate, biotin, and pantothenic acid; and minerals fluoride, iodine, chromium, and molybdenum. Suboptimal intake was due to the fact that around ¾ of adolescents consumed less than 54% of the recommended amounts (according to Optimized Mixed Diet (OMD) recommendations) for fruits, vegetables, milk/dairy products, fish, and cereals/cereal products. In contrast, the diet contributed to the consumption of 200-300% of D-A-CH minimum value for sodium. Furthermore, almost ¾ of adolescents exceeded the recommended amount for meat/meat products (320% of OMD) and sweet/salty snacks (453% of OMD). CONCLUSIONS Although DS use improved micronutrient intake in adolescents (especially vitamin C and magnesium), activities on public-health interventions should be focus to improve their diets, especially to achieve increased intakes of fruits, vegetables, cereals/cereal products and milk/dairy products, and to reduce consumption of sweet/salty snacks and meat products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Zdešar Kotnik
- Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Biology, University of Ljubljana, Vecna pot 111, Ljubljana, SI-1000 Slovenia
| | | | - Matej Gregorič
- National Institute of Public Health, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Gregor Jurak
- Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Petra Golja
- Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Biology, University of Ljubljana, Vecna pot 111, Ljubljana, SI-1000 Slovenia
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Blom WM, Westerhout J, Houben GF. The 50th percentile of the general population single eating occasion intake of food is optimal for the calculation of action levels for precautionary allergen labelling. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 179:113953. [PMID: 37481229 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Lack of guidance regarding selection of food intake values for allergen risk assessment can lead to different outcomes for similar levels of allergens in food products. Several food consumption survey databases (United States, North-West Europe, and Netherlands) were analyzed to identify optimal food intake percentiles using a sensitivity analysis. Deterministic risk assessment scenarios using the 50th percentile up to the maximum intake per food group were compared with probabilistic risk assessment outcomes. The optimal intake percentile is the lowest percentile that results in a deterministic risk assessment outcome compliant with the predefined safety objective, i.e., the predefined risk of an objective allergic reaction at ED01, ED2.5, ED05 or ED10 doses of 14 allergenic foods. The P50 intake met these criteria in more than 99.9% of all 28,784 scenarios tested. The P50 is therefore recommended for deterministic allergen risk assessment and calculation of action levels for precautionary allergen labelling. In case a P50 value is not available, the mean is a good alternative, as analyses of the intake data showed that the mean generally is between the P50 and P65.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Marty Blom
- TNO, The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Joost Westerhout
- TNO, The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Geert F Houben
- TNO, The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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11
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Ma S, Wang H, Shen L, Dong Y, Zou Z. Higher vegetable consumption is related to a lower risk of cardiometabolic risk cluster among children and adolescents: A national cross-sectional study in China. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2023; 33:1748-1759. [PMID: 37414666 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2023.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Evidence about the association between vegetable consumption and cardiometabolic risk factors (CMRFs) cluster among children and adolescents was inconsistent. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of CMRFs and CMRFs cluster, and to evaluate their associations with vegetable consumption. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 14,061 participants aged 6-19 years were recruited from 7 provinces of China. A standard physical examination, including height, weight and blood pressure, was conducted. Information regarding CMRFs was obtained through anthropometric measurements and blood sample testing, while weekly frequency and daily servings of vegetable consumption data collected by questionnaires. Logistic regression models were used to analyze the odds ratios (OR) for associations between CMRFs, CMRFs cluster and vegetable consumption. The prevalence of no CMRFs cluster among children and adolescents was 26.4%. Participants whose daily vegetable consumption was 0.75-1.5 and ≥1.5 servings showed a lower risk of high blood pressure (HBP), high total cholesterol (TC), high triglyceride (TG), and high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) compared to those with daily vegetable consumption of <0.75 servings. Besides, higher average daily vegetable consumption was strongly associated with lower risks of CMRFs cluster. Stratified analyses showed that the protective effects of more vegetable intake on CMRFs cluster were profounder in boys and young adolescents. CONCLUSION More vegetable intake was associated with lower risks of CMRFs cluster in Chinese children and adolescents aged 6-19 years, which further highlighted the significance of vegetable consumption to improve the cardiometabolic risk status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Ma
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Lijuan Shen
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yanhui Dong
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Zhiyong Zou
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing 100191, China.
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12
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Olsson C, Hörnell A, Waling M. High availability of vegetables and fruit through government-funded school lunch is not reflected in 4th grade pupils' intake. Food Nutr Res 2023; 67:9405. [PMID: 37533447 PMCID: PMC10392862 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v67.9405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background An increased intake of vegetable and fruit (VF) through school meals can contribute to the prevention of non-communicable diseases. Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate what types of VF 4th grade pupils (10-11 years old) choose, how much they eat when they are given the opportunity to serve themselves from the daily vegetable buffet available at lunch, and whether this varies with socioeconomic background and gender. Design A cross-sectional study design was used where pupils' VF intake was measured during 5 days with a photographic method. In total, 196 pupils from nine public schools participated. Results The results show that pupils on average ate less than one type of VF per day from the vegetable buffet. Girls, pupils with a higher socio-economic status (SES) and those with a more frequent VF intake at home, ate more types of VF per day from the vegetable buffet than their counterparts. The median intake of VF from the vegetable buffet was generally low, 20.4 g/day. The intake was two thirds higher for pupils with higher SES in comparison with pupils with lower SES; 25 g/day versus14 g/day (P = 0.001). No gender differences in grams per day of VF were identified (P = 0.123). Discussion This study indicates that a well-stocked vegetable buffet as part of government-funded school lunch does not automatically contribute substantially to the recommended daily intake of VF among a sample of 4th grade pupils in a high-income country like Sweden. Conclusions The results of the study can be interpreted as a missed opportunity to increase the intentional consumption of VF among pupils in a way that would have implications for public health as well as attenuating differences between socioeconomic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maria Waling
- Maria Waling Department of Food, Nutrition and Culinary Science, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden.
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13
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Mudnić Ž, Gaši A, Rešetar J, Gajdoš Kljusurić J, Mišigoj-Duraković M, Sorić M, Panjkota Krbavčić I, Šatalić Z. Assessment of Nutrient Intake and Diet Quality in Adolescent Dietary Supplement Users vs. Non-Users: The CRO-PALS Longitudinal Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:2783. [PMID: 37375687 DOI: 10.3390/nu15122783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary supplement users tend to have a better diet quality and overall prudent lifestyle. The main goals of this research were to report the prevalence and type of dietary supplements among Croatian adolescents and to examine the differences in the diet quality among dietary supplement users vs. non-users at the beginning (15/16 y) and at the end of high school education (18/19 y). This research is based on results of the longitudinal CRO-PALS study in which 607 adolescents participated, who had complete dietary, anthropometric, and physical activity data at the beginning (15/16 y) and at the end of their high school education (18/19 y). The dietary assessment method used was a single multi-pass 24 h recall. Dietary supplement users were divided into two groups for the purposes of statistical analysis-users of vitamin and multivitamin preparations (VMV) and users of mineral and multivitamin preparations (MMV). As they aged, there was an increase in the consumption of dietary supplements, and the most frequently used preparation in both age groups was vitamin C (23.7% of users). Dietary supplement users had a higher intake of non-carbonated sweetened drinks and a lower intake of fruits and vegetables in both genders and both age groups. Fast food intake was higher among dietary supplement girl users and boys who were not dietary supplements users in both age groups. Dietary supplement users had a higher achieved average intake of most micronutrients (values obtained only from food) in both genders and both age groups (with exceptions for certain vitamins and minerals). By observing other parameters for assessing the diet quality in this research, we can conclude that girls who do not use dietary supplements have a better diet quality in both age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Željana Mudnić
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Amanda Gaši
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Josip Rešetar
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Ante Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jasenka Gajdoš Kljusurić
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Maroje Sorić
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, Horvaćanski zavoj 15, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, Gortanova ulica 22, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ines Panjkota Krbavčić
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zvonimir Šatalić
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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14
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Bell M, Ghatora R, Retsidou MI, Chatzigianni EE, Klentrou P. Energy Expenditure, Dietary Energy Intake, and Nutritional Supplements in Adolescent Volleyball Athletes versus Nonathletic Controls. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15071788. [PMID: 37049627 PMCID: PMC10096554 DOI: 10.3390/nu15071788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence suggests that athletes competing in team sports do not follow dietary recommendations. However, only few studies have investigated energy needs and supplement use in adolescent athletes, and whether they are meeting their energy requirements. This observational study examined energy expenditure, dietary energy intake, and use of nutritional supplements in 58 adolescent (14-17 years old) volleyball athletes (15 males, 43 females) and 58 age-matched nonathletic controls (13 males, 45 females). Participants completed an online survey including questions on demographic information, body mass, and a series of standardized questionnaires assessing energy expenditure, dietary energy, macronutrient, micronutrient, and supplement intake. Energy expenditure relative to body mass was higher in athletes than nonathletes by 13 kcal/kg/day (group effect, p < 0.001), and in males compared to females by 5.7 kcal/kg/day (sex effect, p = 0.004). Athletes had higher energy intake than nonathletes (+6.4 kcal/kg/day, p = 0.019) and greater consumption of fruits (p = 0.034), vegetables (p = 0.047), grains (p = 0.016), dairy (p = 0.038), meats and meat alternatives (p < 0.001), as well as higher intakes of fat (p < 0.001), carbohydrates, protein, sugar, fiber, vitamin C, calcium, and sodium (p = 0.05) compared to nonathletes. The average protein intakes exceeded the upper recommendations in all groups, suggesting that this is not a nutrient of concern for young volleyball athletes. However, athletes were only meeting 60% of the estimated energy requirements (EER) for their age, height, body mass, and physical activity score, (3322 ± 520 kcal/day), while nonathletes were meeting 74% of the EER (p < 0.001). The relative energy balance of male athletes was lower compared to both female athletes (p = 0.006) and male nonathletes (p = 0.004). Finally, more athletes reported using performance-related supplements than nonathletes, but there were no differences in the consumption of other dietary supplements. Overall, when compared to nonathletic controls, both male and female adolescent volleyball athletes were found to match their higher energy expenditure with a greater dietary energy intake; however, all adolescents were below the estimated energy requirements, a finding more profound among the volleyball athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison Bell
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Ravneet Ghatora
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
| | | | | | - Panagiota Klentrou
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
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15
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Gomes DR, Santos Neto ETD, Oliveira DSD, Salaroli LB. Characteristics associated with the consumption of in natura or minimally processed and ultra-processed foods in one Brazilian metropolitan region. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2023. [DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232023282.07942022en] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract This cross-sectional study aimed to analyze the sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics associated with the consumption of in natura or minimally processed and ultra-processed foods (UPFs) by adolescents in the Metropolitan Region of Greater Vitória, in Espírito Santo, Brazil. The data were obtained between 2016 and 2017. Logistic regression was adopted for the multivariate analysis. A total of 2,285 adolescents aged between 15 and 19 participated in the study. Greater consumption of minimally processed foods was associated with the adolescent doing paid work (OR=1.27; 95%CI=1.04-1.56), a high family income (OR=1.5; 95%CI=1.10-2.17), and engagement in physical activity (OR=1.9; 95%CI=1.45-2.63). Having brown/black skin (OR=1.3; 95%CI=1.02-1.61) and the habit of eating while surfing the web (OR=1.4; 95%CI=1.02-1.88) increased the chances of consuming UPFs. Being enrolled in a private school and being in the third/fourth year of high school reduced UPF consumption by 41.7% and 37.2%, respectively. It is concluded that greater purchasing power and engagement in physical activity influenced the consumption of minimally processed foods. On the other hand, self-reporting as brown/black and internet use increased the chances of greater UPF consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiene Rosa Gomes
- Universidade Federal do Oeste da Bahia, Brasil; Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Brazil
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16
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Zannidi D, Karatzi K, Karaglani E, Liatis S, Cardon G, Iotova V, Tsochev K, Chakarova N, Moreno LA, Flores-Barrantes P, Radó S, Rurik I, Lindström J, Makrilakis K, Manios Y. Children's food choices are highly dependent on patterns of parenting practices and food availability at home in families at high risk for type 2 diabetes in Europe: Cross-sectional results from the Feel4Diabetes study. J Hum Nutr Diet 2023; 36:62-74. [PMID: 35762034 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.13052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Food parenting practices, behaviours and food availability at home are associated with children's food choices; however, these associations have been mainly studied for each parenting practice separately and focused mostly on healthy populations. The aim of the study was to identify patterns of parenting practices (including data regarding food availability at home, food and physical activity-related behaviours and rewards) and to investigate their cross-sectional associations with children's food choices in families at high risk for type 2 diabetes (T2D). METHODS Data of parents and children (n = 2278), from the Feel4Diabetes study conducted in six European countries, were collected using validated questionnaires. The data analysed included children's food choices, food availability at home and food and physical activity-related parenting practices. Four patterns of parenting practices were identified using principal component analysis, and associations between those components and children's food choices were assessed using adjusted, individual linear regressions. RESULTS Parenting patterns focusing on unhealthy habits, such as allowing unhealthy snacks and unlimited screen time, providing higher availability of unhealthy foods at home, rewarding with snacks and screen time, were positively associated with children's unhealthy food choices (consumption of savoury/sweet snacks, fizzy drinks, etc.). The parenting patterns providing fruit/vegetables at home, consuming fruit, and being physically active with the child were positively associated with children's healthier food choices (consumption of fruit, vegetables, whole grain cereals, etc.). CONCLUSIONS Public health initiatives should focus on high-risk families for T2D, assisting them to adopt appropriate parenting practices and behaviours to promote healthier food choices for children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra Zannidi
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University of Athens, Kallithea, Athens, Greece
| | - Kalliopi Karatzi
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Quality of Life, Department of Food Science & Human Nutrition, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Eva Karaglani
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University of Athens, Kallithea, Athens, Greece
| | - Stavros Liatis
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, First Department of Propaedeutic Medicine, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Greet Cardon
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Violeta Iotova
- Deptarture of Paediatrics, Medical University, Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Kaloyan Tsochev
- Deptarture of Paediatrics, Medical University, Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Nevyana Chakarova
- Clinical Center of Endocrinology and Gerontology, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Luis A Moreno
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Instituto De Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Flores-Barrantes
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Sándorné Radó
- Department of Family and Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Imre Rurik
- Department of Family and Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Jaana Lindström
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Konstantinos Makrilakis
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, First Department of Propaedeutic Medicine, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Yannis Manios
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University of Athens, Kallithea, Athens, Greece.,Institute of Agri-food and Life Sciences, Hellenic Mediterranean University Research Centre, Heraklion, Greece (Agro-Health)
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17
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Gomes DR, Santos Neto ETD, Oliveira DSD, Salaroli LB. Characteristics associated with the consumption of in natura or minimally processed and ultra-processed foods in one Brazilian metropolitan region. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2023; 28:643-656. [PMID: 36651414 DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232023282.07942022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This cross-sectional study aimed to analyze the sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics associated with the consumption of in natura or minimally processed and ultra-processed foods (UPFs) by adolescents in the Metropolitan Region of Greater Vitória, in Espírito Santo, Brazil. The data were obtained between 2016 and 2017. Logistic regression was adopted for the multivariate analysis. A total of 2,285 adolescents aged between 15 and 19 participated in the study. Greater consumption of minimally processed foods was associated with the adolescent doing paid work (OR=1.27; 95%CI=1.04-1.56), a high family income (OR=1.5; 95%CI=1.10-2.17), and engagement in physical activity (OR=1.9; 95%CI=1.45-2.63). Having brown/black skin (OR=1.3; 95%CI=1.02-1.61) and the habit of eating while surfing the web (OR=1.4; 95%CI=1.02-1.88) increased the chances of consuming UPFs. Being enrolled in a private school and being in the third/fourth year of high school reduced UPF consumption by 41.7% and 37.2%, respectively. It is concluded that greater purchasing power and engagement in physical activity influenced the consumption of minimally processed foods. On the other hand, self-reporting as brown/black and internet use increased the chances of greater UPF consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiene Rosa Gomes
- Centro das Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Oeste da Bahia. R. da Prainha 1326, Morada Nobre (Gabinete 38). 47810-047 Barreiras BA Brasil. .,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo. Vitória ES Brasil
| | | | - Danila Soares de Oliveira
- Centro das Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Oeste da Bahia. R. da Prainha 1326, Morada Nobre (Gabinete 38). 47810-047 Barreiras BA Brasil.
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18
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Kolanowski W, Ługowska K, Trafialek J. The Impact of Physical Activity at School on Eating Behaviour and Leisure Time of Early Adolescents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph192416490. [PMID: 36554365 PMCID: PMC9779581 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192416490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: Diet and physical activity (PA) significantly impact health. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of long-term increase in organized PA level at school on the eating behaviour and leisure time of early adolescences in the period from the age of 10 to 12. (2) Methods: Children born in 2007 (n = 278) in groups with a standard (control group) and increased level of organized PA at school (4 and 10 h a week) were subjected to an anonymous follow-up survey. The questionnaire included 22 questions related to the eating behaviour and ways and frequency of leisure time PA. The study was conducted in the same groups in three assessment sessions in September 2017, 2018 and 2019. (3) Results: During the course of the study, it was shown improvement of eating behaviour in the increased PA group whereas decline in the standard PA one. The share of children with good and very good scores of eating behaviour decreased in the standard PA group from 56.89% to 54.54% and increased in the increased PA from 58.06% to 60.29%. In the increased PA group children more frequently than standard PA ate vegetables, fruits, fish, poultry meat, wholemeal bakery products, milk, dairy products and drinking tea without sugar, as well as ate breakfast. The standard PA children more frequently than increased PA ate high sugar and/or fat content food as sweets, savoury snacks and drank fizzy drinks as well as fast foods. The frequency of often undertaken leisure time PA increased in the increased PA group from 67% to 74%, while decreased in the standard PA from 58% to 52%. (4) Conclusions: Increase in organized PA at school beneficially influenced early adolescents' eating behaviour and frequency of leisure time PA during 2 years observation. It also increased early adolescents' awareness of healthy diet. Increased PA at school helps shaping healthy lifestyle among early adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Kolanowski
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lublin, 20-400 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-603842005
| | - Katarzyna Ługowska
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Siedlce University, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland
| | - Joanna Trafialek
- Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
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19
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Omidvar N, Doustmohammadian A, Shakibazadeh E, Clark CCT, Kasaii MS, Hajigholam-Saryazdi M. Effects of school-based interventions on Food and Nutrition Literacy (FNLIT) in primary-school-age children: a systematic review. Br J Nutr 2022; 129:1-20. [PMID: 36177745 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114522002811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This study systematically reviewed the evidence on interventions seeking to improve Food and Nutrition Literacy (FNLIT) functional, interactive and critical skills in primary school-aged children. Electronic databases, including PubMed/MEDLINE, SCOPUS, Web of Science, Cochrane, Pro-Quest and Google Scholar were systematically searched. Randomised and non-randomised controlled trials, pre-/post-test and case-control designs were included. The primary outcomes were three levels of FNLIT: functional, interactive and critical. All citations, full-text articles and abstract data were screened by two independent reviewers. Any conflicts were then resolved through discussion. The quality of the included studies was individually evaluated using the Effective Public Health Practice Project (EPHPP) quality assessment tool. Two reviewers extracted data from the included studies, and a descriptive analysis was performed. The quality of all eligible studies (n 19) was rated as moderate/weak. A wide variety of skill-building activities were introduced by programmes, including recipe skills/food preparation, food label literacy, food tasting, gardening harvesting, and supporting cultural practices and ethnic foods. Only four studies measured food literacy (FL) (food label literacy) via a valid measure. Most interventions focused on the functional level of FL, except for two programmes (one scored weak and one scored moderate). In most of the studies, delivery of intervention content was facilitated by teachers (n 15). Promising interventions were tailored to the needs and interests of students, incorporated into the existing curriculum and facilitated by teachers. The successful intervention strategies led to improvements in functional, partly interactive and critical skills. Future interventions should focus, holistically, on all aspects of FNLIT, especially interactive and critical skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasrin Omidvar
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azam Doustmohammadian
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Shakibazadeh
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Cain C T Clark
- Centre for Intelligent Healthcare, Coventry University, CoventryCV1 5FB, UK
| | - Maryam Sadat Kasaii
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Hajigholam-Saryazdi
- Library, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute; and Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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20
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Maneschy I, Moreno LA, Ruperez AI, Jimeno A, Miguel-Berges ML, Widhalm K, Kafatos A, Molina-Hidalgo C, Molnar D, Gottrand F, Donne CL, Manios Y, Grammatikaki E, González-Gross M, Kersting M, Dallongeville J, Gómez-Martinez S, De Henauw S, Santaliestra-Pasías AM. Eating Behavior Associated with Food Intake in European Adolescents Participating in the HELENA Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14153033. [PMID: 35893887 PMCID: PMC9332602 DOI: 10.3390/nu14153033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Adolescence is recognized as a time of rapid physiological and behavioral change. In this transition, eating behavior is still being formed and remains an integral part of a person’s lifestyle throughout his or her life. This study aims to assess eating behavior and associations with food intake in European adolescents. We included 2194 adolescents (45.9% boys), aged 12.5 to 17.5 years, from the cross-sectional HELENA study, with two completed 24 h recalls and complete questionnaire data on their eating behavior (Eating Behavior and Weight Problems Inventory for Children- EWI-C). Three subscales of the EWI were evaluated; they measured Strength and motivation to eat (EWI 1), Importance and impact of eating (EWI 2), and Eating as a means of coping with emotional stress (EWI 3). Since these subscales were specially focused on eating behavior, participants were classified as either Low (≤P75) or High (>P75) on each of the subscales. Our results showed a higher consumption of different types of food, in the EWI 1 scales, linked to the hunger and interest in eating, and we observed a relationship with the consumption of energy-dense products. This result was repeated in EWI 3, the subscale linked to emotional eating, where we also found higher consumption of energy-dense products. This study suggests that special features of eating behavior are associated with food intake in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivie Maneschy
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (L.A.M.); (A.I.R.); (A.J.); (M.L.M.-B.); (A.M.S.-P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Luis A. Moreno
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (L.A.M.); (A.I.R.); (A.J.); (M.L.M.-B.); (A.M.S.-P.)
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Azahara I. Ruperez
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (L.A.M.); (A.I.R.); (A.J.); (M.L.M.-B.); (A.M.S.-P.)
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Andrea Jimeno
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (L.A.M.); (A.I.R.); (A.J.); (M.L.M.-B.); (A.M.S.-P.)
| | - María L. Miguel-Berges
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (L.A.M.); (A.I.R.); (A.J.); (M.L.M.-B.); (A.M.S.-P.)
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Kurt Widhalm
- Division of Clinical Nutrition and Prevention, Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Anthony Kafatos
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, GR-71003 Herakleion, Greece;
| | | | - Dénes Molnar
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary;
| | - Fréderic Gottrand
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition, University Lille, Inserm U1286 INFINITE, CHU Lille, F59000 Lille, France;
| | - Cinzia Le Donne
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, 00178 Rome, Italy;
| | - Yannis Manios
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, GR-17671 Athens, Greece; (Y.M.); (E.G.)
- Institute of Agri-Food and Life Sciences, Hellenic Mediterranean University Research Centre, GR-71410 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Evangelia Grammatikaki
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, GR-17671 Athens, Greece; (Y.M.); (E.G.)
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 2 Blok A, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Marcela González-Gross
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- ImFINE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport-INEF, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mathilde Kersting
- Research Department of Child Nutrition, University Hospital of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ruhr-University Bochum, D-44791 Bochum, Germany;
| | - Jean Dallongeville
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Institut Pasteur de Lille, F59000 Lille, France;
| | - Sonia Gómez-Martinez
- Department of Metabolism & Nutrition, Institute of Food Science and Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN)-CSIC, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Stefaan De Henauw
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 2 Blok A, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Alba M. Santaliestra-Pasías
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (L.A.M.); (A.I.R.); (A.J.); (M.L.M.-B.); (A.M.S.-P.)
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
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de Hoogh IM, Reinders MJ, Doets EL, Hoevenaars FPM, Top JL. Design issues in personalized nutrition advice systems (Preprint). J Med Internet Res 2022; 25:e37667. [PMID: 36989039 PMCID: PMC10131983 DOI: 10.2196/37667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The current health status of the general public can substantially benefit from a healthy diet. Using a personalized approach to initiate healthy dietary behavior seems to be a promising strategy, as individuals differ in terms of health status, subsequent dietary needs, and their desired behavior change support. However, providing personalized advice to a wide audience over a long period is very labor-intensive. This bottleneck can possibly be overcome by digitalizing the process of creating and providing personalized advice. An increasing number of personalized advice systems for different purposes is becoming available in the market, ranging from systems providing advice about just a single parameter to very complex systems that include many variables characterizing each individual situation. Scientific background is often lacking in these systems. In designing a personalized nutrition advice system, many design questions need to be answered, ranging from the required input parameters and accurate measurement methods (sense), type of modeling techniques to be used (reason), and modality in which the personalized advice is provided (act). We have addressed these topics in this viewpoint paper, and we have demonstrated the feasibility of setting up an infrastructure for providing personalized dietary advice based on the experience of 2 practical applications in a real-life setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris M de Hoogh
- Research Group Microbiology & Systems Biology, Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research, Leiden, Netherlands
- Department of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Machiel J Reinders
- Wageningen Economic Research, Wageningen University & Research, Den Haag, Netherlands
| | - Esmée L Doets
- Wageningen Food & Biobased Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Femke P M Hoevenaars
- Research Group Microbiology & Systems Biology, Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Jan L Top
- Wageningen Food & Biobased Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
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Neighbourhood food typologies, fast food outlet visitation and snack food purchasing among adolescents in Melbourne, Australia. Public Health Nutr 2022; 25:729-737. [PMID: 34629138 PMCID: PMC9991780 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980021004298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Despite the increased attention on neighbourhood food environments and dietary behaviours, studies focusing on adolescents are limited. This study aims to characterise typologies of food environments surrounding adolescents and their associations with fast food outlet visitation and snack food purchasing to/from school. DESIGN The number of food outlets (supermarket; green grocers; butcher/seafood/deli; bakeries; convenience stores; fast food/takeaways; café and restaurants) within a 1 km buffer from home was determined using a Geographic Information System. Adolescents' self-reported frequency of fast food outlet visitation and snack food purchasing to/from school. Latent Profile Analysis was conducted to identify typologies of the food environment. Cross-sectional multilevel logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the relationships between food typologies, fast food outlet visitations and snack food purchasing to/from school. SETTING Melbourne, Australia. PARTICIPANTS Totally, 410 adolescents (mean age= 15·5 (sd = 1·5) years). RESULTS Four distinct typologies of food outlets were identified: (1) limited variety/low number; (2) some variety/low number; (3) high variety/medium number and (4) high variety/high number. Adolescents living in Typologies 1 and 2 had three times higher odds of visiting fast food outlets ≥1 per week (Typology 1: OR = 3·71, 95 % CI 1·23, 11·19; Typology 2: OR = 3·65, 95 % CI 1·21, 10·99) than those living in Typology 4. No evidence of association was found between typologies of the food environments and snack food purchasing behaviour to/from school among adolescents. CONCLUSION Local government could emphasise an overall balance of food outlets when designing neighbourhoods to reduce propensity for fast food outlet visitation among adolescents.
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Do Children and Adolescents with Overweight or Obesity Adhere to the National Food-Based Dietary Guidelines in Greece? CHILDREN 2022; 9:children9020256. [PMID: 35204978 PMCID: PMC8870155 DOI: 10.3390/children9020256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Childhood obesity increases the risk for metabolic disorders, but is also related to nutritional deficiencies, such as anemia and hypovitaminosis D. Although children/adolescents with overweight/obesity may have higher energy intake, their diet quality and diversity may be low. The present study aimed to evaluate the consumption of foods against the national food-based dietary guidelines in children and adolescents with overweight or obesity in Greece. Sociodemographic, anthropometric and lifestyle data were collected from a sample of 1467 children 2–18 years old (962 obese, 505 overweight, 51.2% females) in 2014–2017. The results of this study show that the consumption of dairy products, fruit, vegetables, legumes and fish by children/adolescents with overweight or obesity was lower than the national recommendations (ranging from a minimum of 39.5% for fish, to a maximum of 75.5% for cereal/potato/rice). Only the consumption of meat/poultry was found to exceed the national recommendation (estimated coverage of 131.3%). Moreover, a large proportion of participants regularly consumed various unhealthy foods/beverages. The present findings indicate that the majority of children/adolescents with overweight/obesity do not comply with the national food-based dietary guidelines in Greece. The implementation of new strategies to promote healthy diets among children/adolescents with overweight/obesity are urgently required.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the relationship between exposure to social media food messages and self-reported adolescent eating outcomes (including food intake, perceived norms and food literacy). DESIGN A cross-sectional survey was used to assess reported exposure to core and non-core food messages (including marketing messages) on social media, as well as reported food intake, perceived norms, food literacy, attitudes, self-regulation, among others. SETTING 18 secondary schools across Flanders, Belgium. PARTICIPANTS 1002 adolescents 11-19 years of age. RESULTS Self-reported exposure to food marketing and overall food messages on social media was positively associated with eating attitudes, behaviours, perceived norms and food literacy among adolescents. Interestingly, the relationship between food exposure and intake was shaped differently depending on food type; descriptive norms mediated the positive relationship between non-core food social media exposure and non-core food intake (e.g. indirect effect estimate on self-reported sweets consumption is 0·005, se 0·002, P < 0·01), while food literacy mediated the positive relationship between core food social media exposure and core food intake (e.g. indirect effect estimate on self-reported vegetable consumption is 0·01, se 0·003, P < 0·000). CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the significance of social media in relation to adolescent eating. There is an opportunity for health professionals to use social media in the promotion of core food among adolescents. We call for relevant policy actions to regulate the marketing of non-core food to adolescents on social media.
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Stea TH, Holvik K, Bryntesen CS, Myhre JB. Changes in food habits amongst Norwegian adolescents in 2016 and 2019 according to gender and socioeconomic status. Food Nutr Res 2021; 65:6262. [PMID: 35140558 PMCID: PMC8788659 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v65.6262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Monitoring dietary habits is important in order to identify risk groups and as a basis for targeted public health initiatives. Objective To study trends in consumption of selected foods and beverages from 2016 to 2019 amongst Norwegian adolescents according to gender and parental education. Design Repeated cross-sectional study amongst 25,996 adolescents, aged 14–17 years old. Consumption of selected food and beverages was measured by an online food frequency questionnaire and general linear models were applied to estimate changes in dietary habits. Results Between 2016 and 2019, we observed a reduced frequency of consumption of vegetables (from 4.7 to 4.4 times/week), fruit and berries (from 4.4 to 4.2 times/week), whole-grain bread (from 5.1 to 4.2 times/week), and fish (from 2.3 to 1.6 times/week). During this time period, we also observed a reduced frequency of consumption of salty snacks (from 2.1 to 1.9 times/week), sweets (from 2.3 to 2.0 times/week), sugar-sweetened beverages (from 2.8 to 2.6 times/week), and artificially sweetened beverages (from 2.2 to 1.5 times/week). In girls, there was a decrease in the reported frequency of consumption of fruit and berries (−4%, vs. no change in boys). The decrease in consumption frequency of whole-grain bread was larger in girls than in boys (−19% vs. −14%). Further, a 17% decrease in consumption of sweets was observed amongst adolescents with no or only one parent having college/university education compared to a 13% decrease in adolescents whose both parents had college/university education. Conclusion Our results showed a decrease in frequency of consumption of selected healthy and unhealthy food and beverages amongst adolescents between 2016 and 2019. The gender gap in consumption of fruit and berries and whole-grain bread seemed to decrease during this time period, and the socio-economic gap in consumption of sweets seemed to disappear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonje H. Stea
- Department of Health and Nursing Science, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
- Department of Child and Adolescence Mental Health, Sørlandet Hospital, Kristiansand, Norway
- Tonje H. Stea, Department of Health and Nursing Sciences, Faculty of Health and Sport, University of Agder, Service Box 422, NO-4604 Kristiansand, Norway.
| | - Kristin Holvik
- Department of Chronic Diseases and Ageing, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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Vieira M, Carvalho GS. Children Learn, Children Do! Results of the "Planning Health in School", a Behavioural Change Programme. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18189872. [PMID: 34574796 PMCID: PMC8469791 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18189872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The ‘Planning Health in School’ programme (PHS-pro) is a behavioural change intervention to assess and improve the eating habits of children, particularly the intake of fruit and vegetables, and to guide them towards healthy choices. The programme and its educational components are based on the Transtheoretical Model of stages of change to integrate nutritional literacy and build up problem-solving and decision-making skills. Children (n = 240, ages 10–12) of one large suburban school in Porto’s metropolitan area (Portugal) were evaluated throughout PHS-pro implementation during one school year in a repeated time–series design. Children’s outcome evaluations were conducted through seven 3-day food records for nine eating behaviour, documented after each learning module and through participatory activities which analysed attitudes, preferences and expectations. Changes were observed in children’s eating behaviour, supported by changes in motivation as perceived in their attitudes and expectations. Significant changes were found in a higher consumption of vegetable soup (p = 0.003), milk products (p = 0.024), and fruit (p = 0.008), while the consumption of high-energy dense food (p = 0.048) and soft drinks (p = 0.042) significantly decreased. No positive effects on fried food, water, vegetables and bread consumption were found. The PHS-pro intervention proved to be effective in developing healthy eating behaviour in young people.
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Abdollahi AM, Masento NA, Vepsäläinen H, Mijal M, Gromadzka M, Fogelholm M. Investigating the Effectiveness of an Educational Escape Game for Increasing Nutrition-Related Knowledge in Young Adolescents: A Pilot Study. Front Nutr 2021; 8:674404. [PMID: 34124123 PMCID: PMC8193978 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.674404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: As a pilot trial under the Games of Food consortium, this study assessed the effectiveness of an educational escape game alongside a self-study method as a nutrition knowledge intervention. Furthermore, this study explored the use of an escape game as an educational tool for young adolescents. Materials and Methods: Altogether three schools participated, one from Finland and two from the UK. Baseline questionnaires assessing knowledge were administered before intervention day. Participants from each class were randomly allocated by the researchers into either the escape game condition, where participants played a nutrition education escape game with a focus on plant-based protein sources, or the self-study condition, where participants received an educational leaflet with identical content. In addition to the knowledge post-assessment, the educational escape game condition answered an enjoyment and intrinsic motivation questionnaire to evaluate the game experience. Paired t-tests were used to determine significant changes within intervention conditions and ANCOVA was used to estimate the differences in knowledge. Results: The participants were 130 children (11–14 years), divided into educational escape game (n = 68) and self-study (n = 62) conditions. Both the educational escape game (20.7 vs. 23, p < 0.001) and self-study (21.1 vs. 23.1, p = 0.002) had improved overall knowledge scores. No significant differences in gained knowledge existed between groups. Of the educational escape game participants, 60% reported the game as mostly enjoyable and 46% reported added use and value for learning. Conclusion: The educational escape game condition was comparable to the self-study method for nutrition education in adolescents. However, since the educational escape game provides an enjoyable experience that may enhance intrinsic motivation to promote learning and possible behavior change, the use of escape games for nutrition education warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Abdollahi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Natalie A Masento
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Henna Vepsäläinen
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Michal Mijal
- Faculty of Management, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Mikael Fogelholm
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Li Y, Sun Z, Accatino F. Spatial distribution and driving factors determining local food and feed self‐sufficiency in the eastern regions of China. Food Energy Secur 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/fes3.296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- UMR SADAPT INRAE AgroParisTech Université Paris‐Saclay Paris France
- College of Resource and Environment University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Zhigang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- College of Resource and Environment University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Yellow River Delta Modern Agriculture Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- Zhongke Shandong Dongying Institute of Geography Dongying China
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Wadolowska L, Kostecka M, Kowalkowska J, Jeruszka-Bielak M, Tomaszewska M, Danielewicz A, Hamulka J. Sustainability of a Multi-Component Education Program (ABC of Healthy Eating) after Three Months and Nine Months: The Socioeconomic Context in Improving Nutrition Knowledge in Polish Teenagers. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13051661. [PMID: 34068863 PMCID: PMC8153617 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to evaluate the sustainability of a multi-component education (ABC-HEat) program related to healthy nutrition and lifestyle after three months and nine months and to assess the socioeconomic context in improving teenage nutrition knowledge. The study was designed as a clustered, controlled, education-based intervention. A sample was chosen and allocated into either an educated group (under intervention) or a control group (outside of intervention). The study covered 464 11–12-year-old students (educated/control 319/145). In the educated group, data were collected three times: before education, after three months and after nine months to measure the short- and the long-term effects of education, respectively. In the control group, data were collected in parallel. Changes in nutrition knowledge score (NKS, points) by sex, residence, family affluence scale (FAS) were the main outcome measures. The increase in the NKS was significantly higher in the educated group than in the control group—three months after education on average by 1.4 to 2.7 points (all p < 0.001) in the total sample and all subgroups, and nine months after education in rural residents by 2.2 points (p < 0.001) and in the total sample by 0.4 (p < 0.05). In the educated group, the chance of no increase in the NKS was higher in urban than rural residents after three months and nine months (adjusted odds ratios [OR] and 95% Confidence Intervals [95% CI]: 3.63, 1.80–7.31 and 2.99, 1.60–5.59, respectively, both p < 0.001) using the increase in the NKS by ≥4 points as a reference. The multi-component education program improved the nutrition knowledge of teenagers in the short term regardless of socioeconomic variables, but in the long term this effect was visible only in rural residents. It suggests that a special path of nutrition education addressed to urban teens may be required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Wadolowska
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Science, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Pl. Cieszynski 1, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland; (L.W.); (J.K.); (A.D.)
| | - Malgorzata Kostecka
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Life Sciences, 15 Akademicka Street, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-814-456-846
| | - Joanna Kowalkowska
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Science, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Pl. Cieszynski 1, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland; (L.W.); (J.K.); (A.D.)
| | - Marta Jeruszka-Bielak
- Department of Human Nutrition, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Science (SGGW-WULS), 159C Nowoursynowska Street, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland; (M.J.-B.); (J.H.)
| | - Marzena Tomaszewska
- Department of Food Gastronomy and Food Hygiene, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Science (SGGW-WULS), 159C Nowoursynowska Street, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Anna Danielewicz
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Science, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Pl. Cieszynski 1, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland; (L.W.); (J.K.); (A.D.)
| | - Jadwiga Hamulka
- Department of Human Nutrition, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Science (SGGW-WULS), 159C Nowoursynowska Street, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland; (M.J.-B.); (J.H.)
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Brettschneider AK, Lage Barbosa C, Haftenberger M, Lehmann F, Mensink GBM. Adherence to food-based dietary guidelines among adolescents in Germany according to socio-economic status and region: results from Eating Study as a KiGGS Module (EsKiMo) II. Public Health Nutr 2021; 24:1216-1228. [PMID: 33427143 PMCID: PMC8025090 DOI: 10.1017/s136898002100001x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dietary habits developed during childhood and adolescence are likely to continue into adulthood. An unbalanced diet may cause nutrient deficiencies and excessive energy intake; these enhance the risk for developing overweight and obesity and their co-morbidities. In the present analysis, food consumption of adolescents is described and evaluated against German food-based dietary guidelines with special focus on socio-economic status (SES) and region of residence. DESIGN Within the 'German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents' (KiGGS Wave 2), the cross-sectional 'Eating Study as a KiGGS Module' (EsKiMo II) was conducted from 2015 until 2017 to provide data about dietary behaviour. SETTING Germany. PARTICIPANTS 1353 adolescents aged 12-17 years from a nationwide representative sample with food consumption data from computer-assisted dietary history interviews. RESULTS The median consumption of fruits, vegetables, starchy foods and milk/dairy products among adolescents in Germany was below the recommendation. The median consumption of both meat/meat products and unfavourable foods, like confectionery, which should be consumed sparingly, was about 1·5 times the recommended amount. The total amount of beverages consumed by most adolescents was above the minimum amount recommended. Soft drink consumption of adolescents with a low SES was three to five times higher than soft drink consumption of adolescents with a high SES. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate the need for an improvement of dietary habits among adolescents in Germany. Further approaches to promote healthy diets in Germany should be continued, and the focus on social inequalities should be strengthened.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Kristin Brettschneider
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, General-Pape-Str. 62-66, Berlin 12101, Germany
| | - Clarissa Lage Barbosa
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, General-Pape-Str. 62-66, Berlin 12101, Germany
| | - Marjolein Haftenberger
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, General-Pape-Str. 62-66, Berlin 12101, Germany
| | - Franziska Lehmann
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, General-Pape-Str. 62-66, Berlin 12101, Germany
| | - Gert BM Mensink
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, General-Pape-Str. 62-66, Berlin 12101, Germany
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Tani Y, Fujiwara T, Isumi A, Doi S. Home Cooking Is Related to Potential Reduction in Cardiovascular Disease Risk among Adolescents: Results from the A-CHILD Study. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12123845. [PMID: 33339277 PMCID: PMC7766427 DOI: 10.3390/nu12123845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the association between the frequency of home cooking and cardiovascular disease risk among Japanese adolescents. We used cross-sectional data on adolescents from the 2018 Adachi Child Health Impact of Living Difficulty study, which targeted junior high school students aged 13–14 years in Adachi, Tokyo, Japan. Frequency of home cooking by 553 caregivers was assessed via questionnaire and classified as high (almost daily), medium (4–5 days/week), or low (≤3 days/week). Cardiovascular disease risk factors included blood pressure, serum cholesterol (total, LDL, and HDL), hemoglobin A1c, and body mass index. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that adolescents exposed to a low frequency of home cooking showed higher diastolic blood pressure (β = 3.59, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.42 to 6.75) and lower HDL cholesterol (β = −6.15, 95% CI: −11.2 to −1.07) than those exposed to a high frequency of home cooking, adjusting for adolescents’ sex, household income, and parental comorbidity. Future studies are needed to clarify the causal relationship and mechanisms through which home cooking influences adolescents’ cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukako Tani
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan; (Y.T.); (A.I.); (S.D.)
| | - Takeo Fujiwara
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan; (Y.T.); (A.I.); (S.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-5803-5187; Fax: +81-3-5803-5190
| | - Aya Isumi
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan; (Y.T.); (A.I.); (S.D.)
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Kojimachi, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan
| | - Satomi Doi
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan; (Y.T.); (A.I.); (S.D.)
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Kojimachi, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan
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The impact of diet during adolescence on the neonatal health of offspring: evidence on the importance of preconception diet. The HUNT study. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2020; 12:798-810. [PMID: 33256879 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174420001087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that parents' nutritional status before and at the time of conception influences the lifelong physical and mental health of their child. Yet little is known about the relationship between diet in adolescence and the health of the next generation at birth. This study examined data from Norwegian cohorts to assess the relationship between dietary patterns in adolescence and neonatal outcomes. Data from adolescents who participated in the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study (Young-HUNT) were merged with birth data for their offspring through the Medical Birth Registry of Norway. Young-HUNT1 collected data from 8980 adolescents between 1995 and 1997. Linear regression was used to assess associations between adolescents' diet and later neonatal outcomes of their offspring adjusting for sociodemographic factors. Analyses were replicated with data from the Young-HUNT3 cohort (dietary data collected from 2006 to 2008) and combined with Young-HUNT1 for pooled analyses. In Young-HUNT1, there was evidence of associations between dietary choices, meal patterns, and neonatal outcomes, these were similar in the pooled analyses but were attenuated to the point of nonsignificance in the smaller Young-HUNT3 cohort. Overall, energy-dense food products were associated with a small detrimental impact on some neonatal outcomes, whereas healthier food choices appeared protective. Our study suggests that there are causal links between consumption of healthy and unhealthy food and meal patterns in adolescence with neonatal outcomes for offspring some years later. The effects seen are small and will require even larger studies with more state-of-the-art dietary assessment to estimate these robustly.
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The diets of children: Overview of available data for children and adolescents. GLOBAL FOOD SECURITY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gfs.2020.100442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Eating Behaviour and Physical Fitness in 10-Year-Old Children Attending General Education and Sports Classes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17186467. [PMID: 32899483 PMCID: PMC7559846 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17186467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the body mass index (BMI), selected eating behaviour and physical fitness of children aged 10 years attending general education and sports classes in Siedlce. Subject children were 272 girls and boys mean aged 10.8-years attending general education (GC) and sports classes (SC). Survey questionnaires consisted of 18 questions about eating behaviour and physical activity. The BMI was determined for each child and compared with reference percentile charts. Eurofit testing was used to measure physical fitness. Increased physical fitness was positively correlated with beneficial eating behaviour among children. SC children showed significantly more frequent dietary intakes of milk, dairy products, poultry, fish, wholegrain bread, groats and vegetables when compared to GC ones. However, significantly more GC children ate red meat more frequently along with snacking on confectionery and savouries than SC ones. Most subjects fell within correct BMI percentile ranges. Underweight was more frequent in SC children at 12.85% than in GC children 9.88%. Overweight and obesity was most often observed in GC children (respectively 19.73% and 5.51%) compared to SC ones (respectively 14.37% and 3.8%). SC children achieved significantly better results in the Eurofit tests. The highest levels of physical fitness and most favourable BMIs and eating behaviour were observed more often among SC children than GC ones. The results confirmed the beneficial health effects of physical fitness for children.
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Dissatisfaction with Body Weight among Polish Adolescents Is Related to Unhealthy Dietary Behaviors. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12092658. [PMID: 32878216 PMCID: PMC7551787 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The aims of the study were to determine the socio-demographic factors that may affect body weight dissatisfaction and to analyze the relationship between eating habits and dissatisfaction with body weight among a national random sample of Polish adolescents aged 13–19 years. Data on gender, age, level of education, body weight status, screen time, body weight satisfaction and selected nutritional behaviors were collected using a questionnaire. Body mass status was assessed based on weight and height measurements. A total of 14,044 students from 207 schools participated in the study. A significant effect of gender, age, level of education, body weight status and screen time status on the participants’ dissatisfaction with the body weight was observed. The greater prevalence of body weight satisfaction was observed among boys, younger subjects, secondary school students, adolescents with normal body weight status and those with screen time up to 2 h. Whereas girls, older study participants (17–19 years old), overweight/obese adolescents and subjects with screen time over 4 h were more often dissatisfied with body weight. Furthermore, it has been shown that participants dissatisfied with their body weight less often met dietary recommendations. These findings can help dietitians, nutritionists and healthcare professionals to provide age-specific and gender-specific nutrition strategies to promote healthy lifestyle among school-going adolescents.
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Plaza-Díaz J, Molina-Montes E, Soto-Méndez MJ, Madrigal C, Hernández-Ruiz Á, Valero T, Lara Villoslada F, Leis R, Martínez de Victoria E, Moreno JM, Ortega RM, Ruiz-López MD, Varela-Moreiras G, Gil Á. Clustering of Dietary Patterns and Lifestyles Among Spanish Children in the EsNuPI Study †. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12092536. [PMID: 32825604 PMCID: PMC7551863 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary patterns (DPs) are known to be tied to lifestyle behaviors. Understanding DPs and their relationships with lifestyle factors can help to prevent children from engaging in unhealthy dietary practices. We aimed to describe DPs in Spanish children aged 1 to <10 years and to examine their associations with sociodemographic and lifestyle variables. The consumption of toddler and young children milk formulas, enriched and fortified milk within the Spanish pediatric population is increasing, and there is a lack of evidence whether the consumption of this type of milk is causing an impact on nutrient intakes and if they are helping to reach the nutrient recommendations. Within the Nutritional Study in the Spanish Pediatric Population (EsNuPI), we considered two study cohorts and three different age groups in three year-intervals in each of them. The study cohort included 740 children in a representative sample of the urban non-vegan Spanish population and 772 children in a convenience cohort of adapted milk consumers (AMS) (including follow-on formula, toddler’s milk, growing up milk, and fortified and enriched milks) who provided information about sociodemographics, lifestyle, and dietary habits; a food frequency questionnaire was used for the latter. Principal component analysis was performed to identify DPs from 18 food groups. Food groups and sociodemographic/lifestyle variables were combined through a hierarchical cluster algorithm. Three DPs predominated in every age group and study sample: a palatable energy-dense food dietary pattern, and two Mediterranean-like DPs. However, children from the AMS showed a predominant dietary pattern markedly related to the Mediterranean diet, with high consumption of cereals, fruits and vegetables, as well as milk and dairy products. The age of children and certain lifestyle factors, namely level of physical activity, parental education, and household income, correlated closely with the dietary clusters. Thus, the findings provide insight into designing lifestyle interventions that could reverse the appearance of unhealthy DPs in the Spanish child population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Plaza-Díaz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, Center of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n, 18016 Granada, Spain; (E.M.-M.); (E.M.d.V.); (M.D.R.-L.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria IBS.GRANADA, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, 18014 Granada, Spain
| | - Esther Molina-Montes
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, Center of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n, 18016 Granada, Spain; (E.M.-M.); (E.M.d.V.); (M.D.R.-L.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria IBS.GRANADA, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, 18014 Granada, Spain
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
| | - María José Soto-Méndez
- Iberoamerican Nutrition Foundation (FINUT), Armilla, 18016 Granada, Spain; (M.J.S.-M.); (Á.H.-R.)
| | - Casandra Madrigal
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
- Iberoamerican Nutrition Foundation (FINUT), Armilla, 18016 Granada, Spain; (M.J.S.-M.); (Á.H.-R.)
| | - Ángela Hernández-Ruiz
- Iberoamerican Nutrition Foundation (FINUT), Armilla, 18016 Granada, Spain; (M.J.S.-M.); (Á.H.-R.)
| | - Teresa Valero
- Spanish Nutrition Foundation (FEN), 28010 Madrid, Spain; (T.V.); (G.V.-M.)
| | | | - Rosaura Leis
- Department of Pediatrics, Unit of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition University Clinical Hospital of Santiago, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago, IDIS, Santiago de Compostela, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilio Martínez de Victoria
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, Center of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n, 18016 Granada, Spain; (E.M.-M.); (E.M.d.V.); (M.D.R.-L.)
- Department of Physiology, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - José Manuel Moreno
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Navarra Clinic, 28027 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Rosa M. Ortega
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - María Dolores Ruiz-López
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, Center of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n, 18016 Granada, Spain; (E.M.-M.); (E.M.d.V.); (M.D.R.-L.)
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
- Iberoamerican Nutrition Foundation (FINUT), Armilla, 18016 Granada, Spain; (M.J.S.-M.); (Á.H.-R.)
| | - Gregorio Varela-Moreiras
- Spanish Nutrition Foundation (FEN), 28010 Madrid, Spain; (T.V.); (G.V.-M.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, CEU San Pablo University, 28668 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángel Gil
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, Center of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n, 18016 Granada, Spain; (E.M.-M.); (E.M.d.V.); (M.D.R.-L.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria IBS.GRANADA, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, 18014 Granada, Spain
- Iberoamerican Nutrition Foundation (FINUT), Armilla, 18016 Granada, Spain; (M.J.S.-M.); (Á.H.-R.)
- CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-695466922
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Alblas EE, Folkvord F, Anschütz DJ, Van 't Riet J, Ketelaar P, Buijzen M. A Health Game Targeting Children's Implicit Attitudes and Snack Choices. Games Health J 2020; 9:425-435. [PMID: 32735454 DOI: 10.1089/g4h.2019.0103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The present study investigated whether a health game can be used to affect children's implicit attitudes toward food (IAsTF) and subsequent snack choices. Materials and Methods: The health game used was based on an evaluative conditioning paradigm. The experiment followed a between-subjects design with two conditions (health game vs. control), N = 79 (12.42 years ±1.64, body mass index: 25.06 ± 7.40). IAsTF were assessed at baseline and postintervention using an implicit association test (IAT). Baseline IAT scores were used to categorize IAsTF as healthy (favoring fruits) versus unhealthy IAsTF (favoring chocolates). In addition, three digital snack choices were recorded. Results: No main effect of condition on posttest IAsTF was found. However, baseline IAsTF moderated the effect of condition on posttest IAsTF; participants with less healthy baseline IAsTF playing the health game had healthier posttest IAsTF compared to those playing the control game. Regarding the snack choices, participants playing the health game favored fruit over chocolate in one of the snack choices. Baseline IAsTF did not moderate the effect of condition on snack choices. Conclusion: Tentative support was found that health games can be used to improve IAsTF, in particular among participants with less healthy ones at baseline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva E Alblas
- Department of Communication Science, Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Frans Folkvord
- Applied Social Science and Behavioral Economics Research Group, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain.,Tilburg School of Humanities and Digital Sciences, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Doeschka J Anschütz
- Department of Communication Science, Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jonathan Van 't Riet
- Department of Communication Science, Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Ketelaar
- Department of Communication Science, Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Moniek Buijzen
- Department of Communication Science, Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Akdeniz Kudubeş A, Bektas M. Orginal Article: Psychometric Properties of the Turkish Version of the Healthy Lifestyle Belief Scale for Adolescents. J Pediatr Nurs 2020; 53:e57-e63. [PMID: 32139234 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2020.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Measuring the adolescent awareness of healthy lifestyle behaviors and the self-efficacy needed to change behaviors is an important step in improving the health of this population. The Healthy Lifestyle Beliefs Scale is one such instrument, and it has been used to measure the healthy behaviors of adolescents in the United States. This study aims to extend this instrument by evaluating its validity and reliability in Turkish adolescents. METHODS This methodological, descriptive, correlational study was conducted on 843 adolescents between October 2019 and November 2019. Data were collected using a socio-demographic information form and the Healthy Lifestyle Beliefs Scale. Factor analysis, Cronbach's alpha, and item-total score analysis were used for the data analysis. RESULTS The scale consisted of 16 items and three subscales. The three subscales were found to explain 57.66% of the total variance. The total factor loading was >0.30 in both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. In the confirmatory factor analysis, all the goodness of fit indexes were >0.91, and the root mean square error of approximation was <0.08. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the overall scale was 0.90, and the Cronbach's alpha values for the subscales were 0.79-0.84. DISCUSSION The Healthy Lifestyle Beliefs Scale for adolescents was found to be a valid and reliable measurement tool for the Turkish sample. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Determining the healthy lifestyle beliefs of adolescents can contribute to the creation of healthy lifestyle behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Murat Bektas
- Dokuz Eylul University Faculty of Nursing, Turkey
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Paiement K, Drapeau V, Gilbert JA, Lemoyne J, Moreau N, Monthuy-Blanc J, Tremblay J, Marcil V, Mathieu ME. Changes in Lifestyle Habits among Adolescent Girls after FitSpirit Participation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17124388. [PMID: 32570878 PMCID: PMC7346009 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17124388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Adolescence is a crucial time in the development and maintenance of lifestyle habits. Interventions to improve health-related behaviors are important, including those that can contribute to an increase in physical activity (PA). During adolescence, PA typically decreases with age, particularly in girls. The FitSpirit program offers services that help Canadian schools from Quebec and Ontario implement PA interventions for adolescent girls. This study aimed to evaluate changes in participants' PA levels and lifestyle habits (sedentary time, sleep duration and eating habits) and to assess whether these changes depended on adherence to the Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines and Canada's Food Guide recommendations at enrollment. At the time of FitSpirit registration (between December 2018 and March 2019) and in May/June 2019, 73 participants answered online questionnaires. The participants reported improvements, with an increase in the number of days with PA and a decrease in daily consumption of sweets. The greatest changes were observed in those who did not adhere to the Canadian recommendations before enrollment and who significantly increased their number of days with PA and their consumption of fruits and vegetables, and decreased their screen time. In conclusion, participation in FitSpirit improved several health behaviors among adolescent girls, particularly those who did not comply with the Canadian recommendations at enrollment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Paiement
- École de Kinésiologie et des Sciences de L’activité Physique, Université de Montréal, 2100 boul. Édouard-Montpetit, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada; (K.P.); (J.-A.G.); (J.T.)
- Département de Nutrition, Université de Montréal, 2405 chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, QC H3T 1A8, Canada;
| | - Vicky Drapeau
- Département D’éducation Physique, Université Laval, 2300 rue de la Terrasse, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada;
| | - Jo-Anne Gilbert
- École de Kinésiologie et des Sciences de L’activité Physique, Université de Montréal, 2100 boul. Édouard-Montpetit, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada; (K.P.); (J.-A.G.); (J.T.)
| | - Jean Lemoyne
- Département des Sciences de L’act. Physique, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 33351 boul. des Forges, Trois-Rivières, QC G8Z 4M3, Canada;
| | - Nicolas Moreau
- School of Social Work, University of Ottawa, 120 University Private, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada;
| | - Johana Monthuy-Blanc
- GR2TCA-Loricorps, Groupe de Recherche Transdisciplinaire des Troubles du Comportement Alimentaire, Département des Sciences de l’Éducation, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 33351 boul. des Forges, Trois-Rivières, QC G8Z 4M3, Canada;
| | - Jonathan Tremblay
- École de Kinésiologie et des Sciences de L’activité Physique, Université de Montréal, 2100 boul. Édouard-Montpetit, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada; (K.P.); (J.-A.G.); (J.T.)
| | - Valérie Marcil
- Département de Nutrition, Université de Montréal, 2405 chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, QC H3T 1A8, Canada;
- Centre de recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175 chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Marie-Eve Mathieu
- École de Kinésiologie et des Sciences de L’activité Physique, Université de Montréal, 2100 boul. Édouard-Montpetit, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada; (K.P.); (J.-A.G.); (J.T.)
- Centre de recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175 chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-514-343-6736
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Doustmohammadian A, Omidvar N, Keshavarz-Mohammadi N, Eini-Zinab H, Amini M, Abdollahi M, Amirhamidi Z, Haidari H. Low food and nutrition literacy (FNLIT): a barrier to dietary diversity and nutrient adequacy in school age children. BMC Res Notes 2020; 13:286. [PMID: 32532341 PMCID: PMC7291429 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-020-05123-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aims to assess the relationship between Food and Nutrition Literacy (FNLIT) and dietary diversity score (DDS); FNLIT and nutrient adequacy (NAR%, MAR%) in school-age children in Iran. Results This cross-sectional study was undertaken on 803 primary school students in Tehran, Iran. Socio-economic, as well as three 24-h dietary recalls were collected through interviewing students and their mothers/caregivers. FNLIT was measured by a self-administered locally designed and validated questionnaire. Low level of FFNL was significantly associated with higher odds of low DDS (OR = 2.19, 95% CI 1.32–3.62), the first tertile of fruit diversity score (OR = 3.88, 95% CI 2.14–6.99), and the first tertile of dairy diversity score (OR = 9.60, 95% CI 2.07–44.58). Low level of IFNL was significantly associated with probability of lower meat diversity score (OR = 1.73, 95% CI 1.07–2.81). Low level of FLL was also significantly associated with probability of lower DDS (OR = 1.81, 95% CI 1.11–2.94), dairy diversity score (OR = 2.01, 95% CI 1.02–3.98), and meat diversity score (OR = 2.14, 95% CI 1.32–3.45).Low FNLIT and its subscales were associated with higher odds of low level of NAR of protein, calcium, vitamin B3, B6, B9, as well as the probability of lower level of MAR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azam Doustmohammadian
- Department of Nutrition Research, Department of Community Nutrition, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute (WHO Collaborating Center) and Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasrin Omidvar
- Department of Community Nutrition, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute (WHO Collaborating Center) and Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Hassan Eini-Zinab
- Department of Community Nutrition, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute (WHO Collaborating Center) and Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Amini
- Department of Nutrition Research, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute (WHO Collaborating Center) and Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Abdollahi
- Department of Nutrition Research, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute (WHO Collaborating Center) and Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeinab Amirhamidi
- Department of Community Nutrition, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute (WHO Collaborating Center) and Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Homa Haidari
- Department of Nutrition Research, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute (WHO Collaborating Center) and Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Viljakainen J, Raju SC, Viljakainen H, Figueiredo RADO, Roos E, Weiderpass E, Rounge TB. Meal Regularity Plays a Role in Shaping the Saliva Microbiota. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:757. [PMID: 32390990 PMCID: PMC7194025 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diet may influence health directly or indirectly via the human microbiota, emphasizing the need to unravel these complex relationships for future health benefits. Associations between eating habits and gut microbiota have been shown, but less is known about the association between eating habits and saliva microbiota. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate if eating habits and meal patterns are associated with the saliva microbiota. METHODS In total, 842 adolescents, aged 11-14 years, from the Finnish Health in Teens (Fin-HIT) study cohort were included in this study. Eating habits and breakfast and dinner patterns were derived from a web-based questionnaire answered in school. Three major eating habit groups were identified: fruit and vegetable avoiders (FV avoiders), healthy and unhealthy. Microbiota profiles were produced from 16S rRNA gene (V3-V4) sequencing of DNA from the saliva samples. Statistical models were adjusted for gender, age, parental language, body mass index (BMI) categories, and sequencing depth. RESULTS Regular breakfast eaters had a higher alpha diversity (Shannon index with mean (standard error of means) 2.27 (0.03) vs. 2.22 (0.03), p = 0.06, inverse Simpson's index with 6.27 (0.17) vs. 5.80 (0.02), p = 0.01), and slight differences in bacterial composition (PERMANOVA: p = 0.001) compared with irregular breakfast eaters. A similar trend in alpha diversity was observed between regular and irregular dinner eaters (Shannon index with 2.27 (0.03) vs. 2.22 (0.03), p = 0.054, inverse Simpson's index with 6.23 (0.17) vs. 6.04 (0.22), p = 0.28), while no difference was found in composition (PERMANOVA: p = 0.08). No differences were identified between eating habit groups and saliva microbiota diversity (Shannon index p = 0.77, inverse Simpson's index p = 0.94) or composition (PERMANOVA: p = 0.13). FV avoiders, irregular breakfast eaters and irregular dinner eaters had high abundances of Prevotella. CONCLUSION Regularity of eating, especially breakfast eating, was associated with more diverse saliva microbiota and different composition compared with irregular eaters. However, the dissimilarities in composition were small between regular and irregular breakfast eaters. Our results suggest that Prevotella abundances in saliva were common in FV avoiders and meal skippers. However, the clinical implications of these findings need to be evaluated in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannina Viljakainen
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sajan C. Raju
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heli Viljakainen
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Eva Roos
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elisabete Weiderpass
- International Agency for Research on Cancer – World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Trine B. Rounge
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Doustmohammadian A, Omidvar N, Shakibazadeh E. School-based interventions for promoting food and nutrition literacy (FNLIT) in elementary school children: a systematic review protocol. Syst Rev 2020; 9:87. [PMID: 32321581 PMCID: PMC7178560 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-020-01339-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Food and nutrition literacy is a newly emerged concept to connect food-related knowledge and skills to healthy diets. Its promotion is important to protect children as they eat too many low-nutrient, high-energy foods. Food and nutrition literacy promotion needs multi-dimensional interventions. In the process of developing an intervention to promote food and nutrition literacy, the present review protocol aims to critically examine the evidence in the area of school-based interventions for promoting food and nutrition literacy (FNLIT) in elementary school children. METHODS We will search PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, CENTRAL, and ProQuest (from inception onwards). Additional studies will be identified through manual searching of reference lists. Quantitative studies (e.g., randomized controlled trial, quasi-randomized trials, and cluster randomized trials) evaluating the effect of interventions to promote food and nutrition literacy in elementary school children (5-12 years old) will be included. Main outcomes will be food and nutrition literacy at functional, interactive, and critical levels. Secondary outcomes will be dietary intake indicators (e.g., healthy eating index, DDS) and health outcome measures (e.g., reduction in BMI and less weight gain). Two reviewers will independently screen all citations, full-text articles, and abstract data. Potential conflicts will be resolved through discussion. The study methodological quality (or bias) will be appraised using appropriate tools. If feasible, we will conduct random effects meta-analysis. The quality of the included studies will separately evaluate using the validated Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies, developed by the Effective Public Health Practice Project (EPHPP). Data will be extracted by two reviewers from the identified relevant literature. Standard data synthesis and analysis will be used for the review. DISCUSSION This systematic review will summarize the evidence regarding the components, implementation methods, and effectiveness of the interventions of food and nutrition literacy promotion in elementary school children. The results of this review will provide a useful reference for policymakers and curriculum developers to assess education curricula and develop practical learning and teaching strategies to improve students' food and nutrition literacy. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO (CRD42019135118).
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Affiliation(s)
- Azam Doustmohammadian
- Department of Nutrition Research, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute (WHO Collaborating Center), Tehran, Iran
- Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasrin Omidvar
- Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Community Nutrition, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute (WHO Collaborating Center), Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Shakibazadeh
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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The importance of school lunches to the overall dietary intake of children in Sweden: a nationally representative study. Public Health Nutr 2020; 23:1705-1715. [PMID: 32312356 PMCID: PMC7267782 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980020000099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Objective: School lunches have potential to foster healthy diets in all children, but data on their importance are relatively scarce. The current study aimed to describe the dietary intake from school lunches by sex and school grade, and to assess how the daily intake, school lunch intake and the daily intake provided by lunch differ by sex and parental education. Design: Cross-sectional. All foods and drinks consumed for 1–3 weekdays were self-reported. Energy, absolute and energy-adjusted intakes of nutrients and food groups were calculated per weekday and per school lunch. Mixed-effects linear models assessed sociodemographic differences in dietary intakes. Nutrient and energy density at lunch and during the rest of the day were compared. Setting: Seventy-nine Swedish primary schools. Participants: Pupils in grades 5 and 8 (N 2002), nationally representative. Results: Lunch provided around half of daily vegetable intake and two-thirds of daily fish intake. Nutrient density was higher and energy density lower at lunch compared with the rest of the day (P < 0·001). Boys had greater energy-adjusted intakes of red/processed meat and lower intakes of vegetables and dietary fibre compared with girls (P < 0·001), overall and at lunch. Daily energy-adjusted intakes of most nutrients/food groups were lower for pupils of lower-educated parents compared with pupils of parents with higher education, but at lunch, only Fe and fibre intakes were significantly lower in this group. Conclusions: School lunches are making a positive contribution to the diets of Swedish children and may mitigate well-established sex differences and social inequalities in dietary intake.
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Santos TSS, Julián C, Vincenzi SL, de Andrade DF, Slater B, de Assis MAA, Kafatos A, de Henauw S, Gottrand F, Androutsos O, Kersting M, Sjöström M, Forsner M, Moreno LA. A new measure of health motivation influencing food choices and its association with food intakes and nutritional biomarkers in European adolescents. Public Health Nutr 2020; 24:1-11. [PMID: 33052082 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980019004658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop a scale to assess health motivation influencing food choices and to explore its performance in the associations with food intakes and nutritional biomarkers. DESIGN Psychometric study using cross-sectional self-report questionnaires and nutritional biomarkers. SETTING Multi-centre investigation conducted in ten European cities. PARTICIPANTS 2954 adolescents who were included in the HELENA study and completed the Food Choices and Preferences (FCP) questionnaire. RESULTS Nineteen out of 124 items of the FCP questionnaire were in the same dimension. Sixteen presented adequate parameters for the Scale of evaluatiOn of Food choIcEs (SOFIE). The scores were positively associated with the intakes of cereals, dairy products, meats and eggs, and fish, as well as with blood concentrations of vitamin C, β-carotene, n-3 fatty acids, cobalamin, holo-transcobalamin and folate; scores were negatively associated with the intake of alcohol. CONCLUSIONS SOFIE can improve the assessment of motivation influencing food choices based on items with the best performance and is proposed as a new measure to health-related studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cristina Julián
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Universidad de Zaragoza, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Nutrición y la Obesidad (CIBEROBN), Zaragoza50009, Spain
| | - Silvana Ligia Vincenzi
- Department of Informatics and Statistics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Technological Center, Florianópolis, Santa CatarinaCEP: 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Dalton Francisco de Andrade
- Department of Informatics and Statistics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Technological Center, Florianópolis, Santa CatarinaCEP: 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Betzabeth Slater
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SPCEP: 01246-904, Brazil
| | - Maria Alice Altenburg de Assis
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Health Sciences Center, Florianópolis, Santa CatarinaCEP: 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Anthony Kafatos
- Preventive Medicine and Nutrition Clinic, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion741 00, Greece
| | - Stefaan de Henauw
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent9000, Belgium
| | - Fréderic Gottrand
- Department of Pediatrics, CHU Lille, University of Lille, Inserm UMR995, LilleF-59000, France
| | - Odysseas Androutsos
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens17671, Greece
| | - Mathilde Kersting
- Research Department of Child Nutrition, Pediatric University Clinic, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum44801, Germany
| | - Michael Sjöström
- Departament of Bioscience and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, Solna171 77, Sweden
| | - Maria Forsner
- Departament of Bioscience and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, Solna171 77, Sweden
- Department of Nursing, Umeå University, Umeå901 87, Sweden
| | - Luis A Moreno
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Universidad de Zaragoza, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Nutrición y la Obesidad (CIBEROBN), Zaragoza50009, Spain
- Department of Informatics and Statistics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Technological Center, Florianópolis, Santa CatarinaCEP: 88040-900, Brazil
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Nanostructured Lipid-Based Delivery Systems as a Strategy to Increase Functionality of Bioactive Compounds. Foods 2020; 9:foods9030325. [PMID: 32168809 PMCID: PMC7143550 DOI: 10.3390/foods9030325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Acquisition of a healthy lifestyle through diet has driven the food manufacturing industry to produce new food products with high nutritional quality. In this sense, consumption of bioactive compounds has been associated with a decreased risk of suffering chronic diseases. Nonetheless, due to their low solubility in aqueous matrices, high instability in food products during processing and preparation as well as poor bioavailability, the use of such compounds is sometimes limited. Recent advancements in encapsulation and protection of bioactive compounds has opened new possibilities for the development of novel food products. In this direction, the present review is attempting to describe encapsulation achievements, with special attention to nanostructured lipid-based delivery systems, i.e., nanoemulsions, multi-layer emulsions and liposomes. Functionality of bioactive compounds is directly associated with their bioavailability, which in turn is governed by several complex processes, including the passage through the gastrointestinal tract and transport to epithelial cells. Therefore, an overview of recent research on the properties of these nanostructured lipid-based delivery systems with a strong impact on the functionality of bioactive compounds will be also provided. Nanostructured lipid-based delivery systems might be used as a potential option to enhance the solubility, stability, absorption and, ultimately, functionality of bioactive compounds. Several studies have been performed in this line, modifying the composition of the nanostructures, such as the lipid-type or surfactants. Overall, influencing factors and strategies to improve the efficacy of encapsulated bioactive compounds within nanostructures have been successfully identified. This knowledge can be used to design effective targeted nanostructured lipid-based delivery systems for bioactive compounds. However, there is still a lack of information on food interactions, toxicity and long-term consumption of such nanostructures.
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Hermans RC, Smit K, van den Broek N, Evenhuis IJ, Veldhuis L. Adolescents' Food Purchasing Patterns in The School Food Environment: Examining the Role of Perceived Relationship Support and Maternal Monitoring. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12030733. [PMID: 32168757 PMCID: PMC7146524 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The school food environment plays a role in adolescents’ dietary behaviors. In this study, adolescents’ food purchasing patterns in and around school and its potential relationship with perceived maternal relationship support and maternal monitoring were examined. Data were collected in The Netherlands in 2017. A total of 726 adolescents (45.8% boys; Mage = 13.78 ± 0.49) and 713 mothers (Mage = 45.05 ± 4.45) participated. Adolescents’ frequency of bringing and purchasing foods was assessed via a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Relationship support and monitoring were measured via self-report questionnaires. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was conducted to examine associations between adolescents’ food purchasing patterns, relationship support, and monitoring. Results indicated that adolescents brought food and drinks mostly from home, and infrequently purchased these products in and around school. Yet, differences exist between subgroups of adolescents. Relationship support was positively associated with bringing fruit, vegetables and salad and negatively associated with purchasing sweet snacks. No associations were found for monitoring. These findings indicate that family-home determinants of healthy and unhealthy eating are important factors to consider when examining the impact of the school food environment on adolescents’ food purchasing patterns. This has implications for policy makers who aim to develop and implement measures to improve adolescents’ eating in and around school.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roel C.J. Hermans
- The Netherlands Nutrition Centre, 2594 AC The Hague, The Netherlands; (I.J.E.); (L.V.)
- Department of Health Promotion, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, 6299 AH Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-43-388-2415
| | - Koen Smit
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, 6500 HE Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (K.S.); (N.v.d.B.)
- Trimbos Institute, Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction, 3500 AS Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nina van den Broek
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, 6500 HE Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (K.S.); (N.v.d.B.)
| | - Irma J. Evenhuis
- The Netherlands Nutrition Centre, 2594 AC The Hague, The Netherlands; (I.J.E.); (L.V.)
| | - Lydian Veldhuis
- The Netherlands Nutrition Centre, 2594 AC The Hague, The Netherlands; (I.J.E.); (L.V.)
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Chatelan A, Bochud M, Frohlich KL. Precision nutrition: hype or hope for public health interventions to reduce obesity? Int J Epidemiol 2020; 48:332-342. [PMID: 30544190 PMCID: PMC6469305 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyy274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
High-income countries are experiencing an obesity epidemic that follows a socioeconomic gradient, affecting groups of lower socioeconomic status disproportionately. Recent clinical findings have suggested new perspectives for the prevention and treatment of obesity, using personalized dietary approaches. Precision nutrition (PN), also called personalized nutrition, has been developed to deliver more preventive and practical dietary advice than ‘one-size-fits-all’ guidelines. With interventions becoming increasingly plausible at a large scale thanks to artificial intelligence and smartphone applications, some have begun to view PN as a novel way to deliver the right dietary intervention to the right population. We argue that large-scale PN, if taken alone, might be of limited interest from a public health perspective. Building on Geoffrey Rose’s theory regarding the differences in individual and population causes of disease, we show that large-scale PN can only address some individual causes of obesity (causes of cases). This individual-centred approach is likely to have a small impact on the distribution of obesity at a population level because it ignores the population causes of obesity (causes of incidence). The latter are embedded in the populations’ social, cultural, economic and political contexts that make environments obesogenic. Additionally, the most socially privileged groups in the population are the most likely to respond to large-scale PN interventions. This could have the undesirable effect of widening social inequalities in obesity. We caution public health actors that interventions based only on large-scale PN are unlikely, despite current expectations, to improve dietary intake or reduce obesity at a population level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeline Chatelan
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Murielle Bochud
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Katherine L Frohlich
- Département de médecine sociale et préventive, Ecole de Santé Publique & Institut de recherche en santé publique de l'Université de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Silva A, Fragoso I, Barrigas C, Teles J. Portuguese adolescents diet quality, lifestyle variables and body composition, in relation to precise measures of maturity. MEDITERRANEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2020. [DOI: 10.3233/mnm-190346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A.L. Silva
- Laboratory of Physiology and Biochemistry Exercise, CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - I. Fragoso
- Department of Sports and Health, Laboratory of Physiology and Biochemistry Exercise, CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - C. Barrigas
- Laboratory of Physiology and Biochemistry Exercise, CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - J. Teles
- Mathematics Unit, CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
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Silva JAD, Silva KSD, Silva MC, Silveira PMD, Duca GFD, Benedet J, Nahas MV. Consumo de frutas e verduras por adolescentes catarinenses ao longo de uma década. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2020; 25:613-621. [DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232020252.32452017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Resumo Compreender mudanças no consumo de frutas e verduras por adolescentes é importante para criação de ações de saúde pública. O objetivo deste artigo é investigar mudanças, em dez anos, no consumo diário de frutas e verduras por adolescentes, de acordo com sexo, idade e área de moradia. Estudo de painel (análise secundária) da pesquisa "Estilo de vida e comportamentos de risco de jovens catarinenses". Adolescentes (15-19 anos) de escolas estaduais, em 2001 (n = 5.028) e 2011 (n = 6.529), responderam questionário sobre consumo de frutas e verduras e aspectos sociodemográficos. Estatística descritiva e regressão logística (2001 vs 2011), estratificada para sexo, idade e área de moradia. Houve diminuição no consumo diário de frutas (39,1% e 16,6%) e de verduras (40,1% e 20,6%). Diferentes prevalências são observadas de acordo com subgrupos, principalmente entre moças. A chance para consumo diário de verduras entre rapazes e adolescentes de área rural continuou a mesma. A diminuição na prevalência do consumo diário de frutas e verduras por adolescentes catarinenses de 15 a 19 anos aponta necessidade de criação de estratégias para reversão deste cenário.
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Puigdomenech E, Martin A, Lang A, Adorni F, Gomez SF, McKinstry B, Prinelli F, Condon L, Rashid R, Caon M, Atkinson S, Lafortuna CL, Ciociola V, Hanley J, McCloughan L, Castell C, Espallargues M. Promoting healthy teenage behaviour across three European countries through the use of a novel smartphone technology platform, PEGASO fit for future: study protocol of a quasi-experimental, controlled, multi-Centre trial. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak 2019; 19:278. [PMID: 31847919 PMCID: PMC6918671 DOI: 10.1186/s12911-019-0958-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Behaviour change interventions targeting physical activity, diet, sleep and sedentary behaviour of teenagers show promise when delivered through smartphones. However, to date there is no evidence of effectiveness of multicomponent smartphone-based interventions. Utilising a user-centred design approach, we developed a theory-based, multi-dimensional system, PEGASO Fit For Future (PEGASO F4F), which exploits sophisticated game mechanics involving smartphone applications, a smartphone game and activity sensors to motivate teenagers to take an active role in adopting and maintaining a healthy lifestyle. This paper describes the study protocol to assess the feasibility, usability and effectiveness (knowledge/awareness and behavioural change in lifestyle) of the PEGASO system. METHODS We are conducting a quasi-experimental controlled cluster trial in 4 sites in Spain, Italy, and UK (England, Scotland) over 6 months. We plan to recruit 525, in a 2:1 basis, teenagers aged 13-16 years from secondary schools. The intervention group is provided with the PEGASO system whereas the comparison group continues their usual educational routine. Outcomes include feasibility, acceptance, and usability of the PEGASO system as well as between and within group changes in motivation, self-reported diet, physical activity, sedentary and sleeping behaviour, anthropometric measures and knowledge about a healthy lifestyle. DISCUSSION PEGASO F4F will provide evidence into the cross-cultural similarities and differences in the feasibility, acceptability and usability of a multi-dimensional smartphone based behaviour change intervention for teenagers. The study will explore facilitating factors, challenges and barriers of engaging teenagers to adapt and maintain a healthy lifestyle when using smartphone technology. Positive results from this ICT based multi component intervention may have significant implications both at clinical level, improving teenagers health and at public health level since it can present an influential tool against the development of chronic disease during adulthood. TRIAL REGISTRATION https://clinicaltrials.gov Registration number: NCT02930148, registered 4 October 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Puigdomenech
- Agency for Health Quality and Assessment of Catalonia (AQuAS), Catalan Department of Health, Roc Boronat 81-95, 2nd floor, 08005 Barcelona, Spain
- Health Services Research on Chronic Patients Network (REDISSEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Roc Boronat 81-95, 2nd floor, 08005 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anne Martin
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, 200 Renfield Street, G2 3AX Glasgow, UK
| | - Alexandra Lang
- Human Factors Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, University Park, NG7 2RD Nottingham, UK
| | - Fulvio Adorni
- National Research Council, Institute of Biomedical Technologies, Via Fratelli Cervi, 93, 20090 Segrate (MI), Italy
| | - Santiago Felipe Gomez
- Programs Department Gasol Foundation, 26-28 Jaume I street, 08830 Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain
- GREpS. Health Education Research Group,Nursing and Phisiotherapy Department, University of Lleida, 2 Montserrat Roig street, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Brian McKinstry
- Usher Institute,University of Edinburgh, University of Edinburgh, NINE Edinburgh BioQuarter, 9 Little France Road, EH16 4UX Edinburgh, UK
| | - Federica Prinelli
- National Research Council, Institute of Biomedical Technologies, Via Fratelli Cervi, 93, 20090 Segrate (MI), Italy
| | - Laura Condon
- PRISM Research Group, Division of Primary Care, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Room 1404, Tower Building, University Park, NG7 2RD Nottingham, UK
| | - Rajeeb Rashid
- Deanery of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh BioQuarter, 47 Little France Crescent, EH16 4TJ Edinburgh, UK
| | - Maurizio Caon
- College of Engineering & School of Management, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland (HES-SO), chemin du musée 4n, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Atkinson
- Human Factors Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Nottingham, University Park, NG7 2RD Nottingham, UK
| | - Claudio L. Lafortuna
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica, Piazza Ospedale Maggiore, 3, 20162 Milano, Italy
| | - Valentina Ciociola
- National Research Council, Institute of Biomedical Technologies, Via Fratelli Cervi, 93, 20090 Segrate (MI), Italy
| | - Janet Hanley
- School of Health and Social Care, Edinburgh Napier University, Sighthill Court, EH41 3ND Edinburgh, UK
| | - Lucy McCloughan
- Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, NINE Edinburgh BioQuarter, 9 Little France Road, EH16 4UX Edinburgh, UK
| | - Conxa Castell
- Catalonia Public Health Agency, Catalan Department of Health, Roc Boronat 81-95, 3rd floor, 08005 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mireia Espallargues
- Agency for Health Quality and Assessment of Catalonia (AQuAS), Catalan Department of Health, Roc Boronat 81-95, 2nd floor, 08005 Barcelona, Spain
- Health Services Research on Chronic Patients Network (REDISSEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Roc Boronat 81-95, 2nd floor, 08005 Barcelona, Spain
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