1
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Lei Z, Wang Z, Jiang H, Cahn JR, Chen H, Huang S, Jin Y, Wang X, Yu K, Zhang W. Dual-Factor-Controlled Dynamic Precursors Enable On-Demand Thermoset Degradation and Recycling. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2407854. [PMID: 39225419 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202407854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2024] [Revised: 08/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Thermosets are well known for their advantages such as high stability and chemical resistance. However, developing sustainable thermosets with degradability and recyclability faces several principal challenges, including reconciling the desired characteristics during service with the recycling and reprocessing properties required at the end of life, establishing efficient methods for large-scale synthesis, and aligning with current manufacturing process. Here a general strategy is presented for the on-demand degradation and recycling of thermosets under mild conditions utilizing dynamic precursors with dual-factor-controlled reversibility. Specifically, dynamic triazine crosslinkers are introduced through dynamic nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SNAr) into the precursor polyols used in polyurethane (PU) synthesis. Upon removal of the catalyst and alcohol, the reversibility of SNAr is deactivated, allowing for the use of standard PU polymerization techniques such as injection molding, casting, and foaming. The resulting cyanurate-crosslinked PUs maintain high stability and diverse mechanical properties of traditional crosslinked PUs, yet offer the advantage of easy on-demand depolymerization for recycling by activating the reversibility of SNAr under specific but mild conditions-a combination of base, alcohol, and mild heat. It is envisioned that this approach, involving the pre-installation of dual-factor-controlled dynamic crosslinkers, can be broadly applied to current thermosetting plastic manufacturing processes, introducing enhanced sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zepeng Lei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Zirui Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Huan Jiang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO, 80217, USA
| | - Jackson R Cahn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Hongxuan Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Shaofeng Huang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | | | - Xiaohui Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510640, China
| | - Kai Yu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO, 80217, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
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2
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Chen J, Chen A, Zou C, Chen C. Synthesis of Photoresponsive Fast Self-healing Polyolefin Composites by Nickel-Catalyzed Copolymerization of Ethylene and Lignin Cluster Monomers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202404603. [PMID: 38764411 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202404603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Polymers may suffer from sudden mechanical damages during long-term use under various harsh operating environments. Rapid and real-time self-healing will extend their service life, which is particularly attractive in the context of circular economy. In this work, a lignin cluster polymerization strategy (LCPS) was designed to prepare a series of lignin functionalized polyolefin composites with excellent mechanical properties through nickel catalyzed copolymerization of ethylene and lignin cluster monomers. These composites can achieve rapid self-healing within 30 seconds under a variety of extreme usage environments (underwater, seawater, extremely low temperatures as low as -60 °C, organic solvents, acid/alkali solvents, etc.), which is of great significance for real-time self-healing of sudden mechanical damage. More importantly, the dynamic cross-linking network within these composites enable great re-processability and amazing sealing performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Ao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Chen Zou
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Changle Chen
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
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3
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Wang L, Zhang K, Zhang X, Tan Y, Guo L, Xia Y, Wang X. Mismatched Supramolecular Interactions Facilitate the Reprocessing of Super-Strong and Ultratough Thermoset Elastomers. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2311758. [PMID: 38758171 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202311758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Thermoset elastomers have been extensively applied in many fields because of their excellent mechanical strengths and durable characteristics, such as an excellent chemical resistance. However, in the context of environmental issues, the nonrecyclability of thermosets has become a major barrier to the further development of these materials. Here, a well-tailored strategy is reported to solve this problem by introducing mismatched supramolecular interactions (MMSIs) into a covalently cross-linked poly(urethane-urea) network with dynamic acylsemicarbazide moieties. The MMSIs significantly strengthen and toughen the thermoset elastomer by effectively dissipating energy and resisting external stress. In addition, the elastomer recycling efficiency is improved 2.7-fold due to the superior reversibility of the MMSIs. The optimized thermoset elastomer features outstanding characteristics, including an ultrahigh tensile strength (110.8 MPa), an unprecedented tensile toughness (1245.2 MJ m-3), as well as remarkable resistance to chemical media, creep, and damage. Most importantly, it exhibits an extraordinary multirecyclability, and the 4th recycling efficiency remains close to 100%. This scalable method promotes the development of thermosets with both high performance and excellent recyclability, thereby providing valuable guidance for addressing the issue of nonrecyclability from a molecular design standpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luping Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Colloidal Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Kaiqiang Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Colloidal Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Xingxue Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Colloidal Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Yu Tan
- National Engineering Research Center for Colloidal Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Longfei Guo
- National Engineering Research Center for Colloidal Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Yuguo Xia
- National Engineering Research Center for Colloidal Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Xu Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Colloidal Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, P. R. China
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4
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Duan H, Li S, Zhao J, Yang H, Tang H, Qi D, Huang Z, Xu X, Shi L, Müller-Buschbaum P, Zhong Q. Microstructure Evolution of Reactive Polyurethane Films During In Situ Polyaddition and Film-Formation Processes. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024:e2400284. [PMID: 38967216 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202400284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Due to the advantages of low energy consumption, no air and water pollutions, the reactive polyurethane films (RPUFs) are replacing the solvated and waterborne PUFs nowadays, which significantly promotes the green and low-carbon production of PU films. However, the microstructure evolution and in situ film-formation mechanism of RPUFs in solvent-free media are still unclear. Herein, according to time-temperature equivalence principle, the in situ polyaddition and film-formation processes of RPUFs generated by the typical polyaddition of diisocyanate terminated prepolymer (component B) and polyether glycol (component A) are thoroughly investigated at 25 °C. According to the temporal change of viscosity, the RPUFs gradually transfer from liquid to gel and finally to solid state. Further characterizing the molecular weight, hydrogen bonds, crystallinity, gel content, and phase images, the polyaddition and film-formation processes can be divided into three stages as 1) chain extension and microcrystallization; 2) gelation and demicrocrystallization; 3) microphase separation and film-formation. This work promotes the understanding of the microstructure evolution and film-formation mechanism of RPUFs, which can be used as the theoretical guidance for the controllable preparation of high-performance products based on RPUFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Duan
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center for Green and Low-Carbon Dyeing & Finishing, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, P. R. China
- Zhejiang Provincial Innovation Center of Advanced Textile Technology, Shaoxing, 312000, China
- Keqiao Research Institute of Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Shaoxing, 312000, P. R. China
| | - Shuli Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center for Green and Low-Carbon Dyeing & Finishing, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, P. R. China
| | - Jinbiao Zhao
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center for Green and Low-Carbon Dyeing & Finishing, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, P. R. China
| | - Hao Yang
- Zhejiang Provincial Innovation Center of Advanced Textile Technology, Shaoxing, 312000, China
| | - Heyang Tang
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center for Green and Low-Carbon Dyeing & Finishing, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, P. R. China
| | - Dongming Qi
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center for Green and Low-Carbon Dyeing & Finishing, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, P. R. China
- Zhejiang Provincial Innovation Center of Advanced Textile Technology, Shaoxing, 312000, China
- Keqiao Research Institute of Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Shaoxing, 312000, P. R. China
| | - Zhichao Huang
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center for Green and Low-Carbon Dyeing & Finishing, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, P. R. China
| | - Xinxin Xu
- Zhejiang Hexin Science and Technology Co., Ltd., Jiaxing, 314003, P. R. China
| | - Lei Shi
- Zhejiang Hexin Science and Technology Co., Ltd., Jiaxing, 314003, P. R. China
| | - Peter Müller-Buschbaum
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Physics, Chair for Functional Materials, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Qi Zhong
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center for Green and Low-Carbon Dyeing & Finishing, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, P. R. China
- Zhejiang Provincial Innovation Center of Advanced Textile Technology, Shaoxing, 312000, China
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Physics, Chair for Functional Materials, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
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5
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Liu H, Zhan S, Bo Y, Ding W, Yuan R, Tian X, Zhang Y, Zhang D, Yang H, Wang S, Zhang M. Strength Enhancement of Polyurethane Film by Solution Annealing. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:12419-12426. [PMID: 38836381 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c00576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Recently, polyurethane elastomer (TPU) has attracted more and more attention depending on its excellent optical, mechanical, and retreatment properties. The high strength of polyurethane has always been pursued, which can enable its application in more fields. In this work, an aliphatic polyurethane elastomer membrane (HRPU6) was successfully synthesized, and its strength was obviously improved by solvent annealing technology. The tensile strength and adhesion strength can reach 64.56 and 2.58 MPa, but 36.55 and 1.57 MPa only before solvent annealing, respectively. The impact strength of laminated glass based on HRPU has also been significantly improved after solvent annealing, confirmed through drop ball impact testing. It has been confirmed that the increase in strength of HRPU6 is attributed to the enhancement of hydrogen bonding and the improvement of the phase separation degree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, People's Republic of China 130012
| | - Siqi Zhan
- School of Chemical Engineering, Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, People's Republic of China 130012
| | - Yanyan Bo
- School of Chemical Engineering, Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, People's Republic of China 130012
| | - Wenhe Ding
- School of Chemical Engineering, Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, People's Republic of China 130012
| | - Ruize Yuan
- School of Chemical Engineering, Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, People's Republic of China 130012
| | - Xin Tian
- School of Chemical Engineering, Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, People's Republic of China 130012
| | - Yuanbo Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, People's Republic of China 130012
| | - Dongxiu Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, People's Republic of China 130012
| | - Huimin Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, People's Republic of China 130012
| | - Shiwei Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, People's Republic of China 130012
| | - Mingyao Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, People's Republic of China 130012
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6
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Liu X, Huang Z, Wu J, Wu J, Luo H, Sun Y, Lin X, Lin W, Yi G. Photothermal-responsive lignin-based polyurethane with mechanically robust, fast self-healing, solid-state plasticity and shape-memory performance. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 271:132499. [PMID: 38777014 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
In light of the depletion of petrochemical resources and increase in environmental pollution, there has been a significant focus on utilizing natural biomass, specifically lignin, to develop sustainable and functional materials. This research presents the development of a lignin-based polyurethane (DLPU) with photothermal-responsiveness by incorporating lignin and oxime-carbamate bonds into polyurethane network. The abundant hydrogen bonds between lignin and the polyurethane matrix, along with its cross-linked structure, contribute to DLPU's excellent mechanical strength (30.2 MPa) and toughness (118.7 MJ·m-3). Moreover, the excellent photothermal conversion ability of DLPU (54.4 %) activates dynamic reversible behavior of oxime-carbamate bonds and hydrogen bonds, thereby endowing DLPU with exceptional self-healing performance. After 15 min of near-infrared irradiation, DLPU achieves self-healing efficiencies of 96.0 % for tensile strength and 96.3 % for elongation at break. Additionally, DLPU exhibits photocontrolled solid-state plasticity as well as an excellent phototriggered shape-memory effect (70 s), with shape fixity and recovery ratios reaching 98.8 % and 95.3 %, respectively. By exploiting the spatial controllability and photothermal-responsiveness of DLPU, we demonstrate multi-dimensional responsive materials with self-healing and shape-shifting properties. This work not only promotes the development of multi-functional polyurethanes but also provides a pathway for the high-value utilization of lignin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochun Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhiyi Huang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jianxin Wu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jianyu Wu
- Science and Technology on Reliability Physics and Application of Electronic Component Laboratory, China Electronic Product Reliability and Environmental Testing Research Institute, Guangzhou 511370, China
| | - Hongsheng Luo
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yingjuan Sun
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Chemistry and Fine Chemical Engineering Jieyang Center, Jieyang 515200, China
| | - Xiaofeng Lin
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Chemistry and Fine Chemical Engineering Jieyang Center, Jieyang 515200, China
| | - Wenjing Lin
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Chemistry and Fine Chemical Engineering Jieyang Center, Jieyang 515200, China
| | - Guobin Yi
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Chemistry and Fine Chemical Engineering Jieyang Center, Jieyang 515200, China.
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7
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Wang L, Meng Y, Wang X. Sustainable Supramolecular Polymers. Chempluschem 2024; 89:e202300694. [PMID: 38355904 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Polymer waste is a pressing issue that requires innovative solutions from the scientific community. As a beacon of hope in addressing this challenge, the concept of sustainable supramolecular polymers (SSPs) emerges. This article discusses challenges and efforts in fabricating SSPs. Addressing the trade-offs between mechanical performance and sustainability, the ultra-tough and multi-recyclable supramolecular polymers are fabricated via tailoring mismatched supramolecular interactions. Additionally, the healing of kinetically inert polymer materials is realized through transient regulation of the interfacial reactivity. Furthermore, a possible development trajectory for SSPs is proposed, and the transient materials can be regarded as the next generation in this field. The evolution of SSPs promises to be a pivotal stride towards a regenerative economy, sparking further exploration and innovation in the realm of sustainable materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luping Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Colloidal Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Yuwen Meng
- National Engineering Research Center for Colloidal Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Xu Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Colloidal Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, P. R. China
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8
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Guo Y, An X, Qian X. Hydrochromic and piezochromic dual-responsive optical film derived from poloxamer and ethyl cellulose for visual fingerprints identification. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 270:132377. [PMID: 38759412 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Developing new materials that could identify fingerprint using the naked eye and observe the level 3 microscopic details is challenging. Here, we designed a novel hydrochromic and piezochromic dual-responsive optical film, which achieved the visual transparency transition. The performances of hydrochromic and piezochromic responses from high transparency to opaque whiteness were attributed to the introduction of poloxamer. The hygroscopic swelling of the disordered micelles led to light scattering, causing the hydrochromic response. The piezochromic response may be ascribed to the microcracks in the fragments of poloxamer crystals, which changed the refractive index of light. The fascinating combination of hydrochromic and piezochromic response was effectively applied in fingerprint identification. Hydrochromic response accurately recognized sweat pores, and piezochromic response could gradually reveal the ridges and valleys according to the different color of imprinted fingerprints. The film could identify fake fingerprints based on the differences in sweat pores between fake fingerprints and living fingers. More importantly, the film could easily detected not only the clear ridges but also the detailed sweat pores using the naked eye, indicating that the film has profound research significance in fingerprint analysis and liveness fingerprint detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqian Guo
- Research Division for Sustainable Papermaking & Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Biobased Material Science & Technology (Ministry of Education), Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xianhui An
- Research Division for Sustainable Papermaking & Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Biobased Material Science & Technology (Ministry of Education), Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xueren Qian
- Research Division for Sustainable Papermaking & Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Biobased Material Science & Technology (Ministry of Education), Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
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9
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Khan M. Chemical and Physical Architecture of Macromolecular Gels for Fracturing Fluid Applications in the Oil and Gas Industry; Current Status, Challenges, and Prospects. Gels 2024; 10:338. [PMID: 38786255 PMCID: PMC11121287 DOI: 10.3390/gels10050338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Hydraulic fracturing is vital in recovering hydrocarbons from oil and gas reservoirs. It involves injecting a fluid under high pressure into reservoir rock. A significant part of fracturing fluids is the addition of polymers that become gels or gel-like under reservoir conditions. Polymers are employed as viscosifiers and friction reducers to provide proppants in fracturing fluids as a transport medium. There are numerous systems for fracturing fluids based on macromolecules. The employment of natural and man-made linear polymers, and also, to a lesser extent, synthetic hyperbranched polymers, as additives in fracturing fluids in the past one to two decades has shown great promise in enhancing the stability of fracturing fluids under various challenging reservoir conditions. Modern innovations demonstrate the importance of developing chemical structures and properties to improve performance. Key challenges include maintaining viscosity under reservoir conditions and achieving suitable shear-thinning behavior. The physical architecture of macromolecules and novel crosslinking processes are essential in addressing these issues. The effect of macromolecule interactions on reservoir conditions is very critical in regard to efficient fluid qualities and successful fracturing operations. In future, there is the potential for ongoing studies to produce specialized macromolecular solutions for increased efficiency and sustainability in oil and gas applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majad Khan
- Department of Chemistry, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia; ; Tel.: +966-0138601671
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Hydrogen Technologies and Energy Storage (IRC-HTCM), King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Refining and Advanced Chemicals (IRC-CRAC), King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
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10
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Li J, Zheng Z, Ma Y, Dong Z, Li MH, Hu J. Mechanically Ultra-Robust Fluorescent Elastomer for Elaborating Auxetic Composite. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2402130. [PMID: 38678509 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202402130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Fluorescent elastomers are predominantly fabricated through doping fluorescent components or conjugating chromophores into polymer networks, which often involves detrimental effects on mechanical performance and also makes large-scale production difficult. Inspired by the heteroatom-rich microphase separation structures assisted by intensive hydrogen bonds in natural organisms, an ultra-robust fluorescent polyurethane elastomer is reported, which features a remarkable fracture strength of 87.2 MPa with an elongation of 1797%, exceptional toughness of 678.4 MJ m-3 and intrinsic cyan fluorescence at 445 nm. Moreover, the reversible fluorescence variation with temperature could in situ reveal the microphase separation of the elastomer in real time. By taking advantage of mechanical properties, intrinsic fluorescence and hydrogen bonds-promoted interfacial bonding ability, this fluorescent elastomer can be utilized as an auxetic skeleton for the elaboration of an integrated auxetic composite. Compared with the auxetic skeleton alone, the integrated composite shows an improved mechanical performance while maintaining auxetic deformation in a large strain below 185%, and its auxetic process can be visually detected under ultraviolet light by the fluorescence of the auxetic skeleton. The concept of introducing hydrogen-bonded heteroatom-rich microphase separation structures into polymer networks in this work provides a promising approach to developing fluorescent elastomers with exceptional mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, North Third Ring Road 15, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Zhiran Zheng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, North Third Ring Road 15, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yaning Ma
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, North Third Ring Road 15, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Zhaoxing Dong
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, North Third Ring Road 15, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Min-Hui Li
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris, 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Jun Hu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, North Third Ring Road 15, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Chaoyang District, Changchun, 130022, China
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11
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Zhang Z, Huo S, Yu L, Ye G, Wang C, Zhang Q, Liu Z. A generalizable reactive blending strategy to construct flame-retardant, mechanically-strong and toughened poly(L-lactic acid) bioplastics. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 265:130806. [PMID: 38484810 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Poly(L-lactic acid) (PLA) is an environmentally-friendly bioplastic with high mechanical strength, but suffers from inherent flammability and poor toughness. Many tougheners have been reported for PLA, but their synthesis usually involves organic solvents, and they tend to dramatically reduce the mechanical strength and cannot settle the flammability matter. Herein, we develop strong, tough, and flame-retardant PLA composites by reactive blending PLA, 6-((double (2-hydroxyethyl) amino) methyl) dibenzo [c, e] [1,2] oxyphosphate acid 6-oxide (DHDP) and diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) and define it PLA/xGH, where x indicates that the molar ratio of -NCO group in MDI to -OH group in PLA and DHDP is 1.0x: 1. This fabrication requires no solvents. PLA/2GH with a -NCO/-OH molar ratio of 1.02: 1 maintains high tensile strength of 63.0 MPa and achieves a 23.4 % increase in impact strength compared to PLA due to the incorporation of rigid polyurethane chain segment. The vertical combustion (UL-94) classification and limiting oxygen index (LOI) of PLA/2GH reaches V-0 and 29.8 %, respectively, because DHDP and MDI function in gas and condensed phases. This study displays a generalizable strategy to create flame-retardant bioplastics with great mechanical performances by the in-situ formation of P/N-containing polyurethane segment within PLA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zimeng Zhang
- Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center of Optoelectronic and New Energy Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Siqi Huo
- Centre for Future Materials, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield 4300, Australia; School of Engineering, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield Central 4300, Australia.
| | - Lingfeng Yu
- Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center of Optoelectronic and New Energy Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Guofeng Ye
- Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center of Optoelectronic and New Energy Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center of Optoelectronic and New Energy Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center of Optoelectronic and New Energy Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Zhitian Liu
- Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center of Optoelectronic and New Energy Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China.
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12
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Niu W, Li Z, Liang F, Zhang H, Liu X. Ultrastable, Superrobust, and Recyclable Supramolecular Polymer Networks. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202318434. [PMID: 38234012 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202318434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Supramolecular polymer networks (SPNs), crosslinked by noncovalent bonds, have emerged as reorganizable and recyclable polymeric materials with unique functionality. However, poor stability is an imperative challenge faced by SPNs, because SPNs are susceptible to heat, water, and/or solvents due to the dynamic and reversible nature of noncovalent bonds. Herein, the design of a noncovalent cooperative network (NCoN) to simultaneously stabilize and reinforce SPNs is reported, resulting in an ultrastable, superrobust, and recyclable SPN. The NCoN is constructed by multiplying the H-bonding sites and tuning the conformation/geometry of the H-bonding segment to optimize the multivalence cooperativity of H-bonds. The rationally designed H-bonding segment with high conformational compliance favors the formation of tightly packed H-bond arrays comprising higher-density and stronger H-bonds. Consequently, the H-bonded crosslinks in the NCoN display a covalent crosslinking effect but retain on-demand dynamics and reversibility. The resultant ultrastable SPN not only displays remarkable resistance to heat up to 120 °C, water soaking, and a broad spectrum of solvents, but also possesses a superhigh true stress at break (1.1 GPa) and an ultrahigh toughness (406 MJ m-3 ). Despite the covalent-network-like stability, the SPN is recyclable through activating its reversibility in a high-polarity solvent heated to a threshold temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Zequan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, P. R. China
| | - Fengli Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Houyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Xiaokong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
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13
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Bai Y, Li X, Wang X, Wang X, Yang X, Xin H, Sun D, Zhou J, Chai M. Nanoscale Composite Lignin Colloids with Tunable Visible Colors Used for Anti-UV Cosmetics. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:554-560. [PMID: 38111205 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c02764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Nanoscale composite lignin colloids were prepared on a large scale with a process of assembly-mediated internal cross-linking in a good solvent, thus possessing absolutely nanoscale dimensions, excellent robustness, and less aggregation. The therefore prime UV resistance and various natural visible colors contribute to the preservation and beautification of skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yating Bai
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Xinke Li
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Xinru Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Xujie Yang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Hanwen Xin
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Dayin Sun
- Polymer Institute of Science and Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jinghui Zhou
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Minghao Chai
- Department of Pharmacy, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
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14
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Zhang L, Huang Y, Zhang J, Zhu E, Ma J, Wang Z. Green synthesis of lignin-directed palladium nanoparticles/UiO-66-NH 2 paper-based composite catalyst for synergistic adsorption-catalysis removal of hexavalent chromium. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 255:128187. [PMID: 37977467 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
A combination of multiple methods can greatly intensify the removal efficiency of hazardous substances. Herein, the synergistic utilization of adsorption and catalysis achieved for the highly efficient removal of hexavalent chromium (Cr6+). A paper-based palladium nanoparticles/UiO-66-NH2 (PdNPs/UiO-66-NH2/LP) composite catalyst was prepared using lignocellulose paper-based material (LP) for the loading of UiO-66-NH2 MOFs materials, with the lignin in LP as the reducer for the in-situ synthesis of PdNPs (12.3 nm) on UiO-66-NH2 MOF materials. Lignocellulose paper-based materials with high strength (82 N·m/g) realized low-cost and environmentally friendly preparation and guaranteed the practicability of PdNPs/UiO-66-NH2/LP composite catalyst. The prepared PdNPs/UiO-66-NH2/LP achieved high-efficiency catalytic activity for hazardous Cr6+ removal through a constructed adsorption-catalytic synergistic system, in which the removal efficiency of Cr6+ in 10 min was increased by 2 times compared with a composite catalyst without MOFs loading. Finally, the PdNPs/UiO-66-NH2/LP composite catalyst demonstrated the great efficiency and practicality of water pollution treatment through synergistic adsorption enrichment and catalytic reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Zhang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
| | - Yuefeng Huang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Jiaqing Zhang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Enqing Zhu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Jinxia Ma
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Zhiguo Wang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
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15
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Ou Y, Xing Y, Yang Z, Huang J, He J, Jiang F, Zhang Y. Strong and ultrafast stimulus-healable lignin-based composite elastomers with excellent adhesion properties. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 256:128507. [PMID: 38040144 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
With the increased environmental issues, advanced high-performance and multifunctional polymeric materials derived from biomass have tremendous attention due to the great potential to replace their traditional petroleum-based counterparts. In this work, a series of lignin graft copolymers, lignin-graft-poly(n-butyl acrylate-co-acrylic acid) (Lig-g-P(BA-co-AA)), were rationally prepared via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. These lignin-based copolymers demonstrate good thermal stability and tunable glass transition temperature (Tg) values. The mechanical performance, including tensile strength, extensibility, Young's modulus, and toughness can be facilely adjusted by the BA/AA feed ratio and lignin content during polymerization. Owing to the extraordinary photothermal conversion ability of lignin, the Lig-B550 copolymer, containing 11.8 wt% lignin content, shows excellent stimulus-healing behavior within 1 min with a 97.1 % healing efficiency under near-infrared (NIR) laser irradiation. Moreover, the Lig-g-P(BA-co-AA) copolymers exhibit remarkable adhesion property, broadening their potential applications in the adhesive area. This grafting strategy is versatile and efficient, conferring the resultant lignin-based composite elastomers with dramatically enhanced mechanical properties and unprecedented photothermal behavior, which can inspire the further development of strong lignin-based sustainable elastomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangtao Ou
- Biomass Molecular Engineering Center, Anhui Provincial Engineering Center for High Performance Biobased Nylons, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Yuxian Xing
- Biomass Molecular Engineering Center, Anhui Provincial Engineering Center for High Performance Biobased Nylons, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Zhiyuan Yang
- Biomass Molecular Engineering Center, Anhui Provincial Engineering Center for High Performance Biobased Nylons, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Jiajing Huang
- Biomass Molecular Engineering Center, Anhui Provincial Engineering Center for High Performance Biobased Nylons, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Juan He
- Biomass Molecular Engineering Center, Anhui Provincial Engineering Center for High Performance Biobased Nylons, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Feng Jiang
- Biomass Molecular Engineering Center, Anhui Provincial Engineering Center for High Performance Biobased Nylons, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China.
| | - Yaqiong Zhang
- Biomass Molecular Engineering Center, Anhui Provincial Engineering Center for High Performance Biobased Nylons, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China.
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16
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Sun D, Zeng J, Yang D, Qiu X, Liu W. Full biomass-based multifunctional flocculant from lignin and cationic starch. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127287. [PMID: 37806418 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Flocculation is a common process for wastewater treatment. However, the most commonly used organic synthetic flocculants such as polyacrylamide are petroleum-based. In this work, biomass lignin was grafted with cationic starch to synthesize low-cost, green and fully biomass-based multifunctional flocculants. The cationic polyacrylamide was replaced by cheap industrial cationic starch. Hyperbranched multifunctional lignin-grafted cationic starch flocculant (CS-L) was successfully prepared via ring-opening reaction with epichlorohydrin. The mass content of lignin in the grafted product was between 16.6 % and 70.1 %. With the dosage of CS-L between 4.0 and 7.5 mg/l, the turbidity removal rate for 500 mg/l kaolin suspension reached more than 97 %. When the dosage of CS-L was 24 mg/l, the removal rate of 50 mg/l Cu2+ reached 85.7 %. Importantly, when the mixed solution of kaolin particles and Cu2+ was treated, the synchronous removal rates of kaolin and Cu2+ reached 90 % and 72 % respectively in the range of 8.0-12.0 mg/l flocculant addition. The synthesized lignin-grafted cationic starch flocculant showed an excellent multifunctional flocculation function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danting Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Product Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
| | - Jia Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Product Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
| | - Dongjie Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Product Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
| | - Xueqing Qiu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Weifeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Product Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China.
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17
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Kim BM, Choi JS, Jang S, Park H, Lee SY, Jung J, Park J. Sustainable Strategies for Synthesizing Lignin-Incorporated Bio-Based Waterborne Polyurethane with Tunable Characteristics. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3987. [PMID: 37836038 PMCID: PMC10575038 DOI: 10.3390/polym15193987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we introduce a novel approach for synthesizing lignin-incorporated castor-oil-based cationic waterborne polyurethane (CWPU-LX), diverging significantly from conventional waterborne polyurethane dispersion synthesis methods. Our innovative method efficiently reduces the required solvent quantity for CWPU-LX synthesis to approximately 50% of that employed in traditional WBPU experimental procedures. By incorporating lignin into the polyurethane matrix using this efficient and reduced-solvent method, CWPU-LX demonstrates enhanced properties, rendering it a promising material for diverse applications. Dynamic interactions between lignin and polyurethane molecules contribute to improved mechanical properties, enhanced thermal stability, and increased solvent resistance. Dynamic interactions between lignin and polyurethane molecules contribute to improved tensile strength, up to 250% compared to CWPU samples. Furthermore, the inclusion of lignin enhanced thermal stability, showcasing a 4.6% increase in thermal decomposition temperature compared to conventional samples and increased solvent resistance to ethanol. Moreover, CWPU-LX exhibits desirable characteristics such as protection against ultraviolet light and antibacterial properties. These unique properties can be attributed to the presence of the polyphenolic group and the three-dimensional structure of lignin, further highlighting the versatility and potential of this material in various application domains. The integration of lignin, a renewable and abundant resource, into CWPU-LX exemplifies the commitment to environmentally conscious practices and underscores the significance of greener materials in achieving a more sustainable future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Min Kim
- Department of Carbon and Fiber Composite Materials, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jin Sil Choi
- Department of Plant Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea (S.Y.L.)
| | - Sunjin Jang
- Department of Biofibers and Biomaterial Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea (H.P.)
| | - Hyeji Park
- Department of Biofibers and Biomaterial Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea (H.P.)
| | - Seung Yeol Lee
- Department of Plant Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea (S.Y.L.)
| | | | - Jaehyeung Park
- Department of Carbon and Fiber Composite Materials, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Biofibers and Biomaterial Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea (H.P.)
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18
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Yu X, Yang H, Ye Z, Chen K, Yuan T, Dong Y, Xiao R, Wang Z. Ultra-Tough Waterborne Polyurethane-Based Graft-Copolymerized Piezoresistive Composite Designed for Rehabilitation Training Monitoring Pressure Sensors. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2303095. [PMID: 37340575 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202303095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Effective training is crucial for patients who need rehabilitation for achieving optimal recovery and reducing complications. Herein, a wireless rehabilitation training monitoring band with a highly sensitive pressure sensor is proposed and designed. It utilizes polyaniline@waterborne polyurethane (PANI@WPU) as a piezoresistive composite material, which is prepared via the in situ grafting polymerization of PANI on the WPU surface. WPU is designed and synthesized with tunable glass transition temperatures ranging from -60 to 0 °C. Dipentaerythritol (Di-PE) and ureidopyrimidinone (UPy) groups are introduced, endowing the material with good tensile strength (14.2 MPa), toughness (62 MJ-1 m-3 ), and great elasticity (low permanent deformation: 2%). Di-PE and UPy enhance the mechanical properties of WPU by increasing the cross-linking density and crystallinity. Combining the toughness of WPU and the high-density microstructure derived by hot embossing technology, the pressure sensor exhibits high sensitivity (168.1 kPa-1 ), fast response time (32 ms), and excellent stability (10 000 cycles with 3.5% decay). In addition, the rehabilitation training monitoring band is equipped with a wireless Bluetooth module, which can be easily applied to monitor the rehabilitation training effect of patients using an applet. Therefore, this work has the potential to significantly broaden the application of WPU-based pressure sensors for rehabilitation monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310027, China
| | - Hua Yang
- School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310027, China
| | - Zhihao Ye
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310027, China
| | - Kaifeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310027, China
| | - Ting Yuan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Yabo Dong
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310027, China
| | - Rui Xiao
- School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310027, China
| | - Zongrong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Key Laboratory of Soft Machines and SmartDevices of Zhejiang Province, School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Huanjiang Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310027, China
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19
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Ma X, Wang X, Zhao H, Xu X, Cui M, Stott NE, Chen P, Zhu J, Yan N, Chen J. High-Performance, Light-Stimulation Healable, and Closed-Loop Recyclable Lignin-Based Covalent Adaptable Networks. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2303215. [PMID: 37269200 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202303215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this work, high-performance, light-stimulation healable, and closed-loop recyclable covalent adaptable networks are successfully synthesized from natural lignin-based polyurethane (LPU) Zn2+ coordination structures (LPUxZy). Using an optimized LPU (LPU-20 with a tensile strength of 28.4 ± 3.5 MPa) as the matrix for Zn2+ coordination, LPUs with covalent adaptable coordination networks are obtained that have different amounts of Zn. When the feed amount of ZnCl2 is 9 wt%, the strength of LPU-20Z9 reaches 37.3 ± 3.1 MPa with a toughness of 175.4 ± 4.6 MJ m-3 , which is 1.7 times of that of LPU-20. In addition, Zn2+ has a crucial catalytic effect on "dissociation mechanism" in the exchange reaction of LPU. Moreover, the Zn2+ -based coordination bonds significantly enhance the photothermal conversion capability of lignin. The maximum surface temperature of LPU-20Z9 reaches 118 °C under the near-infrared illumination of 0.8 W m-2 . This allows the LPU-20Z9 to self-heal within 10 min. Due to the catalytic effect of Zn2+ , LPU-20Z9 can be degraded and recovered in ethanol completely. Through the investigation of the mechanisms for exchange reaction and the design of the closed-loop recycling method, this work is expected to provide insight into the development of novel LPUs with high-performance, light-stimulated heal ability, and closed-loop recyclability; which can be applied toward the expanded development of intelligent elastomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhen Ma
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Laboratory of Polymers and Composites, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Xiaolin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Laboratory of Polymers and Composites, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Honglong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Laboratory of Polymers and Composites, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Xiaobo Xu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Laboratory of Polymers and Composites, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China
| | - Minghui Cui
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Laboratory of Polymers and Composites, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110142, China
| | - Nathan E Stott
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Laboratory of Polymers and Composites, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Laboratory of Polymers and Composites, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Jin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Laboratory of Polymers and Composites, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Ning Yan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Jing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Laboratory of Polymers and Composites, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
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20
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Du J, Wang H, Huang Z, Liu X, Yin X, Wu J, Lin W, Lin X, Yi G. Construction and mechanism study of lignin-based polyurethane with high strength and high self-healing properties. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 248:125925. [PMID: 37499717 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Lignin is a natural polymer with abundant functional groups with great application prospects in lignin-based polyurethane elastomers with self-healing abilities. In this study, a lignin self-healing polyurethane (PUDA-L) was specially designed using lignin as the raw material of polyurethane, combining lignin with Diels-Alder (DA) bond and hydrogen bonds. The experimental results showed that PUDA-L was prepared with good thermal stability, fatigue resistance, shape memory effect, excellent mechanical strength, and self-healing ability by partially replacing the crosslinking agents with bio-based lignin and hydroxylated modified lignin to increase the hydroxyl content. Polyurethane has a tensile strength of up to 29 MPa and an elongation at break of up to 500 %. The excellent self-healing ability of PUDA-L originates from the internal DA bonds and cross-linked hydrogen bonds. After the dumbbell sample was fused and heated at 130 °C for 4 h, the elastomer could be completely healed, the tensile strength was restored to 29 MPa, and the self-healing efficiency was up to 100 %. The developed PUDA-L elastomer has promising applications in sensors and smart skins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Du
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong Laboratory of Chemistry and Fine Chemical Industry Jieyang Center, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Huan Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Sensing Materials & Devices, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Zhiyi Huang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong Laboratory of Chemistry and Fine Chemical Industry Jieyang Center, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaochun Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong Laboratory of Chemistry and Fine Chemical Industry Jieyang Center, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xinshan Yin
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong Laboratory of Chemistry and Fine Chemical Industry Jieyang Center, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jianxin Wu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong Laboratory of Chemistry and Fine Chemical Industry Jieyang Center, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wenjing Lin
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong Laboratory of Chemistry and Fine Chemical Industry Jieyang Center, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaofeng Lin
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong Laboratory of Chemistry and Fine Chemical Industry Jieyang Center, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guobin Yi
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong Laboratory of Chemistry and Fine Chemical Industry Jieyang Center, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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21
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Smit AT, Bellinetto E, Dezaire T, Boumezgane O, Riddell LA, Turri S, Hoek M, Bruijnincx PCA, Griffini G. Tuning the Properties of Biobased PU Coatings via Selective Lignin Fractionation and Partial Depolymerization. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2023; 11:7193-7202. [PMID: 37180028 PMCID: PMC10171370 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.3c00889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Polyurethane (PU) coatings with high lignin content and tunable properties were made using a combination of fractionation and partial catalytic depolymerization as a novel strategy to tailor lignin molar mass and hydroxyl group reactivity, the key parameters for use in PU coatings. Acetone organosolv lignin obtained from pilot-scale fractionation of beech wood chips was processed at the kilogram scale to produce lignin fractions with specific molar mass ranges (Mw 1000-6000 g/mol) and reduced polydispersity. Aliphatic hydroxyl groups were distributed relatively evenly over the lignin fractions, allowing detailed study of the correlation between lignin molar mass and hydroxyl group reactivity using an aliphatic polyisocyanate linker. As expected, the high molar mass fractions exhibited low cross-linking reactivity, yielding rigid coatings with a high glass transition temperature (Tg). The lower Mw fractions showed increased lignin reactivity, extent of cross-linking, and gave coatings with enhanced flexibility and lower Tg. Lignin properties could be further tailored by lignin partial depolymerization by reduction (PDR) of the beech wood lignin and its high molar mass fractions; excellent translation of the PDR process was observed from laboratory to the pilot scale necessary for coating applications in prospective industrial scenarios. Lignin depolymerization significantly improved lignin reactivity, and coatings produced from PDR lignin showed the lowest Tg values and highest coating flexibility. Overall, this study provides a powerful strategy for the production of PU coatings with tailored properties and high (>90%) biomass content, paving the path to the development of fully green and circular PU materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjan T. Smit
- The
Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), unit
Energy Transition, Biobased & Circular Technologies group, P.O. Box 1, 1755 ZG Petten, The Netherlands
- Organic
Chemistry and Catalysis, Institute for Sustainable and Circular Chemistry, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Emanuela Bellinetto
- Department
of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Thomas Dezaire
- Organic
Chemistry and Catalysis, Institute for Sustainable and Circular Chemistry, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Oussama Boumezgane
- Department
of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Luke A. Riddell
- Organic
Chemistry and Catalysis, Institute for Sustainable and Circular Chemistry, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Stefano Turri
- Department
of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Michiel Hoek
- The
Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), unit
Energy Transition, Biobased & Circular Technologies group, P.O. Box 1, 1755 ZG Petten, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter C. A. Bruijnincx
- Organic
Chemistry and Catalysis, Institute for Sustainable and Circular Chemistry, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gianmarco Griffini
- Department
of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
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22
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Guo Z, Lu X, Wang X, Li X, Li J, Sun J. Engineering of Chain Rigidity and Hydrogen Bond Cross-Linking toward Ultra-Strong, Healable, Recyclable, and Water-Resistant Elastomers. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2300286. [PMID: 36854256 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202300286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
High-performance elastomers have gained significant interest because of their wide applications in industry and our daily life. However, it remains a great challenge to fabricate elastomers simultaneously integrating ultra-high mechanical strength, toughness, and excellent healing and recycling capacities. In this study, ultra-strong, healable, and recyclable elastomers are fabricated by dynamically cross-linking copolymers composed of rigid polyimide (PI) segments and soft poly(urea-urethane) (PUU) segments with hydrogen bonds. The elastomers, which are denoted as PIPUU, have a record-high tensile strength of ≈142 MPa and an extremely high toughness of ≈527 MJ m-3 . The structure of the PIPUU elastomer contains hydrogen-bond-cross-linked elastic matrix and homogenously dispersed rigid nanostructures. The rigid PI segments self-assemble to generate phase-separated nanostructures that serve as nanofillers to significantly strengthen the elastomers. Meanwhile, the elastic matrix is composed of soft PUU segments cross-linked with reversible hydrogen bonds, which largely enhance the strength and toughness of the elastomer. The dynamically cross-linked PIPUU elastomers can be healed and recycled to restore their original mechanical strength. Moreover, because of the excellent mechanical performance and the hydrophobic PI segments, the PIPUU elastomers are scratch-, puncture-, and water-resistant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Xingyuan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Jian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Junqi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
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23
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Guo Y, An X, Qian X. Mechanochromic Self-Healing Materials with Good Stretchability, Shape Memory Behavior, Cyclability, and Reversibility Based on Multiple Hydrogen Bonds. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:19362-19373. [PMID: 37022669 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c19919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
It is challenging to develop materials with room-temperature self-healing ability and mechanochromic response from mechanical stimuli to optical signals by a facile and simple preparation process. Herein, novel mechanochromic self-healing materials were designed by a simple synthesis procedure, balancing the mechanical properties, self-healing, stretchability, and mechanochromic response. Moreover, we designed and prepared the mechanochromic self-healing materials with different soft and hard segments by introducing multiple hydrogen bonds into the network, improving the mechanical properties and self-healing efficiency. In addition, the optimized sample exhibited good shape memory behavior (shape recovery ratio of 94.4%), self-healing properties (healed by pressing during stretching process), high tensile strength (17.6 MPa), superior stretchability (893%), fast mechanochromic response (strain of 272%), and great cyclic stretching-relaxing properties (higher than 10 times at strain of 300%). Above all, mechanochromic self-healing materials have promising potential in various fields, such as stress sensing, inkless writing, damage warning, deformation detection, and damage distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqian Guo
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xianhui An
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xueren Qian
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China
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24
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Ma X, Li S, Wang F, Wu J, Chao Y, Chen X, Chen P, Zhu J, Yan N, Chen J. Catalyst-Free Synthesis of Covalent Adaptable Network (CAN) Polyurethanes from Lignin with Editable Shape Memory Properties. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023; 16:e202202071. [PMID: 36482867 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202202071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Here a new strategy of catalyst-free direct synthesis of covalent adaptable network polyurethanes (LPUs) from lignin with editable shape memory effect is reported. Using unmodified lignin, PEG, and isocyanate under the condition of the isocyanate index less than 1.0 (NCO/OH<1.0), a variety of LPUs are obtained. When NCO/OH=0.8, a stable cross-linked network can be formed (ex. the gel content of LPU50-0.8 was 98±0.3 %). The activation energy (Ea ) value of LPUs is similar to that of polyhydroxyurethanes (PHUs), at around 110 kJ mol-1 . With an increase of lignin content, the LPUs show a transition from ductile fracture to brittle fracture mode. And the mechanical properties of LPUs are significantly enhanced after extrusion processing, with the maximum modulus reaching 649±26 MPa and the maximum toughness up to 9927±111 kJ m-3 . The improvement in mechanical properties is due to the homogenization of complex cross-linked network under the powerful external force of the extruder and the lignin that originally was free in the system participated in the exchange reactions. Moreover, LPUs can also be prepared continuously in one step by using an extruder as the reactor. In addition, LPU50-0.8 has an editable shape memory effect. This study develops a novel method for the synthesis of LPU from lignin with NCO/OH<1.0, showcasing new possibilities for value-added utilization of lignin, and expands the bio-based products portfolio from biomass feedstock to help meet future green manufacturing demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhen Ma
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Laboratory of Polymers and Composites, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Shuqi Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Laboratory of Polymers and Composites, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Fan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Laboratory of Polymers and Composites, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Jialong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Laboratory of Polymers and Composites, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin, 132012, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Yeyan Chao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Laboratory of Polymers and Composites, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Xun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Laboratory of Polymers and Composites, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Peng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Laboratory of Polymers and Composites, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Jin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Laboratory of Polymers and Composites, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Ning Yan
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Jing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Laboratory of Polymers and Composites, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
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25
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Li C, Ju B, Zhang S. Twin-screw extrusion molding of a cellulose-based vitrimer containing a crosslinkable macromolecular plasticizer. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 225:1487-1493. [PMID: 36442549 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Cellulose-based vitrimers were prepared using a crosslinkable macromolecular plasticizer and acetylated carboxymethyl cellulose via twin-screw extrusion. The cellulose-based material was toughened by the entanglement between the macromolecular plasticizer segments, and the exudation of the plasticizer was avoided by crosslinking. The prepared materials exhibited excellent hydrophobicity and shape memory properties. The plasticizer was evidently effective, and the reprocessing was completed at 130 °C within 15 min. The materials could be reprocessed at a lower temperature over a short period of time without any obvious degradation. After reprocessing three times, the material performance did not decrease significantly, thus showing good potential for regeneration and recycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Benzhi Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Shufen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
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26
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Huang J, Wang H, Liu W, Huang J, Yang D, Qiu X, Zhao L, Hu F, Feng Y. Solvent-free synthesis of high-performance polyurethane elastomer based on low-molecular-weight alkali lignin. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 225:1505-1516. [PMID: 36435459 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Using cheap and green lignin as a partial substitute for petroleum-based polyols is highly attractive for sustainable development of polyurethane elastomers (LPUes). However, the traditional synthesis process of LPUes inevitably uses toxic solvents that are difficult to remove or carcinogenic. Here, we reported a solvent-free synthesis method to prepare lignin-containing polyurethane elastomers (SF-LPUes) with high strength, high toughness and high elasticity. Most of the hydroxyl groups of lignin reacted with isocyanates to form a strong chemical cross-linking network, while the unreacted ones formed a dynamic hydrogen bond network with polyurethane matrix, contributing to the in-situ formation of lignin nanoparticles to build a nano-micro phase separation structure. Consequently, a dual-crosslinking network structure was formed and endowed SF-LPUes with excellent mechanical properties. Especially, the SF-LPUes prepared from low molecular alkali lignin possessed a tensile strength as high as 38.2 MPa, a maximum elongation at break of 1108 %, and an elastic recovery ratio of up to 98.7 %. Moreover, SF-LPUes showed impressing reprocessing performance and aging resistance. This work provides an industrial application prospect for the synthesis of lignin-containing polyurethane elastomers via a solvent-free synthesis process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Product Technology, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, PR China
| | - Haixu Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Product Technology, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, PR China
| | - Weifeng Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Product Technology, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou 510640, PR China.
| | - Jinhao Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Product Technology, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, PR China
| | - Dongjie Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Product Technology, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, PR China
| | - Xueqing Qiu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Waihuan Xi Road 100, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China
| | - Liang Zhao
- BASF Advanced Chemicals Co. Ltd., 333 Jiangxinsha Road, Pudong District, Shanghai, China
| | - Fengchao Hu
- BASF Advanced Chemicals Co. Ltd., 333 Jiangxinsha Road, Pudong District, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuexia Feng
- BASF Advanced Chemicals Co. Ltd., 333 Jiangxinsha Road, Pudong District, Shanghai, China
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27
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Li J, Sun J, Lv K, Ji Y, Huang X, Bai Y, Wang J, Jin J, Shi S, Liu J. Organic-inorganic composite polyurethane vitrimers with high toughness, self-healing ability and recyclability. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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28
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Wang X, Xu J, Zhang X, Yang Z, Zhang Y, Wang T, Wang Q. Molecularly Engineered Unparalleled Strength and Supertoughness of Poly(urea-urethane) with Shape Memory and Clusterization-Triggered Emission. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2205763. [PMID: 36103729 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202205763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
To address the challenge of realizing multifunctional polymers simultaneously exhibiting high strength and high toughness through molecular engineering, ultrastrong and supertough shape-memory poly(urea-urethane) (PUU) is fabricated by regulating: i) the reversible cross-links composed of rigid units and multiple hydrogen bonds, and ii) the molecular weight of soft segments. The optimal material exhibits an unparalleled strength of 84.2 MPa at a large elongation at a break of 925.6%, a superior toughness of 322.8 MJ m-3 , and remarkable fatigue resistance without fracture. The repeated stretching of this material induces an irreversible deformation, which, however, can be rapidly recovered by heating. Moreover, all samples are capable of temporary shape fixation at -40 °C (recovering the original shape at 30 °C) and exhibit blue fluorescence when excited at the optimum wavelength, which is ascribed to clusterization-triggered emission (CTE) due to the formation of microphase-separation structures. Thus, the adopted approach provides a solution to a long-standing problem and paves the way to the realization of intrinsically luminescent shape-memory materials exhibiting both ultrahigh strength and ultrahigh toughness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Wear and Protection of Materials, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Wear and Protection of Materials, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xinrui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Wear and Protection of Materials, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Zenghui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Wear and Protection of Materials, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yaoming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Wear and Protection of Materials, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Tingmei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Wear and Protection of Materials, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qihua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Wear and Protection of Materials, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
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29
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Wang H, Huang J, Liu W, Huang J, Yang D, Qiu X, Zhang J. Tough and Fast Light-Controlled Healable Lignin-Containing Polyurethane Elastomers. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haixu Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Product Technology, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, P. R. China
| | - Jianhua Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Product Technology, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, P. R. China
| | - Weifeng Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Product Technology, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Jinhao Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Product Technology, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, P. R. China
| | - Dongjie Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Product Technology, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, P. R. China
| | - Xueqing Qiu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Waihuan Xi Road 100, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P. R. China
| | - Jiaren Zhang
- Petrochina Petrochemical Research Institute, Science Base Petro China, Block A42, West of Xisha Village Bridge, Changping District, Beijing 102200, P. R. China
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30
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Vieira FR, Magina S, Evtuguin DV, Barros-Timmons A. Lignin as a Renewable Building Block for Sustainable Polyurethanes. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:6182. [PMID: 36079563 PMCID: PMC9457695 DOI: 10.3390/ma15176182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Currently, the pulp and paper industry generates around 50-70 million tons of lignin annually, which is mainly burned for energy recovery. Lignin, being a natural aromatic polymer rich in functional hydroxyl groups, has been drawing the interest of academia and industry for its valorization, especially for the development of polymeric materials. Among the different types of polymers that can be derived from lignin, polyurethanes (PUs) are amid the most important ones, especially due to their wide range of applications. This review encompasses available technologies to isolate lignin from pulping processes, the main approaches to convert solid lignin into a liquid polyol to produce bio-based polyurethanes, the challenges involving its characterization, and the current technology assessment. Despite the fact that PUs derived from bio-based polyols, such as lignin, are important in contributing to the circular economy, the use of isocyanate is a major environmental hot spot. Therefore, the main strategies that have been used to replace isocyanates to produce non-isocyanate polyurethanes (NIPUs) derived from lignin are also discussed.
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31
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Bakkali-Hassani C, Berne D, Ladmiral V, Caillol S. Transcarbamoylation in Polyurethanes: Underestimated Exchange Reactions? Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Dimitri Berne
- ICGM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
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32
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Recyclable, self-healing itaconic acid-based polyurethane networks with dynamic boronic ester bonds for recoverable adhesion application. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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33
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Hou Y, Peng Y, Li P, Wu Q, Zhang J, Li W, Zhou G, Wu J. Bioinspired Design of High Vibration-Damping Supramolecular Elastomers Based on Multiple Energy-Dissipation Mechanisms. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:35097-35104. [PMID: 35858204 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c07604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Suppressing vibrations and noises is essential for our automated society. Here, inspired by the hierarchical dynamic bonds and phase separation of mussel byssal threads, we synthesize high-damping supramolecular elastomers (HDEs) via simple one-pot radical polymerization of butyl acrylate (BA), acrylic acid (AA), and vinylimidazole (VI). Interestingly, AA and VI not only form hydrogen bonds and ionic bonds simultaneously but also segregate into aggregates of different sizes, thereby successfully mimicking the hierarchical structure of mussel byssal threads. When applying external forces, the weak hydrogen bonds are broken at first and then the ionic bonds and aggregates are disrupted progressively from small to large deformations. Such multiple energy-dissipation mechanisms lead to the outstanding damping property of the HDEs. Therefore, the HDEs outperform commercially available rubbers in terms of sound absorption and vibration damping. Furthermore, the multiple energy-dissipation mechanisms impart the HDEs with high toughness (41.1 MJ/m3), tensile strength (21.3 MPa), and self-healing ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yan Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Peng Li
- School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Qi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Junqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Weihang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Guangwu Zhou
- School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jinrong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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34
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Development of lignin-based waterborne polyurethane materials for flame retardant leather application. Polym Bull (Berl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-022-04320-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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35
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He T, Chen F, Zhu W, Yan N. Functionalized lignin nanoparticles for producing mechanically strong and tough flame-retardant polyurethane elastomers. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 209:1339-1351. [PMID: 35460757 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.04.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
There is a strong interest in developing environmentally friendly synthesis approaches for making polyurethane elastomers (PUE) with desirable mechanical performance and flame retardancy suitable for a variety of applications. Hence, in this study, a novel nano functionalized lignin nanoparticle (Nano-FL) containing nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) moieties was developed via mild grafting reactions combined with the ultrasound method. The Nano-FL incorporated in the PUE acted as both crosslinking agents and flame retardants. The novel Nano-FL showed good compatibility and dispersibility in the PUE matrix, thereby overcoming the weakening effect of adding traditional lignin flame retardants on the mechanical properties of the PUE materials. PUE/Nano-FL exhibited strong tensile properties. Compared with control neat PUE, with 10 wt% of Nano-FL addition, the PUE attained a limiting oxygen index as high as 29.8% and it also passed the UL-94 V-0 rating. Furthermore, Cone Calorimetry Test (CCT) showed that the addition of Nano-FL not only reduced the heat release rate and the total heat release but also decreased the total smoke production rate during combustion. The char residues of PUEs with Nano-FL showed a high oxidation resistance with dense and continuous structural morphologies. The combined barrier and quenching effects of the char layer provided excellent flame retardancy performance. The novel Nano-FL developed in this study showed excellent promises as green functional additives for enhancing mechanical, thermal and flame retardancy performance of a wide range of polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian He
- State Key Laboratory of Pulping and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510641, China; Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3B3, Canada
| | - Fangeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pulping and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510641, China.
| | - Wenxiang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pulping and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510641, China
| | - Ning Yan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3B3, Canada.
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36
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Lu J, Li L, Jiang P, Chen Z, Fontaine G, Zhang Y, Yu G, Bourbigot S. Flammability properties of intumescent vinyl acetate–ethylene copolymer emulsion including natural carbonization agent. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.124709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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37
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Lucherelli MA, Duval A, Avérous L. Biobased vitrimers: Towards sustainable and adaptable performing polymer materials. Prog Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2022.101515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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38
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Wang H, Xu J, Li K, Dong Y, Du Z, Wang S. Highly stretchable, self-healable, and self-adhesive ionogels with efficient antibacterial performances for a highly sensitive wearable strain sensor. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:1301-1307. [PMID: 35141732 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb00041e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Gel-based strain sensors with multi-functional outstanding properties have gained considerable attention. However, conventional gel sensors suffer from unsatisfactory mechanical properties and adhesion, and also a lack of self-healing and antibacterial ability. Herein, a multi-functional ionogel has been constructed based on Ag-Lignin nanoparticles (Ag-Lignin NPs), polyurethane (PU), and ionic liquids. The obtained ionogel exhibited excellent mechanical properties (tensile strength: 3.14 MPa, elongation at break: 1241%), and was conferred self-healing ability by introducing the disulfide bonds into the main chain (the best self-healing efficiency is 97.6%). The dynamic catechol redox system based on Ag-Lignin NPs endows the ionogel with repeatable and long-lasting adhesiveness. Besides, the obtained ionogel also presented favorable antibacterial and UV absorption properties. The sensor based on the ionogel possesses good and stable sensing performance. This study proposes a bright new strategy to fabricate multi-functional ionogel-based sensors exerting broad application prospects in the field of human movement and personalized physiological health monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Wang
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China. .,The Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Junhuai Xu
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China.
| | - Kaijun Li
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China.
| | - Yi Dong
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China.
| | - Zongliang Du
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China.
| | - Shuang Wang
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China. .,The Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
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39
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Borrero-López AM, Valencia C, Franco JM. Lignocellulosic Materials for the Production of Biofuels, Biochemicals and Biomaterials and Applications of Lignocellulose-Based Polyurethanes: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:881. [PMID: 35267704 PMCID: PMC8912558 DOI: 10.3390/polym14050881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The present review is devoted to the description of the state-of-the-art techniques and procedures concerning treatments and modifications of lignocellulosic materials in order to use them as precursors for biomaterials, biochemicals and biofuels, with particular focus on lignin and lignin-based products. Four different main pretreatment types are outlined, i.e., thermal, mechanical, chemical and biological, with special emphasis on the biological action of fungi and bacteria. Therefore, by selecting a determined type of fungi or bacteria, some of the fractions may remain unaltered, while others may be decomposed. In this sense, the possibilities to obtain different final products are massive, depending on the type of microorganism and the biomass selected. Biofuels, biochemicals and biomaterials derived from lignocellulose are extensively described, covering those obtained from the lignocellulose as a whole, but also from the main biopolymers that comprise its structure, i.e., cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. In addition, special attention has been paid to the formulation of bio-polyurethanes from lignocellulosic materials, focusing more specifically on their applications in the lubricant, adhesive and cushioning material fields. High-performance alternatives to petroleum-derived products have been reported, such as adhesives that substantially exceed the adhesion performance of those commercially available in different surfaces, lubricating greases with tribological behaviour superior to those in lithium and calcium soap and elastomers with excellent static and dynamic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio M. Borrero-López
- Pro2TecS—Chemical Process and Product Technology Research Center, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería, Campus de “El Carmen”, Universidad de Huelva, 21071 Huelva, Spain; (C.V.); (J.M.F.)
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40
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Yuan Z, Shang X, Fang J, Li H. A simple method for preparation of lignin/TiO 2 nanocomposites by sulfonation degree regulation and their application in polyurethane films. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 198:18-25. [PMID: 34963624 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.12.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The waterborne polyurethane (WPU) exposed to outdoor environment for a long time are more likely to reduce their mechanical performance and service life. This work describes a simple and effective method to obtain the homogeneous lignin/TiO2 nanocomposite as the anti-UV additive to improve the applicability of WPU. The SKLs/TiO2 were prepared by the gradient sulfonation kraft lignin (SKLs) and tetrabutyl titanate. The particle morphology and hybrid structure of SKLs/TiO2 are characterized by FT-IR, zeta potential analysis, XPS, TG and SEM. Interestingly, it was found that the change of π-π interactions and electrostatic repulsion between SKL molecules effected the forming of SKLs/TiO2 nanocomposite. The lignin content and morphology of SKLs/TiO2 nanocomposite could be controlled by regulating the sulfonate group content on lignin molecular. Furthermore, the SKLs/TiO2 nanocomposites was successfully applied on water polyurethane film as the additive, when SKLs/TiO2 content increased from 0 wt% to 5.0 wt%, the tensile strength increased 43%, the elongation at break increased from 240.0% to 352.0% and the UV transmittance reduced from 87% to 1.7% below 400 nm, which greatly improved the UV resistance and mechanical properties. The results of this study are of significant and practical importance to the high-value-added utilization of lignin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Yuan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinyue Shang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Fang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China.
| | - Hao Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China.
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41
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Liu Z, Guo W, Wang W, Guo Z, Yao L, Xue Y, Liu Q, Zhang Q. Healable Strain Sensor Based on Tough and Eco-Friendly Biomimetic Supramolecular Waterborne Polyurethane. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:6016-6027. [PMID: 35061368 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c21987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Stretchable sensors are essential for flexible electronics, which can be made with polymer elastomers as the matrix. The main challenge in producing practical devices is to obtain polymers with mechanical stability, eco-friendliness, and self-healing properties. Herein, we introduce urea bonds and 2-ureido-4[1H]-pyrimidinone (UPy) to synthesize tailored waterborne polyurethanes (WPU-UPy-x) with a hierarchical hydrogen bond (H-bond). Accordingly, sound tensile performance (strength: 53.33 MPa, toughness: 128.97 MJ m-3), satisfying deformation recovery, and good self-healing capability of the WPU-UPy-x film are demonstrated. With atomic force microscope characterization, we find that UPy groups contribute to the highly improved microphase separation of WPU-UPy-x, responsible for good mechanical properties. As a proof of concept, a strain sensor is successfully configured, thanks to the good interfacial interactions between the polyurethane matrix and the Ti3C2Tx MXene conductive filler, which features sensitive and stable performance for monitoring diverse human and mechanical motions. Intriguingly, this sensor is capable of self-healing after cutting and displays well-retained sensitivity to detect the stretched signal. The as-proposed design concept for healable and sensitive strain sensors can shed light on future wearable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongxu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China
| | - Wenyan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China
| | - Zijian Guo
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China
| | - Laifeng Yao
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China
| | - Ying Xue
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China
| | - Qiuyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China
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42
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Vidil T, Llevot A. Fully Biobased Vitrimers: Future Direction Towards Sustainable Cross‐Linked Polymers. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202100494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Vidil
- University of Bordeaux CNRS Bordeaux INP Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques UMR 5629, ENSCBP, 16 avenue Pey‐Berland Pessac cedex F‐33607 France
| | - Audrey Llevot
- University of Bordeaux CNRS Bordeaux INP Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques UMR 5629, ENSCBP, 16 avenue Pey‐Berland Pessac cedex F‐33607 France
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43
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Preparation of carboxymethylated lignin-based multifunctional flocculant and its application for copper-containing wastewater. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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44
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Li S, Zhang Y, Ma X, Qiu S, Chen J, Lu G, Jia Z, Zhu J, Yang Q, Chen J, Wei Y. Antimicrobial Lignin-Based Polyurethane/Ag Composite Foams for Improving Wound Healing. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:1622-1632. [PMID: 35104104 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c01465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial materials are an urgent need for modern wound care in the clinic. Although traditional polyurethane foams have proven to be clinically valuable for wound treatment, their petroleum-originated preparation and bioinert nature have restricted their efficacy in biomedical applications. Here, we propose a simple one-step foaming method to prepare lignin-based polyurethane foams (LPUFs) in which fully biobased polyether polyols partially replace traditional petroleum-based raw materials. The trace amount of phenolic hydroxyl groups (about 4 mmol) in liquefied lignin acts as a direct reducing agent and capping agent to silver ions (less than 0.3 mmol), in situ forming silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) within the LPUF skeleton. This newly proposed lignin polyurethane/Ag composite foam (named as Ag NP-LPUF) shows improved mechanical, thermal, and antibacterial properties. It is worth mentioning that the Ag NP-LPUF exhibits more than 99% antibacterial rate against Escherichia coli within 1 h and Staphylococcus aureus within 4 h. Evaluations in mice indicate that the antimicrobial composite foams can effectively promote wound healing of full-thickness skin defects. As a proof of concept, this antibacterial and biodegradable foam exhibits significant potential for clinical translation in wound care dressings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqi Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Laboratory of Polymers and Composites, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China.,Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yansheng Zhang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing 100039, China.,Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperative Base of Biomedical Materials and Technology, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315300, China
| | - Xiaozhen Ma
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Laboratory of Polymers and Composites, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Shihui Qiu
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperative Base of Biomedical Materials and Technology, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315300, China
| | - Guangming Lu
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Zhen Jia
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Laboratory of Polymers and Composites, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Jin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Laboratory of Polymers and Composites, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Qiu Yang
- Ningbo New Material Testing and Evaluation Center Co., Ltd., Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Laboratory of Polymers and Composites, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Yen Wei
- Department of Chemistry and the Tsinghua Center for Frontier Polymer Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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45
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Paul R, John B, Sahoo SK. UV-Curable Bio-Based Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives: Tuning the Properties by Incorporating Liquid-Phase Alkali Lignin-Acrylates. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:816-828. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c01249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rhiya Paul
- Material Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695019, India
| | - Ben John
- Material Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695019, India
| | - Sushanta K. Sahoo
- Material Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695019, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (ACSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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46
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Synthesis, Characterization and Properties of Antibacterial Polyurethanes. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14010213. [PMID: 35012234 PMCID: PMC8747247 DOI: 10.3390/polym14010213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel physically crosslinked polyurethane (PUII), based on isophorone diisocyanates, was prepared by a conventional two-step method. The chemical structures of the PUII were characterized by fourier transform infrared (FTIR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and DSC. The PUII hydrogels were subjected to solvent-induced self-assembly in THF + water to construct a variety of morphologies. The self-assembly morphology of the PUII was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The PUII films with different amounts (0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8%, 1.0%) of 1,3,5-Tris(2-hydroxyethyl)hexahydro-1,3,5-triazine (TNO) were challenged with Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Gray mold. The results showed that when a small amount of antibacterial agent were added, the antibacterial effect of films on Botrytis cinerea was more obvious. The mechanical evaluation shows that the antimicrobial polyurethane films exhibit good mechanical properties.
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47
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Liu W, Yang S, Huang L, Xu J, Zhao N. Dynamic covalent polymers enabled by reversible isocyanate chemistry. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:12399-12417. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cc04747k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Reversible isocyanate chemistry containing urethane, thiourethane, and urea bonds is valuable for designing dynamic covalent polymers to achieve promising applications in recycling, self-healing, shape morphing, 3D printing, and composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxing Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Shijia Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Lei Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Ning Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
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48
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49
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Xu J, Wang X, Ruan H, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Yang Z, Wang Q, Wang T. Recent Advances in High-strength and High-toughness Polyurethanes Based on Supramolecular Interactions. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00269h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Recent developments in supramolecular chemistry have generated increasing interest in supramolecular polymers and opened a window for the exploitation of various supramolecular polymeric materials and their multifunctional composites. High-performance polyurethanes,...
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50
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Lee UJ, Shin SR, Noh H, Song HB, Kim J, Lee DS, Kim BG. Rationally Designed Eugenol-Based Chain Extender for Self-Healing Polyurethane Elastomers. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:28848-28858. [PMID: 34746577 PMCID: PMC8567349 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c03802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Bio-based polyurethane (PU) has recently drawn our attention due to the increasing interest in sustainability and the risks involved with petroleum depletion. Herein, bio-based self-healing PU with a novel polyol, i.e., eugenol glycol dimer (EGD), was synthesized and characterized for the first time. EGD was designed to have pairs of primary, secondary, and aromatic alcohols, which all are able to be involved in urethane bond formation and to show self-healing and antioxidant effects. EGD was incorporated into a mixture of the prepolymer of polyol (tetramethylene ether glycol) and 4,4'-methylene diphenyl diisocyanate to synthesize PU. EGD-PU showed excellent self-healing properties (99.84%), and it maintained its high self-healing property (84.71%) even after three repeated tests. This dramatic self-healing was induced through transcarbamoylation by the pendant hydroxyl groups of EGD-PU. The excellent antioxidant effect of EGD-PU was confirmed by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl analysis. Eugenol-based EGD is a promising polyol chain extender that is required in the production of bio-based, self-healing, and recyclable polyurethane; therefore, EGD-PU can be applied to bio-based self-healable films or coating materials as a substitute for petroleum-based PU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uk-Jae Lee
- School
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1, Gwanak-gu, 08826 Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute
of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul
National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Ra Shin
- Research
Institute, Jungwoo Fine Co., Ltd., #63-8, Seogam-ro 1-gil, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do 54586, Republic of Korea
| | - Heewon Noh
- School
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1, Gwanak-gu, 08826 Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute
of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul
National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Bit Song
- School
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1, Gwanak-gu, 08826 Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute
of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul
National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Junyeob Kim
- School
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1, Gwanak-gu, 08826 Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute
of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul
National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Dai-Soo Lee
- Research
Institute, Jungwoo Fine Co., Ltd., #63-8, Seogam-ro 1-gil, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do 54586, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Gee Kim
- School
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1, Gwanak-gu, 08826 Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute
of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul
National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
- Institute
of Bioengineering in Bio-Max, Seoul National
University, Gwanak-ro
1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Institute
for Sustainable Development(ISD), Seoul
National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
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