1
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Ran R, Trapecar M, Brubaker DK. Systematic Analysis of Human Colorectal Cancer scRNA-seq Revealed Limited Pro-tumoral IL-17 Production Potential in Gamma Delta T Cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.18.604156. [PMID: 39071278 PMCID: PMC11275756 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.18.604156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Gamma delta (γδ) T cells play a crucial role in anti-tumor immunity due to their cytotoxic properties. However, the role and extent of γδ T cells in production of pro-tumorigenic interleukin- 17 (IL-17) within the tumor microenvironment (TME) of colorectal cancer (CRC) remains controversial. In this study, we re-analyzed nine published human CRC whole-tissue single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) datasets, identifying 18,483 γδ T cells out of 951,785 total cells, in the neoplastic or adjacent normal tissue of 165 human CRC patients. Our results confirm that tumor-infiltrating γδ T cells exhibit high cytotoxicity-related transcription in both tumor and adjacent normal tissues, but critically, none of the γδ T cell clusters showed IL-17 production potential. We also identified various γδ T cell subsets, including Teff, TRM, Tpex, and Tex, and noted an increased expression of cytotoxic molecules in tumor-infiltrating γδ T cells compared to their normal area counterparts. Our work demonstrates that γδ T cells in CRC primarily function as cytotoxic effector cells rather than IL-17 producers, mitigating the concerns about their potential pro-tumorigenic roles in CRC, highlighting the importance of accurately characterizing these cells for cancer immunotherapy research and the unneglectable cross-species discrepancy between the mouse and human immune system in the study of cancer immunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Ran
- Center for Global Health and Diseases, Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Martin Trapecar
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Johns Hopkins All Children’s Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Douglas K. Brubaker
- Center for Global Health and Diseases, Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
- The Blood, Heart, Lung, and Immunology Research Center, Case Western Reserve University, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, OH
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2
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Ziaka M, Exadaktylos A. Gut-derived immune cells and the gut-lung axis in ARDS. Crit Care 2024; 28:220. [PMID: 38965622 PMCID: PMC11225303 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-024-05006-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut serves as a vital immunological organ orchestrating immune responses and influencing distant mucosal sites, notably the respiratory mucosa. It is increasingly recognized as a central driver of critical illnesses, with intestinal hyperpermeability facilitating bacterial translocation, systemic inflammation, and organ damage. The "gut-lung" axis emerges as a pivotal pathway, where gut-derived injurious factors trigger acute lung injury (ALI) through the systemic circulation. Direct and indirect effects of gut microbiota significantly impact immune responses. Dysbiosis, particularly intestinal dysbiosis, termed as an imbalance of microbial species and a reduction in microbial diversity within certain bodily microbiomes, influences adaptive immune responses, including differentiating T regulatory cells (Tregs) and T helper 17 (Th17) cells, which are critical in various lung inflammatory conditions. Additionally, gut and bone marrow immune cells impact pulmonary immune activity, underscoring the complex gut-lung interplay. Moreover, lung microbiota alterations are implicated in diverse gut pathologies, affecting local and systemic immune landscapes. Notably, lung dysbiosis can reciprocally influence gut microbiota composition, indicating bidirectional gut-lung communication. In this review, we investigate the pathophysiology of ALI/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), elucidating the role of immune cells in the gut-lung axis based on recent experimental and clinical research. This exploration aims to enhance understanding of ALI/ARDS pathogenesis and to underscore the significance of gut-lung interactions in respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mairi Ziaka
- Clinic of Geriatric Medicine, Center of Geriatric Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kantonsspital Baselland, Bruderholz, Switzerland.
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Inselspital, University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Aristomenis Exadaktylos
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Inselspital, University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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3
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Ualiyeva S, Lemire E, Wong C, Perniss A, Boyd A, Avilés EC, Minichetti DG, Maxfield A, Roditi R, Matsumoto I, Wang X, Deng W, Barrett NA, Buchheit KM, Laidlaw TM, Boyce JA, Bankova LG, Haber AL. A nasal cell atlas reveals heterogeneity of tuft cells and their role in directing olfactory stem cell proliferation. Sci Immunol 2024; 9:eabq4341. [PMID: 38306414 PMCID: PMC11127180 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abq4341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
The olfactory neuroepithelium serves as a sensory organ for odors and forms part of the nasal mucosal barrier. Olfactory sensory neurons are surrounded and supported by epithelial cells. Among them, microvillous cells (MVCs) are strategically positioned at the apical surface, but their specific functions are enigmatic, and their relationship to the other specialized epithelial cells is unclear. Here, we establish that the family of MVCs comprises tuft cells and ionocytes in both mice and humans. Integrating analysis of the respiratory and olfactory epithelia, we define the distinct receptor expression of TRPM5+ tuft-MVCs compared with Gɑ-gustducinhigh respiratory tuft cells and characterize a previously undescribed population of glandular DCLK1+ tuft cells. To establish how allergen sensing by tuft-MVCs might direct olfactory mucosal responses, we used an integrated single-cell transcriptional and protein analysis. Inhalation of Alternaria induced mucosal epithelial effector molecules including Chil4 and a distinct pathway leading to proliferation of the quiescent olfactory horizontal basal stem cell (HBC) pool, both triggered in the absence of olfactory apoptosis. Alternaria- and ATP-elicited HBC proliferation was dependent on TRPM5+ tuft-MVCs, identifying these specialized epithelial cells as regulators of olfactory stem cell responses. Together, our data provide high-resolution characterization of nasal tuft cell heterogeneity and identify a function of TRPM5+ tuft-MVCs in directing the olfactory mucosal response to allergens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saltanat Ualiyeva
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Brigham & Women’s Hospital and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Evan Lemire
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Caitlin Wong
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Brigham & Women’s Hospital and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Alexander Perniss
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Brigham & Women’s Hospital and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Amelia Boyd
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Brigham & Women’s Hospital and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Evelyn C. Avilés
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; currently at Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
| | - Dante G. Minichetti
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Brigham & Women’s Hospital and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Alice Maxfield
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Rachel Roditi
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - Xin Wang
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Brigham & Women’s Hospital and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Wenjiang Deng
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Nora A. Barrett
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Brigham & Women’s Hospital and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Kathleen M. Buchheit
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Brigham & Women’s Hospital and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Tanya M. Laidlaw
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Brigham & Women’s Hospital and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Joshua A. Boyce
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Brigham & Women’s Hospital and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Lora G. Bankova
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Brigham & Women’s Hospital and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Adam L. Haber
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
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4
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Guo J, Chowdhury RR, Mallajosyula V, Xie J, Dubey M, Liu Y, Li J, Wei YL, Palanski BA, Wang C, Qiu L, Ohanyan M, Kask O, Sola E, Kamalyan L, Lewis DB, Scriba TJ, Davis MM, Dodd D, Zeng X, Chien YH. γδ T cell antigen receptor polyspecificity enables T cell responses to a broad range of immune challenges. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2315592121. [PMID: 38227652 PMCID: PMC10823224 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2315592121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
γδ T cells are essential for immune defense and modulating physiological processes. While they have the potential to recognize large numbers of antigens through somatic gene rearrangement, the antigens which trigger most γδ T cell response remain unidentified, and the role of antigen recognition in γδ T cell function is contentious. Here, we show that some γδ T cell receptors (TCRs) exhibit polyspecificity, recognizing multiple ligands of diverse molecular nature. These ligands include haptens, metabolites, neurotransmitters, posttranslational modifications, as well as peptides and proteins of microbial and host origin. Polyspecific γδ T cells are enriched among activated cells in naive mice and the responding population in infection. They express diverse TCR sequences, have different functional potentials, and include the innate-like γδ T cells, such as the major IL-17 responders in various pathological/physiological conditions. We demonstrate that encountering their antigenic microbiome metabolite maintains their homeostasis and functional response, indicating that their ability to recognize multiple ligands is essential for their function. Human γδ T cells with similar polyspecificity also respond to various immune challenges. This study demonstrates that polyspecificity is a prevalent feature of γδ T cell antigen recognition, which enables rapid and robust T cell responses to a wide range of challenges, highlighting a unique function of γδ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Guo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
- Program in Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Roshni Roy Chowdhury
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
- Program in Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Vamsee Mallajosyula
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Jianming Xie
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
- Program in Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Megha Dubey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
- Program in Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Jing Li
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Yu-ling Wei
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
- Program in Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
| | | | - Conghua Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
- Program in Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Lingfeng Qiu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310003, China
- National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310003, China
| | - Mané Ohanyan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
- Program in Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Oliver Kask
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
- Program in Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Elsa Sola
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Lilit Kamalyan
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
| | - David B. Lewis
- Program in Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Thomas J. Scriba
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town7700, South Africa
| | - Mark M. Davis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
- HHMI, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Dylan Dodd
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Xun Zeng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310003, China
- National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310003, China
- Research Units of Infectious disease and Microecology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing100730, China
| | - Yueh-hsiu Chien
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
- Program in Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
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5
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Heyndrickx I, Deswarte K, Verstraete K, Verschueren KHG, Smole U, Aegerter H, Dansercoer A, Hammad H, Savvides SN, Lambrecht BN. Ym1 protein crystals promote type 2 immunity. eLife 2024; 12:RP90676. [PMID: 38194250 PMCID: PMC10945506 DOI: 10.7554/elife.90676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous protein crystallization is a rare event, yet protein crystals are frequently found in eosinophil-rich inflammation. In humans, Charcot-Leyden crystals (CLCs) are made from galectin-10 (Gal10) protein, an abundant protein in eosinophils. Although mice do not encode Gal10 in their genome, they do form pseudo-CLCs, made from the chitinase-like proteins Ym1 and/or Ym2, encoded by Chil3 and Chil4 and made by myeloid and epithelial cells respectively. Here, we investigated the biological effects of pseudo-CLCs since their function is currently unknown. We produced recombinant Ym1 crystals which were shown to have identical crystal packing and structure by X-ray crystallography as in vivo native crystals derived from murine lung. When administered to the airways of mice, crystalline but not soluble Ym1 stimulated innate and adaptive immunity and acted as a type 2 immune adjuvant for eosinophilic inflammation via triggering of dendritic cells (DCs). Murine Ym1 protein crystals found at sites of eosinophilic inflammation reinforce type 2 immunity and could serve as a surrogate model for studying the biology of human CLCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Heyndrickx
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation ResearchGhentBelgium
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Kim Deswarte
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation ResearchGhentBelgium
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Kenneth Verstraete
- Unit for Structural Biology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation ResearchGhentBelgium
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Koen HG Verschueren
- Unit for Structural Biology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation ResearchGhentBelgium
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Ursula Smole
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation ResearchGhentBelgium
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Helena Aegerter
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation ResearchGhentBelgium
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Ann Dansercoer
- Unit for Structural Biology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation ResearchGhentBelgium
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Hamida Hammad
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation ResearchGhentBelgium
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Savvas N Savvides
- Unit for Structural Biology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation ResearchGhentBelgium
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Bart N Lambrecht
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation ResearchGhentBelgium
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent UniversityGhentBelgium
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamNetherlands
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6
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Yan W, Menjivar RE, Bonilla ME, Steele NG, Kemp SB, Du W, Donahue KL, Brown K, Carpenter ES, Avritt FR, Irizarry-Negron VM, Yang S, Burns WR, Zhang Y, di Magliano MP, Bednar F. Notch Signaling Regulates Immunosuppressive Tumor-Associated Macrophage Function in Pancreatic Cancer. Cancer Immunol Res 2024; 12:91-106. [PMID: 37931247 PMCID: PMC10842043 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-23-0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) continues to have a dismal prognosis. The poor survival of patients with PDA has been attributed to a high rate of early metastasis and low efficacy of current therapies, which partly result from its complex immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Previous studies from our group and others have shown that tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) are instrumental in maintaining immunosuppression in PDA. Here, we explored the role of Notch signaling, a key regulator of immune response, within the PDA microenvironment. We identified Notch pathway components in multiple immune cell types within human and mouse pancreatic cancer. TAMs, the most abundant immune cell population in the tumor microenvironment, expressed high levels of Notch receptors, with cognate ligands such as JAG1 expressed on tumor epithelial cells, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts. TAMs with activated Notch signaling expressed higher levels of immunosuppressive mediators, suggesting that Notch signaling plays a role in macrophage polarization within the PDA microenvironment. Genetic inhibition of Notch in myeloid cells led to reduced tumor size and decreased macrophage infiltration in an orthotopic PDA model. Combination of pharmacologic Notch inhibition with PD-1 blockade resulted in increased cytotoxic T-cell infiltration, tumor cell apoptosis, and smaller tumor size. Our work implicates macrophage Notch signaling in the establishment of immunosuppression and indicates that targeting the Notch pathway may improve the efficacy of immune-based therapies in patients with PDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yan
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Rosa E. Menjivar
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Monica E. Bonilla
- Cancer Biology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Nina G. Steele
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Samantha B. Kemp
- Molecular and Cellular Pathology Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Wenting Du
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Katelyn L. Donahue
- Cancer Biology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Kristee Brown
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Eileen S. Carpenter
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor MI 48109, USA
| | - Faith R. Avritt
- College of Literature, Science, and the Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | | | - Sion Yang
- College of Literature, Science, and the Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - William R. Burns
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yaqing Zhang
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Marina Pasca di Magliano
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Filip Bednar
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Cancer Biology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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7
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Lekki-Jóźwiak J, Bąska P. The Roles of Various Immune Cell Populations in Immune Response against Helminths. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:420. [PMID: 38203591 PMCID: PMC10778651 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Helminths are multicellular parasites that are a substantial problem for both human and veterinary medicine. According to estimates, 1.5 billion people suffer from their infection, resulting in decreased life quality and burdens for healthcare systems. On the other hand, these infections may alleviate autoimmune diseases and allergy symptoms. The immune system is programmed to combat infections; nevertheless, its effector mechanisms may result in immunopathologies and exacerbate clinical symptoms. This review summarizes the role of the immune response against worms, with an emphasis on the Th2 response, which is a hallmark of helminth infections. We characterize non-immune cells (enteric tuft cells-ETCs) responsible for detecting parasites, as well as the role of hematopoietic-derived cells (macrophages, basophils, eosinophils, neutrophils, innate lymphoid cells group 2-ILC2s, mast cells, T cells, and B cells) in initiating and sustaining the immune response, as well as the functions they play in granulomas. The aim of this paper is to review the existing knowledge regarding the immune response against helminths, to attempt to decipher the interactions between cells engaged in the response, and to indicate the gaps in the current knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janina Lekki-Jóźwiak
- Division of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Piotr Bąska
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland
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8
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Lins JGG, Albuquerque ACAD, Almeida FAD, Britton C, Malossi C, Araújo-Júnior JPD, Louvandini H, Amarante AFT. Abomasal RNA-seq reveals a strong local cellular response in suckling lambs with resistance against Haemonchus contortus. Int J Parasitol 2023; 53:739-749. [PMID: 37673202 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2023.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Santa Ines (SI) and Ile de France (IF) sheep are known to be resistant and susceptible to Haemonchus contortus infection, respectively. Several studies have shown some genes as potential biological markers for sheep resistance against gastrointestinal nematodes using molecular tools, including transcriptomic analysis. In this study, we sequenced the polyadenylated RNA of the abomasal tissue of SI and IF suckling lambs to identify mucosa-specific transcript alterations between breeds artificially infected with H. contortus. Naïve SI (n = 4) and IF (n = 4) lambs were artificially infected every other day, over a period of 52 days, from 14 to 66 days old, with a total of 5,400 H. contortus infective larvae. Fundic abomasal tissue samples were collected at 68 days old, and submitted to high-throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). Differential expression analysis (P value < 0.001 and False Discovery Rate (FDR) < 0.05) between SI and IF samples identified 292 genes, most of which showed greater expression in SI lambs. To help annotate and assign possible function to differentially expressed genes (DEGs), we used previously available single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) data from ovine abomasal mucosa to putatively identify cell types and possible mechanisms involved in resistance to H. contortus. In particular, genes associated with endothelial and tuft cells showed the greatest increases in expression in SI relative to IF lambs. SI lambs had higher percentages of tuft cells than IF lambs in the fundic abomasal mucosa. Although we found innate immunity (cell-mediated in mucosa) acting as a protagonist in impairing H. contortus infection, a stronger acquired immune response was being modulated at an earlier stage by SI lambs. We suggest that the complex connection between innate and adaptive immunity is via cellular antigen processing and presentation (APP). Based on comparison with scRNA-seq data, SI lambs showed a robust APP mechanism characterized mainly by greater T cell APP, macrophage differentiation, and cytokine signalling. We identified potential mechanisms and markers to advance knowledge for selection of H. contortus resistance at a very early age, in SI as well as in other commercial sheep breeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Gabriel Gonçalves Lins
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Botucatu, SP, Brazil; São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Collette Britton
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Camila Malossi
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Helder Louvandini
- Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
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9
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Maizels RM, Gause WC. Targeting helminths: The expanding world of type 2 immune effector mechanisms. J Exp Med 2023; 220:e20221381. [PMID: 37638887 PMCID: PMC10460967 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20221381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In this new review, Rick Maizels and Bill Gause summarize how type 2 immune responses combat helminth parasites through novel mechanisms, coordinating multiple innate and adaptive cell and molecular players that can eliminate infection and repair-resultant tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rick M. Maizels
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, School of Infection and Immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - William C. Gause
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers Biomedical Health Sciences Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical Health Sciences, Newark, NJ, USA
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10
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Curren B, Ahmed T, Howard DR, Ashik Ullah M, Sebina I, Rashid RB, Al Amin Sikder M, Namubiru P, Bissell A, Ngo S, Jackson DJ, Toussaint M, Edwards MR, Johnston SL, McSorley HJ, Phipps S. IL-33-induced neutrophilic inflammation and NETosis underlie rhinovirus-triggered exacerbations of asthma. Mucosal Immunol 2023; 16:671-684. [PMID: 37506849 DOI: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2023.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Rhinovirus-induced neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) contribute to acute asthma exacerbations; however, the molecular factors that trigger NETosis in this context remain ill-defined. Here, we sought to implicate a role for IL-33, an epithelial cell-derived alarmin rapidly released in response to infection. In mice with chronic experimental asthma (CEA), but not naïve controls, rhinovirus inoculation induced an early (1 day post infection; dpi) inflammatory response dominated by neutrophils, neutrophil-associated cytokines (IL-1α, IL-1β, CXCL1), and NETosis, followed by a later, type-2 inflammatory phase (3-7 dpi), characterised by eosinophils, elevated IL-4 levels, and goblet cell hyperplasia. Notably, both phases were ablated by HpARI (Heligmosomoides polygyrus Alarmin Release Inhibitor), which blocks IL-33 release and signalling. Instillation of exogenous IL-33 recapitulated the rhinovirus-induced early phase, including the increased presence of NETs in the airway mucosa, in a PAD4-dependent manner. Ex vivo IL-33-stimulated neutrophils from mice with CEA, but not naïve mice, underwent NETosis and produced greater amounts of IL-1α/β, IL-4, and IL-5. In nasal samples from rhinovirus-infected people with asthma, but not healthy controls, IL-33 levels correlated with neutrophil elastase and dsDNA. Our findings suggest that IL-33 blockade ameliorates the severity of an asthma exacerbation by attenuating neutrophil recruitment and the downstream generation of NETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bodie Curren
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Tufael Ahmed
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Queensland 4000, Australia
| | - Daniel R Howard
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Md Ashik Ullah
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - Ismail Sebina
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Queensland 4072, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Queensland 4000, Australia
| | - Ridwan B Rashid
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Md Al Amin Sikder
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Patricia Namubiru
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Alec Bissell
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - Sylvia Ngo
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - David J Jackson
- School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK; National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Marie Toussaint
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Michael R Edwards
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Henry J McSorley
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Simon Phipps
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Queensland 4072, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Queensland 4000, Australia; Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, 4072 Queensland, Australia.
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11
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Curtiss ML, Rosenberg AF, Scharer CD, Mousseau B, Benavides NAB, Bradley JE, León B, Steele C, Randall TD, Lund FE. Chitinase-3-like 1 regulates T H2 cells, T FH cells and IgE responses to helminth infection. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1158493. [PMID: 37575256 PMCID: PMC10415220 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1158493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Data from patient cohorts and mouse models of atopic dermatitis, food allergy and asthma strongly support a role for chitinase-3-like-1 protein (CHI3L1) in allergic disease. Methods To address whether Chi3l1 also contributes to TH2 responses following nematode infection, we infected Chi3l1 -/- mice with Heligmosomoides polygyrus (Hp) and analyzed T cell responses. Results As anticipated, we observed impaired TH2 responses in Hp-infected Chi3l1 -/- mice. However, we also found that T cell intrinsic expression of Chi3l1 was required for ICOS upregulation following activation of naïve CD4 T cells and was necessary for the development of the IL-4+ TFH subset, which supports germinal center B cell reactions and IgE responses. We also observed roles for Chi3l1 in TFH, germinal center B cell, and IgE responses to alum-adjuvanted vaccination. While Chi3l1 was critical for IgE humoral responses it was not required for vaccine or infection-induced IgG1 responses. Discussion These results suggest that Chi3l1 modulates IgE responses, which are known to be highly dependent on IL-4-producing TFH cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda L. Curtiss
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, University of Alabama Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL, United States
- Department of Medicine, Section of Allergy and Immunology, Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Alexander F. Rosenberg
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL, United States
- Informatics Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | | | - Betty Mousseau
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Natalia A. Ballesteros Benavides
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, University of Alabama Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL, United States
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - John E. Bradley
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Alabama Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Beatriz León
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Chad Steele
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Troy D. Randall
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Alabama Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Frances E. Lund
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL, United States
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12
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Camaya I, O’Brien B, Donnelly S. How do parasitic worms prevent diabetes? An exploration of their influence on macrophage and β-cell crosstalk. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1205219. [PMID: 37564976 PMCID: PMC10411736 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1205219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is the fastest growing chronic disease globally, with prevalence increasing at a faster rate than heart disease and cancer. While the disease presents clinically as chronic hyperglycaemia, two distinct subtypes have been recognised. Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is characterised as an autoimmune disease in which the insulin-producing pancreatic β-cells are destroyed, and type 2 diabetes (T2D) arises due to metabolic insufficiency, in which inadequate amounts of insulin are produced, and/or the actions of insulin are diminished. It is now apparent that pro-inflammatory responses cause a loss of functional β-cell mass, and this is the common underlying mechanism of both T1D and T2D. Macrophages are the central immune cells in the pathogenesis of both diseases and play a major role in the initiation and perpetuation of the proinflammatory responses that compromise β-cell function. Furthermore, it is the crosstalk between macrophages and β-cells that orchestrates the inflammatory response and ensuing β-cell dysfunction/destruction. Conversely, this crosstalk can induce immune tolerance and preservation of β-cell mass and function. Thus, specifically targeting the intercellular communication between macrophages and β-cells offers a unique strategy to prevent/halt the islet inflammatory events underpinning T1D and T2D. Due to their potent ability to regulate mammalian immune responses, parasitic worms (helminths), and their excretory/secretory products, have been examined for their potential as therapeutic agents for both T1D and T2D. This research has yielded positive results in disease prevention, both clinically and in animal models. However, the focus of research has been on the modulation of immune cells and their effectors. This approach has ignored the direct effects of helminths and their products on β-cells, and the modulation of signal exchange between macrophages and β-cells. This review explores how the alterations to macrophages induced by helminths, and their products, influence the crosstalk with β-cells to promote their function and survival. In addition, the evidence that parasite-derived products interact directly with endocrine cells to influence their communication with macrophages to prevent β-cell death and enhance function is discussed. This new paradigm of two-way metabolic conversations between endocrine cells and macrophages opens new avenues for the treatment of immune-mediated metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sheila Donnelly
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
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13
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Chetty A, Darby MG, Pillaye J, Taliep A, Cunningham AF, O’Shea MK, Katawa G, Layland LE, Ritter M, Horsnell WGC. Induction of Siglec-F hiCD101 hi eosinophils in the lungs following murine hookworm Nippostrongylus brasiliensis infection. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1170807. [PMID: 37251384 PMCID: PMC10213982 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1170807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Helminth-induced eosinophils accumulate around the parasite at the site of infection, or in parasite-damaged tissues well after the helminth has left the site. The role of helminth-elicited eosinophils in mediating parasite control is complex. While they may contribute to direct parasite-killing and tissue repair, their involvement in long-term immunopathogenesis is a concern. In allergic Siglec-FhiCD101hi, eosinophils are associated with pathology. Research has not shown if equivalent subpopulations of eosinophils are a feature of helminth infection. In this study, we demonstrate that lung migration of rodent hookworm Nippostrongylus brasiliensis (Nb) results in a long-term expansion of distinct Siglec-FhiCD101hi eosinophil subpopulations. Nb-elevated eosinophil populations in the bone marrow and circulation did not present this phenotype. Siglec-FhiCD101hi lung eosinophils exhibited an activated morphology including nuclei hyper-segmentation and cytoplasm degranulation. Recruitment of ST2+ ILC2s and not CD4+ T cells to the lungs was associated with the expansion of Siglec-FhiCD101hi eosinophils. This data identifies a morphologically distinct and persistent subset of Siglec-FhiCD101hi lung eosinophils induced following Nb infection. These eosinophils may contribute to long-term pathology following helminth infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisha Chetty
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pathology, Division of Immunology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Matthew G. Darby
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pathology, Division of Immunology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jamie Pillaye
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - A'ishah Taliep
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pathology, Division of Immunology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Adam F. Cunningham
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew K. O’Shea
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Gnatoulma Katawa
- Unité de Recherche en Immunologie et Immunomodulation (UR2IM)/Laboratoire de Microbiologie et de Contrôle de Qualité des Denrées Alimentaires (LAMICODA), Ecole Supérieure des Techniques Biologiques et Alimentaires, Universite de Lomé, Lomé, Togo
| | - Laura E. Layland
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Neglected Tropical Disease, Partner site Bonn-Cologne, Bonn, Germany
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
| | - Manuel Ritter
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
| | - William G. C. Horsnell
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pathology, Division of Immunology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Laboratory of Molecular and Experimental Immunology and Neuro-genetics, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-University of Orleans and Le Studium Institute for Advanced Studies, Orléans, France
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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14
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Abstract
Type 2 immunity mediates protective responses to helminths and pathological responses to allergens, but it also has broad roles in the maintenance of tissue integrity, including wound repair. Type 2 cytokines are known to promote fibrosis, an overzealous repair response, but their contribution to healthy wound repair is less well understood. This review discusses the evidence that the canonical type 2 cytokines, IL-4 and IL-13, are integral to the tissue repair process through two main pathways. First, essential for the progression of effective tissue repair, IL-4 and IL-13 suppress the initial inflammatory response to injury. Second, these cytokines regulate how the extracellular matrix is modified, broken down, and rebuilt for effective repair. IL-4 and/or IL-13 amplifies multiple aspects of the tissue repair response, but many of these pathways are highly redundant and can be induced by other signals. Therefore, the exact contribution of IL-4Rα signaling remains difficult to unravel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith E Allen
- Lydia Becker Institute for Immunology and Inflammation and Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom;
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15
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Declercq J, Hammad H, Lambrecht BN, Smole U. Chitinases and chitinase-like proteins in asthma. Semin Immunol 2023; 67:101759. [PMID: 37031560 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2023.101759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
Despite the lack of endogenous chitin synthesis, mammalian genomes encode two enzymatically active true chitinases (chitotriosidase and acidic mammalian chitinase) and a variable number of chitinase-like proteins (CLPs) that have no enzyme activity but bind chitin. Chitinases and CLPs are prominent components of type-2 immune response-mediated respiratory diseases. However, despite extensive research into their role in allergic airway disease, there is still no agreement on whether they are mere biomarkers of disease or actual disease drivers. Functions ascribed to chitinases and CLPs include, but are not limited to host defense against chitin-containing pathogens, directly promoting inflammation, and modulating tissue remodeling and fibrosis. Here, we discuss in detail the chitin-dependent and -independent roles of chitinases and CLPs in the context of allergic airway disease, and recent advances and emerging concepts in the field that might identify opportunities for new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jozefien Declercq
- Immunoregulation Unit, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hamida Hammad
- Immunoregulation Unit, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bart N Lambrecht
- Immunoregulation Unit, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Pulmonary Medicine, ErasmusMC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Ursula Smole
- Immunoregulation Unit, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
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16
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Okawa K, Tabata E, Kida Y, Uno K, Suzuki H, Kamaya M, Bauer PO, Oyama F. Irreversible evolutionary loss of chitin-degrading ability in the chitinase-like protein Ym1 under positive selection in rodents. Protein Sci 2023; 32:e4620. [PMID: 36883357 PMCID: PMC10031810 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Ym1 (chitinase-like 3, Chil3) expressed in mice is a nonenzymatic chitinase-like protein, which shows 67% identity with mouse acidic chitinase (Chia). Similar to Chia, Ym1 is overexpressed in asthma and parasitic infections in mouse lungs. Due to the lack of chitin-degrading activity, the biomedical role of Ym1 under these pathophysiological conditions remains to be determined. In this study, we investigated what region and amino acid changes in Ym1 resulted in the loss of enzymatic activity. Replacing two amino acids at the catalytic motif to obtain a Chia-like sequence (N136D and Q140E; MT-Ym1) did not activate the protein. We conducted a comparative study of Ym1 and Chia. We found that three protein segments-(i) the catalytic motif residues, (ii) exons 6 and 7, and (iii) exon 10-are responsible for chitinase activity loss in Ym1. We show that replacing each of these three segments in Chia that are also involved in substrate recognition and binding by the Ym1 sequence can fully abolish the enzymatic activity. In addition, we show that there have been extensive gene duplication events at the Ym1 locus specific to the rodent lineages. Consistent with this result, Ym1 orthologs from the rodent genome were under positive selection when analyzed through the CODEML program. These data suggest that numerous amino acid substitutions in the regions involved in the chitin recognition, binding, and degradation ability of the ancestor Ym1 molecule lead to the irreversible inactivation of the protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuaki Okawa
- Department of Chemistry and Life ScienceKogakuin UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Eri Tabata
- Department of Chemistry and Life ScienceKogakuin UniversityTokyoJapan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (PD)TokyoJapan
| | - Yuta Kida
- Department of Chemistry and Life ScienceKogakuin UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Kyohei Uno
- Department of Chemistry and Life ScienceKogakuin UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Hidetoshi Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry and Life ScienceKogakuin UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Minori Kamaya
- Department of Applied ChemistryKogakuin UniversityTokyoJapan
| | | | - Fumitaka Oyama
- Department of Chemistry and Life ScienceKogakuin UniversityTokyoJapan
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17
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Kummola L, Salomaa T, Ortutay Z, Savan R, Young HA, Junttila IS. IL-4, IL-13 and IFN-γ -induced genes in highly purified human neutrophils. Cytokine 2023; 164:156159. [PMID: 36809715 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 are related cytokines with well-known specific roles in type 2 immune response. However, their effects on neutrophils are not completely understood. For this, we studied human primary neutrophil responses to IL-4 and IL-13. Neutrophils are dose-dependently responsive to both IL-4 and IL-13 as indicated by signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6) phosphorylation upon stimulation, with IL-4 being more potent inducer of STAT6. IL-4-, IL-13- and Interferon (IFN)-γ-stimulated gene expression in highly purified human neutrophils induced both overlapping and unique gene expression in highly purified human neutrophils. IL-4 and IL-13 specifically regulate several immune-related genes, including IL-10, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), while type1 immune response-related IFN-γ induced gene expression related for example, to intracellular infections. In analysis of neutrophil metabolic responses, oxygen independent glycolysis was specifically regulated by IL-4, but not by IL-13 or IFN-γ, suggesting specific role for type I IL-4 receptor in this process. Our results provide a comprehensive analysis of IL-4, IL-13 and IFN-γ -induced gene expression in neutrophils while also addressing cytokine-mediated metabolic changes in neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Kummola
- Biodiversity Interventions for Well-being, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Tanja Salomaa
- Cytokine Biology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33014 Tampere, Finland; Fimlab Laboratories, 33520 Tampere, Finland
| | | | - Ram Savan
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, 98195 Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Howard A Young
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, 21702 Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Ilkka S Junttila
- Cytokine Biology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33014 Tampere, Finland; Fimlab Laboratories, 33520 Tampere, Finland; Northern Finland Laboratory Centre (NordLab), 90220 Oulu, Finland; Research Unit of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, 90570 Oulu, Finland.
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18
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Arteriosclerosis Derived from Cutaneous Inflammation Is Ameliorated by the Deletion of IL-17A and IL-17F. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065434. [PMID: 36982506 PMCID: PMC10049365 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The skin is one of the major immune organs producing large amounts of proinflammatory and inflammatory cytokines in response to internal or exogenous stimuli, inducing systemic inflammation in various internal organs. In recent years, organ damage associated with inflammatory skin diseases such as psoriasis and atopic dermatitis has received increasing attention, and vascular disorder such as arteriosclerosis is one of the serious complications of chronic inflammatory skin diseases. However, the detailed mechanism of arteriosclerosis in dermatitis and the role of cytokines have not been clarified so far. In the current study, using a spontaneous dermatitis model, we investigated the pathophysiology of arteriosclerosis and the treatment option for inflammatory skin conditions. We employed spontaneous dermatitis model mice overexpressing human caspase-1 in the epidermal keratinocyte (Kcasp1Tg). The thoracic and abdominal aorta was investigated histologically. GeneChip and RT-PCR analysis were performed to measure the changes in mRNA levels in the aorta. To elucidate the direct effect on the artery by major inflammatory cytokines, endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, and fibroblast cells were co-cultured with several cytokines, and mRNA expression levels were measured. In order to observe the efficacy of IL-17A/F in arteriosclerosis, cross-mating with IL-17A, IL-17F, and IL-17A/F deficient mice was performed. Finally, we also measured snap tension in the abdominal aorta in WT, Kcasp1Tg, and IL17A/F-deficient mice. Kcasp1Tg showed a decrease in the diameter of the abdominal aorta compared to wild-type mice. mRNA levels for six genes including Apol11b, Camp, Chil3, S100a8, S100a9, and Spta1 were increased in the abdominal aorta of Kcasp1Tg. Some of the above mRNA levels were also increased in the co-culture with major inflammatory cytokines, IL-17A/F, IL-1β, and TNF-α. Dermatitis improved and mRNA levels were partially ameliorated in Kcasp1Tg with IL-17A/F deletion. Arterial fragility was also evidenced in the inflammatory model, but arterial flexibility was revealed in the IL-17A/F deletion model. Severe dermatitis is closely related to secondary arteriosclerosis caused by the persistent release of inflammatory cytokines. The results also proved that treatment against IL-17A and F may ameliorate arteriosclerosis.
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19
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Papotto PH, Yilmaz B, Pimenta G, Mensurado S, Cunha C, Fiala GJ, Gomes da Costa D, Gonçalves-Sousa N, Chan BHK, Blankenhaus B, Domingues RG, Carvalho T, Hepworth MR, Macpherson AJ, Allen JE, Silva-Santos B. Maternal γδ T cells shape offspring pulmonary type 2 immunity in a microbiota-dependent manner. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112074. [PMID: 36787741 PMCID: PMC7615642 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune development is profoundly influenced by vertically transferred cues. However, little is known about how maternal innate-like lymphocytes regulate offspring immunity. Here, we show that mice born from γδ T cell-deficient (TCRδ-/-) dams display an increase in first-breath-induced inflammation, with a pulmonary milieu selectively enriched in type 2 cytokines and type 2-polarized immune cells, when compared with the progeny of γδ T cell-sufficient dams. Upon helminth infection, mice born from TCRδ-/- dams sustain an increased type 2 inflammatory response. This is independent of the genotype of the pups. Instead, the offspring of TCRδ-/- dams harbors a distinct intestinal microbiota, acquired during birth and fostering, and decreased levels of intestinal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), such as pentanoate and hexanoate. Importantly, exogenous SCFA supplementation inhibits type 2 innate lymphoid cell function and suppresses first-breath- and infection-induced inflammation. Taken together, our findings unravel a maternal γδ T cell-microbiota-SCFA axis regulating neonatal lung immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro H Papotto
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Lydia Becker Institute for Immunology & Infection, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Bahtiyar Yilmaz
- Maurice Müller Laboratories, Department for Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Gonçalo Pimenta
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sofia Mensurado
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Carolina Cunha
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Gina J Fiala
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Daniel Gomes da Costa
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Natacha Gonçalves-Sousa
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Brian H K Chan
- Lydia Becker Institute for Immunology & Infection, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Birte Blankenhaus
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rita G Domingues
- Lydia Becker Institute for Immunology & Infection, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Tânia Carvalho
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Matthew R Hepworth
- Lydia Becker Institute for Immunology & Infection, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Andrew J Macpherson
- Maurice Müller Laboratories, Department for Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Judith E Allen
- Lydia Becker Institute for Immunology & Infection, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Bruno Silva-Santos
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
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20
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Sustar AE, Strand LG, Zimmerman SG, Berg CA. Imaginal disk growth factors are Drosophila chitinase-like proteins with roles in morphogenesis and CO2 response. Genetics 2023; 223:iyac185. [PMID: 36576887 PMCID: PMC9910413 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyac185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitinase-like proteins (CLPs) are members of the family 18 glycosyl hydrolases, which include chitinases and the enzymatically inactive CLPs. A mutation in the enzyme's catalytic site, conserved in vertebrates and invertebrates, allowed CLPs to evolve independently with functions that do not require chitinase activity. CLPs normally function during inflammatory responses, wound healing, and host defense, but when they persist at excessive levels at sites of chronic inflammation and in tissue-remodeling disorders, they correlate positively with disease progression and poor prognosis. Little is known, however, about their physiological function. Drosophila melanogaster has 6 CLPs, termed Imaginal disk growth factors (Idgfs), encoded by Idgf1, Idgf2, Idgf3, Idgf4, Idgf5, and Idgf6. In this study, we developed tools to facilitate characterization of the physiological roles of the Idgfs by deleting each of the Idgf genes using the CRISPR/Cas9 system and assessing loss-of-function phenotypes. Using null lines, we showed that loss of function for all 6 Idgf proteins significantly lowers viability and fertility. We also showed that Idgfs play roles in epithelial morphogenesis, maintaining proper epithelial architecture and cell shape, regulating E-cadherin and cortical actin, and remarkably, protecting these tissues against CO2 exposure. Defining the normal molecular mechanisms of CLPs is a key to understanding how deviations tip the balance from a physiological to a pathological state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne E Sustar
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Foege Bldg. S-250, 3720 15th Ave NE, Seattle, WA 98195-5065, USA
| | - Liesl G Strand
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Foege Bldg. S-250, 3720 15th Ave NE, Seattle, WA 98195-5065, USA
| | - Sandra G Zimmerman
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Foege Bldg. S-250, 3720 15th Ave NE, Seattle, WA 98195-5065, USA
| | - Celeste A Berg
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Foege Bldg. S-250, 3720 15th Ave NE, Seattle, WA 98195-5065, USA
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21
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Abstract
IL-17 cytokine family members have diverse biological functions, promoting protective immunity against many pathogens but also driving inflammatory pathology during infection and autoimmunity. IL-17A and IL-17F are produced by CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, γδ T cells, and various innate immune cell populations in response to IL-1β and IL-23, and they mediate protective immunity against fungi and bacteria by promoting neutrophil recruitment, antimicrobial peptide production and enhanced barrier function. IL-17-driven inflammation is normally controlled by regulatory T cells and the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10, TGFβ and IL-35. However, if dysregulated, IL-17 responses can promote immunopathology in the context of infection or autoimmunity. Moreover, IL-17 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of many other disorders with an inflammatory basis, including cardiovascular and neurological diseases. Consequently, the IL-17 pathway is now a key drug target in many autoimmune and chronic inflammatory disorders; therapeutic monoclonal antibodies targeting IL-17A, both IL-17A and IL-17F, the IL-17 receptor, or IL-23 are highly effective in some of these diseases. However, new approaches are needed to specifically regulate IL-17-mediated immunopathology in chronic inflammation and autoimmunity without compromising protective immunity to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kingston H G Mills
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Science Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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22
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Jansakun C, Chunglok W, Altamura S, Muckenthaler M, Staffer S, Tuma-Kellner S, Merle U, Chamulitrat W. Myeloid- and hepatocyte-specific deletion of group VIA calcium-independent phospholipase A2 leads to dichotomous opposing phenotypes during MCD diet-induced NASH. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166590. [PMID: 36334837 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Polymorphisms of phospholipase A2VIA (iPLA2β or PLA2G6) are associated with body weights and blood C-reactive protein. The role of iPLA2β/PLA2G6 in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is still elusive because female iPla2β-null mice showed attenuated hepatic steatosis but exacerbated hepatic fibrosis after feeding with methionine- and choline-deficient diet (MCDD). Herein, female mice with myeloid- (MPla2g6-/-) and hepatocyte- (LPla2g6-/-) specific PLA2G6 deletion were generated and phenotyped after MCDD feeding. Without any effects on hepatic steatosis, MCDD-fed MPla2g6-/- mice showed further exaggeration of liver inflammation and fibrosis as well as elevation of plasma TNFα, CCL2, and circulating monocytes. Bone-marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) from MPla2g6-/- mice displayed upregulation of PPARγ and CEBPα proteins, and elevated release of IL6 and CXCL1 under LPS stimulation. LPS-stimulated BMDMs from MCDD-fed MPla2g6-/- mice showed suppressed expression of M1 Tnfa and Il6, but marked upregulation of M2 Arg1, Chil3, IL10, and IL13 as well as chemokine receptors Ccr2 and Ccr5. This in vitro shift was associated with exaggeration of hepatic M1/M2 cytokines, chemokines/chemokine receptors, and fibrosis genes. Contrarily, MCDD-fed LPla2g6-/- mice showed a complete protection which was associated with upregulation of Ppara/PPARα and attenuated expression of Pparg/PPARγ, fatty-acid uptake, triglyceride synthesis, and de novo lipogenesis genes. Interestingly, LPla2g6-/- mice fed with chow or MCDD displayed an attenuation of blood monocytes and elevation of anti-inflammatory lipoxin A4 in plasma and liver. Thus, PLA2G6 inactivation specifically in myeloid cells and hepatocytes led to opposing phenotypes in female mice undergoing NASH. Hepatocyte-specific PLA2G6 inhibitors may be further developed for treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chutima Jansakun
- Internal Medicine IV, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80161, Thailand
| | - Warangkana Chunglok
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80161, Thailand
| | - Sandro Altamura
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 350, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martina Muckenthaler
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 350, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Simone Staffer
- Internal Medicine IV, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sabine Tuma-Kellner
- Internal Medicine IV, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Uta Merle
- Internal Medicine IV, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Walee Chamulitrat
- Internal Medicine IV, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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23
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NIO-KOBAYASHI J, OWHASHI M, IWANAGA T. Pathological examination of Ym1, a chitinase family protein, in <i>Mesocestoides corti</i>-infected mice. Biomed Res 2022; 43:161-171. [DOI: 10.2220/biomedres.43.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junko NIO-KOBAYASHI
- Laboratory of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University
| | - Makoto OWHASHI
- Faculty of Integrated Arts and Science, Tokushima University
| | - Toshihiko IWANAGA
- Laboratory of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University
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24
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Peng J, Federman HG, Hernandez C, Siracusa MC. Communication is key: Innate immune cells regulate host protection to helminths. Front Immunol 2022; 13:995432. [PMID: 36225918 PMCID: PMC9548658 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.995432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Parasitic helminth infections remain a significant global health issue and are responsible for devastating morbidity and economic hardships. During infection, helminths migrate through different host organs, which results in substantial tissue damage and the release of diverse effector molecules by both hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells. Thus, host protective responses to helminths must initiate mechanisms that help to promote worm clearance while simultaneously mitigating tissue injury. The specialized immunity that promotes these responses is termed type 2 inflammation and is initiated by the recruitment and activation of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells, mast cells, basophils, eosinophils, dendritic cells, neutrophils, macrophages, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and group 2 innate lymphoid cells. Recent work has also revealed the importance of neuron-derived signals in regulating type 2 inflammation and antihelminth immunity. These studies suggest that multiple body systems coordinate to promote optimal outcomes post-infection. In this review, we will describe the innate immune events that direct the scope and intensity of antihelminth immunity. Further, we will highlight the recent progress made in our understanding of the neuro-immune interactions that regulate these pathways and discuss the conceptual advances they promote.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianya Peng
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
- Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Hannah G. Federman
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
- Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Christina M. Hernandez
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
- Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Mark C. Siracusa
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
- Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
- *Correspondence: Mark C. Siracusa,
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25
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Kang Q, Li L, Pang Y, Zhu W, Meng L. An update on Ym1 and its immunoregulatory role in diseases. Front Immunol 2022; 13:891220. [PMID: 35967383 PMCID: PMC9366555 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.891220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ym1 is a rodent-specific chitinase-like protein (CLP) lacking catalytic activity, whose cellular origins are mainly macrophages, neutrophils and other cells. Although the detailed function of Ym1 remains poorly understood, Ym1 has been generally recognized as a fundamental feature of alternative activation of macrophages in mice and hence one of the prevalent detecting targets in macrophage phenotype distinguishment. Studies have pointed out that Ym1 may have regulatory effects, which are multifaceted and even contradictory, far more than just a mere marker. Allergic lung inflammation, parasite infection, autoimmune diseases, and central nervous system diseases have been found associations with Ym1 to varying degrees. Thus, insights into Ym1’s role in diseases would help us understand the pathogenesis of different diseases and clarify the genuine roles of CLPs in mammals. This review summarizes the information on Ym1 from the gene to its expression and regulation and focuses on the association between Ym1 and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Kang
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi’an, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Luyao Li
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi’an, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Yucheng Pang
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi’an, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Wenhua Zhu
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Wenhua Zhu, ; Liesu Meng,
| | - Liesu Meng
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi’an, China
- National Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnostics and Biotherapy, Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Wenhua Zhu, ; Liesu Meng,
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26
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Leal-Silva T, Lopes CDA, Vieira-Santos F, Oliveira FMS, Kraemer L, Padrão LDLS, Amorim CCO, Souza JLN, Russo RC, Fujiwara RT, Magalhães LMD, Bueno LL. IL-17RA receptor signaling contributes to lung inflammation and parasite burden during Toxocara canis infection in mice. Front Immunol 2022; 13:864632. [PMID: 35844540 PMCID: PMC9277699 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.864632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-17 is a cytokine produced by innate and acquired immunity cells that have an action against fungi and bacteria. However, its action in helminth infections is unclear, including in Toxocara canis infection. Toxocariasis is a neglected zoonosis representing a significant public health problem with an estimated seroprevalence of 19% worldwide. In the present study, we describe the immunopathological action of IL-17RA in acute T. canis infection. C57BL/6j (WT) and IL-17RA receptor knockout (IL-17RA-/-) mice were infected with 1000 T. canis eggs. Mice were evaluated 3 days post-infection for parasite load and white blood cell count. Lung tissue was harvested for histopathology and cytokine expression. In addition, we performed multiparametric flow cytometry in the BAL and peripheral blood, evaluating phenotypic and functional changes in myeloid and lymphoid populations. We showed that IL-17RA is essential to control larvae load in the lung; however, IL-17RA contributed to pulmonary inflammation, inducing inflammatory nodular aggregates formation and presented higher pulmonary IL-6 levels. The absence of IL-17RA was associated with a higher frequency of neutrophils as a source of IL-4 in BAL, while in the presence of IL-17RA, mice display a higher frequency of alveolar macrophages expressing the same cytokine. Taken together, this study indicates that neutrophils may be an important source of IL-4 in the lungs during T. canis infection. Furthermore, IL-17/IL-17RA axis is important to control parasite load, however, its presence triggers lung inflammation that can lead to tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaís Leal-Silva
- Laboratory of Immunology and Genomics of Parasites, Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Faculdade de Medicina, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Camila de Almeida Lopes
- Laboratory of Immunology and Genomics of Parasites, Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Flaviane Vieira-Santos
- Laboratory of Immunology and Genomics of Parasites, Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Fabrício Marcus Silva Oliveira
- Laboratory of Immunology and Genomics of Parasites, Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Lucas Kraemer
- Laboratory of Immunology and Genomics of Parasites, Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Luiza de Lima Silva Padrão
- Laboratory of Immunology and Genomics of Parasites, Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Faculdade de Medicina, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Chiara Cássia Oliveira Amorim
- Laboratory of Immunology and Genomics of Parasites, Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Jorge Lucas Nascimento Souza
- Laboratory of Immunology and Genomics of Parasites, Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Remo Castro Russo
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunology and Mechanics, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Toshio Fujiwara
- Laboratory of Immunology and Genomics of Parasites, Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Faculdade de Medicina, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Luisa Mourão Dias Magalhães
- Laboratory of Immunology and Genomics of Parasites, Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Lilian Lacerda Bueno
- Laboratory of Immunology and Genomics of Parasites, Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Faculdade de Medicina, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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27
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Loke P, Lee SC, Oyesola OO. Effects of helminths on the human immune response and the microbiome. Mucosal Immunol 2022; 15:1224-1233. [PMID: 35732819 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-022-00532-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Helminths have evolved sophisticated immune regulating mechanisms to prevent rejection by their mammalian host. Our understanding of how the human immune system responds to these parasites remains poor compared to mouse models of infection and this limits our ability to develop vaccines as well as harness their unique properties as therapeutic strategies against inflammatory disorders. Here, we review how recent studies on human challenge infections, self-infected individuals, travelers, and endemic populations have improved our understanding of human type 2 immunity and its effects on the microbiome. The heterogeneity of responses between individuals and the limited access to tissue samples beyond the peripheral blood are challenges that limit human studies on helminths, but also provide opportunities to transform our understanding of human immunology. Organoids and single-cell sequencing are exciting new tools for immunological analysis that may aid this pursuit. Learning about the genetic and immunological basis of resistance, tolerance, and pathogenesis to helminth infections may thus uncover mechanisms that can be utilized for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- P'ng Loke
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Soo Ching Lee
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Oyebola O Oyesola
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
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28
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Egholm C, Özcan A, Breu D, Boyman O. Type 2 immune predisposition results in accelerated neutrophil aging causing susceptibility to bacterial infection. Sci Immunol 2022; 7:eabi9733. [PMID: 35594340 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abi9733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Atopic individuals show enhanced type 2 immune cell responses and a susceptibility to infections with certain bacteria and viruses. Although patients with allergic diseases harbor normal counts of circulating neutrophils, these cells exert deficient effector functions. However, the underlying mechanism of this dysregulation of neutrophils remains ill defined. Here, we find that development, aging, and elimination of neutrophils are accelerated in mice with a predisposition to type 2 immunity, which, in turn, causes susceptibility to infection with several bacteria. Neutrophil-mediated immunity to bacterial infection was greatly decreased in mice with a genetic or induced bias to type 2 immunity. Abrogation of interleukin-4 (IL-4) receptor signaling in these animals fully restored their antibacterial defense, which largely depended on Ly6G+ neutrophils. IL-4 signals accelerated the maturation of neutrophils in the bone marrow and caused their rapid release to the circulation and periphery. IL-4-stimulated neutrophils aged more rapidly in the periphery, as evidenced by their phenotypic and functional changes, including their decreased phagocytosis of bacterial particles. Moreover, neutrophils from type 2 immune predisposed mice were eliminated at a higher rate by apoptosis and phagocytosis by macrophages and dendritic cells. Collectively, IL-4 signaling-mediated neutrophil aging constitutes an important adaptive deficiency in type 2 inflammation, contributing to recurrent bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilie Egholm
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alaz Özcan
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Breu
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Onur Boyman
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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29
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Tse KM, Vandenbon A, Cui X, Mino T, Uehata T, Yasuda K, Sato A, Tsujimura T, Hia F, Yoshinaga M, Kinoshita M, Okuno T, Takeuchi O. Enhancement of Regnase-1 expression with stem loop-targeting antisense oligonucleotides alleviates inflammatory diseases. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabo2137. [PMID: 35544597 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abo2137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Regnase-1 is an ribonuclease that plays essential roles in restricting inflammation through degrading messenger RNAs (mRNAs) involved in immune reactions via the recognition of stem-loop (SL) structures in the 3' untranslated regions (3'UTRs). Dysregulated expression of Regnase-1 is associated with the pathogenesis of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases in mice and humans. Here, we developed a therapeutic strategy to suppress inflammatory responses by blocking Regnase-1 self-regulation, which was mediated by the simultaneous use of two antisense phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligonucleotides (MOs) to alter the binding of Regnase-1 toward the SL structures in its 3'UTR. Regnase-1-targeting MOs not only enhanced Regnase-1 expression by stabilizing mRNAs but also effectively reduced the expression of multiple proinflammatory transcripts that were controlled by Regnase-1 in macrophages. Intratracheal administration of Regnase-1-targeting MOs ameliorated acute respiratory distress syndrome and chronic fibrosis through suppression of inflammatory cascades. In addition, intracranial treatment with Regnase-1-targeting MOs attenuated the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by promoting the expansion of homeostatic microglia and regulatory T cell populations. Regnase-1 expression was inversely correlated with disease severity in patients with multiple sclerosis, and MOs targeting human Regnase-1 SL structures were effective in mitigating cytokine production in human immune cells. Collectively, MO-mediated disruption of the Regnase-1 self-regulation pathway is a potential therapeutic strategy to enhance Regnase-1 abundance, which, in turn, provides therapeutic benefits for treating inflammatory diseases by suppressing inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka Man Tse
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Alexis Vandenbon
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Xiaotong Cui
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Takashi Mino
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Takuya Uehata
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Keiko Yasuda
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Ayuko Sato
- Department of Pathology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan
| | - Tohru Tsujimura
- Department of Pathology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan
| | - Fabian Hia
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Masanori Yoshinaga
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Makoto Kinoshita
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tatsusada Okuno
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Osamu Takeuchi
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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Sharma A, Noon JB, Kontodimas K, Garo LP, Platten J, Quinton LJ, Urban JF, Reinhardt C, Bosmann M. IL-27 Enhances γδ T Cell–Mediated Innate Resistance to Primary Hookworm Infection in the Lungs. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 208:2008-2018. [PMID: 35354611 PMCID: PMC9012701 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
IL-27 is a heterodimeric IL-12 family cytokine formed by noncovalent association of the promiscuous EBI3 subunit and selective p28 subunit. IL-27 is produced by mononuclear phagocytes and unfolds pleiotropic immune-modulatory functions through ligation to IL-27 receptor α (IL-27RA). Although IL-27 is known to contribute to immunity and to limit inflammation after various infections, its relevance for host defense against multicellular parasites is still poorly defined. Here, we investigated the role of IL-27 during infection with the soil-transmitted hookworm, Nippostrongylus brasiliensis, in its early host intrapulmonary life cycle. IL-27(p28) was detectable in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of C57BL/6J wild-type mice on day 1 after s.c. inoculation. IL-27RA expression was most abundant on lung-invading γδ T cells. Il27ra-/- mice showed increased lung parasite burden together with aggravated pulmonary hemorrhage and higher alveolar total protein leakage as a surrogate for epithelial-vascular barrier disruption. Conversely, injections of recombinant mouse (rm)IL-27 into wild-type mice reduced lung injury and parasite burden. In multiplex screens, higher airway accumulations of IL-6, TNF-α, and MCP-3 (CCL7) were observed in Il27ra-/- mice, whereas rmIL-27 treatment showed a reciprocal effect. Importantly, γδ T cell numbers in airways were enhanced by endogenous or administered IL-27. Further analysis revealed a direct antihelminthic function of IL-27 on γδ T cells as adoptive intratracheal transfer of rmIL-27-treated γδ T cells during primary N. brasiliensis lung infection conferred protection in mice. In summary, this report demonstrates protective functions of IL-27 to control the early lung larval stage of hookworm infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Sharma
- Pulmonary Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jason B Noon
- Pulmonary Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Konstantinos Kontodimas
- Pulmonary Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lucien P Garo
- Pulmonary Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Johannes Platten
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Lee J Quinton
- Pulmonary Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Infectious Disease and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Joseph F Urban
- Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory and Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Diet, Genomics, and Immunology Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD; and
| | - Christoph Reinhardt
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Markus Bosmann
- Pulmonary Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts;
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Research Center for Immunotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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31
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Ajendra J, Allen JE. Neutrophils: Friend or Foe in Filariasis? Parasite Immunol 2022; 44:e12918. [DOI: 10.1111/pim.12918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jesuthas Ajendra
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology University Hospital of Bonn Bonn Germany
| | - Judith E. Allen
- Lydia Becker Institute for Immunology & Infection, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Wellcome Centre for Cell‐Matrix Research, Manchester Academic Health Science Center University of Manchester Manchester UK
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32
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Impellizzieri D, Egholm C, Valaperti A, Distler O, Boyman O. Patients with systemic sclerosis show phenotypic and functional defects in neutrophils. Allergy 2022; 77:1274-1284. [PMID: 34467524 PMCID: PMC9293168 DOI: 10.1111/all.15073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a multiorgan autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation, vascular modification, and progressive fibrosis of the skin and several visceral organs. Innate and adaptive immune cells, including myeloid, B and T cells, are believed to be central to the pathogenesis of SSc. However, the role and functional state of neutrophil granulocytes (neutrophils) are ill-defined in SSc. METHODS We performed a prospective study of neutrophils freshly isolated from SSc patients and healthy donors (HD) by measuring in these neutrophils (i) functional cell surface markers, including CD16, CD62L, CD66b, CD66c, CXCR1, CXCR2, and CXCR4; (ii) cytokine-activated intracellular signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathways, such as phosphorylated STAT3 (pSTAT3), pSTAT5, and pSTAT6; (iii) production of neutrophil extracellular traps (NET) and intracellular myeloperoxidase (MPO); and (iv) phagocytosis of bacteria by the neutrophils. RESULTS Neutrophils of SSc patients expressed lower CD16 and CD62L and higher pSTAT3 and pSTAT6 compared to HD. Moreover, neutrophils of SSc patients lacked CXCR1 and CXCR2, the receptors responding to the potent neutrophil chemoattractant CXCL8. Neutrophils of SSc patients were also deficient in MPO levels, NET formation, and phagocytosis of bacteria. CONCLUSIONS Neutrophils of patients with SSc display several functional defects affecting cell migration, NET formation, and phagocytosis of bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cecilie Egholm
- Department of Immunology University Hospital Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Alan Valaperti
- Department of Immunology University Hospital Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Oliver Distler
- Department of Rheumatology University Hospital Zurich Zurich Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Onur Boyman
- Department of Immunology University Hospital Zurich Zurich Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
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33
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Zhou Z, Lin T, Liu Z, Ding Q, Ma Z, Li W, Xie F, Lan Y, Feng Y. IL-17A Mediates Demyelination by Activating A1 Astrocytes via SOCS3 During Angiostrongylus cantonensis Infection. Front Immunol 2022; 13:845011. [PMID: 35296090 PMCID: PMC8918566 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.845011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Demyelinating disease of the central nervous system is one of the most common neurological diseases and effective treatment is still under in-depth research. Our previous study showed that Angiostrongylus cantonensis infection can induce demyelination injury in mouse brains and IL-17A expression was shown to be significantly increased during this process. Moreover, we found that IL-17A inhibition attenuated the demyelination caused by A. cantonensis infection. However, the underlying mechanisms have not yet been fully elucidated. Methods IL-17A neutralizing antibodies were injected into A. cantonensis infected mice to decrease IL-17A levels. The activation of glial cells in the brain and the expression of cell markers were detected by a variety of methods, including real-time quantitative PCR, western blotting, and immunofluorescence staining. The relationship between IL-17A and astrocyte activation was further identified by in vitro experiments. The role of SOCS3 in the IL-17A stimulating process was determined using RNA-seq data collection of infected mice and the siRNA interference method. Results Demyelination of the corpus callosum was relieved after administration of IL-17A neutralizing antibody and this was accompanied by decreased activation of A1 type astrocytes around this region. The expression of SOCS3 was attenuated and activation of astrocytes by IL-17A was mediated by the IL-17RA/STAT3/SOCS3 pathway. IL-17A not only directly damaged oligodendrocytes but also indirectly damaged oligodendrocytes through A1 astrocyte mediation. Specific siRNA inhibition of IL-17A-inducible SOCS3 in astrocytes alleviated their damaging effects on oligodendrocytes. Conclusion IL-17A plays an important role in demyelination induced by A. cantonensis infection via the IL-17RA/STAT3/SOCS3 pathway in A1-type astrocytes, indicating that specific blockage of IL-17A and SOCS3 activity could be a therapeutic strategy for neuroinflammatory demyelinating diseases associated with astrocyte activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongpu Zhou
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tuo Lin
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Ding
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhixuan Ma
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wanqi Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fukang Xie
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Lan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yue Lan, ; Ying Feng,
| | - Ying Feng
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yue Lan, ; Ying Feng,
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34
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Doolan R, Bouchery T. Hookworm infections: Reappraising the evidence for a role of Neutrophils in light of NETosis. Parasite Immunol 2022; 44:e12911. [PMID: 35124825 PMCID: PMC9285577 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In Hookworm infection, neutrophils have long had the image of the villain, being recruited to the site of larval migration because of damage but participating themselves in tissue injury. With recent developments in neutrophil biology, there is an increasing body of evidence for the role of neutrophils as effector cells in hookworm immunity. In particular, their ability to release extracellular traps, or neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), confer neutrophils a larvicidal activity. Here, we review recent evidence in this nascent field and discuss the avenue for future research on NETs/hookworm interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rory Doolan
- Hookworm Immunobiology Laboratory Department of Medical Parasitology & Infection Biology Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute Socinstrasse 57 4051 CH Basel Switzerland
| | - Tiffany Bouchery
- Hookworm Immunobiology Laboratory Department of Medical Parasitology & Infection Biology Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute Socinstrasse 57 4051 CH Basel Switzerland
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35
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Chen F, El-Naccache DW, Ponessa JJ, Lemenze A, Espinosa V, Wu W, Lothstein K, Jin L, Antao O, Weinstein JS, Damani-Yokota P, Khanna K, Murray PJ, Rivera A, Siracusa MC, Gause WC. Helminth resistance is mediated by differential activation of recruited monocyte-derived alveolar macrophages and arginine depletion. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110215. [PMID: 35021079 PMCID: PMC9403845 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are known to mediate anti-helminth responses, but it remains uncertain which subsets are involved or how macrophages actually kill helminths. Here, we show rapid monocyte recruitment to the lung after infection with the nematode parasite Nippostrongylus brasiliensis. In this inflamed tissue microenvironment, these monocytes differentiate into an alveolar macrophage (AM)-like phenotype, expressing both SiglecF and CD11c, surround invading parasitic larvae, and preferentially kill parasites in vitro. Monocyte-derived AMs (Mo-AMs) express type 2-associated markers and show a distinct remodeling of the chromatin landscape relative to tissue-derived AMs (TD-AMs). In particular, they express high amounts of arginase-1 (Arg1), which we demonstrate mediates helminth killing through L-arginine depletion. These studies indicate that recruited monocytes are selectively programmed in the pulmonary environment to express AM markers and an anti-helminth phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Chen
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA; Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Darine W El-Naccache
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA; Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - John J Ponessa
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA; Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Alexander Lemenze
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA; Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Vanessa Espinosa
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA; Department of Pediatrics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Wenhui Wu
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA; Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Katherine Lothstein
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA; Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Linhua Jin
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA; Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Olivia Antao
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA; Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Jason S Weinstein
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA; Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Payal Damani-Yokota
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Kamal Khanna
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA; Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Peter J Murray
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried 82152, Germany
| | - Amariliz Rivera
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA; Department of Pediatrics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Mark C Siracusa
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA; Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA.
| | - William C Gause
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA; Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA.
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36
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Spalinger MR, Crawford M, Bobardt SD, Li J, Sayoc-Becerra A, Santos AN, Shawki A, Chatterjee P, Nair MG, McCole DF. Loss of protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 2 reduces IL-4-driven alternative macrophage activation. Mucosal Immunol 2022; 15:74-83. [PMID: 34420044 PMCID: PMC8732276 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-021-00441-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages are a heterogeneous population of innate immune cells that are often divided into two major subsets: classically activated, typically pro-inflammatory (M1) macrophages that mediate host defense, and alternatively activated, tolerance-inducing (M2) macrophages that exert homeostatic and tissue-regenerative functions. Disturbed macrophage function/differentiation results either in inadequate, excessive immune activation or in a failure to induce efficient protective immune responses against pathogens. Loss-of-function variants in protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 2 (PTPN2) are associated with chronic inflammatory disorders, but the effect of macrophage-intrinsic PTPN2 loss is still poorly understood. Here we report that PTPN2-deficient macrophages fail to acquire an alternatively activated/M2 phenotype. This was the consequence of reduced IL-6 receptor expression and a failure to induce IL-4 receptor in response to IL-6, resulting in an inability to respond to the key M2-inducing cytokine IL-4. Ultimately, failure to adequately respond to IL-6 and IL-4 resulted in increased levels of M1 macrophage marker expression in vitro and exacerbated lung inflammation upon infection with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis in vivo. These results demonstrate that PTPN2 loss interferes with the ability of macrophages to adequately respond to inflammatory stimuli and might explain the increased susceptibility of PTPN2 loss-of-function carriers to developing inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne R Spalinger
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA.
| | - Meli'sa Crawford
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Sarah D Bobardt
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Jiang Li
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Anica Sayoc-Becerra
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Alina N Santos
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Ali Shawki
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Pritha Chatterjee
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Meera G Nair
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Declan F McCole
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
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37
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Sakleshpur S, Steed AL. Influenza: Toward understanding the immune response in the young. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:953150. [PMID: 36061377 PMCID: PMC9437304 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.953150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Annually influenza causes a global epidemic resulting in 290,000 to 650,000 deaths and extracts a massive toll on healthcare and the economy. Infants and children are more susceptible to infection and have more severe symptoms than adults likely mitigated by differences in their innate and adaptive immune responses. While it is unclear the exact mechanisms with which the young combat influenza, it is increasingly understood that their immune responses differ from adults. Specifically, underproduction of IFN-γ and IL-12 by the innate immune system likely hampers viral clearance while upregulation of IL-6 may create excessive damaging inflammation. The infant's adaptive immune system preferentially utilizes the Th-2 response that has been tied to γδ T cells and their production of IL-17, which may be less advantageous than the adult Th-1 response for antiviral immunity. This differential immune response of the young is considered to serve as a unique evolutionary adaptation such that they preferentially respond to infection broadly rather than a pathogen-specific one generated by adults. This unique function of the young immune system is temporally, and possibly mechanistically, tied to the microbiota, as they both develop in coordination early in life. Additional research into the relationship between the developing microbiota and the immune system is needed to develop therapies effective at combating influenza in the youngest and most vulnerable of our population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Sakleshpur
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Ashley L Steed
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
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38
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Ajendra J. Lessons in type 2 immunity: Neutrophils in Helminth infections. Semin Immunol 2021; 53:101531. [PMID: 34836773 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2021.101531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils constitute the body's first line of defense against invading pathogens. Equipped with a large array of tools, these immune cells are highly efficient in eliminating bacterial and viral infections, yet their activity can at the same time be detrimental to the host itself - this is the broad consensus on these granulocytes. However, the last decade has proven that neutrophils are a much more sophisticated cell type with unexpected and underappreciated functions in health and disease. In this review, we look at the latest discoveries in neutrophil biology with a focus on their role during the hallmark setting of type 2 immunity - helminth infection. We discuss the involvement of neutrophils in various helminth infection models and summarize the latest findings regarding neutrophil regulation and effector function. We will show that neutrophils have much more to offer than previously thought and while studies of neutrophils in helminth infections are still in its infancy, recent discoveries highlight more than ever that these cells are a key cog of the immune system, even during type 2 responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesuthas Ajendra
- Lydia Becker Institute for Immunology & Infection, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.
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39
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Lechner A, Bohnacker S, Esser-von Bieren J. Macrophage regulation & function in helminth infection. Semin Immunol 2021; 53:101526. [PMID: 34802871 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2021.101526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are innate immune cells with essential roles in host defense, inflammation, immune regulation and repair. During infection with multicellular helminth parasites, macrophages contribute to pathogen trapping and killing as well as to tissue repair and the resolution of type 2 inflammation. Macrophages produce a broad repertoire of effector molecules, including enzymes, cytokines, chemokines and growth factors that govern anti-helminth immunity and repair of parasite-induced tissue damage. Helminth infection and the associated type 2 immune response induces an alternatively activated macrophage (AAM) phenotype that - beyond driving host defense - prevents aberrant Th2 cell activation and type 2 immunopathology. The immune regulatory potential of macrophages is exploited by helminth parasites that induce the production of anti-inflammatory mediators such as interleukin 10 or prostaglandin E2 to evade host immunity. Here, we summarize current insights into the mechanisms of macrophage-mediated host defense and repair during helminth infection and highlight recent progress on the immune regulatory crosstalk between macrophages and helminth parasites. We also point out important remaining questions such as the translation of findings from murine models to human settings of helminth infection as well as long-term consequences of helminth-induced macrophage reprogramming for subsequent host immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonie Lechner
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM), Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich, 80802, Munich, Germany
| | - Sina Bohnacker
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM), Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich, 80802, Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Esser-von Bieren
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM), Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich, 80802, Munich, Germany.
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40
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Gillis-Germitsch N, Kockmann T, Kapel CMO, Thamsborg SM, Webster P, Tritten L, Schnyder M. Fox Serum Proteomics Analysis Suggests Host-Specific Responses to Angiostrongylus vasorum Infection in Canids. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10111513. [PMID: 34832667 PMCID: PMC8623225 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10111513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dogs infected with the cardiopulmonary nematode Angiostrongylus vasorum may suffer from respiratory distress and/or bleeding disorders. Descriptions of clinical signs in foxes are rare, despite high prevalence. To evaluate the impact of infection on coagulation and immune response, serum proteins from eight experimentally infected foxes before and after inoculation (day 0, 35, 84, 154) were subjected to differential proteomic analyses based on quantitative data and compared to available data from dogs. The number of proteins with differential abundance compared to the uninfected baseline increased with chronicity of infection. Bone marrow proteoglycan, chitinase 3-like protein 1 and pulmonary surfactant-associated protein B were among the most prominently increased proteins. The abundance of several proteins involved in coagulation was decreased. Enriched pathways obtained from both increased and decreased proteins included, among others, "platelet degranulation" and "haemostasis", and indicated both activation and suppression of coagulation. Qualitative comparison to dog data suggests some parallel serum proteomic alterations. The comparison, however, also indicates that foxes have a more adequate immunopathological response to A. vasorum infection compared to dogs, facilitating persistent infections in foxes. Our findings imply that foxes may be more tolerant to A. vasorum infection, as compared to dogs, reflecting a longer evolutionary host-parasite adaptation in foxes, which constitute a key wildlife reservoir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Gillis-Germitsch
- Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 266a, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland;
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Mittelstrasse 43, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Kockmann
- Functional Genomics Center Zurich, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETH Zurich), University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Christian M. O. Kapel
- Section for Organismal Biology, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark;
| | - Stig M. Thamsborg
- Veterinary Parasitology Research Group, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Dyrlægevej 100, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; (S.M.T.); (P.W.)
| | - Pia Webster
- Veterinary Parasitology Research Group, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Dyrlægevej 100, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; (S.M.T.); (P.W.)
- Prediagnostics and Service, Infectious Disease Preparedness, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, 2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | - Lucienne Tritten
- Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 266a, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland;
- Correspondence: (L.T.); (M.S.); Tel.: +41-44-635-85-01 (L.T. & M.S.); Fax: +41-44-635-89-07 (L.T. & M.S.)
| | - Manuela Schnyder
- Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 266a, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland;
- Correspondence: (L.T.); (M.S.); Tel.: +41-44-635-85-01 (L.T. & M.S.); Fax: +41-44-635-89-07 (L.T. & M.S.)
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41
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Park BJ, Yoon YB, Lee DH, Shin C, Juakali L, Cho SJ, Park SC. Transcriptional upregulation of multiple earthworm chitinase genes following bacterial challenge suggests their implications in innate immunity. Genes Genomics 2021; 43:1497-1502. [PMID: 34762288 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-021-01183-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chitinase is a multi-functional enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of β-1,4-linkages between N-acetylglucosamines (GlcNAc) in chitin. Recent studies imply that earthworm chitinase is implicated in self-defense immunity against chitin-containing pathogens. However, a direct relationship of earthworm chitinase with innate immunity has not yet been established. OBJECTIVE In this study, earthworm (Eisenia andrei) chitinase expression was examined following bacterial challenge by Bacillus subtilis. METHODS RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) were used to quantitatively evaluate mRNA expression changes in response to bacterial stimulation. RESULTS Multiple chitinase-related mRNAs were found to be upregulated, among which EaChi3, EaChi4, and EaChi2 were upregulated by approximately eightfold, eightfold, and 2.5-fold, respectively. This strongly suggested that earthworm chitinases may act as inducible humoral effectors in earthworm innate immunity. The primary structures of all three chitinases contained an N-terminal glycol_18 domain with two chitin-binding and chitin-catalyzing domains, and a C-terminal proline, glycine, serine, threonine (PGST)-rich domain. In addition, EaChi2 had a chitin-binding peritrophin-A domain at the end of the C-terminus with 5 cysteine residues possibly contributing two intradomain disulfide bonds. Multiple sequence alignment of the catalytic domain centers of glycol_18 domain displayed highly conserved chitin-binding and chitin-catalyzing domains in which three essential amino acid residues (D, D, E) for catalyzing activity are well conserved except EaChi4. The critical glutamic acid (E) residue was substituted for glutamine (Q) in EaChi4 indicating that it is devoid of catalytic activity. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the first report providing direct evidence that multiple earthworm chitinases are bacteria-responsive, strongly suggesting that earthworm chitinases are inducible humoral effectors in earthworm innate immunity. In addition, our results possibly suggest that earthworm EaChi4 may function as a pattern recognition molecule modulating the downstream immune pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beom Jun Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo Bin Yoon
- Department of Life Sciences, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Ho Lee
- Da Vinci College of General Education, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Chuog Shin
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju, 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - Louis Juakali
- Department EGRA, University of Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Sung-Jin Cho
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk, 28644, Republic of Korea.
| | - Soon Cheol Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea.
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42
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Dietary protein supplementation results in molecular and cellular changes related to T helper type 2 immunity in the lung and small intestine in lactating rats re-infected with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis. Parasitology 2021; 149:337-346. [PMID: 35264261 PMCID: PMC10090644 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182021001876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Acquired immunity to gastrointestinal nematodes reduces during late pregnancy and lactation which is known as periparturient relaxation of immunity (PPRI). Protein supplementation reduces the degree of PPRI in a rat model re-infected with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis, but the underlying molecular mechanisms have yet to be elucidated. Here, we hypothesized that protein supplementation will enhance T helper type 2 immunity (Th2) in the lung and small intestine. Nulliparous Sprague-Dawley rats were given a primary infection of N. brasiliensis prior to mating and restrictedly fed diets with either low protein (LP) or high protein (HP) during pregnancy and lactation. Dams were secondary infected with N. brasiliensis on day 2 post-parturition, and histology and gene expression were analysed for tissue samples collected at days 5, 8 and 11. Genes related to Th2 immunity in the lung, Retnla, Il13 and Mmp12, and in the intestine, Retnlb, were upregulated in HP dams compared to LP dams, which indicates the effect of dietary protein on Th2 immunity. HP dams also had increased splenic CD68+ macrophage populations compared to LP dams following secondary infection, suggesting enhanced immunity at a cellular level. Our data assist to define strategic utilization of nutrient supply in mammals undergoing reproductive and lactational efforts.
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43
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Ulu A, Burr A, Heires AJ, Pavlik J, Larsen T, Perez PA, Bravo C, DiPatrizio NV, Baack M, Romberger DJ, Nordgren TM. A high docosahexaenoic acid diet alters lung inflammation and recovery following repetitive exposure to aqueous organic dust extracts. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 97:108797. [PMID: 34126202 PMCID: PMC8725620 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Agricultural workers, especially those who work in swine confinement facilities, are at increased risk for developing pulmonary diseases including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and chronic bronchitis due to exposures to fumes, vapors, and organic dust. Repetitive exposure to agricultural dust leads to unresolved inflammation, a common underlying mechanism that worsens lung disease. Besides occupational exposure to dusts, diet also significantly contributes to inflammation and disease progression. Since DHA (docosahexaenoic acid), a polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acid and its bioactive metabolites have key roles in inflammation resolution, we rationalized that individuals chronically exposed to organic dusts can benefit from dietary modifications. Here, we evaluated the role of DHA in modifying airway inflammation in a murine model of repetitive exposure to an aqueous extract of agricultural dust (three-week exposure to swine confinement dust extract, HDE) and after a one-week resolution/recovery period. We found that mice fed a high DHA diet had significantly increased bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) levels of DHA-derived resolvins and lower TNFα along with altered plasma levels of endocannabinoids and related lipid mediators. Following the one-week recovery we identified significantly reduced BALF cellularity and cytokine/chemokine release along with increased BALF amphiregulin and resolvins in DHA diet-fed versus control diet-fed mice challenged with HDE. We further report observations on the effects of repetitive HDE exposure on lung Ym1+ and Arg-1+ macrophages. Overall, our findings support a protective role for DHA and identify DHA-derived resolvins and endocannabinoids among the potential mediators of DHA in altering airway inflammation in chronic agricultural dust exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arzu Ulu
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Abigail Burr
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Art J Heires
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Division, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Jacqueline Pavlik
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Division, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Tricia Larsen
- Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA
| | - Pedro A Perez
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Carissa Bravo
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Nicholas V DiPatrizio
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Michelle Baack
- Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA; Division of Neonatology, University of South Dakota-Sanford School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA
| | - Debra J Romberger
- VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Healthcare System, Omaha, Nebraska, USA; Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Division, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Tara M Nordgren
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA; Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Division, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA.
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44
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Fu B, Lin X, Tan S, Zhang R, Xue W, Zhang H, Zhang S, Zhao Q, Wang Y, Feldman K, Shi L, Zhang S, Nian W, Chaitanya Pavani K, Li Z, Wang X, Wu H. MiR-342 controls Mycobacterium tuberculosis susceptibility by modulating inflammation and cell death. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e52252. [PMID: 34288348 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202052252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) that places a heavy strain on public health. Host susceptibility to Mtb is modulated by macrophages, which regulate the balance between cell apoptosis and necrosis. However, the role of molecular switches that modulate apoptosis and necrosis during Mtb infection remains unclear. Here, we show that Mtb-susceptible mice and TB patients have relatively low miR-342-3p expression, while mice with miR-342-3p overexpression are more resistant to Mtb. We demonstrate that the miR-342-3p/SOCS6 axis regulates anti-Mtb immunity by increasing the production of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Most importantly, the miR-342-3p/SOCS6 axis participates in the switching between Mtb-induced apoptosis and necrosis through A20-mediated K48-linked ubiquitination and RIPK3 degradation. Our findings reveal several strategies by which the host innate immune system controls intracellular Mtb growth via the miRNA-mRNA network and pave the way for host-directed therapies targeting these pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Fu
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Lin
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shun Tan
- Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Weiwei Xue
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Haiwei Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Shanfu Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qingting Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Technical Center of Chongqing Customs, Chongqing, China
| | - Kelly Feldman
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Lei Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shaolin Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Weiqi Nian
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | | | - Zhifeng Li
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing, China
| | - Xingsheng Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Affiliated Central Hospital of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Haibo Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
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45
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Lu Z, Van Eeckhoutte HP, Liu G, Nair PM, Jones B, Gillis CM, Nalkurthi BC, Verhamme F, Buyle-Huybrecht T, Vandenabeele P, Berghe TV, Brusselle GG, Horvat JC, Murphy JM, Wark PA, Bracke KR, Fricker M, Hansbro PM. Necroptosis Signalling Promotes Inflammation, Airway Remodelling and Emphysema in COPD. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2021; 204:667-681. [PMID: 34133911 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202009-3442oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Necroptosis, mediated by RIPK3 and MLKL, is a form of regulated necrosis that can drive tissue inflammation and destruction, however its contribution to COPD pathogenesis is poorly understood. OBJECTIVES To determine the role of necroptosis in COPD. METHODS Levels of RIPK3, MLKL and activated phospho-MLKL were measured in lung tissues of COPD patients and non-COPD controls. Necroptosis-related mRNA and proteins and cell death were examined in the lungs and pulmonary macrophages of mice with cigarette smoke (CS)-induced experimental COPD. The responses of Ripk3- and Mlkl-deficient (-/-) mice to CS exposure were compared to wild-type mice. Combined inhibition of apoptosis (pan-caspase inhibitor qVD-OPh) and necroptosis (Mlkl-/- mice) was assessed. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Protein levels of MLKL and pMLKL but not RIPK3 were increased in lung tissues of COPD patients compared to never smokers or smoker non-COPD controls. Necroptosis-related mRNA and protein levels were increased in lung tissue and macrophages in CS-exposed mice/experimental COPD. Ripk3 or Mlkl deletion prevented airway inflammation in response to acute CS-exposure. Ripk3 deficiency reduced airway inflammation and remodelling and development of emphysematous pathology following chronic CS-exposure. Mlkl deletion and qVD-OPh treatment reduced chronic CS-induced airway inflammation, but only Mlkl deletion prevented airway remodelling and emphysema. Ripk3 or Mlkl deletion and qVD-OPh treatment reduced CS-induced lung cell death. CONCLUSIONS Necroptosis is induced by CS exposure and increased in COPD patient lungs and experimental COPD. Inhibiting necroptosis attenuates CS-induced airway inflammation, airway remodelling and emphysema. Targeted inhibition of necroptosis is a potential therapeutic strategy in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Lu
- The University of Newcastle Hunter Medical Research Institute, 454568, Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, New Lambton, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Gang Liu
- The University of Newcastle Hunter Medical Research Institute, 454568, Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, New Lambton, New South Wales, Australia.,University of Technology Sydney Faculty of Science, 170529, Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Prema M Nair
- University of Newcastle Hunter Medical Research Institute, 454568, Priority Research Centres for Healthy Lungs and GrowUpWell, New Lambton, New South Wales, Australia.,The University of Newcastle Faculty of Health and Medicine, 64834, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Bernadette Jones
- The University of Newcastle, 5982, Centre for Asthma & Respiratory Disease, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Caitlin M Gillis
- University of Technology Sydney Faculty of Science, 170529, Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Ghent University, 26656, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Department for Biomedical Molecular Biology, Gent, Belgium.,Ghent University, 26656, Methusalem program CEDAR-IC, Gent, Belgium
| | - B Christina Nalkurthi
- University of Technology Sydney Faculty of Science, 170529, Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Tamariche Buyle-Huybrecht
- University Hospital Ghent, 60200, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Laboratory for Translational Research in Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases, Gent, Belgium
| | - Peter Vandenabeele
- University Hospital Ghent, 60200, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Laboratory for Translational Research in Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases, Gent, Belgium
| | - Tom Vanden Berghe
- Ghent University, 26656, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Department for Biomedical Molecular Biology, Gent, Belgium.,University of Antwerp, 26660, Department Biomedical Sciences, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Guy G Brusselle
- University Hospital Ghent, 60200, Respiratory Medicine, Gent, Belgium
| | - Jay C Horvat
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Vaccines, Immunity, Viruses and Asthma Group, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - James M Murphy
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 5388, Department of Medical Biology University of Melbourne , Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter A Wark
- The University of Newcastle, 5982, Centre for Asthma & Respiratory Disease, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,The University of Newcastle Hunter Medical Research Institute, 454568, Vaccines, Infection, Viruses & Asthma, New Lambton, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ken R Bracke
- University Hospital Ghent, 60200, Respiratory Medicine, Gent, Belgium
| | - Michael Fricker
- The University of Newcastle Hunter Medical Research Institute, 454568, Priority Research Centres for Healthy Lungs & Grow Up Well, New Lambton, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- University of Technology Sydney, 1994, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia;
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46
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Chenery AL, Rosini S, Parkinson JE, Ajendra J, Herrera JA, Lawless C, Chan BHK, Loke P, MacDonald AS, Kadler KE, Sutherland TE, Allen JE. IL-13 deficiency exacerbates lung damage and impairs epithelial-derived type 2 molecules during nematode infection. Life Sci Alliance 2021; 4:4/8/e202001000. [PMID: 34127548 PMCID: PMC8321663 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202001000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
IL-13 is implicated in effective repair after acute lung injury and the pathogenesis of chronic diseases such as allergic asthma. Both these processes involve matrix remodelling, but understanding the specific contribution of IL-13 has been challenging because IL-13 shares receptors and signalling pathways with IL-4. Here, we used Nippostrongylus brasiliensis infection as a model of acute lung damage comparing responses between WT and IL-13-deficient mice, in which IL-4 signalling is intact. We found that IL-13 played a critical role in limiting tissue injury and haemorrhaging in the lung, and through proteomic and transcriptomic profiling, identified IL-13-dependent changes in matrix and associated regulators. We further showed a requirement for IL-13 in the induction of epithelial-derived type 2 effector molecules such as RELM-α and surfactant protein D. Pathway analyses predicted that IL-13 induced cellular stress responses and regulated lung epithelial cell differentiation by suppression of Foxa2 pathways. Thus, in the context of acute lung damage, IL-13 has tissue-protective functions and regulates epithelial cell responses during type 2 immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alistair L Chenery
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK,Lydia Becker Institute for Immunology and Infection, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Silvia Rosini
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK,Lydia Becker Institute for Immunology and Infection, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - James E Parkinson
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK,Lydia Becker Institute for Immunology and Infection, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Jesuthas Ajendra
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK,Lydia Becker Institute for Immunology and Infection, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Jeremy A Herrera
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Craig Lawless
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Brian HK Chan
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK,Lydia Becker Institute for Immunology and Infection, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - P’ng Loke
- Department of Microbiology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrew S MacDonald
- Lydia Becker Institute for Immunology and Infection, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Karl E Kadler
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK,Lydia Becker Institute for Immunology and Infection, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Tara E Sutherland
- Lydia Becker Institute for Immunology and Infection, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Judith E Allen
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK .,Lydia Becker Institute for Immunology and Infection, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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47
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Chitinase-Like Protein Ym2 (Chil4) Regulates Regeneration of the Olfactory Epithelium via Interaction with Inflammation. J Neurosci 2021; 41:5620-5637. [PMID: 34016714 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1601-20.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The adult olfactory epithelium (OE) regenerates sensory neurons and nonsensory supporting cells from resident stem cells after injury. How supporting cells contribute to OE regeneration remains largely unknown. In this study, we elucidated a novel role of Ym2 (also known as Chil4 or Chi3l4), a chitinase-like protein expressed in supporting cells, in regulating regeneration of the injured OE in vivo in both male and female mice and cell proliferation/differentiation in OE colonies in vitro We found that Ym2 expression was enhanced in supporting cells after OE injury. Genetic knockdown of Ym2 in supporting cells attenuated recovery of the injured OE, while Ym2 overexpression by lentiviral infection accelerated OE regeneration. Similarly, Ym2 bidirectionally regulated cell proliferation and differentiation in OE colonies. Furthermore, anti-inflammatory treatment reduced Ym2 expression and delayed OE regeneration in vivo and cell proliferation/differentiation in vitro, which were counteracted by Ym2 overexpression. Collectively, this study revealed a novel role of Ym2 in OE regeneration and cell proliferation/differentiation of OE colonies via interaction with inflammatory responses, providing new clues to the function of supporting cells in these processes.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The mammalian olfactory epithelium (OE) is a unique neural tissue that regenerates sensory neurons and nonsensory supporting cells throughout life and postinjury. How supporting cells contribute to this process is not entirely understood. Here we report that OE injury causes upregulation of a chitinase-like protein, Ym2, in supporting cells, which facilitates OE regeneration. Moreover, anti-inflammatory treatment reduces Ym2 expression and delays OE regeneration, which are counteracted by Ym2 overexpression. This study reveals an important role of supporting cells in OE regeneration and provides a critical link between Ym2 and inflammation in this process.
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48
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Rodriguez-Rodriguez N, Gogoi M, McKenzie AN. Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells: Team Players in Regulating Asthma. Annu Rev Immunol 2021; 39:167-198. [PMID: 33534604 PMCID: PMC7614118 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-110119-091711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 immunity helps protect the host from infection, but it also plays key roles in tissue homeostasis, metabolism, and repair. Unfortunately, inappropriate type 2 immune reactions may lead to allergy and asthma. Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) in the lungs respond rapidly to local environmental cues, such as the release of epithelium-derived type 2 initiator cytokines/alarmins, producing type 2 effector cytokines such as IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 in response to tissue damage and infection. ILC2s are associated with the severity of allergic asthma, and experimental models of lung inflammation have shown how they act as playmakers, receiving signals variously from stromal and immune cells as well as the nervous system and then distributing cytokine cues to elicit type 2 immune effector functions and potentiate CD4+ T helper cell activation, both of which characterize the pathology of allergic asthma. Recent breakthroughs identifying stromal- and neuronal-derived microenvironmental cues that regulate ILC2s, along with studies recognizing the potential plasticity of ILC2s, have improved our understanding of the immunoregulation of asthma and opened new avenues for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noe Rodriguez-Rodriguez
- Medical Research Council, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, CB2 0QH. UK
| | - Mayuri Gogoi
- Medical Research Council, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, CB2 0QH. UK
| | - Andrew N.J. McKenzie
- Medical Research Council, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, CB2 0QH. UK,Corresponding author:
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49
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Aegerter H, Smole U, Heyndrickx I, Verstraete K, Savvides SN, Hammad H, Lambrecht BN. Charcot-Leyden crystals and other protein crystals driving type 2 immunity and allergy. Curr Opin Immunol 2021; 72:72-78. [PMID: 33873124 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2021.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Protein crystals derived from innate immune cells have been synonymous with a Type-2 immune response in both mouse and man for over 150 years. Eosinophilic Galectin-10 (Charcot-Leyden) crystals in humans, and Ym1/Ym2 crystals in mice are frequently found in the context of parasitic infections, but also in diseases such as asthma and chronic rhinosinusitis. Despite their notable presence, these crystals are often overlooked as trivial markers of Type-2 inflammation. Here, we discuss the source, context, and role of protein crystallization. We focus on similarities observed between Galectin-10 and Ym1/2 crystals in driving immune responses; the subsequent benefit to the host during worm infection, and conversely the detrimental exacerbation of inflammation and mucus production during asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Aegerter
- Immunoregulation Unit, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ursula Smole
- Immunoregulation Unit, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ines Heyndrickx
- Immunoregulation Unit, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kenneth Verstraete
- Unit for Structural Biology, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Savvas N Savvides
- Unit for Structural Biology, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hamida Hammad
- Immunoregulation Unit, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bart N Lambrecht
- Immunoregulation Unit, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Pulmonary Medicine, ErasmusMC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Cox JR, Cruickshank SM, Saunders AE. Maintenance of Barrier Tissue Integrity by Unconventional Lymphocytes. Front Immunol 2021; 12:670471. [PMID: 33936115 PMCID: PMC8079635 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.670471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucosal surfaces, as a first barrier with the environment are especially susceptible to damage from both pathogens and physical trauma. Thus, these sites require tightly regulated repair programs to maintain barrier function in the face of such insults. Barrier sites are also enriched for unconventional lymphocytes, which lack rearranged antigen receptors or express only a limited range of such receptors, such as ILCs (Innate Lymphoid Cells), γδ T Cells and MAIT (Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cells). Recent studies have uncovered critical roles for unconventional lymphocytes in regulating mucosal barrier function, and, in particular, have highlighted their important involvement in barrier repair. The production of growth factors such as amphiregulin by ILC2, and fibroblast growth factors by γδ T cells have been shown to promote tissue repair at multiple barrier sites. Additionally, MAIT cells have been shown to exhibit pro-repair phenotypes and demonstrate microbiota-dependent promotion of murine skin healing. In this review we will discuss how immune responses at mucosal sites are controlled by unconventional lymphocytes and the ways in which these cells promote tissue repair to maintain barrier integrity in the skin, gut and lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua R Cox
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Science, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Science, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Sheena M Cruickshank
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Science, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Amy E Saunders
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Science, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Science, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
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