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Lozano-Tovar S, Nuccetelli M, Placidi F, Izzi F, Sancesario G, Bernardini S, Biagio Mercuri N, Liguori C. CSF dynamics of orexin and β-amyloid 42 levels in narcolepsy and Alzheimer's disease patients: a controlled study. Neurosci Lett 2024; 837:137914. [PMID: 39032802 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2024.137914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
β-amyloid42 (Aβ42) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and orexin in narcolepsy are considered crucial biomarkers for diagnosis and therapeutic targets. Recently, orexin and Aβ cerebral dynamics have been studied in both pathologies, but how they interact with each other remains further to be known. In this study, we investigated the reliability of using the correlation between orexin-A and Aβ42 CSF levels as a candidate marker to explain the chain of events leading to narcolepsy or AD pathology. In order to test the correlation between these biomarkers, patients diagnosed with AD (n = 76), narcolepsy type 1 (NT1, n = 17), narcolepsy type 2 (NT2, n = 23) and healthy subjects (n = 91) were examined. Patients and healthy subjects underwent lumbar puncture between 8:00 and 10:00 am at the Neurology Unit of the University Hospital of Rome "Tor Vergata". CSF levels of Aβ42, total-tau, phosphorylated-tau, and orexin-A were assessed. The results showed that CSF levels of Aβ42 were significantly lower (p < 0.001) in AD (332.28 ± 237.36 pg/mL) compared to NT1 (569.88 ± 187.00 pg/mL), NT2 (691.00 ± 292.63 pg/mL) and healthy subjects (943.68 ± 198.12 pg/mL). CSF orexin-A levels were statistically different (p < 0.001) between AD (148.01 ± 29.49 pg/mL), NT1 (45.94 ± 13.63 pg/mL), NT2 (104.92 ± 25.55 pg/mL) and healthy subjects (145.18 ± 27.01 pg/mL). Moderate-severe AD patients (mini mental state examination < 21) showed the highest CSF orexin-A levels, whereas NT1 patients showed the lowest CSF orexin-A levels. Correlation between CSF levels of Aβ42 and orexin-A was found only in healthy subjects (r = 0.26; p = 0.01), and not in narcolepsy or AD patients. This lack of correlation in both diseases may be explained by the pathology itself since the correlation between these two biomarkers is evident only in the healthy subjects. This study adds to the present literature by further documenting the interplay between orexinergic neurotransmission and cerebral Aβ dynamics, possibly sustained by sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Lozano-Tovar
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Circuito Ciudad Universitaria Avenida, C.U., Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Marzia Nuccetelli
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Placidi
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy; Sleep Medicine Centre, Neurology Unit, University Hospital of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Izzi
- Sleep Medicine Centre, Neurology Unit, University Hospital of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Sancesario
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Sergio Bernardini
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Biagio Mercuri
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy; Sleep Medicine Centre, Neurology Unit, University Hospital of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Liguori
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy; Sleep Medicine Centre, Neurology Unit, University Hospital of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy.
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Terada M, Mitsukawa K, Nakakariya M, Koike T, Kimura H. Effects of an OX2R agonist on migration and removal of tau from mouse brain. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15964. [PMID: 38987562 PMCID: PMC11237063 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64817-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Pathological proteins including tau are produced in neurons and released into interstitial fluid (ISF) in a neural activity-dependent manner during wakefulness. Pathological proteins in ISF can be removed from the brain via the glymphatic pathway during nighttime. Thus, in individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD) that have dysregulated sleep/wake rhythm, application of orexin receptor 2 (OX2R) agonists during daytime could recover the efflux of pathological proteins to ISF and indirectly promote the glymphatic pathway by improving the quality of nighttime sleep after proper daytime arousal, resulting in increased removal of these proteins from the brain. We investigated this hypothesis using OX-201, a novel OX2R-selective agonist with a 50% effective concentration of 8.0 nM. Diurnal rhythm of tau release into hippocampal ISF correlated well with neuronal activity and wakefulness in wild-type mice. In both wild-type and human P301S tau transgenic mice, OX-201 induced wakefulness and promoted tau release into hippocampal ISF. Human P301S tau transgenic mice, tested under our conditions, showed longer wakefulness time, which differs from individuals with AD. OX-201 treatment over 2 months did not alter hippocampal tau levels. Although further studies are required, at a minimum OX2R agonists may not exacerbate tau accumulation in individuals with tauopathy, including AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiko Terada
- Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 251-8555, Japan
| | - Kayo Mitsukawa
- Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 251-8555, Japan
| | - Masanori Nakakariya
- Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 251-8555, Japan
| | - Tatsuki Koike
- Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 251-8555, Japan
| | - Haruhide Kimura
- Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 251-8555, Japan.
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Prischich D, Sortino R, Gomila-Juaneda A, Matera C, Guardiola S, Nepomuceno D, Varese M, Bonaventure P, de Lecea L, Giralt E, Gorostiza P. In vivo photocontrol of orexin receptors with a nanomolar light-regulated analogue of orexin-B. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:288. [PMID: 38970689 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05308-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Orexinergic neurons are critically involved in regulating arousal, wakefulness, and appetite. Their dysfunction has been associated with sleeping disorders, and non-peptide drugs are currently being developed to treat insomnia and narcolepsy. Yet, no light-regulated agents are available to reversibly control their activity. To meet this need, a photoswitchable peptide analogue of the endogenous neuroexcitatory peptide orexin-B was designed, synthesized, and tested in vitro and in vivo. This compound - photorexin - is the first photo-reversible ligand reported for orexin receptors. It allows dynamic control of activity in vitro (including almost the same efficacy as orexin-B, high nanomolar potency, and subtype selectivity to human OX2 receptors) and in vivo in zebrafish larvae by direct application in water. Photorexin induces dose- and light-dependent changes in locomotion and a reduction in the successive induction reflex that is associated with sleep behavior. Molecular dynamics calculations indicate that trans and cis photorexin adopt similar bent conformations and that the only discriminant between their structures and activities is the positioning of the N-terminus. This, in the case of the more active trans isomer, points towards the OX2 N-terminus and extra-cellular loop 2, a region of the receptor known to be involved in ligand binding and recognition consistent with a "message-address" system. Thus, our approach could be extended to several important families of endogenous peptides, such as endothelins, nociceptin, and dynorphins among others, that bind to their cognate receptors through a similar mechanism: a "message" domain involved in receptor activation and signal transduction, and an "address" sequence for receptor occupation and improved binding affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davia Prischich
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red - Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Rosalba Sortino
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red - Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alexandre Gomila-Juaneda
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red - Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Carlo Matera
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red - Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Salvador Guardiola
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- ONA Therapeutics, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Monica Varese
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- OMAKASE Consulting, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Luis de Lecea
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ernest Giralt
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pau Gorostiza
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red - Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain.
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain.
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Viskaitis P, Tesmer AL, Liu Z, Karnani MM, Arnold M, Donegan D, Bracey E, Grujic N, Patriarchi T, Peleg-Raibstein D, Burdakov D. Orexin neurons track temporal features of blood glucose in behaving mice. Nat Neurosci 2024; 27:1299-1308. [PMID: 38773350 PMCID: PMC11239495 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-024-01648-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Does the brain track how fast our blood glucose is changing? Knowing such a rate of change would enable the prediction of an upcoming state and a timelier response to this new state. Hypothalamic arousal-orchestrating hypocretin/orexin neurons (HONs) have been proposed to be glucose sensors, yet whether they track glucose concentration (proportional tracking) or rate of change (derivative tracking) is unknown. Using simultaneous recordings of HONs and blood glucose in behaving male mice, we found that maximal HON responses occur in considerable temporal anticipation (minutes) of glucose peaks due to derivative tracking. Analysis of >900 individual HONs revealed glucose tracking in most HONs (98%), with derivative and proportional trackers working in parallel, and many (65%) HONs multiplexed glucose and locomotion information. Finally, we found that HON activity is important for glucose-evoked locomotor suppression. These findings reveal a temporal dimension of brain glucose sensing and link neurobiological and algorithmic views of blood glucose perception in the brain's arousal orchestrators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulius Viskaitis
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alexander L Tesmer
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ziyu Liu
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich), Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Mahesh M Karnani
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich), Zurich, Switzerland
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Myrtha Arnold
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dane Donegan
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Eva Bracey
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nikola Grujic
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tommaso Patriarchi
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daria Peleg-Raibstein
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Denis Burdakov
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich), Zurich, Switzerland.
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Pan Y, Zhang X, Wen X, Yuan N, Guo L, Shi Y, Jia Y, Guo Y, Hao F, Qu S, Chen Z, Yang L, Wang X, Liu Y. Development and validation of a machine learning model for prediction of comorbid major depression disorder among narcolepsy type 1. Sleep Med 2024; 119:556-564. [PMID: 38810481 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2024.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depression disorder (MDD) forms a common psychiatric comorbidity among patients with narcolepsy type 1 (NT1), yet its impact on patients with NT1 is often overlooked by neurologists. Currently, there is a lack of effective methods for accurately predicting MDD in patients with NT1. OBJECTIVE This study utilized machine learning (ML) algorithms to identify critical variables and developed the prediction model for predicting MDD in patients with NT1. METHODS The study included 267 NT1 patients from four sleep centers. The diagnosis of comorbid MDD was based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders fifth edition (DSM-5). ML models, including six full models and six compact models, were developed using a training set. The performance of these models was compared in the testing set, and the optimal model was evaluated in the testing set. Various evaluation metrics, such as Area under the receiver operating curve (AUC), precision-recall (PR) curve and calibration curve were employed to assess and compare the performance of the ML models. Model interpretability was demonstrated using SHAP. RESULT In the testing set, the logistic regression (LG) model demonstrated superior performance compared to other ML models based on evaluation metrics such as AUC, PR curve, and calibration curve. The top eight features used in the LG model, ranked by feature importance, included social impact scale (SIS) score, narcolepsy severity scale (NSS) score, total sleep time, body mass index (BMI), education years, age of onset, sleep efficiency, sleep latency. CONCLUSION The study yielded a straightforward and practical ML model for the early identification of MDD in patients with NT1. A web-based tool for clinical applications was developed, which deserves further verification in diverse clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhang Pan
- Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, PR China.
| | - Xinbo Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, PR China.
| | - Xinyu Wen
- Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, PR China.
| | - Na Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, PR China.
| | - Li Guo
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, PR China.
| | - Yifan Shi
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, PR China.
| | - Yuanyuan Jia
- Encerebropathy Department, No.2, Baoji Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Baoji, PR China.
| | - Yanzhao Guo
- Encerebropathy Department, No.10, Xi'an Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, PR China.
| | - Fengli Hao
- Department of Neurology, Xi'an Daxing Hospital, Xi'an, PR China.
| | - Shuyi Qu
- Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, PR China.
| | - Ze Chen
- Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, PR China.
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, PR China.
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, PR China.
| | - Yonghong Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, PR China.
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Yokoi S, Suno R, Mitsutake A. Structural and Computational Insights into Dynamics and Intermediate States of Orexin 2 Receptor Signaling. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:6082-6096. [PMID: 38722794 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.4c00730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Orexin 2 receptor (OX2R) is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) whose activation is crucial to regulation of the sleep-wake cycle. Recently, inactive and active state structures were determined from X-ray crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy single particle analysis, and the activation mechanisms have been discussed based on these static data. GPCRs have multiscale intermediate states during activation, and insights into these dynamics and intermediate states may aid the precise control of intracellular signaling by ligands in drug discovery. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are used to investigate dynamics induced in response to thermal perturbations, such as structural fluctuations of main and side chains. In this study, we proposed collective motions of the TM domain during activation by performing 30 independent microsecond-scale MD simulations for various OX2R systems and applying relaxation mode analysis. The analysis results suggested that TM3 had a vertical structural movement relative to the membrane surface during activation. In addition, we extracted three characteristic amino acid residues on TM3, i.e., Q1343.32, V1423.40, and R1523.50, which exhibited large conformational fluctuations. We quantitatively evaluated the changes in their equilibrium during activation in relation to the movement of TM3. We also discuss the regulation of ligand binding recognition and intracellular signal selectivity by changes in the equilibrium of Q1343.32 and R1523.50, respectively, according to MD simulations and GPCR database. Additionally, the OX2R-Gi signaling complex is stabilized in the conformation resembling a non-canonical (NC) state, which was previously proposed as an intermediate state during activation of neurotensin 1 receptor. Insights into the dynamics and intermediate states during activation gained from this study may be useful for developing biased agonists for OX2R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Yokoi
- Department of Physics, School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashi-Mita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
| | - Ryoji Suno
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shin-Machi, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, Japan
| | - Ayori Mitsutake
- Department of Physics, School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashi-Mita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
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Dong P, Dai W, Zhao T, Gong Y, Weng N, Lv S, Zhao Y, Du C, Ma Y, Zhang Z, He S, Zheng F, Sun P. Jingqianshu granules mitigates premenstrual depression by regulating orexin signaling. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1294122. [PMID: 38948463 PMCID: PMC11211579 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1294122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), a severe form of premenstrual syndrome (PMS), is a serious health disorder that affects patient moods. It is caused by cyclic psychological symptoms and its pathogenesis is still unclear. Abnormalities in the basolateral amygdala (BLA) orexin system, which are important causes of the development of depressive mood, have not been reported in PMDD, so exploring its intrinsic mechanisms is meaningful for enriching the pathomechanisms of PMDD. Methods: High performance liquid chromatography was used for the determination of the active ingredients of Jingqianshu granules. Developing a rat model of premenstrual depression using the forced swimming test (FST). The experiment consisted of two parts. In Part 1, the rats were divided into the control group, the model group, the model + Jingqianshu group, and the model + fluoxetine group. The FST, open field test, and elevated plus maze test, were used to assess the behavior of the rats as well as to evaluate the effect of drug intervention. Immunofluorescence and RT-qPCR were used to detect the expression of orexin and its receptors OX1R and OX2R genes and proteins. The expression of Toll-like receptor 4, nuclear factor kappa-B, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin 6, and interleukin-1β in the BLA brain region was detected by Western-Blot. In part 2, the rats were injected intracerebrally with orexin-A. Observe the behavioral activities of rats in the control group, model group, and model+orexin-A group. Immunofluorescence was used to detect microglia in the BLA area of rats, and the expression levels of the above inflammatory factors were detected by Western-Blot. Results: The five components of Jingqianshu granules are: paeoniflorin, erulic acid, liquiritin, hesperidin, and paeonol. During the estrous cycle, rats exhibited depressive-like behavior during the non-receptive phase of the behavioral test, which disappeared during the receptive phase. Immunofluorescence and RT-qPCR showed reduced gene and protein expression of orexin, OX1R, and OX2R in the BLA region of rats in the model group.WB showed elevated levels of inflammatory factors. All returned to control levels after drug treatment. In part 2, injection of orexin-A into the BLA brain region of model rats resulted in reduced immunoreactivity of microglia and decreased expression levels of inflammatory factors. Discussion: Jianqianshu granules can achieve the purpose of treating premenstrual depression by regulating orexin-mediated inflammatory factors, which provides a new idea for further research on the pathogenesis of PMDD. However, the current study is still preliminary and the pathogenesis of PMDD is complex. Therefore, more in-depth exploration is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Dong
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Weibo Dai
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhongshan, China
| | - Tingting Zhao
- School of Foreign Language, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | | | - Ning Weng
- Shandong Mental Health Center, Jinan, China
| | - Shimeng Lv
- Department of First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yifan Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Chunyu Du
- Qinhuangdao Shanhaiguan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Yuexiang Ma
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine Health, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Shuhua He
- Boai Hospitai of Zhngshan, Zhngshan, China
| | - Feng Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Peng Sun
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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Borgatti DA, Rowlett JK, Berro LF. Effects of methamphetamine on actigraphy-based sleep parameters in female rhesus monkeys: Orexin receptor mechanisms. Drug Alcohol Depend 2024; 259:111285. [PMID: 38636173 PMCID: PMC11111337 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.111285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The orexin system has been implicated as a mechanism underlying insomnia and methamphetamine-induced sleep disruptions, with a potential role for OX2 receptors in the sleep-modulating effects of orexin. The aim of the present study was to investigate the extent to which orexin receptors mediate the effects of acute methamphetamine administration on actigraphy-based sleep in female rhesus monkeys. METHODS Actigraphy-based sleep measures were obtained in female rhesus monkeys (n=5) under baseline and acute test conditions. First, morning (10h) i.m. injections of methamphetamine (0.03 - 0.56mg/kg) were administered to determine the effects of methamphetamine alone. Then, saline or methamphetamine (0.3mg/kg) were administered at 10h, and evening (17h30) oral treatments with vehicle, the non-selective orexin receptor antagonist suvorexant (1 - 10mg/kg, p.o.), or the OX2-selective orexin receptor antagonist MK-1064 (1 - 10mg/kg, p.o.) were given. The ability of suvorexant and MK-1064 (10mg/kg, p.o.) to improve actigraphy-based sleep was also assessed in a group of female monkeys quantitatively identified with "short-duration sleep" (n=4). RESULTS Methamphetamine dose-dependently disrupted actigraphy-based sleep parameters. Treatment with either suvorexant or MK-1064 dose-dependently improved actigraphy-based sleep in monkeys treated with methamphetamine. Additionally, both suvorexant and MK-1064 promoted actigraphy-based sleep in a group of monkeys with baseline short actigraphy-based sleep. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that orexin-mediated mechanisms play a role in the effects of methamphetamine on actigraphy-based sleep in female monkeys. Targeting the orexin system, in particular OX2 receptors, could be an effective option for treating sleep disruptions observed in individuals with methamphetamine use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Borgatti
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA; Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - James K Rowlett
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA; Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA; Center for Innovation and Discovery in Addictions, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Lais F Berro
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA; Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA; Center for Innovation and Discovery in Addictions, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA.
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Ma X, Cao F, Cui J, Li X, Yin Z, Wu Y, Wang Q. Orexin B protects dopaminergic neurons from 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-induced neurotoxicity associated with reduced extracellular signal-regulated kinase phosphorylation. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:669. [PMID: 38787465 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09587-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) is a major pathological hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD). Orexin B (OXB) has been reported to promote the growth of DA neurons. However, the roles of OXB in the degeneration of DA neurons still remained not fully clear. METHODS An in vivo PD model was constructed by administrating 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) in mice. Pole test was performed to investigate the motor function of mice and the number of DA neurons was detected by immunofluorescence (IF). A PD cell model was established by treating SH-SY5Y cells with 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+). OXB was added to the culture medium 2 h after MPP + treatment. Microscopic analysis was carried out to investigate the function of OXB in the cell model of PD 24 h after MPP + challenge. RNA-Seq analysis of the PD cell model was performed to explore the possible mechanisms. Western blot was used to detect the phosphorylation levels of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). RESULTS OXB significantly decreased the DA neurons death caused by MPTP, alleviated MPP+-induced neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells, and robustly enhanced the weight and motor ability of PD mice. Besides, RNA-Seq analysis demonstrated that the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway was involved in the pathology of PD. Furthermore, MPP + led to increased levels of phosphorylation of ERK (p-ERK), OXB treatment significantly decreased the levels of p-ERK in MPP+-treated SH-SY5Y cells. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that OXB exerts a neuroprotective role associated with reduced ERK phosphorylation in the PD model. This suggests that OXB may have therapeutic potential for treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Ma
- Institute of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272067, China
| | - Fei Cao
- Institute of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272067, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Translational Medical of Digestive System Tumor, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chronic Liver Disease and Hepatocellular Carcinoma, School of Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361000, China
| | - Jing Cui
- Institute of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272067, China
| | - Xuezhi Li
- Institute of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272067, China
| | - Zuojuan Yin
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
| | - Yili Wu
- Institute of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272067, China.
- Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, School of Mental Health, The Affiliated Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China.
| | - Qinqin Wang
- Institute of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272067, China.
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10
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Stanyer EC, Hoffmann J, Holland PR. Orexins and primary headaches: an overview of the neurobiology and clinical impact. Expert Rev Neurother 2024; 24:487-496. [PMID: 38517280 PMCID: PMC11034548 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2024.2328728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Primary headaches, including migraines and cluster headaches, are highly prevalent disorders that significantly impact quality of life. Several factors suggest a key role for the hypothalamus, including neuroimaging studies, attack periodicity, and the presence of altered homeostatic regulation. The orexins are two neuropeptides synthesized almost exclusively in the lateral hypothalamus with widespread projections across the central nervous system. They are involved in an array of functions including homeostatic regulation and nociception, suggesting a potential role in primary headaches. AREAS COVERED This review summarizes current knowledge of the neurobiology of orexins, their involvement in sleep-wake regulation, nociception, and functions relevant to the associated symptomology of headache disorders. Preclinical reports of the antinociceptive effects of orexin-A in preclinical models are discussed, as well as clinical evidence for the potential involvement of the orexinergic system in headache. EXPERT OPINION Several lines of evidence support the targeted modulation of orexinergic signaling in primary headaches. Critically, orexins A and B, acting differentially via the orexin 1 and 2 receptors, respectively, demonstrate differential effects on trigeminal pain processing, indicating why dual-receptor antagonists failed to show clinical efficacy. The authors propose that orexin 1 receptor agonists or positive allosteric modulators should be the focus of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily C. Stanyer
- Headache Group, Wolfson Sensory, Pain and Regeneration Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
- Sir Jules Thorne Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jan Hoffmann
- Headache Group, Wolfson Sensory, Pain and Regeneration Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Philip R. Holland
- Headache Group, Wolfson Sensory, Pain and Regeneration Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
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11
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Istiban MN, De Fruyt N, Kenis S, Beets I. Evolutionary conserved peptide and glycoprotein hormone-like neuroendocrine systems in C. elegans. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2024; 584:112162. [PMID: 38290646 PMCID: PMC11004728 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2024.112162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Peptides and protein hormones form the largest group of secreted signals that mediate intercellular communication and are central regulators of physiology and behavior in all animals. Phylogenetic analyses and biochemical identifications of peptide-receptor systems reveal a broad evolutionary conservation of these signaling systems at the molecular level. Substantial progress has been made in recent years on characterizing the physiological and putative ancestral roles of many peptide systems through comparative studies in invertebrate models. Several peptides and protein hormones are not only molecularly conserved but also have conserved roles across animal phyla. Here, we focus on functional insights gained in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans that, with its compact and well-described nervous system, provides a powerful model to dissect neuroendocrine signaling networks involved in the control of physiology and behavior. We summarize recent discoveries on the evolutionary conservation and knowledge on the functions of peptide and protein hormone systems in C. elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majdulin Nabil Istiban
- Neural Signaling and Circuit Plasticity, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nathan De Fruyt
- Neural Signaling and Circuit Plasticity, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Signe Kenis
- Neural Signaling and Circuit Plasticity, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Isabel Beets
- Neural Signaling and Circuit Plasticity, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
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12
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Zhang M, Chen T, Lu X, Lan X, Chen Z, Lu S. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs): advances in structures, mechanisms, and drug discovery. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:88. [PMID: 38594257 PMCID: PMC11004190 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01803-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), the largest family of human membrane proteins and an important class of drug targets, play a role in maintaining numerous physiological processes. Agonist or antagonist, orthosteric effects or allosteric effects, and biased signaling or balanced signaling, characterize the complexity of GPCR dynamic features. In this study, we first review the structural advancements, activation mechanisms, and functional diversity of GPCRs. We then focus on GPCR drug discovery by revealing the detailed drug-target interactions and the underlying mechanisms of orthosteric drugs approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in the past five years. Particularly, an up-to-date analysis is performed on available GPCR structures complexed with synthetic small-molecule allosteric modulators to elucidate key receptor-ligand interactions and allosteric mechanisms. Finally, we highlight how the widespread GPCR-druggable allosteric sites can guide structure- or mechanism-based drug design and propose prospects of designing bitopic ligands for the future therapeutic potential of targeting this receptor family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Protection, Development and Utilization of Medicinal Resources in Liupanshan Area, Ministry of Education, Peptide & Protein Drug Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
- Medicinal Chemistry and Bioinformatics Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Changzheng Hospital, Affiliated to Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Xun Lu
- Medicinal Chemistry and Bioinformatics Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xiaobing Lan
- Key Laboratory of Protection, Development and Utilization of Medicinal Resources in Liupanshan Area, Ministry of Education, Peptide & Protein Drug Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Ziqiang Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Changhai Hospital, Affiliated to Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Shaoyong Lu
- Key Laboratory of Protection, Development and Utilization of Medicinal Resources in Liupanshan Area, Ministry of Education, Peptide & Protein Drug Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
- Medicinal Chemistry and Bioinformatics Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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13
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Moscatelli F, Monda A, Messina A, Monda M, Monda V, Villano I, De Maria A, Nicola M, Marsala G, de Stefano MI, Limone P, Messina G, Polito R. Evaluation of Orexin-A Salivary Levels and its Correlation with Attention After Non-invasive Brain Stimulation in Female Volleyball Players. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2024; 10:32. [PMID: 38573446 PMCID: PMC10994895 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-024-00698-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The capacity to change attention from one area to another depending on the many environmental circumstances present is a crucial aspect of selective attention and is strictly correlated to reaction time. The cholinergic system of the basal forebrain is crucial for attentive abilities. Several inputs, particularly orexin neurons, whose cell bodies are found in the postero-lateral hypothalamus, can activate the cholinergic system. The aim of this study was to investigate if high frequencies rTMS at dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in highly trained volleyball players can change Orexin-A levels, attention and reaction time. This study was a double-blinded (participant and evaluator) matched-pair experimental design. Twenty right-handed female volleyball players were recruited for the study (age 24.6 ± 2.7 years; height 177.0 ± 5.5 cm; body mass 67.5 ± 6.5 kg; BMI 21.5 ± 1.2). RESULTS The main finding of this study was that 10 Hz rTMS to the DLPFC seems to increase Orexin-A salivary levels and the percentage of correct answers, while decreasing RT. After rTMS, the athletes show an increase in the percentage of correct answers immediately after the end of stimulation, and also after 15 and 30 min. Moreover, the athletes show decreases in reaction time after the end of stimulation and after 15 and 30 min to the end of stimulation, while no differences were found at the end of stimulation. Finally, the athletes show significant increases in Orexin-A salivary levels after stimulation with a peak after 30' of the end. CONCLUSION The results of our study seem to indicate that there is a relationship between salivary Orexin-A levels and RT. These results could provide useful tools for modulating sports training; in fact, if confirmed, they could lead coaches to offer their athletes rTMS sessions appropriately integrated with training. In fact, alternating attention is a mental flexibility that enables people to change their point of focus and switch between tasks requiring various levels of cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiorenzo Moscatelli
- Department of Wellbeing, Nutrition and Sport, Pegaso Telematic University, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonietta Monda
- Department of Human Science and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele Telematic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonietta Messina
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology and Unit of Dietetics and Sports Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Marcellino Monda
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology and Unit of Dietetics and Sports Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Monda
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Naples "Parthenope", Naples, Italy
| | - Ines Villano
- Department of Wellbeing, Nutrition and Sport, Pegaso Telematic University, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonella De Maria
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology and Unit of Dietetics and Sports Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Mancini Nicola
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, "Babes Bolyai" University, Cluj-Napoca, Italy
| | - Gabriella Marsala
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, "Babes Bolyai" University, Cluj-Napoca, Italy
- Drug's Department, ASP Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Ida de Stefano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Pierpaolo Limone
- Department of Psychology and Education, Pegaso Telematic University, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Messina
- Department of Human Science and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele Telematic University, Rome, Italy.
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology and Unit of Dietetics and Sports Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy.
| | - Rita Polito
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
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14
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Konno Y, Kamigaso S, Toki H, Terasaka S, Hikichi H, Endo H, Yamaguchi J, Mizuno‐Yasuhira A. Preclinical metabolism and the disposition of vornorexant/TS-142, a novel dual orexin 1/2 receptor antagonist for the treatment of insomnia. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2024; 12:e1183. [PMID: 38491717 PMCID: PMC10943176 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.1183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
We investigated the metabolism and disposition of vornorexant, a novel dual orexin receptor antagonist, in rats and dogs, and clarified in vitro metabolite profiles in humans. Furthermore, we investigated the pharmacokinetics of active metabolites in rats and dogs and their CNS distribution in rats to elucidate its contribution to drug efficacy. [14 C]vornorexant was rapidly and mostly absorbed after the oral administration in rats and dogs. The drug-derived radioactivity, including metabolites, was distributed to major organs such as the liver, kidneys in rats, and was almost eliminated within 24 h post-dose in both species. Metabolite profiling revealed that main clearance mechanism of vornorexant was metabolism via multiple pathways by oxidation. The major circulating components were the cleaved metabolites (M10, M12) in rats, and the unchanged form in dogs, followed by M1, and then M3. Incubation with human hepatocytes resulted in formation of metabolites, including M1, M3, M10, and M12. The metabolic pathways were similar in all tested species. Resulting from the PK and CNS distribution of active metabolites (M1 and M3) with weaker pharmacological activity, the concentration of the unchanged form was higher than that of active metabolites in rat CSF and dog plasma, suggesting that the unchanged form mainly contributed to the drug efficacy. These findings demonstrate that vornorexant is absorbed immediately after administration, and vornorexant and its metabolites are rapidly and completely eliminated in rats and dogs. Thus, vornorexant may have favorable pharmacokinetic profiles as a hypnotic drug to provide rapid onset of action and minimal next-day residual effects in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Konno
- Drug Safety and Pharmacokinetics, Research CenterTaisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.SaitamaJapan
| | - Shunsuke Kamigaso
- Drug Safety and Pharmacokinetics, Research CenterTaisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.SaitamaJapan
| | - Hidetoh Toki
- Drug Safety and Pharmacokinetics, Research CenterTaisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.SaitamaJapan
| | - Shuichi Terasaka
- Drug Safety and Pharmacokinetics, Research CenterTaisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.SaitamaJapan
| | - Hirohiko Hikichi
- Pharmacology, Research CenterTaisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.SaitamaJapan
| | - Hiromi Endo
- Drug Safety and Pharmacokinetics, Research CenterTaisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.SaitamaJapan
| | - Jun‐Ichi Yamaguchi
- Drug Safety and Pharmacokinetics, Research CenterTaisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.SaitamaJapan
| | - Akiko Mizuno‐Yasuhira
- Drug Safety and Pharmacokinetics, Research CenterTaisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.SaitamaJapan
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15
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Wilson DA, Sullivan RM, Smiley JF, Saito M, Raineki C. Developmental alcohol exposure is exhausting: Sleep and the enduring consequences of alcohol exposure during development. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 158:105567. [PMID: 38309498 PMCID: PMC10923002 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Prenatal alcohol exposure is the leading nongenetic cause of human intellectual impairment. The long-term impacts of prenatal alcohol exposure on health and well-being are diverse, including neuropathology leading to behavioral, cognitive, and emotional impairments. Additionally negative effects also occur on the physiological level, such as the endocrine, cardiovascular, and immune systems. Among these diverse impacts is sleep disruption. In this review, we describe how prenatal alcohol exposure affects sleep, and potential mechanisms of those effects. Furthermore, we outline the evidence that sleep disruption across the lifespan may be a mediator of some cognitive and behavioral impacts of developmental alcohol exposure, and thus may represent a promising target for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald A Wilson
- Emotional Brain Institute, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Regina M Sullivan
- Emotional Brain Institute, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - John F Smiley
- Division of Neurochemistry, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry, New York University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mariko Saito
- Division of Neurochemistry, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry, New York University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Charlis Raineki
- Department of Psychology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada; Centre for Neuroscience, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
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16
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Suzuki M, Shiraishi E, Cronican J, Kimura H. Effects of the orexin receptor 2 agonist danavorexton on emergence from general anaesthesia and opioid-induced sedation, respiratory depression, and analgesia in rats and monkeys. Br J Anaesth 2024; 132:541-552. [PMID: 38296753 DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2023.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Delayed emergence from general anaesthesia, opioid-induced sedation, and opioid-induced respiratory depression is associated with perioperative complications. We characterised the preclinical effects of the orexin receptor 2 (OX2R)-selective agonist danavorexton (TAK-925) on emergence from anaesthesia and reversal of fentanyl-induced sedation, respiratory depression, and analgesia. METHODS Emergence from isoflurane- or propofol-induced anaesthesia and fentanyl-induced sedation were investigated by righting reflex, rotarod, and electroencephalography in rats or monkeys. Fentanyl-induced respiratory depression was assessed by arterial blood gas analysis and whole-body plethysmography in rats and monkeys. Analgesia was evaluated using formalin- and skin incision-induced pain models in rats. RESULTS Danavorexton shortened emergence from isoflurane- or propofol-induced anaesthesia and from fentanyl-induced sedation at 1 (P=0.005), 3 (P=0.006), and 3 mg kg-1 s.c. (P=0.022), respectively, by righting reflex in rats. Danavorexton (10 mg kg-1 s.c.) accelerated recovery from isoflurane-, propofol- and fentanyl-induced motor impairment in separate rotarod tests in rats (P=0.008, P=0.007, P=0.017, respectively), and reversed anaesthesia and fentanyl-induced delta-power increases. Danavorexton shortened emergence (return of righting reflex) from isoflurane- or propofol-induced anaesthesia at 1 (P=0.002) and 3 mg kg-1 (P=0.004), respectively, in cynomolgus monkeys. Danavorexton (10 mg kg-1 s.c.) reversed fentanyl-induced increase in Pco2 (P=0.006), and decrease in Po2 (P=0.015) and pH (P<0.001) in rats, and at 3 mg kg-1 s.c. reversed fentanyl-induced increase in Pco2 (P=0.007), and decrease in Po2 (P=0.013) and SO2 (P=0.036) in monkeys. Danavorexton increased minute volume and tidal volume in fentanyl-treated animals. Danavorexton at ≤10 mg kg-1 s.c. did not compromise fentanyl analgesia in rat formalin- and skin incision-induced pain models. CONCLUSIONS Danavorexton promoted recovery from anaesthesia and fentanyl-induced sedation, and antagonised fentanyl-induced respiratory depression without compromising fentanyl analgesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motohisa Suzuki
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Eri Shiraishi
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - James Cronican
- Neuroscience Therapeutic Area Unit, Takeda Development Centre Americas, Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Haruhide Kimura
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Japan.
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17
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Feigl B, Lewis SJG, Rawashdeh O. Targeting sleep and the circadian system as a novel treatment strategy for Parkinson's disease. J Neurol 2024; 271:1483-1491. [PMID: 37943299 PMCID: PMC10896880 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-023-12073-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing appreciation of the wide range of sleep-wake disturbances that occur frequently in Parkinson's disease. These are known to be associated with a range of motor and non-motor symptoms and significantly impact not only on the quality of life of the patient, but also on their bed partner. The underlying causes for fragmented sleep and daytime somnolence are no doubt multifactorial but there is clear evidence for circadian disruption in Parkinson's disease. This appears to be occurring not only as a result of the neuropathological changes that occur across a distributed neural network, but even down to the cellular level. Such observations indicate that circadian changes may in fact be a driver of neurodegeneration, as well as a cause for some of the sleep-wake symptoms observed in Parkinson's disease. Thus, efforts are now required to evaluate approaches including the prescription of precision medicine to modulate photoreceptor activation ratios that reflect daylight inputs to the circadian pacemaker, the use of small molecules to target clock genes, the manipulation of orexin pathways that could help restore the circadian system, to offer novel symptomatic and novel disease modifying strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrix Feigl
- Centre for Vision and Eye Research, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, 4059, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, 4059, Australia
- Queensland Eye Institute, South Brisbane, QLD, 4101, Australia
| | - Simon J G Lewis
- Parkinson's Disease Research Clinic, Brain and Mind Centre, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia.
| | - Oliver Rawashdeh
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
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18
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Luo J, Chen Y, Tao Y, Xu Y, Yu K, Liu R, Jiang Y, Cai C, Mao Y, Li J, Yang Z, Deng T. Major Depressive Disorder Prediction Based on Sleep-Wake Disorders Symptoms in US Adolescents: A Machine Learning Approach from National Sleep Research Resource. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2024; 17:691-703. [PMID: 38410378 PMCID: PMC10896099 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s453046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background There is substantial evidence from previous studies that abnormalities in sleep parameters associated with depression are demonstrated in almost all stages of sleep architecture. Patients with symptoms of sleep-wake disorders have a much higher risk of developing major depressive disorders (MDD) compared to those without. Objective The aim of the present study is to establish and compare the performance of different machine learning models based on sleep-wake disorder symptoms data and to select the optimal model to interpret the importance of sleep-wake disorder symptoms to predict MDD occurrence in adolescents. Methods We derived data for this work from 2020 to 2021 Assessing Nocturnal Sleep/Wake Effects on Risk of Suicide Phase I Study from National Sleep Research Resource. Using demographic and sleep-wake disorder symptoms data as predictors and the occurrence of MDD measured base on the center for epidemiologic studies depression scale as an outcome, the following six machine learning predictive models were developed: eXtreme Gradient Boosting model (XGBoost), Light Gradient Boosting mode, AdaBoost, Gaussian Naïve Bayes, Complement Naïve Bayes, and multilayer perceptron. The models' performance was assessed using the AUC and other metrics, and the final model's predictor importance ranking was explained. Results XGBoost is the optimal predictive model in comprehensive performance with the AUC of 0.804 in the test set. All sleep-wake disorder symptoms were significantly positively correlated with the occurrence of adolescent MDD. The insomnia severity was the most important predictor compared with the other predictors in this study. Conclusion This machine learning predictive model based on sleep-wake disorder symptoms can help to raise the awareness of risk of symptoms between sleep-wake disorders and MDD in adolescents and improve primary care and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingsong Luo
- School of Nursing, The Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan, 610000, People's Republic of China
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxin Chen
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanmin Tao
- School of Nursing, The Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan, 610000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaxin Xu
- School of Nursing, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200000, People's Republic of China
| | - Kexin Yu
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Ranran Liu
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuchen Jiang
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Cichong Cai
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiyang Mao
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyi Li
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziyi Yang
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Deng
- School of Nursing, The Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan, 610000, People's Republic of China
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19
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Li ZH, Li B, Zhang XY, Zhu JN. Neuropeptides and Their Roles in the Cerebellum. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2332. [PMID: 38397008 PMCID: PMC10889816 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Although more than 30 different types of neuropeptides have been identified in various cell types and circuits of the cerebellum, their unique functions in the cerebellum remain poorly understood. Given the nature of their diffuse distribution, peptidergic systems are generally assumed to exert a modulatory effect on the cerebellum via adaptively tuning neuronal excitability, synaptic transmission, and synaptic plasticity within cerebellar circuits. Moreover, cerebellar neuropeptides have also been revealed to be involved in the neurogenetic and developmental regulation of the developing cerebellum, including survival, migration, differentiation, and maturation of the Purkinje cells and granule cells in the cerebellar cortex. On the other hand, cerebellar neuropeptides hold a critical position in the pathophysiology and pathogenesis of many cerebellar-related motor and psychiatric disorders, such as cerebellar ataxias and autism. Over the past two decades, a growing body of evidence has indicated neuropeptides as potential therapeutic targets to ameliorate these diseases effectively. Therefore, this review focuses on eight cerebellar neuropeptides that have attracted more attention in recent years and have significant potential for clinical application associated with neurodegenerative and/or neuropsychiatric disorders, including brain-derived neurotrophic factor, corticotropin-releasing factor, angiotensin II, neuropeptide Y, orexin, thyrotropin-releasing hormone, oxytocin, and secretin, which may provide novel insights and a framework for our understanding of cerebellar-related disorders and have implications for novel treatments targeting neuropeptide systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Hao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Physiology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; (Z.-H.L.); (J.-N.Z.)
| | - Bin Li
- Women and Children’s Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Xiao-Yang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Physiology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; (Z.-H.L.); (J.-N.Z.)
- Institute for Brain Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jing-Ning Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Physiology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; (Z.-H.L.); (J.-N.Z.)
- Institute for Brain Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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20
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Li HT, Viskaitis P, Bracey E, Peleg-Raibstein D, Burdakov D. Transient targeting of hypothalamic orexin neurons alleviates seizures in a mouse model of epilepsy. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1249. [PMID: 38341419 PMCID: PMC10858876 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45515-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Lateral hypothalamic (LH) hypocretin/orexin neurons (HONs) control brain-wide electrical excitation. Abnormally high excitation produces epileptic seizures, which affect millions of people and need better treatments. HON population activity spikes from minute to minute, but the role of this in seizures is unknown. Here, we describe correlative and causal links between HON activity spikes and seizures. Applying temporally-targeted HON recordings and optogenetic silencing to a male mouse model of acute epilepsy, we found that pre-seizure HON activity predicts and controls the electrophysiology and behavioral pathology of subsequent seizures. No such links were detected for HON activity during seizures. Having thus defined the time window where HONs influence seizures, we targeted it with LH deep brain stimulation (DBS), which inhibited HON population activity, and produced seizure protection. Collectively, these results uncover a feature of brain activity linked to seizures, and demonstrate a proof-of-concept treatment that controls this feature and alleviates epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Tao Li
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology | ETH Zurich, 8603, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
- Section of Epilepsy, Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou Medical Center and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, 333, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Paulius Viskaitis
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology | ETH Zurich, 8603, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Eva Bracey
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology | ETH Zurich, 8603, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Daria Peleg-Raibstein
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology | ETH Zurich, 8603, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Denis Burdakov
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology | ETH Zurich, 8603, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland.
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21
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Tsuneki H, Honda K, Sekine Y, Yahata K, Yasue M, Fujishima M, Takeda R, Wada T, Sasaoka T. C-terminal peptide of preproorexin enhances brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression in rat cerebrocortical cells and recognition memory in mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 964:176306. [PMID: 38145647 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
During the production of orexin A and B from preproorexin, a common precursor protein, in hypothalamic orexin neurons, C-terminal peptide (herein called preproorexin C-peptide) is concomitantly produced via post-translational processing. The predicted three-dimensional structure of preproorexin C-peptide is similar among mammalian species, suggestive of a conserved function in the mammalian brain. However, C-peptide has long been regarded as a non-functional peptide. We herein examined the effects of rat and/or mouse preproorexin C-peptide on gene expression and cell viability in cultured rat cerebrocortical cells and on memory behavior in C57BL/6J mice. Rat and mouse C-peptides both increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor (Bdnf) mRNA levels. Moreover, C-peptide enhanced high K+-, glutamate-, and BDNF-induced increases in Bdnf mRNA levels without affecting forskolin-induced Bdnf expression. H-89, a protein kinase A inhibitor, blocked C-peptide-induced Bdnf expression, whereas rolipram, a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, enhanced this effect. Intracellular cyclic AMP concentrations were elevated by C-peptide. These results demonstrate that preproorexin C-peptide promoted Bdnf mRNA expression by a cyclic AMP-dependent mechanism. Eleven amino acids at the N terminus of rat preproorexin C-peptide exerted similar effects on Bdnf expression as full-length preproorexin C-peptide. Preproorexin C-peptide also exerted protective effects against CoCl2-induced neuronal cell death. An intracerebroventricular injection of mouse preproorexin C-peptide induced c-fos and Bdnf expression in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus and enhanced novel object recognition memory in mice. Collectively, the present results show that preproorexin C-peptide is a functional substance, at least in some pharmacological and neuronal settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Tsuneki
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan; Department of Integrative Pharmacology, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.
| | - Kosuke Honda
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Yurika Sekine
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Koji Yahata
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Moeka Yasue
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Masashi Fujishima
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Ryuta Takeda
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Wada
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Toshiyasu Sasaoka
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.
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22
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Tsuneoka Y, Funato H. Whole Brain Mapping of Orexin Receptor mRNA Expression Visualized by Branched In Situ Hybridization Chain Reaction. eNeuro 2024; 11:ENEURO.0474-23.2024. [PMID: 38199807 PMCID: PMC10883752 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0474-23.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Orexins, which are produced within neurons of the lateral hypothalamic area, play a pivotal role in the regulation of various behaviors, including sleep/wakefulness, reward behavior, and energy metabolism, via orexin receptor type 1 (OX1R) and type 2 (OX2R). Despite the advanced understanding of orexinergic regulation of behavior at the circuit level, the precise distribution of orexin receptors in the brain remains unknown. Here, we develop a new branched in situ hybridization chain reaction (bHCR) technique to visualize multiple target mRNAs in a semiquantitative manner, combined with immunohistochemistry, which provided comprehensive distribution of orexin receptor mRNA and neuron subtypes expressing orexin receptors in mouse brains. Only a limited number of cells expressing both Ox1r and Ox2r were observed in specific brain regions, such as the dorsal raphe nucleus and ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus. In many brain regions, Ox1r-expressing cells and Ox2r-expressing cells belong to different cell types, such as glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons. Moreover, our findings demonstrated considerable heterogeneity in Ox1r- or Ox2r-expressing populations of serotonergic, dopaminergic, noradrenergic, cholinergic, and histaminergic neurons. The majority of orexin neurons did not express orexin receptors. This study provides valuable insights into the mechanism underlying the physiological and behavioral regulation mediated by the orexin system, as well as the development of therapeutic agents targeting orexin receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousuke Tsuneoka
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo 145-854, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Funato
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo 145-854, Japan
- International Institutes for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
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23
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Luan JC, Zhang QJ, Zhou X, Zhou X, Gu Q, Xia JD, Song NH. Orexin receptors in paraventricular nucleus influence sexual behavior via regulating the sympathetic outflow in males. Andrology 2024; 12:198-210. [PMID: 37084406 DOI: 10.1111/andr.13444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Orexins are hypothalamic neuropeptides associated with various neurophysiological activities such as sleep, arousal, and reward. However, there are few studies investigating the relationships between orexin receptors in the paraventricular nucleus and sexual behaviors. OBJECTIVES To explore the roles of orexin receptors in the paraventricular nucleus on sexual behaviors and uncover its potential mechanisms in males. MATERIALS AND METHODS Orexin A, orexin 1 receptor antagonist SB334867, and orexin 2 receptor antagonist TCS-OX2-29 were microinjected into the paraventricular nucleus to investigate the effects of orexin receptors on copulatory behavior testing of C57BL/6 mice. To explore if ejaculation could activate orexin 1 receptor-expressing neurons in the paraventricular nucleus, fluorescence immunohistochemical double staining was utilized. The levels of serum norepinephrine were measured and the lumbar sympathetic nerve activity was recorded to reflect the sympathetic nervous system activity. Moreover, the bulbospongiosus muscle-electromyogram was recorded and analyzed. To test whether perifornical/lateral hypothalamic area orexinergic neurons directly projected to the paraventricular nucleus, virus retrograde tracing technology was utilized. RESULTS Orexin A significantly enhanced sexual performance by shortening the intromission and ejaculation latencies, and increasing the mount and intromission frequencies, while the opposite outcomes appeared with SB334867. However, TCS-OX2-29 had no significant effects on sexual behaviors. Moreover, orexin A increased lumbar sympathetic nerve activity and the levels of serum norepinephrine, while SB334867 decreased lumbar sympathetic nerve activity and norepinephrine, which caused a significant decrease in sympathetic nervous system outflow. Meanwhile, a robust increase in the bulbospongiosus muscle-electromyogram activity was identified after microinjecting orexin A. Furthermore, cFos immunopositive cells were increased and double stained with orexin 1 receptor-expressing neurons in the mating group. Additionally, the retrograde tracing results demonstrated that orexinergic neurons in the perifornical/lateral hypothalamic area directly projected to the paraventricular nucleus. CONCLUSIONS Orexin 1 receptor in the paraventricular nucleus could influence the ejaculatory reflex via mediating the sympathetic nervous system activity, which might be of great importance in the treatment of premature ejaculation in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao-Chen Luan
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qi-Jie Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qi Gu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jia-Dong Xia
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ning-Hong Song
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Kezhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Kezhou, China
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24
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Yamada R, Narita N, Ishikawa T, Kakehi M, Kimura H. The orexin receptor 2 (OX2R)-selective agonist TAK-994 increases wakefulness without affecting cerebrospinal fluid orexin levels in cynomolgus monkeys. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2024; 234:173690. [PMID: 38061670 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2023.173690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/01/2024]
Abstract
Orexin A (OX-A) and orexin B are neuropeptides produced in orexin neurons located in the lateral hypothalamus that exert multiple biological functions through the activation of orexin receptor 1 (OX1R) and orexin receptor 2 (OX2R) throughout the central nervous system. OX1R and OX2R have distinct functions: OX1R is involved in reward seeking, whereas OX2R has a pivotal role in sleep/wake regulation. OX2R-selective agonists are in development as novel therapeutic agents for the treatment of hypersomnia. However, their potential to induce orexin release, which may indirectly stimulate both OX1R and OX2R in vivo, is unclear. Herein, we assessed the effects of the OX2R-selective agonist TAK-994 on wakefulness and orexin release in monkeys. Oral administration of TAK-994 at 10 mg/kg in the beginning of the sleep phase (zeitgeber time [ZT] 12) significantly increased wakefulness time in monkeys but did not increase OX-A levels in monkey cisternal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Moreover, oral administration of TAK-994 (10 mg/kg) during the active phase (ZT1) did not increase OX-A levels in monkey CSF. These findings indicate that the OX2R agonist TAK-994 selectively activates OX2R in vivo and would not robustly induce spontaneous orexin release during the daytime or nighttime in monkeys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuji Yamada
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Naohiro Narita
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Laboratory, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Takashi Ishikawa
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Masaaki Kakehi
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Laboratory, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Haruhide Kimura
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan.
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25
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Xu L, Lin W, Zheng Y, Wang Y, Chen Z. The Diverse Network of Brain Histamine in Feeding: Dissect its Functions in a Circuit-Specific Way. Curr Neuropharmacol 2024; 22:241-259. [PMID: 36424776 PMCID: PMC10788888 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21666221117153755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Feeding is an intrinsic and important behavior regulated by complex molecular, cellular and circuit-level mechanisms, one of which is the brain histaminergic network. In the past decades, many studies have provided a foundation of knowledge about the relationship between feeding and histamine receptors, which are deemed to have therapeutic potential but are not successful in treating feeding- related diseases. Indeed, the histaminergic circuits underlying feeding are poorly understood and characterized. This review describes current knowledge of histamine in feeding at the receptor level. Further, we provide insight into putative histamine-involved feeding circuits based on the classic feeding circuits. Understanding the histaminergic network in a circuit-specific way may be therapeutically relevant for increasing the drug specificity and precise treatment in feeding-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyu Xu
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenkai Lin
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanrong Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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26
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Vincent SM, Madani M, Dikeman D, Golden K, Crocker N, Jackson C, Wimmer SP, Dover M, Tucker A, Ghiani CA, Colwell CS, LeBaron TW, Tarnava A, Paul KN. Hydrogen-rich water improves sleep consolidation and enhances forebrain neuronal activation in mice. SLEEP ADVANCES : A JOURNAL OF THE SLEEP RESEARCH SOCIETY 2023; 5:zpad057. [PMID: 38264142 PMCID: PMC10803172 DOI: 10.1093/sleepadvances/zpad057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Study Objectives Sleep loss contributes to various health issues and impairs neurological function. Molecular hydrogen has recently gained popularity as a nontoxic ergogenic and health promoter. The effect of molecular hydrogen on sleep and sleep-related neural systems remains unexplored. This study investigates the impact of hydrogen-rich water (HRW) on sleep behavior and neuronal activation in sleep-deprived mice. Methods Adult C57BL/6J mice were implanted with electroencephalography (EEG) and electromyography (EMG) recording electrodes and given HRW (0.7-1.4 mM) or regular water for 7 days ad libitum. Sleep-wake cycles were recorded under baseline conditions and after acute sleep loss. Neuronal activation in sleep- and wake-related regions was assessed using cFos immunostaining. Results HRW increased sleep consolidation in undisturbed mice and increased non-rapid-eye movement and rapid-eye-movement sleep amount in sleep-deprived mice. HRW also decreased the average amount of time for mice to fall asleep after light onset. Neuronal activation in the lateral septum, medial septum, ventrolateral preoptic area, and median preoptic area was significantly altered in all mice treated with HRW. Conclusions HRW improves sleep consolidation and increases neuronal activation in sleep-related brain regions. It may serve as a simple, effective treatment to improve recovery after sleep loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott M Vincent
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Melika Madani
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Dante Dikeman
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kyle Golden
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Naomi Crocker
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Cameron Jackson
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sam P Wimmer
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mary Dover
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alexis Tucker
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Cristina A Ghiani
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christopher S Colwell
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tyler W LeBaron
- Department of Kinesiology and Outdoor Recreation, Southern Utah University, Cedar City, UT, USA
- Molecular Hydrogen Institute, Enoch, UT, USA
| | - Alex Tarnava
- Natural Wellness Now Health Products Inc, Maple ridge, BC, Canada
| | - Ketema N Paul
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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27
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Bao H, Peng Z, Cheng X, Jian C, Li X, Shi Y, Zhu W, Hu Y, Jiang M, Song J, Fang F, Chen J, Shu X. GABA induced by sleep deprivation promotes the proliferation and migration of colon tumors through miR-223-3p endogenous pathway and exosome pathway. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2023; 42:344. [PMID: 38105184 PMCID: PMC10726571 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-023-02921-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research has indicated that long-term sleep deprivation can lead to immune dysfunction and participate in the occurance and progression of tumors. However, the relationship between sleep deprivation and colon cancer remains unclear. This study explored the specific mechanism through which sleep deprivation promotes the proliferation and migration of colon cancer, with a focus on the neurotransmitter GABA. METHODS Chronic sleep deprivation mice model were used to investigate the effect of sleep disorder on tumors. We detected neurotransmitter levels in the peripheral blood of mice using ELISA. CCK-8 assay, colony formation assay, wound healing assay, and transwell assay were performed to investigate the effect of GABA on colon cancer cells, while immunofluorescence showed the distribution of macrophages in lung metastatic tissues. We isolated exosomes from a GABA-induced culture medium to explore the effects of GABA-induced colon cancer cells on macrophages. Gain- and loss-of-function experiments, luciferase report analysis, immunohistochemistry, and cytokine detection were performed to reveal the crosstalk between colon cancer cells and macrophages. RESULTS Sleep deprivation promote peripheral blood GABA level and colon cancer cell proliferation and migration. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed that GABA-induced colon cancer metastasis is associated with enhanced recruitment of macrophages in the lungs. The co-culture results showed that GABA intensified M2 polarization of macrophage induced by colon cancer cells. This effect is due to the activation of the macrophage MAPK pathway by tumor-derived exosomal miR-223-3p. Furthermore, M2-like macrophages promote tumor proliferation and migration by secreting IL-17. We also identified an endogenous miR-223-3p downregulation of the E3 ligase CBLB, which enhances the stability of cMYC protein and augments colon cancer cells proliferation and migration ability. Notably, cMYC acts as a transcription factor and can also regulate the expression of miR-223-3p. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that sleep deprivation can promote the expression of miR-223-3p in colon cancer cells through GABA, leading to downregulation of the E3 ligase CBLB and inhibition of cMYC ubiquitination. Simultaneously, extracellular miR-223-3p promotes M2-like macrophage polarization, which leads to the secretion of IL-17, further enhancing the proliferation and migration of colon cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijun Bao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, , Jiefang Road No,1277, Hubei, 430022, Wuhan, China
| | - Zuojie Peng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, , Jiefang Road No,1277, Hubei, 430022, Wuhan, China
| | - Xukai Cheng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, , Jiefang Road No,1277, Hubei, 430022, Wuhan, China
| | - Chenxing Jian
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Putian University, Putian, 351100, Fujian, China
| | - Xianguo Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, , Jiefang Road No,1277, Hubei, 430022, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongping Shi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, , Jiefang Road No,1277, Hubei, 430022, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenzhong Zhu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, , Jiefang Road No,1277, Hubei, 430022, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan Hu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, , Jiefang Road No,1277, Hubei, 430022, Wuhan, China
| | - Mi Jiang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, , Jiefang Road No,1277, Hubei, 430022, Wuhan, China
| | - Jia Song
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, , Jiefang Road No,1277, Hubei, 430022, Wuhan, China
| | - Feifei Fang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, , Jiefang Road No,1277, Hubei, 430022, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinhuang Chen
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Road No,1277, Hubei, 430022, Wuhan, China.
| | - Xiaogang Shu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, , Jiefang Road No,1277, Hubei, 430022, Wuhan, China.
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Muehlan C, Roch C, Vaillant C, Dingemanse J. The orexin story and orexin receptor antagonists for the treatment of insomnia. J Sleep Res 2023; 32:e13902. [PMID: 37086045 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
Insomnia is present in up to one third of the adult population worldwide, and it can present independently or with other medical conditions such as mental, metabolic, or cardiovascular diseases, which highlights the importance of treating this multifaceted disorder. Insomnia is associated with an abnormal state of hyperarousal (increased somatic, cognitive, and cortical activation) and orexin has been identified as a key promotor of arousal and vigilance. The current standards of care for the treatment of insomnia recommend non-pharmacological interventions (cognitive behavioural therapy) as first-line treatment and, if behavioural interventions are not effective or available, pharmacotherapy. In contrast to most sleep medications used for decades (benzodiazepines and 'Z-drugs'), the new orexin receptor antagonists do not modulate the activity of γ-aminobutyric acid receptors, the main inhibitory mechanism of the central nervous system. Instead, they temporarily block the orexin pathway, causing a different pattern of effects, e.g., less morning or next-day effects, motor dyscoordination, and cognitive impairment. The pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic properties of these drugs are the basis of the different characteristics explained in the package inserts, including the recommended starting dose. Orexin receptor antagonists seem to be devoid of any dependence and tolerance-inducing effects, rendering them a viable option for longer-term treatment. Safety studies did not show exacerbation of existing respiratory problems, but more real-world safety and pharmacovigilance experience is needed. This review provides an overview of the orexin history, the mechanism of action, the relation to insomnia, and key features of available drugs mediating orexin signalling.
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Steiner MA, Toeroek-Schafroth M, Giusepponi ME, Dacome L, Tessari M. Abuse potential assessment of the dual orexin receptor antagonist daridorexant in rats. J Psychopharmacol 2023; 37:1249-1260. [PMID: 38059356 PMCID: PMC10714714 DOI: 10.1177/02698811231215415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drugs that act on the central nervous system (CNS) and have sedative effects can lead to abuse in humans. New CNS-active drugs often require evaluation of their abuse potential in dedicated animal models before marketing approval. Daridorexant is a new dual orexin receptor antagonist (DORA) with sleep-promoting properties in animals and humans. It was approved in 2022 in the United States and Europe for the treatment of insomnia disorder. AIMS Nonclinical evaluation of abuse potential of daridorexant using three specific rat models assessing reinforcement, interoception, and withdrawal. METHODS Reinforcing effects of daridorexant were assessed in an operant rat model of intravenous drug self-administration. Similarity of interoceptive effects to those of the commonly used sleep medication zolpidem was tested in an operant drug discrimination task. Withdrawal signs indicative of physical dependence were evaluated upon sudden termination of chronic daridorexant treatment. Rat experiments were conducted at a dose range resulting in daridorexant plasma concentrations equaling or exceeding those achieved at the clinically recommended dose of 50 mg in humans. RESULTS Daridorexant had no reinforcing effects, was dissimilar to zolpidem in the drug discrimination task, and did not induce any withdrawal-related signs upon treatment discontinuation that would be indicative of physical dependence. OUTCOMES Daridorexant showed no signs of abuse or dependence potential in rats. Our data indicate that daridorexant, like other DORAs, has a low potential for abuse in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Toeroek-Schafroth
- Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Allschwil, Switzerland
- Current affiliation: Galapagos GmbH, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Lisa Dacome
- Aptuit Srl, An Evotec Company, Verona, Italy
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Jin Y. Causal relationship between narcolepsy and depression: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study. J Psychosom Res 2023; 175:111517. [PMID: 37832275 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2023.111517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE While numerous studies have highlighted an increased prevalence of depression in individuals with narcolepsy, their conclusions are often clouded by potential confounding factors, leaving the causal relationship uncertain. This study posits that narcolepsy might heighten the risk of depression and employs a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis to investigate this hypothesis. METHODS Summary statistics were obtained from genome-wide association studies databases and performed a two-sample MR analysis. The inverse-variance weighted method was employed as the primary approach to evaluate causality. Additionally, supplementary methods were conducted, including MR-Egger, simple median, maximum likelihood, weighted median, penalized weighted median, and weighted mode, to complement the IVW results. Finally, sensitivity analyses were undertaken to assess heterogeneity, horizontal pleiotropy, and stability of the results. RESULTS The inverse-variance weighted analysis revealed an odds ratio of 1.055 with a 95% confidence interval of 1.015 to 1.097, indicating a significant positive association between narcolepsy and depression. Although significant heterogeneity was observed (Q = 56.22, p = 0.0005), no evidence of horizontal pleiotropy was detected (intercept = -0.00027, p = 0.69). Results from the additional methods were in agreement with those obtained from the inverse-variance weighted analysis. The reverse causality of depression on narcolepsy was not detected (p = 0.11). CONCLUSION This study suggests a potential causal association between narcolepsy and depression. While the findings offer insights into this relationship, they should be interpreted with caution, especially considering the limitations of the data. Further research is needed to better understand the underlying mechanisms and to explore potential interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Jin
- The Second Clinical School, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
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31
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Koyama Y. The role of orexinergic system in the regulation of cataplexy. Peptides 2023; 169:171080. [PMID: 37598758 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2023.171080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Loss of orexin/hypocretin causes serious sleep disorder; narcolepsy. Cataplexy is the most striking symptom of narcolepsy, characterized by abrupt muscle paralysis induced by emotional stimuli, and has been considered pathological activation of REM sleep atonia system. Clinical treatments for cataplexy/narcolepsy and early pharmacological studies in narcoleptic dogs tell us about the involvement of monoaminergic and cholinergic systems in the control of cataplexy/narcolepsy. Muscle atonia may be induced by activation of REM sleep-atonia generating system in the brainstem. Emotional stimuli may be processed in the limbic systems including the amygdala, nucleus accumbens, and medial prefrontal cortex. It is now considered that orexin/hypocretin prevents cataplexy by modulating the activity of different points of cataplexy-inducing circuit, including monoaminergic/cholinergic systems, muscle atonia-generating systems, and emotion-related systems. This review will describe the recent advances in understanding the neural mechanisms controlling cataplexy, with a focus on the involvement of orexin/hypocretin system, and will discuss future experimental strategies that will lead to further understanding and treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimasa Koyama
- Faculty of Symbiotic Systems Science, Fukushima University, 1 Kanaya-gawa, Fukushima 960-1296, Japan..
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32
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Cohen H, Matar MA, Todder D, Cohen C, Zohar J, Hawlena H, Abramsky Z. Sounds of danger and post-traumatic stress responses in wild rodents: ecological validity of a translational model of post-traumatic stress disorder. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:4719-4728. [PMID: 37674017 PMCID: PMC10914612 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02240-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
In the wild, animals face a highly variable world full of predators. Most predator attacks are unsuccessful, and the prey survives. According to the conventional perspective, the fear responses elicited by predators are acute and transient in nature. However, the long-term, non-lethal effects of predator exposure on prey behavioral stress sequelae, such as anxiety and post-traumatic symptoms, remain poorly understood. Most experiments on animal models of anxiety-related behavior or post-traumatic stress disorder have been carried out using commercial strains of rats and mice. A fundamental question is whether laboratory rodents appropriately express the behavioral responses of wild species in their natural environment; in other words, whether behavioral responses to stress observed in the laboratory can be generalized to natural behavior. To further elucidate the relative contributions of the natural selection pressures influences, this study investigated the bio-behavioral and morphological effects of auditory predator cues (owl territorial calls) in males and females of three wild rodent species in a laboratory set-up: Acomys cahirinus; Gerbillus henleyi; and Gerbillus gerbillus. Our results indicate that owl territorial calls elicited not only "fight or flight" behavioral responses but caused PTSD-like behavioral responses in wild rodents that have never encountered owls in nature and could cause, in some individuals, enduring physiological and morphological responses that parallel those seen in laboratory rodents or traumatized people. In all rodent species, the PTSD phenotype was characterized by a blunting of fecal cortisol metabolite response early after exposure and by a lower hypothalamic orexin-A level and lower total dendritic length and number in the dentate gyrus granule cells eight days after predator exposure. Phenotypically, this refers to a significant functional impairment that could affect reproduction and survival and thus fitness and population dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hagit Cohen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel & Ministry of Health, Anxiety and Stress Research Unit, Beer-Sheva Mental Health Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
- Department of Psychology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
| | - Michael A Matar
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel & Ministry of Health, Anxiety and Stress Research Unit, Beer-Sheva Mental Health Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Doron Todder
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel & Ministry of Health, Anxiety and Stress Research Unit, Beer-Sheva Mental Health Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Carmit Cohen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel & Ministry of Health, Anxiety and Stress Research Unit, Beer-Sheva Mental Health Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Joseph Zohar
- Post-Trauma Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 52621, Israel
| | - Hadas Hawlena
- Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion Israel, Sde Boker, 8499000, Israel
| | - Zvika Abramsky
- Department of Life Sciences and Ramon Science Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel
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Kambe D, Hasegawa S, Imadera Y, Mano Y, Matsushita I, Konno Y, Ogo H, Uchimura N, Uchiyama M. Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and safety profile of the dual orexin receptor antagonist vornorexant/TS-142 in healthy Japanese participants following single/multiple dosing: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase-1 studies. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2023; 133:576-591. [PMID: 37563858 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
The pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and safety profile of vornorexant were investigated in healthy Japanese participants in three double-blind studies: a single ascending dose of 1-30 mg (Study 101; n = 6) and multiple ascending doses of 10-30 mg (Study 102; n = 6). Study 202 consisted of two steps: an open-label, 20 mg repeated-dose in non-elderly individuals (Step 1; n = 12) and a double-blind, 20 mg repeated-dose in elderly individuals (Step 2; n = 8/3 for vornorexant/placebo). Vornorexant was rapidly absorbed and eliminated under fasting conditions, with a time to maximum plasma concentration of 0.500-3.00 h (range) and elimination half-life of 1.32-3.25 h. The area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) of vornorexant increased proportionally with dose increments. Sleepiness-related pharmacodynamic outcome changes (Karolinska sleepiness scale, digit symbol substitution test and psychomotor vigilance task) were generally increased with dose increments at 1 and 4 h post-dose, whereas no consistent dose-related changes were detected the next morning. Food intake did not affect the maximum observed plasma concentration of vornorexant but increased the AUC0-inf . Exposure in elderly individuals was generally comparable to that in non-elderly individuals. Altogether, vornorexant may have a favourable profile for insomnia treatment, including rapid onset of action and minimal next-day residual effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiji Kambe
- Development Headquarters, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Toshima, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sayaka Hasegawa
- Development Headquarters, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Toshima, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yumiko Imadera
- Development Headquarters, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Toshima, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoko Mano
- Development Headquarters, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Toshima, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Isao Matsushita
- Development Headquarters, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Toshima, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Konno
- Research Headquarters, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kita, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hiroki Ogo
- Development Headquarters, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Toshima, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naohisa Uchimura
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Makoto Uchiyama
- Department of Psychiatry, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi, Tokyo, Japan
- Tokyoadachi Hospital, Adachi, Tokyo, Japan
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34
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Rong J, Yamasaki T, Li Y, Kumata K, Zhao C, Haider A, Chen J, Xiao Z, Fujinaga M, Hu K, Mori W, Zhang Y, Xie L, Zhou X, Collier TL, Zhang MR, Liang S. Development of Novel 11C-Labeled Selective Orexin-2 Receptor Radioligands for Positron Emission Tomography Imaging. ACS Med Chem Lett 2023; 14:1419-1426. [PMID: 37849554 PMCID: PMC10577698 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.3c00320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Orexin 2 receptors (OX2R) represent a vital subtype of orexin receptors intricately involved in the regulation of wakefulness, arousal, and sleep-wake cycles. Despite their importance, there are currently no positron emission tomography (PET) tracers available for imaging the OX2R in vivo. Herein, we report [11C]1 ([11C]OX2-2201) and [11C]2 ([11C]OX2-2202) as novel PET ligands. Both compounds 1 (Ki = 3.6 nM) and 2 (Ki = 2.2 nM) have excellent binding affinity activities toward OX2R and target selectivity (OX2/OX1 > 600 folds). In vitro autoradiography in the rat brain suggested good to excellent in vitro binding specificity for [11C]1 and [11C]2. PET imaging in rat brains indicated that the low brain uptake of [11C]2 may be due to P-glycoprotein and/or breast cancer resistance protein efflux interaction and/or low passive permeability. Continuous effort in medicinal chemistry optimization is necessary to improve the brain permeability of this scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Rong
- Department
of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory
University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
- Division
of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital
and Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical
School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Tomoteru Yamasaki
- Department
of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, Institute for Quantum Medical
Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum
Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Yinlong Li
- Department
of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory
University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
- Division
of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital
and Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical
School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Katsushi Kumata
- Department
of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, Institute for Quantum Medical
Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum
Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Chunyu Zhao
- Department
of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory
University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
- Division
of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital
and Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical
School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Ahmed Haider
- Department
of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory
University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
- Division
of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital
and Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical
School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Jiahui Chen
- Department
of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory
University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
- Division
of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital
and Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical
School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Zhiwei Xiao
- Department
of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory
University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
- Division
of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital
and Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical
School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Masayuki Fujinaga
- Department
of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, Institute for Quantum Medical
Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum
Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Kuan Hu
- Department
of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, Institute for Quantum Medical
Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum
Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Wakana Mori
- Department
of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, Institute for Quantum Medical
Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum
Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Yiding Zhang
- Department
of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, Institute for Quantum Medical
Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum
Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Lin Xie
- Department
of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, Institute for Quantum Medical
Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum
Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department
of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory
University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Thomas L. Collier
- Department
of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory
University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
- Division
of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital
and Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical
School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Ming-Rong Zhang
- Department
of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, Institute for Quantum Medical
Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum
Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Steven Liang
- Department
of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory
University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
- Division
of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital
and Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical
School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
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Horikoshi S, Miura I, Suzuki Y, Kobayashi Y, Hirata Y, Goto M, Ichinose M, Yamamoto S, Kanno-Nozaki K, Watanabe K, Yabe H. Switching to lemborexant for the management of insomnia in mental disorders: the SLIM study. J Clin Sleep Med 2023; 19:1753-1758. [PMID: 37243798 PMCID: PMC10545988 DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.10668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES We conducted a retrospective study to investigate the efficacy and safety of switching from other hypnotics, including benzodiazepines and Z-drugs, suvorexant, ramelteon, mirtazapine, trazodone, and antipsychotics, to lemborexant, a dual orexin receptor antagonist, for 3 months. METHODS Clinical data obtained from the medical records of 61 patients treated at the Horikoshi Psychosomatic Clinic between December 2020 and February 2022 were analyzed, including the Athens Insomnia Scale, Epworth Sleepiness Scale, and Perceived Deficits Questionnaire-5. The primary outcome was the mean change in Athens Insomnia Scale score after 3 months. Secondary outcomes were the mean changes in the Epworth Sleepiness Scale and Perceived Deficits Questionnaire-5 scores over 3 months. We also compared pre- and post-diazepam equivalents. RESULTS The mean Athens Insomnia Scale score decreased over 3 months after switching to lemborexant (1 mo: -2.98 ± 5.19, P < .001; 2 mo: -3.20 ± 5.64, P < .001; 3 mo: -3.38 ± 5.61, P < .001). Mean Epworth Sleepiness Scale score did not change from baseline to 1 month (-0.49 ± 3.41, P = 0.27), 2 months (0.082 ± 4.62, P = .89), or 3 months (-0.64 ± 4.80, P = .30). Mean Perceived Deficits Questionnaire-5 score did improve from baseline to 1 month (-1.17 ± 2.47, P = .004), 2 months (-1.05 ± 2.97, P = .029), and 3 months (-1.24 ± 3.06, P = .013). There was also a reduction in the total diazepam equivalent (baseline vs 3 mo: 14.0 ± 20.2 vs 11.3 ± 20.6, P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Our study showed that, by switching to lemborexant from other hypnotics, the risks associated with benzodiazepines and Z-drugs may be reduced. CITATION Horikoshi S, Miura I, Suzuki Y, et al. Switching to lemborexant for the management of insomnia in mental disorders: the SLIM study. J Clin Sleep Med. 2023;19(10):1753-1758.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Horikoshi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Horikoshi Psychosomatic Clinic, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Itaru Miura
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yuhei Suzuki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yuri Kobayashi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Hirata
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Masayuki Goto
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Mizue Ichinose
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Shinnosuke Yamamoto
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Keiko Kanno-Nozaki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Kenya Watanabe
- Department of Pharmacy, Fukushima Medical University School, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hirooki Yabe
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
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36
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Somach RT, Jean ID, Farrugia AM, Cohen AS. Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Affects Orexin/Hypocretin Physiology Differently in Male and Female Mice. J Neurotrauma 2023; 40:2146-2163. [PMID: 37476962 PMCID: PMC10701510 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2023.0125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is known to affect the physiology of neural circuits in several brain regions, which can contribute to behavioral changes after injury. Disordered sleep is a behavior that is often seen after TBI, but there is little research into how injury affects the circuitry that contributes to disrupted sleep regulation. Orexin/hypocretin neurons (hereafter referred to as orexin neurons) located in the lateral hypothalamus normally stabilize wakefulness in healthy animals and have been suggested as a source of dysregulated sleep behavior. Despite this, few studies have examined how TBI affects orexin neuron circuitry. Further, almost no animal studies of orexin neurons after TBI have included female animals. Here, we address these gaps by studying changes to orexin physiology using ex vivo acute brain slices and whole-cell patch clamp recording. We hypothesized that orexin neurons would have reduced afferent excitatory activity after injury. Ultimately, this hypothesis was supported but there were additional physiological changes that occurred that we did not originally hypothesize. We studied physiological properties in orexin neurons approximately 1 week after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) in 6-8-week-old male and female mice. mTBI was performed with a lateral fluid percussion injury between 1.4 and 1.6 atmospheres. Mild TBI increased the size of action potential afterhyperpolarization in orexin neurons from female mice, but not male mice and reduced the action potential threshold in male mice, but not in female mice. Mild TBI reduced afferent excitatory activity and increased afferent inhibitory activity onto orexin neurons. Alterations in afferent excitatory activity occurred in different parameters in male and female animals. The increased afferent inhibitory activity after injury is more pronounced in recordings from female animals. Our results indicate that mTBI changes the physiology of orexin neuron circuitry and that these changes are not the same in male and female animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca T. Somach
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ian D. Jean
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Anthony M. Farrugia
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Akiva S. Cohen
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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37
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Peleg-Raibstein D, Viskaitis P, Burdakov D. Eat, seek, rest? An orexin/hypocretin perspective. J Neuroendocrinol 2023; 35:e13259. [PMID: 36994677 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
Seeking and ingesting nutrients is an essential cycle of life in all species. In classical neuropsychology these two behaviours are viewed as fundamentally distinct from each other, and known as appetitive and consummatory, respectively. Appetitive behaviour is highly flexible and diverse, but typically involves increased locomotion and spatial exploration. Consummatory behaviour, in contrast, typically requires reduced locomotion. Another long-standing concept is "rest and digest", a hypolocomotive response to calorie intake, thought to facilitate digestion and storage of energy after eating. Here, we note that the classical seek➔ingest➔rest behavioural sequence is not evolutionarily advantageous for all ingested nutrients. Our limited stomach capacity should be invested wisely, rather than spent on the first available nutrient. This is because nutrients are not simply calories: some nutrients are more essential for survival than others. Thus, a key choice that needs to be made soon after ingestion: to eat more and rest, or to terminate eating and search for better food. We offer a perspective on recent work suggesting how nutrient-specific neural responses shape this choice. Specifically, the hypothalamic hypocretin/orexin neurons (HONs) - cells that promote hyperlocomotive explorative behaviours - are rapidly and differentially modulated by different ingested macronutrients. Dietary non-essential (but not essential) amino acids activate HONs, while glucose depresses HONs. This nutrient-specific HON modulation engages distinct reflex arcs, seek➔ingest➔seek and seek➔ingest➔rest, respectively. We propose that these nutri-neural reflexes evolved to facilitate optimal nutrition despite the limitations of our body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Peleg-Raibstein
- ETH Zürich, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Schorenstrasse 16, 8603 Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Paulius Viskaitis
- ETH Zürich, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Schorenstrasse 16, 8603 Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Denis Burdakov
- ETH Zürich, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Schorenstrasse 16, 8603 Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
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38
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Bouâouda H, Jha PK. Orexin and MCH neurons: regulators of sleep and metabolism. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1230428. [PMID: 37674517 PMCID: PMC10478345 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1230428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep-wake and fasting-feeding are tightly coupled behavioral states that require coordination between several brain regions. The mammalian lateral hypothalamus (LH) is a functionally and anatomically complex brain region harboring heterogeneous cell populations that regulate sleep, feeding, and energy metabolism. Significant attempts were made to understand the cellular and circuit bases of LH actions. Rapid advancements in genetic and electrophysiological manipulation help to understand the role of discrete LH cell populations. The opposing action of LH orexin/hypocretin and melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) neurons on metabolic sensing and sleep-wake regulation make them the candidate to explore in detail. This review surveys the molecular, genetic, and neuronal components of orexin and MCH signaling in the regulation of sleep and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan Bouâouda
- Pharmacology Institute, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pawan Kumar Jha
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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39
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Berteotti C, Calvello C, Liguori C. Role of the orexin system in the bidirectional relation between sleep and epilepsy: New chances for patients with epilepsy by the antagonism to orexin receptors? Epilepsia 2023; 64:1991-2005. [PMID: 37212716 DOI: 10.1111/epi.17661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder, affecting patients of all ages, reducing the quality of life, and associated with several comorbidities. Sleep impairment is a frequent condition in patients with epilepsy (PWE), and the relation between sleep and epilepsy has been considered bidirectional, as one can significantly influence the other, and vice versa. The orexin system was described more than 20 years ago and is implicated in several neurobiological functions other than in controlling the sleep-wake cycle. Considering the relation between epilepsy and sleep, and the significant contribution of the orexin system in regulating the sleep-wake cycle, it is conceivable that the orexin system may be affected in PWE. Preclinical studies investigated the impact of the orexin system on epileptogenesis and the effect of orexin antagonism on seizures in animal models. Conversely, clinical studies are few and propose heterogeneous results also considering the different methodological approaches to orexin levels quantification (cerebrospinal-fluid or blood samples). Because orexin system activity can be modulated by sleep, and considering the sleep impairment documented in PWE, the recently approved dual orexin receptor antagonists (DORAs) have been suggested for treating sleep impairment and insomnia in PWE. Accordingly, sleep improvement can be a therapeutic strategy for reducing seizures and better managing epilepsy. The present review analyzes the preclinical and clinical evidence linking the orexin system to epilepsy, and hypothesizes a model in which the antagonism to the orexin system by DORAs can improve epilepsy by both a direct and a sleep-mediated (indirect) effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Berteotti
- Physiological Regulation in Sleeping Mice Lab, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Carmen Calvello
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Liguori
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Epilepsy Center, Neurology Unit, University Hospital Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Sleep Medicine Center, Neurology Unit, University Hospital Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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40
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Saitoh T, Sakurai T. The Present and Future of Synthetic Orexin Receptor Agonists. Peptides 2023:171051. [PMID: 37422012 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2023.171051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
The neuropeptide orexin/hypocretin plays a crucial role in various physiological processes, including the regulation of sleep/wakefulness, appetite, emotion and the reward system. Dysregulation of orexin signaling has been implicated in hypersomnia, especially in narcolepsy, which is a chronic neurological disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), sudden loss of muscle tone while awake (cataplexy), sleep paralysis, and hallucinations. Small-molecule orexin receptor agonists have emerged as promising therapeutics for these disorders, and significant progress has been made in this field in the past decade. This review summarizes recent advances in the design and synthesis of orexin receptor agonists, with a focus on peptidic and small-molecule OX2R-selective, dual, and OX1R-selective agonists. The review discusses the key structural features and pharmacological properties of these agonists, as well as their potential therapeutic applications. DATA AVAILABILITY: No data was used for the research described in the article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Saitoh
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan; International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (IIIS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Takeshi Sakurai
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan; International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (IIIS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
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41
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Lawson K. What is the progress of experimental drug development for fibromyalgia? Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2023; 32:563-565. [PMID: 37357750 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2023.2230118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kim Lawson
- Department of Biosciences and Chemistry, Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, College of Health, Wellbeing & Life Sciences, Sheffield, UK
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42
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Kishi A, Van Dongen HPA. Phenotypic Interindividual Differences in the Dynamic Structure of Sleep in Healthy Young Adults. Nat Sci Sleep 2023; 15:465-476. [PMID: 37388963 PMCID: PMC10305769 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s392038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Evaluating the dynamic structure of sleep may yield new insights into the mechanisms underlying human sleep physiology. Methods We analyzed data from a 12-day, 11-night, strictly controlled laboratory study with an adaptation night, 3 iterations of a baseline night followed by a recovery night after 36 h of total sleep deprivation, and a final recovery night. All sleep opportunities were 12 h in duration (22:00-10:00) and recorded with polysomnography (PSG). The PSG records were scored for the sleep stages: rapid eye movement (REM) sleep; non-REM (NREM) stage 1 sleep (S1), stage 2 sleep (S2), and slow wave sleep (SWS); and wake (W). Phenotypic interindividual differences were assessed using indices of dynamic sleep structure - specifically sleep stage transitions and sleep cycle characteristics - and intraclass correlation coefficients across nights. Results NREM/REM sleep cycles and sleep stage transitions exhibited substantial and stable interindividual differences that were robust across baseline and recovery nights, suggesting that mechanisms underlying the dynamic structure of sleep are phenotypic. In addition, the dynamics of sleep stage transitions were found to be associated with sleep cycle characteristics, with a significant relationship between the length of sleep cycles and the degree to which S2-to-W/S1 and S2-to-SWS transitions were in equilibrium. Discussion Our findings are consistent with a model for the underlying mechanisms that involves three subsystems - characterized by S2-to-W/S1, S2-to-SWS, and S2-to-REM transitions - with S2 playing a hub-like role. Furthermore, the balance between the two subsystems within NREM sleep (S2-to-W/S1 and S2-to-SWS) may serve as a basis for the dynamic regulation of sleep structure and may represent a novel target for interventions aiming to improve sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akifumi Kishi
- Graduate School of Education, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency, PRESTO, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hans P A Van Dongen
- Sleep and Performance Research Center, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
- Department of Translational Medicine and Physiology, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
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43
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Grujic N, Tesmer A, Bracey E, Peleg-Raibstein D, Burdakov D. Control and coding of pupil size by hypothalamic orexin neurons. Nat Neurosci 2023:10.1038/s41593-023-01365-w. [PMID: 37336973 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-023-01365-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Brain orexin (hypocretin) neurons are implicated in sleep-wake switching and reward-seeking but their roles in rapid arousal dynamics and reward perception are unclear. Here, cell-specific stimulation, deletion and in vivo recordings revealed strong correlative and causal links between pupil dilation-a quantitative arousal marker-and orexin cell activity. Coding of arousal and reward was distributed across orexin cells, indicating that they specialize in rapid, multiplexed communication of momentary arousal and reward states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikola Grujic
- Neurobehavioural Dynamics Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Tesmer
- Neurobehavioural Dynamics Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Ed Bracey
- Neurobehavioural Dynamics Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Daria Peleg-Raibstein
- Neurobehavioural Dynamics Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Denis Burdakov
- Neurobehavioural Dynamics Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland.
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44
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St-Onge MP, Cherta-Murillo A, Darimont C, Mantantzis K, Martin FP, Owen L. The interrelationship between sleep, diet, and glucose metabolism. Sleep Med Rev 2023; 69:101788. [PMID: 37156196 PMCID: PMC10247426 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2023.101788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are increasingly common worldwide. While these disorders have increased in prevalence over the past several decades, there has been a concomitant reduction in sleep duration. Short sleep duration has been associated with higher rates of obesity and T2D, and the causality of these associations and their directionality, continue to necessitate evaluation. In this review we consider the evidence that sleep is an intrinsic factor in the development of obesity and chronic metabolic disorders, such as insulin resistance and T2D, while evaluating a potential bi-directional association. We consider the evidence that diet and meal composition, which are known to impact glycemic control, may have both chronic and acute impact upon sleep. Moreover, we consider that postprandial nocturnal metabolism and peripheral glycemia may affect sleep quality. We propose putative mechanisms whereby acute effects of nighttime glucose excursions may lead to increased sleep fragmentation. We conclude that dietary manipulations, particularly with respect to carbohydrate quality, may confer sleep benefits. Future research may seek to evaluate the effectiveness of synergistic nutrient strategies to promote sleep quality, with particular attention to carbohydrate quality, quantity, and availability as well as carbohydrate to protein ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Pierre St-Onge
- Division of General Medicine and Center of Excellence for Sleep & Circadian Research, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | | | - Christian Darimont
- Nestlé Research, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Lauren Owen
- Nestlé Research, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Lausanne, Switzerland
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45
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Prokofeva K, Saito YC, Niwa Y, Mizuno S, Takahashi S, Hirano A, Sakurai T. Structure and Function of Neuronal Circuits Linking Ventrolateral Preoptic Nucleus and Lateral Hypothalamic Area. J Neurosci 2023; 43:4075-4092. [PMID: 37117013 PMCID: PMC10255079 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1913-22.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
To understand how sleep-wakefulness cycles are regulated, it is essential to disentangle structural and functional relationships between the preoptic area (POA) and lateral hypothalamic area (LHA), since these regions play important yet opposing roles in the sleep-wakefulness regulation. GABA- and galanin (GAL)-producing neurons in the ventrolateral preoptic nucleus (VLPO) of the POA (VLPOGABA and VLPOGAL neurons) are responsible for the maintenance of sleep, while the LHA contains orexin-producing neurons (orexin neurons) that are crucial for maintenance of wakefulness. Through the use of rabies virus-mediated neural tracing combined with in situ hybridization (ISH) in male and female orexin-iCre mice, we revealed that the vesicular GABA transporter (Vgat, Slc32a1)- and galanin (Gal)-expressing neurons in the VLPO directly synapse with orexin neurons in the LHA. A majority (56.3 ± 8.1%) of all VLPO input neurons connecting to orexin neurons were double-positive for Vgat and Gal Using projection-specific rabies virus-mediated tracing in male and female Vgat-ires-Cre and Gal-Cre mice, we discovered that VLPOGABA and VLPOGAL neurons that send projections to the LHA received innervations from similarly distributed input neurons in many brain regions, with the POA and LHA being among the main upstream areas. Additionally, we found that acute optogenetic excitation of axons of VLPOGABA neurons, but not VLPOGAL neurons, in the LHA of male Vgat-ires-Cre mice induced wakefulness. This study deciphers the connectivity between the VLPO and LHA, provides a large-scale map of upstream neuronal populations of VLPO→LHA neurons, and reveals a previously uncovered function of the VLPOGABA→LHA pathway in the regulation of sleep and wakefulness.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT We identified neurons in the ventrolateral preoptic nucleus (VLPO) that are positive for vesicular GABA transporter (Vgat) and/or galanin (Gal) and serve as presynaptic partners of orexin-producing neurons in the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA). We depicted monosynaptic input neurons of GABA- and galanin-producing neurons in the VLPO that send projections to the LHA throughout the entire brain. Their input neurons largely overlap, suggesting that they comprise a common neuronal population. However, acute excitatory optogenetic manipulation of the VLPOGABA→LHA pathway, but not the VLPOGAL→LHA pathway, evoked wakefulness. This study shows the connectivity of major components of the sleep/wake circuitry in the hypothalamus and unveils a previously unrecognized function of the VLPOGABA→LHA pathway in sleep-wakefulness regulation. Furthermore, we suggest the existence of subpopulations of VLPOGABA neurons that innervate LHA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kseniia Prokofeva
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yuki C Saito
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Niwa
- Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Seiya Mizuno
- Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Arisa Hirano
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
- Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Takeshi Sakurai
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
- Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
- Life Science Center for Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
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Kawasaki Y, Kitamura E, Kasai T. Impact of Body Composition on Sleep and Its Relationship with Sleep Disorders: Current Insights. Nat Sci Sleep 2023; 15:375-388. [PMID: 37220427 PMCID: PMC10200107 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s340946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep is involved in many physiological processes and is essential for both physical and mental health. Obesity and sleep deprivation due to sleep disorders are major public health issues. Their incidence is increasing, and they have a wide range of adverse health-related consequences, including life-threatening cardiovascular disease. The impact of sleep on obesity and body composition is well-known, and many studies have shown an association between insufficient or excessive sleep duration and obesity, body fat percentage, and weight gain. However, there is growing evidence of the effects of body composition on sleep and sleep disorders (particularly sleep disordered breathing) through anatomical and physiological mechanisms (nocturnal fluid shift, core body temperature, or diet). Although some research has been conducted on the bidirectional effects of sleep-disordered breathing and body composition, the specific effects of obesity and body composition on sleep and the underlying mechanisms that explain these effects remain unclear. Therefore, this review summarizes the findings on the effects of body composition on sleep and draws conclusions and proposals for future research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Kawasaki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eri Kitamura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takatoshi Kasai
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Sleep and Sleep-Disordered Breathing Center, Juntendo University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Cardiovascular Respiratory Sleep Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Cardiovascular Management and Remote Monitoring, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Yasugaki S, Okamura H, Kaneko A, Hayashi Y. Bidirectional Relationship Between Sleep and Depression. Neurosci Res 2023:S0168-0102(23)00087-1. [PMID: 37116584 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2023.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Patients with depression almost inevitably exhibit abnormalities in sleep, such as shortened latency to enter rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and decrease in electroencephalogram delta power during non-REM sleep. Insufficient sleep can be stressful, and the accumulation of stress leads to the deterioration of mental health and contributes to the development of psychiatric disorders. Thus, it is likely that depression and sleep are bidirectionally related, i.e. development of depression contributes to sleep disturbances and vice versa. However, the relation between depression and sleep seems complicated. For example, acute sleep deprivation can paradoxically improve depressive symptoms. Thus, it is difficult to conclude whether sleep has beneficial or harmful effects in patients with depression. How antidepressants affect sleep in patients with depression might provide clues to understanding the effects of sleep, but caution is required considering that antidepressants have diverse effects other than sleep. Recent animal studies support the bidirectional relation between depression and sleep, and animal models of depression are expected to be beneficial for the identification of neuronal circuits that connect stress, sleep, and depression. This review provides a comprehensive overview regarding the current knowledge of the relationship between depression and sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinnosuke Yasugaki
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan; Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan; Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), Tokyo 102-0083, Japan.
| | - Hibiki Okamura
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), Tokyo 102-0083, Japan; Program in Humanics, School of Integrative and Global Majors, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.
| | - Ami Kaneko
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan; Program in Humanics, School of Integrative and Global Majors, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.
| | - Yu Hayashi
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan; Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Department of Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 603-8363, Japan.
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48
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Abstract
Narcolepsy is a sleep disorder caused by insufficient levels of orexins, with current treatment options addressing symptoms rather than etiology. New research reveals that transplantation of orexin cells in a mouse model of narcolepsy reduces cataplexy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giancarlo Vanini
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Center for Consciousness Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. gvanini,@,umich.edu
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49
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Hung C, Yamanaka A. The role of orexin neuron activity in sleep/wakefulness regulation. Peptides 2023; 165:171007. [PMID: 37030519 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2023.171007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023]
Abstract
Orexin (also known as hypocretin) is a neuropeptide exclusively synthesized in the neurons of the lateral hypothalamus (LH). Initially orexin was thought to be involved in the regulation of feeding behavior. However, it is now known to also be a critical regulator of sleep/wakefulness, especially the maintenance of wakefulness. Although the somas of orexin neurons are exclusively located in the LH, these neurons send axons throughout the brain and spinal cord. Orexin neurons integrate inputs from various brain regions and project to neurons that are involved in the regulation of sleep/wakefulness. Orexin knockout mice have a fragmentation of sleep/wakefulness and cataplexy-like behavior arrest, which is similar to the sleep disorder narcolepsy. Recent progress with manipulation of neural activity of targeted neurons, using experimental tools such as optogenetics and chemogenetics, has emphasized the role of orexin neuron activity on the regulation of sleep/wakefulness. Recording of orexin neuron activity in vivo using electrophysiological and gene-encoded calcium indicator proteins revealed that these cells have specific activity patterns across sleep/wakefulness state changes. Here, we also discuss not only the role of the orexin peptide, but also the role of other co-transmitters that are synthesized and released from orexin neurons and involved in sleep/wakefulness regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chijung Hung
- Department of Neuroscience II, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan; Department of Neural Regulation, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Akihiro Yamanaka
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing (CIBR), Beijing, 102206, China; National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Aichi 444-8585 Japan; Division of Brain Sciences Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
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50
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Beckenstrom AC, Coloma PM, Dawson GR, Finlayson AK, Malik A, Post A, Steiner MA, Potenza MN. Use of experimental medicine approaches for the development of novel psychiatric treatments based on orexin receptor modulation. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 147:105107. [PMID: 36828161 PMCID: PMC10165155 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Despite progress in understanding the pathological mechanisms underlying psychiatric disorders, translation from animal models into clinical use remains a significant bottleneck. Preclinical studies have implicated the orexin neuropeptide system as a potential target for psychiatric disorders through its role in regulating emotional, cognitive, and behavioral processes. Clinical studies are investigating orexin modulation in addiction and mood disorders. Here we review performance-outcome measures (POMs) arising from experimental medicine research methods which may show promise as markers of efficacy of orexin receptor modulators in humans. POMs provide objective measures of brain function, complementing patient-reported or clinician-observed symptom evaluation, and aid the translation from preclinical to clinical research. Significant challenges include the development, validation, and operationalization of these measures. We suggest that collaborative networks comprising clinical practitioners, academics, individuals working in the pharmaceutical industry, drug regulators, patients, patient advocacy groups, and other relevant stakeholders may provide infrastructure to facilitate validation of experimental medicine approaches in translational research and in the implementation of these approaches in real-world clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy C Beckenstrom
- P1vital Ltd, Manor House, Howbery Business Park, Wallingford OX10 8BA, UK.
| | - Preciosa M Coloma
- Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Hegenheimermattweg 91, Allschwil 4123, Switzerland
| | - Gerard R Dawson
- P1vital Ltd, Manor House, Howbery Business Park, Wallingford OX10 8BA, UK
| | - Ailidh K Finlayson
- P1vital Ltd, Manor House, Howbery Business Park, Wallingford OX10 8BA, UK; Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Asad Malik
- P1vital Ltd, Manor House, Howbery Business Park, Wallingford OX10 8BA, UK
| | - Anke Post
- Corlieve Therapeutics, Swiss Innovation Park, Hegenheimermattweg 167A, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | | | - Marc N Potenza
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience and the Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, 1 Church Street, Room 726, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Connecticut Mental Health Center, 34 Park Street, New Haven, CT 06519, USA; Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling, Wethersfield, CT, USA; The Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, 100 College St, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
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