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Zhao XY, Xu DE, Wu ML, Liu JC, Shi ZL, Ma QH. Regulation and function of endoplasmic reticulum autophagy in neurodegenerative diseases. Neural Regen Res 2025; 20:6-20. [PMID: 38767472 PMCID: PMC11246128 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-23-00995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum, a key cellular organelle, regulates a wide variety of cellular activities. Endoplasmic reticulum autophagy, one of the quality control systems of the endoplasmic reticulum, plays a pivotal role in maintaining endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis by controlling endoplasmic reticulum turnover, remodeling, and proteostasis. In this review, we briefly describe the endoplasmic reticulum quality control system, and subsequently focus on the role of endoplasmic reticulum autophagy, emphasizing the spatial and temporal mechanisms underlying the regulation of endoplasmic reticulum autophagy according to cellular requirements. We also summarize the evidence relating to how defective or abnormal endoplasmic reticulum autophagy contributes to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. In summary, this review highlights the mechanisms associated with the regulation of endoplasmic reticulum autophagy and how they influence the pathophysiology of degenerative nerve disorders. This review would help researchers to understand the roles and regulatory mechanisms of endoplasmic reticulum-phagy in neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Yun Zhao
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- Institute of Neuroscience & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - De-En Xu
- Department of Neurology, Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ming-Lei Wu
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- Institute of Neuroscience & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ji-Chuan Liu
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- Institute of Neuroscience & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zi-Ling Shi
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- Institute of Neuroscience & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Quan-Hong Ma
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- Institute of Neuroscience & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
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He Y, Fan Y, Ahmadpoor X, Wang Y, Li ZA, Zhu W, Lin H. Targeting lysosomal quality control as a therapeutic strategy against aging and diseases. Med Res Rev 2024; 44:2472-2509. [PMID: 38711187 DOI: 10.1002/med.22047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Previously, lysosomes were primarily referred to as the digestive organelles and recycling centers within cells. Recent discoveries have expanded the lysosomal functional scope and revealed their critical roles in nutrient sensing, epigenetic regulation, plasma membrane repair, lipid transport, ion homeostasis, and cellular stress response. Lysosomal dysfunction is also found to be associated with aging and several diseases. Therefore, function of macroautophagy, a lysosome-dependent intracellular degradation system, has been identified as one of the updated twelve hallmarks of aging. In this review, we begin by introducing the concept of lysosomal quality control (LQC), which is a cellular machinery that maintains the number, morphology, and function of lysosomes through different processes such as lysosomal biogenesis, reformation, fission, fusion, turnover, lysophagy, exocytosis, and membrane permeabilization and repair. Next, we summarize the results from studies reporting the association between LQC dysregulation and aging/various disorders. Subsequently, we explore the emerging therapeutic strategies that target distinct aspects of LQC for treating diseases and combatting aging. Lastly, we underscore the existing knowledge gap and propose potential avenues for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen He
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yishu Fan
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xenab Ahmadpoor
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yumin Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhong Alan Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Center for Neuromusculoskeletal Restorative Medicine, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Weihong Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Hang Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh Swanson School of Engineering, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Alesi N, Asrani K, Lotan TL, Henske EP. The Spectrum of Renal "TFEopathies": Flipping the mTOR Switch in Renal Tumorigenesis. Physiology (Bethesda) 2024; 39:0. [PMID: 39012319 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00026.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The mammalian target of Rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) is a serine/threonine kinase that couples nutrient and growth factor signaling to the cellular control of metabolism and plays a fundamental role in aberrant proliferation in cancer. mTORC1 has previously been considered an "on/off" switch, capable of phosphorylating the entire pool of its substrates when activated. However, recent studies have indicated that mTORC1 may be active toward its canonical substrates, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (4EBP1) and S6 kinase (S6K), involved in mRNA translation and protein synthesis, and inactive toward TFEB and TFE3, transcription factors involved in the regulation of lysosome biogenesis, in several pathological contexts. Among these conditions are Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome (BHD) and, recently, tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). Furthermore, increased TFEB and TFE3 nuclear localization in these syndromes, and in translocation renal cell carcinomas (tRCC), drives mTORC1 activity toward the canonical substrates, through the transcriptional activation of the Rag GTPases, thereby positioning TFEB and TFE3 upstream of mTORC1 activity toward 4EBP1 and S6K. The expanding importance of TFEB and TFE3 in the pathogenesis of these renal diseases warrants a novel clinical grouping that we term "TFEopathies." Currently, there are no therapeutic options directly targeting TFEB and TFE3, which represents a challenging and critically required avenue for cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Alesi
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Kaushal Asrani
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Tamara L Lotan
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Elizabeth P Henske
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
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Wang H, Jiang Y, Zhu M, Li H, Chen H, Wang H, Zhang S, Guo Q, Hui H. LW-213, a derivative of wogonin, triggers reticulophagy-mediated cell death in NSCLC via lysosomal damage combined with NPC1 inhibition. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 134:155958. [PMID: 39241385 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maintaining intracellular equilibrium is essential for the viability of tumor cells, which tend to be particularly vulnerable to environmental stressors. Consequently, targeting the disruption of this homeostasis offers a promising approach for oncological treatments. LW-213, a novel derivative of wogonin, effectively induces apoptosis in cancer cells by initiating endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, although the precise molecular pathways involved remain intricate and multifaceted. PURPOSE This research aimed to explore how LW-213 prompts apoptosis in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells and to clarify the detailed mechanisms that govern this process. METHODS Various NSCLC cell lines were utilized to delineate the apoptotic effects induced by LW-213. Advanced methodologies, including RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), Western blotting (WB), immunofluorescence (IF), immunoprecipitation (IP), flow cytometry (Fc), real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), and electron microscopy, were employed to investigate the underlying molecular interactions. The efficacy and mechanistic action of LW-213 were also assessed in a xenograft model using nude mice. RESULTS We demonstrated that LW-213, a small molecule cationic amphiphilic drug (CAD), inhibited Niemann-Pick C1 (NPC1) function and induced lysosomal membrane damage, thereby activating the phosphoinositide-initiated membrane tethering and lipid transport (PITT) pathway. This activation promoted cholesterol transport from the ER to the lysosome, perpetuating a cholesterol-deficient state in the ER, including massive exocytosis of Ca2+ and activation of FAM134B-mediated reticulophagy. Ultimately, excessive reticulophagy induced lethal ER stress. CONCLUSIONS In summary, our study elucidates an organelle domino reaction initiated by lysosome damage and a series of self-rescue mechanisms that eventually lead to irreversible lethal effects, revealing a potential drug intervention strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Yuexin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Mengyuan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Hongyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Haidi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 21009, PR China
| | - Qinglong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
| | - Hui Hui
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
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Wang X, Geng J, Rimal S, Sui Y, Pan J, Qin Z, Lu B. The p53 target DRAM1 modulates calcium homeostasis and ER stress by promoting contact between lysosomes and the ER through STIM1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2400531121. [PMID: 39292746 PMCID: PMC11441506 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2400531121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/20/2024] Open
Abstract
It is well established that DNA Damage Regulated Autophagy Modulator 1 (DRAM1), a lysosomal protein and a target of p53, participates in autophagy. The cellular functions of DRAM1 beyond autophagy remain elusive. Here, we show p53-dependent upregulation of DRAM1 in mitochondrial damage-induced Parkinson's disease (PD) models and exacerbation of disease phenotypes by DRAM1. We find that the lysosomal location of DRAM1 relies on its intact structure including the cytosol-facing C-terminal domain. Excess DRAM1 disrupts endoplasmic reticulum (ER) structure, triggers ER stress, and induces protective ER-phagy. Mechanistically, DRAM1 interacts with stromal interacting molecule 1 (STIM1) to tether lysosomes to the ER and perturb STIM1 function in maintaining intracellular calcium homeostasis. STIM1 overexpression promotes cellular health by restoring calcium homeostasis, ER stress response, ER-phagy, and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-Unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1 (ULK1) signaling in cells with excess DRAM1. Thus, by promoting organelle contact between lysosomes and the ER, DRAM1 modulates ER structure and function and cell survival under stress. Our results suggest that DRAM1 as a lysosomal protein performs diverse roles in cellular homeostasis and stress response. These findings may have significant implications for our understanding of the role of the p53/DRAM1 axis in human diseases, from cancer to neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiying Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Ji Geng
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Suman Rimal
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Yuxiu Sui
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jie Pan
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Zhenghong Qin
- Institute of Health Technology, Global Institute of Software Technology, Suzhou 215163, China
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Bingwei Lu
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
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Schultz DF, Davies BA, Payne JA, Martin CP, Minard AY, Childs BG, Zhang C, Jeganathan KB, Sturmlechner I, White TA, de Bruin A, Harkema L, Chen H, Davies MA, Jachim S, LeBrasseur NK, Piper RC, Li H, Baker DJ, van Deursen J, Billadeau DD, Katzmann DJ. Loss of HD-PTP function results in lipodystrophy, defective cellular signaling and altered lipid homeostasis. J Cell Sci 2024; 137:jcs262032. [PMID: 39155850 PMCID: PMC11449442 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.262032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
His domain protein tyrosine phosphatase (HD-PTP; also known as PTPN23) facilitates function of the endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRTs) during multivesicular body (MVB) formation. To uncover its role in physiological homeostasis, embryonic lethality caused by a complete lack of HD-PTP was bypassed through generation of hypomorphic mice expressing reduced protein, resulting in animals that are viable into adulthood. These mice exhibited marked lipodystrophy and decreased receptor-mediated signaling within white adipose tissue (WAT), involving multiple prominent pathways including RAS/MAPK, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT and receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), such as EGFR. EGFR signaling was dissected in vitro to assess the nature of defective signaling, revealing decreased trans-autophosphorylation and downstream effector activation, despite normal EGF binding. This corresponds to decreased plasma membrane cholesterol and increased lysosomal cholesterol, likely resulting from defective endosomal maturation necessary for cholesterol trafficking and homeostasis. The ESCRT components Vps4 and Hrs have previously been implicated in cholesterol homeostasis; thus, these findings expand knowledge on which ESCRT subunits are involved in cholesterol homeostasis and highlight a non-canonical role for HD-PTP in signal regulation and adipose tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Destiny F Schultz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
- Immunology Graduate Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | - Brian A Davies
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | - Johanna A Payne
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | - Cole P Martin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | - Annabel Y Minard
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - Bennett G Childs
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | - Karthik B Jeganathan
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | - Ines Sturmlechner
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9713 AV, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas A White
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | - Alain de Bruin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9713 AV, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584 CL, The Netherlands
| | - Liesbeth Harkema
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584 CL, The Netherlands
| | - Huiqin Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Division of Quantitative Sciences, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Michael A Davies
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Sarah Jachim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | - Nathan K LeBrasseur
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | - Robert C Piper
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - Hu Li
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | - Darren J Baker
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | - Jan van Deursen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | | | - David J Katzmann
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
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7
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Ferrari V, Tedesco B, Cozzi M, Chierichetti M, Casarotto E, Pramaggiore P, Cornaggia L, Mohamed A, Patelli G, Piccolella M, Cristofani R, Crippa V, Galbiati M, Poletti A, Rusmini P. Lysosome quality control in health and neurodegenerative diseases. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2024; 29:116. [PMID: 39237893 PMCID: PMC11378602 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-024-00633-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Lysosomes are acidic organelles involved in crucial intracellular functions, including the degradation of organelles and protein, membrane repair, phagocytosis, endocytosis, and nutrient sensing. Given these key roles of lysosomes, maintaining their homeostasis is essential for cell viability. Thus, to preserve lysosome integrity and functionality, cells have developed a complex intracellular system, called lysosome quality control (LQC). Several stressors may affect the integrity of lysosomes, causing Lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP), in which membrane rupture results in the leakage of luminal hydrolase enzymes into the cytosol. After sensing the damage, LQC either activates lysosome repair, or induces the degradation of the ruptured lysosomes through autophagy. In addition, LQC stimulates the de novo biogenesis of functional lysosomes and lysosome exocytosis. Alterations in LQC give rise to deleterious consequences for cellular homeostasis. Specifically, the persistence of impaired lysosomes or the malfunctioning of lysosomal processes leads to cellular toxicity and death, thereby contributing to the pathogenesis of different disorders, including neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). Recently, several pieces of evidence have underlined the importance of the role of lysosomes in NDs. In this review, we describe the elements of the LQC system, how they cooperate to maintain lysosome homeostasis, and their implication in the pathogenesis of different NDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Ferrari
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari "Rodolfo Paoletti", Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento Di Eccellenza, 2018-2027, Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Tedesco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari "Rodolfo Paoletti", Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento Di Eccellenza, 2018-2027, Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Cozzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari "Rodolfo Paoletti", Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento Di Eccellenza, 2018-2027, Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Chierichetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari "Rodolfo Paoletti", Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento Di Eccellenza, 2018-2027, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Casarotto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari "Rodolfo Paoletti", Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento Di Eccellenza, 2018-2027, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Pramaggiore
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari "Rodolfo Paoletti", Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento Di Eccellenza, 2018-2027, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Cornaggia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari "Rodolfo Paoletti", Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento Di Eccellenza, 2018-2027, Milan, Italy
| | - Ali Mohamed
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari "Rodolfo Paoletti", Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento Di Eccellenza, 2018-2027, Milan, Italy
| | - Guglielmo Patelli
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Margherita Piccolella
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari "Rodolfo Paoletti", Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento Di Eccellenza, 2018-2027, Milan, Italy
| | - Riccardo Cristofani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari "Rodolfo Paoletti", Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento Di Eccellenza, 2018-2027, Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Crippa
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari "Rodolfo Paoletti", Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento Di Eccellenza, 2018-2027, Milan, Italy
| | - Mariarita Galbiati
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari "Rodolfo Paoletti", Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento Di Eccellenza, 2018-2027, Milan, Italy
| | - Angelo Poletti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari "Rodolfo Paoletti", Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento Di Eccellenza, 2018-2027, Milan, Italy.
| | - Paola Rusmini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari "Rodolfo Paoletti", Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento Di Eccellenza, 2018-2027, Milan, Italy
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8
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Han Y, Liu X, Xu L, Wei Z, Gu Y, Ren Y, Hua W, Zhang Y, Liu X, Jiang C, Zhuang R, Hong W, Wang T. RILP Induces Cholesterol Accumulation in Lysosomes by Inhibiting Endoplasmic Reticulum-Endolysosome Interactions. Cells 2024; 13:1313. [PMID: 39195203 DOI: 10.3390/cells13161313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-endolysosome interactions regulate cholesterol exchange between the ER and the endolysosome. ER-endolysosome membrane contact sites mediate the ER-endolysosome interaction. VAP-ORP1L (vesicle-associated membrane protein-associated protein- OSBP-related protein 1L) interaction forms the major contact site between the ER and the lysosome, which is regulated by Rab7. RILP (Rab7-interacting lysosomal protein) is the downstream effector of Rab7, but its role in the organelle interaction between the ER and the lysosome is not clear. In this study, we found RILP interacts with ORP1L to competitively inhibit the formation of the VAP-ORP1L contact site. Immunofluorescence microscopy revealed that RILP induces late endosome/lysosome clustering, which reduces the contact of endolysosomes with the ER, interfering with the ER-endolysosome interaction. Further examination demonstrated that over-expression of RILP results in the accumulation of cholesterol in the clustered endolysosomes, which triggers cellular autophagy depending on RILP. Our results suggest that RILP interferes with the ER-endolysosome interaction to inhibit cholesterol flow from the endolysosome to the ER, which feedbacks to trigger autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Han
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Xiaoqing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Liju Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Ziheng Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Yueting Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Yandan Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Wenyi Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Yongtao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Xiaoxi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Cong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Ruijuan Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Wanjin Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR (Agency of Science, Technology and Research), Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Tuanlao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
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9
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Yao Y, Jin C, Liao Y, Huang X, Wei Z, Zhang Y, Li D, Su H, Han W, Qin D. Schizophrenia-Like Behaviors Arising from Dysregulated Proline Metabolism Are Associated with Altered Neuronal Morphology and Function in Mice with Hippocampal PRODH Deficiency. Aging Dis 2024; 15:1952-1968. [PMID: 37815900 PMCID: PMC11272211 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite decades of research being conducted to understand what physiological deficits in the brain are an underlying basis of psychiatric diseases like schizophrenia, it has remained difficult to establish a direct causal relationship between neuronal dysfunction and specific behavioral phenotypes. Moreover, it remains unclear how metabolic processes, including amino acid metabolism, affect neuronal function and consequently modulate animal behaviors. PRODH, which catalyzes the first step of proline degradation, has been reported as a susceptibility gene for schizophrenia. It has consistently been shown that PRODH knockout mice exhibit schizophrenia-like behaviors. However, whether the loss of PRODH directly impacts neuronal function or whether such neuronal deficits are linked to schizophrenia-like behaviors has not yet been examined. Herein, we first ascertained that dysregulated proline metabolism in humans is associated with schizophrenia. We then found that PRODH was highly expressed in the oreins layer of the mouse dorsal hippocampus. By using AAV-mediated shRNA, we depleted PRODH expression in the mouse dorsal hippocampus and subsequently observed hyperactivity and impairments in the social behaviors, learning, and memory of these mice. Furthermore, the loss of PRODH led to altered neuronal morphology and function both in vivo and in vitro. Our study demonstrates that schizophrenia-like behaviors may arise from dysregulated proline metabolism due to the loss of PRODH and are associated with altered neuronal morphology and function in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiao Yao
- Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis, Therapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510799, China.
| | - Chenchen Jin
- Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yilie Liao
- Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China.
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore.
| | - Xiang Huang
- Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Ziying Wei
- Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis, Therapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510799, China.
| | - Yahong Zhang
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Dongwei Li
- Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis, Therapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510799, China.
| | - Huanxing Su
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China.
| | - Weiping Han
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore.
| | - Dajiang Qin
- Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis, Therapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510799, China.
- Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China.
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science & Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hong Kong SAR, China.
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10
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Ma-Lauer Y, Li P, Niemeyer D, Richter A, Pusl K, von Brunn B, Ru Y, Xiang C, Schwinghammer S, Liu J, Baral P, Berthold EJ, Qiu H, Roy A, Kremmer E, Flaswinkel H, Drosten C, Jin Z, von Brunn A. Oxysterole-binding protein targeted by SARS-CoV-2 viral proteins regulates coronavirus replication. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1383917. [PMID: 39119292 PMCID: PMC11306179 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1383917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Oxysterol-binding protein (OSBP) is known for its crucial role in lipid transport, facilitating cholesterol exchange between the Golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum membranes. Despite its established function in cellular processes, its involvement in coronavirus replication remains unclear. Methods In this study, we investigated the role of OSBP in coronavirus replication and explored the potential of a novel OSBP-binding compound, ZJ-1, as an antiviral agent against coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2. We utilized a combination of biochemical and cellular assays to elucidate the interactions between OSBP and SARS-CoV-2 non-structural proteins (Nsps) and other viral proteins. Results Our findings demonstrate that OSBP positively regulates coronavirus replication. Moreover, treatment with ZJ-1 resulted in reduced OSBP levels and exhibited potent antiviral effects against multiple coronaviruses. Through our investigation, we identified specific interactions between OSBP and SARS-CoV-2 Nsps, particularly Nsp3, Nsp4, and Nsp6, which are involved in double-membrane vesicle formation-a crucial step in viral replication. Additionally, we observed that Nsp3 a.a.1-1363, Nsp4, and Nsp6 target vesicle-associated membrane protein (VAMP)-associated protein B (VAP-B), which anchors OSBP to the ER membrane. Interestingly, the interaction between OSBP and VAP-B is disrupted by Nsp3 a.a.1-1363 and partially impaired by Nsp6. Furthermore, we identified SARS-CoV-2 orf7a, orf7b, and orf3a as additional OSBP targets, with OSBP contributing to their stabilization. Conclusion Our study highlights the significance of OSBP in coronavirus replication and identifies it as a promising target for the development of antiviral therapies against SARS-CoV-2 and other coronaviruses. These findings underscore the potential of OSBP-targeted interventions in combating coronavirus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Ma-Lauer
- Virology Department, Max-von-Pettenkofer Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich Site, Munich, Germany
| | - Pengyuan Li
- Virology Department, Max-von-Pettenkofer Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich Site, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniela Niemeyer
- Institute of Virology, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research, Associated Partner Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja Richter
- Institute of Virology, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research, Associated Partner Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Konstantin Pusl
- Virology Department, Max-von-Pettenkofer Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich Site, Munich, Germany
| | - Brigitte von Brunn
- Virology Department, Max-von-Pettenkofer Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich Site, Munich, Germany
| | - Yi Ru
- Virology Department, Max-von-Pettenkofer Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich Site, Munich, Germany
| | - Chengyu Xiang
- Virology Department, Max-von-Pettenkofer Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich Site, Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Schwinghammer
- Virology Department, Max-von-Pettenkofer Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich Site, Munich, Germany
| | - Jia Liu
- Virology Department, Max-von-Pettenkofer Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich Site, Munich, Germany
| | - Priya Baral
- Virology Department, Max-von-Pettenkofer Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich Site, Munich, Germany
| | - Emilia J. Berthold
- Virology Department, Max-von-Pettenkofer Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity and Comprehensive Pneumology Center with the Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich (CPC-M) bioArchive, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Haibo Qiu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Avishek Roy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | | | | | - Christian Drosten
- Institute of Virology, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research, Associated Partner Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Zhendong Jin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Albrecht von Brunn
- Virology Department, Max-von-Pettenkofer Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich Site, Munich, Germany
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11
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Bandyopadhyay S, Adebayo D, Obaseki E, Hariri H. Lysosomal membrane contact sites: Integrative hubs for cellular communication and homeostasis. CURRENT TOPICS IN MEMBRANES 2024; 93:85-116. [PMID: 39181579 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctm.2024.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Lysosomes are more than just cellular recycling bins; they play a crucial role in regulating key cellular functions. Proper lysosomal function is essential for growth pathway regulation, cell proliferation, and metabolic homeostasis. Impaired lysosomal function is associated with lipid storage disorders and neurodegenerative diseases. Lysosomes form extensive and dynamic close contacts with the membranes of other organelles, including the endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, peroxisomes, and lipid droplets. These membrane contacts sites (MCSs) are vital for many lysosomal functions. In this chapter, we will explore lysosomal MCSs focusing on the machinery that mediates these contacts, how they are regulated, and their functional implications on physiology and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Daniel Adebayo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Eseiwi Obaseki
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Hanaa Hariri
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States.
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12
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Xu W, Hu M, Lu X, Lao Y, Ma N, Wang Y, Li J, Chen X, Liu S, Liu J, Zhu W, Yang H. Inhibition of PCSK9 enhances the anti-hepatocellular carcinoma effects of TCR-T cells and anti-PD-1 immunotherapy. Int J Biol Sci 2024; 20:3942-3955. [PMID: 39113701 PMCID: PMC11302870 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.93668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
T cells play important roles in antitumor immunity. However, given that the hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tumor microenvironment confers resistance to T cell-based immunotherapies, novel strategies to boost T cell-mediated antitumor efficacy are urgently needed for the treatment of HCC. Here, we show that high proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type9 (PCSK9) expression was negatively associated with HCC patient's overall survival and markers of CD8+ T cells. Pharmacological inhibition of PCSK9 enhanced tumor-specific killing and downregulated PD-1 expression of AFP-specific TCR-T. Inhibition of PCSK9 significantly enhances the anti-HCC efficacy of TCR-T cells and anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in vivo. Moreover, PCSK9 inhibitor suppressed HCC growth dependent on CD8+ T cells. Mechanically, pharmacological inhibition of PCSK9 promoted low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR)-mediated activation of mTORC1 signaling in CD8+ T cells. LDLR deficiency was shown to impair cellular mTORC1 signaling and the anti-HCC function of CD8 T cells. On the basis of our findings in this study, we propose a potential metabolic intervention strategy that could be used to enhance the antitumor effects of immunotherapy for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weikang Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510220, China
| | - Minli Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510220, China
| | - Xinyu Lu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research; Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases Research in South China, Ministry of Education; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research; Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Viral Hepatitis; Guangdong Institute of Hepatology. Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yueqiong Lao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510220, China
| | - Na Ma
- Department of Pathology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Yiyue Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research; Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases Research in South China, Ministry of Education; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research; Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Viral Hepatitis; Guangdong Institute of Hepatology. Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510220, China
| | - Xingyuan Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510220, China
| | - Shiming Liu
- Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510220, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510220, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research; Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases Research in South China, Ministry of Education; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research; Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Viral Hepatitis; Guangdong Institute of Hepatology. Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510220, China
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13
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Agostini F, Pereyra L, Dale J, Yambire KF, Maglioni S, Schiavi A, Ventura N, Milosevic I, Raimundo N. Upregulation of cholesterol synthesis by lysosomal defects requires a functional mitochondrial respiratory chain. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107403. [PMID: 38782205 PMCID: PMC11254723 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria and lysosomes are two organelles that carry out both signaling and metabolic roles in cells. Recent evidence has shown that mitochondria and lysosomes are dependent on one another, as primary defects in one cause secondary defects in the other. Although there are functional impairments in both cases, the signaling consequences of primary mitochondrial dysfunction and lysosomal defects are dissimilar. Here, we used RNA sequencing to obtain transcriptomes from cells with primary mitochondrial or lysosomal defects to identify the global cellular consequences associated with mitochondrial or lysosomal dysfunction. We used these data to determine the pathways affected by defects in both organelles, which revealed a prominent role for the cholesterol synthesis pathway. We observed a transcriptional upregulation of this pathway in cellular and murine models of lysosomal defects, while it is transcriptionally downregulated in cellular and murine models of mitochondrial defects. We identified a role for the posttranscriptional regulation of transcription factor SREBF1, a master regulator of cholesterol and lipid biosynthesis, in models of mitochondrial respiratory chain deficiency. Furthermore, we found that retention of Ca2+ in lysosomes of cells with mitochondrial respiratory chain defects contributes to the differential regulation of the cholesterol synthesis pathway in the mitochondrial and lysosomal defects tested. Finally, we verified in vivo, using a model of mitochondria-associated disease in Caenorhabditis elegans that normalization of lysosomal Ca2+ levels results in partial rescue of the developmental delay induced by the respiratory chain deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Agostini
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Leonardo Pereyra
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Center, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Justin Dale
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - King Faisal Yambire
- Laboratory of Systems Cancer Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Silvia Maglioni
- IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Duesseldorf, Germany; Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostic, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Alfonso Schiavi
- IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Natascia Ventura
- IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Duesseldorf, Germany; Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostic, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Ira Milosevic
- Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Multidisciplinary Institute for Ageing, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Nuno Raimundo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA; Penn State Cancer Institute, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA.
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14
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Cigler M, Imrichova H, Frommelt F, Caramelle L, Depta L, Rukavina A, Kagiou C, Hannich JT, Mayor-Ruiz C, Superti-Furga G, Sievers S, Forrester A, Laraia L, Waldmann H, Winter GE. Orpinolide disrupts a leukemic dependency on cholesterol transport by inhibiting OSBP. Nat Chem Biol 2024:10.1038/s41589-024-01614-4. [PMID: 38907113 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-024-01614-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic alterations in cancer precipitate in associated dependencies that can be therapeutically exploited. To meet this goal, natural product-inspired small molecules can provide a resource of invaluable chemotypes. Here, we identify orpinolide, a synthetic withanolide analog with pronounced antileukemic properties, via orthogonal chemical screening. Through multiomics profiling and genome-scale CRISPR-Cas9 screens, we identify that orpinolide disrupts Golgi homeostasis via a mechanism that requires active phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate signaling at the endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi membrane interface. Thermal proteome profiling and genetic validation studies reveal the oxysterol-binding protein OSBP as the direct and phenotypically relevant target of orpinolide. Collectively, these data reaffirm sterol transport as a therapeutically actionable dependency in leukemia and motivate ensuing translational investigation via the probe-like compound orpinolide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Cigler
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hana Imrichova
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Fabian Frommelt
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lucie Caramelle
- Unit of Research of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (URBC), Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Laura Depta
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Andrea Rukavina
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Chrysanthi Kagiou
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - J Thomas Hannich
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Cristina Mayor-Ruiz
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- IRB Barcelona-Institute for Research in Biomedicine, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Giulio Superti-Furga
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sonja Sievers
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Alison Forrester
- Unit of Research of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (URBC), Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Luca Laraia
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Herbert Waldmann
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Georg E Winter
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria.
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15
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Bretou M, Sannerud R, Escamilla-Ayala A, Leroy T, Vrancx C, Van Acker ZP, Perdok A, Vermeire W, Vorsters I, Van Keymolen S, Maxson M, Pavie B, Wierda K, Eskelinen EL, Annaert W. Accumulation of APP C-terminal fragments causes endolysosomal dysfunction through the dysregulation of late endosome to lysosome-ER contact sites. Dev Cell 2024; 59:1571-1592.e9. [PMID: 38626765 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2024.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
Neuronal endosomal and lysosomal abnormalities are among the early changes observed in Alzheimer's disease (AD) before plaques appear. However, it is unclear whether distinct endolysosomal defects are temporally organized and how altered γ-secretase function or amyloid precursor protein (APP) metabolism contribute to these changes. Inhibiting γ-secretase chronically, in mouse embryonic fibroblast and hippocampal neurons, led to a gradual endolysosomal collapse initiated by decreased lysosomal calcium and increased cholesterol, causing downstream defects in endosomal recycling and maturation. This endolysosomal demise is γ-secretase dependent, requires membrane-tethered APP cytoplasmic domains, and is rescued by APP depletion. APP C-terminal fragments (CTFs) localized to late endosome/lysosome-endoplasmic reticulum contacts; an excess of APP-CTFs herein reduced lysosomal Ca2+ refilling from the endoplasmic reticulum, promoting cholesterol accretion. Tonic regulation by APP-CTFs provides a mechanistic explanation for their cellular toxicity: failure to timely degrade APP-CTFs sustains downstream signaling, instigating lysosomal dyshomeostasis, as observed in prodromal AD. This is the opposite of substrates such as Notch, which require intramembrane proteolysis to initiate signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Bretou
- Laboratory for Membrane Trafficking, VIB-Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ragna Sannerud
- Laboratory for Membrane Trafficking, VIB-Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Tom Leroy
- Laboratory for Membrane Trafficking, VIB-Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Céline Vrancx
- Laboratory for Membrane Trafficking, VIB-Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Zoë P Van Acker
- Laboratory for Membrane Trafficking, VIB-Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anika Perdok
- Laboratory for Membrane Trafficking, VIB-Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wendy Vermeire
- Laboratory for Membrane Trafficking, VIB-Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Inge Vorsters
- Laboratory for Membrane Trafficking, VIB-Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sophie Van Keymolen
- Laboratory for Membrane Trafficking, VIB-Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Michelle Maxson
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Benjamin Pavie
- VIB-BioImaging Core, VIB-Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Keimpe Wierda
- Electrophysiology Expertise Unit, VIB-Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Wim Annaert
- Laboratory for Membrane Trafficking, VIB-Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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16
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Wang X, Xu P, Bentley-DeSousa A, Hancock-Cerutti W, Cai S, Johnson BT, Tonelli F, Talaia G, Alessi DR, Ferguson SM, De Camilli P. Lysosome damage triggers acute formation of ER to lysosomes membrane tethers mediated by the bridge-like lipid transport protein VPS13C. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.08.598070. [PMID: 38895395 PMCID: PMC11185796 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.08.598070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Based on genetic studies, lysosome dysfunction is thought to play a pathogenetic role in Parkinson's disease (PD). Here we show that VPS13C, a bridge-like lipid transport protein and a PD gene, is a sensor of lysosome stress/damage. Upon lysosome membrane perturbation, VPS13C rapidly relocates from the cytosol to the surface of lysosomes where it tethers their membranes to the ER. This recruitment depends on Rab7 and requires release of a brake, most likely an intramolecular interaction within VPS13C, which hinders access of its VAB domain to lysosome-bound Rab7. While another PD protein, LRRK2, is also recruited to stressed/damaged lysosomes, its recruitment occurs at much later stages and by different mechanisms. Given the putative role of VPS13 proteins in bulk lipid transport, these findings suggest lipid delivery to lysosomes by VPS13C is part of an early response to lysosome damage.
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17
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Yi SA, Sepic S, Schulman BA, Ordureau A, An H. mTORC1-CTLH E3 ligase regulates the degradation of HMG-CoA synthase 1 through the Pro/N-degron pathway. Mol Cell 2024; 84:2166-2184.e9. [PMID: 38788716 PMCID: PMC11186538 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2024.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) senses changes in nutrient status and stimulates the autophagic process to recycle amino acids. However, the impact of nutrient stress on protein degradation beyond autophagic turnover is incompletely understood. We report that several metabolic enzymes are proteasomal targets regulated by mTOR activity based on comparative proteome degradation analysis. In particular, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl (HMG)-coenzyme A (CoA) synthase 1 (HMGCS1), the initial enzyme in the mevalonate pathway, exhibits the most significant half-life adaptation. Degradation of HMGCS1 is regulated by the C-terminal to LisH (CTLH) E3 ligase through the Pro/N-degron motif. HMGCS1 is ubiquitylated on two C-terminal lysines during mTORC1 inhibition, and efficient degradation of HMGCS1 in cells requires a muskelin adaptor. Importantly, modulating HMGCS1 abundance has a dose-dependent impact on cell proliferation, which is restored by adding a mevalonate intermediate. Overall, our unbiased degradomics study provides new insights into mTORC1 function in cellular metabolism: mTORC1 regulates the stability of limiting metabolic enzymes through the ubiquitin system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Ah Yi
- Chemical Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Sara Sepic
- Department of Molecular Machines and Signaling, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany; Technical University of Munich, School of Natural Sciences, Munich, Germany
| | - Brenda A Schulman
- Department of Molecular Machines and Signaling, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany; Technical University of Munich, School of Natural Sciences, Munich, Germany; Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Alban Ordureau
- Cell Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Heeseon An
- Chemical Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Tri-Institutional PhD Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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18
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Yaya-Candela AP, Ravagnani FG, Dietrich N, Sousa R, Baptista MS. Specific photodamage on HT-29 cancer cells leads to endolysosomal failure and autophagy blockage by cathepsin depletion. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2024; 255:112919. [PMID: 38677261 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2024.112919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Endolysosomes perform a wide range of cellular functions, including nutrient sensing, macromolecule digestion and recycling, as well as plasma membrane repair. Because of their high activity in cancerous cells, endolysosomes are attractive targets for the development of novel cancer treatments. Light-activated compounds termed photosensitizers (PS) can catalyze the oxidation of specific biomolecules and intracellular organelles. To selectively damage endosomes and lysosomes, HT-29 colorectal cancer cells were incubated with nanomolar concentrations of meso-tetraphenylporphine disulfonate (TPPS2a), an amphiphilic PS taken up via endocytosis and activated by green light (522 nm, 2.1 J.cm-1). Several cellular responses were characterized by a combination of immunofluorescence and immunoblotting assays. We showed that TPPS2a photosensitization blocked autophagic flux without extensive endolysosomal membrane rupture. Nevertheless, there was a severe functional failure of endolysosomes due to a decrease in CTSD (cathepsin D, 55%) and CTSB (cathepsin B, 52%) maturation. PSAP (prosaposin) processing (into saposins) was also considerably impaired, a fact that could be detrimental to glycosphingolipid homeostasis. Therefore, photosensitization of HT-29 cells previously incubated with a low concentration of TPPS2a promotes endolysosomal dysfunction, an effect that can be used to improve cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Natasha Dietrich
- Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Sousa
- Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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19
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Bao L, Liu Q, Wang J, Shi L, Pang Y, Niu Y, Zhang R. The interactions of subcellular organelles in pulmonary fibrosis induced by carbon black nanoparticles: a comprehensive review. Arch Toxicol 2024; 98:1629-1643. [PMID: 38536500 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-024-03719-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Owing to the widespread use and improper emissions of carbon black nanoparticles (CBNPs), the adverse effects of CBNPs on human health have attracted much attention. In toxicological research, carbon black is frequently utilized as a negative control because of its low toxicity and poor solubility. However, recent studies have indicated that inhalation exposure to CBNPs could be a risk factor for severe and prolonged pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis. At present, the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis induced by CBNPs is still not fully elucidated, but it is known that with small particle size and large surface area, CBNPs are more easily ingested by cells, leading to organelle damage and abnormal interactions between organelles. Damaged organelle and abnormal organelles interactions lead to cell structure and function disorders, which is one of the important factors in the development and occurrence of various diseases, including pulmonary fibrosis. This review offers a comprehensive analysis of organelle structure, function, and interaction mechanisms, while also summarizing the research advancements in organelles and organelle interactions in CBNPs-induced pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Bao
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Qingping Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Rd, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, China
| | - Jingyuan Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Rd, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, China
| | - Lili Shi
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Yaxian Pang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Rd, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, China
| | - Yujie Niu
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China.
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Rd, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, China.
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20
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Zhou Y, Tao L, Qiu J, Xu J, Yang X, Zhang Y, Tian X, Guan X, Cen X, Zhao Y. Tumor biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis and targeted therapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:132. [PMID: 38763973 PMCID: PMC11102923 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01823-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumor biomarkers, the substances which are produced by tumors or the body's responses to tumors during tumorigenesis and progression, have been demonstrated to possess critical and encouraging value in screening and early diagnosis, prognosis prediction, recurrence detection, and therapeutic efficacy monitoring of cancers. Over the past decades, continuous progress has been made in exploring and discovering novel, sensitive, specific, and accurate tumor biomarkers, which has significantly promoted personalized medicine and improved the outcomes of cancer patients, especially advances in molecular biology technologies developed for the detection of tumor biomarkers. Herein, we summarize the discovery and development of tumor biomarkers, including the history of tumor biomarkers, the conventional and innovative technologies used for biomarker discovery and detection, the classification of tumor biomarkers based on tissue origins, and the application of tumor biomarkers in clinical cancer management. In particular, we highlight the recent advancements in biomarker-based anticancer-targeted therapies which are emerging as breakthroughs and promising cancer therapeutic strategies. We also discuss limitations and challenges that need to be addressed and provide insights and perspectives to turn challenges into opportunities in this field. Collectively, the discovery and application of multiple tumor biomarkers emphasized in this review may provide guidance on improved precision medicine, broaden horizons in future research directions, and expedite the clinical classification of cancer patients according to their molecular biomarkers rather than organs of origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhou
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Lei Tao
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jiahao Qiu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xinyu Yang
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- School of Medicine, Tibet University, Lhasa, 850000, China
| | - Xinyu Tian
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xinqi Guan
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiaobo Cen
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yinglan Zhao
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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21
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Casas M, Dickson EJ. Unraveling the Connection: Cholesterol, Calcium Signaling, and Neurodegeneration. Neurosci Insights 2024; 19:26331055241252772. [PMID: 38737295 PMCID: PMC11088808 DOI: 10.1177/26331055241252772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol and calcium play crucial roles as integral structural components and functional signaling entities within the central nervous system. Disruption in cholesterol homeostasis has been linked to Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's Disease while alterations in calcium signaling is hypothesized to be a key substrate for neurodegeneration across many disorders. Despite the importance of regulated cholesterol and calcium homeostasis for brain health there has been an absence of research investigating the interdependence of these signaling molecules and how they can tune each other's abundance at membranes to influence membrane identity. Here, we discuss the role of cholesterol in shaping calcium dynamics in a neurodegenerative disorder that arises due to mutations in the lysosomal cholesterol transporter, Niemann Pick Type C1 (NPC1). We discuss the molecular mechanisms through which altered lysosomal cholesterol transport influences calcium signaling pathways through remodeling of ion channel distribution at organelle-organelle membrane contacts leading to neurodegeneration. This scientific inquiry not only sheds light on NPC disease but also holds implications for comprehending other cholesterol-associated neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Casas
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Eamonn J Dickson
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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22
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Panagiotou S, Tan KW, Nguyen PM, Müller A, Oqua AI, Tomas A, Wendt A, Eliasson L, Tengholm A, Solimena M, Idevall-Hagren O. OSBP-mediated PI(4)P-cholesterol exchange at endoplasmic reticulum-secretory granule contact sites controls insulin secretion. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113992. [PMID: 38536815 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Insulin is packaged into secretory granules that depart the Golgi and undergo a maturation process that involves changes in the protein and lipid composition of the granules. Here, we show that insulin secretory granules form physical contacts with the endoplasmic reticulum and that the lipid exchange protein oxysterol-binding protein (OSBP) is recruited to these sites in a Ca2+-dependent manner. OSBP binding to insulin granules is positively regulated by phosphatidylinositol-4 (PI4)-kinases and negatively regulated by the PI4 phosphate (PI(4)P) phosphatase Sac2. Loss of Sac2 results in excess accumulation of cholesterol on insulin granules that is normalized when OSBP expression is reduced, and both acute inhibition and small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated knockdown of OSBP suppress glucose-stimulated insulin secretion without affecting insulin production or intracellular Ca2+ signaling. In conclusion, we show that lipid exchange at endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-granule contact sites is involved in the exocytic process and propose that these contacts act as reaction centers with multimodal functions during insulin granule maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kia Wee Tan
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Phuoc My Nguyen
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Andreas Müller
- Molecular Diabetology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Faculty of Medicine of the TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Affiong Ika Oqua
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Alejandra Tomas
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Anna Wendt
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Lund University Diabetes Center (LUDC), Lund, Sweden
| | - Lena Eliasson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Lund University Diabetes Center (LUDC), Lund, Sweden
| | - Anders Tengholm
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Michele Solimena
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Faculty of Medicine of the TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany; Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
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23
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Boyd SS, Robarts DR, Nguyen K, Villar M, Alghusen I, Kotulkar M, Denson A, Fedosyuk H, Whelan SA, Lee NCY, Hanover J, Dias WB, Tan EP, McGreal SR, Artigues A, Swerdlow RH, Thompson JA, Apte U, Slawson C. Multi-Omics after O-GlcNAc Alteration Identifies Cellular Processes Working Synergistically to Promote Aneuploidy. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.16.589379. [PMID: 38659829 PMCID: PMC11042281 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.16.589379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Pharmacologic or genetic manipulation of O-GlcNAcylation, an intracellular, single sugar post-translational modification, are difficult to interpret due to the pleotropic nature of O-GlcNAc and the vast signaling pathways it regulates. To address this issue, we employed either OGT (O-GlcNAc transferase), OGA (O-GlcNAcase) liver knockouts, or pharmacological inhibition of OGA coupled with multi-Omics analysis and bioinformatics. We identified numerous genes, proteins, phospho-proteins, or metabolites that were either inversely or equivalently changed between conditions. Moreover, we identified pathways in OGT knockout samples associated with increased aneuploidy. To test and validate these pathways, we induced liver growth in OGT knockouts by partial hepatectomy. OGT knockout livers showed a robust aneuploidy phenotype with disruptions in mitosis, nutrient sensing, protein metabolism/amino acid metabolism, stress response, and HIPPO signaling demonstrating how OGT is essential in controlling aneuploidy pathways. Moreover, these data show how a multi-Omics platform can discern how OGT can synergistically fine-tune multiple cellular pathways.
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24
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Zhang BC, Laursen MF, Hu L, Hazrati H, Narita R, Jensen LS, Hansen AS, Huang J, Zhang Y, Ding X, Muyesier M, Nilsson E, Banasik A, Zeiler C, Mogensen TH, Etzerodt A, Agger R, Johannsen M, Kofod-Olsen E, Paludan SR, Jakobsen MR. Cholesterol-binding motifs in STING that control endoplasmic reticulum retention mediate anti-tumoral activity of cholesterol-lowering compounds. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2760. [PMID: 38553448 PMCID: PMC10980718 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47046-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The cGAS-STING pathway plays a crucial role in anti-tumoral responses by activating inflammation and reprogramming the tumour microenvironment. Upon activation, STING traffics from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to Golgi, allowing signalling complex assembly and induction of interferon and inflammatory cytokines. Here we report that cGAMP stimulation leads to a transient decline in ER cholesterol levels, mediated by Sterol O-Acyltransferase 1-dependent cholesterol esterification. This facilitates ER membrane curvature and STING trafficking to Golgi. Notably, we identify two cholesterol-binding motifs in STING and confirm their contribution to ER-retention of STING. Consequently, depletion of intracellular cholesterol levels enhances STING pathway activation upon cGAMP stimulation. In a preclinical tumour model, intratumorally administered cholesterol depletion therapy potentiated STING-dependent anti-tumoral responses, which, in combination with anti-PD-1 antibodies, promoted tumour remission. Collectively, we demonstrate that ER cholesterol sets a threshold for STING signalling through cholesterol-binding motifs in STING and we propose that this could be exploited for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Cun Zhang
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Marlene F Laursen
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, DK-9220, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Lili Hu
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Hossein Hazrati
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Aarhus University, DK-8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Ryo Narita
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Lea S Jensen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Aida S Hansen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jinrong Huang
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Engineering, Aarhus University, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Xiangning Ding
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | | | - Emil Nilsson
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Agnieszka Banasik
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, DK-9220, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Christina Zeiler
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, DK-9220, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Trine H Mogensen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, DK-8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Anders Etzerodt
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Ralf Agger
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, DK-9220, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Mogens Johannsen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Aarhus University, DK-8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Emil Kofod-Olsen
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, DK-9220, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Søren R Paludan
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Martin R Jakobsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.
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25
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de Leeuw SM, Nuriel T. Intracellular cholesterol visualization in brain tissue using D4H ∗. STAR Protoc 2024; 5:102779. [PMID: 38100357 PMCID: PMC10762518 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2023.102779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Studying cholesterol biology in the brain has been greatly hindered by the lack of adequate cholesterol visualization techniques. Here, we present a protocol for using a high-affinity cholesterol probe D4H∗-mCherry as a histology reagent in mouse or human brain tissue. We describe steps for D4H∗ tissue treatment and crosslinking leading to stable labeling of intracellular membrane cholesterol. Furthermore, co-labeling with Rab5 endosomal marker and optimized buffers to reduce background enable punctate cholesterol visualization within the organelle membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherida M de Leeuw
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Tal Nuriel
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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26
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Luteijn RD, van Terwisga SR, Ver Eecke JE, Onia L, Zaver SA, Woodward JJ, Wubbolts RW, Raulet DH, van Kuppeveld FJM. The activation of the adaptor protein STING depends on its interactions with the phospholipid PI4P. Sci Signal 2024; 17:eade3643. [PMID: 38470955 PMCID: PMC11003704 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.ade3643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Activation of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident adaptor protein STING, a component of a cytosolic DNA-sensing pathway, induces the transcription of genes encoding type I interferons (IFNs) and other proinflammatory factors. Because STING is activated at the Golgi apparatus, control of the localization and activation of STING is important in stimulating antiviral and antitumor immune responses. Through a genome-wide CRISPR interference screen, we found that STING activation required the Golgi-resident protein ACBD3, which promotes the generation of phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PI4P) at the trans-Golgi network, as well as other PI4P-associated proteins. Appropriate localization and activation of STING at the Golgi apparatus required ACBD3 and the PI4P-generating kinase PI4KB. In contrast, STING activation was enhanced when the lipid-shuttling protein OSBP, which removes PI4P from the Golgi apparatus, was inhibited by the US Food and Drug Administration-approved antifungal itraconazole. The increase in the abundance of STING-activating phospholipids at the trans-Golgi network resulted in the increased production of IFN-β and other cytokines in THP-1 cells. Furthermore, a mutant STING that could not bind to PI4P failed to traffic from the ER to the Golgi apparatus in response to a STING agonist, whereas forced relocalization of STING to PI4P-enriched areas elicited STING activation in the absence of stimulation with a STING agonist. Thus, PI4P is critical for STING activation, and manipulating PI4P abundance may therapeutically modulate STING-dependent immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rutger D Luteijn
- Virology Section, Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Sypke R van Terwisga
- Virology Section, Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jill E Ver Eecke
- Virology Section, Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Liberty Onia
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, and Cancer Research Laboratory, Division of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Shivam A Zaver
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Joshua J Woodward
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Richard W Wubbolts
- Centre for Cell Imaging, Division of Cell Biology, Metabolism and Cancer, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - David H Raulet
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, and Cancer Research Laboratory, Division of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Frank J M van Kuppeveld
- Virology Section, Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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27
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Pan X, Ren L, Yang Y, Xu Y, Ning L, Zhang Y, Luo H, Zou Q, Zhang Y. MCSdb, a database of proteins residing in membrane contact sites. Sci Data 2024; 11:281. [PMID: 38459036 PMCID: PMC10923927 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-024-03104-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Organelles do not act as autonomous discrete units but rather as interconnected hubs that engage in extensive communication by forming close contacts called "membrane contact sites (MCSs)". And many proteins have been identified as residing in MCS and playing important roles in maintaining and fulfilling specific functions within these microdomains. However, a comprehensive compilation of these MCS proteins is still lacking. Therefore, we developed MCSdb, a manually curated resource of MCS proteins and complexes from publications. MCSdb documents 7010 MCS protein entries and 263 complexes, involving 24 organelles and 44 MCSs across 11 species. Additionally, MCSdb orchestrates all data into different categories with multitudinous information for presenting MCS proteins. In summary, MCSdb provides a valuable resource for accelerating MCS functional interpretation and interorganelle communication deciphering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianrun Pan
- College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Liping Ren
- School of Healthcare Technology, Chengdu Neusoft University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Yang
- School of Healthcare Technology, Chengdu Neusoft University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Xu
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin Ning
- School of Healthcare Technology, Chengdu Neusoft University, Chengdu, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yibing Zhang
- Glasgow College, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Huaichao Luo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
| | - Quan Zou
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
| | - Yang Zhang
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Academy for Interdiscipline, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
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Agostini F, Pereyra L, Dale J, Yambire KF, Maglioni S, Schiavi A, Ventura N, Milosevic I, Raimundo N. Up-regulation of cholesterol synthesis by lysosomal defects requires a functional mitochondrial respiratory chain. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.06.583589. [PMID: 38496624 PMCID: PMC10942416 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.06.583589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria and lysosomes are two organelles that carry out both signaling and metabolic roles in the cells. Recent evidence has shown that mitochondria and lysosomes are dependent on one another, as primary defects in one cause secondary defects in the other. Nevertheless, the signaling consequences of primary mitochondrial malfunction and of primary lysosomal defects are not similar, despite in both cases there are impairments of mitochondria and of lysosomes. Here, we used RNA sequencing to obtain transcriptomes from cells with primary mitochondrial or lysosomal defects, to identify what are the global cellular consequences that are associated with malfunction of mitochondria or lysosomes. We used these data to determine what are the pathways that are affected by defects in both organelles, which revealed a prominent role for the cholesterol synthesis pathway. This pathway is transcriptionally up-regulated in cellular and mouse models of lysosomal defects and is transcriptionally down-regulated in cellular and mouse models of mitochondrial defects. We identified a role for post-transcriptional regulation of the transcription factor SREBF1, a master regulator of cholesterol and lipid biosynthesis, in models of mitochondrial respiratory chain deficiency. Furthermore, the retention of Ca 2+ in the lysosomes of cells with mitochondrial respiratory chain defects contributes to the differential regulation of the cholesterol synthesis pathway in the mitochondrial and lysosomal defects tested. Finally, we verified in vivo , using models of mitochondria-associated diseases in C. elegans , that normalization of lysosomal Ca 2+ levels results in partial rescue of the developmental arrest induced by the respiratory chain deficiency.
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29
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Settembre C, Perera RM. Lysosomes as coordinators of cellular catabolism, metabolic signalling and organ physiology. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2024; 25:223-245. [PMID: 38001393 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-023-00676-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Every cell must satisfy basic requirements for nutrient sensing, utilization and recycling through macromolecular breakdown to coordinate programmes for growth, repair and stress adaptation. The lysosome orchestrates these key functions through the synchronised interplay between hydrolytic enzymes, nutrient transporters and signalling factors, which together enable metabolic coordination with other organelles and regulation of specific gene expression programmes. In this Review, we discuss recent findings on lysosome-dependent signalling pathways, focusing on how the lysosome senses nutrient availability through its physical and functional association with mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) and how, in response, the microphthalmia/transcription factor E (MiT/TFE) transcription factors exert feedback regulation on lysosome biogenesis. We also highlight the emerging interactions of lysosomes with other organelles, which contribute to cellular homeostasis. Lastly, we discuss how lysosome dysfunction contributes to diverse disease pathologies and how inherited mutations that compromise lysosomal hydrolysis, transport or signalling components lead to multi-organ disorders with severe metabolic and neurological impact. A deeper comprehension of lysosomal composition and function, at both the cellular and organismal level, may uncover fundamental insights into human physiology and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Settembre
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Italy.
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.
| | - Rushika M Perera
- Department of Anatomy, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Pathology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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30
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Giamogante F, Barazzuol L, Maiorca F, Poggio E, Esposito A, Masato A, Napolitano G, Vagnoni A, Calì T, Brini M. A SPLICS reporter reveals [Formula: see text]-synuclein regulation of lysosome-mitochondria contacts which affects TFEB nuclear translocation. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1516. [PMID: 38374070 PMCID: PMC10876553 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46007-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial and lysosomal activities are crucial to maintain cellular homeostasis: optimal coordination is achieved at their membrane contact sites where distinct protein machineries regulate organelle network dynamics, ions and metabolites exchange. Here we describe a genetically encoded SPLICS reporter for short- and long- juxtapositions between mitochondria and lysosomes. We report the existence of narrow and wide lysosome-mitochondria contacts differently modulated by mitophagy, autophagy and genetic manipulation of tethering factors. The overexpression of α-synuclein (α-syn) reduces the apposition of mitochondria/lysosomes membranes and affects their privileged Ca2+ transfer, impinging on TFEB nuclear translocation. We observe enhanced TFEB nuclear translocation in α-syn-overexpressing cells. We propose that α-syn, by interfering with mitochondria/lysosomes tethering impacts on local Ca2+ regulated pathways, among which TFEB mediated signaling, and in turn mitochondrial and lysosomal function. Defects in mitochondria and lysosome represent a common hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases: targeting their communication could open therapeutic avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Giamogante
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (DSB), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Lucia Barazzuol
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (DSB), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Elena Poggio
- Department of Biology (DIBIO), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Alessandra Esposito
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Naples, Italy
- Department of Medical and Translational Science, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Masato
- Department of Biology (DIBIO), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- UK-Dementia Research Institute at UCL, University College London, London, UK
| | - Gennaro Napolitano
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Naples, Italy
- Department of Medical and Translational Science, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessio Vagnoni
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neurosciences, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Tito Calì
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (DSB), University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
- Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
- Study Center for Neurodegeneration (CESNE), University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
| | - Marisa Brini
- Department of Biology (DIBIO), University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
- Study Center for Neurodegeneration (CESNE), University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences (DSF), University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
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31
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Jerabkova-Roda K, Marwaha R, Das T, Goetz JG. Organelle morphology and positioning orchestrate physiological and disease-associated processes. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2024; 86:102293. [PMID: 38096602 PMCID: PMC7616369 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2023.102293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
In cells, organelles are distributed nonrandomly to regulate cells' physiological and disease-associated processes. Based on their morphology, position within the cell, and contacts with other organelles, they exert different biological functions. Endo-lysosomes are critical cell metabolism and nutrient-sensing regulators modulating cell growth and cellular adaptation in response to nutrient availability. Their spatial distribution is intimately linked to their function. In this review, we will discuss the role of endolysosomes under physiological conditions and in the context of cancer progression, with a special focus on their morphology, the molecular mechanisms determining their subcellular position, and the contacts they form with other organelles. We aim to highlight the relationship between cell architecture and cell function and its impact on maintaining organismal homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Jerabkova-Roda
- Tumor Biomechanics, INSERM UMR_S1109, Strasbourg, France; Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France; Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, France.
| | - Rituraj Marwaha
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad (TIFR-H), Hyderabad, 500 046, India
| | - Tamal Das
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad (TIFR-H), Hyderabad, 500 046, India
| | - Jacky G Goetz
- Tumor Biomechanics, INSERM UMR_S1109, Strasbourg, France; Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France; Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, France
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32
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Sun S, Zhao G, Jia M, Jiang Q, Li S, Wang H, Li W, Wang Y, Bian X, Zhao YG, Huang X, Yang G, Cai H, Pastor-Pareja JC, Ge L, Zhang C, Hu J. Stay in touch with the endoplasmic reticulum. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2024; 67:230-257. [PMID: 38212460 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-023-2443-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which is composed of a continuous network of tubules and sheets, forms the most widely distributed membrane system in eukaryotic cells. As a result, it engages a variety of organelles by establishing membrane contact sites (MCSs). These contacts regulate organelle positioning and remodeling, including fusion and fission, facilitate precise lipid exchange, and couple vital signaling events. Here, we systematically review recent advances and converging themes on ER-involved organellar contact. The molecular basis, cellular influence, and potential physiological functions for ER/nuclear envelope contacts with mitochondria, Golgi, endosomes, lysosomes, lipid droplets, autophagosomes, and plasma membrane are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Sun
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Gan Zhao
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Mingkang Jia
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Qing Jiang
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Shulin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Haibin Wang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Wenjing Li
- Laboratory of Computational Biology & Machine Intelligence, School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yunyun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xin Bian
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
| | - Yan G Zhao
- Brain Research Center, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Xun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Ge Yang
- Laboratory of Computational Biology & Machine Intelligence, School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Huaqing Cai
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Jose C Pastor-Pareja
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
- Institute of Neurosciences, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientfflcas-Universidad Miguel Hernandez, San Juan de Alicante, 03550, Spain.
| | - Liang Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Chuanmao Zhang
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
| | - Junjie Hu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
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33
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Schmeisser K, Kaptan D, Raghuraman BK, Shevchenko A, Rodenfels J, Penkov S, Kurzchalia TV. Mobilization of cholesterol induces the transition from quiescence to growth in Caenorhabditis elegans through steroid hormone and mTOR signaling. Commun Biol 2024; 7:121. [PMID: 38267699 PMCID: PMC10808130 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-05804-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Recovery from the quiescent developmental stage called dauer is an essential process in C. elegans and provides an excellent model to understand how metabolic transitions contribute to developmental plasticity. Here we show that cholesterol bound to the small secreted proteins SCL-12 or SCL-13 is sequestered in the gut lumen during the dauer state. Upon recovery from dauer, bound cholesterol undergoes endocytosis into lysosomes of intestinal cells, where SCL-12 and SCL-13 are degraded and cholesterol is released. Free cholesterol activates mTORC1 and is used for the production of dafachronic acids. This leads to promotion of protein synthesis and growth, and a metabolic switch at the transcriptional level. Thus, mobilization of sequestered cholesterol stores is the key event for transition from quiescence to growth, and cholesterol is the major signaling molecule in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Schmeisser
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Damla Kaptan
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Andrej Shevchenko
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jonathan Rodenfels
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
- Physics of Life (PoL), Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sider Penkov
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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34
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Maghe C, Trillet K, André-Grégoire G, Kerhervé M, Merlet L, Jacobs KA, Schauer K, Bidère N, Gavard J. The paracaspase MALT1 controls cholesterol homeostasis in glioblastoma stem-like cells through lysosome proteome shaping. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113631. [PMID: 38183651 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSCs) compose a tumor-initiating and -propagating population remarkably vulnerable to variation in the stability and integrity of the lysosomal compartment. Previous work has shown that the expression and activity of the paracaspase MALT1 control GSC viability via lysosome abundance. However, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. By combining RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) with proteome-wide label-free quantification, we now report that MALT1 repression in patient-derived GSCs alters the homeostasis of cholesterol, which accumulates in late endosomes (LEs)-lysosomes. This failure in cholesterol supply culminates in cell death and autophagy defects, which can be partially reverted by providing exogenous membrane-permeable cholesterol to GSCs. From a molecular standpoint, a targeted lysosome proteome analysis unraveled that Niemann-Pick type C (NPC) lysosomal cholesterol transporters are diluted when MALT1 is impaired. Accordingly, we found that NPC1/2 inhibition and silencing partially mirror MALT1 loss-of-function phenotypes. This supports the notion that GSC fitness relies on lysosomal cholesterol homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Maghe
- Team SOAP, CRCI2NA, Nantes Université, INSERM, CNRS, Université d'Angers, 44000 Nantes, France; Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Kilian Trillet
- Team SOAP, CRCI2NA, Nantes Université, INSERM, CNRS, Université d'Angers, 44000 Nantes, France; Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Gwennan André-Grégoire
- Team SOAP, CRCI2NA, Nantes Université, INSERM, CNRS, Université d'Angers, 44000 Nantes, France; Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, 75013 Paris, France; Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest (ICO), 44800 Saint-Herblain, France
| | - Mathilde Kerhervé
- Team SOAP, CRCI2NA, Nantes Université, INSERM, CNRS, Université d'Angers, 44000 Nantes, France; Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Laura Merlet
- Team SOAP, CRCI2NA, Nantes Université, INSERM, CNRS, Université d'Angers, 44000 Nantes, France; Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Kathryn A Jacobs
- Team SOAP, CRCI2NA, Nantes Université, INSERM, CNRS, Université d'Angers, 44000 Nantes, France; Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Kristine Schauer
- Institut Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, CNRS, 94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Nicolas Bidère
- Team SOAP, CRCI2NA, Nantes Université, INSERM, CNRS, Université d'Angers, 44000 Nantes, France; Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Julie Gavard
- Team SOAP, CRCI2NA, Nantes Université, INSERM, CNRS, Université d'Angers, 44000 Nantes, France; Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, 75013 Paris, France; Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest (ICO), 44800 Saint-Herblain, France.
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35
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Sengupta S, Levy DL. Organelle Communication with the Nucleus. Results Probl Cell Differ 2024; 73:3-23. [PMID: 39242372 PMCID: PMC11409190 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-62036-2_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
Compartmentalization of cellular components is critical to the spatiotemporal and environmental regulation of biochemical activities inside a cell, ensures the proper division of cellular labor and resources, and increases the efficiency of metabolic processes. However, compartmentalization also poses a challenge as organelles often need to communicate across these compartments to complete reaction pathways. These communication signals are often critical aspects of the cellular response to changing environmental conditions. A central signaling hub in the cell, the nucleus communicates with mitochondria, lysosomes, the endoplasmic reticulum, and the Golgi body to ensure optimal organellar and cellular performance. Here we review different mechanisms by which these organelles communicate with the nucleus, focusing on anterograde and retrograde signaling of mitochondria, localization-based signaling of lysosomes, the unfolded protein response of the endoplasmic reticulum, and evidence for nucleus-Golgi signaling. We also include a brief overview of some less well-characterized mechanisms of communication between non-nuclear organelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourabh Sengupta
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - Daniel L Levy
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA.
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36
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Mangione MC, Wen J, Cao DJ. Mechanistic target of rapamycin in regulating macrophage function in inflammatory cardiovascular diseases. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2024; 186:111-124. [PMID: 38039845 PMCID: PMC10843805 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2023.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is evolutionarily conserved from yeast to humans and is one of the most fundamental pathways of living organisms. Since its discovery three decades ago, mTOR has been recognized as the center of nutrient sensing and growth, homeostasis, metabolism, life span, and aging. The role of dysregulated mTOR in common diseases, especially cancer, has been extensively studied and reported. Emerging evidence supports that mTOR critically regulates innate immune responses that govern the pathogenesis of various cardiovascular diseases. This review discusses the regulatory role of mTOR in macrophage functions in acute inflammation triggered by ischemia and in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), in which chronic inflammation plays critical roles. Specifically, we discuss the role of mTOR in trained immunity, immune senescence, and clonal hematopoiesis. In addition, this review includes a discussion on the architecture of mTOR, the function of its regulatory complexes, and the dual-arm signals required for mTOR activation to reflect the current knowledge state. We emphasize future research directions necessary to understand better the powerful pathway to take advantage of the mTOR inhibitors for innovative applications in patients with cardiovascular diseases associated with aging and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- MariaSanta C Mangione
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology Division, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jinhua Wen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology Division, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Dian J Cao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology Division, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; VA North Texas Health Care System, Dallas TX 75216, USA.
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37
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Olkkonen VM, Ikonen E. Getting to Grips with the Oxysterol-Binding Protein Family - a Forty Year Perspective. CONTACT (THOUSAND OAKS (VENTURA COUNTY, CALIF.)) 2024; 7:25152564241273598. [PMID: 39210909 PMCID: PMC11359446 DOI: 10.1177/25152564241273598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
This review discusses how research around the oxysterol-binding protein family has evolved. We briefly summarize how this protein family, designated OSBP-related (ORP) or OSBP-like (OSBPL) proteins, was discovered, how protein domains highly conserved among family members between taxa paved the way for understanding their mechanisms of action, and how insights into protein structural and functional features help to understand their versatility as lipid transporters. We also discuss questions and future avenues of research opened by these findings. The investigations on oxysterol-binding protein family serve as a real-life example of the notion that science often advances as a collective effort of multiple lines of enquiry, including serendipitous routes. While original articles invariably explain the motivation of the research undertaken in rational terms, the actual paths to findings may be less intentional. Fortunately, this does not reduce the impact of the discoveries made. Besides hopefully providing a useful account of ORP family proteins, we aim to convey this message.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesa M. Olkkonen
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elina Ikonen
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine, Dept of Anatomy and Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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38
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Kim Y, Mavodza G, Senkal CE, Burd CG. Cholesterol-dependent homeostatic regulation of very long chain sphingolipid synthesis. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:e202308055. [PMID: 37787764 PMCID: PMC10547602 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202308055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingomyelin plays a key role in cellular cholesterol homeostasis by binding to and sequestering cholesterol in the plasma membrane. We discovered that synthesis of very long chain (VLC) sphingomyelins is inversely regulated by cellular cholesterol levels; acute cholesterol depletion elicited a rapid induction of VLC-sphingolipid synthesis, increased trafficking to the Golgi apparatus and plasma membrane, while cholesterol loading reduced VLC-sphingolipid synthesis. This sphingolipid-cholesterol metabolic axis is distinct from the sterol responsive element binding protein pathway as it requires ceramide synthase 2 (CerS2) activity, epidermal growth factor receptor signaling, and was unaffected by inhibition of protein translation. Depletion of VLC-ceramides reduced plasma membrane cholesterol content, reduced plasma membrane lipid packing, and unexpectedly resulted in the accumulation of cholesterol in the cytoplasmic leaflet of the lysosome membrane. This study establishes the existence of a cholesterol-sphingolipid regulatory axis that maintains plasma membrane lipid homeostasis via regulation of sphingomyelin synthesis and trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeongho Kim
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Grace Mavodza
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Can E. Senkal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
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39
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Goul C, Peruzzo R, Zoncu R. The molecular basis of nutrient sensing and signalling by mTORC1 in metabolism regulation and disease. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2023; 24:857-875. [PMID: 37612414 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-023-00641-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
The Ser/Thr kinase mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a central regulator of cellular metabolism. As part of mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1), mTOR integrates signals such as the levels of nutrients, growth factors, energy sources and oxygen, and triggers responses that either boost anabolism or suppress catabolism. mTORC1 signalling has wide-ranging consequences for the growth and homeostasis of key tissues and organs, and its dysregulated activity promotes cancer, type 2 diabetes, neurodegeneration and other age-related disorders. How mTORC1 integrates numerous upstream cues and translates them into specific downstream responses is an outstanding question with major implications for our understanding of physiology and disease mechanisms. In this Review, we discuss recent structural and functional insights into the molecular architecture of mTORC1 and its lysosomal partners, which have greatly increased our mechanistic understanding of nutrient-dependent mTORC1 regulation. We also discuss the emerging involvement of aberrant nutrient-mTORC1 signalling in multiple diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Goul
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Roberta Peruzzo
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Roberto Zoncu
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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Ebner M, Puchkov D, López-Ortega O, Muthukottiappan P, Su Y, Schmied C, Zillmann S, Nikonenko I, Koddebusch J, Dornan GL, Lucht MT, Koka V, Jang W, Koch PA, Wallroth A, Lehmann M, Brügger B, Pende M, Winter D, Haucke V. Nutrient-regulated control of lysosome function by signaling lipid conversion. Cell 2023; 186:5328-5346.e26. [PMID: 37883971 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Lysosomes serve dual antagonistic functions in cells by mediating anabolic growth signaling and the catabolic turnover of macromolecules. How these janus-faced activities are regulated in response to cellular nutrient status is poorly understood. We show here that lysosome morphology and function are reversibly controlled by a nutrient-regulated signaling lipid switch that triggers the conversion between peripheral motile mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling-active and static mTORC1-inactive degradative lysosomes clustered at the cell center. Starvation-triggered relocalization of phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PI(4)P)-metabolizing enzymes reshapes the lysosomal surface proteome to facilitate lysosomal proteolysis and to repress mTORC1 signaling. Concomitantly, lysosomal phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PI(3)P), which marks motile signaling-active lysosomes in the cell periphery, is erased. Interference with this PI(3)P/PI(4)P lipid switch module impairs the adaptive response of cells to altering nutrient supply. Our data unravel a key function for lysosomal phosphoinositide metabolism in rewiring organellar membrane dynamics in response to cellular nutrient status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Ebner
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dmytro Puchkov
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Orestes López-Ortega
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Pathma Muthukottiappan
- Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Faculty, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Yanwei Su
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christopher Schmied
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Silke Zillmann
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Iryna Nikonenko
- Department of Basic Neurosciences and the Center for Neuroscience, CMU, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Jochen Koddebusch
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center (BZH), Im Neuenheimer Feld 328, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gillian L Dornan
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Max T Lucht
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Vonda Koka
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Wonyul Jang
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Alexander Wallroth
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Lehmann
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Britta Brügger
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center (BZH), Im Neuenheimer Feld 328, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mario Pende
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Dominic Winter
- Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Faculty, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Volker Haucke
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), 13125 Berlin, Germany; Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
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Lee D, Hong JH. Niemann-Pick Disease Type C (NPDC) by Mutation of NPC1 and NPC2: Aberrant Lysosomal Cholesterol Trafficking and Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:2021. [PMID: 38136141 PMCID: PMC10740957 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12122021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol trafficking is initiated by the endocytic pathway and transported from endo/lysosomes to other intracellular organelles. Deficiencies in cholesterol-sensing and binding proteins NPC1 and NPC2 induce accumulation in lysosomes and the malfunction of trafficking to other organelles. Each organelle possesses regulatory factors to induce cholesterol trafficking. The mutation of NPC1 and NPC2 genes induces Niemann-Pick disease type C (NPDC), which is a hereditary disease and causes progressive neurodegeneration, developmental disability, hypotonia, and ataxia. Oxidative stress induces damage in NPDC-related intracellular organelles. Although studies on the relationship between NPDC and oxidation are relatively rare, several studies have reported the therapeutic potential of antioxidants in treating NPDC. Investigating antioxidant drugs to relieve oxidative stress and cholesterol accumulation is suggested to be a powerful tool for developing treatments for NPDC. Understanding NPDC provides challenging issues in understanding the oxidative stress-lysosome metabolism of the lipid axis. Thus, we elucidated the relationship between complexes of intracellular organelles and NPDC to develop our knowledge and suggested potential antioxidant reagents for NPDC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeong Hee Hong
- Department of Health Sciences & Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, 155 Getbeolro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea;
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Navyasree KV, Ramesh ST, Umasankar PK. Cholesterol regulates insulin-induced mTORC1 signaling. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:jcs261402. [PMID: 37921368 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.261402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid activation of the crucial kinase mechanistic target of rapamycin complex-1 (mTORC1) by insulin is key to cell growth in mammals, but the regulatory factors remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that cholesterol plays a crucial role in the regulation of insulin-stimulated mTORC1 signaling. The rapid progression of insulin-induced mTORC1 signaling declines in sterol-depleted cells and restores in cholesterol-repleted cells. In insulin-stimulated cells, cholesterol promotes recruitment of mTORC1 onto lysosomes without affecting insulin-induced dissociation of the TSC complex from lysosomes, thereby enabling complete activation of mTORC1. We also show that under prolonged starvation conditions, cholesterol coordinates with autophagy to support mTORC1 reactivation on lysosomes thereby restoring insulin-responsive mTORC1 signaling. Furthermore, we identify that fibroblasts from individuals with Smith-Lemli-Opitz Syndrome (SLOS) and model HeLa-SLOS cells, which are deficient in cholesterol biosynthesis, exhibit defects in the insulin-mTORC1 growth axis. These defects are rescued by supplementation of exogenous cholesterol or by expression of constitutively active Rag GTPase, a downstream activator of mTORC1. Overall, our findings propose novel signal integration mechanisms to achieve spatial and temporal control of mTORC1-dependent growth signaling and their aberrations in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kolaparamba V Navyasree
- Intracellular Trafficking Laboratory, Transdisciplinary Biology Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695014, India
- PhD Program, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Shikha T Ramesh
- Intracellular Trafficking Laboratory, Transdisciplinary Biology Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695014, India
- PhD Program, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Perunthottathu K Umasankar
- Intracellular Trafficking Laboratory, Transdisciplinary Biology Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695014, India
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Tan JX, Finkel T. Lysosomes in senescence and aging. EMBO Rep 2023; 24:e57265. [PMID: 37811693 PMCID: PMC10626421 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202357265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction of lysosomes, the primary hydrolytic organelles in animal cells, is frequently associated with aging and age-related diseases. At the cellular level, lysosomal dysfunction is strongly linked to cellular senescence or the induction of cell death pathways. However, the precise mechanisms by which lysosomal dysfunction participates in these various cellular or organismal phenotypes have remained elusive. The ability of lysosomes to degrade diverse macromolecules including damaged proteins and organelles puts lysosomes at the center of multiple cellular stress responses. Lysosomal activity is tightly regulated by many coordinated cellular processes including pathways that function inside and outside of the organelle. Here, we collectively classify these coordinated pathways as the lysosomal processing and adaptation system (LYPAS). We review evidence that the LYPAS is upregulated by diverse cellular stresses, its adaptability regulates senescence and cell death decisions, and it can form the basis for therapeutic manipulation for a wide range of age-related diseases and potentially for aging itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay Xiaojun Tan
- Aging InstituteUniversity of Pittsburgh School of Medicine/University of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPittsburghPAUSA
- Department of Cell BiologyUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPAUSA
| | - Toren Finkel
- Aging InstituteUniversity of Pittsburgh School of Medicine/University of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPittsburghPAUSA
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPAUSA
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Tangudu NK, Huang Z, Fang R, Buj R, Uboveja A, Cole AR, Happe C, Sun M, Gelhaus SL, MacDonald ML, Hempel N, Snyder NW, Aird KM. ATR promotes mTORC1 activation via de novo cholesterol synthesis in p16-low cancer cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.27.564195. [PMID: 37961201 PMCID: PMC10634888 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.27.564195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
DNA damage and cellular metabolism are intricately linked with bidirectional feedback. Two of the main effectors of the DNA damage response and control of cellular metabolism are ATR and mTORC1, respectively. Prior work has placed ATR upstream of mTORC1 during replication stress, yet the direct mechanism for how mTORC1 is activated in this context remain unclear. We previously published that p16-low cells have mTORC1 hyperactivation, which in part promotes their proliferation. Using this model, we found that ATR, but not ATM, is upstream of mTORC1 activation via de novo cholesterol synthesis and is associated with increased lanosterol synthase (LSS). Indeed, p16-low cells showed increased cholesterol abundance. Additionally, knockdown of either ATR or LSS decreased mTORC1 activity. Decreased mTORC1 activity due to ATR knockdown was rescued by cholesterol supplementation. Finally, using both LSS inhibitors and multiple FDA-approved de novo cholesterol synthesis inhibitors, we found that the de novo cholesterol biosynthesis pathway is a metabolic vulnerability of p16-low cells. Together, our data provide new evidence coupling the DNA damage response and cholesterol metabolism and demonstrate the feasibility of using FDA-approved cholesterol-lowering drugs in tumors with loss of p16.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Kumar Tangudu
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA; Health Sciences Mass Spectrometry Core, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA, USA
| | - Zhentai Huang
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA; Health Sciences Mass Spectrometry Core, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA, USA
| | - Richard Fang
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA; Health Sciences Mass Spectrometry Core, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA, USA
| | - Raquel Buj
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA; Health Sciences Mass Spectrometry Core, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA, USA
| | - Apoorva Uboveja
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA; Health Sciences Mass Spectrometry Core, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA, USA
| | - Aidan R. Cole
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA; Health Sciences Mass Spectrometry Core, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA, USA
| | - Cassandra Happe
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA; Health Sciences Mass Spectrometry Core, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA, USA
| | - Mai Sun
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA; Health Sciences Mass Spectrometry Core, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA, USA
| | - Stacy L. Gelhaus
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology and Health Sciences Mass Spectrometry Core, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA, USA
| | - Matthew L. MacDonald
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA; Health Sciences Mass Spectrometry Core, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Nadine Hempel
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA; Health Sciences Mass Spectrometry Core, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Nathaniel W. Snyder
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Aging + Cardiovascular Discovery Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Katherine M. Aird
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA; Health Sciences Mass Spectrometry Core, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA, USA
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Kho I, Demina EP, Pan X, Londono I, Cairo CW, Sturiale L, Palmigiano A, Messina A, Garozzo D, Ung RV, Mac-Way F, Bonneil É, Thibault P, Lemaire M, Morales CR, Pshezhetsky AV. Severe kidney dysfunction in sialidosis mice reveals an essential role for neuraminidase 1 in reabsorption. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e166470. [PMID: 37698928 PMCID: PMC10619504 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.166470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Sialidosis is an ultra-rare multisystemic lysosomal disease caused by mutations in the neuraminidase 1 (NEU1) gene. The severe type II form of the disease manifests with a prenatal/infantile or juvenile onset, bone abnormalities, severe neuropathology, and visceromegaly. A subset of these patients present with nephrosialidosis, characterized by abrupt onset of fulminant glomerular nephropathy. We studied the pathophysiological mechanism of the disease in 2 NEU1-deficient mouse models, a constitutive Neu1-knockout, Neu1ΔEx3, and a conditional phagocyte-specific knockout, Neu1Cx3cr1ΔEx3. Mice of both strains exhibited terminal urinary retention and severe kidney damage with elevated urinary albumin levels, loss of nephrons, renal fibrosis, presence of storage vacuoles, and dysmorphic mitochondria in the intraglomerular and tubular cells. Glycoprotein sialylation in glomeruli, proximal distal tubules, and distal tubules was drastically increased, including that of an endocytic reabsorption receptor megalin. The pool of megalin bearing O-linked glycans with terminal galactose residues, essential for protein targeting and activity, was reduced to below detection levels. Megalin levels were severely reduced, and the protein was directed to lysosomes instead of the apical membrane. Together, our results demonstrated that desialylation by NEU1 plays a crucial role in processing and cellular trafficking of megalin and that NEU1 deficiency in sialidosis impairs megalin-mediated protein reabsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikhui Kho
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Ekaterina P. Demina
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Xuefang Pan
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Irene Londono
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Luisa Sturiale
- CNR, Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, Catania, Italy
| | - Angelo Palmigiano
- CNR, Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, Catania, Italy
| | - Angela Messina
- CNR, Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, Catania, Italy
| | - Domenico Garozzo
- CNR, Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, Catania, Italy
| | - Roth-Visal Ung
- CHU de Québec Research Center, L’Hôtel-Dieu de Québec Hospital, Faculty and Department of Medicine, University Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Fabrice Mac-Way
- CHU de Québec Research Center, L’Hôtel-Dieu de Québec Hospital, Faculty and Department of Medicine, University Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Éric Bonneil
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, University of Montreal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Pierre Thibault
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, University of Montreal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Mathieu Lemaire
- Division of Nephrology, The Hospital for Sick Kids, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Cell Biology Program, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carlos R. Morales
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Alexey V. Pshezhetsky
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
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Sarhadi TR, Panse JS, Nagotu S. Mind the gap: Methods to study membrane contact sites. Exp Cell Res 2023; 431:113756. [PMID: 37633408 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2023.113756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Organelles are dynamic entities whose functions are essential for the optimum functioning of cells. It is now known that the juxtaposition of organellar membranes is essential for the exchange of metabolites and their communication. These functional apposition sites are termed membrane contact sites. Dynamic membrane contact sites between various sub-cellular structures such as mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, peroxisomes, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, lipid droplets, plasma membrane, endosomes, etc. have been reported in various model systems. The burgeoning area of research on membrane contact sites has witnessed several manuscripts in recent years that identified the contact sites and components involved. Several methods have been developed to identify, measure and analyze the membrane contact sites. In this manuscript, we aim to discuss important methods developed to date that are used to study membrane contact sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanveera Rounaque Sarhadi
- Organelle Biology and Cellular Ageing Lab, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Janhavee Shirish Panse
- Organelle Biology and Cellular Ageing Lab, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Shirisha Nagotu
- Organelle Biology and Cellular Ageing Lab, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India.
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Mylvaganam S, Freeman SA. The resolution of phagosomes. Immunol Rev 2023; 319:45-64. [PMID: 37551912 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Phagocytosis is a fundamental immunobiological process responsible for the removal of harmful particulates. While the number of phagocytic events achieved by a single phagocyte can be remarkable, exceeding hundreds per day, the same phagocytic cells are relatively long-lived. It should therefore be obvious that phagocytic meals must be resolved in order to maintain the responsiveness of the phagocyte and to avoid storage defects. In this article, we discuss the mechanisms involved in the resolution process, including solute transport pathways and membrane traffic. We describe how products liberated in phagolysosomes support phagocyte metabolism and the immune response. We also speculate on mechanisms involved in the redistribution of phagosomal metabolites back to circulation. Finally, we highlight the pathologies owed to impaired phagosome resolution, which range from storage disorders to neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivakami Mylvaganam
- Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Spencer A Freeman
- Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Liu H, Shao W, Liu W, Shang W, Liu JP, Wang L, Tong C. PtdIns4P exchange at endoplasmic reticulum-autolysosome contacts is essential for autophagy and neuronal homeostasis. Autophagy 2023; 19:2682-2701. [PMID: 37289040 PMCID: PMC10472871 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2023.2222556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Inter-organelle contacts enable crosstalk among organelles, facilitating the exchange of materials and coordination of cellular events. In this study, we demonstrated that, upon starvation, autolysosomes recruit Pi4KIIα (Phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase II α) to generate phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate (PtdIns4P) on their surface and establish endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-autolysosome contacts through PtdIns4P binding proteins Osbp (Oxysterol binding protein) and cert (ceramide transfer protein). We found that the Sac1 (Sac1 phosphatase), Osbp, and cert proteins are required for the reduction of PtdIns4P on autolysosomes. Loss of any of these proteins leads to defective macroautophagy/autophagy and neurodegeneration. Osbp, cert, and Sac1 are required for ER-Golgi contacts in fed cells. Our data establishes a new mode of organelle contact formation - the ER-Golgi contact machinery can be reused by ER-autolysosome contacts by re-locating PtdIns4P from the Golgi apparatus to autolysosomes when faced with starvation.Abbreviations: Atg1: Autophagy-related 1; Atg8: Autophagy-related 8; Atg9: Autophagy-related 9; Atg12: Autophagy-related 12; cert: ceramide transfer protein; Cp1/CathL: cysteine proteinase-1; CTL: control; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; ERMCS: ER-mitochondria contact site; fwd: four wheel drive; GM130: Golgi matrix protein 130 kD; Osbp: Oxysterol binding protein; PG: phagophore; PtdIns4K: phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase; Pi4KIIα: Phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase II α; Pi4KIIIα: Phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase III α; PtdIns4P: phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate; PR: photoreceptor cell; RT: room temperature; Sac1: Sac1 phosphatase; Stv: starvation; Syx17: Syntaxin 17; TEM: transmission electron microscopy; VAP: VAMP-associated protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Gastroenterology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenxia Shao
- MOE Key Laboratory for Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Gastroenterology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Gastroenterology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weina Shang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun-Ping Liu
- Institute of Aging Research, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liquan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chao Tong
- MOE Key Laboratory for Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Gastroenterology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Aging Research, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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Naito T, Yang H, Koh DHZ, Mahajan D, Lu L, Saheki Y. Regulation of cellular cholesterol distribution via non-vesicular lipid transport at ER-Golgi contact sites. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5867. [PMID: 37735529 PMCID: PMC10514280 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41213-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal distribution of cellular cholesterol is associated with numerous diseases, including cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Regulated transport of cholesterol is critical for maintaining its proper distribution in the cell, yet the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we show that lipid transfer proteins, namely ORP9, OSBP, and GRAMD1s/Asters (GRAMD1a/GRAMD1b/GRAMD1c), control non-vesicular cholesterol transport at points of contact between the ER and the trans-Golgi network (TGN), thereby maintaining cellular cholesterol distribution. ORP9 localizes to the TGN via interaction between its tandem α-helices and ORP10/ORP11. ORP9 extracts PI4P from the TGN to prevent its overaccumulation and suppresses OSBP-mediated PI4P-driven cholesterol transport to the Golgi. By contrast, GRAMD1s transport excess cholesterol from the Golgi to the ER, thereby preventing its build-up. Cells lacking ORP9 exhibit accumulation of cholesterol at the Golgi, which is further enhanced by additional depletion of GRAMD1s with major accumulation in the plasma membrane. This is accompanied by chronic activation of the SREBP-2 signalling pathway. Our findings reveal the importance of regulated lipid transport at ER-Golgi contacts for maintaining cellular cholesterol distribution and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Naito
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Haoning Yang
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Dylan Hong Zheng Koh
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Divyanshu Mahajan
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Lei Lu
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Yasunori Saheki
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 308232, Singapore.
- Institute of Resource Development and Analysis, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan.
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Hempelmann P, Lolicato F, Graziadei A, Brown RDR, Spiegel S, Rappsilber J, Nickel W, Höglinger D, Jamecna D. The sterol transporter STARD3 transports sphingosine at ER-lysosome contact sites. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.18.557036. [PMID: 37790546 PMCID: PMC10542139 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.18.557036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Sphingolipids are important structural components of membranes. Additionally, simple sphingolipids such as sphingosine are highly bioactive and participate in complex subcellular signaling. Sphingolipid deregulation is associated with many severe diseases including diabetes, Parkinson's and cancer. Here, we focus on how sphingosine, generated from sphingolipid catabolism in late endosomes/lysosomes, is reintegrated into the biosynthetic machinery at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). We characterized the sterol transporter STARD3 as a sphingosine transporter acting at lysosome-ER contact sites. Experiments featuring crosslinkable sphingosine probes, supported by unbiased molecular dynamics simulations, exposed how sphingosine binds to the lipid-binding domain of STARD3. Following the metabolic fate of pre-localized lysosomal sphingosine showed the importance of STARD3 and its actions at contact sites for the integration of sphingosine into ceramide in a cellular context. Our findings provide the first example of interorganellar sphingosine transfer and pave the way for a better understanding of sphingolipid - sterol co-regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Hempelmann
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 328, 69120 Heidelberg
| | - Fabio Lolicato
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 328, 69120 Heidelberg
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Andrea Graziadei
- Institute for Biotechnology, Technical University Berlin, Gustav Mayer Allee 25, 13355 Berlin
| | - Ryan D R Brown
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA
| | - Sarah Spiegel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA
| | - Juri Rappsilber
- Institute for Biotechnology, Technical University Berlin, Gustav Mayer Allee 25, 13355 Berlin
| | - Walter Nickel
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 328, 69120 Heidelberg
| | - Doris Höglinger
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 328, 69120 Heidelberg
| | - Denisa Jamecna
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 328, 69120 Heidelberg
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