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Khan M, Huang X, Ye X, Zhang D, Wang B, Xu A, Li R, Ren A, Chen C, Song J, Zheng R, Yuan Y, Lin J. Necroptosis-based glioblastoma prognostic subtypes: implications for TME remodeling and therapy response. Ann Med 2024; 56:2405079. [PMID: 39387496 PMCID: PMC11469424 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2024.2405079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 08/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 10/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive primary brain tumor with a high recurrence rate and poor prognosis. Necroptosis, a pathological hallmark of GBM, is poorly understood in terms of its role in prognosis, tumor microenvironment (TME) alteration, and immunotherapy. METHODS & RESULTS We assessed the expression of 55 necroptosis-related genes in GBM and normal brain tissues. We identified necroptosis-stratified clusters using Uni-Cox and Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression to establish the 10-gene Glioblastoma Necroptosis Index (GNI). GNI demonstrated significant prognostic efficacy in the TCGA dataset (n = 160) and internal validation dataset (n = 345) and in external validation cohorts (n = 591). The GNI-high subgroup displayed a mesenchymal phenotype, lacking the IDH1 mutation, and MGMT methylation. This subgroup was characterized by significant enrichment in inflammatory and humoral immune pathways with prominent cell adhesion molecules (CD44 and ICAM1), inflammatory cytokines (TGFB1, IL1B, and IL10), and chemokines (CX3CL1, CXCL9, and CCL5). The TME in this subgroup showed elevated infiltration of M0 macrophages, neutrophils, mast cells, and regulatory T cells. GNI-related genes appeared to limit macrophage polarization, as confirmed by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. The top 30% high-risk score subset exhibited increased CD8 T cell infiltration and enhanced cytolytic activity. GNI showed promise in predicting responses to immunotherapy and targeted treatment. CONCLUSIONS Our study highlights the role of necroptosis-related genes in glioblastoma (GBM) and their effects on the tumor microenvironment and patient prognosis. TheGNI demonstrates potential as a prognostic marker and provides insights into immune characteristics and treatment responsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Khan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Guangzhou Institute of Cancer Research, the Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiuting Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Guangzhou Institute of Cancer Research, the Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxin Ye
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Guangzhou Institute of Cancer Research, the Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Donghui Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Guangzhou Institute of Cancer Research, the Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Baiyao Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Guangzhou Institute of Cancer Research, the Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Anan Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Guangzhou Institute of Cancer Research, the Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Guangzhou Institute of Cancer Research, the Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Anbang Ren
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Guangzhou Institute of Cancer Research, the Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chengcong Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Guangzhou Institute of Cancer Research, the Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Song
- Department of Pathology, Guangzhou Institute of Cancer Research, the Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rong Zheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Intelligent Imaging and Precision Radiotherapy for Tumors, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Clinical Research Center for Radiology and Radiotherapy of Fujian Province (Digestive, Hematological and Breast Malignancies), Fuzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yawei Yuan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Guangzhou Institute of Cancer Research, the Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Guangzhou Institute of Cancer Research, the Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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2
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Li H, Lin S, Wang Y, Shi Y, Fang X, Wang J, Cui H, Bian Y, Qi X. Immunosenescence: A new direction in anti-aging research. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 141:112900. [PMID: 39137628 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
The immune system is a major regulatory system of the body, that is composed of immune cells, immune organs, and related signaling factors. As an organism ages, observable age-related changes in the function of the immune system accumulate in a process described as 'immune aging. Research has shown that the impact of aging on immunity is detrimental, with various dysregulated responses that affect the function of immune cells at the cellular level. For example, increased aging has been shown to result in the abnormal chemotaxis of neutrophils and decreased phagocytosis of macrophages. Age-related diminished functionality of immune cell types has direct effects on host fitness, leading to poorer responses to vaccination, more inflammation and tissue damage, as well as autoimmune disorders and the inability to control infections. Similarly, age impacts the function of the immune system at the organ level, resulting in decreased hematopoietic function in the bone marrow, a gradual deficiency of catalase in the thymus, and thymic atrophy, resulting in reduced production of related immune cells such as B cells and T cells, further increasing the risk of autoimmune disorders in the elderly. As the immune function of the body weakens, aging cells and inflammatory factors cannot be cleared, resulting in a cycle of increased inflammation that accumulates over time. Cumulatively, the consequences of immune aging increase the likelihood of developing age-related diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, atherosclerosis, and osteoporosis, among others. Therefore, targeting the age-related changes that occur within cells of the immune system might be an effective anti-aging strategy. In this article, we summarize the relevant literature on immune aging research, focusing on its impact on aging, in hopes of providing new directions for anti-aging research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanzhou Li
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Shan Lin
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuming Wang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuexuan Shi
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xixing Fang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Jida Wang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Huantian Cui
- Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Yunnan, China.
| | - Yuhong Bian
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.
| | - Xin Qi
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China.
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3
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Lee SH, Sacks DL. Resilience of dermis resident macrophages to inflammatory challenges. Exp Mol Med 2024:10.1038/s12276-024-01313-z. [PMID: 39349826 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-024-01313-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 10/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The skin serves as a complex barrier organ populated by tissue-resident macrophages (TRMs), which play critical roles in defense, homeostasis, and tissue repair. This review examines the functions of dermis resident TRMs in different inflammatory settings, their embryonic origins, and their long-term self-renewal capabilities. We highlight the M2-like phenotype of dermal TRMs and their specialized functions in perivascular and perineuronal niches. Their interactions with type 2 immune cells, autocrine cytokines such as IL-10, and their phagocytic clearance of apoptotic cells have been explored as mechanisms for M2-like dermal TRM self-maintenance and function. In conclusion, we address the need to bridge murine models with human studies, with the possibility of targeting TRMs to promote skin immunity or restrain cutaneous pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hun Lee
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David L Sacks
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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4
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Chaudhary R, Rehman M, Agarwal V, Kumar A, Kaushik AS, Srivastava S, Srivastava S, Verma R, Rajinikanth PS, Mishra V. Terra incognita of glial cell dynamics in the etiology of leukodystrophies: Broadening disease and therapeutic perspectives. Life Sci 2024; 354:122953. [PMID: 39122110 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Neuroglial cells, also known as glia, are primarily characterized as auxiliary cells within the central nervous system (CNS). The recent findings have shed light on their significance in numerous physiological processes and their involvement in various neurological disorders. Leukodystrophies encompass an array of rare and hereditary neurodegenerative conditions that were initially characterized by the deficiency, aberration, or degradation of myelin sheath within CNS. The primary cellular populations that experience significant alterations are astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and microglia. These glial cells are either structurally or metabolically impaired due to inherent cellular dysfunction. Alternatively, they may fall victim to the accumulation of harmful by-products resulting from metabolic disturbances. In either situation, the possible replacement of glial cells through the utilization of implanted tissue or stem cell-derived human neural or glial progenitor cells hold great promise as a therapeutic strategy for both the restoration of structural integrity through remyelination and the amelioration of metabolic deficiencies. Various emerging treatment strategies like stem cell therapy, ex-vivo gene therapy, infusion of adeno-associated virus vectors, emerging RNA-based therapies as well as long-term therapies have demonstrated success in pre-clinical studies and show promise for rapid clinical translation. Here, we addressed various leukodystrophies in a comprehensive and detailed manner as well as provide prospective therapeutic interventions that are being considered for clinical trials. Further, we aim to emphasize the crucial role of different glial cells in the pathogenesis of leukodystrophies. By doing so, we hope to advance our understanding of the disease, elucidate underlying mechanisms, and facilitate the development of potential treatment interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishabh Chaudhary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226025, U.P., India
| | - Mujeeba Rehman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226025, U.P., India
| | - Vipul Agarwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226025, U.P., India
| | - Anand Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226025, U.P., India
| | - Arjun Singh Kaushik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226025, U.P., India
| | - Siddhi Srivastava
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226025, U.P., India
| | - Sukriti Srivastava
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226025, U.P., India
| | - Rajkumar Verma
- University of Connecticut School of Medicine, 200 Academic Way, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - P S Rajinikanth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226025, U.P., India
| | - Vikas Mishra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226025, U.P., India.
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5
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Nemec KM, Uy G, Chaluvadi VS, Purnell FS, Elfayoumi B, O'Brien CA, Aisenberg WH, Lombroso SI, Guo X, Blank N, Oon CH, Yaqoob F, Temsamrit B, Rawat P, Thaiss CA, Wang Q, Bennett ML, Bennett FC. Microglia replacement by ER-Hoxb8 conditionally immortalized macrophages provides insight into Aicardi-Goutières Syndrome neuropathology. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.09.18.613629. [PMID: 39345609 PMCID: PMC11430044 DOI: 10.1101/2024.09.18.613629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
Microglia, the brain's resident macrophages, can be reconstituted by surrogate cells - a process termed "microglia replacement." To expand the microglia replacement toolkit, we here introduce estrogen-regulated (ER) homeobox B8 (Hoxb8) conditionally immortalized macrophages, a cell model for generation of immune cells from murine bone marrow, as a versatile model for microglia replacement. We find that ER-Hoxb8 macrophages are highly comparable to primary bone marrow-derived (BMD) macrophages in vitro, and, when transplanted into a microglia-free brain, engraft the parenchyma and differentiate into microglia-like cells. Furthermore, ER-Hoxb8 progenitors are readily transducible by virus and easily stored as stable, genetically manipulated cell lines. As a demonstration of this system's power for studying the effects of disease mutations on microglia in vivo, we created stable, Adar1-mutated ER-Hoxb8 lines using CRISPR-Cas9 to study the intrinsic contribution of macrophages to Aicardi-Goutières Syndrome (AGS), an inherited interferonopathy that primarily affects the brain and immune system. We find that Adar1 knockout elicited interferon secretion and impaired macrophage production in vitro, while preventing brain macrophage engraftment in vivo - phenotypes that can be rescued with concurrent mutation of Ifih1 (MDA5) in vitro, but not in vivo. Lastly, we extended these findings by generating ER-Hoxb8 progenitors from mice harboring a patient-specific Adar1 mutation (D1113H). We demonstrated the ability of microglia-specific D1113H mutation to drive interferon production in vivo, suggesting microglia drive AGS neuropathology. In sum, we introduce the ER-Hoxb8 approach to model microglia replacement and use it to clarify macrophage contributions to AGS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey M Nemec
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Genevieve Uy
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - V Sai Chaluvadi
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Freddy S Purnell
- Department of Biology, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Epigenetics Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine. Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Bilal Elfayoumi
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Carleigh A O'Brien
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - William H Aisenberg
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sonia I Lombroso
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Xinfeng Guo
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Niklas Blank
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Chet Huan Oon
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Fazeela Yaqoob
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Brian Temsamrit
- Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Priyanka Rawat
- Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Christoph A Thaiss
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Qingde Wang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mariko L Bennett
- Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - F Chris Bennett
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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6
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Milazzo R, Montepeloso A, Kumar R, Ferro F, Cavalca E, Rigoni P, Cabras P, Ciervo Y, Das S, Capotondo A, Pellin D, Peviani M, Biffi A. Therapeutic efficacy of intracerebral hematopoietic stem cell gene therapy in an Alzheimer's disease mouse model. Nat Commun 2024; 15:8024. [PMID: 39271711 PMCID: PMC11399302 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-52301-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The conditions supporting the generation of microglia-like cells in the central nervous system (CNS) after transplantation of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPC) have been studied to advance the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. Here, we explored the transplantation efficacy of different cell subsets and delivery routes with the goal of favoring the establishment of a stable and exclusive engraftment of HSPCs and their progeny in the CNS of female mice. In this setting, we show that the CNS environment drives the expansion, distribution and myeloid differentiation of the locally transplanted cells towards a microglia-like phenotype. Intra-CNS transplantation of HSPCs engineered to overexpress TREM2 decreased neuroinflammation, Aβ aggregation and improved memory in 5xFAD female mice. Our proof of concept study demonstrates the therapeutic potential of HSPC gene therapy for Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Milazzo
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Women and Child's Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cell and Gene Therapy, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Annita Montepeloso
- Gene Therapy Program, Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Gene Therapy Program, Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Francesca Ferro
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cell and Gene Therapy, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Gene Therapy Program, Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eleonora Cavalca
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cell and Gene Therapy, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Gene Therapy Program, Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pietro Rigoni
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Women and Child's Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Paolo Cabras
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", Cellular and Molecular Neuropharmacology lab, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Yuri Ciervo
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Women and Child's Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Sabyasachi Das
- Gene Therapy Program, Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alessia Capotondo
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cell and Gene Therapy, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Danilo Pellin
- Gene Therapy Program, Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marco Peviani
- Gene Therapy Program, Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", Cellular and Molecular Neuropharmacology lab, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Alessandra Biffi
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Women and Child's Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cell and Gene Therapy, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
- Gene Therapy Program, Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA, USA.
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7
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Fan X, Chen H, He W, Zhang J. Emerging microglial biology highlights potential therapeutic targets for Alzheimer's disease. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 101:102471. [PMID: 39218078 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2024] [Revised: 08/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a chronic degenerative disease of the central nervous system, which primarily affects elderly people and accounts for 70-80 % of dementia cases. The current prevailing amyloid cascade hypothesis suggests that Alzheimer's disease begins with the deposition of amyloid β (Aβ) in the brain. Major therapeutic strategies target Aβ production, aggregation, and clearance, although many clinical trials have shown that these therapeutic strategies are not sufficient to completely improve cognitive deficits in AD patients. Recent genome-wide association studies have identified that multiple important regulators are the most significant genetic risk factors for Alzheimer's disease, especially in the innate immune pathways. These genetic risk factors suggest a critical role for microglia, highlighting their therapeutic potential in treating neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we discuss how these recently documented AD risk genes affect microglial function and AD pathology and how they can be further targeted to regulate microglial states and slow AD progression, especially the highly anticipated APOE and TREM2 targets. We focused on recent findings that modulation of innate and adaptive neuroimmune microenvironment crosstalk reverses cognitive deficits in AD patients. We also considered novel strategies for microglia in AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Fan
- Department of Immunology, CAMS Key laboratory T cell and Cancer Immunotherapy, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Beijing 100005, China; Research Unit of Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Nasal Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Immunology, CAMS Key laboratory T cell and Cancer Immunotherapy, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Beijing 100005, China.
| | - Wei He
- Department of Immunology, CAMS Key laboratory T cell and Cancer Immunotherapy, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Beijing 100005, China.
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- Department of Immunology, CAMS Key laboratory T cell and Cancer Immunotherapy, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Beijing 100005, China; Changzhou Xitaihu Institute for Frontier Technology of Cell Therapy, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, China.
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8
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Chadarevian JP, Hasselmann J, Lahian A, Capocchi JK, Escobar A, Lim TE, Le L, Tu C, Nguyen J, Kiani Shabestari S, Carlen-Jones W, Gandhi S, Bu G, Hume DA, Pridans C, Wszolek ZK, Spitale RC, Davtyan H, Blurton-Jones M. Therapeutic potential of human microglia transplantation in a chimeric model of CSF1R-related leukoencephalopathy. Neuron 2024; 112:2686-2707.e8. [PMID: 38897209 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2024.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Microglia replacement strategies are increasingly being considered for the treatment of primary microgliopathies like adult-onset leukoencephalopathy with axonal spheroids and pigmented glia (ALSP). However, available mouse models fail to recapitulate the diverse neuropathologies and reduced microglia numbers observed in patients. In this study, we generated a xenotolerant mouse model lacking the fms-intronic regulatory element (FIRE) enhancer within Csf1r, which develops nearly all the hallmark pathologies associated with ALSP. Remarkably, transplantation of human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived microglial (iMG) progenitors restores a homeostatic microglial signature and prevents the development of axonal spheroids, white matter abnormalities, reactive astrocytosis, and brain calcifications. Furthermore, transplantation of CRISPR-corrected ALSP-patient-derived iMG reverses pre-existing spheroids, astrogliosis, and calcification pathologies. Together with the accompanying study by Munro and colleagues, our results demonstrate the utility of FIRE mice to model ALSP and provide compelling evidence that iMG transplantation could offer a promising new therapeutic strategy for ALSP and perhaps other microglia-associated neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Paul Chadarevian
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan Hasselmann
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Alina Lahian
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Joia K Capocchi
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Adrian Escobar
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Tau En Lim
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Lauren Le
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Christina Tu
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Jasmine Nguyen
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Sepideh Kiani Shabestari
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - William Carlen-Jones
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Sunil Gandhi
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Guojun Bu
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - David A Hume
- Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Clare Pridans
- University of Edinburgh, University of Edinburgh Center for Inflammation Research, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Robert C Spitale
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Hayk Davtyan
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
| | - Mathew Blurton-Jones
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
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9
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Du S, Drieu A, Cheng Y, Storck SE, Rustenhoven J, Mamuladze T, Bhattarai B, Brioschi S, Nguyen K, Ou F, Cao J, Rodrigues PF, Smirnov I, DeNardo D, Ginhoux F, Cella M, Colonna M, Kipnis J. Brain-Engrafted Monocyte-derived Macrophages from Blood and Skull-Bone Marrow Exhibit Distinct Identities from Microglia. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.08.08.606900. [PMID: 39211090 PMCID: PMC11361186 DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.08.606900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Microglia are thought to originate exclusively from primitive macrophage progenitors in the yolk sac (YS) and to persist throughout life without much contribution from definitive hematopoiesis. Here, using lineage tracing, pharmacological manipulation, and RNA-sequencing, we elucidated the presence and characteristics of monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) in the brain parenchyma at baseline and during microglia repopulation, and defined the core transcriptional signatures of brain-engrafted MDMs. Lineage tracing mouse models revealed that MDMs transiently express CD206 during brain engraftment as CD206 + microglia precursors in the YS. We found that brain-engrafted MDMs exhibit transcriptional and epigenetic characteristics akin to meningeal macrophages, likely due to environmental imprinting within the meningeal space. Utilizing parabiosis and skull transplantation, we demonstrated that monocytes from both peripheral blood and skull bone marrow can repopulate microglia-depleted brains. Our results reveal the heterogeneous origins and cellular dynamics of brain parenchymal macrophages at baseline and in models of microglia depletion.
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10
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Stoolman JS, Grant RA, Poor TA, Weinberg SE, D'Alessandro KB, Tan J, Hu JYS, Zerrer ME, Wood WA, Harding MC, Soni S, Ridge KM, Schumacker PT, Budinger GRS, Chandel NS. Mitochondrial respiration in microglia is essential for response to demyelinating injury but not proliferation. Nat Metab 2024; 6:1492-1504. [PMID: 39048801 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-024-01080-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Microglia are necessary for central nervous system (CNS) function during development and play roles in ageing, Alzheimer's disease and the response to demyelinating injury1-5. The mitochondrial respiratory chain (RC) is necessary for conventional T cell proliferation6 and macrophage-dependent immune responses7-10. However, whether mitochondrial RC is essential for microglia proliferation or function is not known. We conditionally deleted the mitochondrial complex III subunit Uqcrfs1 (Rieske iron-sulfur polypeptide 1) in the microglia of adult mice to assess the requirement of microglial RC for survival, proliferation and adult CNS function in vivo. Notably, mitochondrial RC function was not required for survival or proliferation of microglia in vivo. RNA sequencing analysis showed that loss of RC function in microglia caused changes in gene expression distinct from aged or disease-associated microglia. Microglia-specific loss of mitochondrial RC function is not sufficient to induce cognitive decline. Amyloid-β plaque coverage decreased and microglial interaction with amyloid-β plaques increased in the hippocampus of 5xFAD mice with mitochondrial RC-deficient microglia. Microglia-specific loss of mitochondrial RC function did impair remyelination following an acute, reversible demyelinating event. Thus, mitochondrial respiration in microglia is dispensable for proliferation but is essential to maintain a proper response to CNS demyelinating injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua S Stoolman
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Rogan A Grant
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Taylor A Poor
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Samuel E Weinberg
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Karis B D'Alessandro
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jerica Tan
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jennifer Yuan-Shih Hu
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Megan E Zerrer
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Walter A Wood
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Madeline C Harding
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sahil Soni
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Karen M Ridge
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Paul T Schumacker
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - G R Scott Budinger
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Navdeep S Chandel
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
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11
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Sierra A, Miron VE, Paolicelli RC, Ransohoff RM. Microglia in Health and Diseases: Integrative Hubs of the Central Nervous System (CNS). Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2024; 16:a041366. [PMID: 38438189 PMCID: PMC11293550 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Microglia are usually referred to as "the innate immune cells of the brain," "the resident macrophages of the central nervous system" (CNS), or "CNS parenchymal macrophages." These labels allude to their inherent immune function, related to their macrophage lineage. However, beyond their classic innate immune responses, microglia also play physiological roles crucial for proper brain development and maintenance of adult brain homeostasis. Microglia sense both external and local stimuli through a variety of surface receptors. Thus, they might serve as integrative hubs at the interface between the external environment and the CNS, able to decode, filter, and buffer cues from outside, with the aim of preserving and maintaining brain homeostasis. In this perspective, we will cast a critical look at how these multiple microglial functions are acquired and coordinated, and we will speculate on their impact on human brain physiology and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Sierra
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Glial Cell Biology Laboratory, Science Park of UPV/EHU, E-48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country EHU/UPV, 48940 Leioa, Spain
- Ikerbasque Foundation, Bilbao 48009, Spain
| | - Veronique E Miron
- BARLO Multiple Sclerosis Centre, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science at St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto M5B 1T8, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 1A8, Canada
- UK Dementia Research Institute at the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Rosa C Paolicelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, CH-1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
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12
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Carrier M, Robert MÈ, St-Pierre MK, Ibáñez FG, Gonçalves de Andrade E, Laroche A, Picard K, Vecchiarelli HA, Savage JC, Boilard É, Desjardins M, Tremblay MÈ. Bone marrow-derived myeloid cells transiently colonize the brain during postnatal development and interact with glutamatergic synapses. iScience 2024; 27:110037. [PMID: 39021809 PMCID: PMC11253522 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Although the roles of embryonic yolk sac-derived, resident microglia in neurodevelopment were extensively studied, the possible involvement of bone marrow-derived cells remains elusive. In this work, we used a fate-mapping strategy to selectively label bone marrow-derived cells and their progeny in the brain (FLT3+IBA1+). FLT3+IBA1+ cells were confirmed to be transiently present in the healthy brain during early postnatal development. FLT3+IBA1+ cells have a distinct morphology index at postnatal day(P)0, P7, and P14 compared with neighboring microglia. FLT3+IBA1+ cells also express the microglial markers P2RY12 and TMEM119 and interact with VGLUT1 synapses at P14. Scanning electron microscopy indeed showed that FLT3+ cells contact and engulf pre-synaptic elements. Our findings suggest FLT3+IBA1+ cells might assist microglia in their physiological functions in the developing brain including synaptic pruning which is performed using their purinergic sensors. Our findings stimulate further investigation on the involvement of peripheral macrophages during homeostatic and pathological development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micaël Carrier
- Axe neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
- Département de psychiatrie et de neurosciences, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 3E6, Canada
| | - Marie-Ève Robert
- Axe neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Marie-Kim St-Pierre
- Axe neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 3E6, Canada
- Département de médecine moléculaire, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Fernando González Ibáñez
- Axe neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 3E6, Canada
- Département de médecine moléculaire, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | | | - Audrée Laroche
- Département de microbiologie et immunologie, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Katherine Picard
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 3E6, Canada
| | | | - Julie C. Savage
- Axe neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Éric Boilard
- Département de microbiologie et immunologie, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Michèle Desjardins
- Department of Physics, Physical Engineering and Optics, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Oncology Division, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Marie-Ève Tremblay
- Axe neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 3E6, Canada
- Département de médecine moléculaire, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4 Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 0G4 Canada
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technology (CAMTEC), Institute on Aging and Lifelong Health (IALH), University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada
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13
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Colella P, Sayana R, Suarez-Nieto MV, Sarno J, Nyame K, Xiong J, Pimentel Vera LN, Arozqueta Basurto J, Corbo M, Limaye A, Davis KL, Abu-Remaileh M, Gomez-Ospina N. CNS-wide repopulation by hematopoietic-derived microglia-like cells corrects progranulin deficiency in mice. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5654. [PMID: 38969669 PMCID: PMC11226701 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49908-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation can deliver therapeutic proteins to the central nervous system (CNS) through transplant-derived microglia-like cells. However, current conditioning approaches result in low and slow engraftment of transplanted cells in the CNS. Here we optimized a brain conditioning regimen that leads to rapid, robust, and persistent microglia replacement without adverse effects on neurobehavior or hematopoiesis. This regimen combines busulfan myeloablation and six days of Colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor inhibitor PLX3397. Single-cell analyses revealed unappreciated heterogeneity of microglia-like cells with most cells expressing genes characteristic of homeostatic microglia, brain-border-associated macrophages, and unique markers. Cytokine analysis in the CNS showed transient inductions of myeloproliferative and chemoattractant cytokines that help repopulate the microglia niche. Bone marrow transplant of progranulin-deficient mice conditioned with busulfan and PLX3397 restored progranulin in the brain and eyes and normalized brain lipofuscin storage, proteostasis, and lipid metabolism. This study advances our understanding of CNS repopulation by hematopoietic-derived cells and demonstrates its therapeutic potential for treating progranulin-dependent neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasqualina Colella
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
| | - Ruhi Sayana
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | | | - Jolanda Sarno
- Hematology, Oncology, Stem Cell Transplant, and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Tettamanti Center, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, 20900, Monza, Italy
| | - Kwamina Nyame
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- The Institute for Chemistry, Engineering and Medicine for Human Health (Sarafan ChEM-H), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Jian Xiong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- The Institute for Chemistry, Engineering and Medicine for Human Health (Sarafan ChEM-H), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | | | | | - Marco Corbo
- MedGenome, Inc, 348 Hatch Dr, Foster City, CA, 94404, USA
| | - Anay Limaye
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- MedGenome, Inc, 348 Hatch Dr, Foster City, CA, 94404, USA
| | - Kara L Davis
- Hematology, Oncology, Stem Cell Transplant, and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Monther Abu-Remaileh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- The Institute for Chemistry, Engineering and Medicine for Human Health (Sarafan ChEM-H), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Natalia Gomez-Ospina
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
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14
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Zhang Q, Yang G, Luo Y, Jiang L, Chi H, Tian G. Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease: insights from peripheral immune cells. Immun Ageing 2024; 21:38. [PMID: 38877498 PMCID: PMC11177389 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-024-00445-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a serious brain disorder characterized by the presence of beta-amyloid plaques, tau pathology, inflammation, neurodegeneration, and cerebrovascular dysfunction. The presence of chronic neuroinflammation, breaches in the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and increased levels of inflammatory mediators are central to the pathogenesis of AD. These factors promote the penetration of immune cells into the brain, potentially exacerbating clinical symptoms and neuronal death in AD patients. While microglia, the resident immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS), play a crucial role in AD, recent evidence suggests the infiltration of cerebral vessels and parenchyma by peripheral immune cells, including neutrophils, T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, NK cells, and monocytes in AD. These cells participate in the regulation of immunity and inflammation, which is expected to play a huge role in future immunotherapy. Given the crucial role of peripheral immune cells in AD, this article seeks to offer a comprehensive overview of their contributions to neuroinflammation in the disease. Understanding the role of these cells in the neuroinflammatory response is vital for developing new diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets to enhance the diagnosis and treatment of AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Guanhu Yang
- Department of Specialty Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Yuan Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Lai Jiang
- Clinical Medical College, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Hao Chi
- Clinical Medical College, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
| | - Gang Tian
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Engineering Technology Research Center of Molecular Diagnosis of Clinical Diseases, Molecular Diagnosis of Clinical Diseases Key Laboratory of Luzhou, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Sichuan, 646000, China.
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15
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Carata E, Muci M, Mariano S, Di Giulio S, Nigro A, Romano A, Panzarini E. Extracellular Vesicles from NSC-34 MN-like Cells Transfected with Mutant SOD1 Modulate Inflammatory Status of Raw 264.7 Macrophages. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:735. [PMID: 38927671 PMCID: PMC11202944 DOI: 10.3390/genes15060735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease targeting the brain and spinal cord. Non-neuronal cells, including macrophages, may contribute to the disruption of motor neurons (MNs), neuromuscular junction dismantling and clinical signs of ALS. Understanding the modality and the effect of MNs-macrophage communication is pivotal. Here, we focus on extracellular vesicle (EVS)-mediated communication and, in particular, we analyze the response of macrophages. NSC-34 cells transfected with mutant SOD1 (G93A, A4V, G85R, G37R) and differentiated towards MN-like cells, and Raw 264.7 macrophages are the cellular models of the study. mSOD1 NSC-34 cells release a high number of vesicles, both large-lEVs (300 nm diameter) and small-sEVs (90 nm diameter), containing inflammation-modulating molecules, and are efficiently taken up by macrophages. RT-PCR analysis of inflammation mediators demonstrated that the conditioned medium of mSOD1 NSC-34 cells polarizes Raw 264.7 macrophages towards both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory phenotypes. sEVs act on macrophages in a time-dependent manner: an anti-inflammatory response mediated by TGFβ firstly starts (12 h); successively, the response shifts towards a pro-inflammation IL-1β-mediated (48 h). The response of macrophages is strictly dependent on the SOD1 mutation type. The results suggest that EVs impact physiological and behavioral macrophage processes and are of potential relevance to MN degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Carata
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (E.C.); (M.M.); (S.M.); (S.D.G.)
| | - Marco Muci
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (E.C.); (M.M.); (S.M.); (S.D.G.)
| | - Stefania Mariano
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (E.C.); (M.M.); (S.M.); (S.D.G.)
| | - Simona Di Giulio
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (E.C.); (M.M.); (S.M.); (S.D.G.)
| | - Annamaria Nigro
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, 20132 Milan, Italy; (A.N.); (A.R.)
| | - Alessandro Romano
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, 20132 Milan, Italy; (A.N.); (A.R.)
| | - Elisa Panzarini
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (E.C.); (M.M.); (S.M.); (S.D.G.)
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16
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Rutherford HA, Candeias D, Duncan CJA, Renshaw SA, Hamilton N. Macrophage transplantation rescues RNASET2-deficient leukodystrophy by replacing deficient microglia in a zebrafish model. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2321496121. [PMID: 38753517 PMCID: PMC11126979 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2321496121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
RNASET2-deficient leukodystrophy is a rare infantile white matter disorder mimicking a viral infection and resulting in severe psychomotor impairments. Despite its severity, there is little understanding of cellular mechanisms of pathogenesis and no treatments. Recent research using the rnaset2 mutant zebrafish model has suggested that microglia may be the drivers of the neuropathology, due to their failure to digest apoptotic debris during neurodevelopment. Therefore, we developed a strategy for microglial replacement through transplantation of adult whole kidney marrow-derived macrophages into embryonic hosts. Using live imaging, we revealed that transplant-derived macrophages can engraft within host brains and express microglia-specific markers, suggesting the adoption of a microglial phenotype. Tissue-clearing strategies revealed the persistence of transplanted cells in host brains beyond embryonic stages. We demonstrated that transplanted cells clear apoptotic cells within the brain, as well as rescue overactivation of the antiviral response otherwise seen in mutant larvae. RNA sequencing at the point of peak transplant-derived cell engraftment confirms that transplantation can reduce the brain-wide immune response and particularly, the antiviral response, in rnaset2-deficient brains. Crucially, this reduction in neuroinflammation resulted in behavioral rescue-restoring rnaset2 mutant motor activity to wild-type (WT) levels in embryonic and juvenile stages. Together, these findings demonstrate the role of microglia as the cellular drivers of neuropathology in rnaset2 mutants and that macrophage transplantation is a viable strategy for microglial replacement in the zebrafish. Therefore, microglia-targeted interventions may have therapeutic benefits in RNASET2-deficient leukodystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly A. Rutherford
- Department of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine and Population Health, University of Sheffield, SheffieldS10 2RX, United Kingdom
- Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, SheffieldS10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - Diogo Candeias
- Department of Biology, University of York, YorkYO10 5DD, United Kingdom
- York Biomedical research Institute, University of York, YorkYO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher J. A. Duncan
- Immunology and Inflammation Theme, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, NewcastleNE2 4HH, United Kingdom
- Department of Infection and Tropical Medicine, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals National Health Services Foundation Trust, NewcastleNE2 4HH, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen A. Renshaw
- Department of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine and Population Health, University of Sheffield, SheffieldS10 2RX, United Kingdom
- Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, SheffieldS10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - Noémie Hamilton
- Department of Biology, University of York, YorkYO10 5DD, United Kingdom
- York Biomedical research Institute, University of York, YorkYO10 5DD, United Kingdom
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17
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Mader MMD, Napole A, Wu D, Atkins M, Scavetti A, Shibuya Y, Foltz A, Hahn O, Yoo Y, Danziger R, Tan C, Wyss-Coray T, Steinman L, Wernig M. Myeloid cell replacement is neuroprotective in chronic experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Nat Neurosci 2024; 27:901-912. [PMID: 38514857 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-024-01609-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by demyelination of the central nervous system (CNS). Autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) shows promising benefits for relapsing-remitting MS in open-label clinical studies, but the cellular mechanisms underlying its therapeutic effects remain unclear. Using single-nucleus RNA sequencing, we identify a reactive myeloid cell state in chronic experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE) associated with neuroprotection and immune suppression. HCT in EAE mice results in an increase of the neuroprotective myeloid state, improvement of neurological deficits, reduced number of demyelinated lesions, decreased number of effector T cells and amelioration of reactive astrogliosis. Enhancing myeloid cell incorporation after a modified HCT further improved these neuroprotective effects. These data suggest that myeloid cell manipulation or replacement may be an effective therapeutic strategy for chronic inflammatory conditions of the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Marc-Daniel Mader
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine and Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Alan Napole
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine and Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Danwei Wu
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine and Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology and Neurosciences, Division of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Center, Stanford University of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Micaiah Atkins
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Alexa Scavetti
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine and Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yohei Shibuya
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine and Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Aulden Foltz
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Oliver Hahn
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yongjin Yoo
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine and Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ron Danziger
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine and Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Christina Tan
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine and Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Tony Wyss-Coray
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Lawrence Steinman
- Department of Neurology and Neurosciences, Division of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Center, Stanford University of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Marius Wernig
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine and Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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18
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Pallarés-Moratalla C, Bergers G. The ins and outs of microglial cells in brain health and disease. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1305087. [PMID: 38665919 PMCID: PMC11043497 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1305087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Microglia are the brain's resident macrophages that play pivotal roles in immune surveillance and maintaining homeostasis of the Central Nervous System (CNS). Microglia are functionally implicated in various cerebrovascular diseases, including stroke, aneurysm, and tumorigenesis as they regulate neuroinflammatory responses and tissue repair processes. Here, we review the manifold functions of microglia in the brain under physiological and pathological conditions, primarily focusing on the implication of microglia in glioma propagation and progression. We further review the current status of therapies targeting microglial cells, including their re-education, depletion, and re-population approaches as therapeutic options to improve patient outcomes for various neurological and neuroinflammatory disorders, including cancer.
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19
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Adams RC, Carter-Cusack D, Llanes GT, Hunter CR, Vinnakota JM, Ruitenberg MJ, Vukovic J, Bertolino P, Chand KK, Wixey JA, Nayler SP, Hill GR, Furlan SN, Zeiser R, MacDonald KPA. CSF1R inhibition promotes neuroinflammation and behavioral deficits during graft-versus-host disease in mice. Blood 2024; 143:912-929. [PMID: 38048572 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2023022040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) remains a significant complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Central nervous system (CNS) involvement is becoming increasingly recognized, in which brain-infiltrating donor major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II+ bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) drive pathology. BMDM are also mediators of cutaneous and pulmonary cGVHD, and clinical trials assessing the efficacy of antibody blockade of colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) to deplete macrophages are promising. We hypothesized that CSF1R antibody blockade may also be a useful strategy to prevent/treat CNS cGVHD. Increased blood-brain barrier permeability during acute GVHD (aGVHD) facilitated CNS antibody access and microglia depletion by anti-CSF1R treatment. However, CSF1R blockade early after transplant unexpectedly exacerbated aGVHD neuroinflammation. In established cGVHD, vascular changes and anti-CSF1R efficacy were more limited. Anti-CSF1R-treated mice retained donor BMDM, activated microglia, CD8+ and CD4+ T cells, and local cytokine expression in the brain. These findings were recapitulated in GVHD recipients, in which CSF1R was conditionally depleted in donor CX3CR1+ BMDM. Notably, inhibition of CSF1R signaling after transplant failed to reverse GVHD-induced behavioral changes. Moreover, we observed aberrant behavior in non-GVHD control recipients administered anti-CSF1R blocking antibody and naïve mice lacking CSF1R in CX3CR1+ cells, revealing a novel role for homeostatic microglia and indicating that ongoing clinical trials of CSF1R inhibition should assess neurological adverse events in patients. In contrast, transfer of Ifngr-/- grafts could reduce MHC class II+ BMDM infiltration, resulting in improved neurocognitive function. Our findings highlight unexpected neurological immune toxicity during CSF1R blockade and provide alternative targets for the treatment of cGVHD within the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael C Adams
- Infection and Inflammation Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dylan Carter-Cusack
- Infection and Inflammation Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Genesis T Llanes
- Infection and Inflammation Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Christopher R Hunter
- Infection and Inflammation Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Janaki Manoja Vinnakota
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marc J Ruitenberg
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jana Vukovic
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Patrick Bertolino
- Centenary Institute and University of Sydney, AW Morrow Gastroenterology and Liver Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kirat K Chand
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Julie A Wixey
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Perinatal Research Centre, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Samuel P Nayler
- Infection and Inflammation Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Geoffrey R Hill
- Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Scott N Furlan
- Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Robert Zeiser
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium, Partner Site Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany, and German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kelli P A MacDonald
- Infection and Inflammation Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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20
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Yu C, Lad EM, Mathew R, Shiraki N, Littleton S, Chen Y, Hou J, Schlepckow K, Degan S, Chew L, Amason J, Kalnitsky J, Bowes Rickman C, Proia AD, Colonna M, Haass C, Saban DR. Microglia at sites of atrophy restrict the progression of retinal degeneration via galectin-3 and Trem2. J Exp Med 2024; 221:e20231011. [PMID: 38289348 PMCID: PMC10826045 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20231011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Outer retinal degenerations, including age-related macular degeneration (AMD), are characterized by photoreceptor and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) atrophy. In these blinding diseases, macrophages accumulate at atrophic sites, but their ontogeny and niche specialization remain poorly understood, especially in humans. We uncovered a unique profile of microglia, marked by galectin-3 upregulation, at atrophic sites in mouse models of retinal degeneration and human AMD. In disease models, conditional deletion of galectin-3 in microglia led to phagocytosis defects and consequent augmented photoreceptor death, RPE damage, and vision loss, indicating protective roles. Mechanistically, Trem2 signaling orchestrated microglial migration to atrophic sites and induced galectin-3 expression. Moreover, pharmacologic Trem2 agonization led to heightened protection but in a galectin-3-dependent manner. In elderly human subjects, we identified this highly conserved microglial population that expressed galectin-3 and Trem2. This population was significantly enriched in the macular RPE-choroid of AMD subjects. Collectively, our findings reveal a neuroprotective population of microglia and a potential therapeutic target for mitigating retinal degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Eleonora M. Lad
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Rose Mathew
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Nobuhiko Shiraki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Sejiro Littleton
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Immunology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Yun Chen
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jinchao Hou
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kai Schlepckow
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Simone Degan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Lindsey Chew
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Joshua Amason
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Joan Kalnitsky
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Catherine Bowes Rickman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Alan D. Proia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Pathology, Campbell University Jerry M. Wallace School of Osteopathic Medicine, Lillington, NC, USA
| | - Marco Colonna
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Christian Haass
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases Munich, Munich, Germany
- Chair of Metabolic Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel R. Saban
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Immunology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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21
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Rim C, You MJ, Nahm M, Kwon MS. Emerging role of senescent microglia in brain aging-related neurodegenerative diseases. Transl Neurodegener 2024; 13:10. [PMID: 38378788 PMCID: PMC10877780 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-024-00402-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Brain aging is a recognized risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS, Lou Gehrig's disease), but the intricate interplay between brain aging and the pathogenesis of these conditions remains inadequately understood. Cellular senescence is considered to contribute to cellular dysfunction and inflammaging. According to the threshold theory of senescent cell accumulation, the vulnerability to neurodegenerative diseases is associated with the rates of senescent cell generation and clearance within the brain. Given the role of microglia in eliminating senescent cells, the accumulation of senescent microglia may lead to the acceleration of brain aging, contributing to inflammaging and increased vulnerability to neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we propose the idea that the senescence of microglia, which is notably vulnerable to aging, could potentially serve as a central catalyst in the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. The senescent microglia are emerging as a promising target for mitigating neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Rim
- Department of Pharmacology, Research Institute for Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, CHA University, CHA Bio Complex, 335 Pangyo, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Jung You
- Department of Pharmacology, Research Institute for Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, CHA University, CHA Bio Complex, 335 Pangyo, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Minyeop Nahm
- Dementia Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Soo Kwon
- Department of Pharmacology, Research Institute for Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, CHA University, CHA Bio Complex, 335 Pangyo, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13488, Republic of Korea.
- Brainimmunex Inc., 26 Yatap-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13522, Republic of Korea.
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22
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Dalmau Gasull A, Glavan M, Samawar SKR, Kapupara K, Kelk J, Rubio M, Fumagalli S, Sorokin L, Vivien D, Prinz M. The niche matters: origin, function and fate of CNS-associated macrophages during health and disease. Acta Neuropathol 2024; 147:37. [PMID: 38347231 PMCID: PMC10861620 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-023-02676-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
There are several cellular and acellular structural barriers associated with the brain interfaces, which include the dura, the leptomeninges, the perivascular space and the choroid plexus epithelium. Each structure is enriched by distinct myeloid populations, which mainly originate from erythromyeloid precursors (EMP) in the embryonic yolk sac and seed the CNS during embryogenesis. However, depending on the precise microanatomical environment, resident myeloid cells differ in their marker profile, turnover and the extent to which they can be replenished by blood-derived cells. While some EMP-derived cells seed the parenchyma to become microglia, others engraft the meninges and become CNS-associated macrophages (CAMs), also referred to as border-associated macrophages (BAMs), e.g., leptomeningeal macrophages (MnMΦ). Recent data revealed that MnMΦ migrate into perivascular spaces postnatally where they differentiate into perivascular macrophages (PvMΦ). Under homeostatic conditions in pathogen-free mice, there is virtually no contribution of bone marrow-derived cells to MnMΦ and PvMΦ, but rather to macrophages of the choroid plexus and dura. In neuropathological conditions in which the blood-brain barrier is compromised, however, an influx of bone marrow-derived cells into the CNS can occur, potentially contributing to the pool of CNS myeloid cells. Simultaneously, resident CAMs may also proliferate and undergo transcriptional and proteomic changes, thereby, contributing to the disease outcome. Thus, both resident and infiltrating myeloid cells together act within their microenvironmental niche, but both populations play crucial roles in the overall disease course. Here, we summarize the current understanding of the sources and fates of resident CAMs in health and disease, and the role of the microenvironment in influencing their maintenance and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrià Dalmau Gasull
- Institute of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Martina Glavan
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), GIP Cyceron, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie (BB@C), 14000, Caen, France
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, USA
| | - Sai K Reddy Samawar
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry and Cells in Motion Interfaculty Centre (CIMIC), University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Kishan Kapupara
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry and Cells in Motion Interfaculty Centre (CIMIC), University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Joe Kelk
- Laboratory of Stroke and Vascular Dysfunctions, Department of Acute Brain and Cardiovascular Injury, Istituto Di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156, Milan, Italy
| | - Marina Rubio
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), GIP Cyceron, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie (BB@C), 14000, Caen, France
| | - Stefano Fumagalli
- Laboratory of Stroke and Vascular Dysfunctions, Department of Acute Brain and Cardiovascular Injury, Istituto Di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156, Milan, Italy
| | - Lydia Sorokin
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry and Cells in Motion Interfaculty Centre (CIMIC), University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Denis Vivien
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), GIP Cyceron, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie (BB@C), 14000, Caen, France
- Department of Clinical Research, Caen-Normandie University Hospital, CHU, Avenue de La Côte de Nacre, Caen, France
| | - Marco Prinz
- Institute of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS-Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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23
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Berglund R, Cheng Y, Piket E, Adzemovic MZ, Zeitelhofer M, Olsson T, Guerreiro-Cacais AO, Jagodic M. The aging mouse CNS is protected by an autophagy-dependent microglia population promoted by IL-34. Nat Commun 2024; 15:383. [PMID: 38195627 PMCID: PMC10776874 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44556-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Microglia harness an unutilized health-promoting potential in age-related neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory diseases, conditions like progressive multiple sclerosis (MS). Our research unveils an microglia population emerging in the cortical brain regions of aging mice, marked by ERK1/2, Akt, and AMPK phosphorylation patterns and a transcriptome indicative of activated autophagy - a process critical for cellular adaptability. By deleting the core autophagy gene Ulk1 in microglia, we reduce this population in the central nervous system of aged mice. Notably, this population is found dependent on IL-34, rather than CSF1, although both are ligands for CSF1R. When aging mice are exposed to autoimmune neuroinflammation, the loss of autophagy-dependent microglia leads to neural and glial cell death and increased mortality. Conversely, microglial expansion mediated by IL-34 exhibits a protective effect. These findings shed light on an autophagy-dependent neuroprotective microglia population as a potential target for treating age-related neuroinflammatory conditions, including progressive MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasmus Berglund
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Neuro, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Yufei Cheng
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Neuro, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eliane Piket
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Neuro, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Milena Z Adzemovic
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Neuro, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Manuel Zeitelhofer
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Vascular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65, Solna, Sweden
| | - Tomas Olsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Neuro, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andre Ortlieb Guerreiro-Cacais
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Neuro, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maja Jagodic
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Neuro, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
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24
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Wen W, Cheng J, Tang Y. Brain perivascular macrophages: current understanding and future prospects. Brain 2024; 147:39-55. [PMID: 37691438 PMCID: PMC10766266 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awad304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain perivascular macrophages are specialized populations of macrophages that reside in the space around cerebral vessels, such as penetrating arteries and venules. With the help of cutting-edge technologies, such as cell fate mapping and single-cell multi-omics, their multifaceted, pivotal roles in phagocytosis, antigen presentation, vascular integrity maintenance and metabolic regulation have more recently been further revealed under physiological conditions. Accumulating evidence also implies that perivascular macrophages are involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disease, cerebrovascular dysfunction, autoimmune disease, traumatic brain injury and epilepsy. They can act in either protective or detrimental ways depending on the disease course and stage. However, the underlying mechanisms of perivascular macrophages remain largely unknown. Therefore, we highlight potential future directions in research on perivascular macrophages, including the utilization of genetic mice and novel therapeutic strategies that target these unique immune cells for neuroprotective purposes. In conclusion, this review provides a comprehensive update on the current knowledge of brain perivascular macrophages, shedding light on their pivotal roles in central nervous system health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Wen
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Brain Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Nanhai Translational Innovation Center of Precision Immunology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Foshan 528200, China
| | - Jinping Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Brain Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Nanhai Translational Innovation Center of Precision Immunology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Foshan 528200, China
| | - Yamei Tang
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Brain Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Nanhai Translational Innovation Center of Precision Immunology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Foshan 528200, China
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25
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Weyer MP, Strehle J, Schäfer MKE, Tegeder I. Repurposing of pexidartinib for microglia depletion and renewal. Pharmacol Ther 2024; 253:108565. [PMID: 38052308 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Pexidartinib (PLX3397) is a small molecule receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor of colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) with moderate selectivity over other members of the platelet derived growth factor receptor family. It is approved for treatment of tenosynovial giant cell tumors (TGCT). CSF1R is highly expressed by microglia, which are macrophages of the central nervous system (CNS) that defend the CNS against injury and pathogens and contribute to synapse development and plasticity. Challenged by pathogens, apoptotic cells, debris, or inflammatory molecules they adopt a responsive state to propagate the inflammation and eventually return to a homeostatic state. The phenotypic switch may fail, and disease-associated microglia contribute to the pathophysiology in neurodegenerative or neuropsychiatric diseases or long-lasting detrimental brain inflammation after brain, spinal cord or nerve injury or ischemia/hemorrhage. Microglia also contribute to the growth permissive tumor microenvironment of glioblastoma (GBM). In rodents, continuous treatment for 1-2 weeks via pexidartinib food pellets leads to a depletion of microglia and subsequent repopulation from the remaining fraction, which is aided by peripheral monocytes that search empty niches for engraftment. The putative therapeutic benefit of such microglia depletion or forced renewal has been assessed in almost any rodent model of CNS disease or injury or GBM with heterogeneous outcomes, but a tendency of partial beneficial effects. So far, microglia monitoring e.g. via positron emission imaging is not standard of care for patients receiving Pexidartinib (e.g. for TGCT), so that the depletion and repopulation efficiency in humans is still largely unknown. Considering the virtuous functions of microglia, continuous depletion is likely no therapeutic option but short-lasting transient partial depletion to stimulate microglia renewal or replace microglia in genetic disease in combination with e.g. stem cell transplantation or as part of a multimodal concept in treatment of glioblastoma appears feasible. The present review provides an overview of the preclinical evidence pro and contra microglia depletion as a therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc-Philipp Weyer
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Faculty of Medicine, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jenny Strehle
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Germany
| | - Michael K E Schäfer
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Germany
| | - Irmgard Tegeder
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Faculty of Medicine, Frankfurt, Germany.
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26
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Frumer GR, Shin SH, Jung S, Kim JS. Not just Glia-Dissecting brain macrophages in the mouse. Glia 2024; 72:5-18. [PMID: 37501579 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages have emerged as critical cellular components of the central nervous system (CNS), promoting development, maintenance, and immune defense of the CNS. Here we will review recent advances in our understanding of brain macrophage heterogeneity, including microglia and border-associated macrophages, focusing on the mouse. Emphasis will be given to the discussion of strengths and limitations of the experimental approaches that have led to the recent insights and hold promise to further deepen our mechanistic understanding of brain macrophages that might eventually allow to harness their activities for the management of CNS pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gal Ronit Frumer
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sun-Hye Shin
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Steffen Jung
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Jung-Seok Kim
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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27
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Kim JS, Jung S. Visualization, Fate Mapping, Ablation, and Mutagenesis of Microglia in the Mouse Brain. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2024; 37:53-63. [PMID: 39207686 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-55529-9_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Since the classical studies of Pío del Río-Hortega, microglia research has come a long way. In particular, recent advances in bulk and single-cell (sc) transcriptomics have yielded many fascinating new insights into these intriguing immune cells at the interface with the central nervous system (CNS), both in small animal models and human samples. In parallel, tools developed by advanced mouse genetics have revealed the unique ontogeny of microglia and their striking dynamic interactions with other cells in the brain parenchyma. In this chapter, we will discuss various applications of the Cre/loxP-based approach that have enabled the study of microglia in their physiological context of the mouse brain. We will highlight selected key findings that have shaped our current understanding of these cells and discuss the technical intricacies of the Cre/loxP approach and some remaining challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Seok Kim
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology (IRB), Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
| | - Steffen Jung
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology (IRB), Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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28
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Guffart E, Prinz M. Evolution of Microglia. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2024; 37:39-51. [PMID: 39207685 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-55529-9_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Microglial cells are unique tissue-resident macrophages located in the parenchyma of the central nervous system (CNS). A recent comparative transcriptional study on microglia across more than 20 species from leach across chicken and many more up to humans revealed multiple conserved features. The results indicate the imperative role of microglia over the last 500 million years (Geirsdottir et al. Cell 181:746, 2020). Improved understanding of microglial evolution provides essential insights into conserved and divergent microglial pathways and will have implications for future development of microglia-based therapies to treat CNS disorders. Not only therapeutic approaches may be rethought, but also the understanding of sex specificity of the immune system within the CNS needs to be renewed. Besides revealing the highly detailed characteristics of microglia, the former paradigm of microglia being the only CNS-resident immune cells was outdated by the identification of CNS-associated macrophages (CAMs) as CNS interface residents, who, most likely, accompanied microglia in evolution over the past million years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Guffart
- Institute of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marco Prinz
- Institute of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
- Center for Basics in NeuroModulation (NeuroModulBasics), Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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Catalano F, Vlaar EC, Katsavelis D, Dammou Z, Huizer TF, van den Bosch JC, Hoogeveen-Westerveld M, van den Hout HJ, Oussoren E, Ruijter GJ, Schaaf G, Pike-Overzet K, Staal FJ, van der Ploeg AT, Pijnappel WP. Tagged IDS causes efficient and engraftment-independent prevention of brain pathology during lentiviral gene therapy for Mucopolysaccharidosis type II. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2023; 31:101149. [PMID: 38033460 PMCID: PMC10684800 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2023.101149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis type II (OMIM 309900) is a lysosomal storage disorder caused by iduronate 2-sulfatase (IDS) deficiency and accumulation of glycosaminoglycans, leading to progressive neurodegeneration. As intravenously infused enzyme replacement therapy cannot cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), it fails to treat brain pathology, highlighting the unmet medical need to develop alternative therapies. Here, we test modified versions of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC)-mediated lentiviral gene therapy (LVGT) using IDS tagging in combination with the ubiquitous MND promoter to optimize efficacy in brain and to investigate its mechanism of action. We find that IDS tagging with IGF2 or ApoE2, but not RAP12x2, improves correction of brain heparan sulfate and neuroinflammation at clinically relevant vector copy numbers. HSPC-derived cells engrafted in brain show efficiencies highest in perivascular areas, lower in choroid plexus and meninges, and lowest in parenchyma. Importantly, the efficacy of correction was independent of the number of brain-engrafted cells. These results indicate that tagged versions of IDS can outperform untagged IDS in HSPC-LVGT for the correction of brain pathology in MPS II, and they imply both cell-mediated and tag-mediated correction mechanisms, including passage across the BBB and increased uptake, highlighting their potential for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Catalano
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015GE, the Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015GE, the Netherlands
- Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015GE, the Netherlands
| | - Eva C. Vlaar
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015GE, the Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015GE, the Netherlands
- Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015GE, the Netherlands
| | - Drosos Katsavelis
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015GE, the Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015GE, the Netherlands
- Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015GE, the Netherlands
| | - Zina Dammou
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015GE, the Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015GE, the Netherlands
- Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015GE, the Netherlands
| | - Tessa F. Huizer
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015GE, the Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015GE, the Netherlands
- Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015GE, the Netherlands
| | - Jeroen C. van den Bosch
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015GE, the Netherlands
- Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015GE, the Netherlands
| | - Marianne Hoogeveen-Westerveld
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015GE, the Netherlands
- Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015GE, the Netherlands
| | - Hannerieke J.M.P. van den Hout
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015GE, the Netherlands
- Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015GE, the Netherlands
| | - Esmeralda Oussoren
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015GE, the Netherlands
- Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015GE, the Netherlands
| | - George J.G. Ruijter
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015GE, the Netherlands
- Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015GE, the Netherlands
| | - Gerben Schaaf
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015GE, the Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015GE, the Netherlands
- Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015GE, the Netherlands
| | - Karin Pike-Overzet
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333ZA, the Netherlands
| | - Frank J.T. Staal
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333ZA, the Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333ZA, the Netherlands
| | - Ans T. van der Ploeg
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015GE, the Netherlands
- Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015GE, the Netherlands
| | - W.W.M. Pim Pijnappel
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015GE, the Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015GE, the Netherlands
- Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015GE, the Netherlands
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30
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Fan G, Ma J, Ma R, Suo M, Chen Y, Zhang S, Zeng Y, Chen Y. Microglia Modulate Neurodevelopment in Autism Spectrum Disorder and Schizophrenia. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17297. [PMID: 38139124 PMCID: PMC10743577 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) include various neurological disorders with high genetic heterogeneity, characterized by delayed or impaired cognition, communication, adaptive behavior, and psychomotor skills. These disorders result in significant morbidity for children, thus burdening families and healthcare/educational systems. However, there is a lack of early diagnosis and effective therapies. Therefore, a more connected approach is required to explore these disorders. Microglia, the primary phagocytic cells within the central nervous system, are crucial in regulating neuronal viability, influencing synaptic dynamics, and determining neurodevelopmental outcomes. Although the neurobiological basis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and schizophrenia (SZ) has attracted attention in recent decades, the role of microglia in ASD and SZ remains unclear and requires further discussion. In this review, the important and frequently multifaceted roles that microglia play during neurodevelopment are meticulously emphasized and potential microglial mechanisms that might be involved in conditions such as ASD and SZ are postulated. It is of utmost importance to acquire a comprehensive understanding of the complexities of the interplay between microglia and neurons to design effective, targeted therapeutic strategies to mitigate the effects of NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yan Zeng
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Yushan Chen
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
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31
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Mimic S, Aru B, Pehlivanoğlu C, Sleiman H, Andjus PR, Yanıkkaya Demirel G. Immunology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis - role of the innate and adaptive immunity. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1277399. [PMID: 38105925 PMCID: PMC10723830 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1277399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
This review aims to summarize the latest evidence about the role of innate and adaptive immunity in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). ALS is a devastating neurodegenerative disease affecting upper and lower motor neurons, which involves essential cells of the immune system that play a basic role in innate or adaptive immunity, that can be neurotoxic or neuroprotective for neurons. However, distinguishing between the sole neurotoxic or neuroprotective function of certain cells such as astrocytes can be challenging due to intricate nature of these cells, the complexity of the microenvironment and the contextual factors. In this review, in regard to innate immunity we focus on the involvement of monocytes/macrophages, microglia, the complement, NK cells, neutrophils, mast cells, and astrocytes, while regarding adaptive immunity, in addition to humoral immunity the most important features and roles of T and B cells are highlighted, specifically different subsets of CD4+ as well as CD8+ T cells. The role of autoantibodies and cytokines is also discussed in distinct sections of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Mimic
- Centre for Laser Microscopy, Institute of Physiology and Biochemistry “Jean Giaja”, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Başak Aru
- Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Cemil Pehlivanoğlu
- Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Hadi Sleiman
- Faculty of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Pavle R. Andjus
- Centre for Laser Microscopy, Institute of Physiology and Biochemistry “Jean Giaja”, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Lee SH, Kang B, Kamenyeva O, Ferreira TR, Cho K, Khillan JS, Kabat J, Kelsall BL, Sacks DL. Dermis resident macrophages orchestrate localized ILC2 eosinophil circuitries to promote non-healing cutaneous leishmaniasis. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7852. [PMID: 38030609 PMCID: PMC10687111 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43588-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue-resident macrophages are critical for tissue homeostasis and repair. We previously showed that dermis-resident macrophages produce CCL24 which mediates their interaction with IL-4+ eosinophils, required to maintain their M2-like properties in the TH1 environment of the Leishmania major infected skin. Here, we show that thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) and IL-5+ type 2 innate lymphoid cells are also required to maintain dermis-resident macrophages and promote infection. Single cell RNA sequencing reveals the dermis-resident macrophages as the sole source of TSLP and CCL24. Generation of Ccl24-cre mice permits specific labeling of dermis-resident macrophages and interstitial macrophages from other organs. Selective ablation of TSLP in dermis-resident macrophages reduces the numbers of IL-5+ type 2 innate lymphoid cells, eosinophils and dermis-resident macrophages, and ameliorates infection. Our findings demonstrate that dermis-resident macrophages are self-maintained as a replicative niche for L. major by orchestrating localized type 2 circuitries with type 2 innate lymphoid cells and eosinophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hun Lee
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Byunghyun Kang
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Olena Kamenyeva
- Biological Imaging Section, Research Technology Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Tiago Rodrigues Ferreira
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Kyoungin Cho
- Mouse Genetics and Gene Modification Section, Comparative Medicine Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, 20852, USA
| | - Jaspal S Khillan
- Mouse Genetics and Gene Modification Section, Comparative Medicine Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, 20852, USA
| | - Juraj Kabat
- Biological Imaging Section, Research Technology Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Brian L Kelsall
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - David L Sacks
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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33
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Troisi EM, Nguyen BH, Baxter VK, Griffin DE. Interferon regulatory factor 7 modulates virus clearance and immune responses to alphavirus encephalomyelitis. J Virol 2023; 97:e0095923. [PMID: 37772825 PMCID: PMC10617562 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00959-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Viral encephalomyelitis outcome is dependent on host responses to neuronal infection. Interferon (IFN) is an important component of the innate response, and IFN regulatory factor (IRF) 7 is an inducible transcription factor for the synthesis of IFN-α. IRF7-deficient mice develop fatal paralysis after CNS infection with Sindbis virus, while wild-type mice recover. Irf7 -/- mice produce low levels of IFN-α but high levels of IFN-β with induction of IFN-stimulated genes, so the reason for this difference is not understood. The current study shows that Irf7 -/- mice developed inflammation earlier but failed to clear virus from motor neuron-rich regions of the brainstem and spinal cord. Levels of IFN-γ and virus-specific antibody were comparable, indicating that IRF7 deficiency does not impair expression of these known viral clearance factors. Therefore, IRF7 is either necessary for the neuronal response to currently identified mediators of clearance or enables the production of additional antiviral factor(s) needed for clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M. Troisi
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Benjamin H. Nguyen
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Victoria K. Baxter
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Diane E. Griffin
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Okojie AK, Uweru JO, Coburn MA, Li S, Cao-Dao VD, Eyo UB. Distinguishing the effects of systemic CSF1R inhibition by PLX3397 on microglia and peripheral immune cells. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:242. [PMID: 37865779 PMCID: PMC10590528 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02924-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglia, the primary immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS), are derived from the yolk sac and populate the brain during development. Once microglia migrate to the CNS, they are self-renewing and require CSF1R signaling for their maintenance. Pexidartinib (PLX3397, PLX), a small molecule inhibitor of the CSF1R, has been shown to effectively deplete microglia since microglial maintenance is CSF1R-dependent. There have, however, been several conflicting reports that have shown the potential off-target effects of PLX on peripheral immune cells particularly those of lymphoid origin. Given this controversy in the use of the PLX family of drugs, it has become important to ascertain to what extent PLX affects the peripheral immune profile in lymphoid (spleen, and bone marrow) and non-lymphoid (kidney, lungs, and heart) organs. PLX3397 chow treatment at 660 mg/kg for 7 days significantly reduced CD45+ macrophages, CX3CR1-GFP cells, CD11b+CD45intermediate cells, and P2RY12 expression in the brain. However, there were minimal effects on peripheral immune cells from both lymphoid and non-lymphoid organs except in the heart where there was a significant decrease in CD3+ cells, inflammatory and patrolling monocytes, and CD11b+Ly6G+ neutrophils. We then stimulated the immune system with 1 mg/kg of LPS which resulted in a significant reduction in the number of innate immune cells. In this context, PLX did not alter the cytokine profile in the serum and the brain of naïve mice but did so in the LPS-stimulated group resulting in a significant reduction in TNFα, IL-1α, IFN-γ and IL-1β. Furthermore, PLX did not alter locomotor activity in the open field test suggesting that microglia do not contribute to LPS-induced sickness behavior. Our results provide an assessment of immune cell populations with PLX3397 treatment on brain, lymphoid and non-lymphoid organs without and during LPS treatment that can serve as a resource for understanding consequences of such approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhabue K Okojie
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
| | - Joseph O Uweru
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Morgan A Coburn
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Sihan Li
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Vivian D Cao-Dao
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Ukpong B Eyo
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
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Loeb AM, Pattwell SS, Meshinchi S, Bedalov A, Loeb KR. Donor bone marrow-derived macrophage engraftment into the central nervous system of patients following allogeneic transplantation. Blood Adv 2023; 7:5851-5859. [PMID: 37315172 PMCID: PMC10558597 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2023010409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is a well-known treatment for hematologic malignancies, wherein nascent stem cells provide regenerating marrow and immunotherapy against the tumor. The progeny of hematopoietic stem cells also populate a wide spectrum of tissues, including the brain, as bone marrow-derived macrophages similar to microglial cells. We developed a sensitive and novel combined immunohistochemistry (IHC) and XY fluorescence in situ hybridization assay to detect, quantify, and characterize donor cells in the cerebral cortices of 19 female patients who underwent allogeneic stem cell transplantation. We showed that the number of male donor cells ranged from 0.14% to 3.0% of the total cells or from 1.2% to 25% of microglial cells. Using tyramide-based fluorescent IHC, we found that at least 80% of the donor cells expressed the microglial marker ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule-1, consistent with bone marrow-derived macrophages. The percentage of donor cells was related to pretransplantation conditioning; donor cells from radiation-based myeloablative cases averaged 8.1% of microglial cells, whereas those from nonmyeloablative cases averaged only 1.3%. The number of donor cells in patients conditioned with busulfan- or treosulfan-based myeloablation was similar to that in total body irradiation-based conditioning; donor cells averaged 6.8% of the microglial cells. Notably, patients who received multiple transplantations and those with the longest posttransplantation survival had the highest level of donor engraftment, with donor cells averaging 16.3% of the microglial cells. Our work represents the largest study characterizing bone marrow-derived macrophages in patients after transplantation. The efficiency of engraftment observed in our study warrants future research on microglial replacement as a therapeutic option for disorders of the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Siobhan S. Pattwell
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
- Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Soheil Meshinchi
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Antonio Bedalov
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Keith R. Loeb
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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36
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Blank-Stein N, Mass E. Macrophage and monocyte subsets in response to ischemic stroke. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2250233. [PMID: 37467166 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202250233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of disability and mortality. Despite extensive efforts in stroke research, the only pharmacological treatment currently available is arterial recanalization, which has limited efficacy only in the acute phase of stroke. The neuroinflammatory response to stroke is believed to provide a wider time window than recanalization and has therefore been proposed as an attractive therapeutic target. In this review, we provide an overview of recent advances in the understanding of cellular and molecular responses of distinct macrophage populations following stroke, which may offer potential targets for therapeutic interventions. Specifically, we discuss the role of local responders in neuroinflammation, including the well-studied microglia as well as the emerging players, border-associated macrophages, and macrophages originating from the skull bone marrow. Additionally, we focus on the behavior of monocytes stemming from distant tissues such as the bone marrow and spleen. Finally, we highlight aging as a crucial factor modulating the immune response, which is often neglected in animal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelli Blank-Stein
- Developmental Biology of the Immune System, Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Elvira Mass
- Developmental Biology of the Immune System, Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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37
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Bennett CL, Perona-Wright G. Metabolic adaption of mucosal macrophages: Is metabolism a driver of persistence across tissues? Mucosal Immunol 2023; 16:753-763. [PMID: 37385586 PMCID: PMC10564628 DOI: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2023.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages play essential roles in tissue homeostasis, defense, and repair. Their functions are highly tissue-specific, and when damage and inflammation stimulate repopulation by circulating monocytes, the incoming monocytes rapidly acquire the same, tissue-specific functions as the previous, resident macrophages. Several environmental factors are thought to guide the functional differentiation of recruited monocytes, including metabolic pressures imposed by the fuel sources available in each tissue. Here we discuss whether such a model of metabolic determinism can be applied to macrophage differentiation across barrier sites, from the lung to the skin. We suggest an alternative model, in which metabolic phenotype is a consequence of macrophage longevity rather than an early driver of tissue-specific adaption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare L Bennett
- Department of Haematology, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK.
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Colella P, Sayana R, Suarez-Nieto MV, Sarno J, Nyame K, Xiong J, Vera LNP, Basurto JA, Corbo M, Limaye A, Davis KL, Abu-Remaileh M, Gomez-Ospina N. CNS Repopulation by Hematopoietic-Derived Microglia-Like Cells Corrects Progranulin deficiency. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3263412. [PMID: 37790525 PMCID: PMC10543302 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3263412/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation can deliver therapeutic proteins to the CNS through donor-derived hematopoietic cells that become microglia-like cells. However, using standard conditioning approaches, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is currently limited by low and slow engraftment of microglia-like cells. We report an efficient conditioning regimen based on Busulfan and a six-day course of microglia depletion using the colony-stimulating factor receptor 1 inhibitor PLX3397. Combining Busulfan-myeloablation and transient microglia depletion results in robust, rapid, and persistent microglia replacement by bone marrow-derived microglia-like cells throughout the CNS. Adding PLX3397 does not affect neurobehavior or has adverse effects on hematopoietic reconstitution. Through single-cell RNA sequencing and high-dimensional CyTOF mass cytometry, we show that microglia-like cells are a heterogeneous population and describe six distinct subpopulations. Though most bone-marrow-derived microglia-like cells can be classified as homeostatic microglia, their gene signature is a hybrid of homeostatic/embryonic microglia and border associated-macrophages. Busulfan-myeloablation and transient microglia depletion induce specific cytokines in the brain, ultimately combining myeloid proliferative and chemo-attractive signals that act locally to repopulate microglia from outside the niche. Importantly, this conditioning approach demonstrates therapeutic efficacy in a mouse model of GRN deficiency. Transplanting wild-type bone marrow into Grn-/- mice conditioned with Busulfan plus PLX3397 results in high engraftment of microglia-like cells in the brain and retina, restoring GRN levels and normalizing lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasqualina Colella
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305
| | - Ruhi Sayana
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305
| | | | - Jolanda Sarno
- Hematology, Oncology, Stem Cell Transplant, and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305
| | - Kwamina Nyame
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Jian Xiong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | | | | | - Marco Corbo
- MedGenome, Inc, 348 Hatch Dr, Foster City, CA 94404
| | - Anay Limaye
- MedGenome, Inc, 348 Hatch Dr, Foster City, CA 94404
| | - Kara Lynn Davis
- Hematology, Oncology, Stem Cell Transplant, and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305
| | - Monther Abu-Remaileh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- The Institute for Chemistry, Engineering and Medicine for Human Health (Sarafan ChEM-H), Stanford University, Stanford, USA
| | - Natalia Gomez-Ospina
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305
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He S, Liu J, Xue Y, Fu T, Li Z. Sympathetic Nerves Coordinate Corneal Epithelial Wound Healing by Controlling the Mobilization of Ly6Chi Monocytes From the Spleen to the Injured Cornea. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2023; 64:13. [PMID: 37682569 PMCID: PMC10500368 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.64.12.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aims to investigate the potential involvement of spleen-derived monocytes in the repair process following corneal epithelial abrasion. Methods A corneal epithelial abrasion model was established in male C57BL/6J mice, and the dynamic changes of monocyte subpopulations in the injured cornea were analyzed using flow cytometry. The effects of Ly6Chi monocyte depletion and local adoptive transfer of purified Ly6Chi monocytes on wound closure and neutrophil recruitment to the injured cornea were observed. The effect of sympathetic nerves on the recruitment of spleen-derived Ly6Chi monocytes to the injured cornea was also investigated using multiple methods. The emigration of fluorescence-labeled monocytes to the injured cornea was validated through intravital microscopy. Finally, differential genes between different groups were identified through high-throughput RNA sequencing and analyzed for functional enrichment, followed by verification by quantitative PCR. Results Ly6Chi monocytes were present in large numbers in the injured cornea prior to neutrophil recruitment. Predepletion of Ly6Chi monocytes significantly inhibited neutrophil recruitment to the injured cornea. Furthermore, surgical removal of the spleen significantly reduced the number of Ly6Chi monocytes in the injured cornea. Further observations revealed that sympathetic blockade significantly reduced the number of Ly6Chi monocytes recruited to the injured cornea. In contrast, administration of the β2-adrenergic receptor agonist significantly increased the number of Ly6Chi monocytes recruited to the injured cornea in animals treated with sympathectomy and catecholamine synthesis inhibition. Conclusions Our results suggest that spleen-derived Ly6Chi monocytes, under the control of the sympathetic nervous system, play a critical role in the inflammatory response following corneal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu He
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Department of Developmental & Regenerative Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Liu
- International Ocular Surface Research Center, Institute of Ophthalmology, and Jinan University Medical School, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunxia Xue
- International Ocular Surface Research Center, Institute of Ophthalmology, and Jinan University Medical School, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Fu
- International Ocular Surface Research Center, Institute of Ophthalmology, and Jinan University Medical School, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhijie Li
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Department of Developmental & Regenerative Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- International Ocular Surface Research Center, Institute of Ophthalmology, and Jinan University Medical School, Guangzhou, China
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40
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Liang SQ, Li PH, Hu YY, Zhao JL, Shao FZ, Kuang F, Ren KX, Wei TX, Fan F, Feng L, Han H, Qin HY. Myeloid-specific blockade of notch signaling alleviates dopaminergic neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease by dominantly regulating resident microglia activation through NF-κB signaling. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1193081. [PMID: 37680624 PMCID: PMC10481959 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1193081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Yolk sac-derived microglia and peripheral monocyte-derived macrophages play a key role during Parkinson's disease (PD) progression. However, the regulatory mechanism of microglia/macrophage activation and function in PD pathogenesis remains unclear. Recombination signal-binding protein Jκ (RBP-J)-mediated Notch signaling regulates macrophage development and activation. In this study, with an 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) hydrochloride-induced acute murine PD model, we found that Notch signaling was activated in amoeboid microglia accompanied by a decrease in tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive neurons. Furthermore, using myeloid-specific RBP-J knockout (RBP-JcKO) mice combined with a PD model, our results showed that myeloid-specific disruption of RBP-J alleviated dopaminergic neurodegeneration and improved locomotor activity. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis showed that the number of infiltrated inflammatory macrophages and activated major histocompatibility complex (MHC) II+ microglia decreased in RBP-JcKO mice compared with control mice. Moreover, to block monocyte recruitment by using chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 2 (CCR2) knockout mice, the effect of RBP-J deficiency on dopaminergic neurodegeneration was not affected, indicating that Notch signaling might regulate neuroinflammation independent of CCR2+ monocyte infiltration. Notably, when microglia were depleted with the PLX5622 formulated diet, we found that myeloid-specific RBP-J knockout resulted in more TH+ neurons and fewer activated microglia. Ex vitro experiments demonstrated that RBP-J deficiency in microglia might reduce inflammatory factor secretion, TH+ neuron apoptosis, and p65 nuclear translocation. Collectively, our study first revealed that RBP-J-mediated Notch signaling might participate in PD progression by mainly regulating microglia activation through nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Qian Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Peng-Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yi-Yang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jun-Long Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Fang-Ze Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Fang Kuang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Kai-Xi Ren
- Department of Neurology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Tiao-Xia Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Fan Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Lei Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Hua Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Hong-Yan Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
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Yoo Y, Neumayer G, Shibuya Y, Mader MMD, Wernig M. A cell therapy approach to restore microglial Trem2 function in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Cell Stem Cell 2023; 30:1043-1053.e6. [PMID: 37541210 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2023.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains one of the grand challenges facing human society. Much controversy exists around the complex and multifaceted pathogenesis of this prevalent disease. Given strong human genetic evidence, there is little doubt, however, that microglia play an important role in preventing degeneration of neurons. For example, loss of function of the microglial gene Trem2 renders microglia dysfunctional and causes an early-onset neurodegenerative syndrome, and Trem2 variants are among the strongest genetic risk factors for AD. Thus, restoring microglial function represents a rational therapeutic approach. Here, we show that systemic hematopoietic cell transplantation followed by enhancement of microglia replacement restores microglial function in a Trem2 mutant mouse model of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjin Yoo
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine and Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Gernot Neumayer
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine and Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Yohei Shibuya
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine and Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Marius Marc-Daniel Mader
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine and Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Marius Wernig
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine and Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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Mohapatra L, Mishra D, Shiomurti Tripathi A, Kumar Parida S. Immunosenescence as a convergence pathway in neurodegeneration. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 121:110521. [PMID: 37385122 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Immunity refers to the body's defense mechanism to protect itself against illness or to produce antibodies against pathogens. Senescence is a cellular phenomenon that integrates a sustainable growth restriction, other phenotypic abnormalities and including a pro-inflammatory secretome. It is highly involved in regulating developmental stages, tissue homeostasis, and tumor proliferation monitoring. Contemporary experimental reports imply that abolition of senescent cells employing evolved genetic and therapeutic approaches augment the chances of survival and boosts the health span of an individual. Immunosenescence is considered as a process in which dysfunction of the immune system occurs with aging and greatly includes remodeling of lymphoid organs. This in turn causes fluctuations in the immune function of the elderly that has strict relation with the expansion of autoimmune diseases, infections, malignant tumors and neurodegenerative disorders. The interaction of the nervous and immune systems during aging is marked by bi-directional influence and mutual correlation of variations. The enhanced systemic inflammatory condition in the elderly, and the neuronal immune cell activity can be modulated by inflamm-aging and peripheral immunosenescence resulting in chronic low-grade inflammatory processes in the central Nervous system known as neuro-inflammaging. For example, glia excitation by cytokines and glia pro-inflammatory productions contribute significantly to memory injury as well as in acute systemic inflammation, which is associated with high levels of Tumor necrosis factor -α and a rise in cognitive decline. In recent years its role in the pathology of Alzheimer's disease has caught research interest to a large extent. This article reviews the connection concerning the immune and nervous systems and highlights how immunosenescence and inflamm-aging can affect neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Mohapatra
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Lucknow, Amity University Uttar Pradesh Sector-125, Noida, 201313, India.
| | - Deepak Mishra
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Lucknow, Amity University Uttar Pradesh Sector-125, Noida, 201313, India
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Ma Q, Su D, Huo J, Yin G, Dong D, Duan K, Cheng H, Xu H, Ma J, Liu D, Mou B, Peng J, Cheng L. Microglial Depletion does not Affect the Laterality of Mechanical Allodynia in Mice. Neurosci Bull 2023; 39:1229-1245. [PMID: 36637789 PMCID: PMC10387012 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-022-01017-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanical allodynia (MA), including punctate and dynamic forms, is a common and debilitating symptom suffered by millions of chronic pain patients. Some peripheral injuries result in the development of bilateral MA, while most injuries usually led to unilateral MA. To date, the control of such laterality remains poorly understood. Here, to study the role of microglia in the control of MA laterality, we used genetic strategies to deplete microglia and tested both dynamic and punctate forms of MA in mice. Surprisingly, the depletion of central microglia did not prevent the induction of bilateral dynamic and punctate MA. Moreover, in dorsal root ganglion-dorsal root-sagittal spinal cord slice preparations we recorded the low-threshold Aβ-fiber stimulation-evoked inputs and outputs of superficial dorsal horn neurons. Consistent with behavioral results, microglial depletion did not prevent the opening of bilateral gates for Aβ pathways in the superficial dorsal horn. This study challenges the role of microglia in the control of MA laterality in mice. Future studies are needed to further understand whether the role of microglia in the control of MA laterality is etiology-or species-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Ma
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Department of Biology, Brain Research Center, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Dongmei Su
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Department of Biology, Brain Research Center, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jiantao Huo
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Department of Biology, Brain Research Center, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Guangjuan Yin
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Department of Biology, Brain Research Center, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Dong Dong
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Department of Biology, Brain Research Center, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Kaifang Duan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Department of Biology, Brain Research Center, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Hong Cheng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Department of Biology, Brain Research Center, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Huiling Xu
- Department of Biology, Brain Research Center, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jiao Ma
- Department of Biology, Brain Research Center, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Dong Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Department of Biology, Brain Research Center, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Bin Mou
- Institute of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Jiyun Peng
- Institute of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China.
| | - Longzhen Cheng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
- Department of Biology, Brain Research Center, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
- Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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Yu C, Lad EM, Mathew R, Littleton S, Chen Y, Schlepckow K, Degan S, Chew L, Amason J, Kalnitsky J, Rickman CB, Proia AD, Colonna M, Haass C, Saban DR. Microglia at Sites of Atrophy Restrict the Progression of Retinal Degeneration via Galectin-3 and Trem2 Interactions. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.19.549403. [PMID: 37502831 PMCID: PMC10370087 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.19.549403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Degenerative diseases of the outer retina, including age-related macular degeneration (AMD), are characterized by atrophy of photoreceptors and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). In these blinding diseases, macrophages are known to accumulate ectopically at sites of atrophy, but their ontogeny and functional specialization within this atrophic niche remain poorly understood, especially in the human context. Here, we uncovered a transcriptionally unique profile of microglia, marked by galectin-3 upregulation, at atrophic sites in mouse models of retinal degeneration and in human AMD. Using disease models, we found that conditional deletion of galectin-3 in microglia led to defects in phagocytosis and consequent augmented photoreceptor death, RPE damage and vision loss, suggestive of a protective role. Mechanistically, Trem2 signaling orchestrated the migration of microglial cells to sites of atrophy, and there, induced galectin-3 expression. Moreover, pharmacologic Trem2 agonization led to heightened protection, but only in a galectin-3-dependent manner, further signifying the functional interdependence of these two molecules. Likewise in elderly human subjects, we identified a highly conserved population of microglia at the transcriptomic, protein and spatial levels, and this population was enriched in the macular region of postmortem AMD subjects. Collectively, our findings reveal an atrophy-associated specialization of microglia that restricts the progression of retinal degeneration in mice and further suggest that these protective microglia are conserved in AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine; Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Eleonora M Lad
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine; Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Rose Mathew
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine; Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Sejiro Littleton
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine; Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Immunology, Duke University; Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Yun Chen
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Kai Schlepckow
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich; 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Simone Degan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine; Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Lindsey Chew
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine; Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Joshua Amason
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine; Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Joan Kalnitsky
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine; Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Catherine Bowes Rickman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine; Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University; Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Alan D Proia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine; Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine; Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Pathology, Campbell University Jerry M. Wallace School of Osteopathic Medicine, Lillington, NC 27546, USA
| | - Marco Colonna
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Christian Haass
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich; 81377 Munich, Germany
- Chair of Metabolic Biochemistry, Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; 81377 Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy); 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel R Saban
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine; Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Immunology, Duke University; Durham, NC 27710, USA
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Boghozian R, Sharma S, Narayana K, Cheema M, Brown CE. Sex and interferon gamma signaling regulate microglia migration in the adult mouse cortex in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2302892120. [PMID: 37428916 PMCID: PMC10629543 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2302892120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Although microglia possess the unique ability to migrate, whether mobility is evident in all microglia, is sex dependent, and what molecular mechanisms drive this, is not well understood in the adult brain. Using longitudinal in vivo two-photon imaging of sparsely labeled microglia, we find a relatively small population of microglia (~5%) are mobile under normal conditions. Following injury (microbleed), the fraction of mobile microglia increased in a sex-dependent manner, with male microglia migrating significantly greater distances toward the microbleed relative to their female counterparts. To understand the signaling pathways involved, we interrogated the role of interferon gamma (IFNγ). Our data show that in male mice, stimulating microglia with IFNγ promotes migration whereas inhibiting IFNγ receptor 1 signaling inhibits them. By contrast, female microglia were generally unaffected by these manipulations. These findings highlight the diversity of microglia migratory responses to injury, its dependence on sex and the signaling mechanisms that modulate this behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roobina Boghozian
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BCV8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Sorabh Sharma
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BCV8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Kamal Narayana
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BCV8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Manjinder Cheema
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BCV8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Craig E. Brown
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BCV8P 5C2, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BCV6T 2A1, Canada
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Fixsen BR, Han CZ, Zhou Y, Spann NJ, Saisan P, Shen Z, Balak C, Sakai M, Cobo I, Holtman IR, Warden AS, Ramirez G, Collier JG, Pasillas MP, Yu M, Hu R, Li B, Belhocine S, Gosselin D, Coufal NG, Ren B, Glass CK. SALL1 enforces microglia-specific DNA binding and function of SMADs to establish microglia identity. Nat Immunol 2023; 24:1188-1199. [PMID: 37322178 PMCID: PMC10307637 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-023-01528-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Spalt-like transcription factor 1 (SALL1) is a critical regulator of organogenesis and microglia identity. Here we demonstrate that disruption of a conserved microglia-specific super-enhancer interacting with the Sall1 promoter results in complete and specific loss of Sall1 expression in microglia. By determining the genomic binding sites of SALL1 and leveraging Sall1 enhancer knockout mice, we provide evidence for functional interactions between SALL1 and SMAD4 required for microglia-specific gene expression. SMAD4 binds directly to the Sall1 super-enhancer and is required for Sall1 expression, consistent with an evolutionarily conserved requirement of the TGFβ and SMAD homologs Dpp and Mad for cell-specific expression of Spalt in the Drosophila wing. Unexpectedly, SALL1 in turn promotes binding and function of SMAD4 at microglia-specific enhancers while simultaneously suppressing binding of SMAD4 to enhancers of genes that become inappropriately activated in enhancer knockout microglia, thereby enforcing microglia-specific functions of the TGFβ-SMAD signaling axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany R Fixsen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Claudia Z Han
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yi Zhou
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Nathanael J Spann
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Payam Saisan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Zeyang Shen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Christopher Balak
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Mashito Sakai
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Isidoro Cobo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Inge R Holtman
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, Section Molecular Neurobiology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Anna S Warden
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Jana G Collier
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Martina P Pasillas
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Miao Yu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Rong Hu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sarah Belhocine
- Axe Neuroscience, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
- Département de Médecine Moléculaire de la Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - David Gosselin
- Axe Neuroscience, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
- Département de Médecine Moléculaire de la Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nicole G Coufal
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Bing Ren
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Christopher K Glass
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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Zhao Q, Li H, Li H, Xie F, Zhang J. Research progress of neuroinflammation-related cells in traumatic brain injury: A review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e34009. [PMID: 37352020 PMCID: PMC10289497 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000034009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation after traumatic brain injury (TBI) is related to chronic neurodegenerative diseases and is one of the causes of acute secondary injury after TBI. Therefore, it is particularly important to clarify the role of cellular mechanisms in the neuroinflammatory response after TBI. The objective of this article is to understand the involvement of cells during the TBI inflammatory response (for instance, astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocytes) and shed light on the recent progress in the stimulation and interaction of granulocytes and lymphocytes, to provide a novel approach for clinical research. We searched articles in PubMed published between 1950 and 2023, using the following keywords: TBI, neuroinflammation, inflammatory cells, neuroprotection, clinical. Articles for inclusion in this paper were finalized based on their novelty, representativeness, and relevance to the main arguments of this review. We found that the neuroinflammatory response after TBI includes the activation of glial cells, the release of inflammatory mediators in the brain, and the recruitment of peripheral immune cells. These inflammatory responses not only induce secondary brain damage, but also have a role in repairing the nervous system to some extent. However, not all of the mechanisms of cell-to-cell interactions have been well studied. After TBI, clinical treatment cannot simply suppress the inflammatory response, and the inflammatory phenotype of patients' needs to be defined according to their specific conditions after injury. Clinical trials of personalized inflammation regulation therapy for specific patients should be carried out in order to improve the prognosis of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghui Zhao
- Institute of Physical Culture, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian, China
| | - Huige Li
- Institute of Physical Culture, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian, China
| | - Hongru Li
- Zhumadian Central Hospital, Zhumadian, China
| | - Fei Xie
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Institute of Physical Culture, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian, China
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Andries L, Kancheva D, Masin L, Scheyltjens I, Van Hove H, De Vlaminck K, Bergmans S, Claes M, De Groef L, Moons L, Movahedi K. Immune stimulation recruits a subset of pro-regenerative macrophages to the retina that promotes axonal regrowth of injured neurons. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2023; 11:85. [PMID: 37226256 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-023-01580-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The multifaceted nature of neuroinflammation is highlighted by its ability to both aggravate and promote neuronal health. While in mammals retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) are unable to regenerate following injury, acute inflammation can induce axonal regrowth. However, the nature of the cells, cellular states and signalling pathways that drive this inflammation-induced regeneration have remained elusive. Here, we investigated the functional significance of macrophages during RGC de- and regeneration, by characterizing the inflammatory cascade evoked by optic nerve crush (ONC) injury, with or without local inflammatory stimulation in the vitreous. By combining single-cell RNA sequencing and fate mapping approaches, we elucidated the response of retinal microglia and recruited monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) to RGC injury. Importantly, inflammatory stimulation recruited large numbers of MDMs to the retina, which exhibited long-term engraftment and promoted axonal regrowth. Ligand-receptor analysis highlighted a subset of recruited macrophages that exhibited expression of pro-regenerative secreted factors, which were able to promote axon regrowth via paracrine signalling. Our work reveals how inflammation may promote CNS regeneration by modulating innate immune responses, providing a rationale for macrophage-centred strategies for driving neuronal repair following injury and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lien Andries
- Neural Circuit Development and Regeneration Research Group, Animal Physiology and Neurobiology Division, Department of Biology, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 61, Box 2464, 3000, Louvain, Belgium
| | - Daliya Kancheva
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Lab, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Luca Masin
- Neural Circuit Development and Regeneration Research Group, Animal Physiology and Neurobiology Division, Department of Biology, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 61, Box 2464, 3000, Louvain, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Scheyltjens
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Lab, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hannah Van Hove
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Lab, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Karen De Vlaminck
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Lab, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Steven Bergmans
- Neural Circuit Development and Regeneration Research Group, Animal Physiology and Neurobiology Division, Department of Biology, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 61, Box 2464, 3000, Louvain, Belgium
| | - Marie Claes
- Neural Circuit Development and Regeneration Research Group, Animal Physiology and Neurobiology Division, Department of Biology, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 61, Box 2464, 3000, Louvain, Belgium
| | - Lies De Groef
- Neural Circuit Development and Regeneration Research Group, Animal Physiology and Neurobiology Division, Department of Biology, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 61, Box 2464, 3000, Louvain, Belgium
- Cellular Communication and Neurodegeneration Research Group, Animal Physiology and Neurobiology Division, Department of Biology, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, 3000, Louvain, Belgium
| | - Lieve Moons
- Neural Circuit Development and Regeneration Research Group, Animal Physiology and Neurobiology Division, Department of Biology, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 61, Box 2464, 3000, Louvain, Belgium.
| | - Kiavash Movahedi
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium.
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Lab, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium.
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49
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Ng LG, Liu Z, Kwok I, Ginhoux F. Origin and Heterogeneity of Tissue Myeloid Cells: A Focus on GMP-Derived Monocytes and Neutrophils. Annu Rev Immunol 2023; 41:375-404. [PMID: 37126421 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-081022-113627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Myeloid cells are a significant proportion of leukocytes within tissues, comprising granulocytes, monocytes, dendritic cells, and macrophages. With the identification of various myeloid cells that perform separate but complementary functions during homeostasis and disease, our understanding of tissue myeloid cells has evolved significantly. Exciting findings from transcriptomics profiling and fate-mapping mouse models have facilitated the identification of their developmental origins, maturation, and tissue-specific specializations. This review highlights the current understanding of tissue myeloid cells and the contributing factors of functional heterogeneity to better comprehend the complex and dynamic immune interactions within the healthy or inflamed tissue. Specifically, we discuss the new understanding of the contributions of granulocyte-monocyte progenitor-derived phagocytes to tissue myeloid cell heterogeneity as well as the impact of niche-specific factors on monocyte and neutrophil phenotype and function. Lastly, we explore the developing paradigm of myeloid cell heterogeneity during inflammation and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lai Guan Ng
- Shanghai Immune Therapy Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China;
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Biopolis, Singapore; ,
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhaoyuan Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Immanuel Kwok
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), ASTAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Biopolis, Singapore; ,
| | - Florent Ginhoux
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), ASTAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Biopolis, Singapore; ,
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institut Gustave Roussy, INSERM U1015, Villejuif, France
- Translational Immunology Institute, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore
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Lee SH, Kang B, Kamenyeva O, Ferreira TR, Cho K, Khillan JS, Kabat J, Kelsall BL, Sacks DL. Dermis resident macrophages orchestrate localized ILC2-eosinophil circuitries to maintain their M2-like properties and promote non-healing cutaneous leishmaniasis. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2644705. [PMID: 37066418 PMCID: PMC10104262 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2644705/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Tissue-resident macrophages (TRMs) are critical for tissue homeostasis/repair. We previously showed that dermal TRMs produce CCL24 (eotaxin2) which mediates their interaction with IL-4 producing eosinophils, required to maintain their number and M2-like properties in the TH1 environment of the Leishmania major infected skin. Here, we unveil another layer of TRM self-maintenance involving their production of TSLP, an alarmin typically characterized as epithelial cell-derived. Both TSLP signaling and IL-5+ innate lymphoid cell 2 (ILC2s) were shown to maintain the number of dermal TRMs and promote infection. Single cell RNA sequencing identified the dermal TRMs as the sole source of TSLP and CCL24. Development of Ccl24-cre mice permitted specific labeling of dermal TRMs, as well as interstitial TRMs from other organs. Genetic ablation of TSLP from dermal TRMs reduced the number of dermal TRMs, and disease was ameliorated. Thus, by orchestrating localized type 2 circuitries with ILC2s and eosinophils, dermal TRMs are self-maintained as a replicative niche for L. major.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hun Lee
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Byunghyun Kang
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Olena Kamenyeva
- Biological Imaging Section, Research Technology Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Tiago Rodrigues Ferreira
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kyoungin Cho
- Mouse Genetics and Gene Modification Section, Comparative Medicine Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Jaspal S. Khillan
- Mouse Genetics and Gene Modification Section, Comparative Medicine Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Juraj Kabat
- Biological Imaging Section, Research Technology Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Brian L. Kelsall
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - David L. Sacks
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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