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Kim KK, Lee HR, Jang SM, Kim TW. Effects of Rosa multiflora root extract on adipogenesis and lipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and SD rat models. Nutr Res Pract 2024; 18:180-193. [PMID: 38584817 PMCID: PMC10995778 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2024.18.2.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Obesity is a major cause of metabolic disorders; to prevent obesity, research is ongoing to develop natural and safe ingredients with few adverse effects. In this study, we determined the anti-obesity effects of Rosa multiflora root extract (KWFD-H01) in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. MATERIALS/METHODS The anti-obesity effects of KWFD-H01in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and SD rats were examined using various assays, including Oil Red O staining, gene expression analyses, protein expression analyses, and blood biochemical analyses. RESULTS KWFD-H01 reduced intracellular lipid accumulation and inhibited the mRNA expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), cytidine-cytidine-adenosine-adenosine-thymidine (CCAAT)/enhancer binding proteins (C/EBPα), sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor 1 (SREBP-1c), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), and fatty acid synthase (FAS) in 3T3-L1 cells. KWFD-H01 also reduced body weight, weight gain, and the levels of triglycerides, total and LDL-cholesterol, glucose, and leptin, while increasing high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and adiponectin in SD rats. PPARγ, C/EBPα, SREBP-1c, ACC, and FAS protein expression was inhibited in the epididymal fat of SD rats. CONCLUSION Overall, these results confirm the anti-obesity effects of KWFD-H01 in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and SD rats, indicating their potential as baseline data for developing functional health foods or pharmaceuticals to control obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hye Rim Lee
- Kangwon National University Well-Being Bioproducts R&D Center, Hoengseong 25209, Korea
| | | | - Tae Woo Kim
- Newgen Healthcare Co., Chuncheon 24232, Korea
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Xiong Y, Xu Z, Li X, Wang Y, Zhao J, Wang N, Duan Y, Xia R, Han Z, Qian Y, Liang J, Zhang A, Guo C, Inoue A, Xia Y, Chen Z, He Y. Identification of oleic acid as an endogenous ligand of GPR3. Cell Res 2024; 34:232-244. [PMID: 38287117 PMCID: PMC10907358 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-024-00932-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Although GPR3 plays pivotal roles in both the nervous system and metabolic processes, such as cold-induced thermogenesis, its endogenous ligand remains elusive. Here, by combining structural approach (including cryo-electron microscopy), mass spectrometry analysis, and functional studies, we identify oleic acid (OA) as an endogenous ligand of GPR3. Our study reveals a hydrophobic tunnel within GPR3 that connects the extracellular side of the receptor to the middle of plasma membrane, enabling fatty acids to readily engage the receptor. Functional studies demonstrate that OA triggers downstream Gs signaling, whereas lysophospholipids fail to activate the receptor. Moreover, our research reveals that cold stimulation induces the secretion of OA in mice, subsequently activating Gs/cAMP/PKA signaling in brown adipose tissue. Notably, brown adipose tissues from Gpr3 knockout mice do not respond to OA during cold stimulation, reinforcing the significance of GPR3 in this process. Finally, we propose a "born to be activated and cold to enhance" model for GPR3 activation. Our study provides a starting framework for the understanding of GPR3 signaling in cold-stimulated thermogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangjie Xiong
- HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zhenmei Xu
- HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xinzhi Li
- HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yuqin Wang
- HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Na Wang
- HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yaning Duan
- HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Ruixue Xia
- HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zhengbin Han
- HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yu Qian
- HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jiale Liang
- HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Anqi Zhang
- HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Changyou Guo
- HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Asuka Inoue
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yu Xia
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
| | - Zheng Chen
- HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
- Frontiers Science Center for Matter Behave in Space Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Yuanzheng He
- HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
- Frontiers Science Center for Matter Behave in Space Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
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Han YH, Kee JY. Extract of Isatidis Radix Inhibits Lipid Accumulation in In Vitro and In Vivo by Regulating Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1426. [PMID: 37507964 PMCID: PMC10376543 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Isatidis Radix (IR), the root of Isatis tinctoria L. belonging to Brassicaceae, has been traditionally used as a fever reducer. Although some pharmacological effects, such as anti-diabetes, anti-virus, and anti-inflammatory, have been reported, there is no study on the anti-obesity effect of IR. This study used 3T3-L1 cells, human mesenchymal adipose stem cells (hAMSCs), and a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mouse model to confirm the anti-adipogenic effect of IR. Intracellular lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells and hAMSCs was decreased by IR treatment.IR extract especially suppressed reactive oxygen species (ROS) production through a cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36)-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway. Consequently, the expressions of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), CCAAT-enhancer-binding proteins alpha (C/EBPα), and fatty acid synthesis (FAS) were inhibited by IR extract. In addition, β-oxidation-related genes were also decreased by treatment of IR extract. IR inhibited weight gain through this cascade in the HFD-induced obese mouse model. IR significantly suppressed lipid accumulation in epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT). Furthermore, the administration of IR extract decreased serum free fatty acid (FFA), total cholesterol (TC), and LDL cholesterol, suggesting that it could be a potential drug for obesity by inhibiting lipid accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yo-Han Han
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Ye Kee
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea
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Sun W, Xing Y, Zhou F, Ma Y, Wan X, Ma H. Association Analysis of Triglyceride Glucose-Body Mass Index and Bone Turnover Markers in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2023; 16:1435-1447. [PMID: 37229351 PMCID: PMC10203808 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s406849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective In view of the high prevalence of osteoporosis in diabetic patients, this study aimed to investigate the correlation between TyG-BMI, which represents insulin resistance, and bone loss markers, which represent bone metabolism, in an attempt to provide new ideas for the early prevention and diagnosis of osteoporosis in patients with T2DM. Patients and Methods A total of 1148 T2DM were enrolled. The clinical data and laboratory indicators of the patients were collected. TyG-BMI was calculated based on fasting blood glucose (FBG), triglycerides (TG), and body mass index (BMI) levels. Patients were divided into Q1-Q4 groups according to TyG-BMI quartiles. According to gender, two groups were divided into men and postmenopausal women. Subgroup analysis was performed according to age, course of disease, BMI, TG level and 25(OH)D3 level. The correlation between TyG-BMI and BTMs was investigated by correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis using SPSS25.0 statistical software. Results 1. Compared with Q1 group, the proportion of OC, PINP and β-CTX in Q2, Q3 and Q4 groups decreased significantly. 2. Correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis showed that TYG-BMI was negatively correlated with OC, PINP and β-CTX in all patients and male patients. In postmenopausal women, TyG-BMI was negatively correlated with OC and β-CTX, but not with PINP. 3. Subgroup analysis of male patients and postmenopausal female patients according to age, course of disease, BMI, TG and 25(OH)D3 showed that TyG-BMI had a stronger negative correlation with BTMs in male patients with age < 65, disease duration < 10, BMI≥24, TG < 1.7, and 25(OH)D3≥20. Conclusion This study was the first to show an inverse association between TyG-BMI and BTMs in T2DM patients, suggesting that high TyG-BMI may be associated with impaired bone turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Sun
- Graduate School of North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuling Xing
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fei Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
- Graduate School of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingao Ma
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
- Graduate School of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaozheng Wan
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
- Graduate School of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huijuan Ma
- Graduate School of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
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A Skeletal Muscle-Centric View on Time-Restricted Feeding and Obesity under Various Metabolic Challenges in Humans and Animals. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010422. [PMID: 36613864 PMCID: PMC9820735 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Nearly 50% of adults will suffer from obesity in the U.S. by 2030. High obesity rates can lead to high economic and healthcare burdens in addition to elevated mortality rates and reduced health span in patients. Emerging data demonstrate that obesity is a multifactorial complex disease with various etiologies including aging, a lifestyle of chronic high-fat diets (HFD), genetic predispositions, and circadian disruption. Time-restricted feeding/eating (TRF; TRE in humans) is an intervention demonstrated by studies to show promise as an effective alternative therapy for ameliorating the effects of obesity and metabolic disease. New studies have recently suggested that TRF/TRE modulates the skeletal muscle which plays a crucial role in metabolism historically observed to be impaired under obesity. Here we discuss recent findings regarding potential mechanisms underlying TRF's modulation of skeletal muscle function, metabolism, and structure which may shed light on future research related to TRF as a solution to obesity.
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Khan F, Khan H, Khan A, Yamasaki M, Moustaid-Moussa N, Al-Harrasi A, Rahman SM. Autophagy in adipogenesis: Molecular mechanisms and regulation by bioactive compounds. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 155:113715. [PMID: 36152415 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
White adipose tissue expands rapidly due to increased adipocyte number (hyperplasia) and size (hypertrophy), which results in obesity. Adipogenesis is a process of the formation of mature adipocytes from precursor cells. Additionally, obesity-related metabolic complications, such as fatty liver and insulin resistance, are linked to adipogenesis. On the contrary, autophagy is a catabolic process; essential to maintain cellular homeostasis via the degradation or recycling of unnecessary or damaged components. Importantly, autophagy dictates obesity and adipogenesis. Hence, a clear understanding of how autophagy regulates adipogenesis is crucial for drug development and the prevention and treatment of obesity and its associated disorders, such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. In this review, we highlighted recent findings regarding the crosstalk between adipogenesis and autophagy, as well as the molecules involved. Furthermore, the review discussed how bioactive compounds regulate adipogenesis by manipulating autophagy and underlying molecular mechanisms. Based on in vitro and animal studies, we summarized the effects of bioactive compounds on adipogenesis and autophagy. Hence, human studies are necessary to validate the effectiveness and optimal dosage of these bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faizullah Khan
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 616, Sultanate of Oman; Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Ajmal Khan
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 616, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Masao Yamasaki
- Department of Biochemistry and Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Naima Moustaid-Moussa
- Texas Tech University, Nutritional Sciences, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 616, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Shaikh Mizanoor Rahman
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 616, Sultanate of Oman.
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Brasil BB, Masaji S, Martins BT, Jiang H, Song N, Athena A S, Lucas B, François M, Wei-Jun Q, Rohit KN, Ronald KC. Apolipoprotein C3 and circulating mediators of preadipocyte proliferation in states of lipodystrophy. Mol Metab 2022; 64:101572. [PMID: 35964946 PMCID: PMC9418991 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipogenesis is a complex process controlled by intrinsic and extrinsic factors that regulate preadipocyte proliferation, adipogenic capacity and maturation of metabolic function. Here we show that insulin and IGF-1 receptors are essential for mature adipocyte survival and that deletion of both IR and IGF1R specifically in fat using a tamoxifen inducible-AdipoQ-Cre (Ai-DKO) leads to rapid and severe loss of adipocytes in all depots, associated with a metabolic syndrome characterized by hypertriglyceridemia, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, fatty liver, and pancreatic beta cell proliferation. In this model, this pathological phenotype reverses over a few weeks, in large part, due to preadipocyte proliferation and adipose tissue regeneration. Incubation of preadipocytes with serum from the Ai-DKO mice in vitro stimulates cell proliferation, and this effect can be mimicked by conditioned media from liver slices of Ai-DKO mice, but not by media of cultured Ai-DKO adipocytes, indicating a hepatic origin of the growth factor. Proteomic analysis of serum reveals apolipoprotein C3 (APOC3), a protein secreted by liver, as one of the most upregulated proteins in the Ai-DKO mice. In vitro, purified and delipidated APOC3 stimulates preadipocyte proliferation, however, knockdown of hepatic APOC3 in vivo in Ai-DKO mice is not sufficient to block adipose regeneration. Thus, lipodystrophy is associated with presence of increased preadipocyte-stimulating growth factors in serum. Our study indicates that APOC3 is one contributing factor to preadipocyte proliferation, however, other still-unidentified circulating growth factors are also likely present in Ai-DKO mice. Identification of these factors may provide a new approach to regulation of adipose mass in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandao Bruna Brasil
- Section of Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sakaguchi Masaji
- Section of Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Batista, Thiago Martins
- Section of Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hu Jiang
- Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Dept. of Medicine, BIDMC, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nie Song
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Schepmoes Athena A
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | | | - Moreau François
- Section of Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Qian Wei-Jun
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Kulkarni N. Rohit
- Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Dept. of Medicine, BIDMC, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kahn, C. Ronald
- Section of Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Corresponding author. Joslin Diabetes Center, One Joslin Place, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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Noninvasive NMR/MRS Metabolic Parameters to Evaluate Metabolic Syndrome in Rats. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12071621. [PMID: 35885526 PMCID: PMC9323612 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12071621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Ectopic fat deposition and its effects, metabolic syndrome, have been significantly correlated to lifestyle and caloric consumption. There is no specific noninvasive evaluation tool being used in order to establish clinical markers for tracing the metabolic pathway implicated in obesity-related abnormalities that occur in the body as a result of a high-fat diet (HFD). The purpose of this work is to investigate in vivo ectopic fat distribution and in vitro metabolite profiles given by HFDs, as well as how they are inter-related, in order to find surrogate metabolic biomarkers in the development of metabolic syndrome utilizing noninvasive approaches. (2) Methods: Male Wistar rats were divided into a standard normal chow diet, ND group, and HFD group. After 16 weeks of different diet administration, blood samples were collected for proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) and biochemical analysis. Magnetic resonance imaging/proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRI/1H MRS) was performed on the abdomen, liver, and psoas muscle of the rats. (3) Results: Visceral fat showed the strongest relationship with blood cholesterol. Although liver fat content (LFC) was not associated with any biophysical profiles, it had the highest correlation with metabolites such as (-CH2)n very-low-density lipoprotein/low-density lipoprotein (VLDL/LDL), lactate, and N-acetyl glycoprotein of serum 1H NMR. HFD showed no obvious influence on muscle fat accumulation. Acetoacetate, N-acetyl glycoprotein, lactate, (-CH2)n VLDL/LDL, and valine were the five possible metabolic biomarkers used to differentiate HFD from ND in the present study. (4) Conclusions: Our study has validated the influence of long-term HFD-induced ectopic fat on body metabolism as well as the metabolic profile deterioration both in vivo and in vitro.
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Li Y, Li J, Yu H, Liu Y, Song H, Tian X, Liu D, Yan C, Han Y. HOXA5-miR-574-5p axis promotes adipogenesis and alleviates insulin resistance. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2022; 27:200-210. [PMID: 34976438 PMCID: PMC8693313 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Differentiation of preadipocytes into functional adipocytes could be a major target for repressing obesity-induced insulin resistance (IR). However, the molecular mechanisms involved in adipogenesis and the development of IR are unclear. We report, for the first time, that miR-574-5p, a novel miRNA, promotes adipogenesis to suppress IR. An increase in the level of miR-574-5p significantly induced the differentiation of preadipocytes into mature adipocytes. Conversely, reduction of miR-574-5p levels blocked the differentiation of preadipocytes in vitro. In a dual-luciferase reporter assay, it was shown that homeobox A5 (HOXA5) promoted the transcription of miR-574-5p to induce the differentiation of preadipocytes. Hdac9, a direct downstream target of miR-574-5p, was involved in the regulation of adipocyte differentiation. The overexpression of miR-574-5p also promoted adipogenesis in subcutaneous fat to alleviate IR in high-fat-diet-fed mice. Additionally, miR-574-5p expression was significantly higher in the subcutaneous adipose tissue of obese patients without type 2 diabetes than in those with type 2 diabetes. There was an increase in HOXA5 expression and a decrease in histone deacetylase 9 (HDAC9) expression in the subcutaneous fat of obese patients without type 2 diabetes. These results suggest that miR-574-5p may be a potential therapeutic target for combating obesity-related IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Li
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research Institute of PLA, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang 110016, China
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jiayin Li
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research Institute of PLA, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang 110016, China
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Haibo Yu
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research Institute of PLA, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yanxia Liu
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research Institute of PLA, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Haixu Song
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research Institute of PLA, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Tian
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research Institute of PLA, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research Institute of PLA, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Chenghui Yan
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research Institute of PLA, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yaling Han
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research Institute of PLA, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang 110016, China
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Kornej J, Lin H, Trinquart L, Jackson CR, Ko D, Benjamin EJ, Preis SR. Neck Circumference and Risk of Incident Atrial Fibrillation in the Framingham Heart Study. J Am Heart Assoc 2022; 11:e022340. [PMID: 35156385 PMCID: PMC9245798 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.121.022340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Increased neck circumference, a proxy for upper‐body subcutaneous fat, is associated with cardiovascular risk and metabolic risk factors, accounting for body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference. The association between neck circumference and incident atrial fibrillation (AF) is unclear. The aim of current study was to evaluate the association between neck circumference and incident AF. Methods and Results We selected participants from the Framingham Heart Study aged ≥55 years without diagnosed AF and with available neck circumference, BMI, and waist circumference measurements. We defined high neck circumference as ≥14 inches in women and ≥17 inches in men on the basis of the Contal and O’Quigley changepoint method. We used Fine‐Gray models to estimate subdistribution hazards ratios (sHRs) for the association between neck circumference and incident AF accounting for the competing risk of death. We adjusted models for clinical risk factors. We then additionally adjusted separately for BMI, waist circumference, and height/weight. The study sample included 4093 participants (mean age 64±7 years, 55% female). During 11.2±5.7 mean years of follow‐up, incident AF occurred in 571 participants. High neck circumference was associated with incident AF (sHR for high versus low: 1.58; 95% CI, 1.32–1.90, P<0.0001). The association remained significant after adjustment for BMI (sHR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.21–1.89; P=0.0003), waist circumference (sHR, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.18–1.83; P<0.0001), and height/weight (sHR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.09–1.72; P=0.007). Conclusions High neck circumference was associated with incident AF adjusting for traditional adiposity measures such as BMI and waist circumference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Kornej
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute’s and Boston University’s Framingham Heart Study Framingham MA
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine Department of Medicine Boston University School of Medicine Boston MA
| | - Honghuang Lin
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute’s and Boston University’s Framingham Heart Study Framingham MA
- Section of Computational Biomedicine Department of Medicine Boston University School of Medicine Boston MA
| | - Ludovic Trinquart
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute’s and Boston University’s Framingham Heart Study Framingham MA
- Department of Biostatistics Boston University School of Public Health Boston MA
| | | | - Darae Ko
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine Department of Medicine Boston University School of Medicine Boston MA
| | - Emelia J. Benjamin
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute’s and Boston University’s Framingham Heart Study Framingham MA
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine Department of Medicine Boston University School of Medicine Boston MA
- Department of Epidemiology Boston University School of Public Health Boston MA
| | - Sarah R. Preis
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute’s and Boston University’s Framingham Heart Study Framingham MA
- Department of Biostatistics Boston University School of Public Health Boston MA
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MicroRNA-100 Reduced Fetal Bovine Muscle Satellite Cell Myogenesis and Augmented Intramuscular Lipid Deposition by Modulating IGF1R. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030451. [PMID: 35159261 PMCID: PMC8833961 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously, microRNA-100 (miR-100) and its putative mRNA target, insulin-like growth factor receptor-1 (IGF1R) were identified as differentially and inversely expressed in bovine longissimus dorsi (LD) muscles with divergent intramuscular fat (IMF) content by our group. While IGF1R signaling is implicated in myogenesis and muscle lipid metabolism, the underlying regulatory mechanisms are poorly understood. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the regulation of IGF1R by miR-100 during bovine muscle satellite cell (BMSC) myogenesis and lipid deposition. MiR-100 was confirmed to target the IGF1R 3′-untranslated region (3′-UTR) by luciferase reporter assay. Furthermore, expression of miR-100 and IGF1R was reciprocal during BMSC differentiation, suggesting a crosstalk between the two. Correspondingly, miR-100 mimic (agomiR) suppressed the levels of IGF1R, PI3K/AKT pathway signaling, myogenic gene MYOG, muscle structural components MYH7 and MYH8, whereas the inhibitor (antagomiR) had no clear stimulating effects. The IGF1R inhibitor (BMS-754807) curtailed receptor levels and triggered atrophy in muscle myotubes but did not influence miR-100 expression. AgomiR increased oleic acid-induced lipid deposition in BMSC myotubes supporting its involvement in intramuscular fat deposition, while antagomiR had no effect. Moreover, mitochondrial beta-oxidation and long-chain fatty acid synthesis-related genes were modulated by agomiR addition. Our results demonstrate modulatory roles of miR-100 in BMSC development, lipid deposition, and metabolism and suggest a role of miR-100 in marbling characteristics of meat animals and fat oxidation in muscle.
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Htun KT, Pan J, Pasanta D, Tungjai M, Udomtanakunchai C, Petcharoen T, Chamta N, Kosicharoen S, Chukua K, Lai C, Kothan S. Advanced Molecular Imaging (MRI/MRS/ 1H NMR) for Metabolic Information in Young Adults with Health Risk Obesity. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11101035. [PMID: 34685406 PMCID: PMC8541404 DOI: 10.3390/life11101035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity or being overweight is a medical condition of abnormal body fat accumulation which is associated with a higher risk of developing metabolic syndrome. The distinct body fat depots on specific parts of the anatomy have unique metabolic properties and different types of regional excessive fat distribution can be a disease hazard. The aim of this study was to identify the metabolome and molecular imaging phenotypes among a young adult population. METHODS The amount and distribution of fat and lipid metabolites profile in the abdomen, liver, and calf muscles of 46 normal weight, 17 overweight, and 13 obese participants were acquired using MRI and MR spectroscopy (MRS), respectively. The serum metabolic profile was obtained using proton NMR spectroscopy. NMR spectra were integrated into seven integration regions, which reflect relative metabolites. RESULTS A significant metabolic disorder symptom appeared in the overweight and obese group, and increased lipid deposition occurred in the abdomen, hepatocytes, and muscles that were statistically significant. Overall, the visceral fat depots had a marked influence on dyslipidemia biomarkers, blood triglyceride (r = 0.592, p < 0.001), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (r = -0.484, p < 0.001). Intrahepatocellular lipid was associated with diabetes predictors for hemoglobin (HbA1c%; r = 0.379, p < 0.001) and for fasting blood sugar (r = 0.333, p < 0.05). The lipid signals in serum triglyceride and glucose signals gave similar correspondence to biochemical lipid profiles. CONCLUSIONS This study proves the association between alteration in metabolome in young adults, which is the key population for early prevention of obesity and metabolic syndrome. This study suggests that dyslipidemia prevalence is influenced mainly by the visceral fat depot, and liver fat depot is a key determinant for glucose metabolism and hyperglycemia. Moreover, noninvasive advanced molecular imaging completely elucidated the impact of fat distribution on the anthropometric and laboratory parameters, especially indices of the metabolic syndrome biomarkers in young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khin Thandar Htun
- Center of Radiation Research and Medical Imaging, Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (K.T.H.); (D.P.); (M.T.); (C.U.); (T.P.); (N.C.); (S.K.); (K.C.)
| | - Jie Pan
- Center of Radiation Research and Medical Imaging, Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (K.T.H.); (D.P.); (M.T.); (C.U.); (T.P.); (N.C.); (S.K.); (K.C.)
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistant Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
- Correspondence: (J.P.); (S.K.); Tel.: +86-13583101188 (J.P.); +66-5394-9213 (S.K.)
| | - Duanghathai Pasanta
- Center of Radiation Research and Medical Imaging, Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (K.T.H.); (D.P.); (M.T.); (C.U.); (T.P.); (N.C.); (S.K.); (K.C.)
| | - Montree Tungjai
- Center of Radiation Research and Medical Imaging, Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (K.T.H.); (D.P.); (M.T.); (C.U.); (T.P.); (N.C.); (S.K.); (K.C.)
| | - Chatchanok Udomtanakunchai
- Center of Radiation Research and Medical Imaging, Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (K.T.H.); (D.P.); (M.T.); (C.U.); (T.P.); (N.C.); (S.K.); (K.C.)
| | - Thanaporn Petcharoen
- Center of Radiation Research and Medical Imaging, Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (K.T.H.); (D.P.); (M.T.); (C.U.); (T.P.); (N.C.); (S.K.); (K.C.)
| | - Nattacha Chamta
- Center of Radiation Research and Medical Imaging, Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (K.T.H.); (D.P.); (M.T.); (C.U.); (T.P.); (N.C.); (S.K.); (K.C.)
| | - Supak Kosicharoen
- Center of Radiation Research and Medical Imaging, Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (K.T.H.); (D.P.); (M.T.); (C.U.); (T.P.); (N.C.); (S.K.); (K.C.)
| | - Kiattisak Chukua
- Center of Radiation Research and Medical Imaging, Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (K.T.H.); (D.P.); (M.T.); (C.U.); (T.P.); (N.C.); (S.K.); (K.C.)
| | - Christopher Lai
- Health and Social Sciences, Singapore Institute of Technology, 10 Dover Drive, Singapore 138683, Singapore;
| | - Suchart Kothan
- Center of Radiation Research and Medical Imaging, Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (K.T.H.); (D.P.); (M.T.); (C.U.); (T.P.); (N.C.); (S.K.); (K.C.)
- Correspondence: (J.P.); (S.K.); Tel.: +86-13583101188 (J.P.); +66-5394-9213 (S.K.)
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13
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Adipose-Derived Lipid-Binding Proteins: The Good, the Bad and the Metabolic Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910460. [PMID: 34638803 PMCID: PMC8508731 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue releases a large range of bioactive factors called adipokines, many of which are involved in inflammation, glucose homeostasis and lipid metabolism. Under pathological conditions such as obesity, most of the adipokines are upregulated and considered as deleterious, due to their pro-inflammatory, pro-atherosclerotic or pro-diabetic properties, while only a few are downregulated and would be designated as beneficial adipokines, thanks to their counteracting properties against the onset of comorbidities. This review focuses on six adipose-derived lipid-binding proteins that have emerged as key factors in the development of obesity and diabetes: Retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4), Fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4), Apolipoprotein D (APOD), Lipocalin-2 (LCN2), Lipocalin-14 (LCN14) and Apolipoprotein M (APOM). These proteins share structural homology and capacity to bind small hydrophobic molecules but display opposite effects on glucose and lipid metabolism. RBP4 and FABP4 are positively associated with metabolic syndrome, while APOD and LCN2 are ubiquitously expressed proteins with deleterious or beneficial effects, depending on their anatomical site of expression. LCN14 and APOM have been recently identified as adipokines associated with healthy metabolism. Recent findings on these lipid-binding proteins exhibiting detrimental or protective roles in human and murine metabolism and their involvement in metabolic diseases are also discussed.
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14
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Adherence to the Mediterranean diet and body composition of breast-feeding mothers: the potential role of unsaturated fatty acids. J Nutr Sci 2021; 10:e63. [PMID: 34457245 PMCID: PMC8365532 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2021.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
A paucity of evidence is available regarding the impact of diet's quality during pregnancy and lactation on the body composition of breast-feeding mothers. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the association between maternal degree of adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) and body composition measures specifically those relating to body fat, in the lactation period. A cross-sectional study on healthy mothers of full-term babies has been conducted. At 30 ± 10 d after delivery, anthropometric measurements and body composition were assessed. A food frequency questionnaire was performed to compute the Italian Mediterranean Index (IMI) score as an index of adherence to the MD. Data related to pregnancy such as pre-pregnancy weight, gestational weight gain and morbidities were also collected. The 147 mothers included were categorised in IMI-1 (IMI score < 5; n 92) and IMI-2 (IMI score ≥ 5; n 55) groups. IMI-2 mothers showed higher daily energy, total carbohydrates, starch and fibre intakes than IMI-1. The dietary habits of IMI-2 mothers reflect the typical characteristics of MD: they consumed higher quantities of proteins and lipids of vegetal origin, higher amounts of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and lower saturated to PUFAs ratio. The IMI-2 group showed lower absolute fat mass and fat mass index compared to IMI-1 [(20⋅2 ± 5⋅9) v. (22⋅9 ± 8⋅4) kg; P 0⋅036 and (7⋅5 ± 2⋅2) v. (8⋅5 ± 3⋅1) kg/m2; P 0⋅036, respectively], whereas body weight [(61⋅1 ± 8⋅0) v. (63⋅3 ± 9⋅2) kg] and body mass index [(22⋅4 ± 2⋅6) v. (23⋅3 ± 3⋅5) kg/m2] were similar. The degree of adherence to the MD during pregnancy and lactation is positively associated with lower maternal fat deposition in the breast-feeding period. The higher quality of dietary lipids, probably in synergy with the assumption of starchy carbohydrates and fibre, could influence maternal body fat.
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15
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Zipris D. Visceral Adipose Tissue: A New Target Organ in Virus-Induced Type 1 Diabetes. Front Immunol 2021; 12:702506. [PMID: 34421908 PMCID: PMC8371384 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.702506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a proinflammatory pathology that leads to the specific destruction of insulin producing β-cells and hyperglycaemia. Much of the knowledge about type 1 diabetes (T1D) has focused on mechanisms of disease progression such as adaptive immune cells and the cytokines that control their function, whereas mechanisms linked with the initiation of the disease remain unknown. It has been hypothesized that in addition to genetics, environmental factors play a pivotal role in triggering β-cell autoimmunity. The BioBreeding Diabetes Resistant (BBDR) and LEW1.WR1 rats have been used to decipher the mechanisms that lead to virus-induced T1D. Both animals develop β-cell inflammation and hyperglycemia upon infection with the parvovirus Kilham Rat Virus (KRV). Our earlier in vitro and in vivo studies indicated that KRV-induced innate immune upregulation early in the disease course plays a causal role in triggering β-cell inflammation and destruction. Furthermore, we recently found for the first time that infection with KRV induces inflammation in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) detectable as early as day 1 post-infection prior to insulitis and hyperglycemia. The proinflammatory response in VAT is associated with macrophage recruitment, proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine upregulation, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and oxidative stress responses, apoptosis, and downregulation of adipokines and molecules that mediate insulin signaling. Downregulation of inflammation suppresses VAT inflammation and T1D development. These observations are strikingly reminiscent of data from obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) in which VAT inflammation is believed to play a causal role in disease mechanisms. We propose that VAT inflammation and dysfunction may be linked with the mechanism of T1D progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny Zipris
- Innate Biotechnologies LLC, Denver, CO, United States
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16
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Ahmad S, Lyngman LK, Mansouryar M, Dhakal R, Agerholm JS, Khanal P, Nielsen MO. Depot and sex-specific implications for adipose tissue expandability and functional traits in adulthood of late prenatal and early postnatal malnutrition in a precocial sheep model. Physiol Rep 2021; 8:e14600. [PMID: 33038074 PMCID: PMC7547587 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim was to investigate long‐term, tissue and sex‐specific impacts of pre and postnatal malnutrition on expandability and functional traits of different adipose tissues. Twin‐pregnant ewes were fed NORM (~requirements), LOW (50% of NORM) or HIGH (150%/110% of energy/protein) diets the last 6 weeks prepartum (term ~147‐days). Lambs received moderate, low‐fat (CONV) or high‐carbohydrate‐high‐fat (HCHF) diets from 3 days until 6 months of age, and thereafter CONV diet. At 2½ years of age (adulthood), histomorphometric and gene expression patterns were characterized in subcutaneous (SUB), perirenal (PER), mesenteric (MES), and epicardial (EPI) adipose tissues. SUB had sex‐specific (♂<♀) upper‐limits for adipocyte size and cell‐number indices, irrespective of early life nutrition. PER mass and contents of adipocytes were highest in females and HIGH♂, whereas adipocyte cross‐sectional area was lowest in LOW♂. Pre/postnatal nutrition affected gene expression sex‐specifically in SUB + PER, but unrelated to morphological changes. In PER, LOW/LOW♂ were specific targets of gene expression changes. EPI was affected by postnatal nutrition, and HCHF sheep had enlarged adipocytes and upregulated expressions for adipogenic and lipogenic genes. Conclusion: upper‐limits for SUB expandability were markedly lower in males. Major targets for prenatal malnutrition were PER and males. LOW♂ had the lowest PER expandability, whereas HIGH♂ had an adaptive advantage due to increased hypertrophic ability equivalent to females. Fixed expandability in SUB meant PER became a determining factor for MES and ectopic fat deposition, rendering LOW♂ particularly predisposed for obesity‐associated metabolic risks. EPI, in contrast to other tissues, was targeted particularly by early postnatal obesity, resulting in adipocyte hypertrophy in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharmila Ahmad
- Nutrition Research Unit, Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
| | - Lise Kirstine Lyngman
- Section of Production, Nutrition and Health, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Morteza Mansouryar
- Section of Production, Nutrition and Health, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Rajan Dhakal
- Section of Production, Nutrition and Health, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Jørgen Steen Agerholm
- Section for Reproduction and Obstetrics, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Taastrup, Denmark
| | - Prabhat Khanal
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Division for Animal science, Production and Welfare, Nord University, Steinkjer, Norway
| | - Mette Olaf Nielsen
- Nutrition Research Unit, Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
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17
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Goddi A, Schroedl L, Brey EM, Cohen RN. Laminins in metabolic tissues. Metabolism 2021; 120:154775. [PMID: 33857525 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2021.154775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Laminins are extracellular matrix proteins that reside in the basement membrane and provide structural support in addition to promoting cellular adhesion and migration. Through interactions with cell surface receptors, laminins stimulate intracellular signaling cascades which direct specific survival and differentiation outcomes. In metabolic tissues such as the pancreas, adipose, muscle, and liver, laminin isoforms are expressed in discrete temporal and spatial patterns suggesting that certain isoforms may support the development and function of particular metabolic cell types. This review focuses on the research to date detailing the expression of laminin isoforms, their potential function, as well as known pathways involved in laminin signaling in metabolic tissues. We will also discuss the current biomedical therapies involving laminins in these tissues in addition to prospective applications, with the goal being to encourage future investigation of laminins in the context of metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Goddi
- Committee on Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, The University of Chicago, 900 East 57th St, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Liesl Schroedl
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, 924 E 57th St, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Eric M Brey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
| | - Ronald N Cohen
- Committee on Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, The University of Chicago, 900 East 57th St, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, The University of Chicago, 5841 South Maryland Ave, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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18
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Joo HK, Lee YR, Lee EO, Kim S, Jin H, Kim S, Lim YP, An CG, Jeon BH. Protective Role of Dietary Capsanthin in a Mouse Model of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. J Med Food 2021; 24:635-644. [PMID: 34161164 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2020.4866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Capsanthin is the main carotenoid compound in red paprika (Capsicum annuum L.). However, little is known about the beneficial effects of capsanthin in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In this study, the hepatoprotective activity of capsanthin was investigated in a mouse model of NAFLD. Apolipoprotein-E knockout mice were fed with normal diet, Western-type diet (WD, NAFLD model), WD with capsanthin (0.5 mg/kg of body weight/day, CAP), WD with capsanthin-rich extract (25 mg/kg of body weight/day; CRE), or WD with red paprika powder (25 mg/kg of body weight/day, RPP) for 12 weeks. The carotenoid content in CRE or RPP was analyzed using ultraperformance liquid chromatography. The capsanthin concentration in CRE was 2067 mg/100 g of dry weight, which was 63% of total carotenoids. The oral administration of CRE or capsanthin significantly reduced the WD-induced increase in body weight and lipid accumulation in the liver (vs. the RPP group). In addition, CRE or capsanthin significantly inhibited the WD-induced increase in cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein levels. Furthermore, CRE or capsanthin showed reduced levels of plasma alanine and aspartate aminotransferase (ALT and AST, respectively), suggesting a steatohepatitis protective effect. Capsanthin regulated mRNA levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (Pparα), carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (Cpt1a), acyl-CoA oxidase 1 (Acox1), and sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (Srebp1c), which are associated with hepatic fatty acid metabolism. Overall, our results suggest that the capsanthin of red paprika plays a protective role against hepatic steatosis/steatohepatitis in NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Kyoung Joo
- Research Institute for Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea.,Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Yu Ran Lee
- Research Institute for Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea.,Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Eun-Ok Lee
- Research Institute for Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea.,Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Sungmin Kim
- Research Institute for Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea.,Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hao Jin
- Research Institute for Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea.,Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Suna Kim
- Division of Food and Nutrition in Human Ecology, College of National Science, Korea National Open University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Pyo Lim
- Molecular Genetics and Genomics Laboratory, Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Chul Geon An
- Gyeongnam Agricultural Research and Extension Services, Jinju, Korea
| | - Byeong Hwa Jeon
- Research Institute for Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea.,Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
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19
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Htun KT, Pan J, Pasanta D, Tungjai M, Udomtanakunchai C, Chancharunee S, Kaewjaeng S, Kim HJ, Kaewkhao J, Kothan S. Identification of Metabolic Phenotypes in Young Adults with Obesity by 1H NMR Metabolomics of Blood Serum. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11060574. [PMID: 34207003 PMCID: PMC8246321 DOI: 10.3390/life11060574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Since the obesity prevalence rate has been consistently increasing, it is necessary to find an effective way to prevent and treat it. Although progress is being made to reduce obesity in the young adult population, a better understanding of obesity-related metabolomics and related biochemical mechanisms is urgently needed for developing appropriate screening strategies. Therefore, the aim of this study is to identify the serum metabolic profile associated with young adult obesity and its metabolic phenotypes. (2) Methods: The serum metabolic profile of 30 obese and 30 normal-weight young adults was obtained using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR). 1H NMR spectra were integrated into 24 integration regions, which reflect relative metabolites, and were used as statistical variables. (3) Results: The obese group showed increased levels of lipids, glucose, glutamate, N-acetyl glycoprotein, alanine, lactate, 3 hydroxybutyrate and branch chain amino acid (BCAA), and decreased levels of choline as compared with the normal-weight group. Non-hyperlipidemia obese adults showed lower levels of lipids and lactate, glutamate, acetoacetate, N-acetyl glycoprotein, isoleucine, and higher levels of choline and glutamine, as compared with hyperlipidemic obese adults. (4) Conclusions: This study reveals valuable findings in the field of metabolomics and young adult obesity. We propose several serum biomarkers that distinguish between normal weight and obese adults, i.e., glutamine (higher in the normal group, p < 0.05), and lactate, BCAAs, acetoacetate and 3-hydroxybutyrate (higher in the obese group, p < 0.05). In addition, visceral fat and serum TG, glutamate, acetoacetate, N-acetyl glycoprotein, unsaturated lipid, isoleucine, and VLDL/LDL are higher (p < 0.05) in the obese with hyperlipidemia. Therefore, they can be used as biomarkers to identify these two types of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khin Thandar Htun
- Center of Radiation Research and Medical Imaging, Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (K.T.H.); (D.P.); (M.T.); (C.U.); (S.K.)
| | - Jie Pan
- Center of Radiation Research and Medical Imaging, Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (K.T.H.); (D.P.); (M.T.); (C.U.); (S.K.)
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistant Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
- Correspondence: (J.P.); (S.K.); Tel.: +86-13583101188 (J.P.); +66-5394-9213 (S.K.)
| | - Duanghathai Pasanta
- Center of Radiation Research and Medical Imaging, Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (K.T.H.); (D.P.); (M.T.); (C.U.); (S.K.)
| | - Montree Tungjai
- Center of Radiation Research and Medical Imaging, Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (K.T.H.); (D.P.); (M.T.); (C.U.); (S.K.)
| | - Chatchanok Udomtanakunchai
- Center of Radiation Research and Medical Imaging, Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (K.T.H.); (D.P.); (M.T.); (C.U.); (S.K.)
| | - Sirirat Chancharunee
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Siriprapa Kaewjaeng
- Center of Radiation Research and Medical Imaging, Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (K.T.H.); (D.P.); (M.T.); (C.U.); (S.K.)
| | - Hong Joo Kim
- Department of Physics, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea;
| | - Jakrapong Kaewkhao
- Center of Excellence in Glass Technology and Materials Science (CEGM), Faculty of Science and Technology, Nakhon Pathom Rajabhat University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand;
| | - Suchart Kothan
- Center of Radiation Research and Medical Imaging, Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (K.T.H.); (D.P.); (M.T.); (C.U.); (S.K.)
- Correspondence: (J.P.); (S.K.); Tel.: +86-13583101188 (J.P.); +66-5394-9213 (S.K.)
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20
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Mastrocola R, Dal Bello F, Cento AS, Gaens K, Collotta D, Aragno M, Medana C, Collino M, Wouters K, Schalkwijk CG. Altered hepatic sphingolipid metabolism in insulin resistant mice: Role of advanced glycation endproducts. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 169:425-435. [PMID: 33905864 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
High plasma levels of the sphingolipid intermediates ceramide (Cer) and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) are suggested to be involved in the development of insulin resistance (IR). Recent evidence indicates that advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) can alter the sphingolipids metabolism equilibrium. Since enzymes responsible for sphingolipid rheostat maintenance are highly expressed in liver, we thus investigated whether AGEs accumulation can affect hepatic sphingolipids metabolism in insulin resistant mice. Two different models of IR were examined: genetically diabetic LeptrDb-/- (DbDb) and diet-induced insulin resistant C57Bl/6J mice fed a 60% trans-fat diet (HFD). In addition, a group of HFD mice was supplemented with the anti-AGEs compound pyridoxamine. AGEs were evaluated in the liver by western blotting. Cer and S1P were measured by UHPLC-MS/MS. The expression of RAGE and of enzymes involved in sphingolipid metabolism were assessed by RT-PCR and western blotting. HepG2 cells were used to study the effect of the major AGE Nε-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML)-albumin on sphingolipid metabolism and the role of the receptor of AGEs (RAGE). High levels of AGEs and RAGE were detected in the liver of both DbDb and HFD mice in comparison to controls. The expression of enzymes of sphingolipid metabolism was altered in both models, accompanied by increased levels of Cer and S1P. Specifically, ceramide synthase 5 and sphingosine kinase 1 were increased, while neutral ceramidase was reduced. Pyridoxamine supplementation to HFD mice diminished hepatic AGEs and prevented alterations of sphingolipid metabolism and the development of IR. CML administration to HepG2 cells evoked alterations similar to those observed in vivo, that were in part mediated by the binding to RAGE. The present study shows a direct involvement of AGEs in alterations of sphingolipid metabolism associated to the development of IR. The modulation of sphingolipids metabolism through the prevention of AGEs accumulation by pyridoxamine may reduce the development of IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Mastrocola
- Dept. of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Italy; Dept. of Internal Medicine, MUMC+, Maastricht, Limburg, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Maastricht (CARIM), the Netherlands.
| | - Federica Dal Bello
- Dept. of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Italy
| | - Alessia S Cento
- Dept. of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Italy
| | - Katrien Gaens
- Dept. of Internal Medicine, MUMC+, Maastricht, Limburg, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Maastricht (CARIM), the Netherlands
| | - Debora Collotta
- Dept. of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Italy
| | - Manuela Aragno
- Dept. of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Italy
| | - Claudio Medana
- Dept. of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Italy
| | - Massimo Collino
- Dept. of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Italy
| | - Kristiaan Wouters
- Dept. of Internal Medicine, MUMC+, Maastricht, Limburg, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Maastricht (CARIM), the Netherlands
| | - Casper G Schalkwijk
- Dept. of Internal Medicine, MUMC+, Maastricht, Limburg, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Maastricht (CARIM), the Netherlands
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21
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Serrano A, Ribot J, Palou A, Bonet ML. Long-term programming of skeletal muscle and liver lipid and energy metabolism by resveratrol supplementation to suckling mice. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 95:108770. [PMID: 34000411 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic programming by dietary chemicals consumed in early life stages is receiving increasing attention. We here studied long-term effects of mild resveratrol (RSV) supplementation during lactation on muscular and hepatic lipid metabolism in adulthood. Newborn male mice received RSV or vehicle from day 2-20 of age, were weaned onto a chow diet on day 21, and were assigned to either a high-fat diet (HFD) or a normal-fat diet on day 90 of age for 10 weeks. RSV-treated mice showed in adulthood protection against HFD-induced triacylglycerol accumulation in skeletal muscle, enhanced muscular capacities for fat oxidation and mitochondria activity, signs of enhanced sirtuin 1 and AMP-dependent protein kinase signaling in muscle, and increased fat oxidation capacities and a decreased capacity for lipogenesis in liver compared with controls. Thus, RSV supplementation in early postnatal life may help preventing later diet-related disorders linked to ectopic lipid accumulation in muscle and liver tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Serrano
- Grup de Recerca Nutrigenòmica i Obesitat, Laboratori de Biologia Molecular, Nutrició i Biotecnologia (LBNB), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Joan Ribot
- Grup de Recerca Nutrigenòmica i Obesitat, Laboratori de Biologia Molecular, Nutrició i Biotecnologia (LBNB), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
| | - Andreu Palou
- Grup de Recerca Nutrigenòmica i Obesitat, Laboratori de Biologia Molecular, Nutrició i Biotecnologia (LBNB), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - M Luisa Bonet
- Grup de Recerca Nutrigenòmica i Obesitat, Laboratori de Biologia Molecular, Nutrició i Biotecnologia (LBNB), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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22
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Sharma G, Prossnitz ER. Targeting the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) in obesity and diabetes. ENDOCRINE AND METABOLIC SCIENCE 2021; 2. [PMID: 35321004 PMCID: PMC8936744 DOI: 10.1016/j.endmts.2021.100080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity has become a global epidemic in the modern world with the numbers of obese individuals having risen at alarming rates in the last decades. Obesity represents a serious medical condition that can lead to multiple complications, such as diabetes, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular disease including hypertension and atherosclerosis, stroke and increases in the risk of many types of cancer. Very few effective options exist to treat obesity, with many removed from the market due to associated complications. Obesity and metabolic syndrome display a sexual dichotomy, with (premenopausal) females displaying protection from weight gain and metabolic dysfunction compared to men. These beneficial effects are generally attributed to a class of female ovarian hormone, estrogens, which exert pleiotropic effects in multiple metabolic tissues, such as adipose, skeletal muscle, liver and pancreas. Multiple receptors mediate the actions of estrogens, including the classical nuclear estrogen receptors (ER α and ER β) and the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER). While the roles of nuclear ERs are more established, evidence of GPER function in metabolic homeostasis is still emerging. In this review, we will discuss the latest advances concerning the contributions of GPER towards obesity and metabolism utilizing GPER-selective pharmacological (agonists or antagonists) or genetic (GPER knock out mice or cells) tools. We present evidence that GPER regulates body weight, fat distribution, inflammation and glucose and lipid homeostasis via effects on metabolic tissues. Selective agonism of GPER by its agonist G-1 can alleviate symptoms of obesity and metabolic dysfunction in multiple murine models, thereby limiting weight gain, reducing insulin resistance and inflammation and improving glucose and lipid homeostasis in vivo. Thus, GPER represents a novel therapeutic target, with G-1 a first-in-class therapeutic agent, to treat obesity and its associated comorbidities, including diabetes.
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23
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Pikó P, Pál L, Szűcs S, Kósa Z, Sándor J, Ádány R. Obesity-Related Changes in Human Plasma Lipidome Determined by the Lipidyzer Platform. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11020326. [PMID: 33669967 PMCID: PMC7924880 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is an increasing public health concern both in the developed and developing countries. Previous studies have demonstrated that considerable alterations in lipid metabolism and consequently marked changes in lipid profile are associated with the onset and progression of obesity-related complications. To characterize the full spectrum of obesity-induced changes in lipid metabolism, direct infusion tandem mass spectrometry analysis is the most promising approach. To better understand which of the many lipid species are the most strongly associated with obesity, the aim of our work was to measure and profile plasma lipids in normal (n = 57), overweight (n = 31), and obese (n = 48) individuals randomly selected from samples of Hungarian general and Roma populations by using the targeted quantitative lipidomics platform, the Lipidyzer. Principal component and stepwise regression analyses were used to identify the most significant clusters and species of lipids by increasing body mass index (BMI). From the 18 clusters identified four key lipid species (PE P-16:0/20:3, TG 20:4_33:1, TG 22:6_36:4, TG 18:3_33:0) showed a strong significant positive and three others (Hex-Cer 18:1;O2/22:0, LPC 18:2, PC 18:1_18:1) significant negative association with BMI. Compared to individual lipid species alone, the lipid species ratio (LSR) we introduced showed an extremely strong, at least 9 orders of magnitude stronger, association with BMI. The LSR can be used as a sensitive and predictive indicator to monitor obesity-related alterations in human plasma and control the effectiveness of treatment of obesity associated non-communicable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Péter Pikó
- MTA-DE Public Health Research Group, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - László Pál
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (L.P.); (S.S.); (J.S.)
| | - Sándor Szűcs
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (L.P.); (S.S.); (J.S.)
| | - Zsigmond Kósa
- Department of Health Methodology and Public Health, Faculty of Health, University of Debrecen, 4400 Nyíregyháza, Hungary;
| | - János Sándor
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (L.P.); (S.S.); (J.S.)
| | - Róza Ádány
- MTA-DE Public Health Research Group, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (L.P.); (S.S.); (J.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-52-512-765 (ext. 77408)
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Silva AAGDO, Araujo LFD, Diniz MDFHS, Lotufo PA, Bensenor IM, Barreto SM, Giatti L. Neck Circumference and 10-Year Cardiovascular Risk at the Baseline of the ELSA-Brasil Study: Difference by Sex. Arq Bras Cardiol 2020; 115:840-848. [PMID: 33295446 PMCID: PMC8452203 DOI: 10.36660/abc.20190289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Fundamento: A circunferência do pescoço (CP) é uma medida indireta do tecido adiposo subcutâneo da parte superior do corpo, apontada como um preditor independente de doenças cardiometabólicas. Objetivos: Verificar a associação entre a CP e o risco cardiovascular em 10 anos (risco de doença cardiovascular [DCV] em 10 anos) em homens e mulheres separadamente. Métodos: Análise seccional com inclusão de 13.920 participantes da linha de base do Estudo Longitudinal da Saúde do Adulto (ELSA-Brasil). A associação entre a CP (utilizada como variável contínua e agregada em quartis) e o risco de DCV em 10 anos, estimado pelo Framingham Global Risk Score (FGRS), foi investigada por meio de modelos lineares generalizados após ajustes por características sociodemográficas, comportamentos em saúde, índice de massa corporal e circunferência da cintura. O nível de significância estatístico adotado foi de 5%. Resultados: A média da CP foi de 39,5 cm (desvio-padrão [DP] de ± 3,6) nos homens e 34,0 cm (DP de ±2,9) nas mulheres. Após ajustes, o aumento de 1 cm na CP foi associado ao incremento de 3% (IC 95%: 1,02 a 1,03) e 5% (IC 95%: 1,04 a 1,06) na média aritmética do risco de DCV em homens e mulheres, respectivamente. No último quartil da CP, homens e mulheres apresentaram um incremento de 18% (IC 95%: 1,13 a 1,24) e 35% (IC 95%: 1,28 a 1,43), respectivamente, na média aritmética do risco de DCV após ajustes. Conclusões: Verificamos associação positiva e independente entre a CP e o risco de DCV em 10 anos. Resultados sugerem que a CP pode contribuir para a predição de risco cardiovascular além daquele observado pelas medidas antropométricas clássicas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Luana Giatti
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG - Brasil
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25
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Jaca A, Iwu C, Durão S, Onyango AW, Wiysonge CS. Understanding the underlying drivers of obesity in Africa: a scoping review protocol. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e040940. [PMID: 33177144 PMCID: PMC7661354 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-040940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The worldwide prevalence of obesity and overweight has doubled since 1980, such that approximately a third of the world's population is reported as obese or overweight. Obesity rates have increased in all ages and both sexes irrespective of geographical area, ethnicity or socioeconomic status. Due to the high prevalence, related health consequences and costs of childhood and adult obesity, there is a need to comprehensively identify and assess the major underlying drivers of obesity and overweight in the African context. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This scoping review will be carried out as per the methodological outline by Arksey and O'Malley. The search strategy will be developed and search performed in the Scopus and PubMed electronic databases. In the first search, we will identify concepts that are used as an equivalent to obesity and overweight. Subsequently, we will search for studies comprising of search terms on the underlying factors that drive the development of obesity and overweight. Lastly, we will check reference lists for additional publications. Abstracts and full-text studies will independently be screened by two authors. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The proposed study will generate evidence from published data and hence does not require ethics approval. Evidence generated from this review will be disseminated through journal publications and conference presentations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anelisa Jaca
- Cochrane South Africa, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Chinwe Iwu
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Solange Durão
- Cochrane South Africa, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Adelheid W Onyango
- Department of Nutrition for Health and Development, World Health Organization, Brazzaville, Congo
| | - Charles Shey Wiysonge
- Cochrane South Africa, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa
- School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Global Health, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
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26
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Liu Y, Wang J, Zhou X, Cao H, Zhang X, Huang K, Li X, Yang G, Shi X. miR-324-5p Inhibits C2C12 cell Differentiation and Promotes Intramuscular Lipid Deposition through lncDUM and PM20D1. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2020; 22:722-732. [PMID: 33230469 PMCID: PMC7593507 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2020.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is an important metabolic organ of the body, and impaired skeletal muscle differentiation can result in a wide range of metabolic diseases. It has been shown that microRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in skeletal muscle differentiation. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of mmu-miR-324-5p in the differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts and lipid droplet deposition in myotubes for future targeted therapies. We found that mmu-miR-324-5p was highly expressed in mouse skeletal muscle. Overexpression of miR-324-5p significantly inhibited C2C12 myoblast differentiation while promoting oleate-induced lipid accumulation and β-oxidation in C2C12 myoblasts. Conversely, inhibition of mmu-miR-324-5p promoted C2C12 myoblast differentiation and inhibited lipid deposition in myotubes. Mechanistically, mmu-miR-324-5p negatively regulated the expression of long non-coding Dum (lncDum) and peptidase M20 domain containing 1 (Pm20d1) in C2C12 myoblasts. Reduced lncDum expression was associated with a significant decrease in the expression of myogenesis-related genes. Knockdown of mmu-miR-324-5p increased the levels of lncDum and myogenesis-related gene expression. Following oleate-induced lipid deposition in C2C12 myoblasts, overexpression of mmu-miR-324-5p decreased the expression of Pm20d1 while increasing the expression of mitochondrial β-oxidation and long-chain fatty acid synthesis-related genes. In conclusion, we provide evidence that miR-324-5p inhibits C2C12 myoblast differentiation and promotes intramuscular lipid deposition by targeting lncDum and Pm20d1, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition and Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition and Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaomin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition and Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haigang Cao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition and Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition and Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kuilong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition and Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition and Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Gongshe Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition and Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xin'e Shi
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition and Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
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Atri A, Jiwanmall SA, Nandyal MB, Kattula D, Paravathareddy S, Paul TV, Thomas N, Kapoor N. The Prevalence and Predictors of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Morbidly Obese Women - A Cross-sectional Study from Southern India. EUROPEAN ENDOCRINOLOGY 2020; 16:152-155. [PMID: 33117448 PMCID: PMC7572172 DOI: 10.17925/ee.2020.16.2.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of obesity is increasing rapidly in India and so are its associated comorbidities. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome, is commonly associated with obesity. However, limited data are available on its prevalence and clinical indicators among morbidly obese Indian women. The aim of our study was to find the prevalence of NAFLD in morbidly obese Indian women and study the clinically measurable obesity indicators that would best predict NAFLD. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study, conducted in the Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Christian Medical College, Vellore. Women were enrolled who were diagnosed to have NAFLD on sonography. Anthropometric variables, such as body mass index, waist circumference, hip circumference, waist-hip ratio and waist-height ratio were measured and compared between the two groups. SPSS Statistics 21.0 software was used for analysing the data. RESULTS One hundred and six consecutive, morbidly obese women were recruited in this study. Nearly three-quarters (73.6%) of the 106 morbidly obese participants were found to have NAFLD. We found waist circumference, body mass index and waist-height ratio to be most useful in distinguishing between patients with and without NAFLD, and found waist-height ratio was the best screening tool for diagnosing NAFLD. CONCLUSION NAFLD is present in a large proportion of morbidly obese women. Waist-height ratio could be used a surrogate screening tool to detect NAFLD in resource-constrained settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avica Atri
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Stephen A Jiwanmall
- Department of Psychiatry, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Munaf B Nandyal
- Department of Psychiatry, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Dheeraj Kattula
- Department of Psychiatry, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sandhiya Paravathareddy
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Thomas V Paul
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nihal Thomas
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nitin Kapoor
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
- Noncommunicable Disease Unit, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Mxinwa V, Dludla PV, Nyambuya TM, Mokgalaboni K, Mazibuko-Mbeje SE, Nkambule BB. Natural killer cell levels in adults living with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical studies. BMC Immunol 2020; 21:51. [PMID: 32907543 PMCID: PMC7487809 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-020-00378-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic immune activation and hyperglycaemia are a hallmark of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) while natural killer (NK) cells are involved in the pathogenesis of T2D. Dysregulated NK cell responses are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease in patients living with T2D. OBJECTIVE To provide a comprehensive and systematic evidence-based estimate on the levels of NK cells in patients living with T2D. RESULTS This systematic review and meta-analysis included 13 studies reporting on 491 adult patients with T2D and 1064 nondiabetic controls. The pooled effect estimates showed increased levels of NK cells in adult patients with T2D compared to controls (MD: 0.03 [- 3.20, 3.26], I2 = 97%, p < 0.00001). CONCLUSION Overall, the evidence presented in this systematic review shows that the changes in NK cells in patients living with T2D are still unclear and further studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vuyolwethu Mxinwa
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences (SLMMS), College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban, 4000 South Africa
| | - Phiwayinkosi V. Dludla
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Tawanda M. Nyambuya
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences (SLMMS), College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban, 4000 South Africa
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, Namibia University of Science and Technology, Windhoek, 9000 Namibia
| | - Kabelo Mokgalaboni
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences (SLMMS), College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban, 4000 South Africa
| | - Sithandiwe E. Mazibuko-Mbeje
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mmabatho, South Africa
| | - Bongani B. Nkambule
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences (SLMMS), College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban, 4000 South Africa
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29
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Ezeh U, Arzumanyan Z, Lizneva D, Mathur R, Chen YH, Boston RC, Chen YDI, Azziz R. Alterations in plasma non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) kinetics and relationship with insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome. Hum Reprod 2020; 34:335-344. [PMID: 30576500 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dey356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Are non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) kinetics altered in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)? SUMMARY ANSWER Women with PCOS, particularly obese subjects, have dysregulated plasma NEFA kinetics in response to changes in plasma insulin and glucose levels, which are associated with insulin resistance (IR) independently of the fasting plasma NEFA levels. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Elevated plasma NEFA levels are associated with IR in many disorders, although the homeostasis of NEFA kinetics and its relationship to IR in women with PCOS is unknown. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION We prospectively compared insulin sensitivity and NEFA kinetics in 29 PCOS and 29 healthy controls women matched for BMI. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS This study was conducted in a tertiary institution. Plasma NEFA, glucose and insulin levels were assessed during a modified frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test (mFSIVGTT). Minimal models were used to assess insulin sensitivity (Si) and NEFA kinetics (i.e. model-derived initial plasma NEFA level [NEFA0], phi constant [Φ], reflecting glucose-mediated inhibition of lipolysis and measures of maximum rate of lipolysis [SFFA] and NEFA uptake from plasma [KFFA]). MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE The study provides new evidence that women with PCOS have defective NEFA kinetics characterized by: (i) lower basal plasma NEFA levels, measured directly and modeled (NEFA0), and (ii) a greater glucose-mediated inhibition of lipolysis in the remote or interstitial space (reflected by a lower affinity constant [Φ]). There were no differences, however, in the maximal rates of adipose tissue lipolysis (SFFA) and the rate at which NEFA leaves the plasma pool (KFFA). The differences observed in NEFA kinetics were exacerbated, and almost exclusively observed, in the obese PCOS subjects. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Our study did not study NEFA subtypes. It was also cross-sectional and based on women affected by PCOS as defined by the 1990 National Institutes of Health (NIH) criteria (i.e. Phenotypes A and B) and identified in the clinical setting. Consequently, extrapolation of the present data to other phenotypes of PCOS should be made with caution. Furthermore, our data is exploratory and therefore requires validation with a larger sample size. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Dysfunction in NEFA kinetics may be a marker of metabolic dysfunction in nondiabetic obese women with PCOS and may be more important than simply assessing circulating NEFA levels at a single point in time for understanding the mechanism(s) underlying the IR of PCOS. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This work was supported by NIH grants R01-DK073632 and R01-HD29364 to R.A.; a Career Development Award from MD Medical Group, Moscow, RF, to D.L. and Augusta University funds to Y.-H.C. RA serves as consultant to Ansh Labs, Medtronics, Spruce Biosciences and Latitude Capital. U.E., Z.A., D.L., R.M., Y.-H.C., R.C.B. and Y.D.I.C. have no competing interests to declare. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER Not applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uche Ezeh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford Health Care-ValleyCare Hospital, 5555 W. Las Positas Blvd, Pleasanton, CA, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Androgen-Related Disorders, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Zorayr Arzumanyan
- Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Daria Lizneva
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Ruchi Mathur
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Androgen-Related Disorders, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yen-Hao Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Androgen-Related Disorders, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Raymond C Boston
- New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA, USA
| | - Y-D Ida Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA.,Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ricardo Azziz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Androgen-Related Disorders, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.,Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA.,Department of Health Policy, Management & Behavior, School of Public Health, University at Albany, SUNY, Albany, NY, USA
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Norden PR, Kume T. The Role of Lymphatic Vascular Function in Metabolic Disorders. Front Physiol 2020; 11:404. [PMID: 32477160 PMCID: PMC7232548 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to its roles in the maintenance of interstitial fluid homeostasis and immunosurveillance, the lymphatic system has a critical role in regulating transport of dietary lipids to the blood circulation. Recent work within the past two decades has identified an important relationship between lymphatic dysfunction and patients with metabolic disorders, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes, in part characterized by abnormal lipid metabolism and transport. Utilization of several genetic mouse models, as well as non-genetic models of diet-induced obesity and metabolic syndrome, has demonstrated that abnormal lymphangiogenesis and poor collecting vessel function, characterized by impaired contractile ability and perturbed barrier integrity, underlie lymphatic dysfunction relating to obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. Despite the progress made by these models, the contribution of the lymphatic system to metabolic disorders remains understudied and new insights into molecular signaling mechanisms involved are continuously developing. Here, we review the current knowledge related to molecular mechanisms resulting in impaired lymphatic function within the context of obesity and diabetes. We discuss the role of inflammation, transcription factor signaling, vascular endothelial growth factor-mediated signaling, and nitric oxide signaling contributing to impaired lymphangiogenesis and perturbed lymphatic endothelial cell barrier integrity, valve function, and contractile ability in collecting vessels as well as their viability as therapeutic targets to correct lymphatic dysfunction and improve metabolic syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter R. Norden
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Tsutomu Kume
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
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31
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Yang X, Zhao Y, Sun Q, Yang Y, Gao Y, Ge W, Liu J, Xu X, Zhang J. Adenosine accumulation causes metabolic disorders in testes and associates with lower testosterone level in obese mice. Mol Reprod Dev 2020; 87:241-250. [PMID: 32026564 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Overweight and obese men face numerous health problems, including type 2 diabetes, subfertility, and even infertility. However, few studies have focused on the effects of nutritional status and obesity-related regulatory signals on fertility deficiency. Our previous observations have shown that the elevation of plasma 5'-adenosine monophosphate (5'-AMP) and the accumulation of adenosine in liver and muscle of obese diabetic db/db mice are related to insulin resistance. Here, we found that adenosine accumulation in testis is a common marker of both genetic obesity and high-fat-diet induced obese mice. An messenger RNA sequencing analysis indicated that 78 upregulated genes and 155 downregulated genes in the testis of 5'-AMP-treated mice overlapped with the same genes in the testis of ob/ob mice, and these genes belonged to the clusters of steroid metabolic process and regulation of hormone levels, respectively. Serum testosterone was reduced in ob/ob and 5'-AMP-treated mice. Metabolomic analysis based on 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance showed that the testicular metabolic profiles of ob/ob mice were similar to those of 5'-AMP treated mice. Exogenous 5'-AMP inhibited the phosphorylation of AKT and mammalian target of rapamycin signal transduction and reduced the proliferating cell nuclear antigen expressions in testes. Our results suggest that the accumulation of adenosine causes metabolic disorders in testes and associates lower testosterone level in obese mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Yang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Qi Sun
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Yunxia Yang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenhao Ge
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Junhao Liu
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Xi Xu
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianfa Zhang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
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32
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Daemen S, Schilling JD. The Interplay Between Tissue Niche and Macrophage Cellular Metabolism in Obesity. Front Immunol 2020; 10:3133. [PMID: 32038642 PMCID: PMC6987434 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.03133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with the development of metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. The presence of chronic, low-grade inflammation appears to be an important mechanistic link between excess nutrients and clinical disease. The onset of these metabolic disorders coincides with changes in the number and phenotype of macrophages in peripheral organs, particularly in the liver and adipose tissue. Macrophage accumulation in these tissues has been implicated in tissue inflammation and fibrosis, contributing to metabolic disease progression. Recently, the concept has emerged that changes in macrophage metabolism affects their functional phenotype, possibly triggered by distinct environmental metabolic cues. This may be of particular importance in the setting of obesity, where both liver and adipose tissue are faced with a high metabolic burden. In the first part of this review we will discuss current knowledge regarding macrophage dynamics in both adipose tissue and liver in obesity. Then in the second part, we will highlight data linking macrophage metabolism to functional phenotype with an emphasis on macrophage activation in metabolic disease. The importance of understanding how tissue niche influences macrophage function in obesity will be highlighted. In addition, we will identify important knowledge gaps and outstanding questions that are relevant for future research in this area and will facilitate the identification of novel targets for therapeutic intervention in associated metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Daemen
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Joel D Schilling
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States.,Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
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Yoon J, Um HN, Jang J, Bae YA, Park WJ, Kim HJ, Yoon MS, Chung IY, Jung Y. Eosinophil Activation by Toll-Like Receptor 4 Ligands Regulates Macrophage Polarization. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:329. [PMID: 31921842 PMCID: PMC6933835 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils are terminally differentiated granulocytes that have long been considered as destructive cells associated with Th2 type immune responses such as allergic inflammation and helminth infections. Recently, eosinophils have been actively studied as multifunctional leukocytes regulating an array of physiological responses through interaction with other immune cells. In this study, we examined the expression and function of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in eosinophilic EoL-1 cells and demonstrated the expression of a number of immune mediators in activated EoL-1 cells and their interaction with the macrophage cell line THP-1 upon TLR4 ligand stimulation. EoL-1 cells differentiated with butyrate increased expression of TLR3, TLR4, and TLR7 at mRNA and protein level with flow cytometry analysis. Mature eosinophils derived from human cord blood CD34+ cells were subjected to RNA-sequencing, and showed the expression of a panel of TLR transcripts and TLR4 was the most highly expressed TLR. Among the cognate ligands of TLR3, TLR4, and TLR7, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or palmitic acid significantly increased mRNA expression of immune mediators in differentiated EoL-1 cells. Notably, Western blot analysis of palmitic acid-treated differentiated EoL-1 cells showed significantly up-regulated expression of Th2 type cytokines and transcription factors driving eosinophil differentiation. To evaluate functional significance of TLR4 ligand-stimulated eosinophils, we added conditioned media (CM) from EoL-1 cells to differentiated THP-1 cells and assessed the expression of M1 macrophage or M2 macrophage-related markers. M1 and M2 macrophage markers were significantly upregulated by CM from LPS and palmitic acid stimulated EoL-1 cells, respectively. In addition, the adipose tissue of obese mice, where eosinophils are decreased due to obesity-induced inflammation, showed significantly decreased frequency of M2 macrophages, despite an increase in the total macrophage numbers. Based on these collective data, we proposed that eosinophils regulate both inflammatory and anti-inflammatory polarization of macrophages through functional changes induced by different TLR4 ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyoung Yoon
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Han-Na Um
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Jinsun Jang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea.,Department of Dermatology, Gachon Gil Medical Center, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Young-An Bae
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Woo-Jae Park
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea.,Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Hee Joo Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Gachon Gil Medical Center, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Mee-Sup Yoon
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea.,Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Il Yup Chung
- Department of Bionano Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, South Korea
| | - YunJae Jung
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea
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34
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Studies on characteristics and anti-diabetic and -nephritic effects of polysaccharides isolated from Paecilomyces hepiali fermentation mycelium in db/db mice. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 232:115766. [PMID: 31952583 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus plagues many people in China and the world, and its nephritis complication is the leading cause of death for patients. Paecilomyces hepiali contained various functional components, especially polysaccharides, which possesses well pharmacological activities. In this study, polysaccharide purified from Paecilomyces hepiali fermented mycelium entitled PHEA was obtained, and its structure was systemically characterized using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). In C57BL/KsJ (BKS).Cg-Dock7m +/+ Leprdb/JNju mice (db/db mice), via detecting the alternations on biochemical criterions, pathological indicators and protein expressions related to nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling in serum and/or tissues including muscle, liver and kidney after 8-week PHEA administration, the hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, and anti-diabetic nephropathic activities of PHEA were confirmed. The purified P. Hepiali polysaccharide with the anti-diabetic and -nephritic properties was first reported in this study via regulating Nrf2-meadited NF-κB signaling in db/db mice.
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35
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The Short-Chain Fatty Acid Acetate in Body Weight Control and Insulin Sensitivity. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11081943. [PMID: 31426593 PMCID: PMC6723943 DOI: 10.3390/nu11081943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 304] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The interplay of gut microbiota, host metabolism, and metabolic health has gained increased attention. Gut microbiota may play a regulatory role in gastrointestinal health, substrate metabolism, and peripheral tissues including adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, liver, and pancreas via its metabolites short-chain fatty acids (SCFA). Animal and human data demonstrated that, in particular, acetate beneficially affects host energy and substrate metabolism via secretion of the gut hormones like glucagon-like peptide-1 and peptide YY, which, thereby, affects appetite, via a reduction in whole-body lipolysis, systemic pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, and via an increase in energy expenditure and fat oxidation. Thus, potential therapies to increase gut microbial fermentation and acetate production have been under vigorous scientific scrutiny. In this review, the relevance of the colonically and systemically most abundant SCFA acetate and its effects on the previously mentioned tissues will be discussed in relation to body weight control and glucose homeostasis. We discuss in detail the differential effects of oral acetate administration (vinegar intake), colonic acetate infusions, acetogenic fiber, and acetogenic probiotic administrations as approaches to combat obesity and comorbidities. Notably, human data are scarce, which highlights the necessity for further human research to investigate acetate’s role in host physiology, metabolic, and cardiovascular health.
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36
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Early life exposure of a biocide, CMIT/MIT causes metabolic toxicity via the O-GlcNAc transferase pathway in the nematode C. elegans. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 376:1-8. [PMID: 31100289 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Unusual cases of fatal lung injury, later determined to be a result of exposure to chemicals used as humidifier disinfectants, were reported among Korean children from 2006 to 2011. This resulted in considerable study of the pulmonary toxicity of humidifier disinfectant chemicals to establish the causal relationship between exposure and lung disease. However, the systemic toxicity of the former and health effects other than lung disease are not fully understood. Here, we investigated the effect of 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazoline-3-one and 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (CMIT/MIT), among the humidifier disinfectants used in the accidents, on the development of metabolic toxicity in the model organism, Caenorhabditis elegans using an exposure scenario comparison. We screened the potential of CMIT/MIT to induce metabolic toxicity using C. elegans oga-1(ok1207) and ogt-1(ok1474) mutants. We also performed a pathway analysis based on C. elegans transcription factor RNAi library screening to identify the underlying toxicity mechanisms. Finally, to understand the critical window of exposure for metabolic toxicity, responses to exposure during different periods in the life cycles of the worms were compared. We determined that CMIT/MIT could induce metabolic toxicity through O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase and early life seems to be the critical window for exposure for metabolic toxicity for this substance. The O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase pathway is conserved from worms to humans; our results thus insinuate that early-life exposure to CMIT/MIT could cause metabolic health problems during adult life in humans. We therefore suggest that a systemic toxicity approach should be considered to comprehensively understand the adverse health effects of humidifier disinfectant misuse.
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37
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Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor Gamma Controls Mature Brown Adipocyte Inducibility through Glycerol Kinase. Cell Rep 2019; 22:760-773. [PMID: 29346772 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.12.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) have been suggested as the master regulators of adipose tissue formation. However, their role in regulating brown fat functionality has not been resolved. To address this question, we generated mice with inducible brown fat-specific deletions of PPARα, β/δ, and γ, respectively. We found that both PPARα and β/δδ are dispensable for brown fat function. In contrast, we could show that ablation of PPARγ in vitro and in vivo led to a reduced thermogenic capacity accompanied by a loss of inducibility by β-adrenergic signaling, as well as a shift from oxidative fatty acid metabolism to glucose utilization. We identified glycerol kinase (Gyk) as a partial mediator of PPARγ function and could show that Gyk expression correlates with brown fat thermogenic capacity in human brown fat biopsies. Thus, Gyk might constitute the link between PPARγ-mediated regulation of brown fat function and activation by β-adrenergic signaling.
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38
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Villanueva JE, Livelo C, Trujillo AS, Chandran S, Woodworth B, Andrade L, Le HD, Manor U, Panda S, Melkani GC. Time-restricted feeding restores muscle function in Drosophila models of obesity and circadian-rhythm disruption. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2700. [PMID: 31221967 PMCID: PMC6586848 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10563-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathological obesity can result from genetic predisposition, obesogenic diet, and circadian rhythm disruption. Obesity compromises function of muscle, which accounts for a majority of body mass. Behavioral intervention that can counteract obesity arising from genetic, diet or circadian disruption and can improve muscle function holds untapped potential to combat the obesity epidemic. Here we show that Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) subject to obesogenic challenges exhibits metabolic disease phenotypes in skeletal muscle; sarcomere disorganization, mitochondrial deformation, upregulation of Phospho-AKT level, aberrant intramuscular lipid infiltration, and insulin resistance. Imposing time-restricted feeding (TRF) paradigm in which flies were fed for 12 h during the day counteracts obesity-induced dysmetabolism and improves muscle performance by suppressing intramuscular fat deposits, Phospho-AKT level, mitochondrial aberrations, and markers of insulin resistance. Importantly, TRF was effective even in an irregular lighting schedule mimicking shiftwork. Hence, TRF is an effective dietary intervention for combating metabolic dysfunction arising from multiple causes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús E Villanueva
- Department of Biology, Molecular Biology Institute and Heart Institute, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA
| | - Christopher Livelo
- Department of Biology, Molecular Biology Institute and Heart Institute, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA
| | - Adriana S Trujillo
- Department of Biology, Molecular Biology Institute and Heart Institute, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA
| | - Sahaana Chandran
- Department of Biology, Molecular Biology Institute and Heart Institute, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA
| | - Brendon Woodworth
- Department of Biology, Molecular Biology Institute and Heart Institute, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA
| | - Leo Andrade
- Waitt Advanced Biophotonics Center, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Hiep D Le
- Regulatory Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Uri Manor
- Waitt Advanced Biophotonics Center, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Satchidananda Panda
- Regulatory Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Girish C Melkani
- Department of Biology, Molecular Biology Institute and Heart Institute, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA.
- Regulatory Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
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39
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Jakubczyk A, Szymanowska U, Karaś M, Złotek U, Kowalczyk D. Potential anti-inflammatory and lipase inhibitory peptides generated by in vitro gastrointestinal hydrolysis of heat treated millet grains. CYTA - JOURNAL OF FOOD 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/19476337.2019.1580317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Jakubczyk
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Urszula Szymanowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Monika Karaś
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Urszula Złotek
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Dariusz Kowalczyk
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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40
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Chacińska M, Zabielski P, Książek M, Szałaj P, Jarząbek K, Kojta I, Chabowski A, Błachnio-Zabielska AU. The Impact of OMEGA-3 Fatty Acids Supplementation on Insulin Resistance and Content of Adipocytokines and Biologically Active Lipids in Adipose Tissue of High-Fat Diet Fed Rats. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11040835. [PMID: 31013835 PMCID: PMC6520951 DOI: 10.3390/nu11040835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been established that OMEGA-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) may improve lipid and glucose homeostasis and prevent the "low-grade" state of inflammation in animals. Little is known about the effect of PUFAs on adipocytokines expression and biologically active lipids accumulation under the influence of high-fat diet-induced obesity. The aim of the study was to examine the effect of fish oil supplementation on adipocytokines expression and ceramide (Cer) and diacylglycerols (DAG) content in visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue of high-fat fed animals. The experiments were carried out on Wistar rats divided into three groups: standard diet-control (SD), high-fat diet (HFD), and high-fat diet + fish oil (HFD+FO). The fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations were examined. Expression of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1) protein was determined using the Western blot method. Plasma adipocytokines concentration was measured using ELISA kits and mRNA expression was determined by qRT-PCR reaction. Cer, DAG, and acyl-carnitine (A-CAR) content was analyzed by UHPLC/MS/MS. The fish oil supplementation significantly decreased plasma insulin concentration and Homeostatic Model Assesment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) index and reduced content of adipose tissue biologically active lipids in comparison with HFD-fed subjects. The expression of CPT1 protein in HFD+FO in both adipose tissues was elevated, whereas the content of A-CAR was lower in both HFD groups. There was an increase of adiponectin concentration and expression in HFD+FO as compared to HFD group. OMEGA-3 fatty acids supplementation improved insulin sensitivity and decreased content of Cer and DAG in both fat depots. Our results also demonstrate that PUFAs may prevent the development of insulin resistance in response to high-fat feeding and may regulate the expression and secretion of adipocytokines in this animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Chacińska
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2c, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland.
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2c, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Piotr Zabielski
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2c, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Monika Książek
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2c, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Przemysław Szałaj
- Centre for Bioinformatics and Data Analysis, Medical University of Bialystok, Jana Kilińskiego 1, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland.
- BioStat, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Stefana Banacha 2C, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Jarząbek
- Department of Reproduction and Gynaecological Endocrinology, Medical University of Bialystok, M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Iwona Kojta
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2c, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Adrian Chabowski
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2c, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Urszula Błachnio-Zabielska
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2c, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland.
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2c, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to study the correlation between neck circumference (NC) and anthropometric adiposity indicators, and to determine cut-off points of NC for both sexes to identify elevated central adiposity in schoolchildren in western Mexico. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Rural settings in western México.ParticipantsChildren from a convenience sample of six schools in Acatlán, Jalisco, Mexico (n 1802). RESULTS NC showed a strong positive correlation with all anthropometric adiposity indicators in both sexes, which were notably higher in boys regardless of age. Noteworthy, waist circumference displayed the highest significant correlation when analysed by both age and sex. As age increased, NC cut-off points to identify elevated central adiposity ranged from 25·7 to 30·1 cm for girls and from 27·5 to 31·7 cm for boys. CONCLUSIONS NC could be used as a simple, inexpensive and non-invasive indicator for central obesity assessment in Mexican schoolchildren.
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Adipose tissue macrophages do not affect atherosclerosis development in mice. Atherosclerosis 2019; 281:31-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Grzybek M, Palladini A, Alexaki VI, Surma MA, Simons K, Chavakis T, Klose C, Coskun Ü. Comprehensive and quantitative analysis of white and brown adipose tissue by shotgun lipidomics. Mol Metab 2019; 22:12-20. [PMID: 30777728 PMCID: PMC6437637 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2019.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Shotgun lipidomics enables an extensive analysis of lipids from tissues and fluids. Each specimen requires appropriate extraction and processing procedures to ensure good coverage and reproducible quantification of the lipidome. Adipose tissue (AT) has become a research focus with regard to its involvement in obesity-related pathologies. However, the quantification of the AT lipidome is particularly challenging due to the predominance of triacylglycerides, which elicit high ion suppression of the remaining lipid classes. Methods We present a new and validated method for shotgun lipidomics of AT, which tailors the lipid extraction procedure to the target specimen and features high reproducibility with a linear dynamic range of at least 4 orders of magnitude for all lipid classes. Results Utilizing this method, we observed tissue-specific and diet-related differences in three AT types (brown, gonadal, inguinal subcutaneous) from lean and obese mice. Brown AT exhibited a distinct lipidomic profile with the greatest lipid class diversity and responded to high-fat diet by altering its lipid composition, which shifted towards that of white AT. Moreover, diet-induced obesity promoted an overall remodeling of the lipidome, where all three AT types featured a significant increase in longer and more unsaturated triacylglyceride and phospholipid species. Conclusions The here presented method facilitates reproducible systematic lipidomic profiling of AT and could be integrated with further –omics approaches used in (pre-) clinical research, in order to advance the understanding of the molecular metabolic dynamics involved in the pathogenesis of obesity-associated disorders. Validated shotgun lipidomics method of AT covering 300 lipids of 20 classes and linear dynamic range of 4 orders of magnitude. Increase of longer and more unsaturated triacylglycerides and phospholipids in brown and white AT under high-fat diet. Differences in the lipidomes of gonadal, subcutaneous and brown AT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Grzybek
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Zentrum Munich at the University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Alessandra Palladini
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Zentrum Munich at the University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Vasileia I Alexaki
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | | | - Triantafyllos Chavakis
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Zentrum Munich at the University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany; Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Ünal Coskun
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Zentrum Munich at the University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany.
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The effect of N-stearoylethanolamine on adipocytes free cholesterol content and phospholipid composition in rats with obesity-induced insulin resistance. UKRAINIAN BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 2018. [DOI: 10.15407/ubj90.05.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Sodium acetate and androgen receptor blockade improve gestational androgen excess-induced deteriorated glucose homeostasis and antioxidant defenses in rats: roles of adenosine deaminase and xanthine oxidase activities. J Nutr Biochem 2018; 62:65-75. [PMID: 30267975 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Nutritional challenges and androgen excess have been implicated in the development of gestational diabetes and poor fetal outcome, but the mechanisms are not well delineated. The effects of short chain fatty acid (SCFA) on glucose dysmetabolism and poor fetal outcome induced by gestational androgen excess is also not known. We tested the hypothesis that blockade of androgen receptor (AR) and suppression of late gestational androgen excess prevents glucose dysmetabolism and poor fetal outcome through suppression of adenosine deaminase (ADA)/xanthine oxidase (XO) pathway. Twenty-four pregnant Wistar rats were treated (sc) with olive oil, testosterone propionate (0.5 mg/kg) singly or in combination with SCFA (sodium acetate; 200 mg/kg; p.o.) or AR blocker (flutamide; 7.5 mg/kg; p.o.) between gestational days 14 and 19. The results showed that late gestational androgen excess led to glucose deregulation, poor fetal outcome, increased plasma and hepatic free fatty acid and lactate dehydrogenase, liver function marker enzymes, malondialdehyde, uric acid, ADA and XO activities. Conversely, gestational androgen excess resulted in reduced body weight gain, visceral adiposity, plasma and hepatic anti-oxidant defenses (glutathione peroxidase, reduced glutathione/glutathione disulphide ratio, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, adenosine and nitric oxide). However, all these effects were ameliorated by either sodium acetate or flutamide treatment. The study demonstrates that suppression of testosterone by SCFA or AR blockade protects against glucose deregulation and poor fetal outcome by improvement of anti-oxidant defenses and replenishment of hepatic oxidative capacity through suppression of ADA/XO pathway. Hence, utility of SCFA should be encouraged for prevention of glucose dysmetabolism and poor fetal outcome.
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Matias AM, Estevam WM, Coelho PM, Haese D, Kobi JBBS, Lima-Leopoldo AP, Leopoldo AS. Differential Effects of High Sugar, High Lard or a Combination of Both on Nutritional, Hormonal and Cardiovascular Metabolic Profiles of Rodents. Nutrients 2018; 10:E1071. [PMID: 30103515 PMCID: PMC6116051 DOI: 10.3390/nu10081071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary interventions in rodents can induce an excess of adipose tissue and metabolic disorders that resemble human obesity. Nevertheless, these approaches are not standardized, and the phenotypes may vary distinctly among studies. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different dietary interventions on nutritional, metabolic, biochemical, hormonal, and cardiovascular profiles, as well as to add to development and characterization of an experimental model of obesity. METHODS Male Wistar rats were randomized into four groups: control diet (C), high-sugar (HS), high-fat (HF), or high-sugar and high-fat (HFHS). Weekly measurements of body weight, adiposity, area under the curve (AUC) for glucose, blood pressure (BP) and serum triglycerides, total cholesterol level, and leptin were performed. RESULTS HF and HFHS models were led to obesity by increases in adipose tissue deposition and the adiposity index. All hypercaloric diets presented systolic BP increases. In addition, the AUC for glucose was greater in HF and HFHS than in C, and only the HF group presented hyperleptinemia. CONCLUSIONS HF and HFHS diet approaches promote obesity and comorbidities, and thus represent a useful tool for studying human obesity-related disorders. By contrast, the HS model did not prove to be a good model of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Martins Matias
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition and Health, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória 29075-910, Espírito Santo, Brazil.
| | - Wagner Müller Estevam
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Center of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória 29075-910, Espírito Santo, Brazil.
| | - Priscila Murucci Coelho
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition and Health, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória 29075-910, Espírito Santo, Brazil.
| | - Douglas Haese
- University of Vila Velha, Vila Velha 29102-920, Espírito Santo, Brazil.
| | - Jéssika Butcovsky Botto Sarter Kobi
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition and Health, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória 29075-910, Espírito Santo, Brazil.
| | - Ana Paula Lima-Leopoldo
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition and Health, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória 29075-910, Espírito Santo, Brazil.
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Center of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória 29075-910, Espírito Santo, Brazil.
- Department of Sports, Center of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória 29075-910, Espírito Santo, Brazil.
| | - André Soares Leopoldo
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition and Health, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória 29075-910, Espírito Santo, Brazil.
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Center of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória 29075-910, Espírito Santo, Brazil.
- Department of Sports, Center of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória 29075-910, Espírito Santo, Brazil.
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Needell JC, Brown MN, Zipris D. Involvement of adipose tissue inflammation and dysfunction in virus-induced type 1 diabetes. J Endocrinol 2018; 238:61-75. [PMID: 29743341 DOI: 10.1530/joe-18-0131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The etiopathogenesis of type 1 diabetes (T1D) remains poorly understood. We used the LEW1.WR1 rat model of Kilham rat virus (KRV)-induced T1D to better understand the role of the innate immune system in the mechanism of virus-induced disease. We observed that infection with KRV results in cell influx into visceral adipose tissue soon following infection prior to insulitis and hyperglycemia. In sharp contrast, subcutaneous adipose tissue is free of cellular infiltration, whereas β cell inflammation and diabetes are observed beginning on day 14 post infection. Immunofluorescence studies further demonstrate that KRV triggers CD68+ macrophage recruitment and the expression of KRV transcripts and proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in visceral adipose tissue. Adipocytes from naive rats cultured in the presence of KRV express virus transcripts and upregulate cytokine and chemokine gene expression. KRV induces apoptosis in visceral adipose tissue in vivo, which is reflected by positive TUNEL staining and the expression of cleaved caspase-3. Moreover, KRV leads to an oxidative stress response and downregulates the expression of adipokines and genes associated with mediating insulin signaling. Activation of innate immunity with Poly I:C in the absence of KRV leads to CD68+ macrophage recruitment to visceral adipose tissue and a decrease in adipokine expression detected 5 days following Poly (I:C) treatment. Finally, proof-of-principle studies show that brief anti-inflammatory steroid therapy suppresses visceral adipose tissue inflammation and protects from virus-induced disease. Our studies provide evidence raising the hypothesis that visceral adipose tissue inflammation and dysfunction may be involved in early mechanisms triggering β cell autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- James C Needell
- Barbara Davis Center for Childhood DiabetesUniversity of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Madalyn N Brown
- Barbara Davis Center for Childhood DiabetesUniversity of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Danny Zipris
- Barbara Davis Center for Childhood DiabetesUniversity of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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Wolfson B, Lo PK, Yao Y, Li L, Wang H, Zhou Q. Impact of miR-140 Deficiency on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 62:e1800189. [PMID: 29701903 PMCID: PMC6280970 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201800189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE We have previously shown that loss of miR-140 has a pro-fibrotic effect in the mammary gland. This study aims to investigate whether miR-140 loss and obesity act synergistically to promote non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and to identify the underlying mechanisms. METHODS AND RESULTS Liver tissues were isolated from lean-fat-diet and high-fat-diet fed wild-type and miR-140 knockout mice. Using molecular staining and immunohistochemistry techniques, increased development of NAFLD and fibrotic indicators in miR-140 knockout mice were identified. Utilizing an in vitro model system, miR-140 was demonstrated to target TLR-4, and miR-140 overexpression was shown to be sufficient to inhibit palmitic acid signaling through the TLR-4/NFκB pathway. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate that loss of miR-140 results in increased expression of TLR-4, sensitizing cells to palmitic acid signaling and in increased inflammatory activity through the TLR4/NFκB pathway. This signaling axis promotes NAFLD development in a high-fat diet context and indicates the potential utility of miR-140 rescue as a therapeutic strategy in NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Wolfson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21201, USA
| | - Pang-Kuo Lo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21201, USA
| | - Yuan Yao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21201, USA
| | - Linhao Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, 21202, USA
| | - Hongbing Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, 21202, USA
| | - Qun Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21201, USA
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Sharma G, Prossnitz ER. G-Protein-Coupled Estrogen Receptor (GPER) and Sex-Specific Metabolic Homeostasis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1043:427-453. [PMID: 29224106 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-70178-3_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and metabolic syndrome display disparate prevalence and regulation between males and females. Human, as well as rodent, females with regular menstrual/estrous cycles exhibit protection from weight gain and associated chronic diseases. These beneficial effects are predominantly attributed to the female hormone estrogen, specifically 17β-estradiol (E2). E2 exerts its actions via multiple receptors, nuclear and extranuclear estrogen receptor (ER) α and ERβ, and the G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER, previously termed GPR30). The roles of GPER in metabolic homeostasis are beginning to emerge but are complex and remain unclear. The discovery of GPER-selective pharmacological agents (agonists and antagonists) and the availability of GPER knockout mice have significantly enhanced our understanding of the functions of GPER in normal physiology and disease. GPER action manifests pleiotropic effects in metabolically active tissues such as the pancreas, adipose, liver, and skeletal muscle. Cellular and animal studies have established that GPER is involved in the regulation of body weight, feeding behavior, inflammation, as well as glucose and lipid homeostasis. GPER deficiency leads to increased adiposity, insulin resistance, and metabolic dysfunction in mice. In contrast, pharmacologic stimulation of GPER in vivo limits weight gain and improves metabolic output, revealing a promising novel therapeutic potential for the treatment of obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geetanjali Sharma
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
| | - Eric R Prossnitz
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, and Autophagy, Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biomedical Research Excellence, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
- University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Bone marrow fat expresses mixed characteristics, which could correspond to white, brown, and beige types of fat. Marrow fat could act as either energy storing and adipokine secreting white fat or as a source of energy for hematopoiesis and bone metabolism, thus acting as brown fat. However, there is also a negative interaction between marrow fat and other elements of the bone marrow milieu, which is known as lipotoxicity. In this review, we will describe the good and bad roles of marrow fat in the bone, while focusing on the specific components of the negative effect of marrow fat on bone metabolism. RECENT FINDINGS Lipotoxicity in the bone is exerted by bone marrow fat through the secretion of adipokines and free fatty acids (FFA) (predominantly palmitate). High levels of FFA found in the bone marrow of aged and osteoporotic bone are associated with decreased osteoblastogenesis and bone formation, decreased hematopoiesis, and increased osteoclastogenesis. In addition, FFA such as palmitate and stearate induce apoptosis and dysfunctional autophagy in the osteoblasts, thus affecting their differentiation and function. Regulation of marrow fat could become a therapeutic target for osteoporosis. Inhibition of the synthesis of FFA by marrow fat could facilitate osteoblastogenesis and bone formation while affecting osteoclastogenesis. However, further studies testing this hypothesis are still required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshman Singh
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, Level 3 WCHRE, 176 Furlong Road, St. Albans, VIC, 3021, Australia
- Department of Medicine-Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, St. Albans, VIC, Australia
| | - Sonia Tyagi
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, Level 3 WCHRE, 176 Furlong Road, St. Albans, VIC, 3021, Australia
- Department of Medicine-Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, St. Albans, VIC, Australia
| | - Damian Myers
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, Level 3 WCHRE, 176 Furlong Road, St. Albans, VIC, 3021, Australia
- Department of Medicine-Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, St. Albans, VIC, Australia
| | - Gustavo Duque
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, Level 3 WCHRE, 176 Furlong Road, St. Albans, VIC, 3021, Australia.
- Department of Medicine-Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, St. Albans, VIC, Australia.
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