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Kong X, Wang M, Jiang Y. Global burden of atrial fibrillation attributable to high body mass index from 1990 to 2021: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2024; 24:542. [PMID: 39379831 PMCID: PMC11459850 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-024-04202-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 09/17/2024] [Indexed: 10/10/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the global burden of atrial fibrillation (AF) attributable to high body mass index (BMI) from 1990 to 2021 and analyze its spatiotemporal distribution characteristics. STUDY DESIGN An observational study based on GBD 2021 data. METHODS Data on AF burden due to high BMI were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2021. Estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) was calculated to evaluate temporal trends in age-standardized rates of deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) over 30 years. RESULTS In 2021, high BMI-related AF caused 27,000 deaths and 725,000 DALYs globally, a 376% increase since 1990. Females and the elderly (aged 70+) bore a higher burden. Upper-middle-income regions surpassed high-income regions in AF burden. Australasia had the highest age-standardized rates, while High-income Asia Pacific and South Asia had the lowest. South Asia showed rapid growth in age-standardized death rates. CONCLUSION The global burden of high BMI-related AF varies across regions and time, threatening global health, especially for females and the elderly. Targeted strategies are needed to reduce AF and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangmeng Kong
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200065, China
- Department of Cardiology, Putuo People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Mingliang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Putuo People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Yumei Jiang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200065, China.
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Goel A, Goel P, Goel S. The Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and Its Association With Waist Circumference in Middle-Aged Individuals From Urban Mumbai. Cureus 2024; 16:e69669. [PMID: 39296924 PMCID: PMC11410306 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.69669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Metabolic syndrome (MetS) represents a critical public health challenge globally, characterized by a cluster of metabolic abnormalities that heighten the risk of cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. In India, the prevalence of MetS, particularly in urban areas, is rising rapidly. This study investigates the prevalence of MetS and its association with waist circumference in middle-aged individuals from urban Mumbai. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1,851 participants (814 men and 1,037 women, with a mean age of 56.8 years) in a public health camp in urban Mumbai. Data were collected on anthropometric measures, blood pressure, and blood markers, including fasting glucose and lipid profiles. MetS was diagnosed based on the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III) criteria. This included the presence of three or more of the following five criteria: waist circumference of ≥102 cm for men and ≥88 cm for women, fasting triglycerides of ≥150 mg/dL, fasting high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol of <40 mg/dL for men and <50 mg/dL for women, blood pressure of ≥130/85 mm Hg, and fasting glucose of ≥100 mg/dL. Data were analyzed using SPSS Statistics version 23 (IBM SPSS Statistics, Armonk, NY). Statistical analyses were performed using the chi-square test, with statistical significance set at p<0.05. Results The overall prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in the cohort was 32.6% (605 out of 1,851 participants), with women exhibiting a significantly higher prevalence at 38% (394 out of 1,037 women) compared to men at 26% (211 out of 814 men) (p<0.001). High waist circumference (≥102 cm for men and ≥88 cm for women) was strongly correlated with MetS, as 73.8% of individuals (314 out of 425 participants) in the high waist circumference group met the criteria for MetS, compared to 20.4% of individuals (291 out of 1,426 participants) in the non-high waist circumference group (<102 cm for men and <88 cm for women) (p<0.001). Furthermore, elevated blood pressure, elevated fasting glucose, and elevated fasting triglycerides were significantly more common in the high waist circumference group, than in the non-high waist circumference group (p<0.001). Conclusion The study highlights the significant association between central obesity and MetS in an urban Indian population, with notably higher prevalence in women. Waist circumference is a critical determinant of MetS and should routinely be measured, with significant application especially in resource-limited settings for early detection and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Goel
- Department of Cardiology, Fayth Clinic, Mumbai, IND
| | - Paula Goel
- Department of Pediatrics, Fayth Clinic, Mumbai, IND
| | - Saurabh Goel
- Department of Cardiology, Wockhardt Hospital, Mumbai Central, Mumbai, IND
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Liu Z, Wang H, Fan D, Xu T, Wan F, Xia Q. Asia's Growing Contribution to Obesity Surgery Research: A 40-year Bibliometric Analysis. Obes Surg 2024; 34:2139-2153. [PMID: 38448708 PMCID: PMC11127875 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-024-07138-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Bariatric metabolic surgery's global research interest is growing, particularly in Asia due to its high obesity rates. This study focuses on Asia, especially China, analyzing 3904 publications (1221 from China) from 1980 to 2022. Research output accelerated until the COVID-19 pandemic, driven by economic growth and rising obesity rates. China led contributions from 2010, but Western Asia led when adjusted for population. An intra-regional research collaboration network emerged, driven by geographic proximity and similar economic environments. Keyword analysis highlighted emerging topics like "laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy" and "non-alcoholic fatty liver disease," indicating a shift in focus. The study recommends disseminating research in top-tier journals to enhance visibility and impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyun Liu
- International Business School Suzhou, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiqin Wang
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dazhi Fan
- Foshan Fetal Medicine Research Institute, Affiliated Foshan Women and Children Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China
- Department of Obstetrics, Affiliated Foshan Women and Children Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Tingting Xu
- Department of Health Management and Policy, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Fuzhen Wan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Xia
- Australian Centre for Health Services Innovation and Centre for Healthcare Transformation, School of Public Health & Social Work, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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4
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Kario K, Hoshide S, Yamamoto K, Okura A, Rakugi H. Clinical studies on pharmacological treatment of hypertension in Japan. J Hum Hypertens 2024; 38:486-499. [PMID: 33963269 DOI: 10.1038/s41371-021-00533-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Differences in the epidemiology and phenotypes of hypertension in Japan compared with Western countries mean that optimal approaches to the pharmacological management of hypertension should be based on local data. Fortunately, there is a large body of evidence from studies conducted in Japanese populations to inform guidelines and treatment decisions. This article highlights treatment recommendations and BP targets for Japanese patients with hypertension, and summarizes key literature supporting these recommendations. The latest version of the Japanese Society of Hypertension (JSH) guidelines is consistent with US and European guidelines in recommending that the general BP target should be <130/80 mmHg for office blood pressure (BP) and <125/75 mmHg for home BP. There is good local evidence to support these targets. The JSH guidelines also strongly recommend that antihypertensive therapy is managed and monitored based on home BP, due to the closer association of this parameter with cardiovascular risk compared with office BP. Japan is a leader in out-of-office BP research, meaning that there is good evidence for the Japanese recommendations. Key features of antihypertensive agents for use in Japanese patients with hypertension include the ability to reduce stroke risk provide antihypertensive efficacy throughout the 24-h dosing period. Calcium channel blockers appear to be particularly effective in Asian populations, and are the most commonly prescribed agents in Japan. Again consistent with international recommendations, antihypertensive therapy should be started with a combination of agents to maximize the chances of achieving target BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuomi Kario
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Hoshide
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Koichi Yamamoto
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Ayako Okura
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Hiromi Rakugi
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
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Chen J, Liu X, Zou Y, Gong J, Ge Z, Lin X, Zhang W, Huang H, Zhao J, Saw PE, Lu Y, Hu H, Song E. A high-fat diet promotes cancer progression by inducing gut microbiota-mediated leucine production and PMN-MDSC differentiation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2306776121. [PMID: 38709933 PMCID: PMC11098111 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2306776121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
A high-fat diet (HFD) is a high-risk factor for the malignant progression of cancers through the disruption of the intestinal microbiota. However, the role of the HFD-related gut microbiota in cancer development remains unclear. This study found that obesity and obesity-related gut microbiota were associated with poor prognosis and advanced clinicopathological status in female patients with breast cancer. To investigate the impact of HFD-associated gut microbiota on cancer progression, we established various models, including HFD feeding, fecal microbiota transplantation, antibiotic feeding, and bacterial gavage, in tumor-bearing mice. HFD-related microbiota promotes cancer progression by generating polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells (PMN-MDSCs). Mechanistically, the HFD microbiota released abundant leucine, which activated the mTORC1 signaling pathway in myeloid progenitors for PMN-MDSC differentiation. Clinically, the elevated leucine level in the peripheral blood induced by the HFD microbiota was correlated with abundant tumoral PMN-MDSC infiltration and poor clinical outcomes in female patients with breast cancer. These findings revealed that the "gut-bone marrow-tumor" axis is involved in HFD-mediated cancer progression and opens a broad avenue for anticancer therapeutic strategies by targeting the aberrant metabolism of the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiewen Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou510120, China
- Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou510120, China
- Department of Breast Medicine, Affiliated Foshan Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan528000, China
| | - Xiyuan Liu
- Run-ze Laboratory for Gastrointestinal Microbiome Study, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou510275, China
| | - Yi Zou
- Run-ze Laboratory for Gastrointestinal Microbiome Study, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou510275, China
| | - Junli Gong
- Run-ze Laboratory for Gastrointestinal Microbiome Study, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou510275, China
| | - Zhenhuang Ge
- Run-ze Laboratory for Gastrointestinal Microbiome Study, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou510275, China
| | - Xiaorong Lin
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Breast Diseases, Shantou Central Hospital, Shantou515000, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou510120, China
| | - Hongyan Huang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou510282, China
| | - Jianli Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou510120, China
| | - Phei Er Saw
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou510120, China
| | - Yongjun Lu
- Run-ze Laboratory for Gastrointestinal Microbiome Study, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou510275, China
| | - Hai Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou510120, China
- Department of Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou510120, China
| | - Erwei Song
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou510120, China
- Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou510120, China
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Pollock C, Moon JY, Ngoc Ha LP, Gojaseni P, Ching CH, Gomez L, Chan TM, Wu MJ, Yeo SC, Nugroho P, Bhalla AK. Framework of Guidelines for Management of CKD in Asia. Kidney Int Rep 2024; 9:752-790. [PMID: 38765566 PMCID: PMC11101746 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2023.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Carol Pollock
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ju-young Moon
- Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Le Pham Ngoc Ha
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | | | | | - Lynn Gomez
- Asian Hospital and Medical Center, Muntinlupa City, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Tak Mao Chan
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ming-Ju Wu
- Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | | | | | - Anil Kumar Bhalla
- Department of Nephrology-Sir Ganga Ram Hospital Marg, New Delhi, Delhi, India
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Ocobock C. Human cold adaptation: An unfinished agenda v2.0. Am J Hum Biol 2024; 36:e23937. [PMID: 37345289 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research on human extreme cold climate adaptations has benefitted from a recent resurgence since Ted Steegmann laid out his Human Cold Adaptation Agenda in 2007. Human biologists have drastically expanded our knowledge in this area during the last 15 years, but we still have a great deal more work to do to fulfill the cold climate adaptation agenda. METHODS Here, I follow Steegmann's example by providing a review of cold climate adaptations and setting forth a new, expanded agenda. RESULTS I review the foundational work on cold climate adaptations including classic Bergmann, Allen, and Thomson rules as well as early work assessing metabolic differences among Indigenous cold climate populations. From there, I discuss some of the groundbreaking work currently taking place on cold climate adaptations such as brown adipose tissue (a heat generating organ), physical activity levels, metabolic rates, and behavioral/cultural mechanisms. Finally, I present a path forward for future research with a focus on some of the basic extreme cold adaptations as well as how human biologists should approach the effects of climate change on human health and well-being, particularly within a cold climate context. CONCLUSION The Arctic has felt the dramatic effects of climate change sooner and more acutely than other parts of the world, making it an ideal location for studying both cold climate adaptations and climate change resilience. Human biologists have a great deal to contribute to the conversation on not only adaptations to extreme cold, but also the ways in which climate change is being embodied by cold climate populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara Ocobock
- Department of Anthropology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
- Department of Gender Studies, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
- Eck Institute for Global Health, Institute for Educational Initiatives, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
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Moreau K, Couzi L, Kaminski H, Merville P, Monsaingeon-Henry M, Pupier E, Gronnier C, Gatta-Cherifi B. High Risk of Acute Kidney Failure in Kidney Transplant Recipients Early after Bariatric Surgery. Obes Facts 2023; 17:98-102. [PMID: 38043514 PMCID: PMC10836936 DOI: 10.1159/000533710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Bariatric surgery is routinely proposed to patients suffering from obesity including kidney transplant recipients. In this specific population, bariatric surgery has a positive impact in long-term outcomes in terms of patient and graft survival. We report here the cases of 4 patients with five post-kidney transplantation bariatric surgeries who experimented acute renal injury early after surgery. Creatinine rising occurred between day 14 and day 20 after surgery. In all cases, it was due to dehydration leading to a pre-renal acute renal failure. The specific care of kidney transplanted patients is discussed: single kidney associated with pre-existing altered kidney function associated with concomitant use of nephrotoxic drugs. Specific education intervention before surgery associated with careful early management of hydration after surgery is mandatory for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lionel Couzi
- Renal Transplant Unit, Bordeaux, France
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, ImmunoConcEpT, Bordeaux, France
| | - Hannah Kaminski
- Renal Transplant Unit, Bordeaux, France
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, ImmunoConcEpT, Bordeaux, France
| | - Pierre Merville
- Renal Transplant Unit, Bordeaux, France
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, ImmunoConcEpT, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Emilie Pupier
- Endocrinology Department, Hospital Haut Leveque, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Caroline Gronnier
- Inserm Unit 1053, Esogastric and Endocrine Unit, Department of Digestive Surgery Magellan Center Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - Blandine Gatta-Cherifi
- Endocrinology Department, Hospital Haut Leveque, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France,
- Inserm U1215 Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France,
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Svärd A, Lallukka T, Oakman J, Roos E, Ervasti J, Salmela J. The Joint Contributions of Overweight/Obesity and Physical and Mental Working Conditions to Short and Long Sickness Absence among Young and Midlife Finnish Employees: A Register-Linked Follow-Up Study. Obes Facts 2023; 17:37-46. [PMID: 37879311 PMCID: PMC10836910 DOI: 10.1159/000534525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Overweight/obesity and strenuous working conditions are associated with work disability, but their joint contributions to sickness absence (SA) are unknown. We aimed to examine their joint contributions to SA periods of 1-7 and ≥8 days. METHODS Self-reported data on body mass index and working conditions, including perceived physically and mentally strenuous work and hours per day spent in heavy physical work, were linked to the employer's SA register for the City of Helsinki, Finland, employees (n = 4,323, women 78%) who were 19-39 years old at baseline. We calculated rate ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for SA periods using negative binomial regression models among participants with healthy weight and overweight/obesity, with and without exposure to strenuous working conditions. The mean follow-up time was 2.1 years. RESULTS Participants with overweight/obesity and exposure to physically strenuous working conditions had the highest age- and gender-adjusted RRs for SA periods of both 1-7 and ≥8 days (physically strenuous work: RR: 1.38, CI: 1.25-1.52, and RR: 1.87, CI: 1.60-2.18, respectively; ≥3 h per day spent in physical work: RR: 1.40, CI: 1.26-1.55 and 2.04, CI: 1.73-2.40, respectively). The interaction between overweight/obesity and physically strenuous working conditions was additive for SA periods of 1-7 days and weakly synergistic for SA periods of ≥8 days. For mentally strenuous work, participants with overweight/obesity and exposure to mentally strenuous work had the highest age-adjusted RRs for SA periods of ≥8 days, and the interaction was additive. CONCLUSION The joint contributions of overweight/obesity and exposure to strenuous working conditions to SA should be considered when aiming to reduce employees' SA. Employers might benefit from providing employees adequate support for weight management and adherence to healthy lifestyles while improving employees' working conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Svärd
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tea Lallukka
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jodi Oakman
- Centre for Ergonomics and Human Factors, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Eira Roos
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jenni Ervasti
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jatta Salmela
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Koirala T, B C UB, Shrestha C, Paudel U, Dhital R, Pokharel S, Subedi M. Arterial hypertension and its covariates among nomadic Raute hunter-gatherers of Western Nepal: a mixed-method study. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e067312. [PMID: 36997254 PMCID: PMC10069499 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-067312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the prevalence of, and understand the factors associated with, hypertension among the nomadic Raute hunter-gatherers of Western Nepal. DESIGN A mixed-method study. SETTING The study was carried out at Raute temporary campsites in the Surkhet District of Karnali Province between May and September 2021. PARTICIPANTS The questionnaire-based survey included all males and non-pregnant females of the nomadic Raute group aged 15 years and above. In-depth interviews were conducted among purposively selected 15 Raute participants and four non-Raute key informants to help explain and enrich the quantitative findings. OUTCOME MEASURES The prevalence of hypertension (defined as brachial artery blood pressure of systolic ≥140 mm Hg and/or diastolic ≥90 mm Hg) and its sociodemographic, anthropometric and behavioural covariates. RESULTS Of the 85 eligible participants, 81 (median age 35 years (IQR: 26-51), 46.9% female) were included in the final analysis. Hypertension was found in 10.5% of females, 48.8% of males and 30.9% of the total population. Current alcohol and tobacco use were high (91.4% and 70.4%, respectively), with concerning high rates among youths. Males, older people, current drinkers and current tobacco users were more likely to have hypertension. Our qualitative analysis suggests that the traditional forest-based Raute economy is gradually transitioning into a cash-based one that heavily relies on government incentives. Consumption of commercial foods, drinks and tobacco products is increasing as their market involvement grows. CONCLUSION This study found a high burden of hypertension, alcohol and tobacco use among nomadic Raute hunter-gatherers facing socioeconomic and dietary transitions. Further research is needed to assess the long-term impact of these changes on their health. This study is expected to help appraise concerned policymakers of an emerging health concern and formulate context-specific and culturally sensitive interventions to limit hypertension-related morbidities and mortalities in this endangered population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapendra Koirala
- Dasharathpur Primary Health Care Center, Surkhet, Karnali Province, Nepal
- Department of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Population, Kathmandu, Bagmati Province, Nepal
| | - Udaya Bahadur B C
- Public Health Service Office Surkhet, Ministry of Social Development, Surkhet, Karnali Province, Nepal
| | - Carmina Shrestha
- Health Action and Research Pvt. Ltd, Kathmandu, Bagmati Province, Nepal
| | - Ujjawal Paudel
- Department of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Population, Kathmandu, Bagmati Province, Nepal
- Jibjibe Primary Health Care Center, Rasuwa, Bagmati Province, Nepal
| | - Rolina Dhital
- Health Action and Research Pvt. Ltd, Kathmandu, Bagmati Province, Nepal
| | - Sunil Pokharel
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Madhusudan Subedi
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Lalitpur, Bagmati Province, Nepal
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Huse O, Reeve E, Zambrano P, Bell C, Peeters A, Sacks G, Baker P, Backholer K. Understanding the corporate political activity of the ultra - processed food industry in East Asia: a Philippines case study. Global Health 2023; 19:16. [PMID: 36879312 PMCID: PMC9986662 DOI: 10.1186/s12992-023-00916-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence is mounting that the ultra - processed food industry seeks to influence food and nutrition policies in ways that support market growth and protect against regulatory threats, often at the expense of public health. However, few studies have explored how this occurs in lower - middle income countries. We aimed to explore if and how the ultra - processed food industry seeks to influence food- and nutrition - related policy processes in the Philippines, a lower - middle income country in East Asia. METHODS Semi - structured key informant interviews were conducted with ten representatives from the Philippines government and non - government organisations closely involved with nutrition policy making in the Philippines. Interview schedules and data analysis were guided by the policy dystopia model, which we used to identify the instrumental and discursive strategies used by corporate actors to influence policy outcomes. RESULTS Informants were of the view that ultra - processed food companies in the Philippines sought to delay, prevent, water - down and circumvent implementation of globally recommended food and nutrition policies by engaging in a range of strategies. Discursive strategies included various tactics in which globally recommended policies were framed as being ineffective or highlighting potential unintended negative impacts. Instrumental strategies included: directly engaging with policymakers; promoting policies, such as industry - led codes and practices, as substitutes for mandatory regulations; presenting evidence and data that industry has generated themselves; and offering gifts and financial incentives to government individuals and agencies. CONCLUSIONS In the Philippines, the ultra - processed food industry engaged in overt activities designed to influence food and nutrition policy processes in their favour. A range of measures to minimise industry influence on policy processes should be introduced, to ensure that implemented food and nutrition policies align with best practice recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Huse
- Global Centre for Preventative Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Health, Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.
| | - Erica Reeve
- Global Centre for Preventative Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Health, Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Paul Zambrano
- Alive & Thrive Southeast Asia, FHI 360, Manila, Philippines
| | - Colin Bell
- Global Centre for Preventative Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Health, Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Anna Peeters
- Global Centre for Preventative Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Health, Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Gary Sacks
- Global Centre for Preventative Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Health, Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Phillip Baker
- Faculty of Health, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Kathryn Backholer
- Global Centre for Preventative Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Health, Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
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12
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Maessen SE, Taylor BJ, Gillon G, Moewaka Barnes H, Firestone R, Taylor RW, Milne B, Hetrick S, Cargo T, McNeil B, Cutfield W. A better start national science challenge: supporting the future wellbeing of our tamariki E tipu, e rea, mō ngā rā o tō ao: grow tender shoot for the days destined for you. J R Soc N Z 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/03036758.2023.2173257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E. Maessen
- A Better Start National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
- Liggins Institute, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Barry J. Taylor
- A Better Start National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Gail Gillon
- A Better Start National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
- Child Well-being Research Institute, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Helen Moewaka Barnes
- A Better Start National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
- Whariki Research Group, SHORE and Whariki Research Centre, School of Public Health, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ridvan Firestone
- A Better Start National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
- Research Centre for Hauora & Health, College of Health, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Rachael W. Taylor
- A Better Start National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Barry Milne
- A Better Start National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
- Centre of Methods and Policy Application in Social Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sarah Hetrick
- A Better Start National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Tania Cargo
- A Better Start National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Bridgid McNeil
- A Better Start National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
- Child Well-being Research Institute, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
- School of Teacher Education, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Wayne Cutfield
- A Better Start National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
- Liggins Institute, Auckland, New Zealand
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13
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Sharma S, Matheson A, Lambrick D, Faulkner J, Lounsbury DW, Vaidya A, Page R. Dietary practices, physical activity and social determinants of non-communicable diseases in Nepal: A systemic analysis. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281355. [PMID: 36745612 PMCID: PMC9901760 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Unhealthy dietary habits and physical inactivity are major risk factors of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) globally. The objective of this paper was to describe the role of dietary practices and physical activity in the interaction of the social determinants of NCDs in Nepal, a developing economy. The study was a qualitative study design involving two districts in Nepal, whereby data was collected via key informant interviews (n = 63) and focus group discussions (n = 12). Thematic analysis of the qualitative data was performed, and a causal loop diagram was built to illustrate the dynamic interactions of the social determinants of NCDs based on the themes. The study also involved sense-making sessions with policy level and local stakeholders. Four key interacting themes emerged from the study describing current dietary and physical activity practices, influence of junk food, role of health system and socio-economic factors as root causes. While the current dietary and physical activity-related practices within communities were unhealthy, the broader determinants such as socio-economic circumstances and gender further fuelled such practices. The health system has potential to play a more effective role in the prevention of the behavioural and social determinants of NCDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudesh Sharma
- DIYASU Community Development Centre, Biratnagar, Morang, Nepal,Massey University, Wellington, Wellington Region, New Zealand,* E-mail:
| | - Anna Matheson
- Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, Wellington Region, New Zealand
| | | | - James Faulkner
- University of Winchester, Winchester, Hampshire, United Kingdom
| | - David W. Lounsbury
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | | | - Rachel Page
- Massey University, Wellington, Wellington Region, New Zealand
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14
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Tan SYT, Lee PC, Ganguly S, Kek PC, Kee T, Ho QY, Thangaraju S. Bariatric Surgery in Kidney Transplant Candidates and Recipients: Experience at an Asian Center. J Obes Metab Syndr 2022; 31:325-333. [PMID: 36416037 PMCID: PMC9828702 DOI: 10.7570/jomes21090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Kidney transplant (KT) candidates and recipients with obesity experience more frequent complications such as infection, poorer allograft outcomes, diabetes, and mortality, limiting their eligibility for transplantation. Bariatric surgery (BS) is not commonly performed among KT patients given concerns about immunosuppression absorption, wound healing, infections, and graft outcomes. Its role has not been described before in an Asian KT patient setting. Methods A retrospective review of patients who underwent BS at the largest KT center in Singapore from 2008 to 2020 was conducted. Metabolic outcomes, immunosuppression doses, graft outcomes, and mortality were studied. Results Seven patients underwent BS and KT (4 underwent BS before KT, 3 underwent BS after KT; 4 underwent sleeve gastrectomy, 3 underwent gastric bypass). Mean total weight losses of 23.8% at 1 year and 18.6% at 5 years post-BS were achieved. Among the five patients with diabetes, glycemic control improved after BS. There were no deaths in the first 90 days or graft loss in the first year after KT and BS. Patients who underwent BS after KT had no significant changes in immunosuppression dose. Conclusion BS can be safely performed in KT recipients and candidates and results in sustainable weight losses and improvements in metabolic comorbidities. Although no major complications were observed in our study, close monitoring of this complex group of patients is imperative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Ying Tse Tan
- Department of Endocrinology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore,Corresponding author Sarah Ying Tse Tan https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5451-788X Department of Endocrinology, Singapore General Hospital, 20 College Rd, Singapore 169856, Singapore Tel: +65-8123-9629 Fax: +65-6576-7832 E-mail:
| | - Phong Ching Lee
- Department of Endocrinology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Sonali Ganguly
- Department of Endocrinology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Peng Chin Kek
- Department of Endocrinology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Terence Kee
- Department of Renal Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore,SingHealth Duke-National University of Singapore Transplant Centre, Singapore
| | - Quan Yao Ho
- Department of Renal Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore,SingHealth Duke-National University of Singapore Transplant Centre, Singapore
| | - Sobhana Thangaraju
- Department of Renal Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore,SingHealth Duke-National University of Singapore Transplant Centre, Singapore
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15
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Ocobock C, Soppela P, Turunen MT. No association of BMI and body adiposity with cardiometabolic biomarkers among a small sample of reindeer herders of sub-Arctic Finland. Int J Circumpolar Health 2022; 81:2024960. [PMID: 35073832 PMCID: PMC8794070 DOI: 10.1080/22423982.2021.2024960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The rising global obesity rate is alarming due to its real health and socioeconomic consequences. Finland, like other circumpolar regions, is also experiencing a rise in obesity . Here we assess BMI, body adiposity, and measures of cardiometabolic health among a small population of reindeer herders in sub-Arctic Finland. We collected anthropometric and biomarker measures at two different time points: October 2018 (N = 20) and January 2019 (N = 21) with a total of 25 unique individuals across the data collection periods (ages 20-64). Anthropometric measures included height, weight, age, and body composition. Biomarkers included measures of cholesterol, fasting glucose, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglyceride levels. Over 70% of this sample was classified as "overweight" and "obese" as categorised by BMI and 64% classified as "overfat" based on body fat percentage. However, there was no significant relationship between BMI and body fat percentage with any of the measured biomarkers. Although the sample size is small, the results of this study suggest there might not be a strong correlation between BMI, body adiposity, and cardiometabolic health indices within this population - a pattern that has been documented elsewhere. However, further study is needed to confirm this lack of a correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara Ocobock
- Department of Anthropology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
- Eck Institute for Global Health, Institute for Educational Initiatives, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Päivi Soppela
- Arctic Centre, University of Lapland, Rovaniemi, Finland
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16
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Huse O, Reeve E, Bell C, Sacks G, Baker P, Wood B, Backholer K. Strategies used by the soft drink industry to grow and sustain sales: a case-study of The Coca-Cola Company in East Asia. BMJ Glob Health 2022; 7:e010386. [PMID: 36593644 PMCID: PMC9730366 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2022-010386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The market and non-market activities of the food and beverage industry contribute to unhealthy and unsustainable dietary patterns, increasingly in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We aimed to describe how The Coca-Cola Company (TCCC), as the world market leader in the sugar-sweetened beverage sector, operationalises their activities in LMICs in East Asia, among the world's most highly populated yet under-researched countries, to illustrate the ways in which these activities may negatively influence health outcomes. METHODS We adopted a theoretically-guided qualitative research design and documentary analysis method. Data sources included: industry documents and web pages, marketing case studies obtained from the World Advertising Research Centre, media reports, global trade summaries and websites of industry associations. To guide data analysis, we synthesised a conceptual framework from existing commercial determinants of health literature, to describe ways in which the market and non-market activities of TCCC influence health. RESULTS TCCC leverages subsidiary companies and investments in international networks to expand its supply chains. The company engages in frequent political activities to minimise the implementation of nutrition policies that may impact profits. The company markets products, particularly on digital and mobile devices, often targeting children, adolescents and mothers, and undertakes public relations activities related to human rights, environmental sustainability and community and economic supports, and these public relations activities are often integrated into marketing campaigns. The identified activities of TCCC are frequently in direct contrast to efforts to improve the healthfulness of population diets in East Asia LMICs. CONCLUSIONS A public health analysis of the market and non-market activities of corporations active in unhealthy commodity industries needs to be broad in scope to cover the diverse set of strategies used to increase their market power and influence. Governments should consider a suite of policy options to attenuate these commercial determinants of unhealthy diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Huse
- Global Centre for Preventive Health and Nutrition, Institute for Health Transformation. Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Erica Reeve
- Global Centre for Preventive Health and Nutrition, Institute for Health Transformation. Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Colin Bell
- Global Centre for Preventive Health and Nutrition, Institute for Health Transformation. Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gary Sacks
- Global Centre for Preventive Health and Nutrition, Institute for Health Transformation. Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Phillip Baker
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Benjamin Wood
- Global Centre for Preventive Health and Nutrition, Institute for Health Transformation. Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kathryn Backholer
- Global Centre for Preventive Health and Nutrition, Institute for Health Transformation. Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
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17
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Liu Y, Liu L. Changes in the Epidemiology of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Asia. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14184473. [PMID: 36139633 PMCID: PMC9496757 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14184473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The incidence and mortality of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Asia are among the world leaders. By understanding the changes in prevalence and influencing factors of HCC, we can better understand the current situation in Asia and take measures to reduce the incidence. Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide, with high morbidity and mortality, and the incidence is on the rise. HCC imposes a heavy healthcare burden on Asian countries due to the presence of multiple HCC risk factors in this area. Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, non-alcoholic liver disease (NAFLD), aflatoxin and alcohol intake are the causes of HCC that cannot be ignored. Compared with the pre-vaccination era, universal vaccination of newborns reduces the incidence of HCC. Anti-viral therapy with nucleos(t)ide analogues also causes a decline in HCC incidence. Early screening and direct-acting antiviral agent are beneficial to the prevention and treatment of HCV. For HCC caused by NAFLD and other reasons, lifestyle changes are imperative. This paper introduces the epidemiological trends of HCC in Asia and highlight future efforts. Focusing on prevention may be the most effective way to improve the prognosis of this hard-to-treat cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Hefei 230001, China
- Anhui Provincial Clinical Research Center for Hepatobiliary Diseases, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Lianxin Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Hefei 230001, China
- Anhui Provincial Clinical Research Center for Hepatobiliary Diseases, Hefei 230001, China
- Correspondence:
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18
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Jang J, Lee S, Ko KP, Abe SK, Rahman MS, Saito E, Islam MR, Sawada N, Shu XO, Koh WP, Sadakane A, Tsuji I, Kim J, Oze I, Nagata C, Tsugane S, Cai H, Yuan JM, Gao YT, Ozasa K, Matsuyama S, Kanemura S, Shin A, Ito H, Wada K, Sugawara Y, Chen Y, Ahsan H, Boffetta P, Chia KS, Matsuo K, Qiao YL, Rothman N, Zheng W, Inoue M, Kang D, Park SK. Association between Body Mass Index and Risk of Gastric Cancer by Anatomic and Histologic Subtypes in Over 500,000 East and Southeast Asian Cohort Participants. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022; 31:1727-1734. [PMID: 35793701 PMCID: PMC9489277 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-22-0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was performed to investigate the association between body mass index (BMI) and gastric cancer in East and Southeast Asia where most of gastric cancer is non-cardia gastric cancer. METHODS On the basis of 8,997 gastric cancer cases among the Asia Cohort Consortium participants from China, Japan, Korea, and Singapore (N = 538,835), we assessed gastric cancer risk according to BMI by calculating hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) using the Cox proportional hazard regression model. RESULTS A U-shaped associations between BMI and gastric cancer risk were observed. Gastric cancer risks in underweight group (<18.5 kg/m2) and in obesity group (≥27.5 kg/m2) were higher than reference BMI group (23-24.9 kg/m2; HR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.05-1.25 for underweight; HR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.03-1.22 for obesity, respectively). The associations of underweight and obesity with gastric cancer risk were consistent in the analyses for non-cardia gastric cancer, intestinal-type gastric cancer, and late-onset gastric cancer. No significant association of underweight and obesity with the risk of cardia gastric cancer, diffuse-type gastric cancer, and early-onset gastric cancer was observed. In addition, we found that the U-shaped association between BMI and gastric cancer risk remained in nonsmokers, while only underweight was related to increased gastric cancer risk in smokers. CONCLUSIONS BMI has a U-shaped association with gastric cancer risk in East and Southeast Asian population, especially for the non-cardia gastric cancer, intestinal-type gastric cancer, and late-onset gastric cancer. IMPACT Future studies with consideration of anatomic location and histology of gastric cancer are needed to establish the association of underweight as well as obesity with gastric cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieun Jang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sangjun Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kwang-Pil Ko
- Clinical Preventive Medicine Center, Seoul National University Bundang HospitaI, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Sarah K Abe
- Division of Prevention, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Japan
| | - Md. Shafiur Rahman
- Division of Prevention, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Japan,Research Center for Child Mental Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Eiko Saito
- Institute for Global Health Policy Research, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Japan
| | - Md. Rashedul Islam
- Division of Prevention, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Japan,Department of Global Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norie Sawada
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Japan
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA
| | - Woon-Puay Koh
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore,Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore Singapore
| | | | - Ichiro Tsuji
- Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi Prefecture, Japan
| | - Jeongseon Kim
- Graduate School of Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Korea
| | - Isao Oze
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya Japan
| | - Chisato Nagata
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Tsugane
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Japan
| | - Hui Cai
- Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA
| | - Jian-Min Yuan
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA,Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yu-Tang Gao
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute/Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kotaro Ozasa
- Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Sanae Matsuyama
- Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi Prefecture, Japan
| | - Seiki Kanemura
- Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi Prefecture, Japan
| | - Aesun Shin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea,Integrated Major in Innovative Medical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hidemi Ito
- Division of Cancer Information and Control, Department of Preventive Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan,Division of Descriptive Cancer Epidemiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Keiko Wada
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yumi Sugawara
- Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi Prefecture, Japan
| | - Yu Chen
- Departments of Population Health and Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Habibul Ahsan
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago IL, USA
| | - Paolo Boffetta
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA,Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Kee Seng Chia
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Keitaro Matsuo
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya Japan,Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - You-Lin Qiao
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Nathaniel Rothman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA
| | - Manami Inoue
- Division of Prevention, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Japan
| | - Daehee Kang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea,Integrated Major in Innovative Medical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sue K. Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea,Integrated Major in Innovative Medical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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19
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Ocobock C, Niclou A. Commentary-fat but fit…and cold? Potential evolutionary and environmental drivers of metabolically healthy obesity. Evol Med Public Health 2022; 10:400-408. [PMID: 36071988 PMCID: PMC9447378 DOI: 10.1093/emph/eoac030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
As global obesity rates continue to rise, it is important to understand the origin, role and range of human variation of body mass index (BMI) in assessing health and healthcare. A growing body of evidence suggests that BMI is a poor indicator of health across populations, and that there may be a metabolically healthy obese phenotype. Here, we review the reasons why BMI is an inadequate tool for assessing cardiometabolic health. We then suggest that cold climate adaptations may also render BMI an uninformative metric. Underlying evolutionary and environmental drivers may allow for heat conserving larger body sizes without necessarily increasing metabolic health risks. However, there may also be a potential mismatch between modern obesogenic environments and adaptations to cold climates, highlighting the need to further investigate the potential for metabolically healthy obese phenotypes among circumpolar and other populations as well as the broader meaning for metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara Ocobock
- Department of Anthropology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
- Eck Institute for Global Health, Institute for Educational Initiatives, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Alexandra Niclou
- Department of Anthropology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
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20
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Mollah S, Biswas S. Optimal control for the complication of Type 2 diabetes: the role of awareness programs by media and treatment. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DYNAMICS AND CONTROL 2022; 11:877-891. [PMID: 35975278 PMCID: PMC9371968 DOI: 10.1007/s40435-022-01013-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
T2 diabetes is a silent killer and serious public health issue across the world, though awareness of diabetes allows understanding of the causes and prevention of the disease. With this inspiration, we formulate a deterministic model by incorporating awareness and saturated treatment function of the T2 diabetes model to study the dynamics of the disease. We have carried out thoroughly analysis of the model system, including positivity of solutions, boundedness, equilibrium, and stability analysis. Again, we consider the deterministic model system as an optimal control problem by taking awareness (M) and treatment (u) as time-depended control parameters. The sufficient conditions for optimal control for T2 diabetes are obtained utilizing the Pontryagin’s maximum principle in time-dependent controls to find optimal strategies for disease control. We intended to assess the efficacy and costs of several strategies to determine which is the best cost-effective strategy with the limited resources for treatment. The parameters incident rate (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\beta $$\end{document}β), awareness coefficient (p), media (M), and treatment (u) highly influence the dynamics of T2 diabetes. Numerical simulations suggest that both awareness and treatment controls have a significant impact on the optimal system and are economically feasible to reduce the prevalence of T2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saddam Mollah
- Department of Mathematics, Centre for Mathematical Biology and Ecology, Jadavpur University, 188, Raja S. C. Mallik Road, Kolkata, 700032 India
| | - Santosh Biswas
- Department of Mathematics, Centre for Mathematical Biology and Ecology, Jadavpur University, 188, Raja S. C. Mallik Road, Kolkata, 700032 India
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21
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Effects of obesity on CC16 and their potential role in overweight/obese asthma. Respir Res 2022; 23:174. [PMID: 35768822 PMCID: PMC9241210 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-022-02038-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Club cell secretory protein-16 (CC16) is a major anti-inflammatory protein expressed in the airway; however, the potential role of CC16 on overweight/obese asthma has not been assessed. In this study, we examined whether obesity reduces airway/circulatory CC16 levels using experimental and epidemiological studies. Then, we explored the mediatory role of CC16 in the relationship of overweight/obesity with clinical asthma measures. Methods Circulating CC16 levels were assessed by ELISA in three independent human populations, including two groups of healthy and general populations and asthma patients. The percentage of cells expressing club markers in obese vs. non-obese mice and human airways was determined by immunohistochemistry. A causal mediation analysis was conducted to determine whether circulatory CC16 acted as a mediator between overweight/obesity and clinical asthma measures. Results BMI was significantly and monotonously associated with reduced circulating CC16 levels in all populations. The percentage of CC16-expressing cells was reduced in the small airways of both mice and humans with obesity. Finally, mediation analysis revealed significant contributions of circulatory CC16 in the association between BMI and clinical asthma measures; 21.8% of its total effect in BMI’s association with airway hyperresponsiveness of healthy subjects (p = 0.09), 26.4% with asthma severity (p = 0.030), and 23% with the required dose of inhaled corticosteroid (p = 0.042). In logistic regression analysis, 1-SD decrease in serum CC16 levels of asthma patients was associated with 87% increased odds for high dose ICS requirement (p < 0.001). Conclusions We demonstrate that airway/circulating CC16, which is inversely associated with BMI, may mediate development and severity in overweight/obese asthma. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12931-022-02038-1.
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Estimating the benefits of obesity prevention on productivity: an Australian perspective. Int J Obes (Lond) 2022; 46:1463-1469. [PMID: 35546611 PMCID: PMC9092329 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-022-01133-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background/objectives Obesity poses one of the biggest public health challenges globally. In addition to the high costs of obesity to the healthcare system, obesity also impacts work productivity. We aimed to estimate the benefits of preventing obesity in terms of years of life, productivity-adjusted life years (PALYs) and associated costs over 10 years. Subjects/methods Dynamic life table models were constructed to estimate years of life and PALYs saved if all new cases of obesity were prevented among Australians aged 20–69 years from 2021 to 2030. Life tables were sex specific and the population was classified into normal weight, overweight and obese. The model simulation was first undertaken assuming currently observed age-specific incidences of obesity, and then repeated assuming all new cases of obesity were reduced by 2 and 5%. The differences in outcomes (years of life, PALYs, and costs) between the two modelled outputs reflected the potential benefits that could be achieved through obesity prevention. All outcomes were discounted by 5% per annum. Results Over the next 10 years, 132 million years of life and 81 million PALYs would be lived by Australians aged 20–69 years, contributing AU$17.0 trillion to the Australian economy in terms of GDP. A 5% reduction in new cases of obesity led to a gain of 663 years of life and 1229 PALYs, equivalent to AU$262 million in GDP. Conclusions Prevention of obesity is projected to result in substantial economic gains due to improved health and productivity. This further emphasises the need for public health prevention strategies to reduce this growing epidemic.
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Huse O, Reeve E, Baker P, Hunt D, Bell C, Peeters A, Backholer K. The nutrition transition, food retail transformations, and policy responses to overnutrition in the East Asia region: A descriptive review. Obes Rev 2022; 23:e13412. [PMID: 34981877 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The East Asia region is facing an increasing burden of overweight, obesity and related noncommunicable diseases, resulting from an ongoing nutrition transition. This study aimed to document the growing burden of overweight and obesity, and the accompanying dietary shifts, in the East Asia region and describe the policy responses to this. METHODS We present noncommunicable disease risk factor collaboration data on trends in the burden of malnutrition, and Euromonitor International data on trends in dietary purchases, in the East Asia region. We searched the NOURISHING and GINA databases to identify food and nutrition policies implemented in these countries. RESULTS There is an ongoing nutrition transition in the East Asia region, notably in upper-middle and lower-middle income countries. The prevalence of overweight, obesity, and accompanying health conditions, purchases of ultra-processed foods and beverages, and purchasing from supermarkets, fast-food and takeaway outlets, and other convenience retailers, are increasing. The policy response to this nutrition transition is limited, with the majority of policies implemented in higher-income countries. CONCLUSIONS East Asian countries are facing a growing burden of malnutrition, due in part to the dietary shifts occurring here. An ecological approach to policy intervention is needed to drive transformative food systems change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Huse
- Global Obesity Centre, Institute for Health Transformation. Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Erica Reeve
- Global Obesity Centre, Institute for Health Transformation. Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Phillip Baker
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition. Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Daniel Hunt
- Independent Researcher and Freelance Public Health Consultant, Bath, UK
| | - Colin Bell
- Global Obesity Centre, Institute for Health Transformation. Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Anna Peeters
- Institute for Health Transformation, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Kathryn Backholer
- Global Obesity Centre, Institute for Health Transformation. Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
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24
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Lee S, Jang J, Abe SK, Rahman S, Saito E, Islam R, Gupta PC, Sawada N, Tamakoshi A, Shu XO, Koh WP, Sadakane A, Tsuji I, Kim J, Oze I, Nagata C, You SL, Shin MH, Pednekar MS, Tsugane S, Cai H, Yuan JM, Wen W, Ozasa K, Matsuyama S, Kanemura S, Shin A, Ito H, Wada K, Sugawara Y, Chen CJ, Ahn YO, Chen Y, Ahsan H, Boffetta P, Chia KS, Matsuo K, Qiao YL, Rothman N, Zheng W, Inoue M, Kang D, Park SK. Association between body mass index and oesophageal cancer mortality: a pooled analysis of prospective cohort studies with >800 000 individuals in the Asia Cohort Consortium. Int J Epidemiol 2022; 51:1190-1203. [PMID: 35229874 PMCID: PMC9365631 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyac023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between body mass index (BMI) and oesophageal cancer (OC) has been consistently negative among Asians, whereas different associations based on histological OC subtypes have been observed in Europeans and North Americans. We examined the association between BMI and OC mortality in the Asia Cohort Consortium. METHODS We performed a pooled analysis to evaluate the association between BMI and OC mortality among 842 630 Asians from 18 cohort studies. Cox regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs. RESULTS A wide J-shaped association between BMI and overall OC mortality was observed. The OC mortality risk was increased for underweight (BMI <18.5 kg/m2: HR = 2.20, 95% CI 1.80-2.70) and extreme obesity (BMI ≥35 kg/m2: HR = 4.38, 95% CI 2.25-8.52) relative to the reference BMI (23-25 kg/m2). This association pattern was confirmed by several alternative analyses based on OC incidence and meta-analysis. A similar wide J-shaped association was observed in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Smoking and alcohol synergistically increased the OC mortality risk in underweight participants (HR = 6.96, 95% CI 4.54-10.67) relative to that in reference BMI participants not exposed to smoking and alcohol. CONCLUSION Extreme obesity and being underweight were associated with an OC mortality risk among Asians. OC mortality and BMI formed a wide J-shaped association mirrored by OSCC mortality. Although the effect of BMI on OSCC and oesophageal adenocarcinoma mortality can be different in Asians, further research based on a large case-control study is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangjun Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jieun Jang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sarah Krull Abe
- Division of Prevention, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shafiur Rahman
- Division of Prevention, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan,Research Center for Child Mental Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Eiko Saito
- Division of Cancer Statistics Integration, Center for Cancer Control & Information Services, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rashedul Islam
- Division of Prevention, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan,Department of Global Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Prakash C Gupta
- Healis—Sekhsaria Institute for Public Health, Mahape, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Norie Sawada
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akiko Tamakoshi
- Department of Public Health, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA
| | - Woon-Puay Koh
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore, Singapore,Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Ichiro Tsuji
- Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi Prefecture, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Jeongseon Kim
- Graduate School of Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Isao Oze
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Naogya, Japan
| | - Chisato Nagata
- Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - San-Lin You
- School of Medicine & Big Data Research Center, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Myung-Hee Shin
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mangesh S Pednekar
- Healis—Sekhsaria Institute for Public Health, Mahape, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Shoichiro Tsugane
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hui Cai
- Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA
| | - Jian-Min Yuan
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA,Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Wanqing Wen
- Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA
| | - Kotaro Ozasa
- Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Sanae Matsuyama
- Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi Prefecture, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Seiki Kanemura
- Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi Prefecture, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Aesun Shin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea,Integrated Major in Innovative Medical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hidemi Ito
- Division of Cancer Information and Control, Department of Preventive Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan,Division of Descriptive Cancer Epidemiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Keiko Wada
- Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yumi Sugawara
- Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi Prefecture, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Chien-Jen Chen
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yoon-Ok Ahn
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yu Chen
- Departments of Population Health and Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Habibul Ahsan
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Paolo Boffetta
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA,Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Kee Seng Chia
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Keitaro Matsuo
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Naogya, Japan,Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - You-Lin Qiao
- Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Nathaniel Rothman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA
| | - Manami Inoue
- Division of Prevention, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daehee Kang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea,Integrated Major in Innovative Medical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sue K Park
- Corresponding author. Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongro-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea. E-mail:
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Chu H, Kang B, Youn BY, Kim KI, Park J, Leem J. Comprehensive traditional East Asian medicine treatment strategy for obesity considering the therapeutic effects and adverse events: A protocol for systematic review and network meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e28673. [PMID: 35147089 PMCID: PMC8830816 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000028673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity has become a serious global health problem due to its increasing prevalence. Because of several limitations or adverse events associated with conventional western medicine therapies, there has been an increase in demand for alternative therapies such as traditional East Asian medicine (TEAM). This study aims to provide comprehensive evidence-based information assessing the clinical efficacy and safety of TEAM treatment for obesity as the basis for reliable clinical strategies for patients with obesity. METHODS Electronic searches of the PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, OASIS, and Korea Citation Index will be performed. Methodological quality will be assessed using the "risk of bias" tool. The primary outcome for efficacy will be weight loss. The secondary outcomes will be response rate, body mass index, waist circumference, and blood pressure. We will also evaluate the rates of adverse events and mortality for safety assessment. First, we will conduct a conventional pairwise meta-analysis. Next, we will conduct network meta-analysis using the frequentist approach. We shall verify the assumption of network meta-analysis and provide network geometry, P-score, net league table, and intervention-based forest plot. A subgroup analysis will be conducted to ascertain the factors that affect treatment, such as dosage, treatment duration, and severity of obesity. RESULTS The results of this study will provide high-quality systematic reviews that can assist decision making in obesity management. Our network meta-analysis results can provide direct and indirect comparison evidence on comparative efficacy and safety. CONCLUSION This study will provide fundamental data for prospective research on the application of TEAM in patients with obesity. PROTOCOL REGISTRY NUMBER OF ONLINE REGISTRY This study protocol was registered in open Science framework (OSF) (Registration DOI: 10.17605/OSF.IO/ETWDS). URL OF THE ONLINE REGISTRY https://osf.io/etwds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmin Chu
- Daecheong Public Health Subcenter, 3, Daecheong-ro, Daecheong-myeon, Ongjin-gun, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Byungsoo Kang
- College of Korean Medicine, Dongshin University, 67, Dongsindae-gil, Naju-si, Jeollanamdo, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Young Youn
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwan-il Kim
- Division of Allergy, Immune Division of Allergy, Immune and Respiratory System, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 23 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinbong Park
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungtae Leem
- Research Center of Traditional Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, 460, Iksan-daero, Sin-dong, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
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26
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You Y, Liu R, Zhou H, Wu R, Lin R, Li B, Liu H, Qiao Y, Guo P, Ding Z, Zhang Q. Effect of Exposure to Paternal Smoking on Overweight and Obesity in Children: Findings from the Children Lifeway Cohort in Shenzhen, Southern China. Obes Facts 2022; 15:609-620. [PMID: 35738239 PMCID: PMC9421693 DOI: 10.1159/000525544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Paternal smoking associated with childhood overweight and obesity has been a concern, but studies have not investigated smoking exposure and smoking details. We investigated the association of exposures from paternal smoking as well as smoking details on offspring overweight/obesity. METHODS A total of 4,513 children (aged 7-8 years) in Shenzhen were enrolled. Four different exposures from paternal smoking as well as smoking quantity, duration of smoking, and age of starting smoking details were the exposure variables and demographic characteristics, and circumstances of birth, dietary intake, lifestyle, and nonpaternal-smoking exposure were covariates in the logistic regression analysis to determine the effect of paternal smoking on childhood overweight/obesity, estimating odds ratios (ORs), and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS Paternal smoking was positively associated with childhood overweight/obesity (p < 0.05). Moreover, only preconception exposure, and both pre- and postconception exposure were significantly associated with childhood overweight/obesity (OR 1.54 [95% CI: 1.14-2.08] and OR 1.73 [95% CI: 1.14-2.61], respectively), restricted to boys but not girls. Furthermore, for children with only preconception paternal-smoking exposure, the dose-response relation was positive between smoking quantity, duration of smoking, age at starting, and overweight/obesity for boy offspring (p trend <0.001). We did not find any significant association between only postnatal exposure to paternal smoking and childhood overweight/obesity (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that paternal smoking is associated with boys' overweight/obesity, and this association may be due to the paternal-smoking exposure before conception rather than the postnatal exposure to paternal smoking. Reducing paternal-smoking exposure before conception might help reduce overweight/obesity in boys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingbin You
- Baoan Central Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ruiguo Liu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Hua Zhou
- Baoan Central Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Rong Wu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Rongqing Lin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Boya Li
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Baoan Central Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Pi Guo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Zan Ding
- Baoan Central Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qingying Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Breast Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
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27
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Zhao Y, He L, Marthias T, Ishida M, Anindya K, Desloge A, D'Souza M, Cao G, Lee JT. Out-Of-Pocket Expenditure Associated with Physical Inactivity, Excessive Weight, and Obesity in China: Quantile Regression Approach. Obes Facts 2022; 15:416-427. [PMID: 35249040 PMCID: PMC9209956 DOI: 10.1159/000522433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Previous studies exploring associations of physical inactivity, obesity, and out-of-pocket expenditure (OOPE) mainly used traditional linear regression, and little is known about the effect of both physical inactivity and obesity on OOPE across the percentile distribution. This study aims to assess the effects of physical inactivity and obesity on OOPE in China using a quantile regression approach. METHODS Study participants included 10,687 respondents aged 45 years and older from the recent wave of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study in 2015. Linear regression and quantile regression models were used to examine the association of physical activity, body weight with annual OOPE. RESULTS Overall, the proportion of overweight and obesity was 33.2% and 5.8%, respectively. The proportion of individuals performing high-level, moderate-level, and low-level physical activity was 55.2%, 12.7%, and 32.1%, respectively. The effects of low-level physical activity on annual OOPE were small at the bottom quantiles but more pronounced at higher quantiles. Respondents with low-level activity had an increased annual OOPE of 26.9 USD, 150.3 USD, and 1,534.4 USD, at the 10th, 50th, and 90th percentiles, respectively, compared with those with high-level activity. The effects of overweight and obesity on OOPE were also small at the bottom quantiles but more pronounced at higher quantiles. CONCLUSION Interventions that improve the lifestyles and unhealthy behaviors among people with obesity and physical inactivity are likely to yield substantial financial gains for the individual and health systems in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhao
- The George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia,
- The George Institute for Global Health at Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China,
| | - Li He
- College of Physical Education and Sport, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Tiara Marthias
- The Nossal Institute for Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Marie Ishida
- The Nossal Institute for Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kanya Anindya
- The Nossal Institute for Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Allissa Desloge
- The Nossal Institute for Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Monique D'Souza
- The Nossal Institute for Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gaofang Cao
- College of Public Health and Management, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - John Tayu Lee
- The Nossal Institute for Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Public Health Policy Evaluation Unit, Department of Primary Care and Public Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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28
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Chen Y, Kassam I, Lau SH, Kooner JS, Wilson R, Peters A, Winkelmann J, Chambers JC, Chow VT, Khor CC, van Dam RM, Teo YY, Loh M, Sim X. Impact of BMI and waist circumference on epigenome-wide DNA methylation and identification of epigenetic biomarkers in blood: an EWAS in multi-ethnic Asian individuals. Clin Epigenetics 2021; 13:195. [PMID: 34670603 PMCID: PMC8527674 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-021-01162-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of obesity and its related chronic diseases have been increasing especially in Asian countries. Obesity-related genetic variants have been identified, but these explain little of the variation in BMI. Recent studies reported associations between DNA methylation and obesity, mostly in non-Asian populations. METHODS We performed an epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) on general adiposity (body mass index, BMI) and abdominal adiposity (waist circumference, WC) in 409 multi-ethnic Asian individuals and replicated BMI and waist-associated DNA methylation CpGs identified in other populations. The cross-lagged panel model and Mendelian randomization were used to assess the temporal relationship between methylation and BMI. The temporal relationship between the identified CpGs and inflammation and metabolic markers was also examined. RESULTS EWAS identified 116 DNA methylation CpGs independently associated with BMI and eight independently associated with WC at false discovery rate PFDR < 0.05 in 409 Asian samples. We replicated 110 BMI-associated CpGs previously reported in Europeans and identified six novel BMI-associated CpGs and two novel WC-associated CpGs. We observed high consistency in association direction of effect compared to studies in other populations. Causal relationship analyses indicated that BMI was more likely to be the cause of DNA methylation alteration, rather than the consequence. The causal analyses using BMI-associated methylation risk score also suggested that higher levels of the inflammation marker IL-6 were likely the consequence of methylation change. CONCLUSION Our study provides evidence of an association between obesity and DNA methylation in multi-ethnic Asians and suggests that obesity can drive methylation change. The results also suggested possible causal influence that obesity-related methylation changes might have on inflammation and lipoprotein levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Chen
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, 12 Science Drive 2, #10-01, Tahir Foundation Building, Singapore, 117549, Singapore
| | - Irfahan Kassam
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, 12 Science Drive 2, #10-01, Tahir Foundation Building, Singapore, 117549, Singapore
- Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Suk Hiang Lau
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jaspal S Kooner
- Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital, London North West Healthcare NHS Trust, Middlesex, UK
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Imperial College London, London, UK
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Rory Wilson
- Research Unit Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764, Neuherberg, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Juliane Winkelmann
- Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technical University of Munich, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
- Lehrstuhl Für Neurogenetik, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology, Munich, Germany
| | - John C Chambers
- Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital, London North West Healthcare NHS Trust, Middlesex, UK
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Imperial College London, London, UK
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 11 Mandalay Road, Level 18, Lee Kong Chian Clinical Science Building, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Vincent T Chow
- National University Health System Infectious Diseases Translational Research Program, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chiea Chuen Khor
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rob M van Dam
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, 12 Science Drive 2, #10-01, Tahir Foundation Building, Singapore, 117549, Singapore
- Department of Nutrition and Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yik-Ying Teo
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, 12 Science Drive 2, #10-01, Tahir Foundation Building, Singapore, 117549, Singapore
- Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Marie Loh
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 11 Mandalay Road, Level 18, Lee Kong Chian Clinical Science Building, Singapore, 308232, Singapore.
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK.
- National Skin Centre, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Xueling Sim
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, 12 Science Drive 2, #10-01, Tahir Foundation Building, Singapore, 117549, Singapore.
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Chu DT, Singh V. Obesity and hypertension in Asia: Current status and challenges. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. WESTERN PACIFIC 2021; 15:100243. [PMID: 34528017 PMCID: PMC8353339 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2021.100243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dinh-Toi Chu
- Center for Biomedicine and Community Health, International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Vijai Singh
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science, Indrashil University, Rajpur, Mehsana, Gujarat, India
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30
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Maessen SE, Swinburn BA, Taylor RW, Gerritsen S, Nichols M, Körner A, Kiess W, Hancock C, Cutfield WS. Slim Evidence to Suggest Preschoolers Are Emerging from the Obesity Epidemic. J Pediatr 2021; 236:292-296. [PMID: 33865860 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2021.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Maessen
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Boyd A Swinburn
- School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Rachael W Taylor
- A Better Start-National Science Challenge, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Sarah Gerritsen
- School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Melanie Nichols
- Global Obesity Centre (GLOBE), Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Antje Körner
- Center for Pediatric Research Leipzig (CPL), University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wieland Kiess
- Center for Pediatric Research Leipzig (CPL), University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Wayne S Cutfield
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; A Better Start-National Science Challenge, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annekathryn Goodman
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Gillette Center for Women's Cancers, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
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32
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Goh AT, Choy JYM, Chua XH, Ponnalagu S, Khoo CM, Whitton C, van Dam RM, Forde CG. Increased oral processing and a slower eating rate increase glycaemic, insulin and satiety responses to a mixed meal tolerance test. Eur J Nutr 2021; 60:2719-2733. [PMID: 33389082 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02466-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Variations in specific oral processing behaviours may contribute to differences in glucose, insulin and satiety responses to a standardised test meal. This study tested how natural variations in oral processing between slower and faster eaters contribute to differences in post-prandial glucose (PP glucose), insulin response (PP insulin) and post-meal satiety for a standardised test meal. METHODS Thirty-three participants with higher risk for type 2 diabetes consumed a standardised test-meal while being video recorded to derive specific oral processing behaviours. Plasma glucose, insulin and satiety measures were collected at baseline, during and post meal. Participants were split into slower and faster eaters using median split based on their eating rates and individual bolus properties were analysed at the point of swallow. RESULTS There were large variations in eating rate (p < 0.001). While there was no significant difference in PP glucose response (p > 0.05), slower eaters showed significantly higher PP insulin between 45 and 60 min (p < 0.001). Slower eaters had longer oro-sensory exposure and increased bolus saliva uptake which was associated with higher PP glucose iAUC. Faster eating rate and larger bolus particle size at swallow correlated with lower PP glucose iAUC. A slower eating rate with greater chews per bite significantly increased insulin iAUC. Faster eaters also consistently rated their hunger and desire to eat higher than slower eaters (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Natural variations in eating rate and the associated oral processing contributed to differences in PP glucose, PP insulin and satiety responses. Encouraging increased chewing and longer oral-exposure time during consumption, may promote early glucose absorption and greater insulin and satiety responses, and help support euglycaemia. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04522063.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Ting Goh
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC), Singapore Institute for Food and Biotechnology Innovation, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Jie Ying Michelle Choy
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC), Singapore Institute for Food and Biotechnology Innovation, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Xin Hui Chua
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shalini Ponnalagu
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC), Singapore Institute for Food and Biotechnology Innovation, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Chin Meng Khoo
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Clare Whitton
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rob Martinus van Dam
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ciarán Gerard Forde
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC), Singapore Institute for Food and Biotechnology Innovation, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 117599, Singapore.
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117593, Singapore.
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33
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Baradaran A, Dehghanbanadaki H, Naderpour S, Pirkashani LM, Rajabi A, Rashti R, Riahifar S, Moradi Y. The association between Helicobacter pylori and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of case-control studies. Clin Diabetes Endocrinol 2021; 7:15. [PMID: 34243821 PMCID: PMC8272347 DOI: 10.1186/s40842-021-00131-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The relationship between H. pylori infection and obesity development has remained controversial among various studies. The aim of this study was to clarify the pooled effect of H. pylori infection on the development of obesity and vice versa. METHODS We searched international databases including Medline (PubMed), Web of sciences, Scopus, EMBASE, Cochrane, Ovid, and CINHAL to retrieve all case-control studies reporting the effect of H. pylori on obesity and vice versa, which had been published in English between January 1990 and June 2019. The quality of included studies was assessed by the Modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for Case-Control studies. The logarithm of the odds ratio (OR) and its standard error was used for the meta-analysis. RESULTS Eight case-control studies with 25,519 participants were included for qualitative and quantitative analyses. The pooled analysis showed that obese participants had a higher risk of H. pylori infection than lean participants with an odds ratio of 1.46 (95%CI: 1.26, 1.68). Also, the pooled analysis revealed that participants infected by H. pylori had a higher risk of obesity than non-infected participants with an odds ratio of 1.01 (95%CI: 1.01, 1.02). CONCLUSION The results of this meta-analysis showed that there was a positive correlation between the risk of H. pylori infection and the prevalence of obesity development. Thus, H. pylori positive patients were more likely to be obese, and obese individuals had higher risks of H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Baradaran
- Endocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hojat Dehghanbanadaki
- Students Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Naderpour
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Mohammadi Pirkashani
- Clinical Research Development Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Abdolhalim Rajabi
- Department of Health Management and Social Development Research Center, Faculty of Health, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Roya Rashti
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, 66179-13446 Iran
| | - Sevda Riahifar
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yousef Moradi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, 66179-13446 Iran
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Mu L, Liu J, Zhou G, Wu C, Chen B, Lu Y, Lu J, Yan X, Zhu Z, Nasir K, Spatz ES, Krumholz HM, Zheng X. Obesity Prevalence and Risks Among Chinese Adults: Findings From the China PEACE Million Persons Project, 2014-2018. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 2021; 14:e007292. [PMID: 34107739 PMCID: PMC8204767 DOI: 10.1161/circoutcomes.120.007292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. China has seen a burgeoning epidemic of obesity in recent decades, but few studies reported nationally on obesity across socio-demographic subgroups. We sought to assess the prevalence and socio-demographic associations of obesity nationwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Mu
- National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China (J.L., C.W., B.C., J.L., X.Y., Z.Z., X.Z.).,Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale New Haven Hospital (L.M., G.Z., Y.L., K.N., E.S.S., H.M.K.)
| | | | - Guohai Zhou
- Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale New Haven Hospital (L.M., G.Z., Y.L., K.N., E.S.S., H.M.K.)
| | - Chaoqun Wu
- National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China (J.L., C.W., B.C., J.L., X.Y., Z.Z., X.Z.)
| | - Bowang Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China (J.L., C.W., B.C., J.L., X.Y., Z.Z., X.Z.)
| | - Yuan Lu
- Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale New Haven Hospital (L.M., G.Z., Y.L., K.N., E.S.S., H.M.K.)
| | - Jiapeng Lu
- National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China (J.L., C.W., B.C., J.L., X.Y., Z.Z., X.Z.)
| | - Xiaofang Yan
- National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China (J.L., C.W., B.C., J.L., X.Y., Z.Z., X.Z.)
| | - Zhihong Zhu
- National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China (J.L., C.W., B.C., J.L., X.Y., Z.Z., X.Z.)
| | - Khurram Nasir
- Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale New Haven Hospital (L.M., G.Z., Y.L., K.N., E.S.S., H.M.K.)
| | - Erica S Spatz
- Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale New Haven Hospital (L.M., G.Z., Y.L., K.N., E.S.S., H.M.K.)
| | - Harlan M Krumholz
- Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale New Haven Hospital (L.M., G.Z., Y.L., K.N., E.S.S., H.M.K.).,Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (H.M.K.).,Department of Health Policy and Management, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT (H.M.K.)
| | - Xin Zheng
- National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China (J.L., C.W., B.C., J.L., X.Y., Z.Z., X.Z.)
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35
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Daud A, Jamal AF, Shahadan SZ. Association between sitting time and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein level among obese women. ENFERMERIA CLINICA 2021. [PMID: 33849148 DOI: 10.1016/j.enfcli.2020.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the time spent on sitting per day, level of serum High sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and the association between sitting time and level of serum hs-CRP among obese women. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted. Sixty eight (68) obese women were recruited. They were signed informed consent form prior to the questionnaire answered. Then, sample blood test was taken to check for hs-CRP level. Sitting time spent in hours was found to be not significantly associated with hs-CRP level (p=0.391) among obese women. Longer sitting time spent per day more than 4h is the factor of obesity and hs-CRP level will be higher in obese women compared to normal people. This study can be baseline data for healthcare professionals and may contribute to develop awareness platform on maintaining normal body mass index among women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azlina Daud
- Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, Kulliyyah of Nursing, IIUM, Kuantan, Malaysia
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36
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Gotesman RD, Choi C, Alavi A. Hidradenitis suppurativa in East and Southeast Asian populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Dermatol 2021; 60:e433-e439. [PMID: 34075575 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.15671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory skin condition that presents with recurrent inflammatory nodules and draining tunnels in the skin. Most HS studies have focused on Western populations, and the understanding of how HS characteristics differ in specific Asian ethnicities is poor. We conducted the first systematic review and meta-analysis to characterize HS patients from East and Southeast Asia. PubMed, Embase, and Ovid MEDLINE databases were searched from inception to June 12, 2020. English-language case-series, cross-sectional, observational, and randomized controlled trial studies investigating HS in East and Southeast Asian populations were screened by titles, abstracts, and articles in duplicate. Of 136 citations, 10 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Data on gender distribution, lesion distribution in the axilla and gluteal regions, and family history were extracted in duplicate. A random effects model was used for the meta-analysis. A total of 30,125 HS patients were included in the analysis. Most patients were male (66%, 95% CI = 60-72%). About half of Asian patients with HS develop lesions in the axilla (52%, 95% CI = 33-72%) and the buttocks (48%, 95% CI = 38-57%). Only a small subset had positive family history of HS (5%, 95% CI = 2-8%). We report an up-to-date characterization of HS in East and Southeast Asian populations and highlight differences in their Western counterparts. These results will hopefully improve understanding for how HS may manifest, lead to more personalized treatments for Asian patients with HS, and usher in a proper patient-centered approach to treating the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Charles Choi
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Afsaneh Alavi
- Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Yi SW, Kim YM, Won YJ, Kim SK, Kim SH. Association between body mass index and the risk of falls: a nationwide population-based study. Osteoporos Int 2021; 32:1071-1078. [PMID: 33411009 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-020-05725-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The association of BMI with falls differed between men and women in Korea. Obesity was associated with a greater risk of falls in women, whereas underweight seemed to increase the risk of falls compared with normal weight in men. PURPOSE This study examined the sex-specific association between body mass index (BMI) and falls in Korean adults using data from a large population-based survey. METHODS We analyzed 113,805 men and women (age ≥ 50 years) who participated in the Korean Community Health Survey in 2013. Logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between BMI and falls. RESULTS The mean (± standard deviation) age and BMI of all participants were 63.8 ± 9.6 years and 23.2 ± 2.9 kg/m2, respectively. Among the 113,805 subjects, 19.1% and 6.7% had histories of falls and recurrent falls, respectively. The association of BMI with recurrent falls differed between men and women. The multivariable-adjusted odd ratios (ORs) for recurrent falls were 0.98 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.86-1.12), 1.23 (1.14-1.32), and 1.51 (1.26-1.81) in women with BMIs of < 18.5, 25-29.9, and ≥ 30 kg/m2, respectively, relative to those with BMIs of 18.5-24.9 kg/m2. The corresponding ORs for men were 1.20 (95% CI 1.01-1.42), 1.05 (0.96-1.14), and 0.97 (0.69-1.38), respectively. Older age and low economic level were associated independently with higher ORs of recurrent falls in men and women, respectively. In addition, comorbidities, including diabetes, stroke, arthritis, osteoporosis, and asthma, correlated significantly with an increased risk of recurrent falls (all p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Obesity was associated with a greater risk of recurrent falls in women, whereas underweight seemed to be associated with a greater risk of falls in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-W Yi
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine, Gangneung, South Korea
| | - Y M Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, International St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine, Simgokro 100Gil 25, Seo-gu, Incheon, 22711, South Korea
| | - Y J Won
- Department of Internal Medicine, International St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine, Simgokro 100Gil 25, Seo-gu, Incheon, 22711, South Korea
| | - S K Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cha University College of Medicine, Yatapro 59, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 13496, South Korea
| | - S H Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, International St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine, Simgokro 100Gil 25, Seo-gu, Incheon, 22711, South Korea.
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38
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Seema S, Rohilla KK, Kalyani VC, Babbar P. Prevalence and contributing factors for adolescent obesity in present era: Cross-sectional Study. J Family Med Prim Care 2021; 10:1890-1894. [PMID: 34195121 PMCID: PMC8208200 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1524_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adolescent obesity is a very common issue in our culture. Recent studies have shown that this is a form of global burden that may predispose factors in advanced life for many other diseases. Adolescents are a positive force for a country, responsible for their future prosperity and also for their nations. Objectives The main objective of the study was to identify the prevalence of obesity among adolescents and its diverse contributing factors. Methods The analysis was a cross-sectional sample method and was carried out using a sampling methodology which was not possible. Through using standardized questionnaires and using validated and calibrated heighometers and weighting devices, data was obtained from 385 participants. Body mass index (BMI) scale of the World Health Organization (WHO) has been used to create a category for obesity. BMI values greater than + 1 SD fall in the range of overweight, and levels of obese greater than + 2 SD. Results It was found that 6.8% of adolescents were obese and that about 17.1% were overweight. Remaining 53.8% percent had normal category of BMI and 22.3 percent were category of underweight. A significant association of gender, socioeconomic status, dietary habits, chocolate eating habits, mode of transportation to school, sports participants, physical activity, and screen time. Adolescents who were athletic enthusiasts and those who did physical activity had a good BMI. The teens who watched more than 2 h of screen time were more obese, and these were only a few reasons that were responsible for teenage obesity. Conclusion Health care practitioners and policy makers need to be aware of the prevalence and contributing factor to teenage obesity. Adolescents will embrace practices such as healthy eating habits, avoiding smoking and physical inactivity. This obesity may increase their risk of developing chronic illnesses in adulthood and later life stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Seema
- Senior Nursing Officer, All India Institute of Medical Science, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Kusum K Rohilla
- PhD Scholar, All India Institute of Medical Science, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Vasantha C Kalyani
- Principal, College of Nursing, All India Institute of Medical Science, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Prerna Babbar
- Deputy Medical Superintendent, All India Institute of Medical Science, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
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39
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Falisse JB, Macdonald R, Molony T, Nugent P. Why have so many African leaders died of COVID-19? BMJ Glob Health 2021; 6:bmjgh-2021-005587. [PMID: 34001520 PMCID: PMC8130489 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2021-005587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper provides evidence that the COVID-19-related mortality rate of national government ministers and heads of state has been substantially higher than that of people with a similar sex and age profile in the general population, a trend that is driven by African cases (17 out of 24 reported deaths worldwide, as of 6 February 2021). Ministers’ work frequently puts them in close contact with diverse groups, and therefore at higher risk of contracting SARS-CoV-2, but this is not specific to Africa. This paper discusses five non-mutually exclusive hypotheses for the Africa-specific trend, involving comorbidity, poorly resourced healthcare and possible restrictions in accessing out-of-country health facilities, the underreporting of cases, and, later, the disproportionate impact of the so-called ‘South African’ variant (501Y.V2). The paper then turns its attention to the public health and political implications of the trend. While governments have measures in place to cope with the sudden loss of top officials, the COVID-19-related deaths have been associated with substantial changes in public health policy in cases where the response to the pandemic had initially been contested or minimal. Ministerial deaths may also result in a reconfiguration of political leadership, but we do not expect a wave of younger and more gender representative replacements. Rather, we speculate that a disconnect may emerge between the top leadership and the public, with junior ministers filling the void and in so doing putting themselves more at risk of infection. Opposition politicians may also be at significant risk of contracting SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Benoît Falisse
- Centre of African Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK .,Edinburgh Futures Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Robert Macdonald
- Centre of African Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Thomas Molony
- Centre of African Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Paul Nugent
- Centre of African Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,School of History Classics and Archaeology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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40
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Bohara SS, Thapa K, Bhatt LD, Dhami SS, Wagle S. Determinants of Junk Food Consumption Among Adolescents in Pokhara Valley, Nepal. Front Nutr 2021; 8:644650. [PMID: 33898498 PMCID: PMC8060464 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.644650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Junk food consumption and its consequences has become a major public health concern globally because of its deteriorating health consequences and surging prevalence. Though its adverse health consequences are widely prevalent in all age groups, children and adolescents are more at risk. It may lead to obesity and act as a risk factor for different non-communicable diseases (NCD's) like heart diseases, cardiovascular disease, cancer, hypertension, diabetes, etc. This study was carried out to explore the junk food consumption and its associated factors among adolescent students. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 538 adolescent students of Kaski district, Nepal. We used a stratified proportionate sampling technique to recruit the participants. A self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. Descriptive and bivariate statistical analysis was performed. The odds ratio was computed to test the association. Results: The study found that more than half of the participants (60.30%) consumed junk foods over the last 30 days, more prevalent among public school participants (65.1%) followed by participants of private school (56.3%). More than half of the participants consumed salty snacks (58.7%) followed by sweets (57.5%). The time of consumption was found to be higher together with friends (83.9%). Similarly, it was consumed more while the participants were on a trip (70.1%). Consumption of junk foods was significantly associated with public school (OR: 1.44, CI = 1.01-2.06), single family (OR: 1.46, CI = 1.01-2.10), living with parents (OR: 1.64, CI = 1.03-2.63), while on travel (OR: 1.99, CI = 1.33-2.98), while reading (OR: 2.01, CI = 1.16-3.47), at home (OR: 2.20, CI = 1.53-3.16), at school (OR: 2.86, CI = 1.98-4.12), friends' influence (OR: 2.01, CI = 1.37-2.94), and junk food availability at home (OR: 1.92, CI = 1.33-2.76). Conclusion: Consumption of junk foods among adolescent students was remarkably high in both public school and private school adolescents. Regardless of adequate knowledge on harmful consequences of junk foods, school-going adolescents are consuming junk foods due to its easy availability and ready-to-use packaging. The government of Nepal should strictly standardize and regulate advertising policies and extravagant health claims advertised by junk food manufacturers. An appropriate intervention targeted to adolescents to improve food behaviors is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suraj Sujan Bohara
- Faculty of Health Science, School of Health and Allied Sciences, Pokhara University, Kaski, Nepal
| | - Kanchan Thapa
- Independent Public Health Researcher, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Laxman Datt Bhatt
- Department of Healthcare Management, National Open College, Pokhara University, Kaski, Nepal
| | - Shankar Singh Dhami
- Faculty of Health Science, School of Health and Allied Sciences, Pokhara University, Kaski, Nepal
| | - Shreejana Wagle
- Faculty of Health Science, School of Health and Allied Sciences, Pokhara University, Kaski, Nepal
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Shatwan IM, Alhinai EA, Alawadhi B, Surendran S, Aljefree NM, Almoraie NM. High Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet Is Associated with a Reduced Risk of Obesity among Adults in Gulf Countries. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13030995. [PMID: 33808684 PMCID: PMC8003341 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) is considered as a good example of a healthy dietary pattern that has protective effects on obesity. The aim of the present study was to assess the adherence of adults from three Gulf countries (Saudi Arabia, Oman, and Kuwait) to the MedDiet and its association with obesity risk. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 961 men and women (75.7%) aged 20–55 years old. Waist circumference (WC), and hip circumference (HC) were measured waist/hip ratio (WHR) and body mass index (BMI) were calculated. A validated 14-item Questionnaire was used to measure adherence to MedDiet. The mean of the adherence to MedDiet score was 5.9 ± 2.03 for the total sample. An inverse association was observed between the adherence to MedDiet and BMI after adjusting for potential confounders (p = 0.0003 in total participants, and p = 0.001 in women only). A protective effect was seen with a higher adherence to the MedDiet on HC, suggesting that a greater adherence to the MedDiet was associated with a decreased HC (p = 0.04 in total participants, and p = 0.01 in women only). In conclusion, low adherence to the MedDiet among participants from three gulf countries was associated with increased obesity indicators, BMI, and HC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israa M. Shatwan
- Food and Nutrition Department, Human Sciences and Design Faculty, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 3270, Saudi Arabia; (N.M.A.); (N.M.A.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Eiman A. Alhinai
- Dietetics Department, Al Nahdha Hospital, Ministry of Health, Ruwi 937, Muscat PC 112, Oman;
| | - Balqees Alawadhi
- The Public Authority of Applied Education and Training (PAAET), Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Shuwaikh, Kuwait;
| | - Shelini Surendran
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK;
| | - Najlaa M. Aljefree
- Food and Nutrition Department, Human Sciences and Design Faculty, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 3270, Saudi Arabia; (N.M.A.); (N.M.A.)
| | - Noha M. Almoraie
- Food and Nutrition Department, Human Sciences and Design Faculty, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 3270, Saudi Arabia; (N.M.A.); (N.M.A.)
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42
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Narayan KMV, Kondal D, Kobes S, Staimez LR, Mohan D, Gujral UP, Patel SA, Anjana RM, Shivashankar R, Ali MK, Chang HH, Kadir M, Prabhakaran D, Daya N, Selvin E, Tandon N, Hanson R, Mohan V. Incidence of diabetes in South Asian young adults compared to Pima Indians. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2021; 9:9/1/e001988. [PMID: 33771765 PMCID: PMC8006824 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2020-001988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION South Asians (SA) and Pima Indians have high prevalence of diabetes but differ markedly in body size. We hypothesize that young SA will have higher diabetes incidence than Pima Indians at comparable body mass index (BMI) levels. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We used prospective cohort data to estimate age-specific, sex, and BMI-specific diabetes incidence in SA aged 20-44 years living in India and Pakistan from the Center for Cardiometabolic Risk Reduction in South Asia Study (n=6676), and compared with Pima Indians, from Pima Indian Study (n=1852). RESULTS At baseline, SA were considerably less obese than Pima Indians (BMI (kg/m2): 24.4 vs 33.8; waist circumference (cm): 82.5 vs 107.0). Age-standardized diabetes incidence (cases/1000 person-years, 95% CI) was lower in SA than in Pima Indians (men: 14.2, 12.2-16.2 vs 37.3, 31.8-42.8; women: 14.8, 13.0-16.5 vs 46.1, 41.2-51.1). Risk of incident diabetes among 20-24-year-old Pima men and women was six times (relative risk (RR), 95% CI: 6.04, 3.30 to 12.0) and seven times (RR, 95% CI: 7.64, 3.73 to 18.2) higher as compared with SA men and women, respectively. In those with BMI <25 kg/m2, however, the risk of diabetes was over five times in SA men than in Pima Indian men. Among those with BMI ≥30 kg/m2, diabetes incidence in SA men was nearly as high as in Pima men. SA and Pima Indians had similar magnitude of association between age, sex, BMI, and insulin secretion with diabetes. The effect of family history was larger in SA, whereas that of insulin resistance was larger in Pima Indians CONCLUSIONS: In the background of relatively low insulin resistance, higher diabetes incidence in SA is driven by poor insulin secretion in SA men. The findings call for research to improve insulin secretion in early natural history of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dimple Kondal
- Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Sayuko Kobes
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | | | - Deepa Mohan
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Natalie Daya
- Center for Teaching and Learning, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Elizabeth Selvin
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Nikhil Tandon
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Robert Hanson
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Viswanathan Mohan
- Diabetology, Dr Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre Gopalapuram, Chennai, India
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Chen Z, Jiang S, Wang Y, Khan MM, Zhang D, Rajbhandari-Thapa J, Li L. Pharmacoeconomics of obesity in China: a scoping review. Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res 2021; 21:173-181. [PMID: 33496208 DOI: 10.1080/14737167.2021.1882306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Background: With the growing rate of obesity and associated chronic conditions in China, there is a need to assess the health and economic burdens of obesity and examine the effectiveness of pharmaceutical, medical, and comprehensive weight-loss interventions.Areas covered: This article reviewed publications retrieved from PubMed and Google Scholar during 2010-2020 on pharmacoeconomic studies related to overweight and obesity in China. We identified five cost-of-illness studies and four cost-effectiveness analyses of weight-loss interventions, including bariatric surgeries and a comprehensive intervention program.Expert opinion: There is a lack of pharmacoeconomic analyses of obesity in China. Existing studies have often taken the health system perspective without accounting for productivity loss. Cohort studies and studies based on electronic health records or claims data are needed to provide the epidemiologic parameters required for homegrown economic evaluations of the health and economic burdens of obesity in China, as well as the cost-effectiveness of interventions to reduce obesity and its sequela.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Chen
- Department of Health Policy and Management, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA.,School of Economics, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shan Jiang
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Youfa Wang
- Global Health Institute and School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - M Mahmud Khan
- Department of Health Policy and Management, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Donglan Zhang
- Department of Health Policy and Management, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Janani Rajbhandari-Thapa
- Department of Health Policy and Management, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Li Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
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Landini A, Yu S, Gnecchi‐Ruscone GA, Abondio P, Ojeda‐Granados C, Sarno S, De Fanti S, Gentilini D, Di Blasio AM, Jin H, Nguyen TT, Romeo G, Prata C, Bortolini E, Luiselli D, Pettener D, Sazzini M. Genomic adaptations to cereal-based diets contribute to mitigate metabolic risk in some human populations of East Asian ancestry. Evol Appl 2021; 14:297-313. [PMID: 33664777 PMCID: PMC7896717 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Adoption of diets based on some cereals, especially on rice, signified an iconic change in nutritional habits for many Asian populations and a relevant challenge for their capability to maintain glucose homeostasis. Indeed, rice shows the highest carbohydrates content and glycemic index among the domesticated cereals and its usual ingestion represents a potential risk factor for developing insulin resistance and related metabolic diseases. Nevertheless, type 2 diabetes and obesity epidemiological patterns differ among Asian populations that rely on rice as a staple food, with higher diabetes prevalence and increased levels of central adiposity observed in people of South Asian ancestry rather than in East Asians. This may be at least partly due to the fact that populations from East Asian regions where wild rice or other cereals such as millet have been already consumed before their cultivation and/or were early domesticated have relied on these nutritional resources for a period long enough to have possibly evolved biological adaptations that counteract their detrimental side effects. To test such a hypothesis, we compared adaptive evolution of these populations with that of control groups from regions where the adoption of cereal-based diets occurred many thousand years later and which were identified from a genome-wide dataset including 2,379 individuals from 124 East Asian and South Asian populations. This revealed selective sweeps and polygenic adaptive mechanisms affecting functional pathways involved in fatty acids metabolism, cholesterol/triglycerides biosynthesis from carbohydrates, regulation of glucose homeostasis, and production of retinoic acid in Chinese Han and Tujia ethnic groups, as well as in people of Korean and Japanese ancestry. Accordingly, long-standing rice- and/or millet-based diets have possibly contributed to trigger the evolution of such biological adaptations, which might represent one of the factors that play a role in mitigating the metabolic risk of these East Asian populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Landini
- Laboratory of Molecular Anthropology & Centre for Genome BiologyDepartment of Biological, Geological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of BolognaBolognaItaly
- Centre for Global Health ResearchUsher Institute of Population Health Sciences and InformaticsUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Shaobo Yu
- Laboratory of Molecular Anthropology & Centre for Genome BiologyDepartment of Biological, Geological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | | | - Paolo Abondio
- Laboratory of Molecular Anthropology & Centre for Genome BiologyDepartment of Biological, Geological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Claudia Ojeda‐Granados
- Laboratory of Molecular Anthropology & Centre for Genome BiologyDepartment of Biological, Geological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of BolognaBolognaItaly
- Department of Molecular Biology in MedicineCivil Hospital of Guadalajara “Fray Antonio Alcalde” and Health Sciences CenterUniversity of GuadalajaraGuadalajaraMexico
| | - Stefania Sarno
- Laboratory of Molecular Anthropology & Centre for Genome BiologyDepartment of Biological, Geological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Sara De Fanti
- Interdepartmental Centre Alma Mater Research Institute on Global Challenges and Climate ChangeUniversity of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Davide Gentilini
- Department of Brain and Behavioral SciencesUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly
- Italian Auxologic Institute IRCCSCusano Milanino, MilanItaly
| | | | - Hanjun Jin
- Department of Biological SciencesCollege of Natural ScienceDankook UniversityCheonanSouth Korea
| | | | - Giovanni Romeo
- Medical Genetics UnitS. Orsola HospitalUniversity of BolognaBolognaItaly
- European School of Genetic MedicineItaly
| | - Cecilia Prata
- Department of Pharmacy and BiotechnologyUniversity of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | | | - Donata Luiselli
- Department of Cultural HeritageUniversity of BolognaRavennaItaly
| | - Davide Pettener
- Laboratory of Molecular Anthropology & Centre for Genome BiologyDepartment of Biological, Geological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Marco Sazzini
- Laboratory of Molecular Anthropology & Centre for Genome BiologyDepartment of Biological, Geological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of BolognaBolognaItaly
- Interdepartmental Centre Alma Mater Research Institute on Global Challenges and Climate ChangeUniversity of BolognaBolognaItaly
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45
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Jayanthi R, Girijasivam SP, Gaur A. Association of blood pressure and BMI to corrected QT interval in young adults. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2021; 99:894-899. [PMID: 33517855 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2020-0520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is often associated with obesity. Uncontrolled hypertension can lead to uncorrected cardiac dysautonomia that makes cardiac repolarization abnormally prolonged. Modern dietary habits, stress, and bad lifestyle habits make young adults vulnerable to hazards of health. We planned to study the association of body mass index (BMI) and blood pressure (BP) with corrected QT (QTc) intervals in young adults. After obtaining the written informed consent, 171 subjects were randomly selected in the age group of 18-35 years. A general history and physical examination were done before recording the BMI and BP. A 12-lead electrocardiogram was recorded and QTc calculated using Bazett's formula. The values obtained were compared and statistical analysis done. Of the 171 subjects 14.03% were hypertensive. The QTc interval was found to be prolonged in females and it is prolonged with age, BMI, and BP. QTc was significantly increased among the prehypertensive and hypertensive group and with the overweight and (or) obese BMI group compared with the normotensives and normal BMI group suggesting an altered autonomic homeostasis. This warrants lifestyle modification at a younger age to reduce the cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramkumar Jayanthi
- Department of Physiology, Chengalpattu Medical College, Chengalpattu, India
| | | | - Archana Gaur
- Department of Physiology, AIIMS Jodhpur, Jodhpur, India
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46
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Lee SR, Choi EK, Jung JH, Park SH, Han KD, Oh S, Lip GYH. Body Mass Index and Clinical Outcomes in Asian Patients With Atrial Fibrillation Receiving Oral Anticoagulation. Stroke 2021; 52:521-530. [PMID: 33423512 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.120.030356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The influence of body mass index (BMI) on clinical outcomes in patients with atrial fibrillation remains controversial, especially among Asians. We aimed to evaluate the association between BMI and clinical outcomes in Asian patients with atrial fibrillation receiving oral anticoagulants. METHODS Using the Korean National Health Insurance database between January 2015 and December 2017, we identified oral anticoagulant new users among patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation who had BMI information. We analyzed ischemic stroke, intracranial hemorrhage, hospitalization for gastrointestinal bleeding, major bleeding, all-cause death, and the composite clinical outcome according to BMI categories. RESULTS A total of 43 173 patients were included across BMI categories (kg/m2): underweight (<18.5) in 3%, normal (18.5 to <23) in 28%, overweight (23 to <25) in 24%, obese I (25 to <30) in 39%, and obese II (≥30) in 6%. Higher BMI (per 5 kg/m2 increase) was significantly associated with lower risks of ischemic stroke (hazard ratio [HR], 0.891 [95% CI, 0.801-0.992]), hospitalization for gastrointestinal bleeding (HR, 0.785 [95% CI, 0.658-0.937]), major bleeding (HR, 0.794 [95% CI, 0.686-0.919]), all-cause death (HR, 0.658 [95% CI, 0.605-0.716]), and the composite clinical outcome (HR, 0.751 [95% CI, 0.706-0.799]), except for intracranial hemorrhage (HR, 0.815 [95% CI, 0.627-1.061]). The underweight group was associated with an increased risk of composite clinical outcome (HR, 1.398 [95% CI, 1.170-1.671]), mainly driven by an increased risk of all-cause death. The effects of non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant versus warfarin on clinical outcomes were similar across BMI groups. CONCLUSIONS Higher BMI was independently associated with a lower risk of ischemic stroke, major bleeding, and better survival. Underweight patients had a higher risk of all-cause death and composite clinical outcome. The optimal BMI for patients with atrial fibrillation should be defined and managed according to an integrated care pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Ryoung Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Republic of Korea (S.-R.L., E.-K.C., S.O.)
| | - Eue-Keun Choi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Republic of Korea (S.-R.L., E.-K.C., S.O.).,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Republic of Korea (E.-K.C., S.O., G.Y.H.L.)
| | - Jin-Hyung Jung
- Department of Medical Statistics, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.-H.J., S.-H.P.)
| | - Sang-Hyun Park
- Department of Medical Statistics, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.-H.J., S.-H.P.)
| | - Kyung-Do Han
- Statistics and Actuarial Science, Soongsil University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (K.-D.H.)
| | - Seil Oh
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Republic of Korea (S.-R.L., E.-K.C., S.O.).,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Republic of Korea (E.-K.C., S.O., G.Y.H.L.)
| | - Gregory Y H Lip
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Republic of Korea (E.-K.C., S.O., G.Y.H.L.).,Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool and Liverpool Chest and Heart Hospital, United Kingdom (G.Y.H.L.).,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Denmark (G.Y.H.L.)
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Leffler CT, Ing E, Lykins JD, Hogan MC, McKeown CA, Grzybowski A. Association of Country-wide Coronavirus Mortality with Demographics, Testing, Lockdowns, and Public Wearing of Masks. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2020; 103:2400-2411. [PMID: 33124541 PMCID: PMC7695060 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-1015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied sources of variation between countries in per-capita mortality from COVID-19 (caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus). Potential predictors of per-capita coronavirus-related mortality in 200 countries by May 9, 2020 were examined, including age, gender, obesity prevalence, temperature, urbanization, smoking, duration of the outbreak, lockdowns, viral testing, contact-tracing policies, and public mask-wearing norms and policies. Multivariable linear regression analysis was performed. In univariate analysis, the prevalence of smoking, per-capita gross domestic product, urbanization, and colder average country temperature were positively associated with coronavirus-related mortality. In a multivariable analysis of 196 countries, the duration of the outbreak in the country, and the proportion of the population aged 60 years or older were positively associated with per-capita mortality, whereas duration of mask-wearing by the public was negatively associated with mortality (all P < 0.001). Obesity and less stringent international travel restrictions were independently associated with mortality in a model which controlled for testing policy. Viral testing policies and levels were not associated with mortality. Internal lockdown was associated with a nonsignificant 2.4% reduction in mortality each week (P = 0.83). The association of contact-tracing policy with mortality was not statistically significant (P = 0.06). In countries with cultural norms or government policies supporting public mask-wearing, per-capita coronavirus mortality increased on average by just 16.2% each week, as compared with 61.9% each week in remaining countries. Societal norms and government policies supporting the wearing of masks by the public, as well as international travel controls, are independently associated with lower per-capita mortality from COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher T. Leffler
- Department of Ophthalmology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Edsel Ing
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joseph D. Lykins
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Matthew C. Hogan
- School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Craig A. McKeown
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Andrzej Grzybowski
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
- Institute for Research in Ophthalmology, Poznan, Poland
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Gupta RD, Haider MR, Das S. Factors and Inequality of Underweight and Overweight among Women of Reproductive Age in Myanmar: Evidence from the Demographic Health Survey 2015-2016. EPIDEMIOLGIA (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 1:31-43. [PMID: 36417210 PMCID: PMC9620888 DOI: 10.3390/epidemiologia1010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: This study aims to identify the factors of underweight and overweight/obesity among reproductive age (15-49 years) women in Myanmar, and assess the level of inequity in the double burden of malnutrition. (2) Methods: The study used Myanmar Demographic and Health Survey 2015-2016 data. Multinomial logistic regression models were fitted to identify the factors affecting underweight and overweight/obesity; and concentration indices (CI) were estimated to assess socioeconomic inequalities. (3) Results: A total of 12,643 reproductive age women were included in the analysis. Higher risk of underweight was found in women aged 20-29 years, aged 30-39 years, and 40-49 years compared to women aged 15-19 years; women who were unemployed or had manual occupation relative to those in non-manual employment. Women aged 40-49 years (compared to those who were 15-29 years); had primary education, and secondary education (compared to those who had no education); being married, and widowed/divorced/separated (compared to being never married); belonging to the poor quintile, middle quintile, richer, richest quintile (compared to the poorest quintile); having residence in urban areas (compared to rural areas) and in Kachin, Taninthayi, Yangon province (than those who lived in Naypytiaw province) had a higher risk of being overweight/obese. Socioeconomic inequalities were detected, with overweight/obesity strongly concentrated (CI: 0.19) amongst the higher quintiles and underweight concentrated (CI: -0.060) amongst the poorest. (4) Conclusions: Equity oriented nutrition interventions with a focus on improving the socioeconomic status of poor households may benefit undernourished women, while richer households should be focused to curb the overweight/obesity problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajat Das Gupta
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA;
| | - Mohammad Rifat Haider
- Department of Social and Public Health, College of Health Sciences and Professions, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-740-566-8015
| | - Subhasish Das
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), 68 Shaheed Tajudddin Ahmed Sarani, Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh;
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Kim NY, Lee HS, Lee KY, Jeon S, Choi SY, Joo HJ, Kim JE, Kim SY. Impact of BMI on Complications of Gastric Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection. Dig Dis 2020; 39:301-309. [PMID: 33166954 DOI: 10.1159/000512899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) has a high rate of complications. However, it is unclear whether BMI affects ESD complications. We aimed to investigate the impact of BMI on ESD complications. METHODS A total of 7,263 patients who underwent gastric ESD were classified into 3 groups according to the Asia-Pacific classification of BMI: normal (BMI <23 kg/m2, n = 2,466), overweight (BMI 23-24.9 kg/m2, n = 2,117), and obese (BMI ≥25 kg/m2, n = 2,680). Adjusted logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess the association between BMI and ESD complications. RESULTS Compared to the normal group, a lower incidence of perforation and a higher incidence of pneumonia and leukocytosis were found in the overweight and obese groups, and intra-ESD desaturation and hypertension were more frequent in the obese group. After adjustment for confounders, the risk of perforation significantly decreased in the overweight (odds ratio [OR] = 0.24, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.17-0.33) and obese (OR = 0.12, 95% CI: 0.08-0.18) groups compared to that in the normal group. Meanwhile, the risk of pneumonia significantly increased in the overweight (OR = 11.04, 95% CI: 6.31-19.31) and obese (OR = 10.71, 95% CI: 6.14-18.66) groups compared to the normal group. During sedation, the obese group had a significantly increased risk of desaturation (OR = 2.81, 95% CI: 1.18-6.69) and hypertension (OR = 1.35, 95% CI: 1.11-1.63) compared to the normal group. CONCLUSIONS High BMI was significantly associated with ESD complications. More caution is needed in cases of obese patients undergoing ESD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Young Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Anesthesia and Pain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Sun Lee
- Department of Research Affairs, Biostatistics Collaboration Unit, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Young Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Anesthesia and Pain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyoung Jeon
- Department of Research Affairs, Biostatistics Collaboration Unit, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Yeon Choi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Anesthesia and Pain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Ji Joo
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Anesthesia and Pain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Eun Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - So Yeon Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Anesthesia and Pain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea,
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50
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Liew A, Bavanandan S, Prasad N, Wong MG, Chang JM, Eiam-Ong S, Hao CM, Lim CY, Lim SK, Oh KH, Okada H, Susantitaphong P, Lydia A, Tran HTB, Villanueva R, Yeo SC, Tang SCW. ASIAN PACIFIC SOCIETY OF NEPHROLOGY CLINICAL PRACTICE GUIDELINE ON DIABETIC KIDNEY DISEASE. Nephrology (Carlton) 2020; 25 Suppl 2:12-45. [PMID: 33111477 DOI: 10.1111/nep.13785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Liew
- The Kidney & Transplant Practice, Mount Elizabeth Novena Hospital, Singapore
| | | | - Narayan Prasad
- Department of Nephrology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Muh Geot Wong
- Department of Renal Medicine, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia.,Division of Renal and Metabolic, The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jer Ming Chang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Somchai Eiam-Ong
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chuan-Ming Hao
- Division of Nephrology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Soo Kun Lim
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kook-Hwan Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hirokazu Okada
- Department of Nephrology, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Paweena Susantitaphong
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Aida Lydia
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia-Dr Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Huong Thi Bich Tran
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | | | - See Cheng Yeo
- Department of Renal Medicine, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
| | - Sydney C W Tang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
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