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Walzik D, Wences Chirino TY, Zimmer P, Joisten N. Molecular insights of exercise therapy in disease prevention and treatment. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:138. [PMID: 38806473 PMCID: PMC11133400 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01841-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite substantial evidence emphasizing the pleiotropic benefits of exercise for the prevention and treatment of various diseases, the underlying biological mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. Several exercise benefits have been attributed to signaling molecules that are released in response to exercise by different tissues such as skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, adipose, and liver tissue. These signaling molecules, which are collectively termed exerkines, form a heterogenous group of bioactive substances, mediating inter-organ crosstalk as well as structural and functional tissue adaption. Numerous scientific endeavors have focused on identifying and characterizing new biological mediators with such properties. Additionally, some investigations have focused on the molecular targets of exerkines and the cellular signaling cascades that trigger adaption processes. A detailed understanding of the tissue-specific downstream effects of exerkines is crucial to harness the health-related benefits mediated by exercise and improve targeted exercise programs in health and disease. Herein, we review the current in vivo evidence on exerkine-induced signal transduction across multiple target tissues and highlight the preventive and therapeutic value of exerkine signaling in various diseases. By emphasizing different aspects of exerkine research, we provide a comprehensive overview of (i) the molecular underpinnings of exerkine secretion, (ii) the receptor-dependent and receptor-independent signaling cascades mediating tissue adaption, and (iii) the clinical implications of these mechanisms in disease prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Walzik
- Division of Performance and Health (Sports Medicine), Institute for Sport and Sport Science, TU Dortmund University, 44227, Dortmund, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Tiffany Y Wences Chirino
- Division of Performance and Health (Sports Medicine), Institute for Sport and Sport Science, TU Dortmund University, 44227, Dortmund, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Philipp Zimmer
- Division of Performance and Health (Sports Medicine), Institute for Sport and Sport Science, TU Dortmund University, 44227, Dortmund, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.
| | - Niklas Joisten
- Division of Performance and Health (Sports Medicine), Institute for Sport and Sport Science, TU Dortmund University, 44227, Dortmund, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.
- Division of Exercise and Movement Science, Institute for Sport Science, University of Göttingen, 37075, Göttingen, Lower Saxony, Germany.
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2
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Bhaskari J, Bhagat R, Shilpa V, Premalata CS, Krishnamoorthy L. Pre-operative plasma VEGF-C levels portend recurrence in epithelial ovarian cancer patients and is a bankable prognostic marker even in the initial assessment of a patient. J Ovarian Res 2024; 17:77. [PMID: 38594780 PMCID: PMC11003002 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-024-01398-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Our explorative study assessed a panel of molecules for their association with epithelial ovarian carcinomas and their prognostic implications. The panel included tissue expression of VEGF-C, COX-2, Ki-67 and eNOS alongside plasma levels of VEGF-C and nitric oxide. METHODS 130 cases were enrolled in the study. Plasma levels were quantified by ELISA and tissue expressions were scored by immunohistochemistry. The Chi square and Fischer's exact test were applied to examine the impact of markers on clinicopathological factors. Non-parametric Spearman's rank correlation test was applied to define the association among test factors. RESULTS Plasma VEGF-C levels and COX-2 tissue expression strongly predicted recurrence and poor prognosis (< 0.001). Tissue Ki-67 was strongly indicative of late-stage disease (< 0.001). The aforementioned markers significantly associated with clinicopathological factors. Nuclear staining of VEGF-C was intriguing and was observed to correlate with high grade-stage malignancies, highly elevated plasma VEGF-C, and with recurrence. eNOS tissue expression showed no significant impact while nitric oxide associated positively with ascites levels. Tissue expression of VEGF-C did not associate significantly with poor prognosis although the expression was highly upregulated in most of the cases. CONCLUSION Plasma VEGF-C holds immense promise as a prognostic marker and the nuclear staining of VEGF-C seems to have some significant implication in molecular carcinogenesis and is a novel finding that commands further robust scrutiny. We present a first such study that assesses a set of biomarkers for prognostic implications in clinical management of epithelial ovarian carcinomas in a pan-Indian (Asian) population.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Bhaskari
- Department of Biochemistry, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, GKVK campus, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Rahul Bhagat
- Department of Biochemistry, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
- Oncostem Diagnostic Pvt Ltd, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - V Shilpa
- Department of Biochemistry, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Shankara Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Bangalore, 560004, Karnataka, India
| | - C S Premalata
- Department of Pathology, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Lakshmi Krishnamoorthy
- Department of Biochemistry, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Shankara Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Bangalore, 560004, Karnataka, India.
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O’Neill CE, Sun K, Sundararaman S, Chang JC, Glynn SA. The impact of nitric oxide on HER family post-translational modification and downstream signaling in cancer. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1358850. [PMID: 38601214 PMCID: PMC11004480 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1358850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER) family consists of four members, activated by two families of ligands. They are known for mediating cell-cell interactions in organogenesis, and their deregulation has been associated with various cancers, including breast and esophageal cancers. In particular, aberrant epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and HER2 signaling drive disease progression and result in poorer patient outcomes. Nitric oxide (NO) has been proposed as an alternative activator of the HER family and may play a role in this aberrant activation due to its ability to induce s-nitrosation and phosphorylation of the EGFR. This review discusses the potential impact of NO on HER family activation and downstream signaling, along with its role in the efficacy of therapeutics targeting the family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciara E. O’Neill
- Lambe Institute for Translational Research, Discipline of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Kai Sun
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
- Dr Mary and Ron Neal Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | | | - Jenny C. Chang
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
- Dr Mary and Ron Neal Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Sharon A. Glynn
- Lambe Institute for Translational Research, Discipline of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
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Song YH, Lei HX, Yu D, Zhu H, Hao MZ, Cui RH, Meng XS, Sheng XH, Zhang L. Endogenous chemicals guard health through inhibiting ferroptotic cell death. Biofactors 2024; 50:266-293. [PMID: 38059412 DOI: 10.1002/biof.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a new form of regulated cell death caused by iron-dependent accumulation of lethal polyunsaturated phospholipids peroxidation. It has received considerable attention owing to its putative involvement in a wide range of pathophysiological processes such as organ injury, cardiac ischemia/reperfusion, degenerative disease and its prevalence in plants, invertebrates, yeasts, bacteria, and archaea. To counter ferroptosis, living organisms have evolved a myriad of intrinsic efficient defense systems, such as cyst(e)ine-glutathione-glutathione peroxidase 4 system (cyst(e)ine-GPX4 system), guanosine triphosphate cyclohydrolase 1/tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) system (GCH1/BH4 system), ferroptosis suppressor protein 1/coenzyme Q10 system (FSP1/CoQ10 system), and so forth. Among these, GPX4 serves as the only enzymatic protection system through the reduction of lipid hydroperoxides, while other defense systems ultimately rely on small compounds to scavenge lipid radicals and prevent ferroptotic cell death. In this article, we systematically summarize the chemical biology of lipid radical trapping process by endogenous chemicals, such as coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), BH4, hydropersulfides, vitamin K, vitamin E, 7-dehydrocholesterol, with the aim of guiding the discovery of novel ferroptosis inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Hao Song
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Hong-Xu Lei
- Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dou Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Hao Zhu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Meng-Zhu Hao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Rong-Hua Cui
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiang-Shuai Meng
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Xie-Huang Sheng
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Jinan, China
- Department of Radiology, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Jinan, China
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Engin A. Endothelial Dysfunction in Obesity and Therapeutic Targets. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1460:489-538. [PMID: 39287863 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-63657-8_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
Parallel to the increasing prevalence of obesity in the world, the mortality from cardiovascular disease has also increased. Low-grade chronic inflammation in obesity disrupts vascular homeostasis, and the dysregulation of adipocyte-derived endocrine and paracrine effects contributes to endothelial dysfunction. Besides the adipose tissue inflammation, decreased nitric oxide (NO)-bioavailability, insulin resistance (IR), and oxidized low-density lipoproteins (oxLDLs) are the main factors contributing to endothelial dysfunction in obesity and the development of cardiorenal metabolic syndrome. While normal healthy perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) ensures the dilation of blood vessels, obesity-associated PVAT leads to a change in the profile of the released adipo-cytokines, resulting in a decreased vasorelaxing effect. Higher stiffness parameter β, increased oxidative stress, upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP) oxidase in PVAT turn the macrophages into pro-atherogenic phenotypes by oxLDL-induced adipocyte-derived exosome-macrophage crosstalk and contribute to the endothelial dysfunction. In clinical practice, carotid ultrasound, higher leptin levels correlate with irisin over-secretion by human visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues, and remnant cholesterol (RC) levels predict atherosclerotic disease in obesity. As a novel therapeutic strategy for cardiovascular protection, liraglutide improves vascular dysfunction by modulating a cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-independent protein kinase A (PKA)-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway in PVAT in obese individuals. Because the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) activity, hyperinsulinemia, and the resultant IR play key roles in the progression of cardiovascular disease in obesity, RAAS-targeted therapies contribute to improving endothelial dysfunction. By contrast, arginase reciprocally inhibits NO formation and promotes oxidative stress. Thus, targeting arginase activity as a key mediator in endothelial dysfunction has therapeutic potential in obesity-related vascular comorbidities. Obesity-related endothelial dysfunction plays a pivotal role in the progression of type 2 diabetes (T2D). The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) agonist, rosiglitazone (thiazolidinedione), is a popular drug for treating diabetes; however, it leads to increased cardiovascular risk. Selective sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitor empagliflozin (EMPA) significantly improves endothelial dysfunction and mortality occurring through redox-dependent mechanisms. Although endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress are alleviated by either metformin or EMPA, currently used drugs to treat obesity-related diabetes neither possess the same anti-inflammatory potential nor simultaneously target endothelial cell dysfunction and obesity equally. While therapeutic interventions with glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist liraglutide or bariatric surgery reverse regenerative cell exhaustion, support vascular repair mechanisms, and improve cardiometabolic risk in individuals with T2D and obesity, the GLP-1 analog exendin-4 attenuates endothelial endoplasmic reticulum stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atilla Engin
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of General Surgery, Gazi University, Besevler, Ankara, Turkey.
- Mustafa Kemal Mah. 2137. Sok. 8/14, 06520, Cankaya, Ankara, Turkey.
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Tong Y, Zuo Z, Li X, Li M, Wang Z, Guo X, Wang X, Sun Y, Chen D, Zhang Z. Protective role of perivascular adipose tissue in the cardiovascular system. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1296778. [PMID: 38155947 PMCID: PMC10753176 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1296778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This review provides an overview of the key role played by perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) in the protection of cardiovascular health. PVAT is a specific type of adipose tissue that wraps around blood vessels and has recently emerged as a critical factor for maintenance of vascular health. Through a profound exploration of existing research, this review sheds light on the intricate structural composition and cellular origins of PVAT, with a particular emphasis on combining its regulatory functions for vascular tone, inflammation, oxidative stress, and endothelial function. The review then delves into the intricate mechanisms by which PVAT exerts its protective effects, including the secretion of diverse adipokines and manipulation of the renin-angiotensin complex. The review further examines the alterations in PVAT function and phenotype observed in several cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, hypertension, and heart failure. Recognizing the complex interactions of PVAT with the cardiovascular system is critical for pursuing breakthrough therapeutic strategies that can target cardiovascular disease. Therefore, this review aims to augment present understanding of the protective role of PVAT in cardiovascular health, with a special emphasis on elucidating potential mechanisms and paving the way for future research directions in this evolving field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Tong
- Center for Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zheng Zuo
- Center for Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xinqi Li
- Center for Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Minghua Li
- Center for Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhenggui Wang
- Center for Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaoxue Guo
- Center for Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xishu Wang
- Center for Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Center for Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dongmei Chen
- Center for Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- Center for Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Zheng SY, Shao X, Qi Z, Yan M, Tao MH, Wu XM, Zhang L, Ma J, Li A, Chang MX. Zebrafish nos2a benefits bacterial proliferation via suppressing ROS and inducing NO production to impair the expressions of inflammatory cytokines and antibacterial genes. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 142:109178. [PMID: 37863126 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
The enzyme nitric oxide synthase 2 or inducible NOS (NOS2), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) are important participants in various inflammatory and immune responses. However, the functional significances of the correlations among piscine NOS2, ROS and NO during pathogen infection remain unclear. In teleost, there are two nos2 genes (nos2a and nos2b). It has been previously reported that zebrafish nos2a behaves as a classical inducible NOS, and nos2b exerts some functions similar to mammalian NOS3. In the present study, we reported the functional characterization of zebrafish nos2a during bacterial infection. We found that zebrafish nos2a promoted bacterial proliferation, accompanied by an increased susceptibility to Edwardsiella piscicida infection. The nagative regulation of zebrafish nos2a during E. piscicida infection was characterized by the impaired ROS levels, the induced NO production and the decreased expressions of proinflammatory cytokines, antibacterial genes and oxidant factors. Furthermore, although both inducing ROS and inhibiting NO production significantly inhibited bacterial proliferation, only inhibiting NO production but not inducing ROS significantly increased resistance to E. piscicida infection. More importantly, ROS supplementation and inhibition of NO completely abolished this detrimental consequence mediated by zebrafish nos2a during E. piscicida infection. All together, these results firstly demonstrate that the innate response mediated by zebrafish nos2a in promoting bacterial proliferation is dependent on the lower ROS level and higher NO production. The present study also reveals that inhibition of NO can be effective in the protection against E. piscicida infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Yao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Xinbin Shao
- Zhejiang Mariculture Research Institute, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325005, China
| | - Zhitao Qi
- School of Marine and Bioengineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224051, China
| | - Maocang Yan
- Zhejiang Mariculture Research Institute, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325005, China
| | - Min Hui Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Xiao Man Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Lining Zhang
- Zhejiang Mariculture Research Institute, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325005, China
| | - Jianzhong Ma
- Zhejiang Mariculture Research Institute, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325005, China
| | - An Li
- Zhejiang Mariculture Research Institute, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325005, China.
| | - Ming Xian Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.
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Mohamed MS, Elsherief HAM, Hafez HM, Alsaidan OA, Alzarea SI, AboulMagd AM. Synthesis, antiproliferative activity, and molecular modeling of novel 4-methylcoumarin derivatives and/or nitric oxide donor hybrids. Mol Divers 2023; 27:2133-2146. [PMID: 36272042 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-022-10547-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Two new 4-methylcoumarin derivatives (3a-f and 4a-f) were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their cytotoxic activity. Different spectroscopic methods and elemental analyses confirmed all the synthesized derivatives' characterization. All the prepared compounds were biologically screened against four cancer cell lines (hepatocellular carcinoma HepG-2, colon cancer cell lines HCT-116, breast cancer cell lines MCF-7, and prostate cancer cell lines PC3). The in vitro antiproliferative activity of the target analogues 4b, 4c, 4f, 3b, and 3d against the MCF-7 cancer cell line was significant, with IC50 values of 3.98, 7.80, 10.94, 17.7, and 24.07 μM, respectively. Furthermore, the potent cytotoxic oxime derivative 4b was evaluated for cell cycle analysis showing a significant substantial disruption in cell cycle profile and cell cycle arrest at the S phase boundary with a time-dependent rise in a pre-G cell population, as well as a 22-fold increase in MCF-7 apoptosis compared to control cells. Accordingly, the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, a critical ratio in controlling cell sensitivity to apoptosis, increased upon treatment with the oxime analog 4b. A docking investigation was conducted within the BcL-2 binding site to explore and anticipate the binding modes of the synthesized compounds. Thus, synthesizing these novel coumarin/nitric oxide hybrids may aid in developing promising antiproliferative agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malik Suliman Mohamed
- Department of Pharmaceutics College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Aljouf, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Hany A M Elsherief
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Hani Mohamed Hafez
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Branch, Pharmacy Department, Al-Esraa University College, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Omar Awad Alsaidan
- Department of Pharmaceutics College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Aljouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samil I Alzarea
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Aljouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asmaa M AboulMagd
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University (NUB), Beni Suef, Egypt.
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Cai M, Zhao D, Han X, Han S, Zhang W, Zang Z, Gai C, Rong R, Gao T. The role of perivascular adipose tissue-secreted adipocytokines in cardiovascular disease. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1271051. [PMID: 37822930 PMCID: PMC10562567 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1271051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Perivascular adipose tissue and the vessel wall are connected through intricate bidirectional paracrine and vascular secretory signaling pathways. The secretion of inflammatory factors and oxidative products by the vessel wall in the diseased segment has the ability to influence the phenotype of perivascular adipocytes. Additionally, the secretion of adipokines by perivascular adipose tissue exacerbates the inflammatory response in the diseased vessel wall. Therefore, quantitative and qualitative studies of perivascular adipose tissue are of great value in the context of vascular inflammation and may provide a reference for the assessment of cardiovascular ischemic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meichao Cai
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Dongsheng Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xiao Han
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Shuang Han
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenxin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Zhennan Zang
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Chenchen Gai
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Rong Rong
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Tian Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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Oza PP, Kashfi K. The Triple Crown: NO, CO, and H 2S in cancer cell biology. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 249:108502. [PMID: 37517510 PMCID: PMC10529678 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO), and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) are three endogenously produced gases with important functions in the vasculature, immune defense, and inflammation. It is increasingly apparent that, far from working in isolation, these three exert many effects by modulating each other's activity. Each gas is produced by three enzymes, which have some tissue specificities and can also be non-enzymatically produced by redox reactions of various substrates. Both NO and CO share similar properties, such as activating soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) to increase cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) levels. At the same time, H2S both inhibits phosphodiesterase 5A (PDE5A), an enzyme that metabolizes sGC and exerts redox regulation on sGC. The role of NO, CO, and H2S in the setting of cancer has been quite perplexing, as there is evidence for both tumor-promoting and pro-inflammatory effects and anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory activities. Each gasotransmitter has been found to have dual effects on different aspects of cancer biology, including cancer cell proliferation and apoptosis, invasion and metastasis, angiogenesis, and immunomodulation. These seemingly contradictory actions may relate to each gas having a dual effect dependent on its local flux. In this review, we discuss the major roles of NO, CO, and H2S in the context of cancer, with an effort to highlight the dual nature of each gas in different events occurring during cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palak P Oza
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, Sophie Davis School of Biomedical Education, City University of New York School of Medicine, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - Khosrow Kashfi
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, Sophie Davis School of Biomedical Education, City University of New York School of Medicine, New York, NY 10031, USA; Graduate Program in Biology, City University of New York Graduate Center, New York 10091, USA.
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11
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Chakraborty P, Orvos H, Hermesz E. Molecular Study on Twin Cohort with Discordant Birth Weight. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1370. [PMID: 37507909 PMCID: PMC10376082 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The increased rate of twinning has pointed out newer challenges in clinical practices related to gestational complications, intrauterine growth restriction, perinatal mortality, and comorbidities. As a twin pregnancy progresses, the increased demand for oxygen supply can easily disrupt the redox homeostasis balance and further impose a greater challenge for the developing fetuses. A substantial birth-weight difference acts as an indicator of a deficit in oxygenation or blood flow to one of the fetuses, which might be related to a low bioavailable nitric oxide level. Therefore, in this study, we focused on networks involved in the adjustment of oxygen supply, like the activation of inducible and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS3) along with free radical and lipid peroxide formation in mature twin pairs with high birth-weight differences. The selected parameters were followed by immunofluorescence staining, fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis, and biochemical measurements in the umbilical cord vessels and fetal red blood cells. Based on our data set, it is clear that the lower-weight siblings are markedly exposed to persistent intrauterine hypoxic conditions, which are connected to a decreased level in NOS3 activation. Furthermore, the increased level of peroxynitrite aggravates lipid peroxidation and induces morphological and functional damage and loss in redox homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payal Chakraborty
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, P.O. Box 533, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, JIS University, 81, Nilgunj Road, Kolkata 700109, India
| | - Hajnalka Orvos
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Semmelweis u. 1, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Edit Hermesz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, P.O. Box 533, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary
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12
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Barghchi H, Dehnavi Z, Nattagh-Eshtivani E, Alwaily ER, Almulla AF, Kareem AK, Barati M, Ranjbar G, Mohammadzadeh A, Rahimi P, Pahlavani N. The effects of Chlorella vulgaris on cardiovascular risk factors: A comprehensive review on putative molecular mechanisms. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 162:114624. [PMID: 37018990 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
High incidence rate of cardiovascular disease (CVD) make this condition as an important public health concern. The use of natural products in treating this chronic condition has increased in recent years one of which is the single-celled green alga Chlorella. Chlorella vulgaris (CV) has been studied for its potential benefits to human health due to its biological and pharmacological features. CV contains a variety of macro and micronutrients, including proteins, omega-3, polysaccharides, vitamins, and minerals. Some studies have indicated that taking CV as a dietary supplement can help reduce inflammation and oxidative stress. In some studies, cardiovascular risk factors that are based on hematological indices did not show these benefits, and no molecular mechanisms have been identified. This comprehensive review summarized the research on the cardio-protective benefits of chlorella supplementation and the underlying molecular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanieh Barghchi
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Dehnavi
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Elyas Nattagh-Eshtivani
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Science, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Enas R Alwaily
- Microbiology Research Group, College of Pharmacy, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, Iraq
| | - Abbas F Almulla
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, College of Medical Technology, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
| | - Ali K Kareem
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, 51001, Hillah, Iraq
| | - Mehdi Barati
- Department of Pathobiology and Laboratory Sciences, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Golnaz Ranjbar
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Alireza Mohammadzadeh
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Infectious Diseases Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Pegah Rahimi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Naseh Pahlavani
- Health Sciences Research Center, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran; School of Medical Sciences, Behbahan Faculty of Medical Sciences, Behbahan, Iran.
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13
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Zhu YT, Liang LL, Liu TT, Liang X, Yang JL. Effects of L-arginine on Nitric Oxide Synthesis and Larval Metamorphosis of Mytilus coruscus. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:450. [PMID: 36833378 PMCID: PMC9957169 DOI: 10.3390/genes14020450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the regulatory functions of L-arginine and nitric oxide (NO) on Mytilus coruscus metamorphosis, M. coruscus larvae were exposed to an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), aminoguanidine hemisulfate (AGH), and a substrate for NO synthesis, L-arginine. We observed that NO levels showed a significant increase, and this trend continued with L-arginine treatment. When NOS activity was inhibited, the larvae could not synthesize NO, and metamorphosis was not inhibited even in the presence of L-arginine. On transfecting pediveliger larvae with NOS siRNA followed by L-arginine exposure, we found that the larvae did not produce NO and that the larval metamorphosis rate was significantly increased, suggesting that L-arginine regulates M. coruscus larval metamorphosis by promoting NO synthesis. Our findings improve our understanding of the effects of marine environmental factors on larval metamorphosis of mollusks.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Ting Zhu
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Lin-Li Liang
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Tian-Tian Liu
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Xiao Liang
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Jin-Long Yang
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
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Sesquiterpene Lactones with Anti-Inflammatory Activity from the Halophyte Sonchus brachyotus DC. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041518. [PMID: 36838505 PMCID: PMC9964369 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
There were five sesquiterpene lactones, belonging to the eudesmanolide class, isolated from the halophyte Sonchus brachyotus DC. The structures of the compounds were determined using spectroscopic methods, including 1D and 2D NMR spectra, MS data, and optical rotation values. Compounds 4 and 5 were characterized by the position of p-hydroxyphenylacetyl group in the sugar moiety. In the evaluation of anti-inflammatory effects on LPS-activated RAW264.7 macrophages, compound 1, 5α,6βH-eudesma-3,11(13)-dien-12,6α-olide, potently suppressed the expression of iNOS and COS-2, as well as the production of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10. Treatment of 1 regulates the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.
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Omar M, Abdelal HO. Nitric oxide in parasitic infections: a friend or foe? J Parasit Dis 2022; 46:1147-1163. [PMID: 36457767 PMCID: PMC9606182 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-022-01518-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The complex interaction between the host and the parasite remains a puzzling question. Control of parasitic infections requires an efficient immune response that must be balanced against destructive pathological consequences. Nitric oxide is a nitrogenous free radical which has many molecular targets and serves diverse functions. Apart from being a signaling messenger, nitric oxide is critical for controlling numerous infections. There is still controversy surrounding the exact role of nitric oxide in the immune response against different parasitic species. It proved protective against intracellular protozoa, as well as extracellular helminths. At the same time, it plays a pivotal role in stimulating detrimental pathological changes in the infected hosts. Several reports have discussed the anti-parasitic and immunoregulatory functions of nitric oxide, which could directly influence the control of the infection. Nevertheless, there is scarce literature addressing the harmful cytotoxic impacts of this mediator. Thus, this review provides insights into the most updated concepts and controversies regarding the dual nature and opposing sides of nitric oxide during the course of different parasitic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Omar
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Gameyet Almohafza St. 1, Menya Al-Kamh, City of Zagazig, 44511 Sharkia Governorate Egypt
| | - Heba O. Abdelal
- LIS: Cross-National Data Center, Maison des Sciences Humaines - 5e étage, 11- porte des Sciences, L-4366 Esch-Belval, Luxembourg
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16
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The role of nitric oxide in sepsis-associated kidney injury. Biosci Rep 2022; 42:231441. [PMID: 35722824 PMCID: PMC9274646 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20220093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is one of the leading causes of acute kidney injury (AKI), and several mechanisms including microcirculatory alterations, oxidative stress, and endothelial cell dysfunction are involved. Nitric oxide (NO) is one of the common elements to all these mechanisms. Although all three nitric oxide synthase (NOS) isoforms are constitutively expressed within the kidneys, they contribute in different ways to nitrergic signaling. While the endothelial (eNOS) and neuronal (nNOS) isoforms are likely to be the main sources of NO under basal conditions and participate in the regulation of renal hemodynamics, the inducible isoform (iNOS) is dramatically increased in conditions such as sepsis. The overexpression of iNOS in the renal cortex causes a shunting of blood to this region, with consequent medullary ischemia in sepsis. Differences in the vascular reactivity among different vascular beds may also help to explain renal failure in this condition. While most of the vessels present vasoplegia and do not respond to vasoconstrictors, renal microcirculation behaves differently from nonrenal vascular beds, displaying similar constrictor responses in control and septic conditions. The selective inhibition of iNOS, without affecting other isoforms, has been described as the ideal scenario. However, iNOS is also constitutively expressed in the kidneys and the NO produced by this isoform is important for immune defense. In this sense, instead of a direct iNOS inhibition, targeting the NO effectors such as guanylate cyclase, potassium channels, peroxynitrite, and S-nitrosothiols, may be a more interesting approach in sepsis-AKI and further investigation is warranted.
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17
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Sun M, Ma N, Liu H, Liu Y, Zhou Y, Zhao J, Wang X, Li H, Ma B, Jiao H, Lin H. The optimal dietary arginine level of laying hens fed with low-protein diets. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2022; 13:63. [PMID: 35715827 PMCID: PMC9206374 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-022-00719-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Arginine (Arg) is an essential amino acid (EAA) in poultry, an important substrate for protein synthesis and a precursor of several molecules. Supplementation of EAAs with low protein (LP) diet increases the utilization efficiency of dietary crude protein (CP). However, if the EAA requirement is changed in hens fed a LP diet remains to be elucidated. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the optimal level of dietary Arg in the LP diet of hens. A total of 1350 Hy-Line Brown laying hens were randomly allocated to six dietary treatments: a basal diet (16% CP, positive control), or an isoenergetic LP diet (14% CP, 0.80% Arg) supplemented 0, 0.05%, 0.10%, 0.15%, and 0.20% L-Arg, corresponding to 0.80%, 0.85%, 0.90%, 0.95% and 1.00% dietary Arg, respectively. Results The feed efficiency was decreased (P < 0.05) by 0.80% and 1.00% Arg-LP diets, compared to control. Within LP diets, dietary Arg level had significant quadratic effects (P < 0.05) on laying rate, egg mass, and feed efficiency. Compared to control, the plasma CAT activity or T-AOC content were decreased by 0.80% (P < 0.001). However, the hens offered 0.85% and 0.90% Arg-LP diets had higher CAT activity (P < 0.001) than 0.80% Arg-LP diet. In contrast, 1.00% Arg-LP group had the highest MDA and the lowest T-AOC content in plasma, liver, duodenal and jejunal mucosa (P < 0.05). Compared to control, the villus height was decreased by 0.80%, 0.95% and 1.00% Arg-LP diets, while the villus height to crypt depth (V/C) ratio was reduced by 0.95% and 1.00% Arg-LP diets in duodenum. Conclusion The result demonstrates that LP diet (14% CP) deficient in Arg (0.80% Arg) result in augmented oxidative damage and impaired development of intestinal mucosa. According to the quadratic broken-line regression model, the optimal dietary arginine levels for Hy-Line Brown laying hens fed with low protein diet (14% CP) aged 33 to 40 weeks are 0.85%, 0.86%, and 0.86% to obtained the maximum laying rate, egg mass, and feed efficiency, respectively. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40104-022-00719-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingfa Sun
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, 61 Daizong Street, Taian City, 271018, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ning Ma
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, 61 Daizong Street, Taian City, 271018, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, 61 Daizong Street, Taian City, 271018, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, 61 Daizong Street, Taian City, 271018, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yunlei Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, 271018, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jingpeng Zhao
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, 61 Daizong Street, Taian City, 271018, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiaojuan Wang
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, 61 Daizong Street, Taian City, 271018, Shandong Province, China
| | - Haifang Li
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, 271018, Shandong Province, China
| | - Baishun Ma
- Shandong He-Mei-Hua Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd, Jinan City, 250101, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hongchao Jiao
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, 61 Daizong Street, Taian City, 271018, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Hai Lin
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, 61 Daizong Street, Taian City, 271018, Shandong Province, China.
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18
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TREM-2 mediates dendritic cell–induced NO to suppress Th17 activation and ameliorate chronic kidney diseases. J Mol Med (Berl) 2022; 100:917-931. [DOI: 10.1007/s00109-022-02201-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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19
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Ahmed R, Augustine R, Chaudhry M, Akhtar UA, Zahid AA, Tariq M, Falahati M, Ahmad IS, Hasan A. Nitric oxide-releasing biomaterials for promoting wound healing in impaired diabetic wounds: State of the art and recent trends. Pharmacotherapy 2022; 149:112707. [PMID: 35303565 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Impaired diabetic wounds are serious pathophysiological complications associated with persistent microbial infections including failure in the closure of wounds, and the cause of a high frequency of lower limb amputations. The healing of diabetic wounds is attenuated due to the lack of secretion of growth factors, prolonged inflammation, and/or inhibition of angiogenic activity. Diabetic wound healing can be enhanced by supplying nitric oxide (NO) endogenously or exogenously. NO produced inside the cells by endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) naturally aids wound healing through its beneficial vasculogenic effects. However, during hyperglycemia, the activity of eNOS is affected, and thus there becomes an utmost need for the topical supply of NO from exogenous sources. Thus, NO-donors that can release NO are loaded into wound healing patches or wound coverage matrices to treat diabetic wounds. The burst release of NO from its donors is prevented by encapsulating them in polymeric hydrogels or nanoparticles for supplying NO for an extended duration of time to the diabetic wounds. In this article, we review the etiology of diabetic wounds, wound healing strategies, and the role of NO in the wound healing process. We further discuss the challenges faced in translating NO-donors as a clinically viable nanomedicine strategy for the treatment of diabetic wounds with a focus on the use of biomaterials for the encapsulation and in vivo controlled delivery of NO-donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashid Ahmed
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; Biomedical Research Center (BRC), Qatar University, PO Box 2713, Doha, Qatar; Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Mirpur University of Science and Technology, Mirpur 10250, AJK, Pakistan; Nick Holonyak Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Robin Augustine
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; Biomedical Research Center (BRC), Qatar University, PO Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Maryam Chaudhry
- Department of Continuing Education, University of Oxford, OX1 2JD Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Usman A Akhtar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Alap Ali Zahid
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; Biomedical Research Center (BRC), Qatar University, PO Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Muhammad Tariq
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Mirpur University of Science and Technology, Mirpur 10250, AJK, Pakistan
| | - Mojtaba Falahati
- Nanomedicine Innovation Center Erasmus (NICE), Erasmus Medical Center, 3015GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Irfan S Ahmad
- Nick Holonyak Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, IL, USA; Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, IL, USA; Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Anwarul Hasan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; Biomedical Research Center (BRC), Qatar University, PO Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
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20
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Wang J, Song J, Song G, Feng Y, Pan J, Yang X, Xin Z, Hu P, Sun T, Liu K, Xu W, Wang T, Wang S, Liu J, Ruan Y. Acetyl-L-carnitine improves erectile function in bilateral cavernous nerve injury rats via promoting cavernous nerve regeneration. Andrology 2022; 10:984-996. [PMID: 35420721 DOI: 10.1111/andr.13187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurogenic erectile dysfunction (NED) caused by cavernous nerve (CN) injury is a typical complication after pelvic surgery, which lacks efficient treatments. Acetyl-L-carnitine (ALCAR) has been proven to promote nerve repair. OBJECTIVES To investigate the effect and potential mechanism of ALCAR in the treatment of NED. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-two rats were randomly divided into bilateral cavernous nerve injury (BCNI) group, BCNI + lower-dose ALCAR (50 mg/kg/day) group, BCNI + higher-dose (100 mg/kg/day) group and sham-operated group. Erectile function was assessed 14 days after daily intraperitoneal injection of ALCAR or placebo. The penile tissues were gathered for subsequent histological and molecular biological analysis. Rat Schwann cell (SC) line S16 was used to verify the mechanism of ALCAR in vitro. RESULTS We found that the erectile function of the rats in BCNI group was severely impaired, which was improved considerably in both BCNI+ALCAR-LD and BCNI+ALCAR-HD groups. Also, we observed decreased smooth muscle and increased collagen content in corpus cavernosum in BCNI group. The expressions of fibrosis markers TGF-β, CTGF, and Smad 2/3 were significantly up-regulated in the BCNI group. The above changes were alleviated after the administration of lower and higher-dose ALCAR. Meanwhile, the NO/cGMP pathway was promoted and the RhoA/ROCK pathway was inhibited in the corpus cavernosum of BCNI rats after ALCAR treatment, accompanied by increased nNOS and down-regulated Tyrosine Hydroxylase. In vitro, ALCAR promoted the migration and proliferation of SC, and increased the expression of Pmp22 and NGF. Further, rats treated with ALCAR had high expression of ATF3 and S100 in the distal nerve tissues of the CN extrusion site. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION ALCAR could promote nerve repair and regeneration, inhibit penile fibrosis and improve penile erection by promoting the proliferation and migration of SC and the secretion of NGF. Our study confirms that ALCAR may be a potential treatment strategy for NED. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Wang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingyu Song
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guoda Song
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuhong Feng
- Male Reproductive and Sexual Medicine, Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiancheng Pan
- Male Reproductive and Sexual Medicine, Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoqing Yang
- Male Reproductive and Sexual Medicine, Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhongcheng Xin
- Male Reproductive and Sexual Medicine, Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Andrology Center, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China.,China-Korea Joint Research Center for Male Reproductive and Sexual Medicine, Institute of Urology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Peng Hu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Taotao Sun
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kang Liu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenchao Xu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shaogang Wang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jihong Liu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yajun Ruan
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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21
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Ellagic Acid prevents vascular dysfunction in small mesenteric arteries of ovariectomized hypertensive rats. J Nutr Biochem 2022; 105:108995. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.108995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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22
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Li L, Liu Z, Fang B, Xu J, Dong X, Yang L, Zhang Z, Guo S, Ding B. Effects of Vitamin A and K3 on Immune Function and Intestinal Antioxidant Capacity of Aged Laying Hens. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2021-1572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L Li
- Wuhan Polytechnic University, China
| | - Z Liu
- Wuhan Polytechnic University, China
| | - B Fang
- Wuhan Polytechnic University, China
| | - J Xu
- Wuhan Polytechnic University, China
| | - X Dong
- Zhejiang University, China
| | - L Yang
- HuBei Horwath Biotechnology Co., Ltd, China
| | - Z Zhang
- Wuhan Polytechnic University, China
| | - S Guo
- Wuhan Polytechnic University, China
| | - B Ding
- Wuhan Polytechnic University, China
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23
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Surfactin-oleogel with therapeutic potential for inflammatory acne vulgaris induced by Propionibacterium acnes. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 106:549-562. [PMID: 34939137 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11719-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggested that suppression of Propionibacterium acnes-induced inflammation was a promising strategy to alleviate acne vulgaris. This study evaluated the alleviating effect of surfactin-oleogel on P. acnes-induced inflammatory acne vulgaris in mice. Epidermis morphology and histopathological examination showed that surfactin-oleogel effectively ameliorated the P. acnes-induced epidermis swelling and erythema. Surfactin-oleogel reduced the epidermis thickness to 48.52% compared to the model control group. The colony of P. acnes in the epidermis was decreased by 1 log CFU/mL after receiving surfactin-oleogel treatment. Furthermore, surfactin-oleogel attenuated oxidative stress in the epidermis by increasing the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase. In addition, the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase, nitric oxide, cyclooxygenase-2, pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g. tumour necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β), and nuclear factor kappa-B in the epidermis were reduced after treating with surfactin-oleogel. Moreover, total cholesterol and free fatty acids were decreased, whereas the treatment of surfactin-oleogel increased triglycerides and linoleic acid content. Besides, immunohistochemical assay and real-time PCR analysis indicated that surfactin-oleogel blocked the TLR2-mediated NF-κB signalling pathways in the epidermis. Consequently, our results demonstrated that surfactin-oleogel had antibacterial and anti-inflammation activities to treat P. acnes-induced inflammatory acne vulgaris.Key points• Surfactin-oleogel effectively relieves inflammation and oxidative stress caused by P. acnes.• Surfactin-oleogel effectively reduced the P. acnes colony.• Surfactin-oleogel relieves P. acnes-induced inflammation by inactivated the TLR-mediated NF-κB.
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Yang W, Jiang X, Liu J, Qi D, Luo Z, Yu G, Li X, Sen M, Chen H, Liu W, Liu Y, Wang G. Integrated Strategy From In Vitro, In Situ, In Vivo to In Silico for Predicting Active Constituents and Exploring Molecular Mechanisms of Tongfengding Capsule for Treating Gout by Inhibiting Inflammatory Responses. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:759157. [PMID: 34912220 PMCID: PMC8666879 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.759157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The study of screening active constituents from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is important for explicating the mechanism of action of TCM and further evaluating the safety and efficacy effectively. However, detecting and identifying the active constituents from complicated biological samples still remain a challenge. Here, a practical, quick, and novel integrated strategy from in vitro, in situ, in vivo to in silico for rapidly screening the active constituents was developed. Firstly, the chemical profile of TCM in vitro was identified using UPLC-Q Exactive-Orbitrap HRMS. Secondly, the in situ intestinal perfusion with venous sampling (IPVS) method was used to investigate the intestinal absorption components. Thirdly, after intragastric administration of the TCM extract, the in vivo absorbed prototype components were detected and identified. Finally, the target network pharmacology approach was applied to explore the potential targets and possible mechanisms of the absorbed components from TCM. The reliability and availability of this approach was demonstrated using Tongfengding capsule (TFDC) as an example of herbal medicine. A total of 141 compounds were detected and identified in TFDC, and among them, 64 components were absorbed into the plasma. Then, a total of 35 absorbed bioactive components and 50 related targets shared commonly by compounds and gout were integrated via target network pharmacology analysis. Ultimately, the effects of the absorbed components on metabolism pathways were verified by experiments. These results demonstrated that this original method may provide a practical tool for screening bioactive compounds from TCM treating particular diseases. Furthermore, it also can clarify the potential mechanism of action of TCM and rationalize the application of TFDC as an effective herbal therapy for gout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenning Yang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoquan Jiang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jingtong Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Dongying Qi
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiqiang Luo
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Guohua Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xueyan Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Muli Sen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hongjiao Chen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Guopeng Wang
- Zhongcai Health (Beijing) Biological Technology Development Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
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25
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Nguyen VQ, You DG, Kim CH, Kwon S, Um W, Oh BH, An JY, Jeon J, Park JH. An anti-DR5 antibody-curcumin conjugate for the enhanced clearance of activated hepatic stellate cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 192:1231-1239. [PMID: 34626726 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.09.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Anti-death receptor 5 (DR5) antibody is a potential therapeutic agent for liver fibrosis because it exhibits anti-fibrotic effects by inducing the apoptosis of activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), which are responsible for hepatic fibrogenesis. However, the clinical applications of anti-DR5 antibodies have been limited by their low agonistic activity against DR5. In this study, an anti-DR5 antibody-curcumin conjugate (DCC) was prepared to investigate its effect on the clearance of activated HSCs. The DCC was synthesized through a coupling reaction between a maleimide-functionalized curcumin derivative and a thiolated anti-DR5 antibody. No significant differences were observed in the uptake behaviors of activated HSCs between the bare anti-DR5 antibodies and DCC. Owing to the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of curcumin, DCC-treated HSCs produced much lower levels of reactive oxygen species and inducible nitric oxide synthase than the bare anti-DR5 antibody-treated HSCs. Additionally, the anti-fibrotic effects of DCC on activated HSCs were more prominent than those of the bare anti-DR5 antibodies, as demonstrated by the immunocytochemical analysis of α-smooth muscle actin. DCC preferentially accumulated in the liver after its systemic administration to mice with liver fibrosis. Thus, DCC may serve as a potential therapeutic agent for treating liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van Quy Nguyen
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Gil You
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Ho Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunglee Kwon
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Wooram Um
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong Hoon Oh
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Yoon An
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jueun Jeon
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hyung Park
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea; Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
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26
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Li H, Luo Q, Shan W, Cai S, Tie R, Xu Y, Lin Y, Qian P, Huang H. Biomechanical cues as master regulators of hematopoietic stem cell fate. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:5881-5902. [PMID: 34232331 PMCID: PMC8316214 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03882-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) perceive both soluble signals and biomechanical inputs from their microenvironment and cells themselves. Emerging as critical regulators of the blood program, biomechanical cues such as extracellular matrix stiffness, fluid mechanical stress, confined adhesiveness, and cell-intrinsic forces modulate multiple capacities of HSCs through mechanotransduction. In recent years, research has furthered the scientific community's perception of mechano-based signaling networks in the regulation of several cellular processes. However, the underlying molecular details of the biomechanical regulatory paradigm in HSCs remain poorly elucidated and researchers are still lacking in the ability to produce bona fide HSCs ex vivo for clinical use. This review presents an overview of the mechanical control of both embryonic and adult HSCs, discusses some recent insights into the mechanisms of mechanosensing and mechanotransduction, and highlights the application of mechanical cues aiming at HSC expansion or differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghu Li
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems & Precision Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Luo
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems & Precision Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Shan
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems & Precision Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuyang Cai
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems & Precision Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruxiu Tie
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems & Precision Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yulin Xu
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems & Precision Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Lin
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems & Precision Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengxu Qian
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
- Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
- Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems & Precision Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
- Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China.
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
| | - He Huang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
- Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
- Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems & Precision Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
- Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China.
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27
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Kosuru R, Singh B, Lakshmikanthan S, Nishijima Y, Vasquez-Vivar J, Zhang DX, Chrzanowska M. Distinct Signaling Functions of Rap1 Isoforms in NO Release From Endothelium. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:687598. [PMID: 34222255 PMCID: PMC8247587 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.687598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Small GTPase Rap1 plays a prominent role in endothelial cell (EC) homeostasis by promoting NO release. Endothelial deletion of the two highly homologous Rap1 isoforms, Rap1A and Rap1B, leads to endothelial dysfunction ex vivo and hypertension in vivo. Mechanistically, we showed that Rap1B promotes NO release in response to shear flow by promoting mechanosensing complex formation involving VEGFR2 and Akt activation. However, the specific contribution of the Rap1A isoform to NO release and the underlying molecular mechanisms through which the two Rap1 isoforms control endothelial function are unknown. Here, we demonstrate that endothelial dysfunction resulting from knockout of both Rap1A and Rap1B isoforms is ameliorated by exogenous L-Arg administration to rescue NO-dependent vasorelaxation and blood pressure. We confirmed that Rap1B is rapidly activated in response to agonists that trigger eNOS activation, and its deletion in ECs attenuates eNOS activation, as detected by decreased Ser1177 phosphorylation. Somewhat surprising was the finding that EC deletion of Rap1A does not lead to impaired agonist-induced vasorelaxation ex vivo. Mechanistically, the deletion of Rap1A led to elevated eNOS phosphorylation both at the inhibitory, T495, and the activating Ser1177 residues. These findings indicate that the two Rap1 isoforms act via distinct signaling pathways: while Rap1B directly positively regulates eNOS activation, Rap1A prevents negative regulation of eNOS. Notably, the combined deficiency of Rap1A and Rap1B has a severe effect on eNOS activity and NO release with an in vivo impact on endothelial function and vascular homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramoji Kosuru
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Bandana Singh
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | | | - Yoshinori Nishijima
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Jeannette Vasquez-Vivar
- Department of Biophysics and Redox Biology Program, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - David X Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Magdalena Chrzanowska
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
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28
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Nowaczyk A, Kowalska M, Nowaczyk J, Grześk G. Carbon Monoxide and Nitric Oxide as Examples of the Youngest Class of Transmitters. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22116029. [PMID: 34199647 PMCID: PMC8199767 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The year 2021 is the 100th anniversary of the confirmation of the neurotransmission phenomenon by Otto Loewi. Over the course of the hundred years, about 100 neurotransmitters belonging to many chemical groups have been discovered. In order to celebrate the 100th anniversary of the confirmation of neurotransmitters, we present an overview of the first two endogenous gaseous transmitters i.e., nitric oxide, and carbon monoxide, which are often termed as gasotransmitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Nowaczyk
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 2 dr. A. Jurasza St., 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-52-585-3904
| | - Magdalena Kowalska
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 2 dr. A. Jurasza St., 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Jacek Nowaczyk
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Physicochemistry of Polymers, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 7 Gagarina St., 87-100 Toruń, Poland;
| | - Grzegorz Grześk
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 75 Ujejskiego St., 85-168 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
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29
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Allen BD, Acharya MM, Montay-Gruel P, Jorge PG, Bailat C, Petit B, Vozenin MC, Limoli C. Maintenance of Tight Junction Integrity in the Absence of Vascular Dilation in the Brain of Mice Exposed to Ultra-High-Dose-Rate FLASH Irradiation. Radiat Res 2021; 194:625-635. [PMID: 33348373 DOI: 10.1667/rade-20-00060.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Persistent vasculature abnormalities contribute to an altered CNS microenvironment that further compromises the integrity of the blood-brain barrier and exposes the brain to a host of neurotoxic conditions. Standard radiation therapy at conventional (CONV) dose rate elicits short-term damage to the blood-brain barrier by disrupting supportive cells, vasculature volume and tight junction proteins. While current clinical applications of cranial radiotherapy use dose fractionation to reduce normal tissue damage, these treatments still cause significant complications. While dose escalation enhances treatment of radiation-resistant tumors, methods to subvert normal tissue damage are clearly needed. In this regard, we have recently developed a new modality of irradiation based on the use of ultra-high-dose-rate FLASH that does not induce the classical pathogenic patterns caused by CONV irradiation. In previous work, we optimized the physical parameters required to minimize normal brain toxicity (i.e., FLASH, instantaneous intra-pulse dose rate, 6.9 · 106 Gy/s, at a mean dose rate of 2,500 Gy/s), which we then used in the current study to determine the effect of FLASH on the integrity of the vasculature and the blood-brain barrier. Both early (24 h, one week) and late (one month) timepoints postirradiation were investigated using C57Bl/6J female mice exposed to whole-brain irradiation delivered in single doses of 25 Gy and 10 Gy, respectively, using CONV (0.09 Gy/s) or FLASH (>106 Gy/s). While the majority of changes found one day postirradiation were minimal, FLASH was found to reduce levels of apoptosis in the neurogenic regions of the brain at this time. At one week and one month postirradiation, CONV was found to induce vascular dilation, a well described sign of vascular alteration, while FLASH minimized these effects. These results were positively correlated with and temporally coincident to changes in the immunostaining of the vasodilator eNOS colocalized to the vasculature, suggestive of possible dysregulation in blood flow at these latter times. Overall expression of the tight junction proteins, occludin and claudin-5, which was significantly reduced after CONV irradiation, remained unchanged in the FLASH-irradiated brains at one and four weeks postirradiation. Our data further confirm that, compared to isodoses of CONV irradiation known to elicit detrimental effects, FLASH does not damage the normal vasculature. These data now provide the first evidence that FLASH preserves microvasculature integrity in the brain, which may prove beneficial to cognition while allowing for better tumor control in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barrett D Allen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2695
| | - Munjal M Acharya
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2695
| | - Pierre Montay-Gruel
- Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Patrik Goncalves Jorge
- Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Institute of Radiation Physics/CHUV, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Claude Bailat
- Institute of Radiation Physics/CHUV, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Benoît Petit
- Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marie-Catherine Vozenin
- Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Charles Limoli
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2695
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30
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Vivarelli S, Falzone L, Basile MS, Candido S, Libra M. Nitric Oxide in Hematological Cancers: Partner or Rival? Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 34:383-401. [PMID: 32027171 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Hematological malignancies represent the fourth most diagnosed cancer. Relapse and acquired resistance to anticancer therapy constitute two actual issues that need to be overcome. Nitric oxide (NO) plays a pivotal role in regulating cancer progression. At present, many studies are attempting to uncover the potentials of modulating NO levels to improve the efficacy of currently available treatments against lymphoma, leukemia, and myeloma. Recent Advances: It is becoming progressively clear that NO modulation may help hematological cancer management, either by targeting directly tumor cells or by driving the immune system to eliminate cancer cells. Critical Issues: NO is a dual molecule that can have a tumor-protecting or stimulating effect, depending on its local concentration. Moreover, NO is able to target a wide range of molecules involved in both cancer genesis and evolution. In this review, an overview of the recent findings regarding the pivotal role played by NO and nitric oxide synthase in cancer progression and anticancer therapy is presented, with particular focus on hematological malignancies. Future Directions: It is critical to establish the cancer-specific function of NO and critically drive its modulation to improve cancer management toward a personalized approach. This has a special importance in hematological tumors, where the urgency of finding eradicative therapies is constant. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 34, 383-401.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Vivarelli
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Luca Falzone
- Epidemiology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale", Napoli, Italy
| | - Maria Sofia Basile
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Saverio Candido
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.,Research Centre for Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Massimo Libra
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.,Research Centre for Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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31
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Shear Stress and RBC-NOS Serine1177 Phosphorylation in Humans: A Dose Response. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11010036. [PMID: 33429979 PMCID: PMC7828091 DOI: 10.3390/life11010036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Red blood cells (RBC) express a nitric oxide synthase isoform (RBC-NOS) that appears dependent on shear stress for Serine1177 phosphorylation. Whether this protein is equally activated by varied shears in the physiological range is less described. Here, we explored RBC-NOS Serine1177 phosphorylation in response to shear stress levels reflective of in vivo conditions. Whole blood samples were exposed to specific magnitudes of shear stress (0.5, 1.5, 4.5, 13.5 Pa) for discrete exposure times (1, 10, 30 min). Thereafter, RBC-NOS Serine1177 phosphorylation was measured utilising immunofluorescence labelling. Shear stress exposure at 0.5, 1.5, and 13.5 Pa significantly increased RBC-NOS Serine1177 phosphorylation following 1 min (p < 0.0001); exposure to 4.5 Pa had no effect after 1 min. RBC-NOS Serine1177 phosphorylation was significantly increased following 10 min at each magnitude of shear stress (0.5, 1.5, 13.5 Pa, p < 0.0001; 4.5 Pa, p = 0.0042). Shear stress exposure for 30 min significantly increased RBC-NOS Serine1177 phosphorylation at 0.5 Pa and 13.5 Pa (p < 0.0001). We found that RBC-NOS phosphorylation via shear stress is non-linear and differs for a given magnitude and duration of exposure. This study provides a new understanding of the discrete relation between RBC-NOS and shear stress.
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32
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Saini R, Azam Z, Sapra L, Srivastava RK. Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase (nNOS) in Neutrophils: An Insight. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 180:49-83. [PMID: 34115206 DOI: 10.1007/112_2021_61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
NO (nitric oxide) is an important regulator of neutrophil functions and has a key role in diverse pathophysiological conditions. NO production by nitric oxide synthases (NOS) is under tight control at transcriptional, translational, and post-translational levels including interactions with heterologous proteins owing to its potent chemical reactivity and high diffusibility; this limits toxicity to other cellular components and promotes signaling specificity. The protein-protein interactions govern the activity and spatial distribution of NOS isoform to regulatory proteins and to their intended targets. In comparison with the vast literature available for endothelial, macrophages, and neuronal cells, demonstrating neuronal NOS (nNOS) interaction with other proteins through the PDZ domain, neutrophil nNOS, however, remains unexplored. Neutrophil's key role in both physiological and pathological conditions necessitates the need for further studies in delineating the NOS mediated NO modulations in signaling pathways operational in them. nNOS has been linked to depression, schizophrenia, and Parkinson's disease, suggesting the importance of exploring nNOS/NO-mediated neutrophil physiology in relation to such neuronal disorders. The review thus presents the scenario of neutrophil nNOS from the genetics to the functional level, including protein-protein interactions governing its intracellular sequestration in diverse cell types, besides speculating possible regulation in neutrophils and also addressing their clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Saini
- Department of Zoology, Gargi College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.
| | - Zaffar Azam
- Department of Zoology, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar, MP, India
- Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Leena Sapra
- Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Rupesh K Srivastava
- Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India.
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Miyamoto H, Takemura S, Minamiyama Y, Tsukioka T, Toda M, Nishiyama N, Shibata T. Acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis model by small amount of lipopolysaccharide in rats. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2021; 70:129-139. [PMID: 35400816 PMCID: PMC8921716 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.21-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, a chronic and progressive lung disease with poor prognosis, presents with acute exacerbation. Pathophysiology and treatments for this acute exacerbation, and an appropriate animal model to perform such examinations, have not established yet. We presented a rat model for assessing acute exacerbation in cases of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Wistar rats were intratracheally administered bleomycin (3 mg/kg) to induce pulmonary fibrosis. After 7 days, lipopolysaccharide (0, 0.05, or 0.15 mg/kg) was administered. In the bleomycin or lipopolysaccharide group, there were almost no change in the oxygen partial pressure, arterial blood gas (PaO2), plasma nitrite/nitrate, nitric oxide synthase, and lung nitrotyrosine levels. In the bleomycin (+)/lipopolysaccharide (+) groups, these three indicators deteriorated significantly. The plasma nitrite/nitrate and PaO2 levels were significantly correlated in the bleomycin (+) groups (r = 0.758). Although lung fibrosis was not different with or without lipopolysaccharide in the bleomycin (+) groups, macrophage infiltration was marked in the bleomycin (+)/lipopolysaccharide (+) group. There were many NOS2-positive macrophages, and the PaO2 levels decrease may be induced by the nitric oxide production of macrophages in the lung. This model may mimic the pathophysiological changes in cases of acute exacerbation during idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hikaru Miyamoto
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University
| | - Shigekazu Takemura
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University
| | - Yukiko Minamiyama
- Food Hygiene and Environmental Health Division of Applied Life Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University
| | - Takuma Tsukioka
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University
| | - Michihito Toda
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University
| | - Noritoshi Nishiyama
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University
| | - Toshihiko Shibata
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University
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Oshima Y, Otsuki A, Endo R, Nakasone M, Harada T, Takahashi S, Inagaki Y. The Effects of Volatile Anesthetics on Lung Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury: Basic to Clinical Studies. J Surg Res 2020; 260:325-344. [PMID: 33373852 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2020.11.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Case reports from as early as the 1970s have shown that intravenous injection of even a small dose of volatile anesthetics result in fatal lung injury. Direct contact between volatile anesthetics and pulmonary vasculature triggers chemical damage in the vessel walls. A wide variety of factors are involved in lung ischemia-reperfusion injury (LIRI), such as pulmonary endothelial cells, alveolar epithelial cells, alveolar macrophages, neutrophils, mast cells, platelets, proinflammatory cytokines, and surfactant. With a constellation of factors involved, the assessment of the protective effect of volatile anesthetics in LIRI is difficult. Multiple animal studies have reported that with regards to LIRI, sevoflurane demonstrates an anti-inflammatory effect in immunocompetent cells and an anti-apoptotic effect on lung tissue. Scattered studies have dismissed a protective effect of desflurane against LIRI. While a single-center randomized controlled trial (RCT) found that volatile anesthetics including desflurane demonstrated a lung-protective effect in thoracic surgery, a multicenter RCT did not demonstrate a lung-protective effect of desflurane. LIRI is common in lung transplantation. One study, although limited due to its small sample size, found that the use of volatile anesthetics in organ procurement surgery involving "death by neurologic criteria" donors did not improve lung graft survival. Future studies on the protective effect of volatile anesthetics against LIRI must examine not only the mechanism of the protective effect but also differences in the effects of different types of volatile anesthetics, their optimal dosage, and the appropriateness of their use in the event of marked alveolar capillary barrier damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Oshima
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yonago Medical Center, Yonago, Tottori, Japan.
| | - Akihiro Otsuki
- Division of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Surgery, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Tottori, Japan
| | - Ryo Endo
- Division of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Surgery, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Tottori, Japan
| | - Masato Nakasone
- Division of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Surgery, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Tottori, Japan
| | - Tomomi Harada
- Division of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Surgery, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Tottori, Japan
| | - Shunsaku Takahashi
- Division of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Surgery, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Tottori, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Inagaki
- Division of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Surgery, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Tottori, Japan
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Mizrak S, Göksel Ülker S, Ercan G, Sönmez B. The effect of long term nicotine exposure on endothelial function in rats. Drug Chem Toxicol 2020; 45:1522-1527. [PMID: 33172288 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2020.1845714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Nicotine is one of the main chemicals in the cigarettes responsible for addiction formation. Many researches investigating the effects of nicotine on coronary heart disease and atherosclerosis have been published. The robustness of endothelial cells is very important in the development of atherosclerosis. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of nicotine exposure on the indicators of endothelial function either by examining the vascular reactivity of aorta taken from rats exposed to nicotine during prenatal (starting by the mating period) and postnatal periods (6 weeks after delivery), or by determining the protein expression of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) enzymes, NADPH oxidase (Nox) and nitrotyrosine. Chronic nicotine exposure at 6 mg/L in drinking water produced a significant decrease in phenylephrine contractility of thoracic aortic rings compared to control and low dose exposure group (0.4 mg/L, p < 0.001). Endothelium-dependent relaxations to acetylcholine increased dose-dependently while no changes were observed in endothelium-independent relaxations to sodium nitroprusside and protein expressions in rat thoracic aorta. It has been concluded that long term nicotine exposure does not have serious effects on endothelial vasodilator response directly and does not change protein expression of NOS or Nox enzymes. However, more studies should be done for the exact mechanisms responsible for the effect of nicotine on endothelial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soycan Mizrak
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Usak University, Usak, Turkey
| | - Sibel Göksel Ülker
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Gulinnaz Ercan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Birol Sönmez
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Muğla Provincial Health Directorate, Muğla, Turkey
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iNOS Expression by Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes, PD-L1 and Prognosis in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113276. [PMID: 33167430 PMCID: PMC7694334 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The role of Inducible Nitric Oxygen Synthase (iNOS) in the progression of human malignancies is obscure. We studied the expression patterns of iNOS in non-small-cell lung cancer. iNOS was expressed by cancer cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts. None of these patterns, however, are related to stage or prognosis. Extensive infiltration of the tumor stroma by iNOS-expressing tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (iNOS+TILs) occurred in 48% of cases. This was related to low Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1α (HIF1α) and better overall survival. Expression of Programmed death-ligand 1 PD-L1, however, mitigates the beneficial effect of the presence of iNOS+TIL. An important role of iNOS in anti-neoplastic lymphocyte biology has been brought forward, supporting iNOS+TILs as putative immune response markers. Abstract Background: Inducible Nitric Oxygen Synthase (iNOS) promotes the generation of NO in tissues. Its role in tumor progression and immune response is unclear. Methods: The immunohistochemical expression patterns of iNOS were studied in a series of 98 tissue samples of non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), in parallel with the expression of hypoxia and anaerobic metabolism markers, PD-L1 and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). Results: iNOS is expressed by cancer cells in 19/98 (19.4%), while extensive expression by cancer-associated fibroblasts occurs in 8/98 (8.2%) cases. None of these patterns relate to stage or prognosis. Extensive infiltration of the tumor stroma by iNOS-expressing TILs (iNOS+TILs) occurs in 47/98 (48%) cases. This is related to low Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1α (HIF1α), high PD-L1 expression and a better overall survival (p = 0.002). Expression of PD-L1, however, mitigates the beneficial effect of the presence of iNOS+TIL. Conclusions: Extensive expression of iNOS by TILs occurs in approximately 50% of NSCLCs, and this is significantly related to an improved overall survival. This brings forward the role of iNOS in anti-neoplastic lymphocyte biology, supporting iNOS+TILs as a putative marker of immune response. The value of this biomarker as a predictive and treatment-guiding tool for tumor immunotherapy demands further investigation.
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Cameli P, Bargagli E, Bergantini L, d’Alessandro M, Pieroni M, Fontana GA, Sestini P, Refini RM. Extended Exhaled Nitric Oxide Analysis in Interstitial Lung Diseases: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6187. [PMID: 32867116 PMCID: PMC7503828 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) is a well-known and widely accepted biomarker of airways inflammation that can be useful in the therapeutic management, and adherence to inhalation therapy control, in asthmatic patients. However, the multiple-flows assessment of FeNO can provide a reliable measurement of bronchial and alveolar production of NO, supporting its potential value as biomarker also in peripheral lung diseases, such as interstitial lung diseases (ILD). In this review, we first discuss the role of NO in the pathobiology of lung fibrosis and the technique currently approved for the measurement of maximum bronchial flux of NO (J'awNO) and alveolar concentration of NO (CaNO). We systematically report the published evidence regarding extended FeNO analysis in the management of patients with different ILDs, focusing on its potential role in differential diagnosis, prognostic evaluation and severity assessment of disease. The few available data concerning extended FeNO analysis, and the most common comorbidities of ILD, are explored too. In conclusion, multiple-flows FeNO analysis, and CaNO in particular, appears to be a promising tool to be implemented in the diagnostic and prognostic pathways of patients affected with ILDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Cameli
- Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (E.B.); (L.B.); (M.d.); (M.P.); (P.S.); (R.M.R.)
| | - Elena Bargagli
- Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (E.B.); (L.B.); (M.d.); (M.P.); (P.S.); (R.M.R.)
| | - Laura Bergantini
- Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (E.B.); (L.B.); (M.d.); (M.P.); (P.S.); (R.M.R.)
| | - Miriana d’Alessandro
- Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (E.B.); (L.B.); (M.d.); (M.P.); (P.S.); (R.M.R.)
| | - Maria Pieroni
- Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (E.B.); (L.B.); (M.d.); (M.P.); (P.S.); (R.M.R.)
| | - Giovanni A. Fontana
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50121 Florence, Italy;
| | - Piersante Sestini
- Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (E.B.); (L.B.); (M.d.); (M.P.); (P.S.); (R.M.R.)
| | - Rosa Metella Refini
- Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (E.B.); (L.B.); (M.d.); (M.P.); (P.S.); (R.M.R.)
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Zhang H, Zhao F, Peng A, Guo S, Wang M, Elsabagh M, Loor JJ, Wang H. l-Arginine Inhibits Apoptosis of Ovine Intestinal Epithelial Cells through the l-Arginine-Nitric Oxide Pathway. J Nutr 2020; 150:2051-2060. [PMID: 32412630 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In nonruminants, many of the biological roles of l-arginine (Arg) at the intestinal level are mediated through the Arg-nitric oxide (Arg-NO) pathway. Whether the Arg-NO pathway is involved in controlling the immune response and viability in ovine intestinal epithelial cells (IOECs) is unclear. OBJECTIVES The current study aimed to examine the role of the Arg-NO pathway in apoptosis, antioxidant capacity, and mitochondrial function of IOECs. METHODS The IOECs were incubated in Arg-free DMEM supplemented with 150 μM Arg (CON) or 300 μM Arg (ARG) alone or with 350 μM Nw-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (l-NAME) (CON + NAME, ARG + NAME) for 24 h. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentration, antioxidant capacity, and cell apoptotic percentage were determined. RESULTS Arg supplementation decreased (P < 0.05) the ROS concentration (38.9% and 22.7%) and apoptotic cell percentage (57.2% and 54.8%) relative to the CON and CON + NAME groups, respectively. Relative to the CON and ARG treatments, the l-NAME administration decreased (P < 0.05) the mRNA abundance of superoxide dismutase 2 (32% and 21.3%, respectively) and epithelial NO synthase (36% and 29.1%, respectively). Arg supplementation decreased (P < 0.05) the protein abundance of apoptosis antigen 1 (FAS) (52.0% and 43.9%) but increased (P < 0.05) those of nuclear respiratory factor 1 (31.3% and 22.9%) and inducible NO synthase (35.2% and 41.8%) relative to the CON and CON + NAME groups, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The inhibition of apoptosis in IOECs due to the increased supply of Arg is associated with the mitochondria- and FAS-dependent pathways through the activity of the Arg-NO pathway. The findings help elucidate the role of the Arg-NO pathway in IOEC growth and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, PR China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, PR China
| | - Fangfang Zhao
- Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, PR China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, PR China
| | - Along Peng
- Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, PR China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, PR China
| | - Shuang Guo
- Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, PR China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, PR China
| | - Mengzhi Wang
- Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, PR China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, PR China
| | - Mabrouk Elsabagh
- Department of Animal Production and Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University, Nigde, Turkey.,Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Juan J Loor
- Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Hongrong Wang
- Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, PR China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, PR China
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Beghi S, Cavaliere F, Buschini A. Gene polymorphisms in calcium-calmodulin pathway: Focus on cardiovascular disease. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2020; 786:108325. [PMID: 33339582 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2020.108325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in industrialized countries and affects an increasing number of people. Several risk factors play an important role in the etiology of this disease, such as an unhealthy lifestyle. It is increasingly clear that genetic factors influencing the molecular basis of excitation-contraction mechanisms in the heart could contribute to modify the individual's risk. Thanks to the progress that has been made in understanding calcium signaling in the heart, it is assumed that calmodulin can play a crucial role in the excitation-contraction coupling. In fact, calmodulin (CaM) binds calcium and consequently regulates calcium channels. Several works show how some polymorphic variants can be considered predisposing factors to complex pathologies. Therefore, we hypothesize that the identification of polymorphic variants of proteins involved in the CaM pathway could be important for understanding how genetic traits can influence predisposition to myocardial infarction. This review considers each pathway of the three different isoforms of calmodulin (CaM1; CaM2; CaM3) and focuses on some common proteins involved in the three pathways, with the aim of analyzing the polymorphisms studied in the literature and understanding if they are associated with cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Beghi
- University of Parma, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, Parco Area Delle Scienze 11A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Francesca Cavaliere
- University of Parma, Department of Food and Drug, Parco Area Delle Scienze 17A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Annamaria Buschini
- University of Parma, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, Parco Area Delle Scienze 11A, 43124, Parma, Italy.
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Bertels Z, Pradhan AAA. Emerging Treatment Targets for Migraine and Other Headaches. Headache 2020; 59 Suppl 2:50-65. [PMID: 31291018 DOI: 10.1111/head.13585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Migraine is a complex disorder that is characterized by an assortment of neurological and systemic effects. While headache is the most prominent feature of migraine, a host of symptoms affecting many physiological functions are also observed before, during, and after an attack. Furthermore, migraineurs are heterogeneous and have a wide range of responses to migraine therapies. The recent approval of calcitonin gene-related-peptide based therapies has opened up the treatment of migraine and generated a renewed interest in migraine research and discovery. Ongoing advances in migraine research have identified a number of other promising therapeutic targets for this disorder. In this review, we highlight emergent treatments within the following biological systems: pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptdie, 2 non-mu opioid receptors that have low abuse liability - the delta and kappa opioid receptors, orexin, and nitric oxide-based therapies. Multiple mechanisms have been identified in the induction and maintenance of migraine symptoms; and this divergent set of targets have highly distinct biological effects. Increasing the mechanistic diversity of the migraine tool box will lead to more treatment options and better patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachariah Bertels
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Wei X, Guan L, Fan P, Liu X, Liu R, Liu Y, Bai H. Direct Current Electric Field Stimulates Nitric Oxide Production and Promotes NO-Dependent Angiogenesis: Involvement of the PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway. J Vasc Res 2020; 57:195-205. [PMID: 32375152 DOI: 10.1159/000506517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Electric fields (EFs) promote angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. These results indicate the feasibility of the application of EFs to modulate angiogenesis. Nitric oxide (NO) derived from endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) is an important regulator of angiogenesis. However, the role of direct current EFs in eNOS activity and expression in association with angiogenesis of endothelial cells has not been investigated. In the present study, we stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) with EFs and evaluated the activity and expression of eNOS. EFs induced significant phosphorylation of eNOS, upregulation of the expression of eNOS protein, and an increase in NO production from HUVECs. L-NAME, a specific inhibitor of eNOS, abolished EF-induced HUVEC angiogenesis. EFs stimulated Akt activation. Inhibition of PI3K activity inhibited EF-mediated Akt and eNOS activation and inhibited NO production in the endothelial cells. Moreover, EFs stimulated HUVEC proliferation and enhanced the S phase cell population of the cell cycle. We conclude that EFs stimulate eNOS activation and NO production via a PI3K/Akt-dependent pathway. Thus, activation of eNOS appears to be one of the key signaling pathways necessary for EF-mediated angiogenesis. These novel findings suggest that NO signaling may have an important role in EF-mediated endothelial cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Wei
- Laboratory of Genetic Disease and Perinatal Medicine and Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of the Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Linbo Guan
- Laboratory of Genetic Disease and Perinatal Medicine and Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of the Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Fan
- Laboratory of Genetic Disease and Perinatal Medicine and Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of the Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinghui Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Division of Peptides Related to Human Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huai Bai
- Laboratory of Genetic Disease and Perinatal Medicine and Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of the Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,
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Xu J, Luo Y, Yuan C, Han L, Wu Q, Xu L, Gao Y, Sun Y, Ma S, Tang G, Li S, Sun W, Gong Y, Xie C. Downregulation of Nitric Oxide Collaborated with Radiotherapy to Promote Anti-Tumor Immune Response via Inducing CD8+ T Cell Infiltration. Int J Biol Sci 2020; 16:1563-1574. [PMID: 32226302 PMCID: PMC7097922 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.41653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The production of nitric oxide (NO) is a key feature of immunosuppressive myeloid cells, which impair T cell activation and proliferation via reversibly blocking interleukin-2 receptor signaling. NO is mainly produced from L-arginine by inducible NO synthase (iNOS). Moreover, L-arginine is an essential element for T cell proliferation and behaviors. Impaired T cell function further inhibits anti-tumor immunity and promotes tumor progression. Previous studies indicated that radiotherapy activated anti-tumor immune responses in multiple tumors. However, myeloid-derived cells in the tumor microenvironment may neutralize these responses. We hypothesized that iNOS, as an important regulator of the immunosuppressive effects in myeloid-derived cells, mediated radiation resistance of cancer cells. In this study, we used 1400W dihydrochloride, a potent small-molecule inhibitor of iNOS, to explore the regulatory roles of NO in anti-tumor immunity. Radiotherapy and iNOS inhibition by 1400W collaboratively suppressed tumor growth and increased survival time, as well as increased tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells and specific inflammatory cytokine levels, in both lung and breast cancer cells in vivo. Our results also suggested that myeloid cell-mediated inhibition of T cell proliferation was effectively counteracted by radiation and 1400W-mediated NO blockade in vitro. Thus, these results demonstrated that iNOS was an important regulator of radiotherapy-induced antitumor immune responses. The combination of radiotherapy with iNOS blockade might be an effective therapy to improve the response of tumors to clinical radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieyu Xu
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan Luo
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Cheng Yuan
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Linzhi Han
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiuji Wu
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Liexi Xu
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuke Gao
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yingming Sun
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shijing Ma
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guiliang Tang
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuying Li
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenjie Sun
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Gong
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Conghua Xie
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumour Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Integration of Rap1 and Calcium Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051616. [PMID: 32120817 PMCID: PMC7084553 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ca2+ is a universal intracellular signal. The modulation of cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration regulates a plethora of cellular processes, such as: synaptic plasticity, neuronal survival, chemotaxis of immune cells, platelet aggregation, vasodilation, and cardiac excitation–contraction coupling. Rap1 GTPases are ubiquitously expressed binary switches that alternate between active and inactive states and are regulated by diverse families of guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) and GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs). Active Rap1 couples extracellular stimulation with intracellular signaling through secondary messengers—cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), Ca2+, and diacylglycerol (DAG). Much evidence indicates that Rap1 signaling intersects with Ca2+ signaling pathways to control the important cellular functions of platelet activation or neuronal plasticity. Rap1 acts as an effector of Ca2+ signaling when activated by mechanisms involving Ca2+ and DAG-activated (CalDAG-) GEFs. Conversely, activated by other GEFs, such as cAMP-dependent GEF Epac, Rap1 controls cytoplasmic Ca2+ levels. It does so by regulating the activity of Ca2+ signaling proteins such as sarcoendoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA). In this review, we focus on the physiological significance of the links between Rap1 and Ca2+ signaling and emphasize the molecular interactions that may offer new targets for the therapy of Alzheimer’s disease, hypertension, and atherosclerosis, among other diseases.
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Moreira R, Jervis PJ, Carvalho A, Ferreira PMT, Martins JA, Valentão P, Andrade PB, Pereira DM. Biological Evaluation of Naproxen-Dehydrodipeptide Conjugates with Self-Hydrogelation Capacity as Dual LOX/COX Inhibitors. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E122. [PMID: 32028608 PMCID: PMC7076388 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12020122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of peptide-drug conjugates is emerging as a powerful strategy for targeted drug delivery. Previously, we have found that peptides conjugated to a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), more specifically naproxen-dehydrodipeptide conjugates, readily form nanostructured fibrilar supramolecular hydrogels. These hydrogels were revealed as efficacious nano-carriers for drug delivery applications. Moreover, the incorporation of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) rendered the hydrogels responsive to external magnetic fields, undergoing gel-to-solution phase transition upon remote magnetic excitation. Thus, magnetic dehydrodipeptide-based hydrogels may find interesting applications as responsive Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) contrast agents and for magnetic hyperthermia-triggered drug-release applications. Supramolecular hydrogels where the hydrogelator molecule is endowed with intrinsic pharmacological properties can potentially fulfill a dual function in drug delivery systems as (passive) nanocariers for incorporated drugs and as active drugs themselves. In this present study, we investigated the pharmacological activities of a panel of naproxen-dehydrodipeptide conjugates, previously studied for their hydrogelation ability and as nanocarriers for drug-delivery applications. A focused library of dehydrodipeptides, containing N-terminal canonical amino acids (Phe, Tyr, Trp, Ala, Asp, Lys, Met) N-capped with naproxen and linked to a C-terminal dehydroaminoacid (ΔPhe, ΔAbu), were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activities, as well as for their cytotoxicity to non-cancer cells, using a variety of enzymatic and cellular assays. All compounds except one were able to significantly inhibit lipoxygenase (LOX) enzyme at a similar level to naproxen. One of the compounds 4 was able to inhibit the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) to a greater extent than naproxen, without inhibiting cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1), and therefore is a potential lead in the search for selective COX-2 inhibitors. This hydrogelator is a potential candidate for dual COX/LOX inhibition as an optimised strategy for treating inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rute Moreira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, n 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (R.M.); (P.V.); (P.B.A.)
| | - Peter J. Jervis
- Centre of Chemistry, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (A.C.); (P.M.T.F.); (J.A.M.)
| | - André Carvalho
- Centre of Chemistry, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (A.C.); (P.M.T.F.); (J.A.M.)
| | - Paula M. T. Ferreira
- Centre of Chemistry, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (A.C.); (P.M.T.F.); (J.A.M.)
| | - José A. Martins
- Centre of Chemistry, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (A.C.); (P.M.T.F.); (J.A.M.)
| | - Patrícia Valentão
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, n 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (R.M.); (P.V.); (P.B.A.)
| | - Paula B. Andrade
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, n 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (R.M.); (P.V.); (P.B.A.)
| | - David M. Pereira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, n 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (R.M.); (P.V.); (P.B.A.)
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Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common heart arrhythmia and is associated with poor outcomes. The adverse effects of AF are mediated through multiple pathways, including endothelial dysfunction, as measured by flow-mediated dilatation. Flow-mediated dilatation has demonstrated endothelial dysfunction in several conditions and is associated with poor outcomes including mortality, yet can be improved with medical therapy. It is thus a useful tool in assessing endothelial function in patients. Endothelial dysfunction is present in patients with AF and is associated with poor outcomes. These patients are generally older and have other co-morbidities such as hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia and diabetes. The precise process by which AF is affiliated with endothelial damage/dysfunction remains elusive. This review explores the endothelial structure, its physiology and how it is affected in patients with AF. It also assesses the utility of flow mediated dilatation as a technique to assess endothelial function in patients with AF. Key MessagesEndothelial function is affected in patients with atrial fibrillation as with other cardiovascular conditions.Endothelial dysfunction is associated with poor outcomes such as stroke, myocardial infarction and death, yet is a reversible condition.Flow-mediated dilatation is a reliable tool to assess endothelial function in patients with atrial fibrillation.Patients with atrial fibrillation should be considered for endothelial function assessment and attempts made to reverse this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahsan A Khan
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Graham N Thomas
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Gregory Y H Lip
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,Aalborg Thrombosis Research Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Alena Shantsila
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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46
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Small molecule inhibitors and stimulators of inducible nitric oxide synthase in cancer cells from natural origin (phytochemicals, marine compounds, antibiotics). Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 176:113792. [PMID: 31926145 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.113792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide synthases (NOS) are a family of isoforms, which generate nitric oxide (NO). NO is one of the smallest molecules in nature and acts mainly as a potent vasodilator. It participates in various biological processes ranging from physiological to pathological conditions. Inducible NOS (iNOS, NOS2) is a calcium-independent and inducible isoform. Despite high iNOS expression in many tumors, the role of iNOS is still unclear and complex with both enhancing and prohibiting actions in tumorigenesis. Nature presents a broad variety of natural stimulators and inhibitors, which may either promote or inhibit iNOS response. In the present review, we give an overview of iNOS-modulating agents with a special focus on both natural and synthetic molecules and their effects in related biological processes. The role of iNOS in physiological and pathological conditions is also discussed.
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47
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Tsai CK, Huang LC, Wu YP, Kan IY, Hueng DY. SNAP reverses temozolomide resistance in human glioblastoma multiforme cells through down-regulation of MGMT. FASEB J 2019; 33:14171-14184. [PMID: 31725331 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901021rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most frequently occurring and gravest primary tumor of the CNS in adults. The development of chemoresistance to temozolomide (TMZ), the first-line chemotherapy for GBM, is an important factor contributing to poor treatment outcomes. Down-regulation of O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) expression in GBM cells is an attractive strategy for overcoming TMZ resistance and improving outcomes. This study revealed that the nitric oxide (NO) donor S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP) exerts antitumorigenic effects on TMZ-sensitive and TMZ-resistant (TMZ-R) glioma cells. Pretreatment with SNAP not only induced apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, and hypoxia-inducing factor 1, but also resensitized TMZ-R GBM cells to TMZ through down-regulation of MGMT expression. SNAP acted principally through post-translational modification of p53, phosphorylated N-myc downstream regulated gene 1, and MGMT protein stability in TMZ-R GBM cells. Additionally, when applied together, SNAP and TMZ enhanced the inhibition of tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. This study sheds new light on a potential strategy to overcome TMZ resistance in GBM and thus possesses the potential for prolonging survival of patients with GBM.-Tsai, C.-K., Huang, L.-C., Wu, Y.-P., Kan, I.-Y., Hueng, D.-Y. SNAP reverses temozolomide resistance in human glioblastoma multiforme cells through down-regulation of MGMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Kuang Tsai
- Department of Neurology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Chun Huang
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ping Wu
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-Ying Kan
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Dueng-Yuan Hueng
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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Watanabe Y. Cardiac Na +/Ca 2+ exchange stimulators among cardioprotective drugs. J Physiol Sci 2019; 69:837-849. [PMID: 31664641 PMCID: PMC10717683 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-019-00721-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We previously reviewed our study of the pharmacological properties of cardiac Na+/Ca2+ exchange (NCX1) inhibitors among cardioprotective drugs, such as amiodarone, bepridil, dronedarone, cibenzoline, azimilide, aprindine, and benzyl-oxyphenyl derivatives (Watanabe et al. in J Pharmacol Sci 102:7-16, 2006). Since then we have continued our studies further and found that some cardioprotective drugs are NCX1 stimulators. Cardiac Na+/Ca2+ exchange current (INCX1) was stimulated by nicorandil (a hybrid ATP-sensitive K+ channel opener), pinacidil (a non-selective ATP-sensitive K+ channel opener), flecainide (an antiarrhythmic drug), and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) (an NO donor). Sildenafil (a phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor) further increased the pinacidil-induced augmentation of INCX1. In paper, here I review the NCX stimulants that enhance NCX function among the cardioprotective agents we examined such as nicorandil, pinacidil, SNP, sildenafil and flecainide, in addition to atrial natriuretic (ANP) and dofetilide, which were reported by other investigators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhide Watanabe
- Division of Pharmacological Science, Department of Health Science, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handa-yama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan.
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Saxton SN, Clark BJ, Withers SB, Eringa EC, Heagerty AM. Mechanistic Links Between Obesity, Diabetes, and Blood Pressure: Role of Perivascular Adipose Tissue. Physiol Rev 2019; 99:1701-1763. [PMID: 31339053 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00034.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is increasingly prevalent and is associated with substantial cardiovascular risk. Adipose tissue distribution and morphology play a key role in determining the degree of adverse effects, and a key factor in the disease process appears to be the inflammatory cell population in adipose tissue. Healthy adipose tissue secretes a number of vasoactive adipokines and anti-inflammatory cytokines, and changes to this secretory profile will contribute to pathogenesis in obesity. In this review, we discuss the links between adipokine dysregulation and the development of hypertension and diabetes and explore the potential for manipulating adipose tissue morphology and its immune cell population to improve cardiovascular health in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie N Saxton
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, Salford, United Kingdom; and Department of Physiology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ben J Clark
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, Salford, United Kingdom; and Department of Physiology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sarah B Withers
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, Salford, United Kingdom; and Department of Physiology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Etto C Eringa
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, Salford, United Kingdom; and Department of Physiology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Anthony M Heagerty
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, Salford, United Kingdom; and Department of Physiology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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50
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Luo W, Wang Y, Yang H, Dai C, Hong H, Li J, Liu Z, Guo Z, Chen X, He P, Li Z, Li F, Jiang J, Liu P, Li Z. Heme oxygenase-1 ameliorates oxidative stress-induced endothelial senescence via regulating endothelial nitric oxide synthase activation and coupling. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 10:1722-1744. [PMID: 30048241 PMCID: PMC6075439 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM Premature senescence of vascular endothelial cells is a leading cause of various cardiovascular diseases. Therapies targeting endothelial senescence would have important clinical implications. The present study was aimed to evaluate the potential of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) as a therapeutic target for endothelial senescence. METHODS AND RESULTS Upregulation of HO-1 by Hemin or adenovirus infection reversed H2O2-induced senescence in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs); whereas depletion of HO-1 by siRNA or HO-1 inhibitor protoporphyrin IX zinc (II) (ZnPP) triggered HUVEC senescence. Mechanistically, overexpression of HO-1 enhanced the interaction between HO-1 and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), and promoted the interaction between eNOS and its upstream kinase Akt, thus resulting in an enhancement of eNOS phosphorylation at Ser1177 and a subsequent increase of nitric oxide (NO) production. Moreover, HO-1 induction prevented the decrease of eNOS dimer/monomer ratio stimulated by H2O2 via its antioxidant properties. Contrarily, HO-1 silencing impaired eNOS phosphorylation and accelerated eNOS uncoupling. In vivo, Hemin treatment alleviated senescence of endothelial cells of the aorta from spontaneously hypertensive rats, through upregulating eNOS phosphorylation at Ser1177. CONCLUSIONS HO-1 ameliorated endothelial senescence through enhancing eNOS activation and defending eNOS uncoupling, suggesting that HO-1 is a potential target for treating endothelial senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwei Luo
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Infinitus (China) Co. Ltd, Guangzhou 510663, China
| | - Hanwei Yang
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Chunmei Dai
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Huiling Hong
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jingyan Li
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhiping Liu
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhen Guo
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xinyi Chen
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ping He
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ziqing Li
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Fang Li
- College of Life Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jianmin Jiang
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Peiqing Liu
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhuoming Li
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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