1
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Caruso AP, Logue JS. The biophysics of cell motility through mechanochemically challenging environments. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2024; 90:102404. [PMID: 39053178 PMCID: PMC11392632 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2024.102404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Challenging mechanochemical environments (i.e., with varied mechanical and adhesive properties) are now known to induce a wide range of adaptive phenomena in motile cells. For instance, confinement and low adhesion may trigger a phenotypic transition to fast amoeboid (leader bleb-based) migration. The molecular mechanisms that underly these phenomena are beginning to be understood. Due to its size, the mechanical properties of the nucleus have been shown to limit and facilitate cell migration. Additionally, the activity of various transient receptor potential (TRP) channels is now known to be integral to cell migration in response to a multitude of biophysical stimuli. How cells integrate signals from the nucleus and plasma membrane, however, is unclear. The development of therapeutics that suppress cancer or enhance immune cell migration for immuno-oncology applications, etc., will require additional work to completely understand the molecular mechanisms that enable cells to navigate mechanochemically challenging environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa P Caruso
- Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Ave, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Jeremy S Logue
- Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Ave, Albany, NY 12208, USA.
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2
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DeForest N, Wang Y, Zhu Z, Dron JS, Koesterer R, Natarajan P, Flannick J, Amariuta T, Peloso GM, Majithia AR. Genome-wide discovery and integrative genomic characterization of insulin resistance loci using serum triglycerides to HDL-cholesterol ratio as a proxy. Nat Commun 2024; 15:8068. [PMID: 39277575 PMCID: PMC11401929 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-52105-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance causes multiple epidemic metabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and fatty liver, but is not routinely measured in epidemiological studies. To discover novel insulin resistance genes in the general population, we conducted genome-wide association studies in 382,129 individuals for triglyceride to HDL-cholesterol ratio (TG/HDL), a surrogate marker of insulin resistance calculable from commonly measured serum lipid profiles. We identified 251 independent loci, of which 62 were more strongly associated with TG/HDL compared to TG or HDL alone, suggesting them as insulin resistance loci. Candidate causal genes at these loci were prioritized by fine mapping with directions-of-effect and tissue specificity annotated through analysis of protein coding and expression quantitative trait variation. Directions-of-effect were corroborated in an independent cohort of individuals with directly measured insulin resistance. We highlight two phospholipase encoding genes, PLA2G12A and PLA2G6, which liberate arachidonic acid and improve insulin sensitivity, and VGLL3, a transcriptional co-factor that increases insulin resistance partially through enhanced adiposity. Finally, we implicate the anti-apoptotic gene TNFAIP8 as a sex-dimorphic insulin resistance factor, which acts by increasing visceral adiposity, specifically in females. In summary, our study identifies several candidate modulators of insulin resistance that have the potential to serve as biomarkers and pharmacological targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie DeForest
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yuqi Wang
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Zhiyi Zhu
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jacqueline S Dron
- Center for Genomic Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Programs in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ryan Koesterer
- Programs in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Pradeep Natarajan
- Center for Genomic Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jason Flannick
- Programs in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tiffany Amariuta
- Halıcıoğlu Data Science Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Gina M Peloso
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amit R Majithia
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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Wiezel GA, Oliveira IS, Ferreira IG, Bordon KCF, Arantes EC. Hyperglycosylation impairs the inhibitory activity of rCdtPLI2, the first recombinant beta-phospholipase A 2 inhibitor. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 280:135581. [PMID: 39270892 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.135581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 08/24/2024] [Accepted: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
Crotoxin, a phospholipase A2 (PLA2) complex and the major Crotalus venom component, is responsible for the main symptoms described in crotalic snakebite envenomings and a key target for PLA2 inhibitors (PLIs). PLIs comprise the alpha, beta and gamma families, and, due to a lack of reports on beta-PLIs, this study aimed to heterologously express CdtPLI2 from Crotalus durissus terrificus venom gland to improve the knowledge of the neglected beta-PLI family. Thereby, recombinant CdtPLI2 (rCdtPLI2) was produced in the eukaryotic Pichia pastoris system to keep some native post-translational modifications. rCdtPLI2 (~41 kDa) presents both N- and O-linked glycans. Alpha-mannosidase digested-rCdtPLI2 (1 mol) strongly inhibited (73%) CB-Cdc catalytic activity (5 moles), demonstrating that glycosylations performed by P. pastoris affect rCdtPLI2 action. Digested-rCdtPLI2 also inhibited PLA2s from diverse Brazilian snake venoms. Furthermore, rCdtPLI2 (1 mol) abolished the catalytic activity of Lmr-PLA2 (5 moles) and reduced the CTx-Cdc (5 moles) enzyme activity by 65%, suppressing basic and acidic snake venom PLA2s. Additionally, crotalic antivenom did not recognize rCdtPLI2, suggesting a lack of neutralization by antivenom antibodies. These findings demonstrate that studying snake venom components may reveal interesting novel molecules to be studied in the snakebite treatment and help to understand these underexplored inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisele A Wiezel
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. do Café, s/n, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Isadora S Oliveira
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. do Café, s/n, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Isabela G Ferreira
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. do Café, s/n, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Karla C F Bordon
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. do Café, s/n, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Eliane C Arantes
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. do Café, s/n, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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4
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Gartly SC, Barretto LAF, Côté ACMT, Kosowan ZA, Fowler CC. A novel phospholipase A2 is a core component of the typhoid toxin genetic islet. J Biol Chem 2024:107758. [PMID: 39260696 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2024] [Revised: 08/31/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024] Open
Abstract
S. Typhi, the cause of typhoid fever, is a bacterial pathogen of substantial global importance. Typhoid toxin is a secreted AB-type toxin that is a key S. Typhi virulence factor encoded within a 5-gene genetic islet. Four genes in this islet have well-defined roles in typhoid toxin biology, however the function of the fifth gene is unknown. Here, we investigate the function of this gene, which we name ttaP. We show that ttaP is co-transcribed with the typhoid toxin subunit cdtB, and we perform genomic analyses that indicate that TtaP is very highly conserved in typhoid toxin islets found in diverse salmonellae. We show that TtaP is a distant homolog of group XIV secreted phospholipase A2 (PLA2) enzymes, and experimentally demonstrate that TtaP is a bona fide PLA2. Sequence and structural analyses indicate that TtaP differs substantially from characterized PLA2s, and thus represents a novel class of PLA2. Secretion assays revealed that TtaP is neither co-secreted with typhoid toxin, nor is it required for toxin secretion. Although TtaP is a phospholipase that remains associated with the S. Typhi cell, assays that probed for altered cell envelope integrity failed to identify any differences between wild-type S. Typhi and a ttaP deletion strain. Collectively, this study identifies a biochemical activity for the lone uncharacterized typhoid toxin islet gene and lays the groundwork for exploring how this gene factors into S. Typhi pathogenesis. This study further identifies a novel class of PLA2, enzymes that have a wide range of industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C Gartly
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G2E9
| | - Luke A F Barretto
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G2E9
| | | | - Zach A Kosowan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G2E9
| | - Casey C Fowler
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G2E9.
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Zhu H, Liang X, Ding J, Wang J, Li P, Zhou W, Wang J, Wu FA, Sheng S. Transcriptome analysis and functional study of phospholipase A 2 in Galleria mellonella larvae lipid metabolism in response to envenomation by an ectoparasitoid, Iseropus kuwanae. INSECT SCIENCE 2024. [PMID: 39219288 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
There is abundant evidence that parasitoids manipulate their hosts by envenomation to support the development and survival of their progeny before oviposition. However, the specific mechanism underlying host nutritional manipulation remains largely unclear. To gain a more comprehensive insight into the effects induced by the gregarious ectoparasitoid Iseropus kuwanae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) on the greater wax moth Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) larvae, we sequenced the transcriptome of both non-envenomed and envenomed G. mellonella larvae, specifically targeting genes related to lipid metabolism. The present study revealed that 202 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified and 9 DEGs were involved in lipid metabolism. The expression levels of these 9 DEGs relied on envenomation and the duration post-envenomation. Further, envenomation by I. kuwanae induced an increase in triglyceride (TG) level in the hemolymph of G. mellonella larvae. Furthermore, silencing GmPLA2 in G. mellonella larvae 24 h post-envenomation significantly decreased the content of 4 unsaturated fatty acids and TG levels in the hemolymph. The content of linoleic acid and α-linoleic acid were significantly decreased and the content of oleic acid was significantly increased by exogenous supplement of arachidonic acid. Meanwhile, the reduction in host lipid levels impairs the growth and development of wasp offspring. The present study provides valuable knowledge about the molecular mechanism of the nutritional interaction between parasitoids and their hosts and sheds light on the coevolution between parasitoids and host insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanqi Zhu
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinhao Liang
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianhao Ding
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinzheng Wang
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ping Li
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
- Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weihong Zhou
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
- Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Wang
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
- Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fu-An Wu
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
- Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sheng Sheng
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
- Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
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6
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Azizpor P, Okakpu OK, Parks SC, Chavez D, Eyabi F, Martinez-Beltran S, Nguyen S, Dillman AR. Polyunsaturated fatty acids stimulate immunity and eicosanoid production in Drosophila melanogaster. J Lipid Res 2024; 65:100608. [PMID: 39069231 PMCID: PMC11386307 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2024.100608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Eicosanoids are a class of molecules derived from C20 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) that play a vital role in mammalian and insect biological systems, including development, reproduction, and immunity. Recent research has shown that insects have significant but lower levels of C20 PUFAs in circulation in comparison to C18 PUFAs. It has been previously hypothesized in insects that eicosanoids are synthesized from C18 precursors, such as linoleic acid (LA), to produce downstream eicosanoids. In this study, we show that introduction of arachidonic acid (AA) stimulates production of cyclooxygenase, lipoxygenase, and cytochrome P450-derived eicosanoids. Downstream immune readouts showed that LA stimulates phagocytosis by hemocytes, while both LA and AA stimulate increased antimicrobial peptide production when D. melanogaster is exposed to a heat-killed bacterial pathogen. In totality, this work identifies PUFAs that are involved in insect immunity and adds evidence to the notion that Drosophila utilizes immunostimulatory lipid signaling to mitigate bacterial infections. Our understanding of immune signaling in the fly and its analogies to mammalian systems will increase the power and value of Drosophila as a model organism in immune studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pakeeza Azizpor
- Department of Nematology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Ogadinma K Okakpu
- Department of Nematology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Sophia C Parks
- Department of Nematology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Diego Chavez
- Department of Nematology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Fayez Eyabi
- Department of Nematology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | | | - Susan Nguyen
- Department of Nematology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Adler R Dillman
- Department of Nematology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA.
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Sukumaran S, Prasanna VM, Panicker LK, Nair AS, Oommen OV. Discovery of a new Daboia russelli viper venom PLA 2 inhibitor using virtual screening of pharmacophoric features of co-crystallized compound. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:6954-6967. [PMID: 37490072 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2238072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Snake venom PLA2, a member of the group of hydrolase enzymes, has been recognized as a promising drug target for snake envenomation. In the present study, an attempt was made to identify potential inhibitors of snake venom PLA2 by employing a pharmacophore-based virtual screening, docking, and dynamics approach. A receptor-based pharmacophore model was generated based on the features of the established and bound co-crystal ligand (2-carbamoylmethyl-5-propyl-octahydro-indol-7-yl)-acetic acid in the PLA2 complex. The best pharmacophore model (ADDH) derived, consisted of four features, namely one hydrogen bond acceptor, two hydrogen bond donors, and one hydrophobic region. This common pharmacophore was then used to perform virtual screening against a drug-like diverse database, with due consideration to the Lipinski 'rule of five', so as to obtain a pool of lead molecules. The short-listed lead molecules were then subjected to docking analysis with that of the Daboia russelli viper venom PLA2 followed by a molecular simulation study for a duration of 100 ns. CAP04815700 was chosen as the best compound based on the simulation parameters, which were then taken for MM/PBSA calculation, and it was revealed that it has a similar effective inhibitory potential as that of the crystal ligand. Further, the cluster analysis also revealed the structural significance of the backbone protein after the interaction with CAP04815700. This study will continue to explore its bioactivity in vitro and in vivo.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suveena Sukumaran
- Centre for venom informatics, Department of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Kerala, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
- Department of Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, University of Kerala, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - Vinod Manoharan Prasanna
- Centre for venom informatics, Department of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Kerala, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - Laladhas Krishna Panicker
- Centre for venom informatics, Department of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Kerala, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
- Department of Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, University of Kerala, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - Achuthsankar S Nair
- Centre for venom informatics, Department of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Kerala, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - Oommen V Oommen
- Centre for venom informatics, Department of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Kerala, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
- Department of Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, University of Kerala, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
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Hara A, Lu E, Johnstone L, Wei M, Sun S, Hallmark B, Watkins JC, Zhang HH, Yao G, Chilton FH. Identification of an Allele-Specific Transcription Factor Binding Interaction that May Regulate PLA2G2A Gene Expression. Bioinform Biol Insights 2024; 18:11779322241261427. [PMID: 39081667 PMCID: PMC11287738 DOI: 10.1177/11779322241261427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The secreted phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) isoform, sPLA2-IIA, has been implicated in a variety of diseases and conditions, including bacteremia, cardiovascular disease, COVID-19, sepsis, adult respiratory distress syndrome, and certain cancers. Given its significant role in these conditions, understanding the regulatory mechanisms impacting its levels is crucial. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), including rs11573156, that are associated with circulating levels of sPLA2-IIA. The work in the manuscript leveraged 4 publicly available datasets to investigate the mechanism by which rs11573156 influences sPLA2-IIA levels via bioinformatics and modeling analysis. Through genotype-tissue expression (GTEx), 234 expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) were identified for the gene that encodes for sPLA2-IIA, PLA2G2A. SNP2TFBS was used to ascertain the binding affinities between transcription factors (TFs) to both the reference and alternative alleles of identified eQTL SNPs. Subsequently, candidate TF-SNP interactions were cross-referenced with the ChIP-seq results in matched tissues from ENCODE. SP1-rs11573156 emerged as the significant TF-SNP pair in the liver. Further analysis revealed that the upregulation of PLA2G2A transcript levels through the rs11573156 variant was likely affected by tissue SP1 protein levels. Using an ordinary differential equation based on Michaelis-Menten kinetic assumptions, we modeled the dependence of PLA2G2A transcription on SP1 protein levels, incorporating the SNP influence. Collectively, our analysis strongly suggests that the difference in the binding dynamics of SP1 to different rs11573156 alleles may underlie the allele-specific PLA2G2A expression in different tissues, a mechanistic model that awaits future direct experimental validation. This mechanism likely contributes to the variation in circulating sPLA2-IIA protein levels in the human population, with implications for a wide range of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aki Hara
- School of Nutritional Sciences and Wellness, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Eric Lu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Laurel Johnstone
- School of Nutritional Sciences and Wellness, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Michelle Wei
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Shudong Sun
- Department of Mathematics, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Statistics Interdisciplinary Program, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Brian Hallmark
- BIO5 Institute, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Joseph C Watkins
- Department of Mathematics, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Statistics Interdisciplinary Program, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Hao Helen Zhang
- Department of Mathematics, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Statistics Interdisciplinary Program, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Guang Yao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Floyd H Chilton
- School of Nutritional Sciences and Wellness, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- BIO5 Institute, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Center for Precision Nutrition and Wellness, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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9
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Vatanparast M, Esmaeily M, Stanley D, Kim Y. A PLA2 deletion mutant using CRISPR/Cas9 coupled to RNASeq reveals insect immune genes associated with eicosanoid signaling. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0304958. [PMID: 39018338 PMCID: PMC11253937 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Eicosanoids mediate insect immune responses and synthesized by the catalytic activity of phospholipase A2 (PLA2). A uniquely encoded secretory PLA2 (sPLA2) is associated with immune responses of a lepidopteran insect, Spodoptera exigua. Its deletion mutant was generated using a CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing technology. Both wild and mutant lines were then immune-challenged, and the resulting transcripts were compared with their naïve transcripts by RNASeq using the Illumina-HiSeq platform. In total, 12,878 unigenes were further analyzed by differentially expressed gene tools. Over 69% of the expressed genes in S. exigua larvae are modulated in their expression levels by eicosanoids, recorded from CRISPR/Cas9 mutagenesis against an eicosanoid-synthetic gene, Se-sPLA2. Further, about 36% of the immune-associated genes are controlled by the eicosanoids in S. exigua. Indeed, the deletion mutant suffered significant immunosuppression in both cellular and humoral responses in response to bacterial challenge as well as severely reduced developmental and reproductive potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Vatanparast
- Department of Plant Medicals, Andong National University, Andong, Korea
- Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Epigenetics and RNAi Lab, Institute for Biosafety in Plant Biotechnology, Julius Kühn Institute (JKI), Quedlinburg, Germany
| | - Mojtaba Esmaeily
- Department of Plant Medicals, Andong National University, Andong, Korea
| | - David Stanley
- USDA/Agricultural Research Service, Biological Control of Insects Research Laboratory, Columbia, MO, United States of America
| | - Yonggyun Kim
- Department of Plant Medicals, Andong National University, Andong, Korea
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10
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Zhang Y, Zhang Q, Ma C, Chen G, Yue Y, Gao X, Yang J, Wan F, Zhou Z. Male-derived phospholipase A2 enhances WD46 expression and increases fertility in Ophraella communa. INSECT SCIENCE 2024. [PMID: 39012243 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Successful bisexual reproduction requires interactions between males and females. Male-derived seminal fluid proteins (SFPs) transferred to females during mating profoundly affect females from pre- to post-mating, and the subsequent shift in female physiology enhances their fertility. SFPs have important evolutionary implications for the fitness of many insects. However, little is known about how females respond to male SFPs. In this study, we identified a male-derived SFP-phospholipase A2 (PLA2) in Ophraella communa. PLA2 is a vital enzyme in eicosanoid biosynthesis; however, it has not been identified as an insect SFP. We found that OcPLA2 is specifically expressed in males, especially in the male accessory glands (MAGs); it is transferred to the female during mating and functions as an SFP to enhance fertility. The expression of a female-derived gene encoding the WD repeat-containing protein 46 (WD46) was upregulated when OcPLA2 entered the female reproductive tract, and this contributed to female egg production by increasing triacylglycerol lipase (TGL) gene expression and the triglyceride (TG) content. This is the first study to identify PLA2 as an SFP in insects. Our findings also shed light on the regulatory role of OcPLA2 in beetle reproduction; the expression of OcPLA2 is initially correlated with female WD46 expression and later with the decline in TGL gene expression and the TG content. This represents a unique mechanism of reproductive regulation by an SFP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qinglu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guangmei Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Yue
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuyuan Gao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biology for Crop Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Jingfang Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fanghao Wan
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongshi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Nanfan Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, Hainan Province, China
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11
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Mitri C, Philippart F, Sacco E, Legriel S, Rousselet N, Dupuis G, Colsch B, Corvol H, Touqui L, Tabary O. Multicentric investigations of the role in the disease severity of accelerated phospholipid changes in COVID-19 patient airway. Microbes Infect 2024; 26:105354. [PMID: 38754811 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2024.105354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT The changes in host membrane phospholipids are crucial in airway infection pathogenesis. Phospholipase A2 hydrolyzes host cell membranes, producing lyso-phospholipids and free fatty acids, including arachidonic acid (AA), which contributes significantly to lung inflammation. AIM Follow these changes and their evolution from day 1, day 3 to day 7 in airway aspirates of 89 patients with COVID-19-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome and examine whether they correlate with the severity of the disease. The patients were recruited in three French intensive care units. The analysis was conducted from admission to the intensive care unit until the end of the first week of mechanical ventilation. RESULTS In the airway aspirates, we found significant increases in the levels of host cell phospholipids, including phosphatidyl-serine and phosphatidyl-ethanolamine, and their corresponding lyso-phospholipids. This was accompanied by increased levels of AA and its inflammatory metabolite prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Additionally, enhanced levels of ceramides, sphingomyelin, and free cholesterol were observed in these aspirates. These lipids are known to be involved in cell death and/or apoptosis, whereas free cholesterol plays a role in virus entry and replication in host cells. However, there were no significant changes in the levels of dipalmitoyl-phosphatidylcholine, the major surfactant phospholipid. A correlation analysis revealed an association between mortality risk and levels of AA and PGE2, as well as host cell phospholipids. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate a correlation between heightened cellular phospholipid modifications and variations in AA and PGE2 with the severity of the disease in patients. Nevertheless, there is no indication of surfactant alteration in the initial phases of the illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christie Mitri
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm U938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), 75012, Paris, France
| | - François Philippart
- Endotoxins, Structures and Host Response, Department of Microbiology, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell, UMR 9891 CNRS-CEA-Paris Saclay University, 98190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint Joseph, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuelle Sacco
- Department of Clinical Research. Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint Joseph, Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Legriel
- Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Centre Hospitalier de Versailles, Le Chesnay, France
| | - Nathalie Rousselet
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm U938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), 75012, Paris, France
| | - Gabrielle Dupuis
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm U938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), 75012, Paris, France
| | - Benoît Colsch
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (MTS), MetaboHUB, F-91191, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Harriet Corvol
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm U938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), 75012, Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Trousseau, Service de Pneumologie Pédiatrique, 75012, Paris, France
| | - Lhousseine Touqui
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm U938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), 75012, Paris, France; Inserm, Institut Pasteur, Mucoviscidose et Bronchopathies Chroniques, Département Santé Globale, Paris, France.
| | - Olivier Tabary
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm U938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), 75012, Paris, France.
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Xing Y, Xie SY, Deng W, Tang QZ. Cardiolipin in myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion injury: From molecular mechanisms to clinical strategies. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 176:116936. [PMID: 38878685 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Myocardial reperfusion injury occurs when blood flow is restored after ischemia, an essential process to salvage ischemic tissue. However, this phenomenon is intricate, characterized by various harmful effects. Tissue damage in ischemia-reperfusion injury arises from various factors, including the production of reactive oxygen species, the sequestration of proinflammatory immune cells in ischemic tissues, the induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress, and the occurrence of postischemic capillary no-reflow. Secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) plays a crucial role in the eicosanoid pathway by releasing free arachidonic acid from membrane phospholipids' sn-2 position. This liberated arachidonic acid serves as a substrate for various eicosanoid biosynthetic enzymes, including cyclooxygenases, lipoxygenases, and cytochromes P450, ultimately resulting in inflammation and an elevated risk of reperfusion injury. Therefore, the activation of sPLA2 directly correlates with the heightened and accelerated damage observed in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI). Presently, clinical trials are in progress for medications aimed at sPLA2, presenting promising avenues for intervention. Cardiolipin (CL) plays a crucial role in maintaining mitochondrial function, and its alteration is closely linked to mitochondrial dysfunction observed in MIRI. This paper provides a critical analysis of CL modifications concerning mitochondrial dysfunction in MIRI, along with its associated molecular mechanisms. Additionally, it delves into various pharmacological approaches to prevent or alleviate MIRI, whether by directly targeting mitochondrial CL or through indirect means.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Xing
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan 430060, PR China
| | - Sai-Yang Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan 430060, PR China
| | - Wei Deng
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan 430060, PR China
| | - Qi-Zhu Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan 430060, PR China.
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13
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Soto-Arriaza M, Cena Ahumada E, Bonardd S, Melendez J. Calcein release from DPPC liposomes by phospholipase A2 activity: Effect of cholesterol and amphipathic copolymers. J Liposome Res 2024:1-13. [PMID: 38850012 DOI: 10.1080/08982104.2024.2361610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the impact of incorporating diblock and triblock amphiphilic copolymers, as well as cholesterol into DPPC liposomes on the release of a model molecule, calcein, mediated by exogenous phospholipase A2 activity. Our findings show that calcein release slows down in the presence of copolymers at low concentration, while at high concentration, the calcein release profile resembles that of the DPPC control. Additionally, calcein release mediated by exogenous PLA2 decreases as the amount of solubilized cholesterol increases, with a maximum between 18 mol% and 20 mol%. At concentrations higher than 24 mol%, no calcein release was observed. Studies conducted on HEK-293 and HeLa cells revealed that DPPC liposomes reduced viability by only 5% and 12%, respectively, after 3 hours of incubation, while DPPC liposome in presence of 33 mol% of Cholesterol reduced viability by approximately 11% and 23%, respectively, during the same incubation period. For formulations containing copolymers at low and high concentrations, cell viability decreased by approximately 20% and 40%, respectively, after 3 hours of incubation. Based on these preliminary results, we can conclude that the presence of amphiphilic copolymers at low concentration can be used in the design of new DPPC liposomes, and together with cholesterol, they can modulate liposome stabilization. The new formulations showed low cytotoxicity in HEK-293 cells, and it was observed that calcein release depended entirely on PLA2 activity and the presence of calcium ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Soto-Arriaza
- Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Eduardo Cena Ahumada
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Sebastián Bonardd
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CSIC, UPV/EHU)-Materials Physics Center (MPC), Donostia-San Sebastían, Spain
- Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
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14
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Sarkar C, Lipinski MM. Glycerophospholipid dysregulation after traumatic brain injury. Neurochem Int 2024; 175:105701. [PMID: 38428503 PMCID: PMC11040658 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2024.105701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Brain tissue is highly enriched in lipids, the majority of which are glycerophospholipids. Glycerophospholipids are the major constituents of cellular membranes and play an important role in maintaining integrity and function of cellular and subcellular structures. Any changes in glycerophospholipid homeostasis can adversely affect brain functions. Traumatic brain injury (TBI), an acquired injury caused by the impact of external forces to the brain, triggers activation of secondary biochemical events that include perturbation of lipid homeostasis. Several studies have demonstrated glycerophospholipid dysregulation in the brain and circulation after TBI. This includes spatial and temporal changes in abundance and distribution of glycerophospholipids in the injured brain. This is at least in part mediated by TBI-induced oxidative stress and by activation of lipid metabolism pathways involved in tissue repairing. In this review, we discuss current advances in understanding of the mechanisms and implications of glycerophospholipid dysregulation following TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinmoy Sarkar
- Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR) Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
| | - Marta M Lipinski
- Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR) Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA; Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
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15
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Dutta S, Chhabra R, Muthusamy V, Gain N, Subramani R, Sarika K, Devi EL, Madhavan J, Zunjare RU, Hossain F. Allelic variation and haplotype diversity of Matrilineal ( MTL) gene governing in vivo maternal haploid induction in maize. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 30:823-838. [PMID: 38846462 PMCID: PMC11150217 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-024-01456-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Diverse haploid inducer lines with > 6% of haploid induction rate are now routinely used to develop doubled haploid lines. Though MTL gene regulates haploid induction, its molecular characterization and haplotype analysis in maize and its related species have not been undertaken so far. In the present study, the entire 1812 bp long MTL gene was sequenced among two mutant and eight wild-type inbreds. A 4 bp insertion differentiated the mutant from the wild-type allele. Sequence analysis further revealed 103 polymorphic sites including 38 InDels and 65 SNPs. A total of 15 conserved regions were detected, of which exon-4 was the most conserved. Ten gene-based markers specific to MTL revealed the presence of 40 haplotypes among diverse 48 inbreds of exotic and indigenous origin. It generated 20 alleles with an average of two alleles per locus. The mean polymorphic information content was 0.3247 with mean gene diversity of 0.4135. A total of 15 paralogous sequences of MTL were detected in maize genome with 3-7 exons. Maize MTL proteins of both wild-type and mutant were non-polar in nature, and they possessed four domains. R1-nj-based haploid inducer (HI) lines viz., Pusa-HI-101 and Pusa-HI-102 had an average haploid induction rate of 8.45 ± 0.96% and 10.46 ± 1.15%, respectively. Lines wild-type MTL gene did not generate any haploid. In comparison with 27 orthologues of 21 grass species, maize MTL gene had the closest ancestry with Saccharum spontaneum and Sorghum. The information generated here assumes great significance in understanding the diversity of MTL gene and presence of paralogues and orthologues. This is the first report on haplotype analysis and molecular characterization of MTL gene in maize and related grass species. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-024-01456-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Dutta
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Rashmi Chhabra
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Vignesh Muthusamy
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Nisrita Gain
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Konsam Sarika
- ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Manipur Centre, Lamphelpat, India
| | - Elangbam L. Devi
- ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Sikkim Centre, Gangtok, India
| | - Jayanthi Madhavan
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajkumar U. Zunjare
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Firoz Hossain
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
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16
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Ye JH, Chen YL, Ogg G. CD1a and skin T cells: a pathway for therapeutic intervention. Clin Exp Dermatol 2024; 49:450-458. [PMID: 38173286 PMCID: PMC11037390 DOI: 10.1093/ced/llad460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The CD1 and MR1 protein families present lipid antigens and small molecules to T cells, complementing well-studied major histocompatibility complex-peptide mechanisms. The CD1a subtype is highly and continuously expressed within the skin, most notably on Langerhans cells, and has been demonstrated to present self and foreign lipids to T cells, highlighting its cutaneous sentinel role. Alteration of CD1a-dependent T-cell responses has recently been discovered to contribute to the pathogenesis of several inflammatory skin diseases. In this review, we overview the structure and role of CD1a and outline the current evidence implicating CD1a in the development of psoriasis, atopic dermatitis and allergic contact dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- John H Ye
- MRC Translational Immune Discovery Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Yi-Ling Chen
- MRC Translational Immune Discovery Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Graham Ogg
- MRC Translational Immune Discovery Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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17
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Ikeda T, Yamaguchi Y, Oyama H, Matsushita A, Tsunaka Y, Fukuhara M, Torisu T, Uchiyama S. Higher-Order Structure of Adeno-Associated Virus Serotype 8 by Hydrogen/Deuterium Exchange Mass Spectrometry. Viruses 2024; 16:585. [PMID: 38675928 PMCID: PMC11053801 DOI: 10.3390/v16040585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The higher-order structure (HOS) is a critical quality attribute of recombinant adeno-associated viruses (rAAVs). Evaluating the HOS of the entire rAAV capsid is challenging because of the flexibility and/or less folded nature of the VP1 unique (VP1u) and VP1/VP2 common regions, which are structural features essential for these regions to exert their functions following viral infection. In this study, hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS) was used for the structural analysis of full and empty rAAV8 capsids. We obtained 486 peptides representing 85% sequence coverage. Surprisingly, the VP1u region showed rapid deuterium uptake even though this region contains the phospholipase A2 domain composed primarily of α-helices. The comparison of deuterium uptake between full and empty capsids showed significant protection from hydrogen/deuterium exchange in the full capsid at the channel structure of the 5-fold symmetry axis. This corresponds to cryo-electron microscopy studies in which the extended densities were observed only in the full capsid. In addition, deuterium uptake was reduced in the VP1u region of the full capsid, suggesting the folding and/or interaction of this region with the encapsidated genome. This study demonstrated HDX-MS as a powerful method for probing the structure of the entire rAAV capsid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiko Ikeda
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan; (T.I.); (Y.Y.); (H.O.); (A.M.); (Y.T.); (M.F.); (T.T.)
| | - Yuki Yamaguchi
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan; (T.I.); (Y.Y.); (H.O.); (A.M.); (Y.T.); (M.F.); (T.T.)
| | - Hiroaki Oyama
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan; (T.I.); (Y.Y.); (H.O.); (A.M.); (Y.T.); (M.F.); (T.T.)
| | - Aoba Matsushita
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan; (T.I.); (Y.Y.); (H.O.); (A.M.); (Y.T.); (M.F.); (T.T.)
| | - Yasuo Tsunaka
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan; (T.I.); (Y.Y.); (H.O.); (A.M.); (Y.T.); (M.F.); (T.T.)
| | - Mitsuko Fukuhara
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan; (T.I.); (Y.Y.); (H.O.); (A.M.); (Y.T.); (M.F.); (T.T.)
| | - Tetsuo Torisu
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan; (T.I.); (Y.Y.); (H.O.); (A.M.); (Y.T.); (M.F.); (T.T.)
| | - Susumu Uchiyama
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan; (T.I.); (Y.Y.); (H.O.); (A.M.); (Y.T.); (M.F.); (T.T.)
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8787, Aichi, Japan
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18
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English CJ, Jones M, Lohning AE, Mayr HL, MacLaughlin H, Reidlinger DP. Associations between healthy food groups and platelet-activating factor, lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A 2 and C-reactive protein: a cross-sectional study. Eur J Nutr 2024; 63:445-460. [PMID: 38063929 PMCID: PMC10899352 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03277-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the association between pro-inflammatory markers platelet-activating factor (PAF), lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2), hsCRP, and intake of core food groups including fruit, cruciferous and other vegetables, grains, meat and poultry, fish and seafood, nuts and legumes, and dairy. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted. 100 adults (49 ± 13 years, 31% male) with variable cardiovascular disease risk were recruited. Data were collected in 2021 and 2022. Fasting PAF, Lp-PLA2 activity, hsCRP and usual dietary intake (via a validated food frequency questionnaire) were measured. Intake of foods were converted into serves and classified into food groups. Correlations and multiple regressions were performed with adjustment for confounders. RESULTS A one-serve increase in cruciferous vegetables per day was associated with 20-24% lower PAF levels. An increase of one serve per day of nuts and legumes was associated with 40% lower hsCRP levels. There were small correlations with PAF and Lp-PLA2 and cheese, however, these were not significant at the Bonferroni-adjusted P < 0.005 level. CONCLUSION The lack of associations between PAF and Lp-PLA2 and other healthy foods may be due to confounding by COVID-19 infection and vaccination programs which prevents any firm conclusion on the relationship between PAF, Lp-PLA2 and food groups. Future research should aim to examine the relationship with these novel markers and healthy food groups in a non-pandemic setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn J English
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, QLD, Australia
| | - Mark Jones
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Institute of Evidence-Based Healthcare, Bond University, Robina, QLD, Australia
| | - Anna E Lohning
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, QLD, Australia
| | - Hannah L Mayr
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, QLD, Australia
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Functioning and Health Research, Metro South Hospital and Health Service, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Helen MacLaughlin
- Faculty of Health, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
- Nutrition Research Collaborative, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Dianne P Reidlinger
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, QLD, Australia.
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19
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Tang Z, Gaskins AJ, Hood RB, Ford JB, Hauser R, Smith AK, Everson TM. Former smoking associated with epigenetic modifications in human granulosa cells among women undergoing assisted reproduction. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5009. [PMID: 38424222 PMCID: PMC10904848 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54957-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Smoking exposure during adulthood can disrupt oocyte development in women, contributing to infertility and possibly adverse birth outcomes. Some of these effects may be reflected in epigenome profiles in granulosa cells (GCs) in human follicular fluid. We compared the epigenetic modifications throughout the genome in GCs from women who were former (N = 15) versus never smokers (N = 44) undergoing assisted reproductive technologies (ART). This study included 59 women undergoing ART. Smoking history including time since quitting was determined by questionnaire. GCs were collected during oocyte retrieval and DNA methylation (DNAm) levels were profiled using the Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChip. We performed an epigenome-wide association study with robust linear models, regressing DNAm level at individual loci on smoking status, adjusting for age, ovarian stimulation protocol, and three surrogate variables. We performed differentially methylated regions (DMRs) analysis and over-representation analysis of the identified CpGs and corresponding gene set. 81 CpGs were differentially methylated among former smokers compared to never smokers (FDR < 0.05). We identified 2 significant DMRs (KCNQ1 and RHBDD2). The former smoking-associated genes were enriched in oxytocin signaling, adrenergic signaling in cardiomyocytes, platelet activation, axon guidance, and chemokine signaling pathway. These epigenetic variations have been associated with inflammatory responses, reproductive outcomes, cancer development, neurodevelopmental disorder, and cardiometabolic health. Secondarily, we examined the relationships between time since quitting and DNAm at significant CpGs. We observed three CpGs in negative associations with the length of quitting smoking (p < 0.05), which were cg04254052 (KCNIP1), cg22875371 (OGDHL), and cg27289628 (LOC148145), while one in positive association, which was cg13487862 (PLXNB1). As a pilot study, we demonstrated epigenetic modifications associated with former smoking in GCs. The study is informative to potential biological pathways underlying the documented association between smoking and female infertility and biomarker discovery for smoking-associated reproductive outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyin Tang
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Audrey J Gaskins
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Robert B Hood
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jennifer B Ford
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Russ Hauser
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alicia K Smith
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Todd M Everson
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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20
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de Castro T, van Heule M, Domingues RR, Jacob JCF, Daels PF, Meyers SA, Conley AJ, Dini P. Embryo-endometrial interaction associated with the location of the embryo during the mobility phase in mares. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3151. [PMID: 38326534 PMCID: PMC10850102 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53578-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Embryo-maternal crosstalk is essential to establish pregnancy, with the equine embryo moving throughout the uterus on days 9-15 (ovulation = day 0) as part of this interaction. We hypothesized that the presence of a mobile embryo induces local changes in the gene expression of the endometrium. On Day 12, the endometrial transcripts were compared among three groups: uterine horn with an embryo (P+, n = 7), without an embryo (P-, n = 7) in pregnant mares, and both uterine horns of nonbred mares (NB, n = 6). We identified 1,101 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between P+ vs. NB and 1,229 DEGs between P- vs. NB. The genes upregulated in both P+ and P- relative to NB were involved in growth factor pathway and fatty acid activation, while downregulated genes were associated with oxytocin signaling pathway and estrogen receptor signaling. Comparing the transcriptome of P+ to that of P-, we found 59 DEGs, of which 30 genes had a higher expression in P+. These genes are associated with regulating vascular growth factors and the immune system, all known to be essential in early pregnancy. Overall, this study suggests that the mobile embryo influences the endometrial gene expression locally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thadeu de Castro
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Machteld van Heule
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Department of Morphology, Imaging, Orthopedics, Rehabilitation and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ghent, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Rafael R Domingues
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Julio C F Jacob
- Departmento de Reprodução E Avalição Animal, Universidade Federal Rural Do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janiro, 23897-000, Brazil
| | - Peter F Daels
- Department of Morphology, Imaging, Orthopedics, Rehabilitation and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ghent, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Stuart A Meyers
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Alan J Conley
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Pouya Dini
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
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Jin G, Hrithik MTH, Mandal E, Kil EJ, Jung C, Kim Y. Phospholipase A2 activity is required for immune defense of European (Apis mellifera) and Asian (Apis cerana) honeybees against American foulbrood pathogen, Paenibacillus larvae. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0290929. [PMID: 38319944 PMCID: PMC10846722 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Honeybees require an efficient immune system to defend against microbial pathogens. The American foulbrood pathogen, Paenibacillus larvae, is lethal to honeybees and one of the main causes of colony collapse. This study investigated the immune responses of Apis mellifera and Apis cerana honeybees against the bacterial pathogen P. larvae. Both species of honeybee larvae exhibited significant mortality even at 102 103 cfu/mL of P. larvae by diet-feeding, although A. mellifera appeared to be more tolerant to the bacterial pathogen than A. cerana. Upon bacterial infection, the two honeybee species expressed both cellular and humoral immune responses. Hemocytes of both species exhibited characteristic spreading behaviors, accompanied by cytoskeletal extension along with F-actin growth, and formed nodules. Larvae of both species also expressed an antimicrobial peptide called apolipophorin III (ApoLpIII) in response to bacterial infection. However, these immune responses were significantly suppressed by a specific inhibitor to phospholipase A2 (PLA2). Each honeybee genome encodes four PLA2 genes (PLA2A ~ PLA2D), representing four orthologous combinations between the two species. In response to P. larvae infection, both species significantly up-regulated PLA2 enzyme activities and the expression of all four PLA2 genes. To determine the roles of the four PLA2s in the immune responses, RNA interference (RNAi) was performed by injecting gene-specific double stranded RNAs (dsRNAs). All four RNAi treatments significantly suppressed the immune responses, and specific inhibition of the two secretory PLA2s (PLA2A and PLA2B) potently suppressed nodule formation and ApoLpIII expression. These results demonstrate the cellular and humoral immune responses of A. mellifera and A. cerana against P. larvae. This study suggests that eicosanoids play a crucial role in mediating common immune responses in two closely related honeybees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gahyeon Jin
- Department of Plant Medicals, Andong National University, Andong, Korea
| | | | - Eeshita Mandal
- Department of Plant Medicals, Andong National University, Andong, Korea
| | - Eui-Joon Kil
- Department of Plant Medicals, Andong National University, Andong, Korea
| | - Chuleui Jung
- Department of Plant Medicals, Andong National University, Andong, Korea
| | - Yonggyun Kim
- Department of Plant Medicals, Andong National University, Andong, Korea
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22
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Parra LG, Erjavec LC, Casali CI, Zerpa Velazquez A, Weber K, Setton-Avruj CP, Fernández Tome MDC. Cytosolic phospholipase A 2 regulates lipid homeostasis under osmotic stress through PPARγ. FEBS J 2024; 291:722-743. [PMID: 37947039 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Physiologically, renal medullary cells are surrounded by a hyperosmolar interstitium. However, different pathological situations can induce abrupt changes in environmental osmolality, causing cell stress. Therefore, renal cells must adapt to survive in this new condition. We previously demonstrated that, among the mechanisms involved in osmoprotection, renal cells upregulate triglyceride biosynthesis (which helps preserve glycerophospholipid synthesis and membrane homeostasis) and cyclooxygenase-2 (which generates prostaglandins from arachidonic acid) to maintain lipid metabolism in renal tissue. Herein, we evaluated whether hyperosmolality modulates phospholipase A2 (PLA2 ) activity, leading to arachidonic acid release from membrane glycerophospholipid, and investigated its possible role in hyperosmolality-induced triglyceride synthesis and accumulation. We found that hyperosmolality induced PLA2 expression and activity in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells. Cytosolic PLA2 (cPLA2) inhibition, but not secreted or calcium-independent PLA2 (sPLA2 or iPLA2 , respectively), prevented triglyceride synthesis and reduced cell survival. Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis with indomethacin not only failed to prevent hyperosmolality-induced triglyceride synthesis but also exacerbated it. Similar results were observed with the peroxisomal proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) agonist rosiglitazone. Furthermore, hyperosmolality increased free intracellular arachidonic acid levels, which were even higher when prostaglandin synthesis was inhibited by indomethacin. Blocking PPARγ with GW-9662 prevented the effects of both indomethacin and rosiglitazone on triglyceride synthesis and even reduced hyperosmolality-induced triglyceride synthesis, suggesting that arachidonic acid may stimulate triglyceride synthesis through PPARγ activation. These results highlight the role of cPLA2 in osmoprotection, since it is essential to provide arachidonic acid, which is involved in PPARγ-regulated triglyceride synthesis, thus guaranteeing cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Gastón Parra
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas Prof. Dr. Alejandro C. Paladini (IQUIFIB)-Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luciana Cecilia Erjavec
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas Prof. Dr. Alejandro C. Paladini (IQUIFIB)-Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Irene Casali
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas Prof. Dr. Alejandro C. Paladini (IQUIFIB)-Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrea Zerpa Velazquez
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Karen Weber
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Clara Patricia Setton-Avruj
- Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas Prof. Dr. Alejandro C. Paladini (IQUIFIB)-Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departaemento de Química Biológica, Cátedra de Química Biológica Patológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Del Carmen Fernández Tome
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas Prof. Dr. Alejandro C. Paladini (IQUIFIB)-Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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23
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Lyu B, Li J, Niemeyer B, Anderson D, Beerntsen B, Song Q. Identification, structural modeling, gene expression analysis and RNAi effect of putative phospholipase A 2 in the lone star tick Amblyomma americanum. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2024; 15:102256. [PMID: 37734164 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2023.102256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Amblyomma americanum, also known as the lone star tick, is a small arachnid that feeds on blood and can spread disease to humans and other animals. Despite the overlapped ecological niche, geographic distribution, and host selection, there is no proof that A. americanum transmits the pathogen Borrelia burgdorferi that causes Lyme disease. Studies have shown that phospholipase A2 (PLA2) may act as a tool to eliminate B. burgdorferi, but particular PLA2 genes in A. americanum have not been identified and functionally characterized. Using the de novo sequencing method, we identified 42 putative A. americanum PLA2 (pAaPLA2) homologs in the present study, of which three pAaPLA2 had calcium binding sites and canonical histidine catalytic sites. Then, we determined phylogenetic relationships, sequence alignments, and conserved protein motifs of these pAaPLA2s. Protein structural analysis demonstrated that pAaPLA2s primarily consisted of α-helices, β-sheets, and random coils. These genes were predicted to be engaged in the phospholipid metabolic process, arachidonic acid secretion, and PLA2 activity by functional annotation analysis. A transcriptional factor (Bgb) was discovered that interacted with pAaPLA2 proteins that may have unrecognized roles in regulating neuronal development. Based on the RNA-seq data, we surveyed expression profiles of key pAaPLA2-related genes to reveal putative modulatory networks of these genes. RNAi knockdown of pAaPLA2_1, a dominant isoform in A. americanum, led to decreased bacterial inhibition ability, suggesting pAaPLA2 may play an important role in mediating immune responses. Collectively, this study provides essential evidence of the identification, gene structure, phylogeny, and expression analysis of pAaPLA2 genes in A. americanum, and offers a deeper understanding of the putative borreliacidal roles in the lone star tick.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Lyu
- Division of Plant Science and Technology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Jingjing Li
- Division of Plant Science and Technology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Brigid Niemeyer
- Division of Plant Science and Technology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Deborah Anderson
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Brenda Beerntsen
- Division of Plant Science and Technology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Qisheng Song
- Division of Plant Science and Technology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
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24
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Hara A, Lu E, Johnstone L, Wei M, Sun S, Hallmark B, Watkins JC, Zhang HH, Yao G, Chilton FH. Identification of an allele-specific transcription factor binding interaction that regulates PLA2G2A gene expression. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.12.571290. [PMID: 38168258 PMCID: PMC10760018 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.12.571290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The secreted phospholipase A 2 (sPLA 2 ) isoform, sPLA 2 -IIA, has been implicated in a variety of diseases and conditions, including bacteremia, cardiovascular disease, COVID-19, sepsis, adult respiratory distress syndrome, and certain cancers. Given its significant role in these conditions, understanding the regulatory mechanisms impacting its levels is crucial. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), including rs11573156, that are associated with circulating levels of sPLA 2 -IIA. Through Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx), 234 expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) were identified for the gene that encodes for sPLA 2 -IIA, PLA2G2A . SNP2TFBS ( https://ccg.epfl.ch/snp2tfbs/ ) was utilized to ascertain the binding affinities between transcription factors (TFs) to both the reference and alternative alleles of identified SNPs. Subsequently, ChIP-seq peaks highlighted the TF combinations that specifically bind to the SNP, rs11573156. SP1 emerged as a significant TF/SNP pair in liver cells, with rs11573156/SP1 interaction being most prominent in liver, prostate, ovary, and adipose tissues. Further analysis revealed that the upregulation of PLA2G2A transcript levels through the rs11573156 variant was affected by tissue SP1 protein levels. By leveraging an ordinary differential equation, structured upon Michaelis-Menten enzyme kinetics assumptions, we modeled the PLA2G2A transcription's dependence on SP1 protein levels, incorporating the SNP's influence. Collectively, these data strongly suggest that the binding affinity differences of SP1 for the different rs11573156 alleles can influence PLA2G2A expression. This, in turn, can modulate sPLA2-IIA levels, impacting a wide range of human diseases.
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25
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Shi G, Cheng J, Zhou Y, Ren F, Bu Y. BmPxt1 mediated immune response by regulating PGE 2 in silkworm, Bombyx mori. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 197:105693. [PMID: 38072548 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Prostaglandins (PGs) mediates the immune response of insects to multiple stimuli. Mammalian cyclooxygenase (COXs) is a key enzyme in the synthesis of PGs, and peroxinectin (Pxt) may have similar functions in some sequenced insect genomes. As a representative of Lepidoptera, the silkworm also contains PGs, but its synthetic pathway is not clear. We cloned a full-length cDNA encoding a Pxt, designated as BmPxt1, from silkworm. Sequence alignment analysis showed that the protein encoded by BmPxt1 has a conserved domain similar to Pxts, and its catalytic site is shared with the Pxt of Manduca sexta, which also produces PGs. The expression of BmPxt1 gene was the highest in the hemocytes and was induced by Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus (NPV) challenge in the detected tissues. Moreover, we found that dsPxt1 treatment deficiency down-regulated BmPxt1 transcript levels and efficiently inhibiting hemocyte-spreading and nodule formation in silkworm. Hemocyte-spreading, nodule formation, phenoloxidase (PO) and AMP genes (attacin, defencin and moricin) were also inhibited by aspirin, a COX inhibitor. Treatment by PGE2 but not arachidonic acid (AA) rescued the immunosuppression; PGs concentrations was also inhibited by aspirin. PGE2, but not AA, treatment rescued the PGs concentrations. The COX inhibitor, aspirin, impaired the innate immune response including nodulation, encapsulation, and melanization in silkworm, while PGE2, but not arachidonic acid (AA), partially reversed these effects of aspirin. Recombinant BmsPxt1 significantly induced PO activation in larvae hemolymph, PGs concentrations and encapsulation of agarose beads. Injection of recombinant BmsPxt1 into larvae resulted in increased transcript levels of AMP genes. Our results confirmed that BmPxt1 was involved in the synthesis of PGs in the innate immune response of silkworm larvae, and provided new information for the role of BmsPxt1 secreted by silkworm in activating PO and antimicrobial peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiqin Shi
- Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
| | - Junquan Cheng
- Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Fei Ren
- Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yanxiao Bu
- Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450002, China
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26
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Yaacoub C, Wehbe R, Roufayel R, Fajloun Z, Coutard B. Bee Venom and Its Two Main Components-Melittin and Phospholipase A2-As Promising Antiviral Drug Candidates. Pathogens 2023; 12:1354. [PMID: 38003818 PMCID: PMC10674158 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12111354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Viruses are known to infect most types of organisms. In humans, they can cause several diseases that range from mild to severe. Although many antiviral therapies have been developed, viral infections continue to be a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Therefore, the discovery of new and effective antiviral agents is desperately needed. Animal venoms are a rich source of bioactive molecules found in natural goods that have been used since ancient times in alternative medicine to treat a variety of human diseases. Recently, and with the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, scientists have regained their interest in the possible use of natural products, such as bee venom (BV), as a potential antiviral agent to treat viral infections. BV is known to exert many therapeutic activities such as anti-proliferative, anti-bacterial, and anti-inflammatory effects. However, there is limited discussion of the antiviral activity of BV in the literature. Therefore, this review aims to highlight the antiviral properties of BV and its two primary constituents, melittin (MEL) and phospholipase A2 (PLA2), against a variety of enveloped and non-enveloped viruses. Finally, the innovative strategies used to reduce the toxicity of BV and its two compounds for the development of new antiviral treatments are also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole Yaacoub
- Unité des Virus Emergents, Aix-Marseille University, IRD 190-Inserm 1207, IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France;
- Laboratory of Applied Biotechnology (LBA3B), Azm Center for Research in Biotechnology and Its Applications, Doctoral School for Sciences and Technology, Lebanese University, Tripoli 1300, Lebanon;
| | - Rim Wehbe
- Biology Department, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon;
| | - Rabih Roufayel
- College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, Egaila 54200, Kuwait;
| | - Ziad Fajloun
- Laboratory of Applied Biotechnology (LBA3B), Azm Center for Research in Biotechnology and Its Applications, Doctoral School for Sciences and Technology, Lebanese University, Tripoli 1300, Lebanon;
- Faculty of Sciences III, Department of Biology, Michel Slayman Tripoli Campus, Lebanese University, Tripoli 1352, Lebanon
| | - Bruno Coutard
- Unité des Virus Emergents, Aix-Marseille University, IRD 190-Inserm 1207, IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France;
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27
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Caddeo A, Spagnuolo R, Maurotti S. MBOAT7 in liver and extrahepatic diseases. Liver Int 2023; 43:2351-2364. [PMID: 37605540 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
MBOAT7 is a protein anchored to endomembranes by several transmembrane domains. It has a catalytic dyad involved in remodelling of phosphatidylinositol with polyunsaturated fatty acids. Genetic variants in the MBOAT7 gene have been associated with the entire spectrum of non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD), recently redefined as metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) and, lately, steatotic liver disease (SLD), and to an increasing number of extrahepatic conditions. In this review, we will (a) elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which MBOAT7 loss-of-function predisposes to MAFLD and neurodevelopmental disorders and (b) discuss the growing number of genetic studies linking MBOAT7 to hepatic and extrahepatic diseases. MBOAT7 complete loss of function causes severe changes in brain development resulting in several neurological manifestations. Lower MBOAT7 hepatic expression at both the mRNA and protein levels, due to missense nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the locus containing the MBOAT7 gene, affects specifically metabolic and viral diseases in the liver from simple steatosis to hepatocellular carcinoma, and potentially COVID-19 disease. This body of evidence shows that phosphatidylinositol remodelling is a key factor for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Caddeo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Oncology and Molecular Pathology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Rocco Spagnuolo
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Samantha Maurotti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
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28
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Messadi E. Snake Venom Components as Therapeutic Drugs in Ischemic Heart Disease. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1539. [PMID: 37892221 PMCID: PMC10605524 DOI: 10.3390/biom13101539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease (IHD), especially myocardial infarction (MI), is a leading cause of death worldwide. Although coronary reperfusion is the most straightforward treatment for limiting the MI size, it has nevertheless been shown to exacerbate ischemic myocardial injury. Therefore, identifying and developing therapeutic strategies to treat IHD is a major medical challenge. Snake venoms contain biologically active proteins and peptides that are of major interest for pharmacological applications in the cardiovascular system (CVS). This has led to their use for the development and design of new drugs, such as the first-in-class angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor captopril, developed from a peptide present in Bothrops jararaca snake venom. This review discusses the potential usefulness of snake venom toxins for developing effective treatments against IHD and related diseases such as hypertension and atherosclerosis. It describes their biological effects at the molecular scale, their mechanisms of action according to their different pharmacological properties, as well as their subsequent molecular pathways and therapeutic targets. The molecules reported here have either been approved for human medical use and are currently available on the drug market or are still in the clinical or preclinical developmental stages. The information summarized here may be useful in providing insights into the development of future snake venom-derived drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erij Messadi
- Plateforme de Physiologie et Physiopathologie Cardiovasculaires (P2C), Laboratoire des Biomolécules, Venins et Applications Théranostiques (LR20IPT01), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1068, Tunisia
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29
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Hervé P, Monic S, Bringaud F, Rivière L. Phospholipases A and Lysophospholipases in protozoan parasites. MICROBIAL CELL (GRAZ, AUSTRIA) 2023; 10:204-216. [PMID: 37786811 PMCID: PMC10513453 DOI: 10.15698/mic2023.10.805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Phospholipases (PLs) and Lysophospholipases (LysoPLs) are a diverse group of esterases responsible for phospholipid or lysophospholipid hydrolysis. They are involved in several biological processes, including lipid catabolism, modulation of the immune response and membrane maintenance. PLs are classified depending on their site of hydrolysis as PLA1, PLA2, PLC and PLD. In many pathogenic microorganisms, from bacteria to fungi, PLAs and LysoPLs have been described as critical virulence and/or pathogenicity factors. In protozoan parasites, a group containing major human and animal pathogens, growing literature show that PLAs and LysoPLs are also involved in the host infection. Their ubiquitous presence and role in host-pathogen interactions make them particularly interesting to study. In this review, we summarize the literature on PLAs and LysoPLs in several protozoan parasites of medical relevance, and discuss the growing interest for them as potential drug and vaccine targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perrine Hervé
- Université de Bordeaux, Microbiologie Fondamentale et Pathogénicité, CNRS UMR 5234, Bordeaux, France
| | - Sarah Monic
- Université de Bordeaux, Microbiologie Fondamentale et Pathogénicité, CNRS UMR 5234, Bordeaux, France
| | - Frédéric Bringaud
- Université de Bordeaux, Microbiologie Fondamentale et Pathogénicité, CNRS UMR 5234, Bordeaux, France
| | - Loïc Rivière
- Université de Bordeaux, Microbiologie Fondamentale et Pathogénicité, CNRS UMR 5234, Bordeaux, France
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30
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Oh M, Jang SY, Lee JY, Kim JW, Jung Y, Kim J, Seo J, Han TS, Jang E, Son HY, Kim D, Kim MW, Park JS, Song KH, Oh KJ, Kim WK, Bae KH, Huh YM, Kim SH, Kim D, Han BS, Lee SC, Hwang GS, Lee EW. The lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 inhibitor Darapladib sensitises cancer cells to ferroptosis by remodelling lipid metabolism. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5728. [PMID: 37714840 PMCID: PMC10504358 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41462-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Arachidonic and adrenic acids in the membrane play key roles in ferroptosis. Here, we reveal that lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) controls intracellular phospholipid metabolism and contributes to ferroptosis resistance. A metabolic drug screen reveals that darapladib, an inhibitor of Lp-PLA2, synergistically induces ferroptosis in the presence of GPX4 inhibitors. We show that darapladib is able to enhance ferroptosis under lipoprotein-deficient or serum-free conditions. Furthermore, we find that Lp-PLA2 is located in the membrane and cytoplasm and suppresses ferroptosis, suggesting a critical role for intracellular Lp-PLA2. Lipidomic analyses show that darapladib treatment or deletion of PLA2G7, which encodes Lp-PLA2, generally enriches phosphatidylethanolamine species and reduces lysophosphatidylethanolamine species. Moreover, combination treatment of darapladib with the GPX4 inhibitor PACMA31 efficiently inhibits tumour growth in a xenograft model. Our study suggests that inhibition of Lp-PLA2 is a potential therapeutic strategy to enhance ferroptosis in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihee Oh
- Biodefense Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Seo Young Jang
- Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul, 03759, Korea
| | - Ji-Yoon Lee
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Jong Woo Kim
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Youngae Jung
- Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul, 03759, Korea
| | - Jiwoo Kim
- Therapeutics and Biotechnology Department, Drug Discovery Platform Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, 34114, Korea
- Graduate School of New Drug Discovery and Development, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 305-764, Korea
| | - Jinho Seo
- Aging Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Tae-Su Han
- Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Eunji Jang
- MediBio-Informatics Research Center, Novomics Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Young Son
- YUHS-KRIBB Medical Convergence Research Institute, Seoul, 03722, Korea
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Dain Kim
- Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul, 03759, Korea
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Korea
| | - Min Wook Kim
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | | | - Kwon-Ho Song
- Department of Cell Biology, Daegu Catholic University School of Medicine, Daegu, 42472, Korea
| | - Kyoung-Jin Oh
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Won Kon Kim
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Kwang-Hee Bae
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Yong-Min Huh
- MediBio-Informatics Research Center, Novomics Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea
- YUHS-KRIBB Medical Convergence Research Institute, Seoul, 03722, Korea
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Soon Ha Kim
- MitoImmune Therapeutics Inc., Seoul, 06123, Korea
| | - Doyoun Kim
- Therapeutics and Biotechnology Department, Drug Discovery Platform Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, 34114, Korea
| | - Baek-Soo Han
- Biodefense Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Korea.
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Korea.
- Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34141, Korea.
| | - Sang Chul Lee
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Korea.
| | - Geum-Sook Hwang
- Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul, 03759, Korea.
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Korea.
| | - Eun-Woo Lee
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Korea.
- Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34141, Korea.
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Korea.
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31
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S S, V S, I JM, P VM, P LK, Nair AS, R SP, Oommen OV. In silico screening of the phytochemicals present in Clitoria ternatea L. as the inhibitors of snake venom phospholipase A 2 (PLA 2). J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:7874-7883. [PMID: 36153001 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2126889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Millions of people suffer from snake bite envenomation, and its management is a challenge, even today. Medicinal plants have attracted the researcher's attention for their outstanding advantages in treating many diseases, including snake venom poisoning. Clitoria ternatea L, is a plant popularly known for its various pharmacological effects especially, anti-snake venom property. However, the molecular mechanism behind this is poorly understood. It is reported that snake venom PLA2 is an extensively studied toxic factor. This study is meant to screen the compound's capability to act as inhibitors of the Daboia russelli snake venom PLA2 through molecular docking and dynamics studies. Our results show that among the 27 compounds taken for the study, only Kaempferol showed good interaction profile with the conserved catalytic active site residues, His48 and Asp49. The pharmacophore features of the compound also demonstrate its exact fitting at the binding pocket. Further RMSD, RMSF, Rg, and hydrogen bond analysis confirmed the stable binding of Kaempferol with PLA2 through molecular dynamic simulations for 100 ns. In addition, the MM/PBSA binding free energy calculation of the complex was also affirming the docking results. The binding free energy (BFE) of Kaempferolis better than the reference compound. ADME and Lipinski's rule of five reveals its drug like properties.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suveena S
- Centre for Venom Informatics, Department of Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, University of Kerala, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - Saraswathy V
- Centre for Venom Informatics, Department of Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, University of Kerala, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - Junaida M I
- Centre for Venom Informatics, Department of Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, University of Kerala, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - Vinod M P
- Centre for Venom Informatics, Department of Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, University of Kerala, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - Laladhas K P
- Department of Zoology, St.Stephen's College, Kollam, Kerala, India
| | - Achuthsankar S Nair
- Centre for Venom Informatics, Department of Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, University of Kerala, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - Sudhakaran P R
- Centre for Venom Informatics, Department of Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, University of Kerala, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - Oommen V Oommen
- Centre for Venom Informatics, Department of Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, University of Kerala, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
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Alfaro GF, Palombo V, D'Andrea M, Cao W, Zhang Y, Beever J, Muntifering RB, Pacheco WJ, Rodning SP, Wang X, Moisá SJ. Hepatic transcript profiling in beef cattle: Effects of rumen-protected niacin supplementation. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0289409. [PMID: 37535643 PMCID: PMC10399858 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of our study was to assess the effect of rumen-protected niacin supplementation on the transcriptome of liver tissue in growing Angus × Simmental steers and heifers through RNA-seq analysis. Consequently, we wanted to assess the known role of niacin in the physiological processes of vasodilation, detoxification, and immune function in beef hepatic tissue. Normal weaned calves (~8 months old) were provided either a control diet or a diet supplemented with rumen-protected niacin (6 g/hd/d) for a 30-day period, followed by a liver biopsy. We observed a significant list of changes at the transcriptome level due to rumen-protected niacin supplementation. Several metabolic pathways revealed potential positive effects to the animal's liver metabolism due to administration of rumen-protected niacin; for example, a decrease in lipolysis, apoptosis, inflammatory responses, atherosclerosis, oxidative stress, fibrosis, and vasodilation-related pathways. Therefore, results from our study showed that the liver transcriptional machinery switched several metabolic pathways to a condition that could potentially benefit the health status of animals supplemented with rumen-protected niacin. In conclusion, based on the results of our study, we can suggest the utilization of rumen-protected niacin supplementation as a nutritional strategy could improve the health status of growing beef cattle in different beef production stages, such as backgrounding operations or new arrivals to a feedlot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gastón F Alfaro
- Department of Animal Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
| | - Valentino Palombo
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Università degli Studi del Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Mariasilvia D'Andrea
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Università degli Studi del Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Wenqi Cao
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
| | - Jonathan Beever
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States of America
| | - Russell B Muntifering
- Department of Animal Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
- Cooperative Extension Service, University of Kentucky, Kentucky, Lexington, United States of America
| | - Wilmer J Pacheco
- Department of Poultry Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
| | - Soren P Rodning
- Department of Animal Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, United States of America
| | - Sonia J Moisá
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States of America
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Aminu S, Danazumi AU, Alhafiz ZA, Gorna MW, Ibrahim MA. β-Sitosterol could serve as a dual inhibitor of Trypanosoma congolense sialidase and phospholipase A 2: in vitro kinetic analyses and molecular dynamic simulations. Mol Divers 2023; 27:1645-1660. [PMID: 36042119 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-022-10517-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The involvement of Trypanosoma congolense sialidase alongside phospholipase A2 has been widely accepted as the major contributing factor to anemia during African animal trypanosomiasis. The enzymes aid the parasite in scavenging sialic acid and fatty acids necessary for survival in the infected host, but there are no specific drug candidates against the two enzymes. This study investigated the inhibitory effects of β-sitosterol on the partially purified T. congolense sialidase and phospholipase A2. Purification of the enzymes using DEAE cellulose column led to fractions with highest specific activities of 8016.41 and 39.26 µmol/min/mg for sialidase and phospholipase A2, respectively. Inhibition kinetics studies showed that β-sitosterol is non-competitive and an uncompetitive inhibitor of sialidase and phospholipase A2 with inhibition binding constants of 0.368 and 0.549 µM, respectively. Molecular docking of the compound revealed binding energies of - 8.0 and - 8.6 kcal/mol against the sialidase and phospholipase A2, respectively. Furthermore, 100 ns molecular dynamics simulation using GROMACS revealed stable interaction of β-sitosterol with both enzymes. Hydrogen bond interactions between the ligand and Glu284 and Leu102 residues of the sialidase and phospholipase A2, respectively, were found to be the major stabilizing forces. In conclusion, β-sitosterol could serve as a dual inhibitor of T. congolense sialidase and phospholipase A2; hence, the compound could be exploited further in the search for newer trypanocides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suleiman Aminu
- Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Ammar Usman Danazumi
- Biological and Chemical Research Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zainab Aliyu Alhafiz
- Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University, Gusau, Nigeria
| | - Maria Wiktoria Gorna
- Biological and Chemical Research Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Mo Y, Huang C, Liu C, Duan Z, Liu J, Wu D. Recent Research Progress of 19 F Magnetic Resonance Imaging Probes: Principle, Design, and Their Application. Macromol Rapid Commun 2023; 44:e2200744. [PMID: 36512446 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Visualization of biomolecules, cells, and tissues, as well as metabolic processes in vivo is significant for studying the associated biological activities. Fluorine magnetic resonance imaging (19 F MRI) holds potential among various imaging technologies thanks to its negligible background signal and deep tissue penetration in vivo. To achieve detection on the targets with high resolution and accuracy, requirements of high-performance 19 F MRI probes are demanding. An ideal 19 F MRI probe is thought to have, first, fluorine tags with magnetically equivalent 19 F nuclei, second, high fluorine content, third, adequate fluorine nuclei mobility, as well as excellent water solubility or dispersity, but not limited to. This review summarizes the research progresses of 19 F MRI probes and mainly discusses the impacts of structures on in vitro and in vivo imaging performances. Additionally, the applications of 19 F MRI probes in ions sensing, molecular structures analysis, cells tracking, and in vivo diagnosis of disease lesions are also covered in this article. From authors' perspectives, this review is able to provide inspirations for relevant researchers on designing and synthesizing advanced 19 F MRI probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongyi Mo
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Gongchang Road 66, Guangming, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China
| | - Chixiang Huang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Gongchang Road 66, Guangming, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China
| | - Changjiang Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Gongchang Road 66, Guangming, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China
| | - Ziwei Duan
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Gongchang Road 66, Guangming, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China
| | - Juan Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Gongchang Road 66, Guangming, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China
| | - Dalin Wu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Gongchang Road 66, Guangming, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China
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Shen L, Shen Y, You L, Zhang Y, Su Z, Peng G, Deng JL, Zhong Z, Yu S, Zong X, Wu X, Zhu Y, Cao S. Blood metabolomics reveals the therapeutic effect of Pueraria polysaccharide on calf diarrhea. BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:98. [PMID: 37516856 PMCID: PMC10386334 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03662-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neonatal calf diarrhea (NCD) is typically treated with antibiotics, while long-term application of antibiotics induces drug resistance and antibiotic residues, ultimately decreasing feed efficiency. Pueraria polysaccharide (PPL) is a versatile antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, and antioxidative compound. This study aimed to compare the therapeutic efficacy of different doses of PPL (0.2, 0.4, 0.8 g/kg body weight (BW)) and explore the effect of plasma metabolites in diarrheal calves by the best dose of PPL. RESULTS PPL could effectively improve the daily weight gain, fecal score, and dehydration score, and the dosage of 0.4 g/kg BW could reach curative efficacy against calf diarrhea (with effective rates 100.00%). Metabolomic analysis suggested that diarrhea mainly affect the levels of taurocholate, DL-lactate, LysoPCs, and intestinal flora-related metabolites, trimethylamine N-oxide; however, PPL improved liver function and intestinal barrier integrity by modulating the levels of DL-lactate, LysoPC (18:0/0:0) and bilirubin, which eventually attenuated neonatal calf diarrhea. It also suggested that the therapeutic effect of PPL is related to those differential metabolites in diarrheal calves. CONCLUSIONS The results showed that 0.4 g/kg BW PPL could restore the clinical score of diarrhea calves by improving the blood indexes, biochemical indexes, and blood metabolites. And it is a potential medicine for the treatment of calf diarrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuhong Shen
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, The Medical Research Center for Cow Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu Shen
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, The Medical Research Center for Cow Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Liuchao You
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, The Medical Research Center for Cow Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, The Medical Research Center for Cow Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Guangxi Innovates Medical Technology Co., Ltd. Lipu, Guangxi, 546600, China
| | - Zhetong Su
- Guangxi Innovates Medical Technology Co., Ltd. Lipu, Guangxi, 546600, China
| | - Guangneng Peng
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, The Medical Research Center for Cow Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Jun-Liang Deng
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, The Medical Research Center for Cow Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhijun Zhong
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, The Medical Research Center for Cow Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Shumin Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, The Medical Research Center for Cow Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaolan Zong
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, The Medical Research Center for Cow Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaofeng Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, The Medical Research Center for Cow Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Yingkun Zhu
- School of Agriculture & Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, D04 V1W8, Ireland.
| | - Suizhong Cao
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, The Medical Research Center for Cow Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
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36
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Li Y, Tan Z, Wang X, Hou L. Metabolic changes and potential biomarkers in " Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum"-infected potato psyllids: implications for psyllid-pathogen interactions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1204305. [PMID: 37538064 PMCID: PMC10394617 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1204305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Psyllid yellows, vein-greening (VG), and zebra chip (ZC) diseases, which are primarily transmitted by potato psyllid (PoP) carrying Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum (CLso), have caused significant losses in solanaceous crop production worldwide. Pathogens interact with their vectors at the organic and cellular levels, while the potential changes that may occur at the biochemical level are less well reported. In this study, the impact of CLso on the metabolism of PoP and the identification of biomarkers from infected psyllids were examined. Using ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) analysis, metabolomic changes in CLso-infected psyllids were compared to uninfected ones. A total of 34 metabolites were identified as potential biomarkers of CLso infection, which were primarily related to amino acid, carbohydrate, and lipid metabolism. The significant increase in glycerophospholipids is thought to be associated with CLso evading the insect vector's immune defense. Matrix-assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Mass Spectrometry Imaging (MALDI-MSI) was used to map the spatial distribution of these biomarkers, revealing that 15-keto-Prostaglandin E2 and alpha-D-Glucose were highly expressed in the abdomen of uninfected psyllids but down-regulated in infected psyllids. It is speculated that this down-regulation may be due to CLso evading surveillance by immune suppression in the PoP midgut. Overall, valuable biochemical information was provided, a theoretical basis for a better understanding of psyllid-pathogen interactions was offered, and the findings may aid in breaking the transmission cycle of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yelin Li
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiqing Tan
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Life Sciences, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing, China
| | - Xiaolan Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liping Hou
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
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Launay N, Ruiz M, Planas-Serra L, Verdura E, Rodríguez-Palmero A, Schlüter A, Goicoechea L, Guilera C, Casas J, Campelo F, Jouanguy E, Casanova JL, Boespflug-Tanguy O, Vazquez Cancela M, Gutiérrez-Solana LG, Casasnovas C, Area-Gomez E, Pujol A. RINT1 deficiency disrupts lipid metabolism and underlies a complex hereditary spastic paraplegia. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e162836. [PMID: 37463447 DOI: 10.1172/jci162836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The Rad50 interacting protein 1 (Rint1) is a key player in vesicular trafficking between the ER and Golgi apparatus. Biallelic variants in RINT1 cause infantile-onset episodic acute liver failure (ALF). Here, we describe 3 individuals from 2 unrelated families with novel biallelic RINT1 loss-of-function variants who presented with early onset spastic paraplegia, ataxia, optic nerve hypoplasia, and dysmorphic features, broadening the previously described phenotype. Our functional and lipidomic analyses provided evidence that pathogenic RINT1 variants induce defective lipid-droplet biogenesis and profound lipid abnormalities in fibroblasts and plasma that impact both neutral lipid and phospholipid metabolism, including decreased triglycerides and diglycerides, phosphatidylcholine/phosphatidylserine ratios, and inhibited Lands cycle. Further, RINT1 mutations induced intracellular ROS production and reduced ATP synthesis, affecting mitochondria with membrane depolarization, aberrant cristae ultrastructure, and increased fission. Altogether, our results highlighted the pivotal role of RINT1 in lipid metabolism and mitochondria function, with a profound effect in central nervous system development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Launay
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Montserrat Ruiz
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Planas-Serra
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Edgard Verdura
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Agustí Rodríguez-Palmero
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Pediatric Neurology unit, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Agatha Schlüter
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Leire Goicoechea
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Guilera
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Josefina Casas
- Research Unit on BioActive Molecules (RUBAM), Departament de Química Biomèdica, Institut de Química Avançada de Catalunya (IQAC-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBEREHD, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades heoaticas y digestivas, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Felix Campelo
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels, Spain
| | - Emmanuelle Jouanguy
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR 1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
- University of Paris, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR 1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
- University of Paris, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
- Pediatric Hematology-Immunology Unit, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, New York, USA
| | - Odile Boespflug-Tanguy
- CRMR Leukofrance Service de Neuropédiatrie, Hôpital Robert Debré AP-HP, Paris, France
- UMR1141 Neurodiderot Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | | | - Luis González Gutiérrez-Solana
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Consulta de Neurodegenerativas, Sección de Neurología Pediátrica, Hospital, Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Casasnovas
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Neuromuscular Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Estela Area-Gomez
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Aurora Pujol
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Catalan Institution of Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
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Yordanova V, Hazarosova R, Vitkova V, Momchilova A, Robev B, Nikolova B, Krastev P, Nuss P, Angelova MI, Staneva G. Impact of Truncated Oxidized Phosphatidylcholines on Phospholipase A 2 Activity in Mono- and Polyunsaturated Biomimetic Vesicles. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11166. [PMID: 37446342 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The interplay between inflammatory and redox processes is a ubiquitous and critical phenomenon in cell biology that involves numerous biological factors. Among them, secretory phospholipases A2 (sPLA2) that catalyze the hydrolysis of the sn-2 ester bond of phospholipids are key players. They can interact or be modulated by the presence of truncated oxidized phosphatidylcholines (OxPCs) produced under oxidative stress from phosphatidylcholine (PC) species. The present study examined this important, but rarely considered, sPLA2 modulation induced by the changes in biophysical properties of PC vesicles comprising various OxPC ratios in mono- or poly-unsaturated PCs. Being the most physiologically active OxPCs, 1-palmitoyl-2-(5'-oxo-valeroyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POVPC) and 1-palmitoyl-2-glutaryl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (PGPC) have been selected for our study. Using fluorescence spectroscopy methods, we compared the effect of OxPCs on the lipid order as well as sPLA2 activity in large unilamellar vesicles (LUVs) made of the heteroacid PC, either monounsaturated [1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC)], or polyunsaturated [1-palmitoyl-2-docosahexaenoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (PDPC)] at a physiological temperature. The effect of OxPCs on vesicle size was also assessed in both the mono- and polyunsaturated PC matrices. Results: OxPCs decrease the membrane lipid order of POPC and PDPC mixtures with PGPC inducing a much larger decrease in comparison with POVPC, indicative that the difference takes place at the glycerol level. Compared with POPC, PDPC was able to inhibit sPLA2 activity showing a protective effect of PDPC against enzyme hydrolysis. Furthermore, sPLA2 activity on its PC substrates was modulated by the OxPC membrane content. POVPC down-regulated sPLA2 activity, suggesting anti-inflammatory properties of this truncated oxidized lipid. Interestingly, PGPC had a dual and opposite effect, either inhibitory or enhancing on sPLA2 activity, depending on the protocol of lipid mixing. This difference may result from the chemical properties of the shortened sn-2-acyl chain residues (aldehyde group for POVPC, and carboxyl for PGPC), being, respectively, zwitterionic or anionic under hydration at physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesela Yordanova
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Rusina Hazarosova
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Victoria Vitkova
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 72 Tzarigradsko Chaussee Blvd., 1784 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Albena Momchilova
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Bozhil Robev
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital "Sv. Ivan Rilski", 15 Acad. Ivan Geshov Blvd., 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Biliana Nikolova
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Plamen Krastev
- Cardiology Clinic, University Hospital "St. Ekaterina", 52 Pencho Slaveikov Blvd., 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Philippe Nuss
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, INSERM UMRS 938, Sorbonne Université, 75012 Paris, France
- Department of Psychiatry, Saint-Antoine Hospital, DMU Neuroscience, Sorbonne University, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 75012 Paris, France
| | - Miglena I Angelova
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences and Engineering, Sorbonne University, 75005 Paris, France
- Matière et Systèmes Complexes (MSC), CNRS UMR 7057, University Paris Cite-Diderot, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Galya Staneva
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
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Shen L, Shen Y, Zhang Y, Cao S, Yu S, Zong X, Su Z. Effects of Anemoside B4 on Plasma Metabolites in Cows with Clinical Mastitis. Vet Sci 2023; 10:437. [PMID: 37505842 PMCID: PMC10383794 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10070437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Anemoside B4 has a good curative effect on cows with CM; however, its impact on their metabolic profiles is unclear. Based on similar somatic cell counts and clinical symptoms, nine healthy dairy cows and nine cows with CM were selected, respectively. Blood samples were collected from cows with mastitis on the day of diagnosis. Cows with mastitis were injected with anemoside B4 (0.05 mL/kg, once daily) for three consecutive days, and healthy cows were injected with the same volume of normal saline. Subsequently, blood samples were collected. The plasma metabolic profiles were analyzed using untargeted mass spectrometry, and the concentrations of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in serum were evaluated via ELISA. The cows with CM showed increased concentrations of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α (p < 0.05). After treatment with anemoside B4, the concentrations of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α were significantly decreased (p < 0.01). Untargeted metabolomics analysis showed that choline, glycocholic acid, PC (18:0/18:1), 20-HETE, PGF3α, and oleic acid were upregulated in cows with CM. After treatment with anemoside B4, the concentrations of PC (16:0/16:0), PC (18:0/18:1), linoleic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, phosphorylcholine, and glycerophosphocholine were downregulated, while the LysoPC (14:0), LysoPC (18:0), LysoPC (18:1), and cis-9-palmitoleic acid were upregulated. This study indicated that anemoside B4 alleviated the inflammatory response in cows with CM mainly by regulating lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuhong Shen
- The Medical Research Center for Cow Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yu Shen
- The Medical Research Center for Cow Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- The Medical Research Center for Cow Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Suizhong Cao
- The Medical Research Center for Cow Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Shumin Yu
- The Medical Research Center for Cow Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiaolan Zong
- The Medical Research Center for Cow Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhetong Su
- Guangxi Innovates Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Lipu 546600, China
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Ramanadham S, Turk J, Bhatnagar S. Noncanonical Regulation of cAMP-Dependent Insulin Secretion and Its Implications in Type 2 Diabetes. Compr Physiol 2023; 13:5023-5049. [PMID: 37358504 PMCID: PMC10809800 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c220031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and β-cell dysfunction in insulin resistance associated with obesity lead to type 2 diabetes (T2D). Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) from β-cells occurs via a canonical pathway that involves glucose metabolism, ATP generation, inactivation of K ATP channels, plasma membrane depolarization, and increases in cytosolic concentrations of [Ca 2+ ] c . However, optimal insulin secretion requires amplification of GSIS by increases in cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling. The cAMP effectors protein kinase A (PKA) and exchange factor activated by cyclic-AMP (Epac) regulate membrane depolarization, gene expression, and trafficking and fusion of insulin granules to the plasma membrane for amplifying GSIS. The widely recognized lipid signaling generated within β-cells by the β-isoform of Ca 2+ -independent phospholipase A 2 enzyme (iPLA 2 β) participates in cAMP-stimulated insulin secretion (cSIS). Recent work has identified the role of a G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) activated signaling by the complement 1q like-3 (C1ql3) secreted protein in inhibiting cSIS. In the IGT state, cSIS is attenuated, and the β-cell function is reduced. Interestingly, while β-cell-specific deletion of iPLA 2 β reduces cAMP-mediated amplification of GSIS, the loss of iPLA 2 β in macrophages (MØ) confers protection against the development of glucose intolerance associated with diet-induced obesity (DIO). In this article, we discuss canonical (glucose and cAMP) and novel noncanonical (iPLA 2 β and C1ql3) pathways and how they may affect β-cell (dys)function in the context of impaired glucose intolerance associated with obesity and T2D. In conclusion, we provide a perspective that in IGT states, targeting noncanonical pathways along with canonical pathways could be a more comprehensive approach for restoring β-cell function in T2D. © 2023 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 13:5023-5049, 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasanka Ramanadham
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - John Turk
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Sushant Bhatnagar
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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Hrithik MTH, Hong J, Kim Y. Identification of four secretory phospholipase A 2s in a lepidopteran insect, Acrolepiopsis sapporensis, and their functional association with cellular immune responses. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1190834. [PMID: 37424852 PMCID: PMC10328117 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1190834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Eicosanoids are a group of the oxygenated C20 polyunsaturated fatty acids and play crucial roles in mediating various insect physiological processes. Catalytic activity of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) provides an initial substrate, arachidonic acid (AA), for subsequent eicosanoid biosynthesis. Results This study identified four different secretory PLA2 (As-PLA2A-As-PLA2D) genes encoded in the Asian onion moth, Acrolepiopsis sapporensis. A phylogenetic analysis indicated that As-PLA2A and As-PLA2D are clustered with Group III PLA2s while As-PLA2B and As-PLA2C are clustered with Group XII and Group X PLA2s, respectively. Expression levels of these PLA2 genes increased along with larval development, especially in the fat body. A bacterial immune challenge upregulated the basal expression levels of the four PLA2 genes, which resulted in significant increases of the PLA2 enzyme activity. The enzyme activity was susceptible to a calcium chelator or reducing agent, suggesting Ca2+ dependency and disulfide linkage required for the catalytic activities of the secretory type of PLA2s. In addition, the PLA2 activity was also susceptible to bromophenacyl bromide (BPB), a specific inhibitor to sPLA2, but not to intracellular PLA2 inhibitors. An addition of BPB to the immune challenge significantly prevented hemocyte-spreading behavior of A. sapporensis. BPB treatment also suppressed a cellular immune response measured by hemocyte nodule formation. However, the immunosuppression was significantly rescued by the AA addition. To determine the PLA2(s) responsible for the immunity, individual RNA interference (RNAi) treatments specific to each of the four PLA2s were performed. Injection of gene-specific double-stranded RNAs caused significant reductions in the transcript level in all four PLA2s. In all four PLA2s, the RNAi treatments prevented the cellular immune response even after the immune challenge. Conclusion This study reports four secretory PLA2s encoded in A. sapporensis and their function in mediating cellular immunity.
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Gabrili JJM, Pidde G, Magnoli FC, Marques-Porto R, Villas-Boas IM, Squaiella-Baptistão CC, Silva-de-França F, Burgher F, Blomet J, Tambourgi DV. New Insights into Immunopathology Associated to Bothrops lanceolatus Snake Envenomation: Focus on PLA 2 Toxin. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9931. [PMID: 37373079 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The systemic increase in inflammatory mediator levels can induce diverse pathological disorders, including potentially thrombus formation, which may be lethal. Among the clinical conditions in which the formation of thrombi dictates the patient's prognosis, envenomation by Bothrops lanceolatus should be emphasized, as it can evolve to stroke, myocardial infarction and pulmonary embolism. Despite their life-threatening potential, the immunopathological events and toxins involved in these reactions remain poorly explored. Therefore, in the present study, we examined the immunopathological events triggered by a PLA2 purified from B. lanceolatus venom, using an ex vivo human blood model of inflammation. Our results showed that the purified PLA2 from the venom of B. lanceolatus damages human erythrocytes in a dose dependent way. The cell injury was associated with a decrease in the levels of CD55 and CD59 complement regulators on the cell surface. Moreover, the generation of anaphylatoxins (C3a and C5a) and the soluble terminal complement complex (sTCC) indicates that human blood exposure to the toxin activates the complement system. Increased production of TNF-α, CXCL8, CCL2 and CCL5 followed complement activation. The venom PLA2 also triggered the generation of lipid mediators, as evidenced by the detected high levels of LTB4, PGE2 and TXB2. The scenario here observed of red blood cell damage, dysfunctions of the complement regulatory proteins, accompanied by an inflammatory mediator storm, suggests that B. lanceolatus venom PLA2 contributes to the thrombotic disorders present in the envenomed individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel J M Gabrili
- Immunochemistry Laboratory, Butantan Institute, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil
| | - Giselle Pidde
- Immunochemistry Laboratory, Butantan Institute, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil
| | | | - Rafael Marques-Porto
- Development and Innovation Laboratory, Butantan Institute, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Denise V Tambourgi
- Immunochemistry Laboratory, Butantan Institute, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil
- Prevor Laboratory, 95760 Valmondois, France
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Tatara Y, Monzen S. Proteomics and secreted lipidomics of mouse-derived bone marrow cells exposed to a lethal level of ionizing radiation. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8802. [PMID: 37258593 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35924-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
High doses of ionizing radiation (IR) exposure can lead to the development of severe acute radiation syndrome with bone marrow failure. Defining risk factors that predict adverse events is a critical mission to guide patient selection for personalized treatment protocols. Since non-hematopoietic stem cells act as feeder cells in the niche and their secreted lipids may regulate hematopoietic stem cells, we focused on non-hematopoietic stem cells and aimed to discover biomarkers that can assess radiation exposure from their secreted lipids. Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) and osteoblast differentiation-inducing cells (ODICs) isolated from mouse femurs were exposed to lethal doses of IR and the proteomic differences between BMSC and ODIC cell layers were compared. We observed an increased Nrf2-mediated oxidative stress response and IL6 expression in ODICs and decreased expression of mitochondrial proteins in BMSCs. To elucidate secreted factors, lipidomics of the cultures were profiled; the relevant lipids distinguishing IR-exposed and control groups of BMSC were acyl-acyl phosphatidylcholine (PC aa C34:1 and PC aa C34:4), lysophosphatidylcholine (lyso-PC a C18:0 and lyso PC a C17:0) and sphingomyelin (SM C20:2). These analyses suggest that certain lipids are candidate markers for the toxic effects of IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yota Tatara
- Department of Stress Response Science, Center for Advanced Medical Research, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, 5 Zaifu-Cho, Hirosaki, Aomori, 036-8562, Japan
| | - Satoru Monzen
- Department of Radiation Science, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University, 66-1 Hon-Cho, Hirosaki, Aomori, 036-8564, Japan.
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Rodak K, Kratz EM. PUFAs and Their Derivatives as Emerging Players in Diagnostics and Treatment of Male Fertility Disorders. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16050723. [PMID: 37242506 DOI: 10.3390/ph16050723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
About 15% of couples worldwide are affected by infertility, with the male factor responsible for approximately 50% of reproductive failures. Male fertility can be influenced by various factors, including an unhealthy lifestyle and diet, often associated with oxidative stress. These changes are frequently the reason for spermatozoan dysfunction, malformations, and lowered count. However, sometimes even with proper semen parameters, fertilization does not occur, and this is referred to as idiopathic infertility. Of particular importance may be molecules contained in the spermatozoan membrane or seminal plasma, such as polyunsaturated fatty acids, including omega-3 (docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic acids) and omega-6 (arachidonic acid) fatty acids and their derivatives (prostaglandins, leukotrienes, thromboxanes, endocannabinoids, isoprostanes), which are vulnerable to the effects of oxidative stress. In the present review, we discuss the influence of these molecules on human male reproductive health and its possible causes, including disrupted oxidative-antioxidative balance. The review also discusses the potential use of these molecules in the diagnostics and treatment of male infertility, with a particular focus on the innovative approach to isoprostanes as biomarkers for male infertility. Given the high occurrence of idiopathic male infertility, there is a need to explore new solutions for the diagnosis and treatment of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Rodak
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Division of Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska Street 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Maria Kratz
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Division of Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska Street 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
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Harrison JA, Kelso C, Beck JL. Continuous Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry Assay for Measuring Phospholipase Activity against Liposomes. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2023; 34:922-930. [PMID: 37016495 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.2c00378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Phospholipases have diverse roles in lipid and cell membrane biology. In animal venoms, they can have roles as neurotoxins or myotoxins that disrupt the integrity of cell membranes. In this work, we describe a temperature-controlled, continuous electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) assay for measuring phospholipase A2 activity against liposomes. The enzyme used in this assay was paradoxin, which is a neurotoxic trimeric phospholipase A2 from inland taipan snake venom. Previously developed ESI-MS-based phospholipase assays have been discontinuous and analyzed hydrolysis of single lipid molecules by liquid chromatography ESI-MS. In this work, a continuous assay was developed against liposomes, a more complex substrate that more closely reflects the natural substrate for paradoxin. The assay confirmed the requirement for Ca2+ and allowed measurement of Michaelis-Menten-type parameters. The use of ESI-MS for lipid detection enabled nuanced insights into the effect of changing assay conditions not only on the enzyme but also on the liposome substrate. Changing the metal ion concentrations did not significantly change the liposomes but did affect enzymatic activity. Increasing temperature did not substantially affect the secondary structure of paradoxin but affected liposome size, resulting in increased enzymatic activity consistent with the disruption of the phosphatidylcholine membrane, increasing accessibility of sn-2 ester bonds. The continuous ESI-MS method described herein can be applied to other enzyme reactions, particularly those which utilize complex lipid substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian A Harrison
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
- Molecular Horizons Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - Celine Kelso
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
- Molecular Horizons Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - Jennifer L Beck
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
- Molecular Horizons Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
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Rosenberg EC, Chamberland S, Bazelot M, Nebet ER, Wang X, McKenzie S, Jain S, Greenhill S, Wilson M, Marley N, Salah A, Bailey S, Patra PH, Rose R, Chenouard N, Sun SED, Jones D, Buzsáki G, Devinsky O, Woodhall G, Scharfman HE, Whalley BJ, Tsien RW. Cannabidiol modulates excitatory-inhibitory ratio to counter hippocampal hyperactivity. Neuron 2023; 111:1282-1300.e8. [PMID: 36787750 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Cannabidiol (CBD), a non-euphoric component of cannabis, reduces seizures in multiple forms of pediatric epilepsies, but the mechanism(s) of anti-seizure action remain unclear. In one leading model, CBD acts at glutamatergic axon terminals, blocking the pro-excitatory actions of an endogenous membrane phospholipid, lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI), at the G-protein-coupled receptor GPR55. However, the impact of LPI-GPR55 signaling at inhibitory synapses and in epileptogenesis remains underexplored. We found that LPI transiently increased hippocampal CA3-CA1 excitatory presynaptic release probability and evoked synaptic strength in WT mice, while attenuating inhibitory postsynaptic strength by decreasing GABAARγ2 and gephyrin puncta. LPI effects at excitatory and inhibitory synapses were eliminated by CBD pre-treatment and absent after GPR55 deletion. Acute pentylenetrazole-induced seizures elevated GPR55 and LPI levels, and chronic lithium-pilocarpine-induced epileptogenesis potentiated LPI's pro-excitatory effects. We propose that CBD exerts potential anti-seizure effects by blocking LPI's synaptic effects and dampening hyperexcitability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan C Rosenberg
- Department of Neuroscience & Physiology and Neuroscience Institute, NYU Langone Medical Center, 435 E 30th St, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Simon Chamberland
- Department of Neuroscience & Physiology and Neuroscience Institute, NYU Langone Medical Center, 435 E 30th St, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Michael Bazelot
- School of Chemistry, Food and Nutritional Sciences, and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Hopkins Life Science Building, Whiteknights, Reading, Berks RG6 6AP, UK; GW Research Ltd, Histon, Cambridge, UK
| | - Erica R Nebet
- Department of Neuroscience & Physiology and Neuroscience Institute, NYU Langone Medical Center, 435 E 30th St, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Xiaohan Wang
- Department of Neuroscience & Physiology and Neuroscience Institute, NYU Langone Medical Center, 435 E 30th St, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Sam McKenzie
- Department of Neuroscience & Physiology and Neuroscience Institute, NYU Langone Medical Center, 435 E 30th St, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Swati Jain
- Departments of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Neuroscience & Physiology, and Psychiatry, NYU Langone Medical Center, 435 E 30th St, New York, NY 10016, USA; Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, 140 Old Orangeburg Road, Bldg. 35, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
| | - Stuart Greenhill
- Aston Neuroscience Institute, School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Max Wilson
- Aston Neuroscience Institute, School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Nicole Marley
- Aston Neuroscience Institute, School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Alejandro Salah
- Department of Neuroscience & Physiology and Neuroscience Institute, NYU Langone Medical Center, 435 E 30th St, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Shanice Bailey
- School of Chemistry, Food and Nutritional Sciences, and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Hopkins Life Science Building, Whiteknights, Reading, Berks RG6 6AP, UK
| | - Pabitra Hriday Patra
- School of Chemistry, Food and Nutritional Sciences, and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Hopkins Life Science Building, Whiteknights, Reading, Berks RG6 6AP, UK
| | - Rebecca Rose
- Department of Advanced Research Technologies, NYU Langone Medical Center, 435 E 30th St, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Nicolas Chenouard
- Department of Neuroscience & Physiology and Neuroscience Institute, NYU Langone Medical Center, 435 E 30th St, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Simón E D Sun
- Department of Neuroscience & Physiology and Neuroscience Institute, NYU Langone Medical Center, 435 E 30th St, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Drew Jones
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Langone Medical Center, 435 E 30th St, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - György Buzsáki
- Department of Neuroscience & Physiology and Neuroscience Institute, NYU Langone Medical Center, 435 E 30th St, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Orrin Devinsky
- Department of Neurology, NYU Langone Medical Center, 435 E 30th St, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Gavin Woodhall
- Aston Neuroscience Institute, School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Helen E Scharfman
- Departments of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Neuroscience & Physiology, and Psychiatry, NYU Langone Medical Center, 435 E 30th St, New York, NY 10016, USA; Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, 140 Old Orangeburg Road, Bldg. 35, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
| | - Benjamin J Whalley
- School of Chemistry, Food and Nutritional Sciences, and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Hopkins Life Science Building, Whiteknights, Reading, Berks RG6 6AP, UK; GW Research Ltd, Histon, Cambridge, UK
| | - Richard W Tsien
- Department of Neuroscience & Physiology and Neuroscience Institute, NYU Langone Medical Center, 435 E 30th St, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Neurology, NYU Langone Medical Center, 435 E 30th St, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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Castro-Amorim J, Novo de Oliveira A, Da Silva SL, Soares AM, Mukherjee AK, Ramos MJ, Fernandes PA. Catalytically Active Snake Venom PLA 2 Enzymes: An Overview of Its Elusive Mechanisms of Reaction. J Med Chem 2023; 66:5364-5376. [PMID: 37018514 PMCID: PMC10150362 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Snake venom-secreted phospholipase A2 (svPLA2) enzymes, both catalytically active and inactive, are a central component in envenoming. These are responsible for disrupting the cell membrane's integrity, inducing a wide range of pharmacological effects, such as the necrosis of the bitten limb, cardiorespiratory arrest, edema, and anticoagulation. Although extensively characterized, the reaction mechanisms of enzymatic svPLA2 are still to be thoroughly understood. This review presents and analyses the most plausible reaction mechanisms for svPLA2, such as the "single-water mechanism" or the "assisted-water mechanism" initially proposed for the homologous human PLA2. All of the mechanistic possibilities are characterized by a highly conserved Asp/His/water triad and a Ca2+ cofactor. The extraordinary increase in activity induced by binding to a lipid-water interface, known as "interfacial activation," critical for the PLA2s activity, is also discussed. Finally, a potential catalytic mechanism for the postulated noncatalytic PLA2-like proteins is anticipated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Castro-Amorim
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Novo de Oliveira
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Saulo Luís Da Silva
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Andreimar M Soares
- Laboratory of Biotechnology of Proteins and Bioactive Compounds (LABIOPROT), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, National Institute of Epidemiology in the Western Amazon (INCT-EpiAmO), Porto Velho, Rondônia 76812-245, Brazil
- Sao Lucas Universitary Center (UniSL), Porto Velho, Rondônia 76805-846, Brazil
| | - Ashis K Mukherjee
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur 784028, Assam, India
- Division of Life Sciences, Institute of Advanced Studies in Science and Technology, Vigyan Path, Garchuk, Paschim Boragaon, Guwahati 781035, Assam, India
| | - Maria João Ramos
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro A Fernandes
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
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48
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Chun CKY, Roth M, Welti R, Richards MP, Hsu WW, O'Quinn T, Chao MD. Exploring the potential effect of phospholipase A2 antibody to extend beef shelf-life in a beef liposome model system. Meat Sci 2023; 198:109091. [PMID: 36587462 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2022.109091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to elucidate the effect of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and a PLA2 antibody (aPLA2) on phospholipid (PL) hydrolysis in beef and to understand how the altered PL composition may affect lipid oxidation and antioxidant capacity of beef in an in vitro system. Various combinations of PLA2 and aPLA2 were introduced to a beef liposome model system and exposed to a retail display. The PL and free fatty acid (FFA) profiles, antioxidant capacity and lipid oxidation were measured for the liposome system. Key PL classes were reduced and the release of polyunsaturated FFAs was increased with the inclusion of PLA2 in the treatments (P < 0.05). There was no inhibition of PL hydrolysis with the addition of aPLA2. PLA2 showed strong antioxidant capacity in the liposome system (P < 0.01), but lipid oxidation still increased in samples treated with PLA2 throughout the retail display (P < 0.01). Finally, aPLA2 treatments demonstrated potential to decrease lipid oxidation (P < 0.01).
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin K Y Chun
- Kansas State University, Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - Mary Roth
- Kansas State University, Division of Biology, Manhattan, Kansas, 66506, USA
| | - Ruth Welti
- Kansas State University, Division of Biology, Manhattan, Kansas, 66506, USA
| | - Mark P Richards
- University of Wisconsin Madison, Animal and Dairy Sciences, Madison, WI 53706-1205, USA
| | - Wei-Wen Hsu
- University of Cincinnati, Environmental and Public Health Sciences, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Travis O'Quinn
- Kansas State University, Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - Michael D Chao
- Kansas State University, Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA.
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49
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Stricker E, Peckham-Gregory EC, Scheurer ME. HERVs and Cancer-A Comprehensive Review of the Relationship of Human Endogenous Retroviruses and Human Cancers. Biomedicines 2023; 11:936. [PMID: 36979914 PMCID: PMC10046157 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Genomic instability and genetic mutations can lead to exhibition of several cancer hallmarks in affected cells such as sustained proliferative signaling, evasion of growth suppression, activated invasion, deregulation of cellular energetics, and avoidance of immune destruction. Similar biological changes have been observed to be a result of pathogenic viruses and, in some cases, have been linked to virus-induced cancers. Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs), once external pathogens, now occupy more than 8% of the human genome, representing the merge of genomic and external factors. In this review, we outline all reported effects of HERVs on cancer development and discuss the HERV targets most suitable for cancer treatments as well as ongoing clinical trials for HERV-targeting drugs. We reviewed all currently available reports of the effects of HERVs on human cancers including solid tumors, lymphomas, and leukemias. Our review highlights the central roles of HERV genes, such as gag, env, pol, np9, and rec in immune regulation, checkpoint blockade, cell differentiation, cell fusion, proliferation, metastasis, and cell transformation. In addition, we summarize the involvement of HERV long terminal repeat (LTR) regions in transcriptional regulation, creation of fusion proteins, expression of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and promotion of genome instability through recombination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Stricker
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77047, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77047, USA
| | | | - Michael E. Scheurer
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77047, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77047, USA
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50
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Parks SC, Okakpu OK, Azizpor P, Nguyen S, Martinez-Beltran S, Claudio I, Anesko K, Bhatia A, Dhillon HS, Dillman AR. Parasitic nematode secreted phospholipase A 2 suppresses cellular and humoral immunity by targeting hemocytes in Drosophila melanogaster. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1122451. [PMID: 37006283 PMCID: PMC10050561 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1122451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
A key aspect of parasitic nematode infection is the nematodes' ability to evade and/or suppress host immunity. This immunomodulatory ability is likely driven by the release of hundreds of excretory/secretory proteins (ESPs) during infection. While ESPs have been shown to display immunosuppressive effects on various hosts, our understanding of the molecular interactions between individual proteins released and host immunity requires further study. We have recently identified a secreted phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) released from the entomopathogenic nematode (EPN) Steinernema carpocapsae we have named Sc-sPLA2. We report that Sc-sPLA2 increased mortality of Drosophila melanogaster infected with Streptococcus pneumoniae and promoted increased bacterial growth. Furthermore, our data showed that Sc-sPLA2 was able to downregulate both Toll and Imd pathway-associated antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) including drosomycin and defensin, in addition to suppressing phagocytosis in the hemolymph. Sc-sPLA2 was also found to be toxic to D. melanogaster with the severity being both dose- and time-dependent. Collectively, our data highlighted that Sc-sPLA2 possessed both toxic and immunosuppressive capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia C. Parks
- Department of Nematology, University of California, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Ogadinma K. Okakpu
- Department of Nematology, University of California, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Pakeeza Azizpor
- Department of Nematology, University of California, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Susan Nguyen
- Department of Nematology, University of California, Riverside, CA, United States
| | | | - Isaiah Claudio
- Department of Nematology, University of California, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Kyle Anesko
- Department of Nematology, University of California, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Anil Bhatia
- Metabolomics Core Facility, IIGB, University of California, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Harpal S. Dhillon
- Department of Nematology, University of California, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Adler R. Dillman
- Department of Nematology, University of California, Riverside, CA, United States
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