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Iranmanesh F, Dapaah DY, Nyman JS, Willett TL. An improved linear systems model of hydrothermal isometric tension testing to aid in assessing bone collagen quality: Effects of ribation and type-2 diabetes. Bone 2024; 186:117139. [PMID: 38823567 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2024.117139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
This study sought to further develop and validate a previously proposed physics-based model that maps denaturation kinetics from differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to the isometric tension generated during hydrothermal isometric tension (HIT) testing of collagenous tissues. The primary objectives of this study were to verify and validate two physics-based model parameters: α, which indicates the amount of instantaneous isometric tension developed per unit of collagen denaturation, and β, which captures the proportionality between temperature and the generated isometric tension post denaturation initiation. These parameters were used as measures of bone collagen quality, employing data from HIT and DSC testing of human bone collagen from two previous studies. Additionally, given the physical basis of the model, the study aimed to further validate Max.Slope, the rate of change in isometric tensile stress with change in temperature, as an independent measure of collagen network connectivity. Max.Slope has previously been positively correlated with measures of cortical bone fracture resistance. Towards this verification and validation, the hypotheses were a) that α would correlate strongly with HIT denaturation temperature, Td, and the enthalpy of melting (ΔH) from DSC, and b) that β would correlate positively and strongly with Max.Slope. The model was employed in the analysis of HIT-DSC data from the testing of demineralized bone collagen isolated from cadaveric human femurs in two prior studies. In one study, data were collected from HIT-DSC testing of cortical bone collagen from 74 donors. Among them, 38 had a history of type 2 diabetes +/- chronic kidney disease, while the remaining 36 had no history of T2D again with or without CKD. Cortical bone specimens were extracted from the lateral mid-shaft. The second study involved 15 donor femora, with four cortical bone specimens extracted from each. Of these four, two specimens underwent a 4-week incubation in 0.1 M ribose at 37 °C to induce non-enzymatic ribation and advanced glycation endproducts, while the other two served as non-ribated controls. The examination involved investigating correlations between the model parameters α and β and various measures, such as Max.Slope, Td, ΔH, age, and duration of type 2 diabetes. The results revealed positive correlations between the model parameter β and Max.Slope (r = 0.55-0.58). The parameter α was found to be associated with Td, but also sensitive to the shape of the HIT curve around Td resulting in difficulties with variability and interpretation. As a result, while both hypotheses are confirmed, Max.Slope and β are better indicators of bone collagen quality because they are measures of the connectivity or, more generally, the integrity of the bone collagen network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faezeh Iranmanesh
- Composite Biomaterials System Lab, System Design Engineering Department, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel Y Dapaah
- Composite Biomaterials System Lab, System Design Engineering Department, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jeffry S Nyman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States of America; United States Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN 37212, United States of America
| | - Thomas L Willett
- Composite Biomaterials System Lab, System Design Engineering Department, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
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Creecy A, Segvich D, Metzger C, Kohler R, Wallace JM. Combining anabolic loading and raloxifene improves bone quantity and some quality measures in a mouse model of osteogenesis imperfecta. Bone 2024; 184:117106. [PMID: 38641232 PMCID: PMC11130993 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2024.117106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) increases fracture risk due to changes in bone quantity and quality caused by mutations in collagen and its processing proteins. Current therapeutics improve bone quantity, but do not treat the underlying quality deficiencies. Male and female G610C+/- mice, a murine model of OI, were treated with a combination of raloxifene and in vivo axial tibial compressive loading starting at 10 weeks of age and continuing for 6 weeks to improve bone quantity and quality. Bone geometry and mechanical properties were measured to determine whole bone and tissue-level material properties. A colocalized Raman/nanoindentation system was used to measure chemical composition and nanomechanical properties in newly formed bone compared to old bone to determine if bone formed during the treatment regimen differed in quality compared to bone formed prior to treatment. Lastly, lacunar geometry and osteocyte apoptosis were assessed. OI mice were able to build bone in response to the loading, but this response was less robust than in control mice. Raloxifene improved some bone material properties in female but not male OI mice. Raloxifene did not alter nanomechanical properties, but loading did. Lacunar geometry was largely unchanged with raloxifene and loading. However, osteocyte apoptosis was increased with loading in raloxifene treated female mice. Overall, combination treatment with raloxifene and loading resulted in positive but subtle changes to bone quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Creecy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, United States of America.
| | - Dyann Segvich
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, United States of America
| | - Corinne Metzger
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
| | - Rachel Kohler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, United States of America
| | - Joseph M Wallace
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, United States of America
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Dumont M, Herrel A, Courant J, Padilla P, Shahar R, Milgram J. Femoral bone structure and mechanics at the edge and core of an expanding population of the invasive frog Xenopus laevis. J Exp Biol 2024; 227:jeb246419. [PMID: 38904393 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.246419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Understanding how living tissues respond to changes in their mechanical environment is a key question in evolutionary biology. Invasive species provide an ideal model for this as they are often transplanted between environments that differ drastically in their ecological and environmental context. Spatial sorting, the name given to the phenomenon driving differences between individuals at the core and edge of an expanding range, has been demonstrated to impact the morphology and physiology of Xenopus laevis from the invasive French population. Here, we combined a structural analysis using micro-CT scanning and a functional analysis by testing the mechanical properties of the femur to test whether the increased dispersal at the range edge drives differences in bone morphology and function. Our results show significant differences in the inner structure of the femur as well as bone material properties, with frogs from the centre of the range having more robust and resistant bones. This is suggestive of an energy allocation trade-off between locomotion and investment in bone formation, or alternatively, may point to selection for fast locomotion at the range edge. Overall, our results provide insights on the growth of the long bones and the formation of trabecular bone in frogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maïtena Dumont
- Laboratory of Bone Biomechanics, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, PO Box 12, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
- Max-Planck Institute for Sustainable Materials, MPISM, D-40237, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Anthony Herrel
- UMR 7179 CNRS/MNHN, Département Adaptations du Vivant, Bâtiment d'Anatomie Comparée, 55 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France
- Department of Biology, Evolutionary Morphology of Vertebrates, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium
- Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk 2610, Belgium
- Naturhistorisches Museum Bern, 3005 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Julien Courant
- UMR 7179 CNRS/MNHN, Département Adaptations du Vivant, Bâtiment d'Anatomie Comparée, 55 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Pablo Padilla
- UMR 7179 CNRS/MNHN, Département Adaptations du Vivant, Bâtiment d'Anatomie Comparée, 55 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France
- Laboratory of Ecology and Conservation of Amphibians (LECA), Freshwater and Oceanic Science Unit of Research (FOCUS), University of Liège, Liège, Liege 4000, Belgium
| | - Ron Shahar
- Laboratory of Bone Biomechanics, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, PO Box 12, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Joshua Milgram
- Laboratory of Bone Biomechanics, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, PO Box 12, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
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Hering RN, von Kroge S, Delsmann J, Simon A, Ondruschka B, Püschel K, Schmidt FN, Rolvien T. Pronounced cortical porosity and sex-specific patterns of increased bone and osteocyte lacunar mineralization characterize the human distal fibula with aging. Bone 2024; 182:117068. [PMID: 38458304 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2024.117068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
The high occurrence of distal fibula fractures among older women suggests a potential link to impaired bone health. Here we used a multiscale imaging approach to investigate the microarchitecture, mineralization, and biomechanics of the human distal fibula in relation to age and sex. Micro-computed tomography was performed to analyze the local volumetric bone mineral density and various microarchitectural parameters of the trabecular and the cortical compartment. Bone mineral density distribution and osteocyte lacunar parameters were quantified using quantitative backscattered electron imaging in periosteal, endocortical, and trabecular regions. Additionally, cortical hardness and Young's modulus were assessed by nanoindentation. While cortical porosity strongly increased with age independent of sex, trabecular microarchitecture remained stable. Notably, nearly half of the specimens showed non-bony hypermineralized tissue located at the periosteum, similar to that previously detected in the femoral neck, with no consistent association with advanced age. Independent of this finding, cortical and trabecular mineralization, i.e., mean calcium content, as well as endocortical tissue hardness increased with age in males but not females. Importantly, we also observed mineralized osteocyte lacunae that increased with age specifically in females. In conclusion, our results indicate that skeletal aging of the distal fibula is signified not only by pronounced cortical porosity but also by an increase in mineralized osteocyte lacunae in females. These findings may provide an explanation for the increased occurrence of ankle fractures in older women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin-Nicolas Hering
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, Division of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Institute of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Simon von Kroge
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, Division of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Institute of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Julian Delsmann
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, Division of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Simon
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, Division of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Ondruschka
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Püschel
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Felix Nikolai Schmidt
- Institute of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tim Rolvien
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, Division of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
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Yamashita S, Kondo Y, Watanabe C, Nodai T, Munemasa T, Mukaibo T, Masaki C, Shibata Y, Hosokawa R. Chronic kidney disease compromises structural and mechanical properties of maxillary cortical bone in a rat model. J Prosthodont Res 2024; 68:264-272. [PMID: 37211410 DOI: 10.2186/jpr.jpr_d_23_00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the effects of chronic kidney disease (CKD) on the structural and mechanical properties of the maxillary and mandibular cortical bone. METHODS The maxillary and mandibular cortical bones from CKD model rats were used in this study. CKD-induced histological, structural, and micro-mechanical alterations were assessed using histological analyses, micro-computed tomography (CT), bone mineral density (BMD) measurements, and nanoindentation tests. RESULTS Histological analyses indicated that CKD caused an increase in the number of osteoclasts and a decrease in the number of osteocytes in the maxilla. Micro-CT analysis revealed that CKD induced a void volume/cortical volume (%) increase, which was more remarkable in the maxilla than in the mandible. CKD also significantly decreased the BMD in the maxilla. In the nanoindentation stress-strain curve, the elastic-plastic transition point and loss modulus were lower in the CKD group than that in the control group in the maxilla, suggesting that CKD increased micro fragility of the maxillary bone. CONCLUSIONS CKD affected bone turnover in the maxillary cortical bone. Furthermore, the maxillary histological and structural properties were compromised, and micro-mechanical properties, including the elastic-plastic transition point and loss modulus, were altered by CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sotaro Yamashita
- Division of Oral Reconstruction and Rehabilitation, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kondo
- Division of Oral Reconstruction and Rehabilitation, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Chie Watanabe
- Department of Biomaterials and Engineering, Showa University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomotaka Nodai
- Division of Oral Reconstruction and Rehabilitation, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Takashi Munemasa
- Division of Oral Reconstruction and Rehabilitation, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Taro Mukaibo
- Division of Oral Reconstruction and Rehabilitation, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Chihiro Masaki
- Division of Oral Reconstruction and Rehabilitation, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Yo Shibata
- Department of Biomaterials and Engineering, Showa University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryuji Hosokawa
- Division of Oral Reconstruction and Rehabilitation, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Japan
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O'Leary TJ, Izard RM, Tang JCY, Fraser WD, Greeves JP. Hormonal contraceptive use is associated with altered bone structural and metabolic responses to military training in women: An observational cohort study. Bone 2024; 181:117012. [PMID: 38216077 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2024.117012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Military training increases tibial density and size. Female sex hormones may influence the adaption of bone to loading, but it is unknown if women using different hormonal contraceptives adapt similarly to military training. One hundred and sixteen women (57 women not using hormonal contraceptives [non-users], 38 combined oral contraceptive pill [COCP] users, 21 depot medroxyprogesterone acetate [DMPA] users) completed this study. Tibial volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) and geometry were measured by peripheral quantitative computed tomography (4 %, 14 %, 38 %, and 66 % sites) at the start (week 1) and end (week 14) of British Army basic training. Circulating markers of bone and calcium metabolism were measured at weeks 1, 2, 4, 6, 10, and 14. Training increased trabecular vBMD at the 4 % site, periosteal perimeter at the 14 % and 66 % sites, and total area, cortical area, cortical thickness, and bone strength at all sites (0.1 to 1.6 %, p ≤ 0.009), with no differences between hormonal contraceptive groups (p ≥ 0.127). Trabecular vBMD increased at the 14 % site in non-users (0.8 %, p = 0.005), but not in COCP or DMPA users (p ≥ 0.205). Periosteal perimeter increased at the 38 % site in COCP (0.4 %, p < 0.001) and DMPA (0.5 %, p < 0.001) users, but not in non-users (p = 0.058). Training had no effect on periosteal perimeter at the 4 % site or cortical vBMD or endosteal perimeter at any site (p ≥ 0.168). βCTX decreased and PINP increased during training with no difference between hormonal contraceptive groups. Training increased iPTH in non-users, but not COCP or DMPA users. Hormonal contraceptives may exert site-specific effects on the mechanobiology of bone, with higher endogenous oestradiol promoting trabecularisation and inhibiting periosteal expansion in non-users compared with hormonal contraceptive users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J O'Leary
- Army Health and Performance Research, Army HQ, Andover, UK; Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, UCL, London, UK
| | | | - Jonathan C Y Tang
- Bioanalytical Facility, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Clinical Biochemistry, Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Departments of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, UK
| | - William D Fraser
- Bioanalytical Facility, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Clinical Biochemistry, Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Departments of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, UK
| | - Julie P Greeves
- Army Health and Performance Research, Army HQ, Andover, UK; Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, UCL, London, UK; Bioanalytical Facility, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.
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Wang TH, Watanabe K, Hamada N, Tani-Ishii N. Role of MAPKs in TGF-β1-induced maturation and mineralization in human osteoblast-like cells. J Oral Biosci 2024; 66:61-67. [PMID: 38110177 DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2023.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Our study aimed to clarify the role of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1-stimulated mineralization in the human osteoblast-like MG63 cells. METHODS The viability of MG63 cells under TGF-β1 stimulation was assessed by MTS assay. Western blotting determined TGF-β1-mediated activation of extracellular signal-related protein kinase (ERK), p38, and c-Jun amino-terminal kinase (JNK). Mineralization-related gene expression was examined by quantitative real-time PCR, and mineral deposition levels were evaluated by alizarin red S staining. RESULTS TGF-β1 had no effect on MG63 cell proliferation. Activation of p38 was observed at 3 h post TGF-β1 stimulation. Moreover, JNK phosphorylation was upregulated by TGF-β1 from 1 to 6 h post stimulation, but had no activation on ERK phosphorylation throughout the experimental period. Treatment with JNK inhibitor diminished the alizarin red S-stained area in a dose-dependent manner. Mineral deposition was unaffected by MEK inhibitor, whereas p38 inhibitor increased the red-stained area. Gene expression levels of ALP and BSP were significantly decreased under treatment with JNK inhibitor and p38 inhibitor. The MEK inhibitor had no effect on the TGF-β1-mediated upregulation of ALP and BSP. Although all three inhibitors suppressed expression of COL I, none were found to stimulate expression of OCN. CONCLUSIONS Human osteoblast-like MG63 cells maturation and mineralization are induced through JNK activation of MAPK signaling in response to TGF-β1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Hsuan Wang
- Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, 82 Inaoka-cho, Yokosuka, 238-8580, Japan
| | - Kiyoko Watanabe
- Department of Liberal Arts Education, Kanagawa Dental University, 82 Inaoka-cho, Yokosuka, 238-8580, Japan
| | - Nobushiro Hamada
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, 82 Inaoka-cho, Yokosuka, 238-8580, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Tani-Ishii
- Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, 82 Inaoka-cho, Yokosuka, 238-8580, Japan.
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Zhang H, Wang Y, Wang Y, Wei B, Wang L, Nguyen MT, Lv X, Huang Y, Chen W. Fermented calcium butyrate supplementation in post-peak laying hens improved ovarian function and tibia quality through the "gut-bone" axis. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2024; 16:350-362. [PMID: 38362518 PMCID: PMC10867563 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2023.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
The compromised egg quality and leg abnormality during the end of the laying cycle (after 40 weeks) have been leading to poor animal welfare and substantial economic losses. Therefore, the effects of fermented calcium (Ca) butyrate, produced by fermentation by Clostridium butyricum, on production, eggshell quality, and tibial property of hens were explored. A total of 192 Hy-line brown laying hens at 50-week-old were assigned to a basal diet or the basal diet with 300 mg/kg of the fermented Ca butyrate from 50 to 58 weeks of age. Each treatment had 6 replicates with 16 hens each. The diet supplemented with 300 mg/kg fermented Ca butyrate notably increased egg weight, ovarian follicle number, and eggshell strength (P = 0.072) as compared to the basal diet, which were associated with cytokine secretion, toll-like receptor signaling pathways, and intestinal immunity based on the RNA-seq data from the granulosa. Dietary Ca butyrate inclusion decreased the expression of ileal tumor necrosis factor-alpha and serum pro-inflammatory cytokine concentration, as well as increased the content of serum immunoglobulin A when compared to the basal diet (both P < 0.05). The birds that received fermented Ca butyrate diets exhibited higher villus height (P < 0.05) and upregulated expression of tight junction proteins, whereas it did not alter the composition of cecal microbiota (P > 0.05). In addition, the diet with fermented Ca butyrate reduced the number of osteoclasts in the proximal tibia and the level of C-terminal cross-linked telopeptide of type I collagen, a bone resorption marker (P < 0.05), whereas it tended to increase the concentration of the procollagen type I N-terminal propeptide that reflects bone formation marker in serum. Moreover, the layers fed fermented Ca butyrate diets possessed higher (P < 0.05) bone area and trabecular number of the proximal tibia, yield load, and ultimate load than those that consumed basal diets. Collectively, dietary fermented Ca butyrate supplementation in post-peak layer diets improved the ovarian function and tibia quality, which might be related to enhancing intestinal integrity and consequently decreasing inflammation mediated bone resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaiyong Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Yongshuai Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Yilu Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Bin Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Leilei Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Minh Tu Nguyen
- Department of Agriculture and Forestry, Hue University, Hue, 49000, Viet Nam
| | - Xiangyun Lv
- Charoen Pokphand Group Co., Ltd. Zhumadian, 463000, China
| | - Yanqun Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Wen Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
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Yagasaki L, Chiba T, Kurimoto R, Nakajima M, Iwata T, Asahara H. The essential role of Mkx in periodontal ligament on the metabolism of alveolar bone and cementum. Regen Ther 2024; 25:186-193. [PMID: 38230307 PMCID: PMC10789938 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2023.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The periodontium is a connective tissue which consists of periodontal ligament, alveolar bone, cementum and gingiva. Periodontal ligament (PDL) is a specialized connective tissue that connects the cementum - coating the surface of the tooth - to the alveolar bone. Mohawk homeobox (Mkx) is a transcription factor that is expressed in PDL, that is known to play a vital role in the development and homeostasis of PDL. A detailed functional analysis of Mkx in the periodontal ligament for alveolar bone and cementum metabolism has not yet been conducted. Materials and methods Alveolar bone height, bone mineral density (BMD) and bone volume fractions (Bone volume/Total volume: BV/TV) were measured and analyzed using micro-computed tomography (Micro-CT) and 3DBon on 7-week-old male wild-type (WT) (Mkx+/+) (n = 10) and Mkx-knockout (Mkx-/-) (n = 6) rats. Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and Masson Trichrome staining were performed on 5, 6, and 7-week-old Mkx+/+ and Mkx-/- rats. Cementum surface area and the number of TRAP-positive osteoclasts/mm were quantified, measured, and compared for 5,6 and 7-week-old Mkx+/+ and Mkx-/- rats (n = 3 each). Results The level of alveolar bone height was significantly higher in Mkx-/- rats than in Mkx+/+ rats. On the other hand, there was significantly less BMD in Mkx-/- alveolar bone. A significant increase in cellular cementum could be observed as early as 5 weeks in Mkx-/- rats when compared with Mkx+/+ rats of the same age. More TRAP-positive osteoclasts were observed in Mkx-/- rats. Conclusion Our findings further reveal the essential roles of Mkx in the homeostasis of the periodontal tissue. Mkx was found to contribute to bone and cementum metabolism and may be essential to the prevention of diseases such as periodontitis, and could show potential in regenerative treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Yagasaki
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Tomoki Chiba
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Ryota Kurimoto
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Mitsuyo Nakajima
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Takanori Iwata
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Asahara
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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Toyama KS, Tinius A, Mahler DL. Evidence supporting an evolutionary trade-off between material properties and architectural design in Anolis lizard long bones. Evolution 2024; 78:315-328. [PMID: 37964744 DOI: 10.1093/evolut/qpad208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
In biology, "many-to-one mapping" occurs when multiple morphological forms can meet a particular functional demand. Knowledge of this mapping is crucial for understanding how selection on performance shapes the evolution of morphological diversity. Past research has focused primarily on the potential for geometrically alternative morphological designs to produce equivalent performance outcomes. Here, we ask whether the material properties of biological tissues hold similar potential. Through a phylogenetic comparative study of Anolis lizards, we show that the architectural design and mineral density of the femur trade off in a many-to-one functional system, yielding a morphospace featuring parallel isolines in size-relative bending strength. Anole femur evolution has largely tracked a narrow band of strength isolines over phylogenetic timescales, suggesting that geometry and mineral content shape the course of macroevolution through compensatory effects on performance. Despite this conserved evolutionary relationship, insular and continental species evolve strong bones differently, likely reflecting underlying ecological differences. Mainland anoles, which exhibit fast-paced life histories, typically have femora with lower mineralization and thinner walls than island species, which exhibit the opposite strategy. Together, our results reveal an overlooked dimension in the relationship between form and function, expanding our understanding of how many-to-one mapping can shape patterns of phenotypic diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken S Toyama
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 3B2 ON, Canada
| | - Alexander Tinius
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 3B2 ON, Canada
| | - D Luke Mahler
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 3B2 ON, Canada
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11
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Hong Z, Wang S, Liu F. Synthesis of Tubular Hydroxyapatite and Its Application in Polycaprolactone Scaffold Materials. J Funct Biomater 2024; 15:22. [PMID: 38248689 PMCID: PMC10817442 DOI: 10.3390/jfb15010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Nano-hydroxyapatite (HAp) is an ideal material in the field of biomedicine due to its good biocompatibility and bioactivity. However, a significant drawback of pure HAp materials is their inferior mechanical properties. Therefore, in this rigorous investigation, the optimal calcium-to-phosphorus ratio for the synthesis of HAp was meticulously delineated, followed by its nuanced modification using KH550 (γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane). This was further amalgamated with polycaprolactone (PCL) with the aim of providing a superior material alternative within the domain of bone scaffold materials. The post-modified HAp demonstrated enhanced interfacial compatibility with PCL, bestowing the composite with superior mechanical characteristics, notably a peak bending strength of 6.38 ± 0.037 MPa and a tensile strength of 3.71 ± 0.040 MPa. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) imagery revealed an intriguing characteristic of the composite: an initial ascension in porosity upon HAp integration, subsequently followed by a decline. Beyond this, the composite not only exhibited stellar auto-degradation prowess but also realized a sustained release cycle of 24 h, markedly optimizing drug utility efficiency. A kinetic model for drug dispensation was developed, positing an adherence to a pseudo-second-order kinetic principle. In tandem, through the formulation of an intra-particle diffusion model, the diffusion mechanisms pre- and post-modification were deeply probed. Cytotoxicity assays underscored the composite's exemplary biocompatibility. Such findings accentuate the vast potential of the modified HAp-PCL composite in bone tissue engineering, heralding a novel and efficacious avenue for impending bone defect amelioration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shaohui Wang
- Department for Materials Science and Engineering, East China Jiao Tong University, Nanchang 330013, China; (Z.H.); (F.L.)
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12
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Mirulla AI, Brogi C, Barone G, Secciani N, Sansom W, Bartalucci L, Ridolfi A, Allotta B, Bragonzoni L. External devices increasing bone quality in animals: A systematic review. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22379. [PMID: 38027551 PMCID: PMC10679491 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Osteoporosis can reduce bone quality and increase the risk of fractures. In addition to pharmacological approaches, physical activity, and implanted devices, external devices can also be detected in the literature as a technique to strengthen bones. This type of intervention arises to be particularly promising because it minimizes the invasiveness of therapy. Methods: A systematic review of the technologies involved in such devices was carried out to identify the most fruitful ones in improving bone quality. This review, according to the PRISMA Statement, focuses on studies involving animals, and excludes pharmaceutical approaches. Findings: The animal models and devices used, their settings, interventions, outcomes measured, and consequent effect on bone quality are reported for each detected technology. Ultrasound and laser arose to be the most studied technologies in the literature, even if they have yet to be proved to have a significant effect on bone quality. Interpretation: External devices for bone quality improvement offer a non-invasive approach that causes minimum discomfort to the patient. This review aimed to detect which technologies reported in the literature significantly affect bone quality. The results showed that several technologies are currently used to improve bone quality. However, each study measures different outcomes and uses different measurement methods, device settings, and interventions. This lack of standardization and the reduced number of articles found do not allow for proper quantitative comparisons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agostino Igor Mirulla
- Department for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, Corso d'Augusto 237, 47921, Rimini, Italy
| | - Chiara Brogi
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Florence, Via di Santa Marta 3, 50139, Firenze, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Barone
- Department for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, Corso d'Augusto 237, 47921, Rimini, Italy
| | - Nicola Secciani
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Florence, Via di Santa Marta 3, 50139, Firenze, Italy
| | - William Sansom
- Department for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, Corso d'Augusto 237, 47921, Rimini, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Bartalucci
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Florence, Via di Santa Marta 3, 50139, Firenze, Italy
| | - Alessandro Ridolfi
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Florence, Via di Santa Marta 3, 50139, Firenze, Italy
| | - Benedetto Allotta
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Florence, Via di Santa Marta 3, 50139, Firenze, Italy
| | - Laura Bragonzoni
- Department for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, Corso d'Augusto 237, 47921, Rimini, Italy
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13
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Blouin S, Khani F, Messmer P, Roschger P, Hartmann MA, van Wijnen AJ, Thaler R, Misof BM. Vitamin C Deficiency Deteriorates Bone Microarchitecture and Mineralization in a Sex-Specific Manner in Adult Mice. J Bone Miner Res 2023; 38:1509-1520. [PMID: 37493605 PMCID: PMC10636228 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin C (VitC) is essential for bone health, and low VitC serum levels increase the risk for skeletal fractures. If and how VitC affects bone mineralization is unclear. Using micro-computed tomography (μCT), histologic staining, as well as quantitative backscattered electron imaging (qBEI), we assessed the effects of VitC on femoral structure and microarchitecture, bone formation, and bone mineralization density distribution (BMDD) in the VitC incompetent Gulo-/- mouse model and wild-type mice. In particular, VitC-supplemented, 20-week-old mice were compared with age-matched counterparts where dietary VitC intake was excluded from week 15. VitC depletion in Gulo-/- mice severely reduced cortical thickness of the diaphyseal shaft and bone volume around the growth plate (eg, bone volume of the primary spongiosa -43%, p < 0.001). Loss of VitC also diminished the amount of newly formed bone tissue as visualized by histology and calcein labeling of the active mineralization front. BMDD analysis revealed a shift to higher calcium concentrations upon VitC supplementation, including higher average (~10% increase in female VitC deficient mice, p < 0.001) and peak calcium concentrations in the epiphyseal and metaphyseal spongiosa. These findings suggest higher bone tissue age. Importantly, loss of VitC had significantly more pronounced effects in female mice, indicating a higher sensitivity of their skeleton to VitC deficiency. Our results reveal that VitC plays a key role in bone formation rate, which directly affects mineralization. We propose that low VitC levels may contribute to the higher prevalence of bone-degenerative diseases in females and suggest leveraging this vitamin against these conditions. © 2023 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Blouin
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at Hanusch Hospital of OEGK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Med. Dept. Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Farzaneh Khani
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Phaedra Messmer
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at Hanusch Hospital of OEGK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Med. Dept. Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Paul Roschger
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at Hanusch Hospital of OEGK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Med. Dept. Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus A Hartmann
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at Hanusch Hospital of OEGK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Med. Dept. Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Roman Thaler
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Barbara M Misof
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at Hanusch Hospital of OEGK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Med. Dept. Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria
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Eastman K, O’Leary TJ, Carswell A, Walsh N, Izard R, Fraser W, Greeves J. Distal Tibial Bone Properties and Bone Stress Injury Risk in Young Men Undergoing Arduous Physical Training. Calcif Tissue Int 2023; 113:317-328. [PMID: 37481657 PMCID: PMC10449708 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-023-01111-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Trabecular microarchitecture contributes to bone strength, but its role in bone stress injury (BSI) risk in young healthy adults is unclear. Tibial volumetric BMD (vBMD), geometry, and microarchitecture, whole-body areal BMD, lean and fat mass, biochemical markers of bone metabolism, aerobic fitness, and muscle strength and power were measured in 201 British Army male infantry recruits (age 20.7 [4.3] years, BMI 24.0 ± 2.7 kg·m2) in week one of basic training. Tibial scans were performed at the ultra-distal site, 22.5 mm from the distal endplate of the non-dominant leg using High Resolution Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography (XtremeCT, Scanco Medical AG, Switzerland). Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to identify associations with lower body BSI confirmed by MRI. 20 recruits (10.0%) were diagnosed with a lower body BSI. Pre-injured participants had lower cortical area, stiffness and estimated failure load (p = 0.029, 0.012 and 0.011 respectively) but tibial vBMD, geometry, and microarchitecture were not associated with BSI incidence when controlling for age, total body mass, lean body mass, height, total 25(OH)D, 2.4-km run time, peak power output and maximum dynamic lift strength. Infantry Regiment (OR 9.3 [95%CI, 2.6, 33.4]) Parachute versus Line Infantry, (p ≤ 0.001) and 2.4-km best effort run time (1.06 [95%CI, 1.02, 1.10], p < 0.033) were significant predictors. Intrinsic risk factors, including ultradistal tibial density, geometry, and microarchitecture, were not associated with lower body BSI during arduous infantry training. The ninefold increased risk of BSI in the Parachute Regiment compared with Line Infantry suggests that injury propensity is primarily a function of training load and risk factors are population-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine Eastman
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
- Army Health and Performance Research, Army Headquarters, Andover, UK
- HQ DPHC, Coltman House, DMS Whittington, Lichfield, WS14 9PY UK
| | - Thomas J. O’Leary
- Army Health and Performance Research, Army Headquarters, Andover, UK
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, UCL, London, UK
| | | | - Neil Walsh
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Rachel Izard
- Science and Technology Commissioning, Defence Science and Technology, Porton Down, Salisbury, UK
| | - William Fraser
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
- Departments of Endocrinology and Clinical Biochemistry, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals, Norwich, UK
| | - Julie Greeves
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
- Army Health and Performance Research, Army Headquarters, Andover, UK
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, UCL, London, UK
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15
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Çukurlu M, Karagoz B, Keceli O. The effect of pre-fracture proximal femur geometry on hip fracture type in elderly patients. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e33622. [PMID: 37171316 PMCID: PMC10174388 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000033622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to analyze the relationship between fracture type by determining data on the geometry of the proximal femur in the pre-fracture period in patients over 65 years of age who had hip fractures as a result of low-energy trauma. A total of 127 patients who were admitted to the hospital for reasons other than hip pathology within 1 year before the occurrence of hip fracture and who had an anterior-posterior pelvic X-ray were included in the study. Measurements were made to evaluate the proximal femur geometry, neck shaft angle, central edge angle, femoral head diameter, femoral neck diameter, femoral neck length, femoral offset length, femoral neck axial length, hip axis length, and femoral shaft diameter. As a result of these measurements, analyses were performed to determine the relationship between the control group and fracture types. The mean Neck shaft angle scores were significantly higher in both fracture types than in the control group (P = .034, P = .002). The mean Femoral offset length values of both fracture types were lower than those of the control group (P = .002, P = .011, respectively). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that the risk of collum femoris fracture increased as the Femoral head diameter value increased. (OD = 0.21, P = .002). The geometric parameters of the proximal femur play an important role in the formation of hip fracture types. Therefore, differences in proximal femur geometry in hip fracture types should be considered, and patient-focused choices should be made regarding the surgical procedures and implants to be used during fracture fixation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Çukurlu
- Adiyaman University Training and Research Hospital Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Adiyaman, Turkey
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16
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Zittermann A, Schmidt A, Haardt J, Kalotai N, Lehmann A, Egert S, Ellinger S, Kroke A, Lorkowski S, Louis S, Schulze MB, Schwingshackl L, Siener R, Stangl GI, Volkert D, Watzl B, Bischoff-Ferrari HA. Protein intake and bone health: an umbrella review of systematic reviews for the evidence-based guideline of the German Nutrition Society. Osteoporos Int 2023:10.1007/s00198-023-06709-7. [PMID: 37126148 PMCID: PMC10382330 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-023-06709-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
This umbrella review aimed at assessing whether a protein intake exceeding the current recommendation for younger (0.8 g/kg body weight [BW]/day) and older (1.0 g/kg BW/day) adults affects bone mineral density and fracture risk. Moreover, the effect of animal or plant protein was evaluated. A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews for systematic reviews (SRs) with or without meta-analysis of prospective studies published between 11/2008 and 08/2021. Methodological quality, outcome-specific certainty of evidence, and overall certainty of evidence of the retrieved SRs were assessed using established tools and predefined criteria. Eleven SRs of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and/or cohort studies were included. In SRs of cohort studies and RCTs, protein intake/kg BW/day ranged between 0.21-0.95 g (low intake) and > 1.24 g (high intake), respectively, and between 0.67-1.1 g (control groups) and 1.01-1.69 g (intervention groups), respectively. The vast majority of outcome-specific certainty of evidence was rated "low" or "very low." The overall certainty of evidence for an association (cohort studies) or effect (RCTs) of total, animal or plant protein intake on each of the investigated outcomes was rated "insufficient," with the exception of possible evidence for a reduced hip fracture risk by high vs. low protein intake. Since protein intakes in low/control and high/intervention groups were very heterogeneous and with low certainty of evidence, it remains unclear whether a dose above the current recommendation or type of protein intake (animal or plant protein) affects bone health overall. However, there is possible evidence for reduced hip fracture risk with high versus low protein intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin Zittermann
- Clinic for Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Herz-und Diabeteszentrum Nordrhein Westfalen, Ruhr University Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany.
| | | | - Julia Haardt
- Science Department, German Nutrition Society, Bonn, Germany
| | - Nicole Kalotai
- Science Department, German Nutrition Society, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Sarah Egert
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutritional Physiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sabine Ellinger
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Human Nutrition, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Anja Kroke
- Department of Nutritional, Food and Consumer Sciences, Fulda University of Applied Sciences, Fulda, Germany
| | - Stefan Lorkowski
- Institute of Nutritionals Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD), Halle-Jena-, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sandrine Louis
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Matthias B Schulze
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Lukas Schwingshackl
- Institute for Evidence in Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Roswitha Siener
- Department of Urology, University Stone Center, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Gabriele I Stangl
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Halle, Germany
| | - Dorothee Volkert
- Institute for Biomedicine of Aging, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Watzl
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Heike A Bischoff-Ferrari
- Department of Aging Medicine and Aging Research, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, and City Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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17
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Costa BH, Rezende AK, Costa L, Neves GFM, Shimano AC, de Oliveira Penoni Á, Carvalho CR, Costa RA, de Alvarenga EC. Systemic effects of oral tolerance in bone healing. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6296. [PMID: 37072616 PMCID: PMC10113372 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33591-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone fractures cause acute inflammation that, despite being important for initial repair, may delay the healing of the damaged bone. Parenteral injection of dietary protein has been shown to decrease inflammation and accelerate the repair of skin wounds and other inflammatory pathologies. Thus, our aim was to evaluate whether the intraperitoneal (i.p.) immunization with zein, an abundant protein in rodent chow, would favor bone healing. Wistar rats received i.p. immunization: saline (SG), adjuvant (AG) and zein associated with adjuvant (ZG). Then, a 2 mm of defect bone was performed on the right tibia, and on days 7, 14, 28 and 45 thereafter, analyses were performed. The results showed that the injection of zein reduced inflammation without impairing bone mineralization. Moreover, biomechanical tests demonstrated higher levels of maximum force (N) in ZG, indicating better mechanical resistance in relation to the others. The computerized tomography also indicated lower levels of medullary content in the ZG than in the SG, suggesting the absence of trabeculae in the medullary region in the ZG. These findings suggest that the injection of zein in previously tolerated animals may improve bone repair, leading to mechanically functional bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Henrique Costa
- Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Universidade Federal de São João Del Rei, Praça Dom Helvécio 74, São João del Rei, Minas Gerais, 36301-160, Brazil
| | - Alisson Kennedy Rezende
- Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Universidade Federal de São João Del Rei, Praça Dom Helvécio 74, São João del Rei, Minas Gerais, 36301-160, Brazil
| | - Lais Costa
- Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Universidade Federal de São João Del Rei, Praça Dom Helvécio 74, São João del Rei, Minas Gerais, 36301-160, Brazil
| | - Gabrielle Fernanda Monteiro Neves
- Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Universidade Federal de São João Del Rei, Praça Dom Helvécio 74, São João del Rei, Minas Gerais, 36301-160, Brazil
| | - Antônio Carlos Shimano
- Departamento de Biomecânica, Medicina e Reabilitação do Aparelho Locomotor, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Álvaro de Oliveira Penoni
- Departamento das Ciências da Educação Física e Saúde, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, São João del Rei, Minas Gerais, 36301-360, Brazil
| | - Claudia Rocha Carvalho
- Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Universidade Federal de São João Del Rei, Praça Dom Helvécio 74, São João del Rei, Minas Gerais, 36301-160, Brazil
- Departamento Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Raquel Alves Costa
- Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Universidade Federal de São João Del Rei, Praça Dom Helvécio 74, São João del Rei, Minas Gerais, 36301-160, Brazil
| | - Erika Costa de Alvarenga
- Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Universidade Federal de São João Del Rei, Praça Dom Helvécio 74, São João del Rei, Minas Gerais, 36301-160, Brazil.
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Drábiková L, Fjelldal PG, Yousaf MN, Morken T, De Clercq A, McGurk C, Witten PE. Elevated Water CO 2 Can Prevent Dietary-Induced Osteomalacia in Post-Smolt Atlantic Salmon ( Salmo salar, L.). Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13040663. [PMID: 37189410 DOI: 10.3390/biom13040663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Expansion of land-based systems in fish farms elevate the content of metabolic carbon dioxide (CO2) in the water. High CO2 is suggested to increase the bone mineral content in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar, L.). Conversely, low dietary phosphorus (P) halts bone mineralization. This study examines if high CO2 can counteract reduced bone mineralization imposed by low dietary P intake. Atlantic salmon post-seawater transfer (initial weight 207.03 g) were fed diets containing 6.3 g/kg (0.5P), 9.0 g/kg (1P), or 26.8 g/kg (3P) total P for 13 weeks. Atlantic salmon from all dietary P groups were reared in seawater which was not injected with CO2 and contained a regular CO2 level (5 mg/L) or in seawater with injected CO2 thus raising the level to 20 mg/L. Atlantic salmon were analyzed for blood chemistry, bone mineral content, vertebral centra deformities, mechanical properties, bone matrix alterations, expression of bone mineralization, and P metabolism-related genes. High CO2 and high P reduced Atlantic salmon growth and feed intake. High CO2 increased bone mineralization when dietary P was low. Atlantic salmon fed with a low P diet downregulated the fgf23 expression in bone cells indicating an increased renal phosphate reabsorption. The current results suggest that reduced dietary P could be sufficient to maintain bone mineralization under conditions of elevated CO2. This opens up a possibility for lowering the dietary P content under certain farming conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Drábiková
- Evolutionary Developmental Biology, Biology Department, Ghent University, Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Per Gunnar Fjelldal
- Institute of Marine Research (IMR), Matre Research Station, N-5984 Matredal, Norway
| | | | - Thea Morken
- Skretting Aquaculture Innovation, Sjøhagen 3, 4016 Stavanger, Norway
| | - Adelbert De Clercq
- Evolutionary Developmental Biology, Biology Department, Ghent University, Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Charles McGurk
- Skretting Aquaculture Innovation, Sjøhagen 3, 4016 Stavanger, Norway
| | - Paul Eckhard Witten
- Evolutionary Developmental Biology, Biology Department, Ghent University, Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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19
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De la Torre I MH, Mauricio Flores M J, Piazza V, Velazquez EDH, Hernandez VH. Concurrent optical inspection to boost characterization of plastic cortical bone under mechanical deformation. APPLIED OPTICS 2023; 62:1483-1491. [PMID: 36821308 DOI: 10.1364/ao.476551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The simultaneous surface and internal measurements from a chemically modified cortical bovine bone suffering a plastic range deformation are presented. Since the bone is an anisotropic structure, its mechanical response could be modified if its organic or inorganic phases change. The latter could result in high plastic deformations, where the interferometrical signal from an optical analysis is easily de-correlated. In this work, digital holography interferometry (DHI) and Fourier domain optical coherence tomography (FD-OCT) are used to analyze the plastic range deformation of the bone under compression. The simultaneous use of these two optical methods gives information even when one of them de-correlates. The surface results retrieved with DHI show the high anisotropy of the bone as a continuously increasing displacement field map. Meanwhile, the internal information obtained with FD-OCT records larger deformations at different depths. Due to the optical phase, it is possible to complement the measurements of these two methods during the plastic deformation.
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Ma Y, Jang H, Jerban S, Chang EY, Chung CB, Bydder GM, Du J. Making the invisible visible-ultrashort echo time magnetic resonance imaging: Technical developments and applications. APPLIED PHYSICS REVIEWS 2022; 9:041303. [PMID: 36467869 PMCID: PMC9677812 DOI: 10.1063/5.0086459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) uses a large magnetic field and radio waves to generate images of tissues in the body. Conventional MRI techniques have been developed to image and quantify tissues and fluids with long transverse relaxation times (T2s), such as muscle, cartilage, liver, white matter, gray matter, spinal cord, and cerebrospinal fluid. However, the body also contains many tissues and tissue components such as the osteochondral junction, menisci, ligaments, tendons, bone, lung parenchyma, and myelin, which have short or ultrashort T2s. After radio frequency excitation, their transverse magnetizations typically decay to zero or near zero before the receiving mode is enabled for spatial encoding with conventional MR imaging. As a result, these tissues appear dark, and their MR properties are inaccessible. However, when ultrashort echo times (UTEs) are used, signals can be detected from these tissues before they decay to zero. This review summarizes recent technical developments in UTE MRI of tissues with short and ultrashort T2 relaxation times. A series of UTE MRI techniques for high-resolution morphological and quantitative imaging of these short-T2 tissues are discussed. Applications of UTE imaging in the musculoskeletal, nervous, respiratory, gastrointestinal, and cardiovascular systems of the body are included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Ma
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, California 92037, USA
| | - Hyungseok Jang
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, California 92037, USA
| | - Saeed Jerban
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, California 92037, USA
| | | | | | - Graeme M Bydder
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, California 92037, USA
| | - Jiang Du
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:. Tel.: (858) 246-2248, Fax: (858) 246-2221
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Cronin DS, Watson B, Khor F, Gierczycka D, Malcolm S. Cortical bone continuum damage mechanics constitutive model with stress triaxiality criterion to predict fracture initiation and pattern. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1022506. [PMID: 36324891 PMCID: PMC9618659 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1022506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
A primary objective of finite element human body models (HBMs) is to predict response and injury risk in impact scenarios, including cortical bone fracture initiation, fracture pattern, and the potential to simulate post-fracture injury to underlying soft tissues. Current HBMs have been challenged to predict the onset of failure and bone fracture patterns owing to the use of simplified failure criteria. In the present study, a continuum damage mechanics (CDM) model, incorporating observed mechanical response (orthotropy, asymmetry, damage), was coupled to a novel phenomenological effective strain fracture criterion based on stress triaxiality and investigated to predict cortical bone response under different modes of loading. Three loading cases were assessed: a coupon level notched shear test, whole bone femur three-point bending, and whole bone femur axial torsion. The proposed material model and fracture criterion were able to predict both the fracture initiation and location, and the fracture pattern for whole bone and specimen level tests, within the variability of the reported experiments. There was a dependence of fracture threshold on finite element mesh size, where higher mesh density produced similar but more refined fracture patterns compared to coarser meshes. Importantly, the model was functional, accurate, and numerically stable even for relatively coarse mesh sizes used in contemporary HBMs. The proposed model and novel fracture criterion enable prediction of fracture initiation and resulting fracture pattern in cortical bone such that post-fracture response can be investigated in HBMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. S Cronin
- Department of MME, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: D. S Cronin,
| | - B Watson
- Department of MME, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - F Khor
- Department of MME, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - D Gierczycka
- Department of MME, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - S Malcolm
- Honda Development and Manufacturing of America, Raymond, OH, United States
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Alway P, Peirce N, Johnson W, King M, Kerslake R, Brooke-Wavell K. Activity specific areal bone mineral density is reduced in athletes with stress fracture and requires profound recovery time: A study of lumbar stress fracture in elite cricket fast bowlers. J Sci Med Sport 2022; 25:828-833. [PMID: 36064501 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2022.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aims of this study were to determine whether lumbar areal bone mineral density differed between cricket fast bowlers with and without lumbar stress fracture, and whether bone mineral density trajectories differed between groups during rehabilitation. DESIGN Cross-sectional and cohort. METHODS 29 elite male fast bowlers received a post-season anteroposterior lumbar dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan and a lumbar magnetic resonance imaging scan to determine stress fracture status. Participants were invited for three additional scans across the 59 weeks post baseline or diagnosis of injury. Bone mineral density was measured at L1 - L4 and ipsilateral and contralateral L3 and L4 sites. Independent-sample t-tests determined baseline differences in bone mineral density and multilevel models were used to examine differences in bone mineral density trajectories over time between injured and uninjured participants. RESULTS 17 participants with lumbar stress fracture had lower baseline bone mineral density at L1 - L4 (7.6 %, p = 0.034) and contralateral sites (8.8-10.4 %, p = 0.038-0.058) than uninjured participants. Bone mineral density at all sites decreased 1.9-3.0 % by 20-24 weeks before increasing to above baseline levels by 52 weeks post injury. CONCLUSIONS Injured fast bowlers had lower lumbar bone mineral density at diagnosis that decreased following injury and did not return to baseline until up to a year post-diagnosis. Localised maladaptation of bone mineral density may contribute to lumbar stress fracture. Bone mineral density loss following injury may increase risk of recurrence, therefore fast bowlers require careful management when returning to play.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Alway
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, United Kingdom; Department of Science and Medicine, England and Wales Cricket Board, United Kingdom.
| | - Nicholas Peirce
- Department of Science and Medicine, England and Wales Cricket Board, United Kingdom
| | - William Johnson
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, United Kingdom
| | - Mark King
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, United Kingdom
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O'Leary TJ, Izard RM, Tang JCY, Fraser WD, Greeves JP. Sex differences in tibial adaptations to arduous training: An observational cohort study. Bone 2022; 160:116426. [PMID: 35470123 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2022.116426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Military training increases tibial density and size, but it is unknown if men and women adapt similarly to the same arduous training. Seventy-seven men and 57 women not using hormonal contraceptives completed this study. Tibial volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) and geometry were measured by peripheral quantitative computed tomography (4%, 14%, 38%, and 66% sites) at the start (week 1) and end (week 14) of British Army basic training. Training increased trabecular vBMD (4% site in men; 4% and 14% sites in women), cortical vBMD (38% site), total area (14% and 38% sites), trabecular area (14% site), cortical area and thickness (14%, 38%, and 66% sites), periosteal perimeter (14%, 38%, and 66% sites), and all indices of estimated strength (14%, 38%, and 66% sites); and, decreased endosteal perimeter (66% site) in men and women (all p ≤ 0.045). The increase in trabecular vBMD (4% and 14% sites) was greater in women and the increases in cortical area and strength (38% site) were greater in men (sex × time interactions, all p ≤ 0.047). P1NP increased and βCTX and sclerostin decreased during training in men and women, consistent with adaptive bone formation. PTH decreased in men but increased in women. Arduous weight-bearing activity increased the density and size of the tibia after 14 weeks. Women experienced similar tibial adaptations as men, however, a greater increase in trabecular vBMD in women compared with men could be due to higher loading at this skeletal site in women, whereas the small increase in cortical area could be due to inhibitory effects of oestradiol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J O'Leary
- Army Health and Performance Research, Army HQ, Andover, UK; Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, UCL, London, UK
| | | | | | - William D Fraser
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, UK
| | - Julie P Greeves
- Army Health and Performance Research, Army HQ, Andover, UK; Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, UCL, London, UK; Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.
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Yuan D, Wu Z, Yang L, Zou Q, Hua D, Zou Z, Ye C. Biomechanical analysis of the drilling parameters for early osteonecrosis of the femoral head. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2022; 219:106737. [PMID: 35325669 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2022.106737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Core decompression is a surgical procedure commonly used to treat the early osteonecrosis of the femoral head. However, It is not known whether different drilling parameters affect postoperative biomechanical strength. This study aimed to analyze the mechanical stability of different drilling locations and diameters of core decompression using finite element analysis. METHODS Finite element models were established based on computed tomography images obtained from five healthy participants, including the different drilling locations (Lesser trochanter: Above, Parallel, and Below) and diameters. Biomechanical parameters including stiffness and stress were evaluated under slow running loads. RESULTS At the same drilling diameter, the femoral stiffness was highest (p < 0.05) in the Above group and lowest in the Below group, while the maximum equivalent stress of the entry area and the necrotic area was highest (p < 0.05) in the Below group and lowest in the Above group. With the increase of drilling diameters, the stiffness decreased and its decreased percentage comparing the preoperative: Above (1.06-8.82%), Parallel (2.51-13.61%), and Below (3.99-15.06%). The maximum equivalent stress of the entry area and necrotic area increased as the drilling diameter increased, and its increased percentage comparing the preoperative, for the entry area: Above (14.11-219.58%), Parallel (35.91-306.37%), and Below (46.12-240.98%); for the necrotic area: Above (13.64-114.69%), Parallel (29.37-187.76%), and Below (44.76-202.10%). The range of safety drilling parameters (SDP) was obtained (Below<9 mm, Parallel<11 mm, and Above<13 mm) by comparing the maximum equivalent stress of two areas and its yield strength. For patients of different sizes and normal bone mineral density (BMD), the maximum equivalent stress of the two areas did not exceed its yield strength using the range of SDP, except for the patients with abnormal BMD (Osteoporosis) or high body mass index (BMI≥28 kg/m2). CONCLUSIONS The biomechanical properties of early osteonecrosis of the femoral head deceased with increasing drilling diameters parameters, especially at the location below the lesser trochanter. The SDP (Below<9 mm, Parallel<11 mm, and Above<13 mm) is a suitable reference for most patients to perform slow running postoperatively, while it may be not suitable for patients with osteoporosis or obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- DaiZhu Yuan
- Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China; Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China; Center for Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - ZhanYu Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China; Center for Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Long Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China; Center for Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Qiang Zou
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China; Center for Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - DaWei Hua
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - ZiHao Zou
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Chuan Ye
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China; Center for Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China.
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Understanding the Impact of Trampling on Rodent Bones. QUATERNARY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/quat5010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Experiments based on the premise of uniformitarism are an effective tool to establish patterns of taphonomic processes acting either before, or after, burial. One process that has been extensively investigated experimentally is the impact of trampling to large mammal bones. Since trampling marks caused by sedimentary friction strongly mimic cut marks made by humans using stone tools during butchery, distinguishing the origin of such modifications is especially relevant to the study of human evolution. In contrast, damage resulting from trampling on small mammal fossil bones has received less attention, despite the fact that it may solve interesting problems relating to site formation processes. While it has been observed that the impact of compression depends on the type of substrate and dryness of the skeletal elements, the fragility of small mammal bones may imply that they will break as a response to compression. Here, we have undertaken a controlled experiment using material resistance compression equipment to simulate a preliminary experiment, previously devised by one of us, on human trampling of owl pellets. Our results demonstrate that different patterns of breakage can be distinguished under wet and dry conditions in mandibles, skulls and long bones that deform or break in a consistent way. Further, small compact bones almost always remain intact, resisting breakage under compression. The pattern obtained here was applied to a Pleistocene small mammal fossil assemblage from Wonderwerk Cave (South Africa). This collection showed unusually extensive breakage and skeletal element representation that could not be entirely explained by excavation procedures or digestion by the predator. We propose that trampling was a significant factor in small mammal bone destruction at Wonderwerk Cave, partly the product of trampling caused by the raptor that introduced the microfauna into the cave, as well as by hominins and other terrestrial animals that entered the cave and trampled pellets covering the cave floor.
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Santos MN, Widowski TM, Kiarie EG, Guerin MT, Edwards AM, Torrey S. In pursuit of a better broiler: tibial morphology, breaking strength, and ash content in conventional and slower-growing strains of broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2022; 101:101755. [PMID: 35276495 PMCID: PMC8914365 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.101755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the differences in bone traits in 14 strains of broiler chickens differing in growth rate. The strains encompassed 2 conventional (CONV; ADG0-48 >60 g/d) and 12 slower-growing (SG) strains classified as FAST (ADG0-62 = 53-55 g/d), MOD (ADG0-62 = 50-51 g/d), and SLOW (ADG0-62 <50 g/d), with 4 strains represented in each SG category. A total of 7,216 mixed-sex birds were equally allocated into 164 pens (44 birds/pen; 30 kg/m2) in a randomized incomplete block design, with each strain represented in 8 to 12 pens over 2-3 trials. From each pen, 4 birds (2 males and 2 females) were individually weighed and euthanized at 2 target weights (TWs) according to their time to reach approximately 2.1 kg (TW1: 34 d for CONV and 48 d for SG strains) and 3.2 kg (TW2: 48 d for CONV and 62 d for SG strains). Tibiae samples were dissected, and length and diameter were recorded. Left tibiae were used for tibial breaking strength (TBS) at both TWs and tibial ash at TW2. At TW1, CONV birds' tibiae were narrowest and shortest (P < 0.001), yet had similar TBS compared to the other categories (P > 0.69). At TW2, category (P > 0.50) had no effect on tibial diameter, yet CONV birds had the shortest tibiae (P < 0.001). The CONV birds had greater TBS:BW ratio than FAST and MOD birds at both TWs 1 and 2 (P < 0.039) and similar ash content as the other categories at TW2 (P > 0.220). At 48 d of age, CONV birds had the greatest absolute TBS (P < 0.003), yet lower TBS:BW ratio than SLOW birds (P < 0.001). Tibiae from CONV birds were longer than MOD and SLOW birds, and thicker in diameter than the other categories, yet CONV birds had the lowest dimensions relative to BW (P < 0.001) at 48 d, indicating a negative association between accelerated growth and tibial dimensions. These results indicate that differences in functional abilities among categories may be due to differences in morphometric traits rather than differences in bone strength and mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Midian N Santos
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; Campbell Centre for the Study of Animal Welfare, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Tina M Widowski
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; Campbell Centre for the Study of Animal Welfare, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Elijah G Kiarie
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Michele T Guerin
- Campbell Centre for the Study of Animal Welfare, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - A Michelle Edwards
- Ontario Agricultural College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Stephanie Torrey
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; Campbell Centre for the Study of Animal Welfare, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
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Nutritional Approaches as a Treatment for Impaired Bone Growth and Quality Following the Consumption of Ultra-Processed Food. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020841. [PMID: 35055025 PMCID: PMC8776230 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The severe impairment of bone development and quality was recently described as a new target for unbalanced ultra-processed food (UPF). Here, we describe nutritional approaches to repair this skeletal impairment in rats: supplementation with micro-nutrients and a rescue approach and switching the UPF to balanced nutrition during the growth period. The positive effect of supplementation with multi-vitamins and minerals on bone growth and quality was followed by the formation of mineral deposits on the rats' kidneys and modifications in the expression of genes involved in inflammation and vitamin-D metabolism, demonstrating the cost of supplementation. Short and prolonged rescue improved trabecular parameters but incompletely improved the cortical parameters and the mechanical performance of the femur. Cortical porosity and cartilaginous lesions in the growth-plate were still detected one week after rescue and were reduced to normal levels 3 weeks after rescue. These findings highlight bone as a target for the effect of UPF and emphasize the importance of a balanced diet, especially during growth.
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Zhang Y, Wang J, Yu C, Xia K, Yang B, Zhang Y, Ying L, Wang C, Huang X, Chen Q, Shen L, Li F, Liang C. Advances in single-cell sequencing and its application to musculoskeletal system research. Cell Prolif 2022; 55:e13161. [PMID: 34888976 PMCID: PMC8780907 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, single-cell sequencing (SCS) technologies have continued to advance with improved operating procedures and reduced cost, leading to increasing practical adoption among researchers. These emerging technologies have superior abilities to analyse cell heterogeneity at a single-cell level, which have elevated multi-omics research to a higher level. In some fields of research, application of SCS has enabled many valuable discoveries, and musculoskeletal system offers typical examples. This article reviews some major scientific issues and recent advances in musculoskeletal system. In addition, combined with SCS technologies, the research of cell or tissue heterogeneity in limb development and various musculoskeletal system clinical diseases also provides new possibilities for treatment strategies. Finally, this article discusses the challenges and future development potential of SCS and recommends the direction of future applications of SCS to musculoskeletal medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxiang Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics SurgeryThe Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Precision and Department of OrthopedicsResearch Institute of Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Jingkai Wang
- Department of Orthopedics SurgeryThe Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Precision and Department of OrthopedicsResearch Institute of Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Chao Yu
- Department of Orthopedics SurgeryThe Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Precision and Department of OrthopedicsResearch Institute of Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Kaishun Xia
- Department of Orthopedics SurgeryThe Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Precision and Department of OrthopedicsResearch Institute of Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Biao Yang
- Department of Orthopedics SurgeryThe Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Precision and Department of OrthopedicsResearch Institute of Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Yuang Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics SurgeryThe Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Precision and Department of OrthopedicsResearch Institute of Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Liwei Ying
- Department of Orthopedics SurgeryThe Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Precision and Department of OrthopedicsResearch Institute of Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Chenggui Wang
- Department of Orthopedics SurgeryThe Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Precision and Department of OrthopedicsResearch Institute of Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Xianpeng Huang
- Department of Orthopedics SurgeryThe Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Precision and Department of OrthopedicsResearch Institute of Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Qixin Chen
- Department of Orthopedics SurgeryThe Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Precision and Department of OrthopedicsResearch Institute of Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Li Shen
- Department of Orthopedics SurgeryThe Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiangChina
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell BiologyLife Sciences InstituteZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Hangzhou Innovation CenterZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Fangcai Li
- Department of Orthopedics SurgeryThe Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Precision and Department of OrthopedicsResearch Institute of Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Chengzhen Liang
- Department of Orthopedics SurgeryThe Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Precision and Department of OrthopedicsResearch Institute of Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
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Perez-Lasierra JL, Casajus JA, González-Agüero A, Moreno-Franco B. Association of physical activity levels and prevalence of major degenerative diseases: Evidence from the national health and nutrition examination survey (NHANES) 1999-2018. Exp Gerontol 2021; 158:111656. [PMID: 34920012 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Degenerative diseases are associated with lower healthy life expectancy and higher mortality. Physical activity (PA) has demonstrated a fundamental role in the prevention and control of several pathologies associated to the aging process. The aim of this study was to analyze the association of PA with the prevalence of sarcopenia, osteoporosis and osteoarthritis in non-institutionalized American population. METHODS Cross-sectional study carried out in participants aged ≥50 years from the 1999-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Sarcopenia was defined using appendicular lean mass adjusted for body mass index (ALM:BMI; men <0.789 kg/m2, women <0.512 kg/m2). Osteoporosis was defined as bone mineral density T-score ≤-2.5 of femur neck. Osteoarthritis and PA were self-reported, and total PA was used to classify participants in groups. The Odds Ratios among the different PA levels for each disease were examined. RESULTS Performing at least 150 MET-min/week of PA was associated with reduced odds for sarcopenia; performing >1800 MET-min/week was associated with reduced odds for osteoporosis; and performing 150-1800 MET-min/week of PA was associated with reduced odds for osteoarthritis after adjust the results by several confounders. CONCLUSIONS The benefits of PA in sarcopenia, osteoporosis, and osteoarthritis prevention are evident among Americans aged ≥50 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Luis Perez-Lasierra
- Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; EXERNET Red de Investigación en Ejercicio Físico y Salud, Spain.
| | - Jose A Casajus
- Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; EXERNET Red de Investigación en Ejercicio Físico y Salud, Spain; CIBEROBN Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Alejandro González-Agüero
- Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; EXERNET Red de Investigación en Ejercicio Físico y Salud, Spain; CIBEROBN Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Belén Moreno-Franco
- Department of Microbiology, Pediatrics, Radiology and Public Health, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; CIBERCV Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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Yang L, Chen C, Zhang Z, Wei X. Diagnosis of Bone Mineral Density Based on Backscattering Resonance Phenomenon Using Coregistered Functional Laser Photoacoustic and Ultrasonic Probes. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:8243. [PMID: 34960334 PMCID: PMC8706256 DOI: 10.3390/s21248243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) machines based on bone mineral density (BMD) represent the gold standard for osteoporosis diagnosis and assessment of fracture risk, but bone strength and toughness are strongly correlated with bone collagen content (CC). Early detection of osteoporosis combined with BMD and CC will provide improved predictability for avoiding fracture risk. The backscattering resonance (BR) phenomenon is present in both ultrasound (US) and photoacoustic (PA) signal transmissions through bone, and the peak frequencies of BR can be changed with BM and CC. This phenomenon can be explained by the formation of standing waves within the pores. Simulations were then conducted for the same bone µCT images and the resulting resonance frequencies were found to match those predicted using the standing wave hypothesis. Experiments were performed on the same bone sample using an 808 nm wavelength laser as the PA source and 3.5 MHz ultrasonic transducer as the US source. The backscattering resonance effect was observed in the transmitted waves. These results verify our hypothesis that the backscattering resonance phenomenon is present in both US and PA signal transmissions and can be explained using the standing waves model, which will provide a suitable method for the early detection of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifeng Yang
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China; (C.C.); (Z.Z.); (X.W.)
- Optoelectronic Imaging and Biophotonics Laboratory, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Chulin Chen
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China; (C.C.); (Z.Z.); (X.W.)
| | - Zhaojiang Zhang
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China; (C.C.); (Z.Z.); (X.W.)
| | - Xin Wei
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China; (C.C.); (Z.Z.); (X.W.)
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31
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Carter A, Popowski K, Cheng K, Greenbaum A, Ligler FS, Moatti A. Enhancement of Bone Regeneration Through the Converse Piezoelectric Effect, A Novel Approach for Applying Mechanical Stimulation. Bioelectricity 2021; 3:255-271. [PMID: 35018335 PMCID: PMC8742263 DOI: 10.1089/bioe.2021.0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Serious bone injuries have devastating effects on the lives of patients including limiting working ability and high cost. Orthopedic implants can aid in healing injuries to an extent that exceeds the natural regenerative capabilities of bone to repair fractures or large bone defects. Autografts and allografts are the standard implants used, but disadvantages such as donor site complications, a limited quantity of transplantable bone, and high costs have led to an increased demand for synthetic bone graft substitutes. However, replicating the complex physiological properties of biological bone, much less recapitulating its complex tissue functions, is challenging. Extensive efforts to design biocompatible implants that mimic the natural healing processes in bone have led to the investigation of piezoelectric smart materials because the bone has natural piezoelectric properties. Piezoelectric materials facilitate bone regeneration either by accumulating electric charge in response to mechanical stress, which mimics bioelectric signals through the direct piezoelectric effect or by providing mechanical stimulation in response to electrical stimulation through the converse piezoelectric effect. Although both effects are beneficial, the converse piezoelectric effect can address bone atrophy from stress shielding and immobility by improving the mechanical response of a healing defect. Mechanical stimulation has a positive impact on bone regeneration by activating cellular pathways that increase bone formation and decrease bone resorption. This review will highlight the potential of the converse piezoelectric effect to enhance bone regeneration by discussing the activation of beneficial cellular pathways, the properties of piezoelectric biomaterials, and the potential for the more effective administration of the converse piezoelectric effect using wireless control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber Carter
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kristen Popowski
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ke Cheng
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Alon Greenbaum
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Frances S. Ligler
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Adele Moatti
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
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Zhang H, Majdeddin M, Gaublomme D, Taminiau B, Boone M, Elewaut D, Daube G, Josipovic I, Zhang K, Michiels J. 25-hydroxycholecalciferol reverses heat induced alterations in bone quality in finisher broilers associated with effects on intestinal integrity and inflammation. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2021; 12:104. [PMID: 34620220 PMCID: PMC8499578 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-021-00627-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alterations in ambient temperature have been associated with multiple detrimental effects on broilers such as intestinal barrier disruption and dysbiosis resulting in systemic inflammation. Inflammation and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-OH-D3) have shown to play a negative and positive role, respectively, in the regulation of bone mass. Hence the potential of 25-OH-D3 in alleviating heat induced bone alterations and its mechanisms was studied. RESULTS Heat stress (HS) directly induced a decrease in tibia material properties and bone mass, as demonstrated by lower mineral content, and HS caused a notable increase in intestinal permeability. Treatment with dietary 25-OH-D3 reversed the HS-induced bone loss and barrier leak. Broilers suffering from HS exhibited dysbiosis and increased expression of inflammatory cytokines in the ileum and bone marrow, as well as increased osteoclast number and activity. The changes were prevented by dietary 25-OH-D3 administration. Specifically, dietary 25-OH-D3 addition decreased abundance of B- and T-cells in blood, and the expression of inflammatory cytokines, especially TNF-α, in both the ileum and bone marrow, but did not alter the diversity and population or composition of major bacterial phyla. With regard to bone remodeling, dietary 25-OH-D3 supplementation was linked to a decrease in serum C-terminal cross-linked telopeptide of type I collagen reflecting bone resorption and a concomitant decrement in osteoclast-specific marker genes expression (e.g. cathepsin K), whereas it did not apparently change serum bone formation markers during HS. CONCLUSIONS These data underscore the damage of HS to intestinal integrity and bone health, as well as that dietary 25-OH-D3 supplementation was identified as a potential therapy for preventing these adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaiyong Zhang
- Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.,Key laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Maryam Majdeddin
- Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Djoere Gaublomme
- Unit Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent University and Department of Rheumatology, Ghent University Hospital, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bernard Taminiau
- Department of Food Sciences - Microbiology, University of Liège, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Matthieu Boone
- Ghent University Centre for X-ray Tomography (UGCT), Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, Radiation Physics Research Group, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dirk Elewaut
- Unit Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent University and Department of Rheumatology, Ghent University Hospital, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - George Daube
- Department of Food Sciences - Microbiology, University of Liège, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Iván Josipovic
- Ghent University Centre for X-ray Tomography (UGCT), Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Keying Zhang
- Key laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Joris Michiels
- Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
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Benemerito I, Griffiths W, Allsopp J, Furnass W, Bhattacharya P, Li X, Marzo A, Wood S, Viceconti M, Narracott A. Delivering computationally-intensive digital patient applications to the clinic: An exemplar solution to predict femoral bone strength from CT data. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2021; 208:106200. [PMID: 34107372 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2021.106200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Whilst fragility hip fractures commonly affect elderly people, often causing permanent disability or death, they are rarely addressed in advance through preventive techniques. Quantification of bone strength can help to identify subjects at risk, thus reducing the incidence of fractures in the population. In recent years, researchers have shown that finite element models (FEMs) of the hip joint, derived from computed tomography (CT) images, can predict bone strength more accurately than other techniques currently used in the clinic. The specialised hardware and trained personnel required to perform such analyses, however, limits the widespread adoption of FEMs in clinical contexts. In this manuscript we present CT2S (Computed Tomography To Strength), a system developed in collaboration between The University of Sheffield and Sheffield Teaching Hospitals, designed to streamline access to this complex workflow for clinical end-users. METHODS The system relies on XNAT and makes use of custom apps based on open source software. Available through a website, it allows doctors in the healthcare environment to benefit from FE based bone strength estimation without being exposed to the technical aspects, which are concealed behind a user-friendly interface. Clinicians request the analysis of CT scans of a patient through the website. Using XNAT functionality, the anonymised images are automatically transferred to the University research facility, where an operator processes them and estimates the bone strength through FEM using a combination of open source and commercial software. Following the analysis, the doctor is provided with the results in a structured report. RESULTS The platform, currently available for research purposes, has been deployed and fully tested in Sheffield, UK. The entire analysis requires processing times ranging from 3.5 to 8 h, depending on the available computational power. CONCLUSIONS The short processing time makes the system compatible with current clinical workflows. The use of open source software and the accurate description of the workflow given here facilitates the deployment in other centres.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Benemerito
- INSIGNEO Institute for in silico Medicine, The University of Sheffield, UK; Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Sheffield, UK.
| | - W Griffiths
- INSIGNEO Institute for in silico Medicine, The University of Sheffield, UK; Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Sheffield, UK
| | - J Allsopp
- Sheffield Teaching Hospital Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - W Furnass
- Department of Computer Science, The University of Sheffield, UK
| | - P Bhattacharya
- INSIGNEO Institute for in silico Medicine, The University of Sheffield, UK; Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Sheffield, UK
| | - X Li
- INSIGNEO Institute for in silico Medicine, The University of Sheffield, UK; Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Sheffield, UK
| | - A Marzo
- INSIGNEO Institute for in silico Medicine, The University of Sheffield, UK; Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Sheffield, UK
| | - S Wood
- Sheffield Teaching Hospital Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - M Viceconti
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Alma Mater Studiorium, University of Bologna, Italy; Medical Technology Lab, IRCSS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - A Narracott
- INSIGNEO Institute for in silico Medicine, The University of Sheffield, UK; Department of Infection, Immunity & Cardiovascular Disease, The University of Sheffield, UK
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Sieklucka B, Pawlak D, Domaniewski T, Hermanowicz J, Lipowicz P, Doroszko M, Pawlak K. Serum PTH, PTH1R/ATF4 pathway, and the sRANKL/OPG system in bone as a new link between bone growth, cross-sectional geometry, and strength in young rats with experimental chronic kidney disease. Cytokine 2021; 148:155685. [PMID: 34411988 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in children is associated with deregulated parathyroid hormone (PTH), growth retardation, and low bone accrual. PTH can cause both catabolic and anabolic impact on bone, and the activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), a downstream target gene of PTH, is related to its anabolic effect. Osteoprotegerin (OPG) and receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) are PTH-dependent cytokines, which may play an important role in the regulation of bone remodeling. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of endogenous PTH and the bone RANKL/OPG system on bone growth, cross-sectional geometry and strength utilizing young, nephrectomized rats. The parameters of cross-sectional geometry were significantly elevated in rats with CKD during the three-month experimental period compared with the controls, and they were strongly associated with serum PTH levels and the expression of parathyroid hormone 1 receptor (PTH1R)/ATF4 genes in bone. Low bone soluble RANKL (sRANKL) levels and sRANKL/OPG ratios were also positively correlated with cross-sectional bone geometry and femoral length. Moreover, the analyzed geometric parameters were strongly related to the biomechanical properties of femoral diaphysis. In summary, the mild increase in endogenous PTH, its anabolic PTH1R/ATF4 axis and PTH-dependent alterations in the bone RANKL/OPG system may be one of the possible mechanisms responsible for the favorable impact on bone growth, cross-sectional geometry and strength in young rats with experimental CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Sieklucka
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Dariusz Pawlak
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Tomasz Domaniewski
- Department of Monitored Pharmacotherapy, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Justyna Hermanowicz
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Paweł Lipowicz
- Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45C, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Michał Doroszko
- Department of Mechanics and Applied Computer Science, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45C, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Krystyna Pawlak
- Department of Monitored Pharmacotherapy, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland.
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35
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Lin CY, Kang JH. Mechanical Properties of Compact Bone Defined by the Stress-Strain Curve Measured Using Uniaxial Tensile Test: A Concise Review and Practical Guide. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:4224. [PMID: 34361418 PMCID: PMC8347989 DOI: 10.3390/ma14154224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Mechanical properties are crucial parameters for scaffold design for bone tissue engineering; therefore, it is important to understand the definitions of the mechanical properties of bones and relevant analysis methods, such that tissue engineers can use this information to properly design the mechanical properties of scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. The main purpose of this article is to provide a review and practical guide to understand and analyze the mechanical properties of compact bone that can be defined and extracted from the stress-strain curve measured using uniaxial tensile test until failure. The typical stress-strain curve of compact bone measured using uniaxial tensile test until failure is a bilinear, monotonically increasing curve. The associated mechanical properties can be obtained by analyzing this bilinear stress-strain curve. In this article, a computer programming code for analyzing the bilinear stress-strain curve of compact bone for quantifying the associated mechanical properties is provided, such that the readers can use this computer code to perform the analysis directly. In addition to being applied to compact bone, the information provided by this article can also be applied to quantify the mechanical properties of any material having a bilinear stress-strain curve, such as a whole bone, some metals and biomaterials. The information provided by this article can be applied by tissue engineers, such that they can have a reference to properly design the mechanical properties of scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. The information can also be applied by researchers in biomechanics and orthopedics to compare the mechanical properties of bones in different physiological or pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che-Yu Lin
- Institute of Applied Mechanics, College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Jiunn-Horng Kang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Taipei Medical University Hospital, 252 Wuxing Str., Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Str., Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Research Center of Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Str., Taipei 11031, Taiwan
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36
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O'Leary TJ, Wardle SL, Gifford RM, Double RL, Reynolds RM, Woods DR, Greeves JP. Tibial Macrostructure and Microarchitecture Adaptations in Women During 44 Weeks of Arduous Military Training. J Bone Miner Res 2021; 36:1300-1315. [PMID: 33856703 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Bone adapts to unaccustomed, high-impact loading but loses mechanosensitivity quickly. Short periods of military training (≤12 weeks) increase the density and size of the tibia in women. The effect of longer periods of military training, where the incidence of stress fracture is high, on tibial macrostructure and microarchitecture in women is unknown. This observational study recruited 51 women (age 19 to 30 years) at the start of 44 weeks of British Army Officer training. Tibial volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD), geometry, and microarchitecture were measured by high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HRpQCT). Scans of the right tibial metaphysis (4% site) and diaphysis (30% site) were performed at weeks 1, 14, 28, and 44. Measures of whole-body areal bone mineral density (aBMD) were obtained using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Blood samples were taken at weeks 1, 28, and 44, and were analyzed for markers of bone formation and resorption. Trabecular vBMD increased from week 1 to 44 at the 4% site (3.0%, p < .001). Cortical vBMD decreased from week 1 to 14 at the 30% site (-0.3%, p < .001). Trabecular area decreased at the 4% site (-0.4%); trabecular bone volume fraction (3.5%), cortical area (4.8%), and cortical thickness (4.0%) increased at the 4% site; and, cortical perimeter increased at the 30% site (0.5%) from week 1 to 44 (p ≤ .005). Trabecular number (3.5%) and thickness (2.1%) increased, and trabecular separation decreased (-3.1%), at the 4% site from week 1 to 44 (p < .001). Training increased failure load at the 30% site from week 1 to 44 (2.5%, p < .001). Training had no effect on aBMD or markers of bone formation or resorption. Tibial macrostructure and microarchitecture continued to adapt across 44 weeks of military training in young women. Temporal decreases in cortical density support a role of intracortical remodeling in the pathogenesis of stress fracture. © 2021 Crown copyright. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR). This article is published with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and the Queen's Printer for Scotland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J O'Leary
- Army Health and Performance Research, Army Headquarters, Andover, UK.,Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London (UCL), London, UK
| | - Sophie L Wardle
- Army Health and Performance Research, Army Headquarters, Andover, UK.,Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London (UCL), London, UK
| | - Robert M Gifford
- University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Research and Clinical Innovation, Royal Centre for Defence Medicine, Birmingham, UK
| | - Rebecca L Double
- Army Health and Performance Research, Army Headquarters, Andover, UK
| | - Rebecca M Reynolds
- University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David R Woods
- Research and Clinical Innovation, Royal Centre for Defence Medicine, Birmingham, UK.,Research Institute for Sport, Physical Activity and Leisure, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK.,Northumbria and Newcastle National Health Service (NHS) Trusts, Wansbeck General and Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle, UK.,University of Newcastle, Newcastle, UK
| | - Julie P Greeves
- Army Health and Performance Research, Army Headquarters, Andover, UK.,Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London (UCL), London, UK.,Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
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O'Leary TJ, Rice HM, Greeves JP. Biomechanical Basis of Predicting and Preventing Lower Limb Stress Fractures During Arduous Training. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2021; 19:308-317. [PMID: 33635518 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-021-00671-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Stress fractures at weight-bearing sites, particularly the tibia, are common in military recruits and athletes. This review presents recent findings from human imaging and biomechanics studies aimed at predicting and preventing stress fractures. RECENT FINDINGS Peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) provides evidence that cortical bone geometry (tibial width and area) is associated with tibial stress fracture risk during weight-bearing exercise. The contribution of bone trabecular microarchitecture, cortical porosity, and bone material properties in the pathophysiology of stress fractures is less clear, but high-resolution pQCT and new techniques such as impact microindentation may improve our understanding of the role of microarchitecture and material properties in stress fracture prediction. Military studies demonstrate osteogenic outcomes from high impact, repetitive tibial loading during training. Kinetic and kinematic characteristics may influence stress fracture risk, but there is no evidence that interventions to modify biomechanics can reduce the incidence of stress fracture. Strategies to promote adaptive bone formation, in combination with improved techniques to assess bone strength, present exciting opportunities for future research to prevent stress fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J O'Leary
- Army Health and Performance Research, Army Headquarters, Andover, Hampshire, UK
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, UCL, London, UK
| | - Hannah M Rice
- Sport and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Julie P Greeves
- Army Health and Performance Research, Army Headquarters, Andover, Hampshire, UK.
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, UCL, London, UK.
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.
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38
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Du X, Jiang B, Zhang G, Chou CC, Bai Z. Study on the Long Bone Failure Behaviors Under the Indenter Rigid-Contact by Experiment Analysis and Subject-Specific Simulation. J Biomech Eng 2021; 143:021003. [PMID: 32839823 DOI: 10.1115/1.4048203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The bending fracture behaviors of long bone have gained great attention due to the high bending fracture risk during sports events, traffic accidents, and falling incidents, etc. For evaluating bone bending behaviors, most of the previous studies used an indenter in three point bending experiments while the effect of its rigidity was never considered. In this work, using the porcine long bones, the three point bending tests were conducted to explore the bone fracture behaviors under a rigid indenter. In addition to collecting the force applied, the bone fracture dynamic process was recorded by high-speed photography, and the fracture surface profile in mesoscale was observed by the scanning electron microscope (SEM). Based on CT scanning of long bones, the cross section properties of test specimens were calculated by a homemade matlab script for correlating with their failure strengths. Also, a subject-specific finite element (FE) model was developed to identify the outcomes induced by a rigid indenter on simulation. Findings led to conclusions as follows: (1) The tension fracture came with fracture path deflection, which was caused by the bone indentation induced mesoscale crack-opening. Due to this damage before the whole bone fracture, a bone fracture moment correction was established to compensate experimental data. (2) The plastic indentation caused the force fluctuation as suggested by correlation analysis. (3) The bone failure moment correlated with the inertial moment of the bone cross section at the fracture location higher than the traditional cross section area. (4) In the subject-specific simulation, the indentation caused compression fracture under a much lower failure force. Removing the element erosion on the indenter-contacted area only during the validation was verified as a good option to solve this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianping Du
- The State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854
| | - Binhui Jiang
- The State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body, Hunan University, 2 Lushan S Rd., Yuelu District, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Guanjun Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Clifford C Chou
- Bioengineering Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201
| | - Zhonghao Bai
- The State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
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Is the 0.2%-Strain-Offset Approach Appropriate for Calculating the Yield Stress of Cortical Bone? Ann Biomed Eng 2021; 49:1747-1760. [PMID: 33479788 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-020-02719-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The 0.2% strain offset approach is mostly used to calculate the yield stress and serves as an efficient method for cross-lab comparisons of measured material properties. However, it is difficult to accurately determine the yield of the bone. Especially when computational models require accurate material parameters, clarification of the yield point is needed. We tested 24 cortical specimens harvested from six bovine femora in three-point bending mode, and 11 bovine femoral cortical specimens in the tensile mode. The Young's modulus and yield stress for each specimen derived from the specimen-specific finite element (FE) optimization method was regarded as the most ideal constitutive parameter. Then, the strain offset optimization method was used to find the strain offset closest to the ideal yield stress for the 24 specimens. The results showed that the 0 strain offsets underestimated (- 25%) the yield stress in bending and tensile tests, while the 0.2% strain offsets overestimated the yield stress (+ 65%) in three-point bending tests. Instead, the yield stress determined by 0.007 and 0.05% strain offset for bending and tensile loading respectively, can effectively characterize the biomechanical responses of the bone, thereby helping to build an accurate FE model.
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40
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Thrailkill KM, Bunn RC, Uppuganti S, Ray P, Popescu I, Kalaitzoglou E, Fowlkes JL, Nyman JS. Canagliflozin, an SGLT2 inhibitor, corrects glycemic dysregulation in TallyHO model of T2D but only partially prevents bone deficits. Bone 2020; 141:115625. [PMID: 32890778 PMCID: PMC7852344 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Higher fracture risk in type 2 diabetes (T2D) is attributed to disease-specific deficits in micro-structural and material properties of bone, although the primary cause is not yet established. The TallyHO (TH) mouse is a polygenic model of early-onset T2D and obesity analogous to adolescent-onset T2D in humans. Due to incomplete penetrance of the phenotype, ~25% of male TH mice never develop hyperglycemia, providing a strain-matched, non-diabetic control. Utilizing this model of T2D, we examined the impact of glucose-lowering therapy with canagliflozin (CANA) on diabetic bone. Male TH mice with or without hyperglycemia (High BG, Low BG) were monitored from ~8 to 20 weeks of age, and compared to age-matched, male, TH mice treated with CANA from ~8 to 20 weeks of age. At 20 weeks, untreated TH mice with high BG [High BG: 687 ± 106 mg/dL] exhibited lower body mass, decrements in cortical bone of the femur (decreased cross-sectional area and thickness; increased porosity) and in trabecular bone of the femur metaphysis and L6 vertebra (decreased bone volume fraction, thickness, and tissue mineral density), as well as decrements in cortical and vertebral bone strength (decreased yield force and ultimate force) when compared to untreated TH mice with low BG [Low BG: 290 ± 98 mg/dL; p < 0.0001]. CANA treatment was metabolically advantageous, normalizing body mass, BG and HbA1c to values comparable to the Low BG group. With drug-induced glycemic improvement, cortical area and thickness were significantly higher in the CANA than in the High BG group, but deficits in strength persisted with lower yield force and yield stress (partially independent of bone geometry) in the CANA group. Additionally, CANA only partially prevented the T2D-related loss in trabecular bone volume fraction. Taken together, these findings suggest that the ability of CANA to lower glucose and normalized glycemic control ameliorates diabetic bone disease but not fully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn M Thrailkill
- University of Kentucky Barnstable Brown Diabetes Center and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, United States of America.
| | - R Clay Bunn
- University of Kentucky Barnstable Brown Diabetes Center and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, United States of America
| | - Sasidhar Uppuganti
- VA Tennessee Valley Health Care System, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery & Rehabilitation, Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, United States of America
| | - Philip Ray
- University of Kentucky Barnstable Brown Diabetes Center and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, United States of America
| | - Iuliana Popescu
- University of Kentucky Barnstable Brown Diabetes Center and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, United States of America
| | - Evangelia Kalaitzoglou
- University of Kentucky Barnstable Brown Diabetes Center and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, United States of America
| | - John L Fowlkes
- University of Kentucky Barnstable Brown Diabetes Center and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, United States of America
| | - Jeffry S Nyman
- VA Tennessee Valley Health Care System, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery & Rehabilitation, Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, United States of America
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41
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Cho JA, Baek SY, Cheong SH, Kim MR. Spirulina Enhances Bone Modeling in Growing Male Rats by Regulating Growth-Related Hormones. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12041187. [PMID: 32344533 PMCID: PMC7231069 DOI: 10.3390/nu12041187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, growth hormone deficiency in children has been treated with hormone therapy despite the possible significant side effects. Therefore, it was deemed beneficial to develop functional foods or dietary supplements for safely improving children's growth. Spirulina platensis is known for its high antioxidant, anti-aging, anti-cancer, and immunity-enhancing properties, as well as its high digestibility and high protein content, but little has been reported about its influence on bone development in children with a normal supply of protein. In this study, we evaluated the effects of spirulina on the bone metabolism and antioxidant profiles of three-week-old growing male rats. The animals were divided into four groups (n = 17 per group) and were fed AIN93G diets with 0% (control), 30% (SP30), 50% (SP50), and 70% (SP70) of casein protein replaced by spirulina, respectively, for seven weeks. We observed that spirulina enhanced bone growth and bone strength by stimulating parathyroid hormone and growth hormone activities, as well its increased antioxidant activity. These results indicate that spirulina provides a suitable dietary supplement and alternative protein source with antioxidant benefits for growth improvement in early developmental stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Ah Cho
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chungnam National University, 99, Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (J.A.C.); (S.Y.B.)
| | - Seong Yeon Baek
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chungnam National University, 99, Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (J.A.C.); (S.Y.B.)
| | - Sun Hee Cheong
- Department of Marine Bio Food Science, College of Fisheries and Ocean Science, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 550-749, Korea;
| | - Mee Ree Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chungnam National University, 99, Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (J.A.C.); (S.Y.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-42-821-6837
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42
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Güz BC, Molenaar R, de Jong IC, Kemp B, van den Brand H, van Krimpen M. Effects of dietary organic minerals, fish oil, and hydrolyzed collagen on growth performance and tibia characteristics of broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2020; 98:6552-6563. [PMID: 31392338 PMCID: PMC6870562 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutrition is a crucial factor for growth and bone development in broiler chickens. Adjustments in dietary ingredients might affect bone development and consequently locomotion related problems. This study was designed to evaluate effects of dietary organic minerals (ORM), fish oil (FISH), and hydrolyzed collagen (COL) on growth performance and tibia characteristics of broiler chickens. A total of three hundred eighty four 1-day-old Ross 308 male broiler chickens were used in a complete randomized block design with 4 diet groups and 8 replicates per diet group. In the ORM diet, the inorganic macro and trace minerals were replaced by their organic varieties. In the FISH diet, palm oil and soybean oil were partly replaced by FISH. In the COL diet, soybean meal was partly replaced by COL. Results showed that the ORM and COL diet groups reached a higher body weight (BW) at 42 D of age than the FISH diet group, whereas the control group was in between. The feed conversion ratio between day 1 and 42 was lower in the ORM and COL diet groups than in both other diet groups. On day 28, 35, and 42, gait score (GS), Varus Valgus deformity, tibia length (TL), thickness, femoral and metatarsal head thickness (THT), mineral content (TMC), mineral density (TMD), breaking strength (TBS), stiffness (TSF), and energy to fracture (TEF) were measured (n = 3/replicate). The ORM diet group had higher TL at day 42, higher THT at day 28, higher TMC at day 42, higher TMD at day 28, 35, and 42, higher TBS at day 42, higher TSF at day 35 and 42, and higher TEF at day 42 compared to the FISH diet group, with the COL and control diet groups in between. It can be concluded that replacing dietary inorganic macro and trace minerals by their organic varieties seems to stimulate tibia dimensions, strength, and mineral content of broiler chickens. On the contrary, FISH appears to negatively affect tibia characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- B C Güz
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 PB Wageningen, Gelderland, The Netherlands
| | - R Molenaar
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 PB Wageningen, Gelderland, The Netherlands
| | - I C de Jong
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University and Research, De Elst 1, 6708 WD Wageningen, Gelderland, The Netherlands
| | - B Kemp
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 PB Wageningen, Gelderland, The Netherlands
| | - H van den Brand
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 PB Wageningen, Gelderland, The Netherlands
| | - M van Krimpen
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University and Research, De Elst 1, 6708 WD Wageningen, Gelderland, The Netherlands
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43
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Wang T, He H, Liu S, Jia C, Fan Z, Zhong C, Yu J, Liu H, He C. Autophagy: A Promising Target for Age-related Osteoporosis. Curr Drug Targets 2020; 20:354-365. [PMID: 29943700 DOI: 10.2174/1389450119666180626120852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a process the primary role of which is to clear up damaged cellular components such as long-lived proteins and organelles, thus participating in the conservation of different cells. Osteoporosis associated with aging is characterized by consistent changes in bone metabolism with suppression of bone formation as well as increased bone resorption. In advanced age, not only bone mass but also bone strength decrease in both sexes, resulting in an increased incidence of fractures. Clinical and animal experiments reveal that age-related bone loss is associated with many factors such as accumulation of autophagy, increased levels of reactive oxygen species, sex hormone deficiency, and high levels of endogenous glucocorticoids. Available basic and clinical studies indicate that age-associated factors can regulate autophagy. Those factors play important roles in bone remodeling and contribute to decreased bone mass and bone strength with aging. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms involved in bone metabolism related to aging and autophagy, supplying a theory for therapeutic targets to rescue bone mass and bone strength in older people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongchen He
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shaxin Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chengsen Jia
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ziyan Fan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Can Zhong
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiadan Yu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Honghong Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chengqi He
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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44
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Gardinier JD, Daly-Seiler CS, Zhang C. Osteocytes' expression of the PTH/PTHrP receptor has differing effects on endocortical and periosteal bone formation during adenine-induced CKD. Bone 2020; 133:115186. [PMID: 31987988 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2019.115186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Osteocytes play a key role in the pathophysiology of chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, the extent to which osteocytes contribute to abnormalities in bone turnover due to excessive levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH) remains poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which bone formation and tissue strength during the progression of CKD is modified through osteocytes' response to PTH. Conditional knockout mice targeting osteocytes' expression of the PTH/PTH-related protein type 1 receptor (PPR) were subjected to adenine-induced CKD. After 6-weeks of treatment, adenine-induced CKD was found to reduce bone formation at the periosteal and endocortical surfaces of the tibia. The loss in bone mass corresponded with a significant decrease in structural-level mechanical properties. In knockout mice, the loss of PPR expression in osteocytes further exacerbated the loss in bone formation at the endocortical surface, but inhibited bone loss at the periosteal surface. In general, the effects of adenine-induced CKD were not as extensive in female mice. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that osteocytes' response to PTH under adenine-induced CKD has a unique impact on bone turnover that is specific to the periosteal and endocortical surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chunbin Zhang
- Bone and Joint Center, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
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45
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Babatunde OO, Bourton AL, Hind K, Paskins Z, Forsyth JJ. Exercise Interventions for Preventing and Treating Low Bone Mass in the Forearm: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2020; 101:487-511. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2019.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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46
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Kalkhoven JT, Watsford ML, Impellizzeri FM. A conceptual model and detailed framework for stress-related, strain-related, and overuse athletic injury. J Sci Med Sport 2020; 23:726-734. [PMID: 32111566 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2020.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A multitude of athletic injuries occur when the various tissues that make up the human body experience stresses and strains that exceed their material strength. The precise amount of stress and strain that any given tissue can withstand is determined by the mechanical properties and resultant strength of that particular tissue. These mechanical properties are directly determined by an individual's physiology and acute regulation of these properties. A number of theoretical frameworks for athletic injury occurrence have been proposed, however, a detailed conceptual framework for injury aetiology that considers the interplay between the physiological and mechanical factors and outlines the causal pathways to tissue damage and injury is needed. This will guide injury research towards a more thorough investigation of causal mechanisms and understanding of risk factors. Further, it is important to take into account the considerable differences in loading patterns which can result in varying injury outcomes such as acute stress-related, strain-related, or overuse injury. Within this article a simplified conceptual model of athletic injury is proposed along with a detailed, evidence-informed, conceptual framework for athletic injury aetiology that focuses on stress-related, strain-related, and overuse injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judd T Kalkhoven
- Human Performance Research Centre, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Australia.
| | - Mark L Watsford
- Human Performance Research Centre, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Australia
| | - Franco M Impellizzeri
- Human Performance Research Centre, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Australia
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47
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Bicalho E. The Intraosseous Dysfunction in the Osteopathic Perspective: Mechanisms Implicating the Bone Tissue. Cureus 2020; 12:e6760. [PMID: 32140328 PMCID: PMC7039361 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.6760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The somatic dysfunction (SD) is a protagonist in the context of theories and practices involving osteopathy and various other manual therapy methods. It is considered an obstacle to the body's inherent self-regulatory capabilities, and several tissues may be involved in this dysfunctional process, including the bone. The so-called intraosseous dysfunction refers to the restriction of natural flexibility of the fibrous components of the bone tissue matrix, or of the nonossified cartilaginous or membranous areas. Bone is a connective tissue composed of inorganic material and specialized cells organized in a hydrated extracellular matrix that provides the mechanical qualities to the tissue. The development of the bone tissue is a continuous process throughout life, and some bones fuse only years or decades after birth. It has microanatomical continuity with other adjacent structures and its different compartments are supplied by fluids, as well as somatic and autonomic innervation. Several studies show the phenomenon of bone tissue sensitization under traumatic, pathological conditions and also movement restriction. The purpose of the article is to review well-established knowledge and recent scientific findings regarding bone tissue anatomy and physiology, in an attempt to offer insights that could be applied to better understand the mechanisms implicating the intraosseus dysfunctions and its local and global repercussions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Bicalho
- Osteopathic Medicine, Colégio Brasileiro De Osteopatia - CBO ( Brazillian College of Osteopathy), Sorocaba/SP, BRA
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48
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Wang D, Gilbert JR, Zhang X, Zhao B, Ker DFE, Cooper GM. Calvarial Versus Long Bone: Implications for Tailoring Skeletal Tissue Engineering. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2019; 26:46-63. [PMID: 31588853 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2018.0353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Tissue-engineered graft substitutes have shown great potential to treat large bone defects. While we usually assume that therapeutic approaches developed for appendicular bone healing could be similarly translated for application in craniofacial reconstruction and vice versa, this is not necessarily accurate. In addition to those more well-known healing-associated factors, such as age, lifestyle (e.g., nutrition and smoking), preexisting disease (e.g., diabetes), medication, and poor blood supply, the developmental origins and surrounding tissue of the wound sites can largely affect the fracture healing outcome as well as designed treatments. Therefore, the strategies developed for long bone fracture repair might not be suitable or directly applicable to skull bone repair. In this review, we discuss aspects of development, healing process, structure, and tissue engineering considerations between calvarial and long bones to assist in designing the tailored bone repair strategies. Impact Statement We summarized, in this review, the existing body of knowledge between long bone and calvarial bone with regard to their development and healing, tissue structure, and consideration of current tissue engineering strategies. By highlighting their similarities and differences, we propose that tailored tissue engineering strategies, such as scaffold features, growth factor usage, and the source of cells for tissue or region-specific bone repair, are necessary to ensure an optimized healing outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - James R Gilbert
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Xu Zhang
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bingkun Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dai Fei Elmer Ker
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gregory M Cooper
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Oral Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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49
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Dersjant-Li Y, Villca B, Sewalt V, de Kreij A, Marchal L, Velayudhan DE, Sorg RA, Christensen T, Mejldal R, Nikolaev I, Pricelius S, Kim HS, Haaning S, Sørensen JF, Lizardo R. Functionality of a next generation biosynthetic bacterial 6-phytase in enhancing phosphorus availability to weaned piglets fed a corn-soybean meal-based diet without added inorganic phosphate. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 6:24-30. [PMID: 32211525 PMCID: PMC7082667 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2019.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/30/2022]
Abstract
The utility of a next generation biosynthetic bacterial 6-phytase (PhyG) in restoring bone ash, bone phosphorus (P) content and performance in piglets depleted in P was evaluated. A total of 9 treatments were tested as follows. Treatment 1, a negative control (NC) diet; treatments 2, 3, 4, NC supplemented with 250, 500 or 1,000 FTU/kg of PhyG; treatments 5, 6, NC supplemented with 500 or 1,000 FTU/kg of a commercial Buttiauxella sp phytase (PhyB); treatments 7, 8, 9, NC supplemented with monocalcium phosphate (MCP) to provide 0.7, 1.4 and 1.8 g/kg digestible P, equating to a digestible P content of 1.8, 2.5 and 2.9 g/kg. The latter constituting the positive control (PC) diet with adequate P and calcium (Ca). The NC was formulated without inorganic P (1.1 g digestible P/kg) and reduced in Ca (5.0 g/kg). Additional limestone was added to treatments 7 to 9 to maintain Ca-to-P ratio between 1.2 and 1.3. A total of 162 crossed Pietrain × (Large White × Landrace) 21-d-old piglets (50% males and 50% females) were fed adaptation diets until 42 d old and then assigned to pens with 2 pigs/pen and 9 pens/treatment in a completely randomized block design. Piglets were fed mash diets based on corn and soybean meal ad libitum for 28 d. At the end of the study, one piglet perpen was euthanized and the right feet collected for determination of bone strength, bone ash and mineral content. Compared with the PC, the NC group had reduced average daily gain (ADG) and increased feed conversion ratio (FCR) during all growth phases and overall, and at d 28 (70 d old) NC pigs had bones with reduced ash, Ca and P content (P < 0.05). The PhyG at 250 FTU/kg improved bone ash vs. NC. Increasing PhyG dose linearly or quadratically improved bone ash, ADG and FCR (P < 0.05). At ≥ 500 FTU/kg, both PhyG and PhyB maintained ADG and FCR equivalent to PC. Linear regression analysis was done to compare the measured response parameters to increasing digestible P from MCP. Based on this analysis it was shown that PhyG and PhyB at 1,000 FTU/kg could replace 1.83 and 1.66 g/kg digestible P from MCP in the diet, respectively, on average across metacarpi bone ash, ADG or FCR. These findings suggest that the biosynthetic phytase is highly effective in the tested dietary setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueming Dersjant-Li
- DuPont Nutrition and Biosciences, Archimedesweg, 30, 2333, CN Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Boris Villca
- Institut de Recerca I Tecnologia Agroalimentàries, Centre Mas de Bover, Ctra. Reus-El Morell km. 3.8, E-43120, Constantí, Spain
| | - Vincent Sewalt
- DuPont Nutrition & Biosciences, 925 Page Mill Road, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Arno de Kreij
- DuPont Nutrition & Biosciences, 21 Biopolis Road, Nucleos, South Tower, 138567, Singapore
| | - Leon Marchal
- DuPont Nutrition and Biosciences, Archimedesweg, 30, 2333, CN Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Deepak E Velayudhan
- DuPont Nutrition and Biosciences, Archimedesweg, 30, 2333, CN Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Robin A Sorg
- DuPont Nutrition and Biosciences, Archimedesweg, 30, 2333, CN Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Trine Christensen
- DuPont Nutrition and Biosciences, Edwin Rahrs Vej 38, DK-8220, Brabrand, Denmark
| | - Rie Mejldal
- DuPont Nutrition and Biosciences, Edwin Rahrs Vej 38, DK-8220, Brabrand, Denmark
| | - Igor Nikolaev
- DuPont Nutrition and Biosciences, Archimedesweg, 30, 2333, CN Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Sina Pricelius
- DuPont Nutrition and Biosciences, Archimedesweg, 30, 2333, CN Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Hye-Sook Kim
- DuPont Nutrition & Biosciences, 925 Page Mill Road, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Svend Haaning
- DuPont Nutrition and Biosciences, Edwin Rahrs Vej 38, DK-8220, Brabrand, Denmark
| | - Jens F Sørensen
- DuPont Nutrition and Biosciences, Edwin Rahrs Vej 38, DK-8220, Brabrand, Denmark
| | - Rosil Lizardo
- Institut de Recerca I Tecnologia Agroalimentàries, Centre Mas de Bover, Ctra. Reus-El Morell km. 3.8, E-43120, Constantí, Spain
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50
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Thiagarajan G, Begonia MT, Dallas M, Lara-Castillo N, Scott JM, Johnson ML. Determination of Elastic Modulus in Mouse Bones Using a Nondestructive Micro-Indentation Technique Using Reference Point Indentation. J Biomech Eng 2019; 140:2679246. [PMID: 29801077 DOI: 10.1115/1.4039982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The determination of the elastic modulus of bone is important in studying the response of bone to loading and is determined using a destructive three-point bending method. Reference point indentation (RPI), with one cycle of indentation, offers a nondestructive alternative to determine the elastic modulus. While the elastic modulus could be determined using a nondestructive procedure for ex vivo experiments, for in vivo testing, the three-point bending technique may not be practical and hence RPI is viewed as a potential alternative and explored in this study. Using the RPI measurements, total indentation distance (TID), creep indentation distance, indentation force, and the unloading slope, we have developed a numerical analysis procedure using the Oliver-Pharr (O/P) method to estimate the indentation elastic modulus. Two methods were used to determine the area function: (1) Oliver-Pharr (O/P-based on a numerical procedure) and (2) geometric (based on the calculation of the projected area of indentation). The indentation moduli of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) calculated by the O/P (3.49-3.68 GPa) and geometric (3.33-3.49 GPa) methods were similar to values in literature (3.5-4 GPa). In a study using femurs from C57Bl/6 mice of different ages and genders, the three-point bending modulus was lower than the indentation modulus. In femurs from 4 to 5 months old TOPGAL mice, we found that the indentation modulus from the geometric (5.61 ± 1.25 GPa) and O/P (5.53 ± 1.27 GPa) methods was higher than the three-point bending modulus (5.28 ± 0.34 GPa). In females, the indentation modulus from the geometric (7.45 ± 0.86 GPa) and O/P (7.46 ± 0.92 GPa) methods was also higher than the three-point bending modulus (7.33 ± 1.13 GPa). We can conclude from this study that the RPI determined values are relatively close to three-point bending values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh Thiagarajan
- Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 350K Robert H. Flarsheim Hall, 5110 Rockhill Road, Kansas City, MO 64110 e-mail:
| | - Mark T Begonia
- Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 350K Robert H. Flarsheim Hall, 5110 Rockhill Road, Kansas City, MO 64110
| | - Mark Dallas
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Room 3143, 650 E 25th Street, Kansas City, MO 64108
| | - Nuria Lara-Castillo
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Room 3143, 650 E 25th Street, Kansas City, MO 64108
| | - JoAnna M Scott
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Room 3143, 650 E 25th Street, Kansas City, MO 64108
| | - Mark L Johnson
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Room 3143, 650 E 25th Street, Kansas City, MO 64108
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