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Hubbard NA, Bauer CCC, Siless V, Auerbach RP, Elam JS, Frosch IR, Henin A, Hofmann SG, Hodge MR, Jones R, Lenzini P, Lo N, Park AT, Pizzagalli DA, Vaz-DeSouza F, Gabrieli JDE, Whitfield-Gabrieli S, Yendiki A, Ghosh SS. The Human Connectome Project of adolescent anxiety and depression dataset. Sci Data 2024; 11:837. [PMID: 39095370 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-024-03629-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
This article describes primary data and resources available from the Boston Adolescent Neuroimaging of Depression and Anxiety (BANDA) study, a novel arm of the Human Connectome Project (HCP). Data were collected from 215 adolescents (14-17 years old), 152 of whom had current diagnoses of anxiety and/or depressive disorders at study intake. Data include cross-sectional structural (T1- and T2-weighted), functional (resting state and three tasks), and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance images. Both unprocessed and HCP minimally-preprocessed imaging data are available within the data release packages. Adolescent and parent clinical interview data, as well as cognitive and neuropsychological data are also included within these packages. Release packages additionally provide data collected from self-report measures assessing key features of adolescent psychopathology, including: anxious and depressive symptom dimensions, behavioral inhibition/activation, exposure to stressful life events, and risk behaviors. Finally, the release packages include 6- and 12-month longitudinal data acquired from clinical measures. Data are publicly accessible through the National Institute of Mental Health Data Archive (ID: #2505).
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Hubbard
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA.
- Center for Brain, Biology, and Behavior, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA.
| | - C C C Bauer
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences and McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - V Siless
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - R P Auerbach
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - J S Elam
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - I R Frosch
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences and McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - A Henin
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S G Hofmann
- Department of Psychology, Philipps University of Marburg, DEU, Germany
| | - M R Hodge
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - R Jones
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - P Lenzini
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - N Lo
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences and McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - A T Park
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences and McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - D A Pizzagalli
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - F Vaz-DeSouza
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J D E Gabrieli
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences and McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - S Whitfield-Gabrieli
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences and McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - A Yendiki
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - S S Ghosh
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences and McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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2
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Daneshgar S, Tvrdy T, Enoka RM. Explaining the influence of practice on the grooved pegboard times of older adults: role of force steadiness. Exp Brain Res 2024; 242:1971-1982. [PMID: 38916760 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-024-06878-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
The purpose was to identify the variables that can explain the variance in the grooved pegboard times of older adults categorized as either fast or slow performers. Participants (n = 28; 60-83 years) completed two experimental sessions, before and after 6 practice sessions of the grooved pegboard test. The 2 groups were identified based on average pegboard times during the practice sessions. Average pegboard time during practice was 73 ± 11 s for the fast group and 85 ± 13 s for the slow group. Explanatory variables for the pegboard times before and after practice were the durations of 4 peg-manipulation phases and 12 measures of force steadiness (coefficient of variation [CV] for force) during isometric contractions with the index finger abductor and wrist extensor muscles. Time to complete the grooved pegboard test after practice decreased by 25 ± 11% for the fast group and by 28 ± 10% for the slow group. Multiple regression models explained more of the variance in the pegboard times for the fast group before practice (Adjusted R2 = 0.85) than after practice (R2 = 0.51), whereas the variance explained for the slow group was similar before (Adjusted R2 = 0.67) and after (Adjusted R2 = 0.64) practice. The explanatory variables differed between before and after practice for the fast group but only slightly for the slow group. These findings indicate that performance-based stratification of older adults can identify unique adjustments in motor function that are independent of chronological age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Daneshgar
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Taylor Tvrdy
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Roger M Enoka
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA.
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Zhang M, Ho E, Nowinski CJ, Fox RS, Ayturk E, Karpouzian-Rogers T, Novack M, Dodge HH, Weintraub S, Gershon R. The Paradox in Positive and Negative Aspects of Emotional Functioning Among Older Adults with Early Stages of Cognitive Impairment. J Aging Health 2024; 36:471-483. [PMID: 37800686 DOI: 10.1177/08982643231199806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Emotional functioning in older adults is influenced by normal aging and cognitive impairment, likely heterogeneous across positive versus negative aspects of emotional functioning. Little is known about positive emotional experiences at the early stages of cognitive impairment. Methods: We assessed different aspects of emotional functioning among 448 participants aged 65+ (Normal Control (NC) = 276, Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) = 103, and mild dementia of the Alzheimer type (mild DAT) = 69) and tested moderators. Results: Compared to NC, older adults with MCI and mild DAT have maintained many positive aspects of emotional functioning, despite higher levels of negative affect, sadness, and loneliness. Among the oldest-old, the mild DAT group experienced higher fear and lower self-efficacy. Discussion: Older adults at early stages of cognitive impairment can experience positive aspects of emotional functioning, such as positive affect, purpose, and life satisfaction, all of which are important buildable psychological resources for coping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manrui Zhang
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Emily Ho
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Cindy J Nowinski
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Rina S Fox
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- College of Nursing, University of Arizona, Tuscon, AZ, USA
| | - Ezgi Ayturk
- College of Social Sciences and Humanities, KOC Universitesi, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tatiana Karpouzian-Rogers
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Miriam Novack
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hiroko H Dodge
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sandra Weintraub
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Richard Gershon
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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Jordan NC, Dyson N, Guba TP, Botello M, Suchanec-Cooper H, May H. Exploring the impact of a fraction sense intervention in authentic school environments: An initial investigation. J Exp Child Psychol 2024; 244:105954. [PMID: 38718680 DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2024.105954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
A solid understanding of fractions is the cornerstone for acquiring proficiency with rational numbers and paves the way for learning advanced mathematical concepts such as algebra. Fraction difficulties limit not only students' educational and vocational opportunities but also their ability to solve everyday problems. Students who exit sixth grade with inadequate understanding of fractions may experience far-reaching repercussions that lead to lifelong avoidance of mathematics. This article presents the results of a randomized controlled trial focusing on the first two cohorts of a larger efficacy investigation aimed at building fraction sense in students with mathematics difficulties. Teachers implemented an evidence-informed fraction sense intervention (FSI) within their sixth-grade intervention classrooms. The lessons draw from research in cognitive science as well as mathematics education research. Employing random assignment at the classroom level, multilevel modeling revealed a significant effect of the intervention on posttest fractions scores after controlling for pretest fractions scores, working memory, vocabulary, proportional reasoning, and classroom attentive behavior. Students in the FSI group outperformed their counterparts in the control group, with noteworthy effect sizes on most fraction measures. Challenges associated with carrying out school-based intervention research are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nancy Dyson
- University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | | | | | | | - Henry May
- University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
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5
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Mather MA, Ho EH, Bedjeti K, Karpouzian-Rogers T, Rogalski EJ, Gershon R, Weintraub S. Measuring Multidimensional Aspects of Health in the Oldest Old Using the NIH Toolbox: Results From the ARMADA Study. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2024; 39:535-546. [PMID: 38216151 PMCID: PMC11269891 DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acad105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The percentage of older adults living into their 80s and beyond is expanding rapidly. Characterization of typical cognitive performance in this population is complicated by a dearth of normative data for the oldest old. Additionally, little attention has been paid to other aspects of health, such as motor, sensory, and emotional functioning, that may interact with cognitive changes to predict quality of life and well-being. The current study used the NIH Toolbox (NIHTB) to determine age group differences between persons aged 65-84 and 85+ with normal cognition. METHOD Participants were recruited in two age bands (i.e., 65-84 and 85+). All participants completed the NIHTB Cognition, Motor, Sensation, and Emotion modules. Independent-samples t-tests determined age group differences with post-hoc adjustments using Bonferroni corrections. All subtest and composite scores were then regressed on age and other demographic covariates. RESULTS The 65-84 group obtained significantly higher scores than the 85+ group across all cognitive measures except oral reading, all motor measures except gait speed, and all sensation measures except pain interference. Age remained a significant predictor after controlling for covariates. Age was not significantly associated with differences in emotion scores. CONCLUSIONS Results support the use of the NIHTB in persons over 85 with normal cognition. As expected, fluid reasoning abilities and certain motor and sensory functions decreased with age in the oldest old. Inclusion of motor and sensation batteries is warranted when studying trajectories of aging in the oldest old to allow for multidimensional characterization of health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly A Mather
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer’s Disease, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Emily H Ho
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Katy Bedjeti
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Tatiana Karpouzian-Rogers
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer’s Disease, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Emily J Rogalski
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer’s Disease, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Richard Gershon
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sandra Weintraub
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer’s Disease, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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6
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Meurer WJ, Schmitzberger FF, Yeatts S, Ramakrishnan V, Abella B, Aufderheide T, Barsan W, Benoit J, Berry S, Black J, Bozeman N, Broglio K, Brown J, Brown K, Carlozzi N, Caveney A, Cho SM, Chung-Esaki H, Clevenger R, Conwit R, Cooper R, Crudo V, Daya M, Harney D, Hsu C, Johnson NJ, Khan I, Khosla S, Kline P, Kratz A, Kudenchuk P, Lewis RJ, Madiyal C, Meyer S, Mosier J, Mouammar M, Neth M, O'Neil B, Paxton J, Perez S, Perman S, Sozener C, Speers M, Spiteri A, Stevenson V, Sunthankar K, Tonna J, Youngquist S, Geocadin R, Silbergleit R. Influence of Cooling duration on Efficacy in Cardiac Arrest Patients (ICECAP): study protocol for a multicenter, randomized, adaptive allocation clinical trial to identify the optimal duration of induced hypothermia for neuroprotection in comatose, adult survivors of after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Trials 2024; 25:502. [PMID: 39044295 PMCID: PMC11264458 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-024-08280-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac arrest is a common and devastating emergency of both the heart and brain. More than 380,000 patients suffer out-of-hospital cardiac arrest annually in the USA. Induced cooling of comatose patients markedly improved neurological and functional outcomes in pivotal randomized clinical trials, but the optimal duration of therapeutic hypothermia has not yet been established. METHODS This study is a multi-center randomized, response-adaptive, duration (dose) finding, comparative effectiveness clinical trial with blinded outcome assessment. We investigate two populations of adult comatose survivors of cardiac arrest to ascertain the shortest duration of cooling that provides the maximum treatment effect. The design is based on a statistical model of response as defined by the primary endpoint, a weighted 90-day mRS (modified Rankin Scale, a measure of neurologic disability), across the treatment arms. Subjects will initially be equally randomized between 12, 24, and 48 h of therapeutic cooling. After the first 200 subjects have been randomized, additional treatment arms between 12 and 48 h will be opened and patients will be allocated, within each initial cardiac rhythm type (shockable or non-shockable), by response adaptive randomization. As the trial continues, shorter and longer duration arms may be opened. A maximum sample size of 1800 subjects is proposed. Secondary objectives are to characterize: the overall safety and adverse events associated with duration of cooling, the effect on neuropsychological outcomes, and the effect on patient-reported quality of life measures. DISCUSSION In vitro and in vivo studies have shown the neuroprotective effects of therapeutic hypothermia for cardiac arrest. We hypothesize that longer durations of cooling may improve either the proportion of patients that attain a good neurological recovery or may result in better recovery among the proportion already categorized as having a good outcome. If the treatment effect of cooling is increasing across duration, for at least some set of durations, then this provides evidence of the efficacy of cooling itself versus normothermia, even in the absence of a normothermia control arm, confirming previous RCTs for OHCA survivors of shockable rhythms and provides the first prospective controlled evidence of efficacy in those without initial shockable rhythms. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04217551. Registered on 30 December 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Meurer
- Emergency Medicine, Neurology, University of Michigan, TC B1-354, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5301, USA.
| | | | - Sharon Yeatts
- Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | | | - Benjamin Abella
- Emergency Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tom Aufderheide
- Emergency Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - William Barsan
- Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Justin Benoit
- Emergency Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | - Joy Black
- Emergency Medicine, Neuroscience, University of Michigan, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Nia Bozeman
- Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kristine Broglio
- Berry Consultants, Oncology Statistical Innovation, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Jeremy Brown
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kimberly Brown
- Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Noelle Carlozzi
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Angela Caveney
- Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sung-Min Cho
- Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Anesthesia, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hangyul Chung-Esaki
- The Queen's Medical Center, University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine, Critical Care, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Robert Clevenger
- Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Robin Conwit
- Neurology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Richelle Cooper
- Emergency Medicine, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Valentina Crudo
- Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Mohamud Daya
- Emergency Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Deneil Harney
- Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Cindy Hsu
- Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Nicholas J Johnson
- Emergency Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Imad Khan
- Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Shaveta Khosla
- Emergency Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Peyton Kline
- Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Anna Kratz
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Peter Kudenchuk
- Division of Cardiology, Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Roger J Lewis
- Emergency Medicine, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Chaitra Madiyal
- Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sara Meyer
- Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Jarrod Mosier
- Emergency Medicine, Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Marwan Mouammar
- Medicine, Critical Care Medicine, OHSU Portland Adventist Medical Center, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Matthew Neth
- Emergency Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Brian O'Neil
- Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - James Paxton
- Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Sofia Perez
- Emergency Medicine Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sarah Perman
- Emergency Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Cemal Sozener
- Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Mickie Speers
- Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Aimee Spiteri
- Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Kavita Sunthankar
- Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Joseph Tonna
- Surgery, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Scott Youngquist
- Emergency Medicine, Spencer Eccles School of Medicine at the University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Romergryko Geocadin
- Neurology, Anesthesiology-Critical Care Medicine, Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Grenell A, Butts JR, Levine SC, Fyfe ER. Children's confidence on mathematical equivalence and fraction problems. J Exp Child Psychol 2024; 246:106003. [PMID: 39043115 DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2024.106003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Metacognition is how people think about their own thinking, and it includes children's confidence in their problem-solving solutions. We assessed children's metacognition in two areas of mathematics that are often plagued by misconceptions and often studied separately-mathematical equivalence (e.g., 3 + 4 = 5 +__) and fraction magnitude (e.g., 1/3 = 2/__). Specifically, we quantified children's metacognitive skills across these topics, examined whether these skills are topic-specific, and determined how these skills covary with domain-general executive functioning. A total of 80 elementary school children (Mage = 7.70 years, SD = 0.69) provided trial-by-trial performance data and confidence judgments on equivalence and fraction problems as well as assessments of executive function. Children's metacognitive skills were especially impaired when using incorrect strategies based on misconceptions, and we did not find robust evidence for cross-topic associations. We found modest associations between children's metacognitive skills and their working memory and inhibitory control. Findings have theoretical and practical implications for understanding which children struggle with these important mathematics concepts and why.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Grenell
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Jacob R Butts
- Department of Psychology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Susan C Levine
- Department of Psychology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Emily R Fyfe
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
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8
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Christ SE, Arnold G, Lichter-Konecki U, Berry GT, Grange DK, Harding CO, Jurecki E, Levy H, Longo N, Morotti H, Sacharow S, Thomas J, White DA. Initial results from the PHEFREE longitudinal natural history study: Cross-sectional observations in a cohort of individuals with phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) deficiency. Mol Genet Metab 2024; 143:108541. [PMID: 39059270 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2024.108541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Over fifty years have passed since the last large scale longitudinal study of individuals with PAH deficiency in the U.S. Since then, there have been significant changes in terms of treatment recommendations as well as treatment options. The Phenylalanine Families and Researchers Exploring Evidence (PHEFREE) Consortium was recently established to collect a more up-to-date and extensive longitudinal natural history in individuals with phenylketonuria across the lifespan. In the present paper, we describe the structure and methods of the PHEFREE longitudinal study protocol and report cross-sectional data from an initial sample of 73 individuals (5 months to 54 years of age) with PAH deficiency who have enrolled. Looking forward, the study holds the promise for advancing the field on several fronts including the validation of novel neurocognitive tools for assessment in individuals with PKU as well as evaluation of the long-term effects of changes in metabolic control (e.g., effects of Phe-lowering therapies) on outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn E Christ
- University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States of America
| | | | | | - Gerard T Berry
- Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Dorothy K Grange
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Cary O Harding
- Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States of America.
| | - Elaina Jurecki
- National PKU Alliance, San Ramon, CA, United States of America
| | - Harvey Levy
- Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Nicola Longo
- University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America
| | - Hadley Morotti
- Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States of America
| | - Stephanie Sacharow
- Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Janet Thomas
- Children's Hospital of Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - Desiree A White
- Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
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9
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Zheng P, Phillips SA, Duffecy J, DeJonge SR, DuBose NG, Motl RW. Remotely-delivered exercise training program for improving physical and cognitive functions among older adults with multiple sclerosis: Protocol for an NIH stage-I randomized controlled trial. Contemp Clin Trials 2024; 144:107636. [PMID: 39038700 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2024.107636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Older adults with multiple sclerosis (MS) present with low physical activity participation, cognitive and ambulatory dysfunctions, and compromised quality of life (QOL). OBJECTIVE We propose a NIH Stage-I, randomized controlled trial (RCT) that examines the feasibility and efficacy of a 16-week theory-based, remotely-delivered, exercise training program for improving cognitive and physical functions in older adults with MS who have moderate mobility disability without severe cognitive impairment. METHODS This Stage-I study utilizes a parallel-group RCT design. Participants (N = 50; age ≥ 50 years) will be randomly assigned into exercise training (combined aerobic and resistance exercise) or active control (flexibility and stretching) conditions. The conditions will be undertaken within a participant's home/community over a 16-week period, and monitored remotely and supported by Zoom-based chats guided by social cognitive theory (SCT) via a behavioral coach. Participants will receive training manuals and equipment, one-on-one behavioral coaching, action-planning calendars, self-monitoring logs, and SCT-based newsletters. The primary outcomes include feasibility (e.g., recruitment and retention rates), exercise behavior and physical activity; other outcomes include physical function (lower-extremity function, mobility, walking), cognition (processing speed, learning and memory, executive function), MS symptoms, QOL, and vascular function. We will collect outcome data at baseline (Week 0), post-intervention (Week 16), and follow-up (Week-32). Data analysis will follow intent-to-treat principles using linear mixed-effects models. DISCUSSION This Stage-I trial adopts an innovative approach for exercise training via telerehabilitation and is convenient and accessible for older adults with MS. If successful, the study will provide foundations for future research using remotely-delivered exercise intervention for managing the consequences of aging with MS. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT05930821.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peixuan Zheng
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.
| | - Shane A Phillips
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jennifer Duffecy
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Sydney R DeJonge
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Noah G DuBose
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Robert W Motl
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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10
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Jacobs GR, Coleman MJ, Lewandowski KE, Pasternak O, Cetin-Karayumak S, Mesholam-Gately RI, Wojcik J, Kennedy L, Knyazhanskaya E, Reid B, Swago S, Lyons MG, Rizzoni E, John O, Carrington H, Kim N, Kotler E, Veale S, Haidar A, Prunier N, Haaf M, Levitt JJ, Seitz-Holland J, Rathi Y, Kubicki M, Keshavan MS, Holt DJ, Seidman LJ, Öngür D, Breier A, Bouix S, Shenton ME. An Introduction to the Human Connectome Project for Early Psychosis. Schizophr Bull 2024:sbae123. [PMID: 39036958 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbae123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The time following a recent onset of psychosis is a critical period during which intervention may be maximally effective. Studying individuals in this period also offers an opportunity to investigate putative brain biomarkers of illness prior to the long-term effects of chronicity and medication. The Human Connectome Project for Early Psychosis (HCP-EP) was funded by the National Institutes of Mental Health (NIMH) as an extension of the original Human Connectome Project's approach to understanding the human brain and its structural and functional connections. DESIGN The HCP-EP data were collected at 3 sites in Massachusetts (Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, McLean Hospital, and Massachusetts General Hospital), and one site in Indiana (Indiana University). Brigham and Women's Hospital served as the data coordination center and as an imaging site. RESULTS The HCP-EP dataset includes high-quality clinical, cognitive, functional, neuroimaging, and blood specimen data acquired from 303 individuals between the ages of 16-35 years old with affective psychosis (n = 75), non-affective psychosis (n = 148), and healthy controls (n = 80). Participants with early psychosis were within 5 years of illness onset (mean duration = 1.9 years, standard deviation = 1.4 years). All data and novel or modified analytic tools developed as part of the study are publicly available to the research community through the NIMH Data Archive (NDA) or GitHub (https://github.com/pnlbwh). CONCLUSIONS This paper provides an overview of the specific HCP-EP procedures, assessments, and protocols, as well as a brief characterization of the study participants to make it easier for researchers to use this rich dataset. Although we focus here on discussing and comparing affective and non-affective psychosis groups, the HCP-EP dataset also provides sufficient information for investigators to group participants differently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace R Jacobs
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael J Coleman
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Ofer Pasternak
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Suheyla Cetin-Karayumak
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Raquelle I Mesholam-Gately
- Massachusetts Mental Health Center Public Psychiatry Division, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joanne Wojcik
- Massachusetts Mental Health Center Public Psychiatry Division, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Leda Kennedy
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Evdokiya Knyazhanskaya
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Benjamin Reid
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sophia Swago
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Monica G Lyons
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Rizzoni
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Omar John
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Holly Carrington
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicholas Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elana Kotler
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Simone Veale
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anastasia Haidar
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicholas Prunier
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Moritz Haaf
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatry Neuroimaging Branch (PNB), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - James J Levitt
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, VA Boston Healthcare System, Brockton Division, Brockton, MA, United States
| | - Johanna Seitz-Holland
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yogesh Rathi
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marek Kubicki
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matcheri S Keshavan
- Massachusetts Mental Health Center Public Psychiatry Division, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daphne J Holt
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Larry J Seidman
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Massachusetts Mental Health Center Public Psychiatry Division, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dost Öngür
- Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Alan Breier
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Sylvain Bouix
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Software Engineering and Information Technology, École de Technologie Supérieure, Université du Québec, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Martha E Shenton
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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11
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Novack MA, Young SR, Dworak EM, Kaat AJ, Slotkin J, Nowinski C, Yao L, Adam H, Stoeger J, Hosseinian Z, Amagai S, Pila S, Varela Diaz M, Almonte Correa A, Alperin K, Carlson S, Kellen M, Omberg L, Camacho MR, Landavazo B, Nosheny RL, Weiner MW, Gershon RC. Mobile toolbox (MTB) remote measures of executive function and processing speed: development and validation. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38989719 DOI: 10.1017/s1355617724000225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The ability to remotely monitor cognitive skills is increasing with the ubiquity of smartphones. The Mobile Toolbox (MTB) is a new measurement system that includes measures assessing Executive Functioning (EF) and Processing Speed (PS): Arrow Matching, Shape-Color Sorting, and Number-Symbol Match. The purpose of this study was to assess their psychometric properties. METHOD MTB measures were developed for smartphone administration based on constructs measured in the NIH Toolbox® (NIHTB). Psychometric properties of the resulting measures were evaluated in three studies with participants ages 18 to 90. In Study 1 (N = 92), participants completed MTB measures in the lab and were administered both equivalent NIH TB measures and other external measures of similar cognitive constructs. In Study 2 (N = 1,021), participants completed the equivalent NIHTB measures in the lab and then took the MTB measures on their own, remotely. In Study 3 (N = 168), participants completed MTB measures twice remotely, two weeks apart. RESULTS All three measures exhibited very high internal consistency and strong test-retest reliability, as well as moderately high correlations with comparable NIHTB tests and moderate correlations with external measures of similar constructs. Phone operating system (iOS vs. Android) had a significant impact on performance for Arrow Matching and Shape-Color Sorting, but no impact on either validity or reliability. CONCLUSIONS Results support the reliability and convergent validity of MTB EF and PS measures for use across the adult lifespan in remote, self-administered designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam A Novack
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Stephanie Ruth Young
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Dworak
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Aaron J Kaat
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jerry Slotkin
- Center for Health Assessment Research and Translation, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Cindy Nowinski
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lihua Yao
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hubert Adam
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jordan Stoeger
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Zahra Hosseinian
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Saki Amagai
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sarah Pila
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Maria Varela Diaz
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Anyelo Almonte Correa
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Monica R Camacho
- University of California, San Francisco, NCIRE, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Northern California Institute for Research and Education, San Francisco Veteran's Administration Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Bernard Landavazo
- University of California, San Francisco, NCIRE, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Northern California Institute for Research and Education, San Francisco Veteran's Administration Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Rachel L Nosheny
- University of California, San Francisco, NCIRE, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Northern California Institute for Research and Education, San Francisco Veteran's Administration Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michael W Weiner
- University of California, San Francisco, NCIRE, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Northern California Institute for Research and Education, San Francisco Veteran's Administration Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Richard C Gershon
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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12
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Zalanowski S, Riley E, Spaulding A, Hansen E, Clooney D, Modoono C, Evans E. Connecting Practice to Data: Implementation Strategies to Increase Collection of Core Outcome Measures in an Inpatient Rehabilitation Facility. J Head Trauma Rehabil 2024:00001199-990000000-00181. [PMID: 39038092 DOI: 10.1097/htr.0000000000000987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe a quality improvement project aimed at increasing collection of a "Core Set" of functional outcome measures in an inpatient rehabilitation facility (IRF), characterize implementation strategies used across 4 study phases, and evaluate program adoption and maintenance. SETTING A 30-bed brain injury unit of a 132-bed IRF. PARTICIPANTS Participants included physical therapists (5 full-time, 2 part-time, and 30 hourly as needed) and 764 individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI) who received care during the project period. DESIGN In this descriptive observational study, we operationalize implementation strategies selected for 4 project phases: Exploration, Preparation, Implementation, and Sustainment. We define each implementation strategy using the Expert Recommendations for Implementing Change and report on program adoption and maintenance. MAIN MEASURES Adoption (proportion of TBI-related admissions with completed outcome measures) and maintenance (adoption over 4 years). RESULTS Preparation phase strategies focused on local adaptations, education, environmental preparation, and collaboration with informatics. Implementation phase strategies included reminders, feedback, champions, and iterative adjustments. Sustainment strategies focused on integration into standard practice. Adoption increased postinitiation for all measures except one. Despite improvements, a notable portion of measures remained incomplete. Increases in outcome measure collection were maintained for 2 to 4 years, but a significant decline in paired admission and discharge scores suggests a reduced ability to monitor change over time. CONCLUSIONS This study provides an example of a clinically driven quality improvement project and selected implementation strategies used to increase the collection of standard outcome measures in IRF. By leveraging the Expert Recommendations for Implementing Change framework, we aim to enhance comparability with similar efforts elsewhere. The results demonstrate the program's successes and challenges, highlighting the need for interdisciplinary clinical and research collaboration to support the translation of knowledge between research and clinical practice and inform meaningful improvements in care across TBI rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey Zalanowski
- Author Affiliations: Department of Physical Therapy, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (Drs Zalanowski, Riley, Spaulding, Hansen, Clooney, Modoono, and Evans); Department of Physical Therapy, Sargent College of Health & Rehabilitation Sciences, Boston University (Drs Riley and Evans)
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13
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Falcon C, Montesinos P, Václavů L, Kassinopoulos M, Minguillon C, Fauria K, Cascales-Lahoz D, Contador J, Fernández-Lebrero A, Navalpotro I, Puig-Pijoan A, Grau-Rivera O, Kollmorgen G, Quijano-Rubio C, Molinuevo JL, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Suárez-Calvet M, Van Osch MJP, Sanchez-Gonzalez J, Gispert JD. Time-encoded ASL reveals lower cerebral blood flow in the early AD continuum. Alzheimers Dement 2024. [PMID: 38958557 DOI: 10.1002/alz.14059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cerebral blood flow (CBF) is reduced in cognitively impaired (CI) Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. We checked the sensitivity of time-encoded arterial spin labeling (te-ASL) in measuring CBF alterations in individuals with positive AD biomarkers and associations with relevant biomarkers in cognitively unimpaired (CU) individuals. METHODS We compared te-ASL with single-postlabel delay (PLD) ASL in measuring CBF in 59 adults across the AD continuum, classified as CU amyloid beta (Aβ) negative (-), CU Aβ positive (+), and CI Aβ+. We sought associations of CBF with biomarkers of AD, cerebrovascular disease, synaptic dysfunction, neurodegeneration, and cognition in CU participants. RESULTS te-ASL was more sensitive at detecting CBF reduction in the CU Aβ+ and CI Aβ+ groups. In CU participants, lower CBF was associated with altered biomarkers of Aβ, tau, synaptic dysfunction, and neurodegeneration. DISCUSSION CBF reduction occurs early in the AD continuum. te-ASL is more sensitive than single-PLD ASL at detecting CBF changes in AD. HIGHLIGHTS Lower CBF can be detected in CU subjects in the early AD continuum. te-ASL is more sensitive than single-PLD ASL at detecting CBF alterations in AD. CBF is linked to biomarkers of AD, synaptic dysfunction, and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carles Falcon
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Neuroimagen de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas y Envejecimiento Saludable, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Lena Václavů
- Department of Radiology, C. J. Gorter MRI Center, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Michalis Kassinopoulos
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carolina Minguillon
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
- Neuroimagen de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas y Envejecimiento Saludable, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Karine Fauria
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
- Neuroimagen de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas y Envejecimiento Saludable, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego Cascales-Lahoz
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
- Servei de Neurologia, Hospital del Mar, Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Contador
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
- Servei de Neurologia, Hospital del Mar, Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aida Fernández-Lebrero
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
- Servei de Neurologia, Hospital del Mar, Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Irene Navalpotro
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
- Servei de Neurologia, Hospital del Mar, Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Puig-Pijoan
- Servei de Neurologia, Hospital del Mar, Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oriol Grau-Rivera
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
- Neuroimagen de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas y Envejecimiento Saludable, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Servei de Neurologia, Hospital del Mar, Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - José Luis Molinuevo
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University College London (UCL), London, UK
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Marc Suárez-Calvet
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
- Neuroimagen de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas y Envejecimiento Saludable, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Servei de Neurologia, Hospital del Mar, Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Matthias J P Van Osch
- Department of Radiology, C. J. Gorter MRI Center, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Juan Domingo Gispert
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Neuroimagen de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas y Envejecimiento Saludable, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
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14
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Cifre AB, Budnick CJ, Bick J, McGlinchey EL, Ripple CH, Wolfson AR, Alfano CA. Sleep Health among Children Adopted from Foster Care: The Moderating Effect of Parent-Child Sleep Interactions. Behav Sleep Med 2024; 22:472-487. [PMID: 38263632 DOI: 10.1080/15402002.2024.2303467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Sleep disruption is prevalent among children placed in foster care, elevating risk for a range of deleterious outcomes. Theoretically, achieving permanency via adoption may have a positive influence on children's sleep via the presence of various factors, but little is known about the sleep health of children adopted from foster care, including predictors and moderators of sleep health. METHOD The current study included 226 parents who adopted a child from foster care in the U.S. (aged 4-11 years) within the past two years and a propensity score matched sample of 379 caregivers of children currently in foster care. Both samples completed online questionnaires about their child's sleep, physical, and mental health. RESULTS Comparatively, children in foster care experienced more nightmares, night terrors, moving to someone else's' bed during the night, and worse overall sleep quality, whereas adopted children were reported to experience significantly more nighttime awakenings. In the adopted sample, a greater number of prior foster placements unexpectedly predicted lower total sleep disturbance scores, but this relationship was moderated by parent-child interactions around sleep. In general, greater parental involvement in children's sleep was associated with lower levels of child sleep disturbance. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that while specific sleep problems might remit after children in foster care achieve permanence, nighttime sleep fragmentation often persists. Parent-child interactions surrounding sleep may be pivotal in improving sleep health in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony B Cifre
- Department of Psychology University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Johanna Bick
- Department of Psychology University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Amy R Wolfson
- Department of Psychology, Loyola University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Candice A Alfano
- Department of Psychology University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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15
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Dai R, Li R, Lee S, Liu Y. Controlling false discovery rate for mediator selection in high-dimensional data. Biometrics 2024; 80:ujae064. [PMID: 39073774 DOI: 10.1093/biomtc/ujae064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
The need to select mediators from a high dimensional data source, such as neuroimaging data and genetic data, arises in much scientific research. In this work, we formulate a multiple-hypothesis testing framework for mediator selection from a high-dimensional candidate set, and propose a method, which extends the recent development in false discovery rate (FDR)-controlled variable selection with knockoff to select mediators with FDR control. We show that the proposed method and algorithm achieved finite sample FDR control. We present extensive simulation results to demonstrate the power and finite sample performance compared with the existing method. Lastly, we demonstrate the method for analyzing the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study, in which the proposed method selects several resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging connectivity markers as mediators for the relationship between adverse childhood events and the crystallized composite score in the NIH toolbox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Dai
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, United States
| | - Ruiyang Li
- Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University, New York , NY 10032, United States
| | - Seonjoo Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, United States
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, United States
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16
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Stager LM, Watson CS, Cook EW, Fobian AD. Effect of Sleep Restriction on Adolescent Cognition by Adiposity: A Randomized Crossover Trial. JAMA Neurol 2024; 81:712-721. [PMID: 38767872 PMCID: PMC11106714 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2024.1332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Importance Pediatric obesity is associated with impaired cognitive function; however, the mechanisms underlying this association demand assessment. Sleep may be a relevant moderator, as poor sleep predicts both increased adiposity and impaired cognitive function. Objective To determine the effects of adiposity and sleep on adolescent cognitive function. Design, Setting, and Participants This single-blind randomized crossover trial was conducted from September 2020 to October 2022. Parents or caregivers provided demographic information for adolescent participants. Body mass index percentile and bioelectrical impedance analysis assessed adiposity. Adolescents completed 2 actigraphy-confirmed sleep conditions, adequate and restricted, followed by in-person cognitive assessment. No additional follow-up was provided. Data collection for this population-based study took place in a behavioral medicine clinic in Birmingham, Alabama. A total of 323 participants were assessed for eligibility (ages 14-19 years and healthy). Of the 244 eligible adolescents, 157 declined participation. Eighty-seven were randomized and 26 dropped out postenrollment. The final sample included 61 adolescents, 31 with healthy weight and 30 with overweight or obesity. Data were analyzed from April to October 2023. Interventions Following a 2-day washout period of adequate sleep, adolescents completed 2 sleep conditions: adequate (mean [SD] duration, 8 hours, 54 minutes [58.0 minutes]) and restricted (mean [SD] duration, 4 hours, 12 minutes [50.7 minutes]). Main Outcomes and Measures The National Institutes of Health Cognitive Toolbox assessed global and fluid cognition, cognitive flexibility, working and episodic memory, attention, and processing speed. The Stroop Task assessed inhibition. Results The final sample included 61 adolescents (mean [SD] age, 16.3 [1.6] years; 35 [57.4%] female). Restricted sleep predicted poorer global cognition scores (restricted mean [SD], 98.0 [2.8]; adequate mean [SD], 103.2 [2.9]), fluid cognition scores (restricted mean [SD], 94.5 [3.2]; adequate mean [SD], 102.0 [3.6]), and cognitive flexibility scores (restricted mean [SD], 84.8 [3.0]; adequate mean [SD], 92.8 [3.0]) for adolescents with overweight or obesity. No differences emerged for adolescents with healthy weight. Adolescents with overweight or obesity also had poorer attention scores (mean [SD], 80.0 [2.3]) compared to adolescents with healthy weight (mean [SD], 88.4 [SD, 2.3]) following restricted sleep. No differences emerged following adequate sleep. Findings were similar for total body fat percentage (TBF%); however, for adolescents with TBF% above 42, restricted sleep also predicted poorer processing speed, and the association between sleep and attention did not vary based on TBF%. Conclusions and Relevance Adolescents with overweight or obesity may be more vulnerable to negative cognitive effects following sleep restriction. Improved sleep hygiene and duration in this group may positively impact their cognitive health. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04346433.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Edwin W. Cook
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Aaron D. Fobian
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham
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Ramduny J, Uddin LQ, Vanderwal T, Feczko E, Fair DA, Kelly C, Baskin-Sommers A. Increasing the representation of minoritized youth for inclusive and reproducible brain-behavior associations. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.22.600221. [PMID: 38979302 PMCID: PMC11230295 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.22.600221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Population neuroscience datasets allow researchers to estimate reliable effect sizes for brain-behavior associations because of their large sample sizes. However, these datasets undergo strict quality control to mitigate sources of noise, such as head motion. This practice often excludes a disproportionate number of minoritized individuals. We employ motion-ordering and motion-ordering+resampling (bagging) to test if these methods preserve functional MRI (fMRI) data in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study ( N = 5,733 ). Black and Hispanic youth exhibited excess head motion relative to data collected from White youth, and were discarded disproportionately when using conventional approaches. Both methods retained more than 99% of Black and Hispanic youth. They produced reproducible brain-behavior associations across low-/high-motion racial/ethnic groups based on motion-limited fMRI data. The motion-ordering and bagging methods are two feasible approaches that can enhance sample representation for testing brain-behavior associations and fulfill the promise of consortia datasets to produce generalizable effect sizes across diverse populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jivesh Ramduny
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Lucina Q. Uddin
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tamara Vanderwal
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Eric Feczko
- Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Damien A. Fair
- Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Clare Kelly
- School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Arielle Baskin-Sommers
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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18
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Guo K, Huang J, Chen X, He L. Regional brain structure mediates the association between sleep quality and intellectual abilities: the moderating role of socioeconomic status. Brain Struct Funct 2024:10.1007/s00429-024-02817-0. [PMID: 38914894 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-024-02817-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
This study aims to reveal the association between sleep quality and crystallized intelligence (Gc), fluid intelligence (Gf), and the underlying brain structural basis. Using the data from the Human Connectome Project (N = 1087), we performed mediation analysis to explore whether regional brain structure related to sleep quality mediate the association between sleep quality and intellectual abilities, and further examined whether socioeconomic status (i.e., income and education level) moderate the mediation effect. Results showed that poorer sleep quality was associated with lower Gc rather than Gf, and worse sleep quality was associated with smaller volume and surface area in temporal lobe, including inferior temporal gyrus and middle temporal gyrus. Notably, temporal lobe structures mediated the association between sleep quality and Gc rather than Gf. Furthermore, socioeconomic status (i.e., income and education level) moderated the mediating effect, showing low socioeconomic status has a more significant mediating effect with stronger association between sleep quality and Gc as well as stronger association between temporal lobe structure and Gc in low socioeconomic status group. These findings suggest that individuals with higher socioeconomic status are less susceptible to the effect of sleep quality on Gc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaifeng Guo
- School of Educational Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Junfei Huang
- School of Educational Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoyi Chen
- School of Educational Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Li He
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
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19
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Dakopolos A, Condy E, Smith E, Harvey D, Kaat AJ, Coleman J, Riley K, Berry-Kravis E, Hessl D. Developmental associations between cognition and adaptive behavior in intellectual and developmental disability. J Neurodev Disord 2024; 16:31. [PMID: 38872099 PMCID: PMC11177479 DOI: 10.1186/s11689-024-09542-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDDs) are associated with both cognitive challenges and difficulties in conceptual, social, and practical areas of living, commonly referred to as adaptive behavior (DSM-5). Although cross-sectional associations between intelligence or cognition and adaptive behavior have been reported in IDD populations, no study to date has examined whether developmental changes in cognition contribute to or track with changes in adaptive behavior. The present study sought to examine associations of longitudinal developmental change in domains of cognition (NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery, NIHTB-CB) and adaptive behavior domains (Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales-3; VABS-3) including Socialization, Communication, and Daily Living Skills (DLS) over a two year period in a large sample of children, adolescents and young adults with IDD. METHODS Three groups were recruited, including those with fragile X syndrome, Down syndrome, and other/idiopathic intellectual disability. Eligible participants (n = 263) included those who were between 6 and 26 years (mage = 15.52, sd = 5.17) at Visit 1, and who had a diagnosis of, or suspected intellectual disability (ID), including borderline ID, with a mental age of at least 3.0 years. Participants were given cognitive and adaptive behavior assessments at two time points over a two year period (m = 2.45 years, range = 1.27 to 5.56 years). In order to examine the association of developmental change between cognitive and adaptive behavior domains, bivariate latent change score (BLCS) models were fit to compare change in the three cognitive domains measured by the NIHTB-CB (Fluid Cognition, Crystallized Cognition, Total Cognition) and the three adaptive behavior domains measured by the VABS-3 (Communication, DLS, and Socialization). RESULTS Over a two year period, change in cognition (both Crystallized and Total Composites) was significantly and positively associated with change in daily living skills. Also, baseline cognition level predicted growth in adaptive behavior, however baseline adaptive behavior did not predict growth in cognition in any model. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrated that developmental changes in cognition and adaptive behavior are associated in children and young adults with IDD, indicating the potential for cross-domain effects of intervention. Notably, improvements in DLS emerged as a primary area of adaptive behavior that positively related to improvements in cognition. This work provides evidence for the clinical, "real life" meaningfulness of changes in cognition detected by the NIHTB-CB in IDD, and provides empirical support for the NIHTB-CB as a fit-for-purpose performance-based outcome measure for this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Dakopolos
- UC Davis MIND Institute and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 2825 50th Street, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Emma Condy
- Hofstra University, 1000 Hempstead Tpke, Hempstead, NY, 11549, USA
| | - Elizabeth Smith
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave., Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Danielle Harvey
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health Sciences, UC Davis, Medical Sciences 1C, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Aaron J Kaat
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 625 N. Michigan Ave Suite 2700, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Jeanine Coleman
- Regis University, 3333 Regis Boulevard, Denver, CO, 80221, USA
| | - Karen Riley
- Slippery Rock University of Pennsylvania, 104 Maltby Ave, Slippery Rock, PA, 16057, USA
| | | | - David Hessl
- UC Davis MIND Institute and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 2825 50th Street, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.
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20
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Kavanaugh BC, Legere C, Vigne M, Holler K, Spirito A. The Tower of London task in children and adolescents with neuropsychiatric disorders. Child Neuropsychol 2024:1-16. [PMID: 38829302 DOI: 10.1080/09297049.2024.2360224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
The Tower of London, Drexel Version, Second Edition (TOL-DX) is purported to measure multiple aspects of executive functions, although it also possesses inherent non-executive demands. Such complexity makes it useful in detecting impairment but difficult in interpreting the neurocognitive cause of impairment, particularly in children. This study investigated the developmental, neurocognitive, and symptom correlates of the TOL-DX in children and adolescents with neuropsychiatric disorders. Two-hundred and thirty-three children and adolescents (7-21 years old) completed the TOL-DX during a neuropsychological evaluation as part of clinical care within a children's psychiatric hospital. Pearson correlation, regression models, and receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analyses examined the association among variables. Visuospatial and executive functions (EF) were most consistently related to total moves, execution time, and violations. TOL-DX variables were associated with attention in younger participants and EF in older participants. No TOL-DX scores were related to parent-reported symptoms. The TOL-DX possesses inherent visuospatial and attention/executive demands in children and adolescents which are difficult to differentiate, differ by age group, and not associated to clinical symptoms. Taken together, the TOL-DX is complex to interpret, but psychometrically sound and sensitive to neurocognitive impairment in children and adolescents with transdiagnostic neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian C Kavanaugh
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Emma Pendleton Bradley Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Christopher Legere
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Emma Pendleton Bradley Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Megan Vigne
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Butler Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Karen Holler
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Emma Pendleton Bradley Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Anthony Spirito
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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Huang C, Li A, Pang Y, Yang J, Zhang J, Wu X, Mei L. How the intrinsic functional connectivity patterns of the semantic network support semantic processing. Brain Imaging Behav 2024; 18:539-554. [PMID: 38261218 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-024-00849-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Semantic processing, a core of language comprehension, involves the activation of brain regions dispersed extensively across the frontal, temporal, and parietal cortices that compose the semantic network. To comprehend the functional structure of this semantic network and how it prepares for semantic processing, we investigated its intrinsic functional connectivity (FC) and the relation between this pattern and semantic processing ability in a large sample from the Human Connectome Project (HCP) dataset. We first defined a well-studied brain network for semantic processing, and then we characterized the within-network connectivity (WNC) and the between-network connectivity (BNC) within this network using a voxel-based global brain connectivity (GBC) method based on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The results showed that 97.73% of the voxels in the semantic network displayed considerably greater WNC than BNC, demonstrating that the semantic network is a fairly encapsulated network. Moreover, multiple connector hubs in the semantic network were identified after applying the criterion of WNC > 1 SD above the mean WNC of the semantic network. More importantly, three of these connector hubs (i.e., the left anterior temporal lobe, angular gyrus, and orbital part of the inferior frontal gyrus) were reliably associated with semantic processing ability. Our findings suggest that the three identified regions use WNC as the central mechanism for supporting semantic processing and that task-independent spontaneous connectivity in the semantic network is essential for semantic processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengmei Huang
- Philosophy and Social Science Laboratory of Reading and Development in Children and Adolescents (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510631, China
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Aqian Li
- Philosophy and Social Science Laboratory of Reading and Development in Children and Adolescents (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510631, China
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Yingdan Pang
- Philosophy and Social Science Laboratory of Reading and Development in Children and Adolescents (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510631, China
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Jiayi Yang
- Philosophy and Social Science Laboratory of Reading and Development in Children and Adolescents (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510631, China
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Jingxian Zhang
- Philosophy and Social Science Laboratory of Reading and Development in Children and Adolescents (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510631, China
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- Philosophy and Social Science Laboratory of Reading and Development in Children and Adolescents (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510631, China
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Leilei Mei
- Philosophy and Social Science Laboratory of Reading and Development in Children and Adolescents (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510631, China.
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22
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Jacobs GR, Ameis SH, Szatmari P, Haltigan JD, Voineskos AN. Bifactor models of psychopathology using multi-informant and multi-instrument dimensional measures in the ABCD study. JCPP ADVANCES 2024; 4:e12228. [PMID: 38827988 PMCID: PMC11143956 DOI: 10.1002/jcv2.12228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Due to limitations of categorical definitions of mental illness, there is a need for quantitative empirical investigations of the dimensional structure of psychopathology. Using exploratory bifactor methods, this study investigated a comprehensive and representative structure of psychopathology in children to better understand how psychotic-like experiences (PLEs), autism spectrum disorder (ASD) symptoms, impulsivity, and sensitivity to reward and punishment, may be integrated into extant general factor models of psychopathology. Methods We used seven child-report and three parent-report instruments capturing diverse mental health symptoms in 11,185 children aged 9-10 from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive DevelopmentSM (ABCD) Study. We built on previous modeling frameworks by conducting both split sample and full sample factor analytic approaches that harnessed recent methodological advances in bifactor exploratory structural equation modeling (B-ESEM) to examine a wide range of psychopathology measures not previously integrated into a single analysis. Validity of psychopathology dimensions was examined by investigating associations with sex, age, cognition, imaging measures, and medical service usage. Results All four factor analytic models showed excellent fit and similar structure within informant. PLEs loaded most highly onto a general psychopathology factor, suggesting that they may reflect non-specific risk for mental illness. ASD symptoms loaded separately from attention/hyperactivity symptoms. Symptoms of impulsivity and sensitivity to reward and punishment loaded onto specific factors, distinct from externalizing and internalizing factors. All identified factors were associated with clinically relevant risk factors, providing preliminary evidence for their construct validity. Conclusion By integrating diverse child-report and parent-report psychopathology measures for children in the ABCD sample, we deliver data on the quantitative structure of psychopathology for an exceptionally large set of measurements and discuss implications for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace R. Jacobs
- Centre for Addiction and Mental HealthTorontoOntarioCanada
- Institute of Medical ScienceTemerty Faculty of MedicineUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Stephanie H. Ameis
- Centre for Addiction and Mental HealthTorontoOntarioCanada
- Institute of Medical ScienceTemerty Faculty of MedicineUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
- Department of PsychiatryTemerty Faculty of MedicineUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
- The Hospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Peter Szatmari
- Centre for Addiction and Mental HealthTorontoOntarioCanada
- Department of PsychiatryTemerty Faculty of MedicineUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
- The Hospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - John D. Haltigan
- Centre for Addiction and Mental HealthTorontoOntarioCanada
- The Hospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Aristotle N. Voineskos
- Centre for Addiction and Mental HealthTorontoOntarioCanada
- Institute of Medical ScienceTemerty Faculty of MedicineUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
- Department of PsychiatryTemerty Faculty of MedicineUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
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23
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Johnson AE, Upadhye A, Knight V, Gaskin EL, Turnbull LB, Ayuku D, Nyalumbe M, Abuonji E, John CC, McHenry MS, Tran TM, Ayodo G. Subclinical Inflammation in Asymptomatic Schoolchildren With Plasmodium falciparum Parasitemia Correlates With Impaired Cognition. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc 2024; 13:288-296. [PMID: 38512283 DOI: 10.1093/jpids/piae025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subclinical inflammation and cognitive deficits have been separately associated with asymptomatic Plasmodium falciparum infections in schoolchildren. However, whether parasite-induced inflammation is associated with worse cognition has not been addressed. We conducted a cross-sectional pilot study to better assess the effect of asymptomatic P. falciparum parasitemia and inflammation on cognition in Kenyan schoolchildren. METHODS We enrolled 240 children aged 7-14 years residing in high malaria transmission in Western Kenya. Children performed five fluid cognition tests from a culturally adapted NIH toolbox and provided blood samples for blood smears and laboratory testing. Parasite densities and plasma concentrations of 14 cytokines were determined by quantitative PCR and multiplex immunoassay, respectively. Linear regression models were used to determine the effects of parasitemia and plasma cytokine concentrations on each of the cognitive scores as well as a composite cognitive score while controlling for age, gender, maternal education, and an interaction between age and P. falciparum infection status. RESULTS Plasma concentrations of TNF, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 negatively correlated with the composite score and at least one of the individual cognitive tests. Parasite density in parasitemic children negatively correlated with the composite score and measures of cognitive flexibility and attention. In the adjusted model, parasite density and TNF, but not P. falciparum infection status, independently predicted lower cognitive composite scores. By mediation analysis, TNF significantly mediated ~29% of the negative effect of parasitemia on cognition. CONCLUSIONS Among schoolchildren with PCR-confirmed asymptomatic P. falciparum infections, the negative effect of parasitemia on cognition could be mediated, in part, by subclinical inflammation. Additional studies are needed to validate our findings in settings of lower malaria transmission and address potential confounders that could affect both inflammation and cognitive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander E Johnson
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Aditi Upadhye
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Veronicah Knight
- Jaramogi Oginga Odinga University of Science and Technology, Bondo, Kenya
| | - Erik L Gaskin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Lindsey B Turnbull
- Ryan White Center for Pediatric Infectious Disease and Global Health, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - David Ayuku
- Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare (AMPATH), Eldoret, Kenya
- Department of Mental Health & Behavioral Sciences, Moi University School of Medicine, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Mark Nyalumbe
- Department of Mental Health & Behavioral Sciences, Moi University School of Medicine, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Emily Abuonji
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Chandy C John
- Ryan White Center for Pediatric Infectious Disease and Global Health, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Megan S McHenry
- Ryan White Center for Pediatric Infectious Disease and Global Health, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare (AMPATH), Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Tuan M Tran
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Ryan White Center for Pediatric Infectious Disease and Global Health, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - George Ayodo
- Jaramogi Oginga Odinga University of Science and Technology, Bondo, Kenya
- Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
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24
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Sha Z, Sun KY, Jung B, Barzilay R, Moore TM, Almasy L, Forsyth JK, Prem S, Gandal MJ, Seidlitz J, Glessner JT, Alexander-Bloch AF. The copy number variant architecture of psychopathology and cognitive development in the ABCD ® study. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.05.14.24307376. [PMID: 38798629 PMCID: PMC11118651 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.14.24307376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Importance Childhood is a crucial developmental phase for mental health and cognitive function, both of which are commonly affected in patients with psychiatric disorders. This neurodevelopmental trajectory is shaped by a complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors. While common genetic variants account for a large proportion of inherited genetic risk, rare genetic variations, particularly copy number variants (CNVs), play a significant role in the genetic architecture of neurodevelopmental disorders. Despite their importance, the relevance of CNVs to child psychopathology and cognitive function in the general population remains underexplored. Objective Investigating CNV associations with dimensions of child psychopathology and cognitive functions. Design Setting and Participants ABCD® study focuses on a cohort of over 11,875 youth aged 9 to 10, recruited from 21 sites in the US, aiming to investigate the role of various factors, including brain, environment, and genetic factors, in the etiology of mental and physical health from middle childhood through early adulthood. Data analysis occurred from April 2023 to April 2024. Main Outcomes and Measures In this study, we utilized PennCNV and QuantiSNP algorithms to identify duplications and deletions larger than 50Kb across a cohort of 11,088 individuals from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development® study. CNVs meeting quality control standards were subjected to a genome-wide association scan to identify regions associated with quantitative measures of broad psychiatric symptom domains and cognitive outcomes. Additionally, a CNV risk score, reflecting the aggregated burden of genetic intolerance to inactivation and dosage sensitivity, was calculated to assess its impact on variability in overall and dimensional child psychiatric and cognitive phenotypes. Results In a final sample of 8,564 individuals (mean age=9.9 years, 4,532 males) passing quality control, we identified 4,111 individuals carrying 5,760 autosomal CNVs. Our results revealed significant associations between specific CNVs and our phenotypes of interest, psychopathology and cognitive function. For instance, a duplication at 10q26.3 was associated with overall psychopathology, and somatic complaints in particular. Additionally, deletions at 1q12.1, along with duplications at 14q11.2 and 10q26.3, were linked to overall cognitive function, with particular contributions from fluid intelligence (14q11.2), working memory (10q26.3), and reading ability (14q11.2). Moreover, individuals carrying CNVs previously associated with neurodevelopmental disorders exhibited greater impairment in social functioning and cognitive performance across multiple domains, in particular working memory. Notably, a higher deletion CNV risk score was significantly correlated with increased overall psychopathology (especially in dimensions of social functioning, thought disorder, and attention) as well as cognitive impairment across various domains. Conclusions and Relevance In summary, our findings shed light on the contributions of CNVs to interindividual variability in complex traits related to neurocognitive development and child psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Sha
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kevin Y. Sun
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Benjamin Jung
- Section on Neurobehavioral and Clinical Research, Social and Behavioral Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ran Barzilay
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tyler M. Moore
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Laura Almasy
- Lifespan Brain Institute, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Smrithi Prem
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, USA
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Michael J. Gandal
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jakob Seidlitz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joseph T. Glessner
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Aaron F. Alexander-Bloch
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Attarha M, Mahncke H, Merzenich M. The Real-World Usability, Feasibility, and Performance Distributions of Deploying a Digital Toolbox of Computerized Assessments to Remotely Evaluate Brain Health: Development and Usability Study. JMIR Form Res 2024; 8:e53623. [PMID: 38739916 PMCID: PMC11130778 DOI: 10.2196/53623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An ongoing global challenge is managing brain health and understanding how performance changes across the lifespan. OBJECTIVE We developed and deployed a set of self-administrable, computerized assessments designed to measure key indexes of brain health across the visual and auditory sensory modalities. In this pilot study, we evaluated the usability, feasibility, and performance distributions of the assessments in a home-based, real-world setting without supervision. METHODS Potential participants were untrained users who self-registered on an existing brain training app called BrainHQ. Participants were contacted via a recruitment email and registered remotely to complete a demographics questionnaire and 29 unique assessments on their personal devices. We examined participant engagement, descriptive and psychometric properties of the assessments, associations between performance and self-reported demographic variables, cognitive profiles, and factor loadings. RESULTS Of the 365,782 potential participants contacted via a recruitment email, 414 (0.11%) registered, of whom 367 (88.6%) completed at least one assessment and 104 (25.1%) completed all 29 assessments. Registered participants were, on average, aged 63.6 (SD 14.8; range 13-107) years, mostly female (265/414, 64%), educated (329/414, 79.5% with a degree), and White (349/414, 84.3% White and 48/414, 11.6% people of color). A total of 72% (21/29) of the assessments showed no ceiling or floor effects or had easily modifiable score bounds to eliminate these effects. When correlating performance with self-reported demographic variables, 72% (21/29) of the assessments were sensitive to age, 72% (21/29) of the assessments were insensitive to gender, 93% (27/29) of the assessments were insensitive to race and ethnicity, and 93% (27/29) of the assessments were insensitive to education-based differences. Assessments were brief, with a mean duration of 3 (SD 1.0) minutes per task. The pattern of performance across the assessments revealed distinctive cognitive profiles and loaded onto 4 independent factors. CONCLUSIONS The assessments were both usable and feasible and warrant a full normative study. A digital toolbox of scalable and self-administrable assessments that can evaluate brain health at a glance (and longitudinally) may lead to novel future applications across clinical trials, diagnostics, and performance optimization.
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Huffhines L, Parade SH, Martin SE, Gottipaty A, Kavanaugh B, Spirito A, Boekamp JR. Early childhood trauma exposure and neurocognitive and emotional processes: Associations in young children in a partial hospital program. Dev Psychopathol 2024:1-17. [PMID: 38711378 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579424000956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Early childhood trauma has been linked to neurocognitive and emotional processing deficits in older children, yet much less is known about these associations in young children. Early childhood is an important developmental period in which to examine relations between trauma and executive functioning/emotion reactivity, given that these capacities are rapidly developing and are potential transdiagnostic factors implicated in the development of psychopathology. This cross-sectional study examined associations between cumulative trauma, interpersonal trauma, and components of executive functioning, episodic memory, and emotion reactivity, conceptualized using the RDoC framework and assessed with observational and performance-based measures, in a sample of 90 children (ages 4-7) admitted to a partial hospital program. Children who had experienced two or more categories of trauma had lower scores in episodic memory, global cognition, and inhibitory control as measured in a relational (but not computerized) task, when compared to children with less or no trauma. Interpersonal trauma was similarly associated with global cognition and relational inhibitory control. Family contextual factors did not moderate associations. Findings support examining inhibitory control in both relationally significant and decontextualized paradigms in early childhood, and underscore the importance of investigating multiple neurocognitive and emotional processes simultaneously to identify potential targets for early intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay Huffhines
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Bradley/Hasbro Children's Research Center, E. P Bradley Hospital, Riverside, RI, USA
| | - Stephanie H Parade
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Bradley/Hasbro Children's Research Center, E. P Bradley Hospital, Riverside, RI, USA
| | - Sarah E Martin
- Department of Psychology, Simmons University, Boston, MA, USA
- Emma Pendleton Bradley Hospital, Riverside, RI, USA
| | - Anjali Gottipaty
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Emma Pendleton Bradley Hospital, Riverside, RI, USA
| | - Brian Kavanaugh
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Emma Pendleton Bradley Hospital, Riverside, RI, USA
| | - Anthony Spirito
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - John R Boekamp
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Emma Pendleton Bradley Hospital, Riverside, RI, USA
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Vrantsidis DM, Klebanoff MA, Yeates KO, Murnan A, Fried P, Boone KM, Rausch J, Keim SA. Associations of prenatal stress with 5-year-old children's executive function in a low socioeconomic status population. Dev Psychopathol 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38706341 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579424000890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Prenatal stress has a significant, but small, negative effect on children's executive function (EF) in middle and high socioeconomic status (SES) households. Importantly, rates and severity of prenatal stress are higher and protective factors are reduced in lower SES households, suggesting prenatal stress may be particularly detrimental for children's EF in this population. This study examined whether prenatal stress was linked to 5-year-old's EF in a predominantly low SES sample and child sex moderated this association, as males may be more vulnerable to adverse prenatal experiences. Participants were 132 mother-child dyads drawn from a prospective prenatal cohort. Mothers reported on their depression symptoms, trait anxiety, perceived stress, everyday discrimination, and sleep quality at enrollment and once each trimester, to form a composite prenatal stress measure. Children's EF was assessed at age 5 years using the parent-report Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function - Preschool (BRIEF-P) Global Executive Composite subscale and neuropsychological tasks completed by the children. Mixed models revealed higher prenatal stress was associated with lower BRIEF-P scores, indicating better EF, for females only. Higher prenatal stress was associated with lower performance on neuropsychological EF measures for both males and females. Results add to the limited evidence about prenatal stress effects on children's EF in low SES households.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark A Klebanoff
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
- Center for Perinatal Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
- Division of Epidemiology, The Ohio State University College of Public Health, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Keith Owen Yeates
- Department of Psychology, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Aaron Murnan
- College of Nursing, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Peter Fried
- Department of Psychology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Kelly M Boone
- Center for Biobehavioral Health, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Joseph Rausch
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
- Center for Perinatal Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Sarah A Keim
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
- Division of Epidemiology, The Ohio State University College of Public Health, Columbus, OH, USA
- Center for Biobehavioral Health, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
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Fonseca LM, Kanapka L, Miller K, Pratley R, Rickels MR, Rizvi S, Kudva YC, Weinstock RS, Chaytor NS. Risk factors associated with cognitive performance and cognitive impairment in older adults with type 1 diabetes: Data from the Wireless Innovation for Seniors with Diabetes Mellitus (WISDM) study. J Diabetes Complications 2024; 38:108739. [PMID: 38564971 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2024.108739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D) are considered at increased risk for cognitive impairment and accelerated brain aging. However, longitudinal data on cognitive impairment and dementia in this population are scarce. OBJECTIVE To identify risk factors associated with cognitive performance and cognitive impairment in a longitudinal sample of older adults with T1D. METHODS We analyzed data collected as part of the Wireless Innovation for Seniors with Diabetes Mellitus (WISDM) Study, in which 22 endocrinology practices participated. Randomized participants with T1D ≥60 years of age who completed at least one cognitive assessment were included in this study (n = 203). Cognitive impairment was classified using published recommendations. RESULTS Older age, male sex, non-private health insurance, worse daily functioning, diagnosis of neuropathy, and longer duration of diabetes were associated with worse cognitive performance, but not cognitive impairment. 49 % and 39 % of the sample met criteria for cognitive impairment at baseline and 52 weeks respectively. Of the participants that had data at both time points, 10 % were normal at baseline and impaired at 52 weeks and 22 % of participants (44 % of those classified with cognitive impairment at baseline) reverted to normal over 52 weeks. CONCLUSION This study indicated that several demographic and clinical characteristics are associated with worse cognitive performance in older adults with T1D, but there were no associations between these characteristics and cognitive impairment defined by NIH Toolbox cognitive impairment criteria. Caution is warranted when assessing cognition in older adults with T1D, as a large percentage of those identified as having cognitive impairment at baseline reverted to normal after 52 weeks. There is need for future studies on the interrelationship of cognition and aging to better understand the effects of T1D on cognitive health, to improve clinical monitoring and help mitigate the risk of dementia in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Mascarenhas Fonseca
- Department of Community and Behavioral Health, Elson S Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, USA; Programa Terceira Idade (PROTER, Old Age Research Group), Department and Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Richard Pratley
- AdventHealth Translational Research Institute, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Michael R Rickels
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Department of Medicine and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shafaq Rizvi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Yogish C Kudva
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ruth S Weinstock
- Department of Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Naomi S Chaytor
- Department of Community and Behavioral Health, Elson S Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, USA
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Del Mauro G, Wang Z. Associations of Brain Entropy Estimated by Resting State fMRI With Physiological Indices, Body Mass Index, and Cognition. J Magn Reson Imaging 2024; 59:1697-1707. [PMID: 37578314 PMCID: PMC10864678 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.28948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, resting-state fMRI (rsfMRI)-based brain entropy (BEN) has gained increasing interest as a tool to characterize brain activity. While previous studies indicate that BEN is correlated with cognition, it remains unclear whether BEN is influenced by other factors that typically affect brain activity measured by fMRI. PURPOSE To investigate the relationship between BEN and physiological indices, including respiratory rate (RR), heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (s-BP), and body mass index (BMI), and to investigate whether and to what extent the relationship between BEN and cognition is influenced by physiological variables. STUDY TYPE Retrospective. SUBJECTS One thousand two hundred six healthy subjects (mean age: 28.83 ± 3.69 years; 550 male) with rsfMRI datasets selected from the Human Connectome Project (HCP). FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE Multiband echo planar imaging (EPI) sequence at 3.0 Tesla. ASSESSMENT Neurocognitive, physical health (RR, HR, s-BP, BMI), and rsfMRI data were retrieved from the HCP datasets. Neurocognition was measured through the total cognition composite (TCC) score provided by HCP. BEN maps were calculated from rsfMRI data. STATISTICAL TESTS Multiple regression models, pheight-family wise error (FWE) < 0.05 and pcluster-FWE < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS BEN was negatively associated with RR (T-thresholds ranging from 4.75 to 4.8; r-threshold = |0.15|) and positively associated with s-BP and BMI (T-thresholds ranging from 4.75 to 4.8; r-threshold = |0.15|) in areas overlapping with the default mode network. After controlling the physiological effects, BEN still showed regional associations with TCC, including negative associations (T-thresholds = 3.09; r-threshold = |0.1|) in the fronto-parietal cortex and positive associations (T-thresholds = 3.09; r-threshold = |0.1|) in the sensorimotor system (motor network and the limbic system). DATA CONCLUSIONS RR negatively affects rsfMRI-derived BEN, while s-BP and BMI positively affect BEN. The positive associations between BEN and cognition in the motor network and the limbic system might indicate a facilitation of information processing in the sensorimotor system. EVIDENCE LEVEL 3 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianpaolo Del Mauro
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ze Wang
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Zhi D, Jiang R, Pearlson G, Fu Z, Qi S, Yan W, Feng A, Xu M, Calhoun V, Sui J. Triple Interactions Between the Environment, Brain, and Behavior in Children: An ABCD Study. Biol Psychiatry 2024; 95:828-838. [PMID: 38151182 PMCID: PMC11006588 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Environmental exposures play a crucial role in shaping children's behavioral development. However, the mechanisms by which these exposures interact with brain functional connectivity and influence behavior remain unexplored. METHODS We investigated the comprehensive environment-brain-behavior triple interactions through rigorous association, prediction, and mediation analyses, while adjusting for multiple confounders. Particularly, we examined the predictive power of brain functional network connectivity (FNC) and 41 environmental exposures for 23 behaviors related to cognitive ability and mental health in 7655 children selected from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study at both baseline and follow-up. RESULTS FNC demonstrated more predictability for cognitive abilities than for mental health, with cross-validation from the UK Biobank study (N = 20,852), highlighting the importance of thalamus and hippocampus in longitudinal prediction, while FNC+environment demonstrated more predictive power than FNC in both cross-sectional and longitudinal prediction of all behaviors, especially for mental health (r = 0.32-0.63). We found that family and neighborhood exposures were common critical environmental influencers on cognitive ability and mental health, which can be mediated by FNC significantly. Healthy perinatal development was a unique protective factor for higher cognitive ability, whereas sleep problems, family conflicts, and adverse school environments specifically increased risk of poor mental health. CONCLUSIONS This work revealed comprehensive environment-brain-behavior triple interactions based on the ABCD Study, identified cognitive control and default mode networks as the most predictive functional networks for a wide repertoire of behaviors, and underscored the long-lasting impact of critical environmental exposures on childhood development, in which sleep problems were the most prominent factors affecting mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Zhi
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Rongtao Jiang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Godfrey Pearlson
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Zening Fu
- Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, and Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Shile Qi
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China
| | - Weizheng Yan
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Lab of Neuroimaging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Aichen Feng
- Brainnetome Center and National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Xu
- Brainnetome Center and National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Vince Calhoun
- Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, and Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia.
| | - Jing Sui
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, and Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia.
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31
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Ledoux AA, Zemek R, Cairncross M, Silverberg N, Sicard V, Barrowman N, Goldfield G, Gray C, Harris AD, Jaworska N, Reed N, Saab BJ, Smith A, Walker L. Smartphone App-Delivered Mindfulness-Based Intervention for Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in Adolescents: Protocol for a Feasibility Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Res Protoc 2024; 13:e57226. [PMID: 38602770 PMCID: PMC11046387 DOI: 10.2196/57226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Concussion in children and adolescents is a significant public health concern, with 30% to 35% of patients at risk for prolonged emotional, cognitive, sleep, or physical symptoms. These symptoms negatively impact a child's quality of life while interfering with their participation in important neurodevelopmental activities such as schoolwork, socializing, and sports. Early psychological intervention following a concussion may improve the ability to regulate emotions and adapt to postinjury symptoms, resulting in the greater acceptance of change; reduced stress; and recovery of somatic, emotional, and cognitive symptoms. OBJECTIVE The primary objective of this study is to assess the feasibility of conducting a parallel-group (1:1) randomized controlled trial (RCT) to evaluate a digital therapeutics (DTx) mindfulness-based intervention (MBI) in adolescents aged 12 to <18 years. The attention-matched comparator intervention (a math game also used in previous RCTs) will be delivered on the same DTx platform. Both groups will be provided with the standard of care guidelines. The secondary objective is to examine intervention trends for quality of life; resilience; self-efficacy; cognition such as attention, working memory, and executive functioning; symptom burden; and anxiety and depression scores at 4 weeks after concussion, which will inform a more definitive RCT. A subsample will be used to examine whether those randomized to the experimental intervention group have different brain-based imaging patterns compared with those randomized to the control group. METHODS This study is a double-blind Health Canada-regulated trial. A total of 70 participants will be enrolled within 7 days of concussion and randomly assigned to receive the 4-week DTx MBI (experimental group) or comparator intervention. Feasibility will be assessed based on the recruitment rate, treatment adherence to both interventions, and retention. All outcome measures will be evaluated before the intervention (within 7 days after injury) and at 1, 2, and 4 weeks after the injury. A subset of 60 participants will undergo magnetic resonance imaging within 72 hours and at 4 weeks after recruitment to identify the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying the potential benefits from MBI training in adolescents following a concussion. RESULTS The recruitment began in October 2022, and the data collection is expected to be completed by September 2024. Data collection and management is still in progress; therefore, data analysis is yet to be conducted. CONCLUSIONS This trial will confirm the feasibility and resolve uncertainties to inform a future definitive multicenter efficacy RCT. If proven effective, a smartphone-based MBI has the potential to be an accessible and low-risk preventive treatment for youth at risk of experiencing prolonged postconcussion symptoms and complications. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05105802; https://classic.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05105802. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/57226.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrée-Anne Ledoux
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Cellular Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Roger Zemek
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Molly Cairncross
- Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Noah Silverberg
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Rehabilitation Research Program, Centre for Aging SMART, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Veronik Sicard
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Nicholas Barrowman
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Gary Goldfield
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Clare Gray
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Ashley D Harris
- Department of Radiology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Natalia Jaworska
- Department of Cellular Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Royal Ottawa Mental Health Centre, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Nick Reed
- Department of Occupational Science & Occupational Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Andra Smith
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Lisa Walker
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Matuska E, Carney A, Sepeta LN, Zelleke T, Pasupuleti A, Berl MM. Clinical Validation of Selected NIH Cognitive Toolbox Tasks in Pediatric Epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav 2024; 153:109684. [PMID: 38401414 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2024.109684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
The NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery (NIHTB-CB) is designed to assess cognitive functioning across the lifespan. We aimed to evaluate the clinical validity of two NIHTB-CB tasks as cognitive screening tools in pediatric epilepsy by comparing them to standard neuropsychological measures and their association with epilepsy characteristics. Forty-seven patients with epilepsy ages 5-18, including ten repeat evaluations, were assessed. Correlational analyses and agreement statistics were conducted to validate NIHTB-CB tasks (Flanker Inhibitory Control and Attention test (Flanker) and Pattern Comparison Processing Speed test (Pattern Comparison)) with standard clinical measures. We also examined if performance was related to epilepsy characteristics, including polytherapy, age of seizure onset, seizure type, and history of Electrical Status Epilepticus in Sleep (ESES). The NIHTB-CB tests had moderate to strong correlations with neuropsychological measures of executive functioning, processing speed, and intelligence. Agreement statistics indicated better sensitivity than specificity. Polytherapy and later age of seizure onset were associated with lower performance on Pattern Comparison. ESES patients did not significantly differ in performance on the tests compared to non-ESES patients. Pilot data from a subset of repeated measures indicated a good range of change scores. These two NIHTB tasks are feasible as a screening tool in a clinic given their correlation with clinical measures that assess executive function, processing speed, and IQ. This study supports the use of these tasks as brief, easily accessible screener tools to identify cognitive dysfunction in domains commonly impacted in patients with epilepsy and potential use for monitoring over time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Leigh N Sepeta
- Children's National Hospital, United States; National Institutes of Health, United States.
| | | | | | - Madison M Berl
- Children's National Hospital, United States; George Washington University, United States.
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Muhammad F, Hameed S, Haynes G, Mohammadi E, Khan AF, Shakir H, Smith ZA. Degenerative cervical myelopathy: establishing severity thresholds for neuromotor dysfunction in the aging spine using the NIH Toolbox Assessment Scale. GeroScience 2024; 46:2197-2206. [PMID: 37880488 PMCID: PMC10828326 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00983-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) is a leading cause of age-related non-traumatic spinal cord disorders resulting from chronic degeneration of the cervical spine. While traditional clinical assessments rely on patient-reported measures, this study used the NIH Toolbox Motor Battery (NIHTBm) as an objective, quantitative measure to determine DCM severity. The objective is to define NIHTBm cutoff values that can accurately classify the severity of DCM neuromotor dysfunction. A case-controlled pilot study of patients with DCM and age-matched controls. The focus was an in-depth quantitative motor assessment using the NIHTBm to understand the severity of neuromotor deficits due to degenerative spine disease. Motor assessments, dexterity, grip strength, balance, and gait speed were measured in 45 DCM patients and 37 age-matched healthy subjects (HC). Receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis determined cutoff values for mild and moderate-to-severe myelopathy which were validated by comparing motor assessment scores with disability scores. The ROC curves identified thresholds for mild dexterity impairment (T-score range 38.4 - 33.5, AUC 0.77), moderate-to-severe dexterity impairment (< 33.5, AUC 0.70), mild grip strength impairment (47.4 - 32.0, AUC 0.80), moderate-to-severe grip strength impairment (< 32.0, AUC 0.75), mild balance impairment (36.4 - 33.0, AUC 0.61), and moderate-to-severe balance impairment (< 33.0, AUC 0.78). Mild gait speed impairment was defined as 0.78-0.6 m/sec (AUC 0.65), while moderate-to-severe gait speed impairment was < 0.6 m/sec (AUC 0.65). The NIHTB motor score cutoff points correlated negatively with the DCM neck disability index (NDI) and showed balance and dexterity measures as independent indicators of DCM dysfunction. The use of NIHTB allows for precise delineation of DCM severity by establishing cutoff values corresponding to mild and moderate-to-severe myelopathy. The use of NIHTB in DCM allows enhanced clinical precision, enabling clinicians to better pinpoint specific motor deficits in DCM and other neurological disorders with motor deficits, including stroke and traumatic brain injury (TBI). Furthermore, the utility of objective assessment, NIHTB, allows us to gain a better understanding of the heterogeneity of DCM, which will enhance treatment strategies. This study serves as a foundation for future research to facilitate the discovery of innovative treatment strategies for DCM and other neurological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fauziyya Muhammad
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
| | - Sanaa Hameed
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Grace Haynes
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Esmaeil Mohammadi
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Ali F Khan
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Hakeem Shakir
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Zachary A Smith
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
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Allen N, Crock L, Chun T, Reinhard MJ. Investigating a clinically informed sleep disturbance threshold for physical and mental health among Gulf War Illness veterans. SLEEP ADVANCES : A JOURNAL OF THE SLEEP RESEARCH SOCIETY 2024; 5:zpae018. [PMID: 38616799 PMCID: PMC11015895 DOI: 10.1093/sleepadvances/zpae018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Study Objectives This study (1) assessed sleep quality and health in Gulf War veterans (GWV) meeting the Gulf War Illness (GWI) criteria and (2) compared health associations for both those meeting a "clinically disturbed sleep" threshold, and those below, as determined by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) cutoff for military populations (≥10) on measures of physical, mental, and cognitive health. Methods Participant data consisted of questionnaires and assessments completed prior to group assignment in a clinical trial. The sample consisted of 147 GWV, where 81.0% were males, and the median age was 53.4 years. Results The mean (SD) PSQI global score was 12.34 (4.00) with 61% of the sample qualifying as clinically disturbed sleepers according to the cutoff (global PSQI ≥ 10). GWI veterans with PSQI scores ≥10 did not differ from others in age (p = 0.20), sex (p = 0.19), or years of education (p = 0.87), but showed worse GW-related symptomology on the Gulf War Kansas questionnaire (p < 0.01), and poorer mental health on the Veterans Rand-36 (p < 0.01). Conclusions Disturbed sleep was associated with measures of pain, fatigue, and cognitive health. Our results suggest that a previously determined clinical threshold for clinically disturbed sleep is useful when examining the health status of the study population. Given that GWI is associated with elevated PSQI scores and a high frequency of disturbed sleep, cutoffs determining sleep health should be sensitive to population exposures and health history to improve interpretability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel Allen
- Department of Veterans Affairs,War Related Illness and Injury Study Center (WRIISC), Washington, DC, USA
| | - Lucas Crock
- Department of Veterans Affairs,War Related Illness and Injury Study Center (WRIISC), Washington, DC, USA
| | - Timothy Chun
- Department of Veterans Affairs,War Related Illness and Injury Study Center (WRIISC), Washington, DC, USA
| | - Matthew J Reinhard
- Department of Veterans Affairs,War Related Illness and Injury Study Center (WRIISC), Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
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Betz AK, Cetin-Karayumak S, Bonke EM, Seitz-Holland J, Zhang F, Pieper S, O'Donnell LJ, Tripodis Y, Rathi Y, Shenton ME, Koerte IK. Executive functioning, behavior, and white matter microstructure in the chronic phase after pediatric mild traumatic brain injury: results from the adolescent brain cognitive development study. Psychol Med 2024:1-11. [PMID: 38497117 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291724000229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is common in children. Long-term cognitive and behavioral outcomes as well as underlying structural brain alterations following pediatric mTBI have yet to be determined. In addition, the effect of age-at-injury on long-term outcomes is largely unknown. METHODS Children with a history of mTBI (n = 406; Mage = 10 years, SDage = 0.63 years) who participated in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study were matched (1:2 ratio) with typically developing children (TDC; n = 812) and orthopedic injury (OI) controls (n = 812). Task-based executive functioning, parent-rated executive functioning and emotion-regulation, and self-reported impulsivity were assessed cross-sectionally. Regression models were used to examine the effect of mTBI on these domains. The effect of age-at-injury was assessed by comparing children with their first mTBI at either 0-3, 4-7, or 8-10 years to the respective matched TDC controls. Fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD), both MRI-based measures of white matter microstructure, were compared between children with mTBI and controls. RESULTS Children with a history of mTBI displayed higher parent-rated executive dysfunction, higher impulsivity, and poorer self-regulation compared to both control groups. At closer investigation, these differences to TDC were only present in one respective age-at-injury group. No alterations were found in task-based executive functioning or white matter microstructure. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that everyday executive function, impulsivity, and emotion-regulation are affected years after pediatric mTBI. Outcomes were specific to the age at which the injury occurred, suggesting that functioning is differently affected by pediatric mTBI during vulnerable periods. Groups did not differ in white matter microstructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja K Betz
- cBRAIN, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Suheyla Cetin-Karayumak
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elena M Bonke
- cBRAIN, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
- Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Johanna Seitz-Holland
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Lauren J O'Donnell
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yorghos Tripodis
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yogesh Rathi
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Martha E Shenton
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Inga K Koerte
- cBRAIN, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Jensen DEA, Ebmeier KP, Suri S, Rushworth MFS, Klein-Flügge MC. Nuclei-specific hypothalamus networks predict a dimensional marker of stress in humans. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2426. [PMID: 38499548 PMCID: PMC10948785 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46275-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The hypothalamus is part of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis which activates stress responses through release of cortisol. It is a small but heterogeneous structure comprising multiple nuclei. In vivo human neuroimaging has rarely succeeded in recording signals from individual hypothalamus nuclei. Here we use human resting-state fMRI (n = 498) with high spatial resolution to examine relationships between the functional connectivity of specific hypothalamic nuclei and a dimensional marker of prolonged stress. First, we demonstrate that we can parcellate the human hypothalamus into seven nuclei in vivo. Using the functional connectivity between these nuclei and other subcortical structures including the amygdala, we significantly predict stress scores out-of-sample. Predictions use 0.0015% of all possible brain edges, are specific to stress, and improve when using nucleus-specific compared to whole-hypothalamus connectivity. Thus, stress relates to connectivity changes in precise and functionally meaningful subcortical networks, which may be exploited in future studies using interventions in stress disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria E A Jensen
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Tinsley Building, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN), Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain (FMRIB, University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Level 6, West Wing, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Warneford Lane, Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK.
- Clinic of Cognitive Neurology, University Medical Center Leipzig and Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Stephanstrasse 1a, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Klaus P Ebmeier
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Warneford Lane, Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK
| | - Sana Suri
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Warneford Lane, Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN), Oxford Centre for Human Brain Activity (OHBA), University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Warneford Lane, Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK
| | - Matthew F S Rushworth
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Tinsley Building, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN), Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain (FMRIB, University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Level 6, West Wing, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Miriam C Klein-Flügge
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Tinsley Building, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN), Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain (FMRIB, University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Level 6, West Wing, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Warneford Lane, Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK.
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DeRosa J, Friedman NP, Calhoun V, Banich MT. Neurodevelopmental Subtypes of Functional Brain Organization in the ABCD Study Using a Rigorous Analytic Framework. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.16.585343. [PMID: 38559171 PMCID: PMC10979961 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.16.585343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The current study demonstrates that an individual's resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) is a dependable biomarker for identifying differential patterns of cognitive and emotional functioning during late childhood. Using baseline RSFC data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study, which includes children aged 9-11, we identified four distinct RSFC subtypes We introduce an integrated methodological pipeline for testing the reliability and importance of these subtypes. In the Identification phase, Leiden Community Detection defined RSFC subtypes, with their reproducibility confirmed through a split-sample technique in the Validation stage. The Evaluation phase showed that distinct cognitive and mental health profiles are associated with each subtype, with the Predictive phase indicating that subtypes better predict various cognitive and mental health characteristics than individual RSFC connections. The Replication stage employed bootstrapping and down-sampling methods to substantiate the reproducibility of these subtypes further. This work allows future explorations of developmental trajectories of these RSFC subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob DeRosa
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder
- Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Colorado Boulder
| | - Naomi P. Friedman
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder
| | - Vince Calhoun
- Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science, (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University
| | - Marie T. Banich
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder
- Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Colorado Boulder
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Daniel E, Deng F, Patel SK, Sedrak MS, Young J, Kim H, Razavi M, Sun CL, Root JC, Ahles TA, Dale W, Chen BT. Effect of chemotherapy on hippocampal volume and shape in older long-term breast cancer survivors. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 16:1347721. [PMID: 38524113 PMCID: PMC10957749 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1347721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose The objective of this study was to assess changes in hippocampal volume and shape in older long-term breast cancer survivors who were exposed to chemotherapy 5-15 years prior. Methods This study recruited female long-term breast cancer survivors aged 65 years or older with a history of chemotherapy (C+), age-matched breast cancer survivors who did not receive chemotherapy (C-), and healthy controls (HC). The participants were recruited 5-15 years after chemotherapy at time point 1 (TP1) and were followed up for 2 years at time point 2 (TP2). Assessments included hippocampal volume and shape from brain MRI scans and neuropsychological (NP) tests. Results At TP1, each of the three groups was comprised of 20 participants. The C+ group exhibited a hippocampal volume loss estimated in proportion with total intracranial volume (ICV) in both the left and right hemispheres from TP1 to TP2. Regarding the hippocampal shape at TP1, the C+ group displayed inward changes compared to the control groups. Within the C+ group, changes in right hippocampal volume adjusted with ICV were positively correlated with crystalized composite scores (R = 0.450, p = 0.044). Additionally, in C+ groups, chronological age was negatively correlated with right hippocampal volume adjusted with ICV (R = -0.585, p = 0.007). Conclusion The observed hippocampal volume reduction and inward shape deformation within the C+ group may serve as neural basis for cognitive changes in older long-term breast cancer survivors with history of chemotherapy treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebenezer Daniel
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Frank Deng
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Sunita K. Patel
- Department of Population Science, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Mina S. Sedrak
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California Los Angeles David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jonathan Young
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Heeyoung Kim
- Center for Cancer and Aging, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Marianne Razavi
- Department of Supportive Care Medicine, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Can-Lan Sun
- Center for Cancer and Aging, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - James C. Root
- Neurocognitive Research Laboratory, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Tim A. Ahles
- Neurocognitive Research Laboratory, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - William Dale
- Center for Cancer and Aging, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States
- Department of Supportive Care Medicine, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Bihong T. Chen
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States
- Center for Cancer and Aging, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States
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Lee LJ, Son EH, Farmer N, Gerrard C, Tuason RT, Yang L, Kohn-Godbout J, Stephens C, Nahm ES, Smith L, Risch S, Wallen GR. Nature-based virtual reality intervention to manage stress in family caregivers of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients: a two-phase pilot study protocol. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1295097. [PMID: 38516258 PMCID: PMC10954866 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1295097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Millions of family members and/or friends in the U.S. serve as unpaid caregivers for individuals with chronic conditions, such as cancer. Caregiving for someone undergoing an intense allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) is particularly demanding, with accompanying physical and psychological stress. Increased stress and stress-related symptoms could make it difficult for caregivers to fulfill their roles and could negatively impact the health status and quality of life of themselves and the recipients. Virtual reality (VR) is a promising technology increasingly used for treatment and wellness in various medical settings. There is growing evidence that studies have reported the positive effects of the VR intervention in managing and reducing stress among diverse populations in various clinical scenarios; however, no published studies have focused on family caregivers of patients with cancer. The study aims to assess the feasibility and acceptability of a four-week nature-based VR intervention and to examine the effectiveness of the VR intervention on stress in HSCT caregivers. This study comprises two phases. Phase I of the study will be a single-arm pre-post design focused on assessing the feasibility and acceptability of the VR intervention. Phase II of the study will be a prospective randomized controlled group design to examine the effectiveness of the VR intervention on perceived stress. Adults (≥ 18 years) who serve as primary caregivers for a person who will undergo an allogeneic HSCT will be recruited. Fifteen participants will be enrolled for Phase I and 94 participants for Phase II (Active VR arm N=47; Sham VR arm N=47). The nature-based immersive VR program contains 360° high-definition videos of nature scenes along with nature sounds through a head-mounted display (HMD) for 20 minutes every day for four weeks. Primary outcome is perceived stress measured by the Perceived Stress Scale. Secondary/exploratory outcomes are stress-related symptoms (e.g., fatigue, sleep disturbance) and physiological biomarkers (e.g., cortisol, alpha-amylase). The importance and innovativeness of this study consist of using a first-of-its-kind, immersive VR technology to target stress and investigating the health outcomes assessed by validated objective biomarkers as well as self-report measures of the nature-based intervention in the caregiver population. Clinical trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT05909202.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena J. Lee
- National Institutes of Health, Clinical Center, Translational Biobehavioral and Health Disparities (TBHD), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Elisa H. Son
- National Institutes of Health, Clinical Center, Translational Biobehavioral and Health Disparities (TBHD), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Nicole Farmer
- National Institutes of Health, Clinical Center, Translational Biobehavioral and Health Disparities (TBHD), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Chantal Gerrard
- National Institutes of Health, Clinical Center, Translational Biobehavioral and Health Disparities (TBHD), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Ralph Thadeus Tuason
- National Institutes of Health, Clinical Center, Translational Biobehavioral and Health Disparities (TBHD), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Li Yang
- National Institutes of Health, Clinical Center, Translational Biobehavioral and Health Disparities (TBHD), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Julie Kohn-Godbout
- National Institutes of Health, Clinical Center, Translational Biobehavioral and Health Disparities (TBHD), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Cory Stephens
- University of Maryland Baltimore, School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Eun-Shim Nahm
- University of Maryland Baltimore, School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Leslie Smith
- National Institutes of Health, Clinical Center, Nursing Department, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Steve Risch
- National Institutes of Health, Clinical Center, Nursing Department, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Gwenyth R. Wallen
- National Institutes of Health, Clinical Center, Translational Biobehavioral and Health Disparities (TBHD), Bethesda, MD, United States
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Moussa-Tooks AB, Beermann A, Manzanarez Felix K, Coleman M, Bouix S, Holt D, Lewandowski KE, Öngür D, Breier A, Shenton ME, Heckers S, Walther S, Brady RO, Ward HB. Isolation of Distinct Networks Driving Action and Cognition in Psychomotor Processes. Biol Psychiatry 2024:S0006-3223(24)01133-8. [PMID: 38452884 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2024.02.1013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychomotor disturbances are observed across psychiatric disorders and often manifest as psychomotor slowing, agitation, disorganized behavior, or catatonia. Psychomotor function includes both cognitive and motor components, but the neural circuits driving these subprocesses and how they relate to symptoms have remained elusive for centuries. METHODS We analyzed data from the HCP-EP (Human Connectome Project for Early Psychosis), a multisite study of 125 participants with early psychosis and 58 healthy participants with resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging and clinical characterization. Psychomotor function was assessed using the 9-hole pegboard task, a timed motor task that engages mechanical and psychomotor components of action, and tasks assessing processing speed and task switching. We used multivariate pattern analysis of whole-connectome data to identify brain correlates of psychomotor function. RESULTS We identified discrete brain circuits driving the cognitive and motor components of psychomotor function. In our combined sample of participants with psychosis (n = 89) and healthy control participants (n = 52), the strongest correlates of psychomotor function (pegboard performance) (p < .005) were between a midline cerebellar region and left frontal region and presupplementary motor area. Psychomotor function was correlated with both cerebellar-frontal connectivity (r = 0.33) and cerebellar-presupplementary motor area connectivity (r = 0.27). However, the cognitive component of psychomotor performance (task switching) was correlated only with cerebellar-frontal connectivity (r = 0.19), whereas the motor component (processing speed) was correlated only with cerebellar-presupplementary motor area connectivity (r = 0.15), suggesting distinct circuits driving unique subprocesses of psychomotor function. CONCLUSIONS We identified cerebellar-cortical circuits that drive distinct subprocesses of psychomotor function. Future studies should probe relationships between cerebellar connectivity and psychomotor performance using neuromodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra B Moussa-Tooks
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences and Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana
| | - Adam Beermann
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Michael Coleman
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Psychiatry, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sylvain Bouix
- Department of Software Engineering and Information Technology, École de technologie supérieure, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Daphne Holt
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kathryn E Lewandowski
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts
| | - Dost Öngür
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts
| | - Alan Breier
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Martha E Shenton
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Psychiatry, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School and Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Stephan Heckers
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Sebastian Walther
- University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Roscoe O Brady
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts
| | - Heather Burrell Ward
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.
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Won J, Callow DD, Purcell JJ, Smith JC. Hippocampal functional connectivity mediates the association between cardiorespiratory fitness and cognitive function in healthy young adults. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2024; 30:199-208. [PMID: 37646336 DOI: 10.1017/s1355617723000498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Higher cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) induces neuroprotective effects in the hippocampus, a key brain region for memory and learning. We investigated the association between CRF and functional connectivity (FC) of the hippocampus in healthy young adults. We also examined the association between hippocampal FC and neurocognitive function. Lastly, we tested whether hippocampal FC mediates the association between 2-Min Walk Test (2MWT) and neurocognitive function. METHODS 913 young adults (28.7 ± 3.7 years) from the Human Connectome Project were included in the analyses. The 2MWT performance result was used as a proxy for cardiovascular endurance. Fluid and crystalized composite neurocognitive scores were used to assess cognition. Resting-state functional MRI data were processed to measure hippocampal FC. Linear regression was used to examine the association between 2MWT, hippocampal FC, and neurocognitive outcomes after controlling for age, sex, years of education, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, and gait speed. RESULTS Better 2MWT performance was associated with greater FC between the anterior hippocampus and right posterior cingulate and left middle temporal gyrus. No associations between 2MWT and posterior hippocampal FC, whole hippocampal FC, and caudate FC (control region) were observed. Greater anterior hippocampal FC was associated with better crystalized cognition scores. Lastly, greater FC between the anterior hippocampus and right posterior cingulate mediated the association between better 2MWT scores and higher crystalized cognition scores. CONCLUSIONS Anterior hippocampal FC may be one underlying neurophysiological mechanism that promotes the association between 2MWT performance and crystalized composite cognitive function in healthy young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyeon Won
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Daniel D Callow
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Program in Neuroscience and Cognitive Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Jeremy J Purcell
- Program in Neuroscience and Cognitive Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - J Carson Smith
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Program in Neuroscience and Cognitive Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
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Abramowitz JC, Goupell MJ, Milvae KD. Cochlear-Implant Simulated Signal Degradation Exacerbates Listening Effort in Older Listeners. Ear Hear 2024; 45:441-450. [PMID: 37953469 PMCID: PMC10922081 DOI: 10.1097/aud.0000000000001440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Individuals with cochlear implants (CIs) often report that listening requires high levels of effort. Listening effort can increase with decreasing spectral resolution, which occurs when listening with a CI, and can also increase with age. What is not clear is whether these factors interact; older CI listeners potentially experience even higher listening effort with greater signal degradation than younger CI listeners. This study used pupillometry as a physiological index of listening effort to examine whether age, spectral resolution, and their interaction affect listening effort in a simulation of CI listening. DESIGN Fifteen younger normal-hearing listeners (ages 18 to 31 years) and 15 older normal-hearing listeners (ages 65 to 75 years) participated in this experiment; they had normal hearing thresholds from 0.25 to 4 kHz. Participants repeated sentences presented in quiet that were either unprocessed or vocoded, simulating CI listening. Stimuli frequency spectra were limited to below 4 kHz (to control for effects of age-related high-frequency hearing loss), and spectral resolution was decreased by decreasing the number of vocoder channels, with 32-, 16-, and 8-channel conditions. Behavioral speech recognition scores and pupil dilation were recorded during this task. In addition, cognitive measures of working memory and processing speed were obtained to examine if individual differences in these measures predicted changes in pupil dilation. RESULTS For trials where the sentence was recalled correctly, there was a significant interaction between age and spectral resolution, with significantly greater pupil dilation in the older normal-hearing listeners for the 8- and 32-channel vocoded conditions. Cognitive measures did not predict pupil dilation. CONCLUSIONS There was a significant interaction between age and spectral resolution, such that older listeners appear to exert relatively higher listening effort than younger listeners when the signal is highly degraded, with the largest effects observed in the eight-channel condition. The clinical implication is that older listeners may be at higher risk for increased listening effort with a CI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan C. Abramowitz
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742
| | - Matthew J. Goupell
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742
| | - Kristina DeRoy Milvae
- Department of Communicative Disorders and Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214
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Tyner CE, Boulton AJ, Slotkin J, Cohen ML, Weintraub S, Gershon RC, Tulsky DS. Exploring symptom clusters in mild cognitive impairment and dementia with the NIH Toolbox. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38361424 DOI: 10.1017/s1355617724000055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Symptom clustering research provides a unique opportunity for understanding complex medical conditions. The objective of this study was to apply a variable-centered analytic approach to understand how symptoms may cluster together, within and across domains of functioning in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia, to better understand these conditions and potential etiological, prevention, and intervention considerations. METHOD Cognitive, motor, sensory, emotional, and social measures from the NIH Toolbox were analyzed using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) from a dataset of 165 individuals with a research diagnosis of either amnestic MCI or dementia of the Alzheimer's type. RESULTS The six-factor EFA solution described here primarily replicated the intended structure of the NIH Toolbox with a few deviations, notably sensory and motor scores loading onto factors with measures of cognition, emotional, and social health. These findings suggest the presence of cross-domain symptom clusters in these populations. In particular, negative affect, stress, loneliness, and pain formed one unique symptom cluster that bridged the NIH Toolbox domains of physical, social, and emotional health. Olfaction and dexterity formed a second unique cluster with measures of executive functioning, working memory, episodic memory, and processing speed. A third novel cluster was detected for mobility, strength, and vision, which was considered to reflect a physical functioning factor. Somewhat unexpectedly, the hearing test included did not load strongly onto any factor. CONCLUSION This research presents a preliminary effort to detect symptom clusters in amnestic MCI and dementia using an existing dataset of outcome measures from the NIH Toolbox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Callie E Tyner
- Center for Health Assessment Research and Translation, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Aaron J Boulton
- Center for Health Assessment Research and Translation, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Jerry Slotkin
- Center for Health Assessment Research and Translation, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Matthew L Cohen
- Center for Health Assessment Research and Translation, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
- Department of Communication Sciences & Disorders, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
- Delaware Center for Cognitive Aging Research, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Sandra Weintraub
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Richard C Gershon
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - David S Tulsky
- Center for Health Assessment Research and Translation, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
- Departments of Physical Therapy and Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
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44
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Ltifi MA, Turki O, Ben-Bouzaiene G, Pagaduan JC, Okely A, Chelly MS. Exploring 24-Hour Movement Behaviors in Early Years: Findings From the SUNRISE Pilot Study in Tunisia. Pediatr Exerc Sci 2024:1-8. [PMID: 38364818 DOI: 10.1123/pes.2023-0152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The International Study of Movement Behaviors in the Early Years (SUNRISE) was conducted in Tunisia to assess the proportion of preschoolers who met the World Health Organization guidelines for physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep. The study also evaluated the feasibility of the methods for the SUNRISE study. METHODS Five kindergartens were recruited from urban and rural areas in Tunisia. Physical activity and sleep duration were assessed using a waist-worn ActiGraph. Screen time and sleep quality were assessed via an interview-administered parent questionnaire. The NIH Toolbox was used. RESULTS A total of 112 preschoolers were assessed (50 boys, age = 4.1 [0.58]). Only 18% of children met all recommendations of the World Health Organization guidelines, while 53% met the sedentary screen time (in minutes per day), and 41% met physical activity recommendation (in minutes per day). Eighty-one percent of children met the sleep duration recommendation (in minutes per day). There was good compliance with the ActiGraph protocol. CONCLUSIONS This pilot study provided important insights into the feasibility of the study and the movement behaviors of Tunisian preschool children. The results suggest there is a need to promote healthy levels of physical activity and sedentary screen time in children, which should be a priority in public health initiatives, including preschool curricula, in Tunisia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Amine Ltifi
- Research Laboratory (LR23JS01) "Sport Performance, Health and Society," Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Saîd, University of Manouba, Tunis,Tunisia
| | - Olfa Turki
- Research Laboratory (LR23JS01) "Sport Performance, Health and Society," Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Saîd, University of Manouba, Tunis,Tunisia
| | - Ghaith Ben-Bouzaiene
- Research Laboratory (LR23JS01) "Sport Performance, Health and Society," Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Saîd, University of Manouba, Tunis,Tunisia
| | | | - Anthony Okely
- School of Health and Society, University of Wollongong, Wollongong,Australia
| | - Mohamed Souhaiel Chelly
- Research Laboratory (LR23JS01) "Sport Performance, Health and Society," Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Saîd, University of Manouba, Tunis,Tunisia
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Veziris CR, Hyland MT, Kable JA, Wozniak JR, Coles CD, May PA, Kalberg WO, Sowell ER, Jones KL, Riley EP, Mattson SN. Validation of the ND-PAE Diagnosis in Children with Heavy Prenatal Alcohol Exposure. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-3922436. [PMID: 38410428 PMCID: PMC10896399 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3922436/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
This study evaluated criteria for Neurobehavioral Disorder Associated with Prenatal Alcohol Exposure (ND-PAE). Kable et al. (2022) assessed the validity of this diagnosis in a sample with low exposure to alcohol. The current study expanded this assessment to a sample with a wider age range and heavier alcohol exposure. Data were collected from participants (5-17y) with prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) and typically developing controls at six Collaborative Initiative on Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders sites using neuropsychological assessment and caregiver reports. Impairment was tested at 1SD, 1.5SD, and 2SD below the normative average and a modification of the adaptive functioning requirement was tested. Testing impairment at 1SD resulted in the highest endorsement rates in both groups. Our findings replicated the study by Kable et al. and show that current criteria captured a high rate of those with PAE and that requiring fewer adaptive functioning criteria resulted in higher sensitivity to PAE.
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46
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Young TP, Erickson JS, Hattan SL, Guzy S, Hershkowitz F, Steward MD. A Single-Blind, Randomized, Placebo Controlled Study to Evaluate the Benefits and Safety of Endourage Targeted Wellness Formula C Sublingual +Drops in People with Post-Acute Coronavirus Disease 2019 Syndrome. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res 2024; 9:282-292. [PMID: 36252151 DOI: 10.1089/can.2022.0135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) causes a wide range of symptoms, including death. As persons recover, some continue to experience symptoms described as Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome (PACS). The objectives of this study were to measure the efficacy of Formula C™, a cannabidiol (CBD)-rich, whole-flower terpene-rich preparation in managing PACS symptoms. Materials and Methods: This randomized, placebo-controlled, single-blind, open-label crossover study was conducted in 2021. Informed consent was obtained from participants, and they were randomized to two treatment groups. Group 1 (n=15) received blinded active product for 28 days, and Group 2 (n=16) received blinded placebo for 28 days (Treatment Period 1). Both groups crossed over to open-label active product for 28 days (Treatment Period 2) with a safety assessment at day 70. Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS®) scores and the Patient Global Impression of Change (PGIC) score were used to assess primary and secondary objectives. Safety assessments were also done at each visit. Results: Twenty-four participants completed study, with 8 withdrawals, none related to study product. PGIC and PROMIS scores improved across both groups at day 28. This raised questions about the placebo. A reanalysis of the placebo confirmed absence of CBD and unexpected medical concentration of terpenes. The study continued despite no longer having a true placebo. The improved scores on outcome measures were maintained across the open label treatment period. There were no safety events reported throughout the study. Discussion: For persons with PACS who are nonresponsive to conventional therapies, this study demonstrated symptom improvement for participants utilizing Formula C. In addition, the benefits seen in Group 2 suggest the possibility that non-CBD formulations rich in antioxidants, omega-3, and omega-6 fatty acids, gamma-linoleic acid, and terpenes may also have contributed to the overall improvement of the partial active group through the study. Conclusion: Given that both groups demonstrated improvement, both formulations may be contributing to these findings. Limitations include the small number of participants, the lack of a true placebo, and limited time on study products. Additional studies are warranted to explore both CBD-rich hemp products and hempseed oil as treatment options for PACS. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04828668.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas P Young
- Joel S Erickson, MD+Thomas P Young, PhD, NP, Inc., Novato, California, USA
| | - Joel S Erickson
- Joel S Erickson, MD+Thomas P Young, PhD, NP, Inc., Novato, California, USA
| | - Shannon L Hattan
- Joel S Erickson, MD+Thomas P Young, PhD, NP, Inc., Novato, California, USA
| | - Serge Guzy
- ProPharma, Inc., Hillsborough, New Jersey, USA
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47
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Ronderos J, Zuk J, Hernandez AE, Vaughn KA. Large-scale investigation of white matter structural differences in bilingual and monolingual children: An adolescent brain cognitive development data study. Hum Brain Mapp 2024; 45:e26608. [PMID: 38339899 PMCID: PMC10836175 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Emerging research has provided valuable insights into the structural characteristics of the bilingual brain from studies of bilingual adults; however, there is a dearth of evidence examining brain structural alterations in childhood associated with the bilingual experience. This study examined the associations between bilingualism and white matter organization in bilingual children compared to monolingual peers leveraging the large-scale data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study. Then, 446 bilingual children (ages 9-10) were identified from the participants in the ABCD data and rigorously matched to a group of 446 monolingual peers. Multiple regression models for selected language and cognitive control white matter pathways were used to compare white matter fractional anisotropy (FA) values between bilinguals and monolinguals, controlling for demographic and environmental factors as covariates in the models. Results revealed significantly lower FA values in bilinguals compared to monolinguals across established dorsal and ventral language network pathways bilaterally (i.e., the superior longitudinal fasciculus and inferior frontal-occipital fasciculus) and right-hemispheric pathways in areas related to cognitive control and short-term memory (i.e., cingulum and parahippocampal cingulum). In contrast to the enhanced FA values observed in adult bilinguals relative to monolinguals, our findings of lower FA in bilingual children relative to monolinguals may suggest a protracted development of white matter pathways associated with language and cognitive control resulting from dual language learning in childhood. Further, these findings underscore the need for large-scale longitudinal investigation of white matter development in bilingual children to understand neuroplasticity associated with the bilingual experience during this period of heightened language learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Ronderos
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing SciencesBoston UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Jennifer Zuk
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing SciencesBoston UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | | | - Kelly A. Vaughn
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Texas Health Sciences Center at HoustonHoustonTexasUSA
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Roy E, Richie-Halford A, Kruper J, Narayan M, Bloom D, Nedelec P, Rauschecker AM, Sugrue LP, Brown TT, Jernigan TL, McCandliss BD, Rokem A, Yeatman JD. White matter and literacy: A dynamic system in flux. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2024; 65:101341. [PMID: 38219709 PMCID: PMC10825614 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2024.101341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Cross-sectional studies have linked differences in white matter tissue properties to reading skills. However, past studies have reported a range of, sometimes conflicting, results. Some studies suggest that white matter properties act as individual-level traits predictive of reading skill, whereas others suggest that reading skill and white matter develop as a function of an individual's educational experience. In the present study, we tested two hypotheses: a) that diffusion properties of the white matter reflect stable brain characteristics that relate to stable individual differences in reading ability or b) that white matter is a dynamic system, linked with learning over time. To answer these questions, we examined the relationship between white matter and reading in a five-year longitudinal dataset and a series of large-scale, single-observation, cross-sectional datasets (N = 14,249 total participants). We find that gains in reading skill correspond to longitudinal changes in the white matter. However, in the cross-sectional datasets, we find no evidence for the hypothesis that individual differences in white matter predict reading skill. These findings highlight the link between dynamic processes in the white matter and learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan Roy
- Graduate School of Education, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Adam Richie-Halford
- Graduate School of Education, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Psychology and eScience Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Division of Developmental-Behavioral Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - John Kruper
- Department of Psychology and eScience Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Manjari Narayan
- Division of Developmental-Behavioral Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - David Bloom
- Department of Psychology and eScience Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Pierre Nedelec
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Andreas M Rauschecker
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Leo P Sugrue
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Timothy T Brown
- School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Terry L Jernigan
- Center for Human Development, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Ariel Rokem
- Department of Psychology and eScience Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jason D Yeatman
- Graduate School of Education, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Division of Developmental-Behavioral Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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Kanetzke NA, Westerdahl JE, Cho CC, Durham AN, Moerchen VA. Feasibility of a Child-Friendly 2-Minute Walk Test: A Crossover Randomized Controlled Trial. Phys Occup Ther Pediatr 2024; 44:526-541. [PMID: 38247299 DOI: 10.1080/01942638.2024.2304765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Most studies that use the NIH Toolbox 2-Minute Walk Test with young children, modify the protocol, compromising the generalizability of outcomes. A standardizable protocol is needed. The purpose of this study was to compare the 2MWT performance of children ages 3-6 years on the standard NIH Toolbox protocol and on a modified protocol designed to support young children. METHODS Cross-over randomized controlled trial. Fifteen typically developing children ages 3-6 years were randomly assigned to the performance order of the NIH toolbox 2MWT protocol and the Modified Accessibility Path (MAP) 2MWT protocol. Outcome variables and statistical analyses included test completion (McNemar test), distance walked (Wilcoxon signed-rank test), and accuracy (general estimating equation model with Poisson distribution). RESULTS All children completed 2 min of walking with the MAP protocol. Only 40% of children completed the NIH Toolbox protocol, with 83% of these NIH completers bolstered by previous exposure to the MAP protocol. Collapsed across the order, children also had significantly fewer errors per lap with the MAP protocol (p < 0.0001), despite walking a significantly greater distance (p = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS These findings lend preliminary support for standardized application of a 2MWT with young children when the protocol is designed to be child-friendly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A Kanetzke
- College of Health Professions & Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Jacqueline E Westerdahl
- College of Health Professions & Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Chris C Cho
- College of Health Professions & Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Adané N Durham
- College of Health Professions & Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Victoria A Moerchen
- College of Health Professions & Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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50
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Wang HH, Moon SY, Kim H, Kim G, Ahn WY, Joo YY, Cha J. Early life stress modulates the genetic influence on brain structure and cognitive function in children. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23345. [PMID: 38187352 PMCID: PMC10770463 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The enduring influence of early life stress (ELS) on brain and cognitive development has been widely acknowledged, yet the precise mechanisms underlying this association remain elusive. We hypothesize that ELS might disrupt the genome-wide influence on brain morphology and connectivity development, consequently exerting a detrimental impact on children's cognitive ability. We analyzed the multimodal data of DNA genotypes, brain imaging (structural and diffusion MRI), and neurocognitive battery (NIH Toolbox) of 4276 children (ages 9-10 years, European ancestry) from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. The genome-wide influence on cognitive function was estimated using the polygenic score (GPS). By using brain morphometry and tractography, we identified the brain correlates of the cognition GPSs. Statistical analyses revealed relationships for the gene-brain-cognition pathway. The brain structural variance significantly mediated the genetic influence on cognition (indirect effect = 0.016, PFDR < 0.001). Of note, this gene-brain relationship was significantly modulated by abuse, resulting in diminished cognitive capacity (Index of Moderated Mediation = -0.007; 95 % CI = -0.012 ∼ -0.002). Our results support a novel gene-brain-cognition model likely elucidating the long-lasting negative impact of ELS on children's cognitive development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Hwan Wang
- Department of Brain Cognitive and Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08825, South Korea
| | - Seo-Yoon Moon
- College of Liberal Studies, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08825, South Korea
| | - Hyeonjin Kim
- Department of Psychology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08825, South Korea
| | - Gakyung Kim
- Department of Brain Cognitive and Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08825, South Korea
| | - Woo-Young Ahn
- Department of Psychology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08825, South Korea
| | - Yoonjung Yoonie Joo
- Department of Psychology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08825, South Korea
- Department of Digital Health, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06355, South Korea
- Research Center for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, 06335, South Korea
| | - Jiook Cha
- Department of Brain Cognitive and Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08825, South Korea
- Department of Psychology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08825, South Korea
- AI Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08825, South Korea
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