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De Bruyn F, James K, Cottenet G, Dominick M, Katja J. Combining Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis and human milk oligosaccharides synergistically increases short chain fatty acid production ex vivo. Commun Biol 2024; 7:943. [PMID: 39098939 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06628-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
To enhance health benefits, a probiotic can be co-administered with a metabolizable prebiotic forming a synergistic synbiotic. We assessed the synergies resulting from combining Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis LMG 11588 and an age-adapted blend of six human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) in ex vivo colonic incubation bioreactors seeded with fecal background microbiota from infant and toddler donors. When HMOs were combined with B. infantis LMG 11588, they were rapidly and completely consumed. This resulted in increased short chain fatty acid (SCFA) production compared to the summed SCFA production from individual ingredients (synergy). Remarkably, HMOs were partially consumed for specific infant donors in the absence of B. infantis LMG 11588, yet all donors showed increased SCFA production upon B. infantis LMG 11588 supplementation. We found specific bacterial taxa associated with the differential response pattern to HMOs. Our study shows the importance of carefully selecting pre- and probiotic into a synergistic synbiotic that could benefit infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florac De Bruyn
- Nestlé Research and Development, Nestléstrasse 3, CH-3510, Konolfingen, Switzerland.
| | - Kieran James
- Nestlé Research and Development, Nestléstrasse 3, CH-3510, Konolfingen, Switzerland
| | - Geoffrey Cottenet
- Nestlé Institute of Food Safety and Analytical Science, Nestlé Research, Route du Jorat 57, CH-1000, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Maes Dominick
- Nestlé Research and Development, Nestléstrasse 3, CH-3510, Konolfingen, Switzerland
| | - Johnson Katja
- Nestlé Research and Development, Nestléstrasse 3, CH-3510, Konolfingen, Switzerland
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2
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Tarabini RF, Fioravanti Vieira G, Rigo MM, de Souza APD. Mutations in glioblastoma proteins do not disrupt epitope presentation and recognition, maintaining a specific CD8 T cell immune response potential. Sci Rep 2024; 14:16721. [PMID: 39030304 PMCID: PMC11271619 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-67099-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Antigen-specific cytotoxic CD8 T cells are extremely effective in controlling tumor growth and have been the focus of immunotherapy approaches. We leverage in silico tools to investigate whether the occurrence of mutations in proteins previously described as immunogenic and highly expressed by glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), such as Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR), Isocitrate Dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1), Phosphatase and Tensin homolog (PTEN) and Tumor Protein 53 (TP53), may be contributing to the differential presentation of immunogenic epitopes. We recovered Class I MHC binding information from wild-type and mutated proteins using the Immune Epitope Database (IEDB). After that, we built peptide-MHC (pMHC-I) models in HLA-arena, followed by hierarchical clustering analysis based on electrostatic surface features from each complex. We identified point mutations that are determinants for the presentation of a set of peptides from TP53 protein. We point to structural features in the pMHC-I complexes of wild-type and mutated peptides, which may play a role in the recognition of CD8 T cells. To further explore these features, we performed 100 ns molecular dynamics simulations for the peptide pairs (wt/mut) selected. In pursuit of novel therapeutic targets for GBM treatment, we selected peptides where our predictive results indicated that mutations would not disrupt epitope presentation, thereby maintaining a specific CD8 T cell immune response. These peptides hold potential for future GBM interventions, including peptide-based or mRNA vaccine development applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Fioravanti Tarabini
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Infant Center, School of Health Science, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Fioravanti Vieira
- Post-Graduation Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Post-Graduation Program in Health and Human Development, Universidade La Salle, Canoas, Brazil
| | - Maurício Menegatti Rigo
- Kavraki Lab, Department of Computer Science, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ, USA.
| | - Ana Paula Duarte de Souza
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Infant Center, School of Health Science, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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3
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Vergara EJ, Tran AC, Paul MJ, Harrison T, Cooper A, Reljic R. A modified mycobacterial growth inhibition assay for the functional assessment of vaccine-mediated immunity. NPJ Vaccines 2024; 9:123. [PMID: 38956057 PMCID: PMC11219912 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-024-00906-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The Mycobacterial growth inhibition assay (MGIA) is an ex-vivo assay used to measure the overall functional immune response elicited by infection or vaccination. In tuberculosis (TB) vaccine development, MGIA is a potentially important tool for preclinical evaluation of early-stage vaccine candidates to complement existing assays, and to potentially reduce the need for lengthy and costly pathogenic Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) animal challenge experiments. The conventional method of MGIA in mice entails directly infecting mixed cell cultures, most commonly splenocytes, from immunised mice with mycobacteria. However, this direct infection of mixed cell populations may yield unreliable results and lacks sufficient sensitivity to discriminate well between different vaccines due to the low number of mycobacteria-permissive cells. Here, we modified the assay by inclusion of mycobacteria-infected congenic murine macrophage cell lines as the target cells, and by measuring the total number of killed cells rather than the relative reduction between different groups. Thus, using splenocytes from Mycobacterium bovis BCG immunised mice, and J774 and MH-S (BALB/c background) or BL/6-M (C57Bl/6 background) macrophage cell lines, we demonstrated that the modified assay resulted in at least 26-fold greater mycobacterial killing per set quantity of splenocytes as compared to the conventional method. This increased sensitivity of measuring mycobacterial killing was confirmed using both the standard culture forming unit (CFU) assay and luminescence readings of luciferase-tagged virulent and avirulent mycobacteria. We propose that the modified MGIA can be used as a highly calibrated tool for quantitating the killing capacity of immune cells in preclinical evaluation of vaccine candidates for TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emil Joseph Vergara
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St. George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Andy Cano Tran
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St. George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Matthew J Paul
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St. George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Thomas Harrison
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St. George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Andrea Cooper
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Rajko Reljic
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St. George's University of London, London, UK.
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4
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Liu X, Yuan M, Zhao D, Zeng Q, Li W, Li T, Li Q, Zhuo Y, Luo M, Chen P, Wang L, Feng W, Zhou Z. Single-Nucleus Transcriptomic Atlas of Human Pericoronary Epicardial Adipose Tissue in Normal and Pathological Conditions. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2024; 44:1628-1645. [PMID: 38813696 PMCID: PMC11208064 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.124.320923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pericoronary epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is a unique visceral fat depot that surrounds the adventitia of the coronary arteries without any anatomic barrier. Clinical studies have demonstrated the association between EAT volume and increased risks for coronary artery disease (CAD). However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the association remain elusive. METHODS We performed single-nucleus RNA sequencing on pericoronary EAT samples collected from 3 groups of subjects: patients undergoing coronary bypass surgery for severe CAD (n=8), patients with CAD with concomitant type 2 diabetes (n=8), and patients with valvular diseases but without concomitant CAD and type 2 diabetes as the control group (n=8). Comparative analyses were performed among groups, including cellular compositional analysis, cell type-resolved transcriptomic changes, gene coexpression network analysis, and intercellular communication analysis. Immunofluorescence staining was performed to confirm the presence of CAD-associated subclusters. RESULTS Unsupervised clustering of 73 386 nuclei identified 15 clusters, encompassing all known cell types in the adipose tissue. Distinct subpopulations were identified within primary cell types, including adipocytes, adipose stem and progenitor cells, and macrophages. CD83high macrophages and FOSBhigh adipocytes were significantly expanded in CAD. In comparison to normal controls, both disease groups exhibited dysregulated pathways and altered secretome in the primary cell types. Nevertheless, minimal differences were noted between the disease groups in terms of cellular composition and transcriptome. In addition, our data highlight a potential interplay between dysregulated circadian clock and altered physiological functions in adipocytes of pericoronary EAT. ANXA1 (annexin A1) and SEMA3B (semaphorin 3B) were identified as important adipokines potentially involved in functional changes of pericoronary EAT and CAD pathogenesis. CONCLUSIONS We built a complete single-nucleus transcriptomic atlas of human pericoronary EAT in normal and diseased conditions of CAD. Our study lays the foundation for developing novel therapeutic strategies for treating CAD by targeting and modifying pericoronary EAT functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (X.L., M.Y., D.Z., Q.Z., W.L., T.L., Q.L., Y.Z., M.L., P.C., L.W., W.F., Z.Z.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Center of Laboratory Medicine (X.L., M.Y., D.Z., Q.Z., W.L., T.L., Z.Z.), Fuwai Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (X.L., M.Y., D.Z., Q.Z., W.L., T.L., Q.L., Y.Z., M.L., P.C., L.W., W.F., Z.Z.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Center of Laboratory Medicine (X.L., M.Y., D.Z., Q.Z., W.L., T.L., Z.Z.), Fuwai Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Danni Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (X.L., M.Y., D.Z., Q.Z., W.L., T.L., Q.L., Y.Z., M.L., P.C., L.W., W.F., Z.Z.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Center of Laboratory Medicine (X.L., M.Y., D.Z., Q.Z., W.L., T.L., Z.Z.), Fuwai Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qingyi Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (X.L., M.Y., D.Z., Q.Z., W.L., T.L., Q.L., Y.Z., M.L., P.C., L.W., W.F., Z.Z.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Center of Laboratory Medicine (X.L., M.Y., D.Z., Q.Z., W.L., T.L., Z.Z.), Fuwai Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wenke Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (X.L., M.Y., D.Z., Q.Z., W.L., T.L., Q.L., Y.Z., M.L., P.C., L.W., W.F., Z.Z.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Center of Laboratory Medicine (X.L., M.Y., D.Z., Q.Z., W.L., T.L., Z.Z.), Fuwai Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tianjiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (X.L., M.Y., D.Z., Q.Z., W.L., T.L., Q.L., Y.Z., M.L., P.C., L.W., W.F., Z.Z.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Center of Laboratory Medicine (X.L., M.Y., D.Z., Q.Z., W.L., T.L., Z.Z.), Fuwai Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (X.L., M.Y., D.Z., Q.Z., W.L., T.L., Q.L., Y.Z., M.L., P.C., L.W., W.F., Z.Z.)
- Department of Cardiac Surgery (Q.L., P.C., L.W., W.F.), Fuwai Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Zhuo
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (X.L., M.Y., D.Z., Q.Z., W.L., T.L., Q.L., Y.Z., M.L., P.C., L.W., W.F., Z.Z.)
- Center of Vascular Surgery (Y.Z., M.L.), Fuwai Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Mingyao Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (X.L., M.Y., D.Z., Q.Z., W.L., T.L., Q.L., Y.Z., M.L., P.C., L.W., W.F., Z.Z.)
- Center of Vascular Surgery (Y.Z., M.L.), Fuwai Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Central-China Subcenter of National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Henan Cardiovascular Disease Center, Fuwai Central-China Cardiovascular Hospital, Central China Fuwai Hospital of Zhengzhou University, China (M.L.)
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Fuwai Yunnan Cardiovascular Hospital, Affiliated Cardiovascular Hospital of Kunming Medical University, China (M.L.)
| | - Pengfei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (X.L., M.Y., D.Z., Q.Z., W.L., T.L., Q.L., Y.Z., M.L., P.C., L.W., W.F., Z.Z.)
- Department of Cardiac Surgery (Q.L., P.C., L.W., W.F.), Fuwai Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Liqing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (X.L., M.Y., D.Z., Q.Z., W.L., T.L., Q.L., Y.Z., M.L., P.C., L.W., W.F., Z.Z.)
- Department of Cardiac Surgery (Q.L., P.C., L.W., W.F.), Fuwai Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (X.L., M.Y., D.Z., Q.Z., W.L., T.L., Q.L., Y.Z., M.L., P.C., L.W., W.F., Z.Z.)
- Department of Cardiac Surgery (Q.L., P.C., L.W., W.F.), Fuwai Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhou Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (X.L., M.Y., D.Z., Q.Z., W.L., T.L., Q.L., Y.Z., M.L., P.C., L.W., W.F., Z.Z.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Center of Laboratory Medicine (X.L., M.Y., D.Z., Q.Z., W.L., T.L., Z.Z.), Fuwai Hospital, Beijing, China
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Bouhend A, Keddari S, Yahla I, Sadouki O, Bououdina M. Therapeutic Benefits of Tuna Oil by In Vitro and In Vivo Studies Using a Rat Model of Acetic Acid-Induced Ulcerative Colitis. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024; 196:3817-3843. [PMID: 37787891 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04736-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC), an inflammation of the colon lining, represents the main form of inflammatory bowel disease IBD. Nutritional therapy is extremely important in the management of ulcerative colitis. Fish oil contains long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, which have beneficial effects on health, including anti-inflammatory effects. This study aims to investigate the benefits of bluefin tuna oil extracted by the Soxhlet method in vitro by determining the anti-radical and anti-inflammatory activities and in vivo by evaluating the preventive and curative effects. The experiments were carried out using two doses of oil (100 and 260 mg/kg) and glutamine (400 and 1000 mg/kg) on the acetic acid-induced UC model. UC has been induced in Wistar rats by intrarectal administration of a single dose of 1 mL acetic acid (5% v/v in distilled water). The obtained results indicate that tuna oil and glutamine have a significant anti-free radical effect. Tuna oil has a marked anti-inflammatory power based on membrane stabilization and inhibiting protein denaturation. The reduction of various UC parameters, such as weight loss, disease activity score DAS, and colonic ulceration in rats pre-treated with tuna oil and glutamine, demonstrate that these treatments have a significant effect on UC. Total glutathione GSH, superoxide dismutase SOD, and catalase activities are significantly restored in the tuna oil and glutamine groups, while lipid peroxidation has been markedly reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abla Bouhend
- Laboratory of Bioeconomics, Food safety and Health, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Life, Abdelhamid Ibn Badis University of Mostaganem, 188, 27000, Mostaganem, BP, Algeria
| | - Soumia Keddari
- Laboratory of Bioeconomics, Food safety and Health, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Life, Abdelhamid Ibn Badis University of Mostaganem, 188, 27000, Mostaganem, BP, Algeria.
| | - Imen Yahla
- Laboratory of Beneficial Microorganisms, Functional Food and Health (LMBAFS), Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, Abdelhamid Ibn Badis University, Mostaganem, Algeria
| | - Omar Sadouki
- Laboratory of Anapathology Histology, University Hospital Centre, Mostaganem, Algeria
| | - Mohamed Bououdina
- Department of Mathematics and Sciences, College of Humanities and Sciences, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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6
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Horn V, Sonnenberg GF. Group 3 innate lymphoid cells in intestinal health and disease. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 21:428-443. [PMID: 38467885 PMCID: PMC11144103 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-024-00906-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract is an immunologically rich organ, containing complex cell networks and dense lymphoid structures that safeguard this large absorptive barrier from pathogens, contribute to tissue physiology and support mucosal healing. Simultaneously, the immune system must remain tolerant to innocuous dietary antigens and trillions of normally beneficial microorganisms colonizing the intestine. Indeed, a dysfunctional immune response in the intestine underlies the pathogenesis of numerous local and systemic diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease, food allergy, chronic enteric infections or cancers. Here, we discuss group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s), which have emerged as orchestrators of tissue physiology, immunity, inflammation, tolerance and malignancy in the gastrointestinal tract. ILC3s are abundant in the developing and healthy intestine but their numbers or function are altered during chronic disease and cancer. The latest studies provide new insights into the mechanisms by which ILC3s fundamentally shape intestinal homeostasis or disease pathophysiology, and often this functional dichotomy depends on context and complex interactions with other cell types or microorganisms. Finally, we consider how this knowledge could be harnessed to improve current treatments or provoke new opportunities for therapeutic intervention to promote gut health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Horn
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
- Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gregory F Sonnenberg
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA.
- Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA.
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7
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Clough J, Colwill M, Poullis A, Pollok R, Patel K, Honap S. Biomarkers in inflammatory bowel disease: a practical guide. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2024; 17:17562848241251600. [PMID: 38737913 PMCID: PMC11085009 DOI: 10.1177/17562848241251600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), comprising ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), is a costly condition in terms of morbidity and healthcare utilization, with an increasing prevalence now approaching 1% in the Western world. Endoscopic assessment of IBD remains the gold standard for diagnosis, evaluation of treatment response and determination of post-operative recurrence, but is expensive and invasive. Biomarkers can facilitate non-invasive disease assessment, with C-reactive protein and faecal calprotectin as the most widely available biomarkers in current clinical practice. This narrative review summarizes the evidence for their use in both UC and CD and offers practical guidance for healthcare providers taking into account the limitations of biomarker interpretation. We present evidence for the future use of novel biomarkers in IBD and discuss how biomarker discovery could deliver the goal of precision medicine in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennie Clough
- St George’s University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Michael Colwill
- St George’s University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Andrew Poullis
- St George’s University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Richard Pollok
- St George’s University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, St George’s University, London, UK
| | - Kamal Patel
- St George’s University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Sailish Honap
- St George’s University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
- INFINY Institute, Nancy University Hospital, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
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8
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Murdaca G, Tagliafico L, Page E, Paladin F, Gangemi S. Gender Differences in the Interplay between Vitamin D and Microbiota in Allergic and Autoimmune Diseases. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1023. [PMID: 38790985 PMCID: PMC11117902 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12051023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The synergic role of vitamin D and the intestinal microbiota in the regulation of the immune system has been thoroughly described in the literature. Vitamin D deficiency and intestinal dysbiosis have shown a pathogenetic role in the development of numerous immune-mediated and allergic diseases. The physiological processes underlying aging and sex have proven to be capable of having a negative influence both on vitamin D values and the biodiversity of the microbiome. This leads to a global increase in levels of systemic inflammatory markers, with potential implications for all immune-mediated diseases and allergic conditions. Our review aims to collect and analyze the relationship between vitamin D and the intestinal microbiome with the immune system and the diseases associated with it, emphasizing the effect mediated by sexual hormones and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Murdaca
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy (E.P.)
- Allergology and Clinical Immunology Unit, San Bartolomeo Hospital, 19038 Sarzana, Italy
| | - Luca Tagliafico
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy (E.P.)
- Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Elena Page
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy (E.P.)
- Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Francesca Paladin
- Elderly and Disabeld Department, San Paolo Hospital, 17100 Savona, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- School and Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
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Son S, Park M, Kim J, Lee K. ACE mRNA (Additional Chimeric Element incorporated IVT mRNA) for Enhancing Protein Expression by Modulating Immunogenicity. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2307541. [PMID: 38447169 PMCID: PMC11095206 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202307541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
The development of in vitro transcribed mRNA (IVT mRNA)-based therapeutics/vaccines depends on the management of IVT mRNA immunogenicity. IVT mRNA, which is used for intracellular protein translation, often triggers unwanted immune responses, interfering with protein expression and leading to reduced therapeutic efficacy. Currently, the predominant approach for mitigating immune responses involves the incorporation of costly chemically modified nucleotides like pseudouridine (Ψ) or N1-methylpseudouridine (m1Ψ) into IVT mRNA, raising concerns about expense and the potential misincorporation of amino acids into chemically modified codon sequences. Here, an Additional Chimeric Element incorporated mRNA (ACE mRNA), a novel approach incorporating two segments within a single IVT mRNA structure, is introduced. The first segment retains conventional IVT mRNA components prepared with unmodified nucleotides, while the second, comprised of RNA/DNA chimeric elements, aims to modulate immunogenicity. Notably, ACE mRNA demonstrates a noteworthy reduction in immunogenicity of unmodified IVT mRNA, concurrently demonstrating enhanced protein expression efficiency. The reduced immune responses are based on the ability of RNA/DNA chimeric elements to restrict retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) and stimulator of interferon genes (STING)-mediated immune activation. The developed ACE mRNA shows great potential in modulating the immunogenicity of IVT mRNA without the need for chemically modified nucleotides, thereby advancing the safety and efficacy of mRNA-based therapeutics/vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sora Son
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesGyeongsang National UniversityJinjuGyeongsangnam‐do52828Republic of Korea
| | - Minsa Park
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesGyeongsang National UniversityJinjuGyeongsangnam‐do52828Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesGyeongsang National UniversityJinjuGyeongsangnam‐do52828Republic of Korea
| | - Kyuri Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesGyeongsang National UniversityJinjuGyeongsangnam‐do52828Republic of Korea
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10
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Guhe V, Singh S. Targeting peptide based therapeutics: Integrated computational and experimental studies of autophagic regulation in host-parasite interaction. ChemMedChem 2024; 19:e202300679. [PMID: 38317307 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202300679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by the intracellular parasite Leishmania major, exhibits significant public health challenge worldwide. With limited treatment options available, the identification of novel therapeutic targets is of paramount importance. Present study manifested the crucial role of ATG8 protein as a potential target in combating L. major infection. Using machine learning algorithms, we identified non-conserved motifs within the ATG8 in L. major. Subsequently, a peptide library was generated based on these motifs, and three peptides were selected for further investigation through molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations. Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) experiments confirmed the direct interaction between ATG8 and the identified peptides. Remarkably, these peptides demonstrated the ability to cross the parasite membrane and exert profound effects on L. major. Peptide treatment significantly impacted parasite survival, inducing alterations in the cell cycle and morphology. Furthermore, the peptides were found to modulate autophagosome formation, particularly under starved conditions, indicating their involvement in autophagy regulation within L. major. In vitro studies revealed that the selected peptides effectively decreased the parasite load within the infected host cells. Encouragingly, in vivo experiments corroborated these findings, demonstrating a reduction in parasite burden upon peptide administration. Additionally, the peptides were observed to affect the levels of LC3II, a known autophagy marker within the host cells. Collectively, our findings highlight the efficacy of these novel peptides in targeting L. major ATG8 and disrupting parasite survival, wherein P2 is showing prominent effect on L. major as compared to P1. These results provide valuable insights into the development of innovative therapeutic strategies against leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vrushali Guhe
- Systems Medicine Lab, National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, Ganeshkhind, SP Pune University Campus, Pune, 411007, India Phone
| | - Shailza Singh
- Systems Medicine Lab, National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, Ganeshkhind, SP Pune University Campus, Pune, 411007, India Phone
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11
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Wu Y, Yu S, de Lázaro I. Advances in lipid nanoparticle mRNA therapeutics beyond COVID-19 vaccines. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:6820-6836. [PMID: 38502114 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr00019f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
The remarkable success of two lipid nanoparticle-mRNA vaccines against coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has placed the therapeutic and prophylactic potential of messenger RNA (mRNA) in the spotlight. It has also drawn attention to the indispensable role of lipid nanoparticles in enabling the effects of this nucleic acid. To date, lipid nanoparticles are the most clinically advanced non-viral platforms for mRNA delivery. This is thanks to their favorable safety profile and efficiency in protecting the nucleic acid from degradation and allowing its cellular uptake and cytoplasmic release upon endosomal escape. Moreover, the development of lipid nanoparticle-mRNA therapeutics was already a very active area of research even before the COVID-19 pandemic, which has likely only begun to bear its fruits. In this Review, we first discuss key aspects of the development of lipid nanoparticles as mRNA carriers. We then highlight promising preclinical and clinical studies involving lipid nanoparticle-mRNA formulations against infectious diseases and cancer, and to enable protein replacement or supplementation and genome editing. Finally, we elaborate on the challenges in advancing lipid nanoparticle-mRNA technology to widespread therapeutic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeung Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, NYU Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, USA.
| | - Sinuo Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, NYU Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, USA.
| | - Irene de Lázaro
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, NYU Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, USA.
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, USA
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Science, Harvard University, USA
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12
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Suryavanshi P, Bodas D. Knockout cancer by nano-delivered immunotherapy using perfusion-aided scaffold-based tumor-on-a-chip. Nanotheranostics 2024; 8:380-400. [PMID: 38751938 PMCID: PMC11093718 DOI: 10.7150/ntno.87818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a multifactorial disease produced by mutations in the oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, which result in uncontrolled cell proliferation and resistance to cell death. Cancer progresses due to the escape of altered cells from immune monitoring, which is facilitated by the tumor's mutual interaction with its microenvironment. Understanding the mechanisms involved in immune surveillance evasion and the significance of the tumor microenvironment might thus aid in developing improved therapies. Although in vivo models are commonly utilized, they could be better for time, cost, and ethical concerns. As a result, it is critical to replicate an in vivo model and recreate the cellular and tissue-level functionalities. A 3D cell culture, which gives a 3D architecture similar to that found in vivo, is an appropriate model. Furthermore, numerous cell types can be cocultured, establishing cellular interactions between TME and tumor cells. Moreover, microfluidics perfusion can provide precision flow rates, thus simulating tissue/organ function. Immunotherapy can be used with the perfused 3D cell culture technique to help develop successful therapeutics. Immunotherapy employing nano delivery can target the spot and silence the responsible genes, ensuring treatment effectiveness while minimizing adverse effects. This study focuses on the importance of 3D cell culture in understanding the pathophysiology of 3D tumors and TME, the function of TME in drug resistance, tumor progression, and the development of advanced anticancer therapies for high-throughput drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Suryavanshi
- Nanobioscience Group, Agharkar Research Institute, G.G. Agarkar Road, Pune 411 004 India
- Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune 411 007 India
| | - Dhananjay Bodas
- Nanobioscience Group, Agharkar Research Institute, G.G. Agarkar Road, Pune 411 004 India
- Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune 411 007 India
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13
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Sanz-Ortega L, Andersson A, Carlsten M. Harnessing upregulated E-selectin while enhancing SDF-1α sensing redirects infused NK cells to the AML-perturbed bone marrow. Leukemia 2024; 38:579-589. [PMID: 38182818 PMCID: PMC10912028 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-023-02126-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Increased bone marrow (BM) homing of NK cells is associated with positive outcome in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) treated within adoptive NK cell transfer trials. While most efforts to further improve the efficacy focus on augmenting NK cell persistence and cytotoxicity, few address their ability to home to the tumor. Here, we decipher how AML growth alters the BM niche to impair NK cell infiltration and how insights can be utilized to resolve this issue. We show that AML development gradually impairs the BM homing capacity of infused NK cells, which was tightly linked to loss of SDF-1α in this environment. AML development also triggered up-regulation of E-selectin on BM endothelial cells. Given the poor E-selectin-binding capacity of NK cells, introduction of fucosyltransferase-7 (FUT7) to the NK cells per mRNA transfection resulted in potent E-selectin binding and stronger adhesion to E-selectin+ endothelial cells. Co-introduction of FUT7 and gain-of-function CXCR4 (CXCR4R334X) redirected NK cell homing to the BM of AML-bearing mice nearly to the levels in AML-free mice. This work shows how impaired NK cell homing caused by AML-induced microenvironmental changes can be overcome by genetic engineering. We speculate our insights can help further advance future NK cell immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Sanz-Ortega
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Agneta Andersson
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mattias Carlsten
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Center for Cell Therapy and Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation, Karolinska Comprehensive Cancer Center, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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14
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Dastgerdi NK, Gumus N, Bayraktutan H, Jackson D, Polra K, McKay PF, Atyabi F, Dinarvand R, Shattock RJ, Martinez-Pomares L, Gurnani P, Alexander C. Charge neutralized poly(β-amino ester) polyplex nanoparticles for delivery of self-amplifying RNA. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2024; 6:1409-1422. [PMID: 38419881 PMCID: PMC10898429 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00794d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Therapeutic self-amplifying RNA (saRNA) is a promising approach for disease treatment, as it can be administered in lower doses than messenger RNA (mRNA) to achieve comparable protein production levels. However, saRNA requires an appropriate delivery vehicle to protect it during transit and facilitate its transfection. A widely-adopted approach has been to use polycations to condense these large anionic macromolecules into polyplex nanoparticles, however their high charge density often elicits cytotoxic effects. In this study we postulated that we could improve the potency and tolerability of such delivery vehicles by co-formulating poly(β-amino ester)s saRNA polyplexes with a non-toxic anionic polymer, γ-polyglutamic acid (γ-PGA) to neutralize partially this positive charge. Accordingly, we prepared a poly(β-amino ester) from 1,6-hexanedioldiacrylate (HDDA) and 4-aminobutanol (ABOL) and initially evaluated the physicochemical properties of the binary polyplexes (i.e. formed from polymer and saRNA only). Optimised binary polyplex formulations were then taken forward for preparation of ternary complexes containing pHDDA-ABOL, saRNA and γ-PGA. Our findings demonstrate that γ-PGA integration into polyplexes significantly enhanced transfection efficacy in HEK293T and A431 cells without affecting polyplex size. Notably, γ-PGA incorporation leads to a pronounced reduction in zeta potential, which reduced the toxicity of the ternary complexes in moDC, NIH3T3, and A431 cells. Furthermore, the presence of γ-PGA contributed to colloidal stability, reducing aggregation of the ternary complexes, as evidenced by insignificant changes in polydispersity index (PDI) after freeze-thaw cycles. Overall, these results suggest that incorporating the appropriate ratio of a polyanion such as γ-PGA with polycations in RNA delivery formulations is a promising way to improve the in vitro delivery of saRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazgol Karimi Dastgerdi
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics and Formulation, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Nurcan Gumus
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics and Formulation, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Hulya Bayraktutan
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics and Formulation, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Darryl Jackson
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Krunal Polra
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Section of Immunology of Infection, Imperial College London Norfolk Place London W21PG UK
| | - Paul F McKay
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Section of Immunology of Infection, Imperial College London Norfolk Place London W21PG UK
| | - Fatemeh Atyabi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Rassoul Dinarvand
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran 1417614315 Iran
| | - Robin J Shattock
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Section of Immunology of Infection, Imperial College London Norfolk Place London W21PG UK
| | - Luisa Martinez-Pomares
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Pratik Gurnani
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London 29-39 Brunswick Square London WC1N 1AX UK
| | - Cameron Alexander
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics and Formulation, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
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15
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Qasem FA, Awad SM, Elagamy RA. Effectiveness of Calcium Hydroxide and Gingerols Mixture as a Novel Obturation Material for Infected Root in Primary Teeth: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Int J Dent 2024; 2024:5528260. [PMID: 38362239 PMCID: PMC10869195 DOI: 10.1155/2024/5528260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The tendency to use dental materials of plant origin is one of the prevailing trends in dentistry to reduce exposure to materials that could have some toxic impact in the long term. Objective To evaluate the efficacy of calcium hydroxide combined with gingerols (Ginge-Cal) as a novel obturation material for treating infected primary teeth and decreasing the recurrence of infection. Materials and Methods The study was conducted on 30 lower primary molars with infected pulp for children aged 4-8 years. The sample was randomly divided into two groups depending on the tested obturation material: Ginge-Cal group and the Metapex group. The evaluation was done by different parameters clinically and radiographically at various intervals up to 12 months. Results Based on chi-squared and McNamara's test with a 5% significance level, the clinical results indicated that Ginge-Cal group was more effective than the Metapex group in reducing or eliminating pain (P=0.467) after 1 week, sensitivity to percussion (P=0.090) at 3 months of follow-up, purulent swelling (P=0.444) at 6 and 9 months of follow-up, fistula, and tooth mobility. The radiographic results, based on the periapical and furcation area radiolucency at 12 months of follow-up, favored Ginge-Cal group over the Metapex group (P=0.683), (P=0.456), respectively. There were no statistically significant differences in pathological root resorption and periodontal space. The differences within the Ginge-Cal group were directly influenced by the time intervals in a statistically significant manner, ranging from (P=0.004) to (P < 0.001). The success percentage was 87.5% for Ginge-Cal group and 64.3% for Metapex group. Conclusions Ginge-Cal can be considered a promising material for treating the infected root canal when used as an obturation material for the infected root canal. This trial is registered with NCT05181813.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fathi A. Qasem
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Thamar University, Thamar, Yemen
| | - Salwa M. Awad
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Rizk A. Elagamy
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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16
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Wang F, Liu YJ, Miao HB, Chen Z. Clinical algorithm model based on cfDNA to predict SLE disease activity. Lupus 2024; 33:145-154. [PMID: 38183242 DOI: 10.1177/09612033231226314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) has been widely used as a new liquid-biopsy marker. Dysregulation of cfDNA has been found in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). However, the detailed association between cfDNA and SLE has not been thoroughly studied. METHODS Plasma samples were collected from 88 patients with active SLE and 39 patients with inactive SLE. The cfDNA concentration was determined, and the length and distribution of cfDNA fragments were verified. RESULTS cfDNA concentrations were significantly higher in patients with active SLE than in patients with inactive SLE (0.4 [0.18-0.897] ng/µL vs 0.249 [0.144-0.431] ng/µL; p = .043). cfDNA fragments were enriched in the ranges of 153-198 bp and 300-599 bp. cfDNA concentrations were associated with the reduction of the anti-double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) antibodies titer (r = -0.301, p = .034). The presence of anti-U1 ribonucleoprotein (p = .012), anti-Sjogren syndrome A (p = .024), anti-dsDNA (p = .0208), and anti-nucleosome antibodies (p = .0382) might associate to the variation of cfDNA concentration. Reduced cfDNA concentration was associated with renal damage in active SLE patients (0.31 [0.11-0.73] ng/µL vs 0.65 [0.27-1.53] ng/µL; p = .009). The Active index, a combination model including cfDNA concentration and other clinical indices, had an area of 0.886 under the receiver operating characteristics curve for distinguishing active SLE. The Active index was positively correlated with the SLE disease activity index score (r = 0.6724, p < .0001). CONCLUSIONS Through systematic stratified analysis and clinical algorithm model, this study found that plasma cfDNA concentration is closely related to SLE disease severity, which has guiding significance for the future clinical application of cfDNA in SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Foresea Life Insurance Guangxi Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Yi-Jing Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Hai-Bing Miao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Zhen Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
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17
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Nouripour S, Mehri S, Aminifard T, Hosseini A, Khajavi Rad A, Jafarian A, Hosseinzadeh H. Protective role of alpha-lipoic acid against rhabdomyolysis-induced acute kidney injury in rats. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2024; 27:1033-1039. [PMID: 38911241 PMCID: PMC11193498 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2024.74864.16252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Objectives Rhabdomyolysis, a potentially life-threatening condition, occurs when myoglobin is released from damaged muscle cells, leading to acute kidney injury (AKI). Alpha lipoic acid (ALA), an organosulfur compound known for its anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, was examined in this study for its potential impact on rhabdomyolysis-induced AKI in rats. Materials and Methods Six groups of rats were included in the study, with each group consisting of six rats (n=6): Control, rhabdomyolysis, rhabdomyolysis treated with different doses of ALA (5, 10, and 20 mg/kg), and ALA alone (20 mg/kg) groups. Rhabdomyolysis was induced by intramuscular injection of glycerol on the first day of the experiment, while ALA was administered intraperitoneally for four consecutive days. Renal function parameters, oxidative stress markers, and histological changes in the kidneys were evaluated. Western blot analysis was performed to measure the levels of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) proteins. Results A significant increase in serum urea, creatinine, renal malondialdehyde, NGAl, and TNF-α protein levels was observed in glycerol-injected rats. In addition, a significant decrease in glutathione was recorded. Compared to the rhabdomyolysis group, treatment with ALA recovered kidney histological and biochemical abnormalities. Conclusion Results suggest that rhabdomyolysis-induced AKI is associated with increased oxidative stress and inflammation. Treatment with ALA improved kidney histological abnormalities and reduced oxidative stress markers in rats. Therefore, ALA may have a potential protective effect against rhabdomyolysis-induced AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadaf Nouripour
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Soghra Mehri
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Tahereh Aminifard
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Arezoo Hosseini
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Khajavi Rad
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Jafarian
- Department of Pathology, Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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18
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Mohite R, Doshi G. A Review of Proposed Mechanisms in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Therapeutic Strategies for the Disease. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2024; 24:291-301. [PMID: 37861027 DOI: 10.2174/0118715303250834230923234802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by synovial edema, inflammation, bone and cartilage loss, and joint degradation. Patients experience swelling, stiffness, pain, limited joint movement, and decreased mobility as the condition worsens. RA treatment regimens often come with various side effects, including an increased risk of developing cancer and organ failure, potentially leading to mortality. However, researchers have proposed mechanistic hypotheses to explain the underlying causes of synovitis and joint damage in RA patients. This review article focuses on the role of synoviocytes and synoviocytes resembling fibroblasts in the RA synovium. Additionally, it explores the involvement of epigenetic regulatory systems, such as microRNA pathways, silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1), Peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptor-gamma coactivator (PGC1-α), and protein phosphatase 1A (PPM1A)/high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) regulators. These mechanisms are believed to modulate the function of receptors, cytokines, and growth factors associated with RA. The review article includes data from preclinical and clinical trials that provide insights into potential treatment options for RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupali Mohite
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, V.M. Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, India
| | - Gaurav Doshi
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, V.M. Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, India
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19
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Adam H, Gopinath SCB, Arshad MKM, Adam T, Subramaniam S, Hashim U. An Update on Parkinson's Disease and its Neurodegenerative Counterparts. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:2770-2787. [PMID: 37016529 DOI: 10.2174/0929867330666230403085733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neurodegenerative disorders are a group of diseases that cause nerve cell degeneration in the brain, resulting in a variety of symptoms and are not treatable with drugs. Parkinson's disease (PD), prion disease, motor neuron disease (MND), Huntington's disease (HD), spinal cerebral dyskinesia (SCA), spinal muscle atrophy (SMA), multiple system atrophy, Alzheimer's disease (AD), spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) (ALS), pantothenate kinase-related neurodegeneration, and TDP-43 protein disorder are examples of neurodegenerative diseases. Dementia is caused by the loss of brain and spinal cord nerve cells in neurodegenerative diseases. BACKGROUND Even though environmental and genetic predispositions have also been involved in the process, redox metal abuse plays a crucial role in neurodegeneration since the preponderance of symptoms originates from abnormal metal metabolism. METHOD Hence, this review investigates several neurodegenerative diseases that may occur symptoms similar to Parkinson's disease to understand the differences and similarities between Parkinson's disease and other neurodegenerative disorders based on reviewing previously published papers. RESULTS Based on the findings, the aggregation of alpha-synuclein occurs in Parkinson's disease, multiple system atrophy, and dementia with Lewy bodies. Other neurodegenerative diseases occur with different protein aggregation or mutations. CONCLUSION We can conclude that Parkinson's disease, Multiple system atrophy, and Dementia with Lewy bodies are closely related. Therefore, researchers must distinguish among the three diseases to avoid misdiagnosis of Multiple System Atrophy and Dementia with Lewy bodies with Parkinson's disease symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussaini Adam
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), 01000, Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Subash C B Gopinath
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), 01000, Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia
- Micro System Technology, Centre of Excellence (CoE), Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Pauh Campus, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
- Centre for Chemical Biology (CCB), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bayan Lepas, 11900 Penang, Malaysia
| | - M K Md Arshad
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), 01000, Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia
- Faculty of Electronic Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Pauh Campus, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Tijjani Adam
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), 01000, Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia
- Faculty of Electronic Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Pauh Campus, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
- Micro System Technology, Centre of Excellence (CoE), Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Pauh Campus, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Sreeramanan Subramaniam
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Georgetown, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
- Centre for Chemical Biology (CCB), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bayan Lepas, 11900 Penang, Malaysia
- National Poison Centre, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Georgetown, 11800, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Uda Hashim
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), 01000, Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia
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20
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Mori A, Ohno H, Satoh-Takayama N. Disease pathogenesis and barrier functions regulated by group 3 innate lymphoid cells. Semin Immunopathol 2024; 45:509-519. [PMID: 38305897 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-024-01000-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
The mucosal surface is in constant contact with foreign antigens and is regulated by unique mechanisms that are different from immune responses in the peripheral organs. For the last several decades, only adaptive immune cells such as helper T (Th) cells, Th1, Th2, or Th17 were targeted to study a wide variety of immune responses in the mucosal tissues. However, since their discovery, innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) have been attracting attention as a unique subset of immune cells that provide border defense with various functions and tissue specificity. ILCs are classified into different groups based on cell differentiation and functions. Group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) are particularly in close proximity to mucosal surfaces and therefore have the opportunity to be exposed to a variety of bacteria including pathogenic bacteria. In recent years, studies have also provided much evidence that ILC3s contribute to disease pathogenesis as well as the defense of mucosal surfaces by rapidly responding to pathogens and coordinating other immune cells. As the counterpart of helper T cells, ILC3s together with other ILC subsets establish the immune balance between adaptive and innate immunity in protecting us from invasion or encounter with non-self-antigens for maintaining a complex homeostasis. In this review, we summarize recent advances in our understanding of ILCs, with a particular focus on the function of ILC3s in their involvement in bacterial infection and disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayana Mori
- Immunobiology Laboratory, School of Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-22, Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
- Laboratory for Intestinal Ecosystem, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, 1-7-22, Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama City, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ohno
- Laboratory for Intestinal Ecosystem, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, 1-7-22, Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama City, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-22, Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
- Laboratory for Immune Regulation, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Naoko Satoh-Takayama
- Laboratory for Intestinal Ecosystem, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, 1-7-22, Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama City, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan.
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-22, Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan.
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21
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Abstract
For our immune system to contain or eliminate malignant solid tumours, both myeloid and lymphoid haematopoietic cells must not only extravasate from the bloodstream into the tumour tissue but also further migrate to various specialized niches of the tumour microenvironment to functionally interact with each other, with non-haematopoietic stromal cells and, ultimately, with cancer cells. These interactions regulate local immune cell survival, proliferative expansion, differentiation and their execution of pro-tumour or antitumour effector functions, which collectively determine the outcome of spontaneous or therapeutically induced antitumour immune responses. None of these interactions occur randomly but are orchestrated and critically depend on migratory guidance cues provided by chemokines, a large family of chemotactic cytokines, and their receptors. Understanding the functional organization of the tumour immune microenvironment inevitably requires knowledge of the multifaceted roles of chemokines in the recruitment and positioning of its cellular constituents. Gaining such knowledge will not only generate new insights into the mechanisms underlying antitumour immunity or immune tolerance but also inform the development of biomarkers (or 'biopatterns') based on spatial tumour tissue analyses, as well as novel strategies to therapeutically engineer immune responses in patients with cancer. Here we will discuss recent observations on the role of chemokines in the tumour microenvironment in the context of our knowledge of their physiological functions in development, homeostasis and antimicrobial responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten R Mempel
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Julia K Lill
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lukas M Altenburger
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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22
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Agrawal A, Lasli S, Javanmardi Y, Coursier D, Micalet A, Watson S, Shahreza S, Serwinski B, Djordjevic B, Szita N, Cheema U, Bertazzo S, Calvo F, Moeendarbary E. Stromal cells regulate mechanics of tumour spheroid. Mater Today Bio 2023; 23:100821. [PMID: 37868949 PMCID: PMC10585335 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The remarkable contractility and force generation ability exhibited by cancer cells empower them to overcome the resistance and steric hindrance presented by a three-dimensional, interconnected matrix. Cancer cells disseminate by actively remodelling and deforming their extracellular matrix (ECM). The process of tumour growth and its ECM remodelling have been extensively studied, but the effect of the cellular tumour microenvironment (TME) has been ignored in most studies that investigated tumour-cell-mediated ECM deformations and realignment. This study reports the integration of stromal cells in spheroid contractility assays that impacts the ECM remodelling and invasion abilities of cancer spheroids. To investigate this, we developed a novel multilayer in vitro assay that incorporates stromal cells and quantifies the contractile deformations that tumour spheroids exert on the ECM. We observed a negative correlation between the spheroid invasion potential and the levels of collagen deformation. The presence of stromal cells significantly increased cancer cell invasiveness and altered the cancer cells' ability to deform and realign collagen gel, due to upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines. Interestingly, this was observed consistently in both metastatic and non-metastatic cancer cells. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of the vital role played by the cellular TME in regulating the invasive outgrowth of cancer cells and underscore the potential of utilising matrix deformation measurements as a biophysical marker for evaluating invasiveness and informing targeted therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayushi Agrawal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Soufian Lasli
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Yousef Javanmardi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Diane Coursier
- 199 Biotechnologies Ltd, Gloucester Road, London, W2 6LD, UK
| | - Auxtine Micalet
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 7JE, UK
- Department of Targeted Intervention, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Sara Watson
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Somayeh Shahreza
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Bianca Serwinski
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 7JE, UK
- 199 Biotechnologies Ltd, Gloucester Road, London, W2 6LD, UK
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Northeastern University London, London, E1W 1LP, UK
| | - Boris Djordjevic
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 7JE, UK
- 199 Biotechnologies Ltd, Gloucester Road, London, W2 6LD, UK
| | - Nicolas Szita
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Umber Cheema
- Department of Targeted Intervention, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Sergio Bertazzo
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Fernando Calvo
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Cantabria), Santander, Spain
| | - Emad Moeendarbary
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 7JE, UK
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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23
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Srivastava RK, Sapra L, Bhardwaj A, Mishra PK, Verma B, Baig Z. Unravelling the immunobiology of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs): Implications in health and disease. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2023; 74:56-75. [PMID: 37743134 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2023.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), a growing class of immune cells, imitate the appearance and abilities of T cells. However, unlike T cells, ILCs lack acquired antigen receptors, and they also do not undergo clonal selection or proliferation in response to antigenic stimuli. Despite lacking antigen-specific receptors, ILCs respond quickly to signals from infected or damaged tissues and generate an array of cytokines that regulate the development of adaptive immune response. ILCs can be categorized into four types based on their signature cytokines and transcription factors: ILC1, ILC2, ILC3 (including Lymphoid Tissue inducer- LTi cells), and regulatory ILCs (ILCregs). ILCs play key functions in controlling and resolving inflammation, and variations in their proportion are linked to various pathological diseases including cancer, gastrointestinal, pulmonary, and skin diseases. We highlight current advancements in the biology and classification of ILCs in this review. Additionally, we provide a thorough overview of their contributions to several inflammatory bone-related pathologies, including osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, periodontitis, and ankylosing spondylitis. Understanding the multiple functions of ILCs in both physiological and pathological conditions will further mobilize future research towards targeting ILCs for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupesh K Srivastava
- Translational Immunology, Osteoimmunology & Immunoporosis Lab (TIOIL), Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi 110029, India.
| | - Leena Sapra
- Translational Immunology, Osteoimmunology & Immunoporosis Lab (TIOIL), Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Asha Bhardwaj
- Translational Immunology, Osteoimmunology & Immunoporosis Lab (TIOIL), Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi 110029, India
| | | | - Bhupendra Verma
- Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences(AIIMS), New Delhi-110029, India
| | - Zainab Baig
- Translational Immunology, Osteoimmunology & Immunoporosis Lab (TIOIL), Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi 110029, India
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24
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Zhang K, Yue J, Yin L, Chen J, Chen Y, Hu L, Shen J, Yu N, Gong Y, Liu Z. Comprehensive bioinformatics analysis revealed potential key genes and pathways underlying abdominal aortic aneurysm. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2023; 21:5423-5433. [PMID: 38022704 PMCID: PMC10665597 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.10.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a permanent, asymptomatic segmental dilatation of the abdominal aorta, with a high mortality risk upon rupture. Identification of potential key genes and pathways may help to develop curative drugs for AAA. We conducted RNA-seq on abdominal aortic tissues from both AAA patients and normal individuals as a control group. Integrated bioinformatic analysis was subsequently performed to comprehensively reveal potential key genes and pathways. A total of 1148 differential expressed genes (DEGs) (631 up-regulated and 517 down-regulated) were identified in our study. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis revealed enrichment in terms related to extracellular matrix organization, while KEGG analysis indicated enrichment in hematopoietic cell lineage and ECM-receptor interaction. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis revealed several candidate key genes, and differential expression of 6 key genes (CXCL8, CCL2, PTGS2, SELL, CCR7, and CXCL1) was validated by Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis demonstrated these genes' high discriminatory ability between AAA and normal tissues. Immunohistochemistry indicated that several key genes were highly expressed in AAA tissues. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed differential distribution patterns of these identified key genes among various cell types. 26 potential drugs linked to our key genes were found through DGIdb. Overall, our study provides a comprehensive evaluation of potential key genes and pathways in AAA, which could pave the way for the development of curative pharmacological therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaijie Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310009, China
| | - Jianing Yue
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Li Yin
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310009, China
| | - Jinyi Chen
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310009, China
| | - Yunlu Chen
- Clinical Research Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310009, China
| | - Lanting Hu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310009, China
| | - Jian Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Naiji Yu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310009, China
| | - Yunxia Gong
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310009, China
| | - Zhenjie Liu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310009, China
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25
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Dewi DAR, Djatmiko CBP, Rachmawati I, Arkania N, Wiliantari NM, Nadhira F. Immunopathogenesis of Type 1 and Type 2 Leprosy Reaction: An Update Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e49155. [PMID: 38130570 PMCID: PMC10733783 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.49155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Leprosy reactions are acute exacerbations of the signs and symptoms of leprosy occurring during the natural course of the disease and during or after treatment. Left untreated or improperly managed, reactions can lead to severe nerve function impairment and subsequently to disabilities. In the present context of leprosy eradication efforts, leprosy reactions continue to pose a significant and enduring challenge. Type 1 leprosy reaction and type 2 leprosy reaction are substantial contributors to nerve impairment and the subsequent development of enduring impairments. The study of immunopathogenesis of leprosy reactions has emerged as a significant area of research due to its potential to identify critical targets for the early detection and management of these episodes. This study aims to reveal the pathogenesis of type 1 and 2 leprosy reactions so that they can form the basis for their treatment. The study used scientific journals from reputable platforms such as PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar to evaluate the pathogenesis of leprosy reaction type 1 and 2 in leprosy patients. This review indicates that the progression of leprosy nerve damage and sensitivity to reactions may be predicted using genetic and serum markers in the human host. A more profound comprehension of the molecular processes underlying leprosy reactions may offer a logical plan for early detection and leprosy reaction complication prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dian Andriani Ratna Dewi
- Department of Dermatovenereology, Faculty of Military Medicine, The Republic of Indonesia Defense University, Bogor, IDN
- Department of Dermatovenereology, Gatot Soebroto Central Army Hospital, Central Jakarta, IDN
| | - Christine Bella Putri Djatmiko
- Department of Dermatovenereology, Faculty of Military Medicine, The Republic of Indonesia Defense University, Bogor, IDN
| | - Indy Rachmawati
- Department of Dermatovenereology, Faculty of Military Medicine, The Republic of Indonesia Defense University, Bogor, IDN
| | - Nabila Arkania
- Department of Dermatovenereology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, IDN
| | - Ni M Wiliantari
- Department of Dermatovenereology, Ratna Dewi Principal Clinic, Bekasi, IDN
| | - Farrasila Nadhira
- Department of Dermatovenereology, Ratna Dewi Principal Clinic, Bekasi, IDN
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26
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Craffert V, Day C, Peter J. New-onset chronic spontaneous urticaria post-COVID-19 vaccination-South African case series. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. GLOBAL 2023; 2:100154. [PMID: 37781658 PMCID: PMC10509972 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacig.2023.100154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Background Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is defined as the spontaneous occurrence of hives, angioedema, or both for more than 6 weeks; several inciting triggers including vaccines have been implicated. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccinations have been well tolerated by patients with CSU. However, reports have emerged of CSU triggered by COVID-19 vaccination and this study describes a South African case series. Objective To provide details of the first case series of new-onset CSU post-COVID-19 vaccination in Africa and summarize the global literature of reported cases to date. Methods All patients referred to our Urticaria Center of Excellence in Cape Town from the initiation of the COVID-19 vaccine rollout in South Africa (from February 2021 to August 2022) were reviewed to identify patients who developed new-onset CSU within 12 weeks of receiving a COVID-19 vaccine. Medical history, physical examinations, and laboratory investigations were reviewed. Results More than 20 million adults received COVID-19 vaccinations in South Africa during the study period. Eight patients had new-onset chronic urticaria post-COVID-19 vaccination; 6 of the 8 patients were female, the median age was 41 years (interquartile range [IQR], 38-44), and all had a history of atopy. Only 1 reported COVID-19 infection post vaccination. Chronic urticaria occurred following Pfizer-BioNTech, AstraZeneca, and Janssen Ad26.COV2.S vaccination in 6, 1, and 1 patient, respectively, with a median of 12 days (IQR, 3-38) from vaccination to symptoms onset. The baseline median score for Urticarial Activity Score 7 was 34 (IQR, 29-40), and 5 of the 8 patients (63%) had a total IgE level of more than 43 IU/L. All patients received high-dose antihistamines, with only 3 patients controlled. Conclusions New-onset CSU can rarely be triggered by COVID-19 vaccinations, most commonly mRNA vaccines. COVID-19 vaccine-triggered CSU appears to have a phenotype similar to that triggered by other inciting agents and across populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valmy Craffert
- Allergy and Immunology Unit, University of Cape Town Lung Institute, Mowbray, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Cascia Day
- Allergy and Immunology Unit, University of Cape Town Lung Institute, Mowbray, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Groote Schuur Hospital, Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jonny Peter
- Allergy and Immunology Unit, University of Cape Town Lung Institute, Mowbray, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Groote Schuur Hospital, Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa
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27
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Koprivica I, Stanisavljević S, Mićanović D, Jevtić B, Stojanović I, Miljković Đ. ILC3: a case of conflicted identity. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1271699. [PMID: 37915588 PMCID: PMC10616800 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1271699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells type 3 (ILC3s) are the first line sentinels at the mucous tissues, where they contribute to the homeostatic immune response in a major way. Also, they have been increasingly appreciated as important modulators of chronic inflammatory and autoimmune responses, both locally and systemically. The proper identification of ILC3 is of utmost importance for meaningful studies on their role in immunity. Flow cytometry is the method of choice for the detection and characterization of ILC3. However, the analysis of ILC3-related papers shows inconsistency in ILC3 phenotypic definition, as different inclusion and exclusion markers are used for their identification. Here, we present these discrepancies in the phenotypic characterization of human and mouse ILC3s. We discuss the pros and cons of using various markers for ILC3 identification. Furthermore, we consider the possibilities for the efficient isolation and propagation of ILC3 from different organs and tissues for in-vitro and in-vivo studies. This paper calls upon uniformity in ILC3 definition, isolation, and propagation for the increased possibility of confluent interpretation of ILC3's role in immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Đorđe Miljković
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković” - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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28
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Berner J, van de Wetering C, Jimenez Heredia R, Rashkova C, Ferdinandusse S, Koster J, Weiss JG, Frohne A, Giuliani S, Waterham HR, Castanon I, Brunner J, Boztug K. Phosphomevalonate kinase deficiency expands the genetic spectrum of systemic autoinflammatory diseases. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 152:1025-1031.e2. [PMID: 37364720 PMCID: PMC10549927 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the isoprenoid biosynthesis pathway, mevalonate is phosphorylated in 2 subsequent enzyme steps by MVK and PMVK to generate mevalonate pyrophosphate that is further metabolized to produce sterol and nonsterol isoprenoids. Biallelic pathogenic variants in MVK result in the autoinflammatory metabolic disorder MVK deficiency. So far, however, no patients with proven PMVK deficiency due to biallelic pathogenic variants in PMVK have been reported. OBJECTIVES This study reports the first patient with functionally confirmed PMVK deficiency, including the clinical, biochemical, and immunological consequences of a homozygous missense variant in PMVK. METHODS The investigators performed whole-exome sequencing and functional studies in cells from a patient who, on clinical and immunological evaluation, was suspected of an autoinflammatory disease. RESULTS The investigators identified a homozygous PMVK p.Val131Ala (NM_006556.4: c.392T>C) missense variant in the index patient. Pathogenicity was supported by genetic algorithms and modeling analysis and confirmed in patient cells that revealed markedly reduced PMVK enzyme activity due to a virtually complete absence of PMVK protein. Clinically, the patient showed various similarities as well as distinct features compared to patients with MVK deficiency and responded well to therapeutic IL-1 inhibition. CONCLUSIONS This study reported the first patient with proven PMVK deficiency due to a homozygous missense variant in PMVK, leading to an autoinflammatory disease. PMVK deficiency expands the genetic spectrum of systemic autoinflammatory diseases, characterized by recurrent fevers, arthritis, and cytopenia and thus should be included in the differential diagnosis and genetic testing for systemic autoinflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Berner
- St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), Vienna, Austria; St. Anna Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, Vienna, Austria; Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Klinik Landstraße, Vienna, Austria
| | - Cheryl van de Wetering
- St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, Vienna, Austria; CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Raul Jimenez Heredia
- St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, Vienna, Austria; CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria; Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christina Rashkova
- St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, Vienna, Austria; Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sacha Ferdinandusse
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Janet Koster
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Johannes G Weiss
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Institute of Developmental Immunology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Alexandra Frohne
- St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sarah Giuliani
- St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hans R Waterham
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Irinka Castanon
- St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jürgen Brunner
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Danube Private University, Krems, Austria
| | - Kaan Boztug
- St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), Vienna, Austria; St. Anna Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, Vienna, Austria; CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria; Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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29
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Patel G, Agnihotri TG, Gitte M, Shinde T, Gomte SS, Goswami R, Jain A. Exosomes: a potential diagnostic and treatment modality in the quest for counteracting cancer. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2023; 46:1159-1179. [PMID: 37040056 PMCID: PMC10088756 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-023-00810-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exosomes are nanosized bio vesicles formed when multivesicular bodies and the plasma membrane merge and discharge into bodily fluids. They are well recognized for facilitating intercellular communication by transporting numerous biomolecules, including DNA, RNAs, proteins, and lipids, and have been implicated in varied diseases including cancer. Exosomes may be altered to transport a variety of therapeutic payloads, including as short interfering RNAs, antisense oligonucleotides, chemotherapeutic drugs, and immunological modulators, and can be directed to a specific target. Exosomes also possess the potential to act as a diagnostic biomarker in cancer, in addition to their therapeutic potential. CONCLUSION In this review, the physiological roles played by exosomes were summarized along with their biogenesis process. Different isolation techniques of exosomes including centrifugation-based, size-based, and polymer precipitation-based techniques have also been described in detail with a special focus on cancer therapeutic applications. The review also shed light on techniques of incubation of drugs with exosomes and their characterization methods covering the most advanced techniques. Myriad applications of exosomes in cancer as diagnostic biomarkers, drug delivery carriers, and chemoresistance-related issues have been discussed at length. Furthermore, a brief overview of exosome-based anti-cancer vaccines and a few prominent challenges concerning exosomal delivery have been concluded at the end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayatri Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - Tejas Girish Agnihotri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - Manoj Gitte
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - Tanuja Shinde
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - Shyam Sudhakar Gomte
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - Roshan Goswami
- Biological E Limited, Plot No-1, Phase 2, Kolthur Village, Medchal District, Shameerpet Mdl, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500078, India
| | - Aakanchha Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India.
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30
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Tsymala
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Max Perutz Labs Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Campus Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karl Kuchler
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Max Perutz Labs Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Campus Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria
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Colin A, Orhant-Prioux M, Guérin C, Savinov M, Cao W, Vianay B, Scarfone I, Roux A, De La Cruz EM, Mogilner A, Théry M, Blanchoin L. Friction patterns guide actin network contraction. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2300416120. [PMID: 37725653 PMCID: PMC10523593 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2300416120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The shape of cells is the outcome of the balance of inner forces produced by the actomyosin network and the resistive forces produced by cell adhesion to their environment. The specific contributions of contractile, anchoring and friction forces to network deformation rate and orientation are difficult to disentangle in living cells where they influence each other. Here, we reconstituted contractile actomyosin networks in vitro to study specifically the role of the friction forces between the network and its anchoring substrate. To modulate the magnitude and spatial distribution of friction forces, we used glass or lipids surface micropatterning to control the initial shape of the network. We adapted the concentration of Nucleating Promoting Factor on each surface to induce the assembly of actin networks of similar densities and compare the deformation of the network toward the centroid of the pattern shape upon myosin-induced contraction. We found that actin network deformation was faster and more coordinated on lipid bilayers than on glass, showing the resistance of friction to network contraction. To further study the role of the spatial distribution of these friction forces, we designed heterogeneous micropatterns made of glass and lipids. The deformation upon contraction was no longer symmetric but biased toward the region of higher friction. Furthermore, we showed that the pattern of friction could robustly drive network contraction and dominate the contribution of asymmetric distributions of myosins. Therefore, we demonstrate that during contraction, both the active and resistive forces are essential to direct the actin network deformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Colin
- Université Grenoble-Alpes, CEA, CNRS, UMR5168, Interdisciplinary Research Institute of Grenoble, CytoMorpho Lab, Grenoble38054, France
| | - Magali Orhant-Prioux
- Université Grenoble-Alpes, CEA, CNRS, UMR5168, Interdisciplinary Research Institute of Grenoble, CytoMorpho Lab, Grenoble38054, France
| | - Christophe Guérin
- Université Grenoble-Alpes, CEA, CNRS, UMR5168, Interdisciplinary Research Institute of Grenoble, CytoMorpho Lab, Grenoble38054, France
| | - Mariya Savinov
- Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York University, New York, NY10012
| | - Wenxiang Cao
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT06520-8114
| | - Benoit Vianay
- University of Paris, INSERM, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives, UMRS1160, Institut de Recherche Saint Louis, CytoMorpho Lab, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris75010, France
| | - Ilaria Scarfone
- Université Grenoble-Alpes, CEA, CNRS, UMR5168, Interdisciplinary Research Institute of Grenoble, CytoMorpho Lab, Grenoble38054, France
| | - Aurélien Roux
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, CH-1211Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Enrique M. De La Cruz
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT06520-8114
| | - Alex Mogilner
- Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York University, New York, NY10012
| | - Manuel Théry
- Université Grenoble-Alpes, CEA, CNRS, UMR5168, Interdisciplinary Research Institute of Grenoble, CytoMorpho Lab, Grenoble38054, France
- University of Paris, INSERM, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives, UMRS1160, Institut de Recherche Saint Louis, CytoMorpho Lab, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris75010, France
| | - Laurent Blanchoin
- Université Grenoble-Alpes, CEA, CNRS, UMR5168, Interdisciplinary Research Institute of Grenoble, CytoMorpho Lab, Grenoble38054, France
- University of Paris, INSERM, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives, UMRS1160, Institut de Recherche Saint Louis, CytoMorpho Lab, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris75010, France
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Adebayo OE, Urcun S, Rolin G, Bordas SPA, Trucu D, Eftimie R. Mathematical investigation of normal and abnormal wound healing dynamics: local and non-local models. MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES AND ENGINEERING : MBE 2023; 20:17446-17498. [PMID: 37920062 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2023776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
The movement of cells during (normal and abnormal) wound healing is the result of biomechanical interactions that combine cell responses with growth factors as well as cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions (adhesion and remodelling). It is known that cells can communicate and interact locally and non-locally with other cells inside the tissues through mechanical forces that act locally and at a distance, as well as through long non-conventional cell protrusions. In this study, we consider a non-local partial differential equation model for the interactions between fibroblasts, macrophages and the extracellular matrix (ECM) via a growth factor (TGF-$ \beta $) in the context of wound healing. For the non-local interactions, we consider two types of kernels (i.e., a Gaussian kernel and a cone-shaped kernel), two types of cell-ECM adhesion functions (i.e., adhesion only to higher-density ECM vs. adhesion to higher-/lower-density ECM) and two types of cell proliferation terms (i.e., with and without decay due to overcrowding). We investigate numerically the dynamics of this non-local model, as well as the dynamics of the localised versions of this model (i.e., those obtained when the cell perception radius decreases to 0). The results suggest the following: (ⅰ) local models explain normal wound healing and non-local models could also explain abnormal wound healing (although the results are parameter-dependent); (ⅱ) the models can explain two types of wound healing, i.e., by primary intention, when the wound margins come together from the side, and by secondary intention when the wound heals from the bottom up.
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Affiliation(s)
- O E Adebayo
- Laboratoire de mathématiques de Besançon, UMR CNRS 6623, Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon 25000, France
| | - S Urcun
- Department of Engineering, Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - G Rolin
- INSERM CIC-1431, CHU Besançon, Besançon 25000, France
- Université de Franche-Comté, EFS, INSERM, UMR RIGHT, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - S P A Bordas
- Department of Engineering, Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - D Trucu
- Division of Mathematics, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 4HN, United Kingdom
| | - R Eftimie
- Laboratoire de mathématiques de Besançon, UMR CNRS 6623, Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon 25000, France
- Division of Mathematics, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 4HN, United Kingdom
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Saini KK, Upadhyay RK, Kant R, Vajpayee A, Jain K, Kumar A, Kumar LS, Kumar R. Design, synthesis, molecular docking and DFT studies on novel melatonin and isatin based azole derivatives. RSC Adv 2023; 13:27525-27534. [PMID: 37720826 PMCID: PMC10500251 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra05531k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to address the pressing demand for newer broad-spectrum antifungal medicines with enhanced activity, computer modelling was utilised to rationally develop newer antifungal azole-based drugs. Based on the drug and active sites of the Lanosterol 14 alpha-Demethylases (LAD) of the prominent fungal pathogen Candida albicans interaction, Novel triazole-linked melatonin and isatin derivatives 7a-d and 8a-d were synthesised using bioisosterism. Besides the experimental synthesis and subsequent characterization, the present study focused on obtaining optimised geometries, frequency calculations, and TD-DFT studies of the synthesised molecules. We also performed molecular docking studies to explore the inhibitory ability of the synthesised compounds against the active sites of the Lanosterol 14 alpha-Demethylases (LAD) of the prominent fungal pathogen Candida albicans. The binding interactions resulted in positive findings, demonstrating the involvement of the synthesised compounds in the suppression of fungal growth. Comparative analysis of the binding potential of the synthesised molecules and commercially available drug fluconazole revealed a remarkable note: the docking scores for the designed drugs 7b, 7c, and 8c are much greater than those of the fluconazole molecule. The in silico study of the designed series of drug molecules serves as an important guideline for further exploration in the quest for potent antifungal agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keshav Kumar Saini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi Delhi 110007 India
- Department of Chemistry, Dyal Singh College, University of Delhi Lodhi Road New Delhi 110003 India
| | - Ravindra Kumar Upadhyay
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi Delhi 110007 India
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara College, University of Delhi New Delhi 110021 India
| | - Ravi Kant
- Department of Chemistry, Government Post Graduate College G.B. Nagar Noida UP 201301 India
| | - Arpita Vajpayee
- Department of Physics, Dyal Singh College, University of Delhi Lodhi Road New Delhi 110003 India
| | - Kalpana Jain
- Department of Physics, D. J. College Baraut UP 250611 India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Dyal Singh College, University of Delhi Lodhi Road New Delhi 110003 India
| | - Lalita S Kumar
- Chemistry Discipline, School of Sciences, Indira Gandhi National Open University New Delhi 110068 India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi Delhi 110007 India
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MINGFU N, QIANG G, YANG L, YING H, CHENGSHUI L, CUILI Q. The antimicrobial peptide MetchnikowinII enhances Ptfa antigen immune responses against avian Pasteurella multocida in chickens. J Vet Med Sci 2023; 85:964-971. [PMID: 37407447 PMCID: PMC10539814 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.22-0579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunostimulants and vaccines are the main means for controlling infectious diseases and searching highly effective and low toxic immunestimulants has always been the focus of researchers. The MetchnikowinII (MetII) had been expressed by us and exhibited both antibacterial and antifungal activities, in this study, we evaluated its potential for an adjuvant effect. In chickens, antigen-specific immunoglobulin Gs (IgGs) were increased after MetII adjuvanted vaccination using the Ptfa protein. Compared to group Ptfa + iFA, which was only adjuvanted with incomplete Freund's adjuvant (iFA), the antibody titers of the group Ptfa + iFA + Met20 μg·mL-1 (PFM20) and Ptfa + iFA + Propolis (PFP) significantly increased (P<0.05). Likewise, Interleukin-2 (IL-2) and Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) cytokines in group Ptfa + iFA + Met20 μg·mL-1 (PFM20) and Ptfa + iFA + Propolis (PFP) were significantly higher than those of the other three experimental groups (P<0.05). The stimulation index (SI) value in chickens of group PFM20 was significantly higher than that of the other four experimental groups (P<0.05). Chickens that received MetII adjuvanted vaccinations benefitted from higher protection rate (88%) when challenged with Pasteurella multocida (P. multocida), which was significantly higher than those of group PF and PFP (P<0.05). These results suggested that the antimicrobial peptide MetII may play an adjuvant role in the immune response in chickens but need a proper usage, because the higher usage of 40 μg·mL-1 and 60 μg·mL-1 resulted poor effect. Whether MetII could be a potential adjuvant or a biomolecule as part of a complex adjuvant for vaccines needs more experimental evidence, the study still provides an examples for understanding vaccine adjuvants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niu MINGFU
- Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Gong QIANG
- Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Li YANG
- Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Hou YING
- Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Liao CHENGSHUI
- Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Qin CUILI
- Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
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35
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Gunst JD, Goonetilleke N, Rasmussen TA, Søgaard OS. Immunomodulation with IL-7 and IL-15 in HIV-1 infection. J Virus Erad 2023; 9:100347. [PMID: 37767312 PMCID: PMC10520363 DOI: 10.1016/j.jve.2023.100347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunomodulating agents are substances that modify the host immune responses in diseases such as infections, autoimmune conditions and cancers. Immunomodulators can be divided into two main groups: 1) immunostimulators that activate the immune system such as cytokines, toll-like receptor agonists and immune checkpoint blockers; and 2) immunosuppressors that dampen an overactive immune system such as corticosteroids and cytokine-blocking antibodies. In this review, we have focussed on the two primarily T and natural killer (NK) cell homeostatic cytokines: interleukin-7 (IL-7) and -15 (IL-15). These cytokines are immunostimulators which act on immune cells independently of the presence or absence of antigen. In vivo studies have shown that IL-7 administration enhances proliferation of circulating T cells whereas IL-15 agonists enhance the proliferation and function of NK and CD8+ T cells. Both IL-7 and IL-15 therapies have been tested as single interventions in HIV-1 cure-related clinical trials. In this review, we explore whether IL-7 and IL-15 could be part of the therapeutic approaches towards HIV-1 remission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesper D. Gunst
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Nilu Goonetilleke
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Thomas A. Rasmussen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ole S. Søgaard
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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36
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Grasso G, Colella F, Forciniti S, Onesto V, Iuele H, Siciliano AC, Carnevali F, Chandra A, Gigli G, Del Mercato LL. Fluorescent nano- and microparticles for sensing cellular microenvironment: past, present and future applications. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:4311-4336. [PMID: 37638162 PMCID: PMC10448310 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00218g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) demonstrates distinct hallmarks, including acidosis, hypoxia, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and altered ion fluxes, which are crucial targets for early cancer biomarker detection, tumor diagnosis, and therapeutic strategies. Various imaging and sensing techniques have been developed and employed in both research and clinical settings to visualize and monitor cellular and TME dynamics. Among these, ratiometric fluorescence-based sensors have emerged as powerful analytical tools, providing precise and sensitive insights into TME and enabling real-time detection and tracking of dynamic changes. In this comprehensive review, we discuss the latest advancements in ratiometric fluorescent probes designed for the optical mapping of pH, oxygen, ROS, ions, and biomarkers within the TME. We elucidate their structural designs and sensing mechanisms as well as their applications in in vitro and in vivo detection. Furthermore, we explore integrated sensing platforms that reveal the spatiotemporal behavior of complex tumor cultures, highlighting the potential of high-resolution imaging techniques combined with computational methods. This review aims to provide a solid foundation for understanding the current state of the art and the future potential of fluorescent nano- and microparticles in the field of cellular microenvironment sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliana Grasso
- Institute of Nanotechnology, National Research Council (CNR-NANOTEC) c/o Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni 73100 Lecce Italy
| | - Francesco Colella
- Institute of Nanotechnology, National Research Council (CNR-NANOTEC) c/o Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni 73100 Lecce Italy
- Department of Mathematics and Physics ''Ennio De Giorgi", University of Salento c/o Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni 73100 Lecce Italy
| | - Stefania Forciniti
- Institute of Nanotechnology, National Research Council (CNR-NANOTEC) c/o Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni 73100 Lecce Italy
| | - Valentina Onesto
- Institute of Nanotechnology, National Research Council (CNR-NANOTEC) c/o Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni 73100 Lecce Italy
| | - Helena Iuele
- Institute of Nanotechnology, National Research Council (CNR-NANOTEC) c/o Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni 73100 Lecce Italy
| | - Anna Chiara Siciliano
- Institute of Nanotechnology, National Research Council (CNR-NANOTEC) c/o Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni 73100 Lecce Italy
- Department of Mathematics and Physics ''Ennio De Giorgi", University of Salento c/o Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni 73100 Lecce Italy
| | - Federica Carnevali
- Institute of Nanotechnology, National Research Council (CNR-NANOTEC) c/o Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni 73100 Lecce Italy
- Department of Mathematics and Physics ''Ennio De Giorgi", University of Salento c/o Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni 73100 Lecce Italy
| | - Anil Chandra
- Centre for Research in Pure and Applied Sciences, Jain (Deemed-to-be-university) Bangalore Karnataka 560078 India
| | - Giuseppe Gigli
- Institute of Nanotechnology, National Research Council (CNR-NANOTEC) c/o Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni 73100 Lecce Italy
- Department of Mathematics and Physics ''Ennio De Giorgi", University of Salento c/o Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni 73100 Lecce Italy
| | - Loretta L Del Mercato
- Institute of Nanotechnology, National Research Council (CNR-NANOTEC) c/o Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni 73100 Lecce Italy
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Al-Homsi AS, Cirrone F, Wo S, Cole K, Suarez-Londono JA, Gardner SL, Hsu J, Stocker K, Bruno B, Goldberg JD, Levinson BA, Abdul-Hay M. PTCy, abatacept, and a short course of tacrolimus for GVHD prevention after haploidentical transplantation. Blood Adv 2023; 7:3604-3611. [PMID: 37163349 PMCID: PMC10368845 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2023010545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Reducing the incidence of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) after haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is warranted. Posttransplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy) is the main agent used for GVHD prevention in this setting. It remains unknown whether costimulation blockade can be safely combined with PTCy and enhance its efficacy. We performed a phase 1b-2 clinical trial to examine the combination of PTCy, abatacept, and a short course of tacrolimus (CAST) after peripheral blood haploidentical HSCT. The primary end point was the incidence of grades 2-4 acute GVHD by day +120. The study enrolled 46 patients with a median age of 60 years (range, 18-74 years). The cumulative incidences of grades 2-4 and 3 or 4 acute GVHD were 17.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 9.2-32.9) and 4.4% (95% CI, 1.1-17.1), respectively. With a median follow-up of 15.3 months, the cumulative incidence of 1-year treatment-related mortality was 4.4% (95% CI, 1.1-17.1). The estimated 1-year moderate-to-severe chronic GVHD rate, relapse rate, progression-free survival, overall survival, and GVHD- and relapse-free survival were 15.9% (95% CI, 8-31.7), 11.7% (95% CI, 5-27.2), 84.1% (95% CI, 73.8-95.7), 85.9% (95% CI, 75.9-97.2), and 66.1% (95% CI, 53.4-81.8), respectively. Toxicities were similar to those expected in patients receiving haploidentical HSCT. This clinical trial showed that the CAST regimen is safe and effective in reducing the rate of grades 2-4 acute GVHD after haploidentical peripheral blood HSCT. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT04503616.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Samer Al-Homsi
- Blood and Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY
| | - Frank Cirrone
- Blood and Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY
| | - Stephanie Wo
- Blood and Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY
| | - Kelli Cole
- Blood and Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY
| | - J. Andres Suarez-Londono
- Blood and Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY
| | - Sharon L. Gardner
- Blood and Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY
| | - Jingmei Hsu
- Blood and Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY
| | - Kelsey Stocker
- Blood and Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY
| | | | - Judith D. Goldberg
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Benjamin A. Levinson
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Maher Abdul-Hay
- Blood and Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY
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Angelidakis E, Chen S, Zhang S, Wan Z, Kamm RD, Shelton SE. Impact of Fibrinogen, Fibrin Thrombi, and Thrombin on Cancer Cell Extravasation Using In Vitro Microvascular Networks. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2202984. [PMID: 37119127 PMCID: PMC10524192 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202202984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
A bidirectional association exists between metastatic dissemination and the hypercoagulable state associated with many types of cancer. As such, clinical studies have provided evidence that markers associated with elevated levels of coagulation and fibrinolysis correlate with decreased patient survival. However, elucidating the mechanisms underpinning the effects of different components of the coagulation system on metastasis formation is challenging both in animal models and 2D models lacking the complex cellular interactions necessary to model both thrombosis and metastasis. Here, an in vitro, 3D, microvascular model for observing the formation of fibrin thrombi is described, which is in turn used to study how different aspects of the hypercoagulable state associated with cancer affect the endothelium. Using this platform, cancer cells expressing ICAM-1 are shown to form a fibrinogen-dependent bridge and transmigrate through the endothelium more effectively. Cancer cells are also demonstrated to interact with fibrin thrombi, using them to adhere, spread, and enhance their extravasation efficiency. Finally, thrombin is also shown to enhance cancer cell extravasation. This system presents a physiologically relevant model of fibrin clot formation in the human microvasculature, enabling in-depth investigation of the cellular interactions between cancer cells and the coagulation system affecting cancer cell extravasation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanouil Angelidakis
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Sophia Chen
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Shun Zhang
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Zhengpeng Wan
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Roger D Kamm
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Sarah E Shelton
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
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39
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Delong LM, Ross AE. Open multi-organ communication device for easy interrogation of tissue slices. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:3034-3049. [PMID: 37278087 PMCID: PMC10330603 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00115f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Here, we have developed an open multi-organ communication device that facilitates cellular and molecular communication between ex vivo organ slices. Measuring communication between organs is vital for understanding the mechanisms of health regulation yet remains difficult with current technology. Communication between organs along the gut-brain-immune axis is a key regulator of gut homeostasis. As a novel application of the device, we have used tissue slices from the Peyer's patch (PP) and mesenteric lymph node (MLN) due to their importance in gut immunity; however, any organ slices could be used here. The device was designed and fabricated using a combination of 3D printed molds for polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) soft lithography, PDMS membranes, and track-etch porous membranes. To validate cellular and protein transfer between organs on-chip, we used fluorescence microscopy to quantitate movement of fluorescent proteins and cells from the PP to the MLN, replicating the initial response to immune stimuli in the gut. IFN-γ secretion during perfusion from a naïve vs. inflamed PP to a healthy MLN was quantitated to demonstrate soluble signaling molecules are moving on-chip. Finally, transient catecholamine release was measured during perfusion from PP to MLN using fast-scan cyclic voltammetry at carbon-fiber microelectrodes to demonstrate a novel application of the device for real-time sensing during communication. Overall, we show an open-well multi-organ device capable of facilitating transfer of soluble factors and cells with the added benefit of being available for external analysis techniques like electrochemical sensing which will advance abilities to probe communication in real-time across multiple organs ex vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Delong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, 312 College Dr., 404 Crosley Tower, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0172, USA.
| | - Ashley E Ross
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, 312 College Dr., 404 Crosley Tower, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0172, USA.
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40
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Singh PN, Byram PK, Das L, Chakravorty N. Natural Polymer-Based Thin Film Strategies for Skin Regeneration in Lieu of Regenerative Dentistry. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2023; 29:242-256. [PMID: 37171125 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2023.0070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Wound healing (WH) is a complex and dynamic process that comprises of a series of molecular and cellular events that occur after tissue injury. The injuries of the maxillofacial and oral region caused by trauma or surgery result in undesirable WH such as delayed wound closure and formation of scar tissue. Skin tissue engineering (TE)/regeneration is an emerging approach toward faster, superior, and more effective resolution of clinically significant wounds effectively. A multitude of TE principles approaches are being put to action for the fabrication of hydrogels, electrospun sheets, 3D scaffolds, and thin films that can be used as wound dressings materials, sutures, or skin substitutes. Thin films are advantageous over other materials owing to their flexibility, ability to provide a barrier against external contamination, easy gaseous exchange, and easy monitoring of wounds. This review focuses on wound-dressing films and their significance and discusses various fabrication techniques. In addition, we explore various natural biopolymers that can be used for fabrication of skin TE materials. Impact Statement In this review article, critical evaluations of natural polymers used in skin regeneration were discussed. Further, the fabrication technology of the 2D and 3D material in wound healing were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lopamudra Das
- School of Medical Science and Technology, IIT Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
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Han L, Wu X, Wang O, Luan X, Velander WH, Aynardi M, Halstead ES, Bonavia AS, Jin R, Li G, Li Y, Wang Y, Dong C, Lei Y. Mesenchymal stromal cells and alpha-1 antitrypsin have a strong synergy in modulating inflammation and its resolution. Theranostics 2023; 13:2843-2862. [PMID: 37284443 PMCID: PMC10240832 DOI: 10.7150/thno.83942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Trauma, surgery, and infection can cause severe inflammation. Both dysregulated inflammation intensity and duration can lead to significant tissue injuries, organ dysfunction, mortality, and morbidity. Anti-inflammatory drugs such as steroids and immunosuppressants can dampen inflammation intensity, but they derail inflammation resolution, compromise normal immunity, and have significant adverse effects. The natural inflammation regulator mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have high therapeutic potential because of their unique capabilities to mitigate inflammation intensity, enhance normal immunity, and accelerate inflammation resolution and tissue healing. Furthermore, clinical studies have shown that MSCs are safe and effective. However, they are not potent enough, alone, to completely resolve severe inflammation and injuries. One approach to boost the potency of MSCs is to combine them with synergistic agents. We hypothesized that alpha-1 antitrypsin (A1AT), a plasma protein used clinically and has an excellent safety profile, was a promising candidate for synergism. Methods: This investigation examined the efficacy and synergy of MSCs and A1AT to mitigate inflammation and promote resolution, using in vitro inflammatory assay and in vivo mouse acute lung injury model. The in vitro assay measured cytokine releases, inflammatory pathways, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) production by neutrophils and phagocytosis in different immune cell lines. The in vivo model monitored inflammation resolution, tissue healing, and animal survival. Results: We found that the combination of MSCs and A1AT was much more effective than each component alone in i) modulating cytokine releases and inflammatory pathways, ii) inhibiting ROS and NETs production by neutrophils, iii) enhancing phagocytosis and, iv) promoting inflammation resolution, tissue healing, and animal survival. Conclusion: These results support the combined use of MSCs, and A1AT is a promising approach for managing severe, acute inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Han
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University; University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University; University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Xinran Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University; University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Ou Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln; Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Xiao Luan
- Biomedical Center of Qingdao University; Qingdao, Shandong, 266000, China
| | - William H. Velander
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln; Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Michael Aynardi
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine; Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - E. Scott Halstead
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State Milton S Hershey Medical Center; Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Anthony S. Bonavia
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Pennsylvania State Milton S Hershey Medical Center; Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Rong Jin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pennsylvania State Milton S Hershey Medical Center; Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Guohong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pennsylvania State Milton S Hershey Medical Center; Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Yulong Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center; Omaha, NE, 68105, USA
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University; University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Cheng Dong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University; University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Yuguo Lei
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University; University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University; University Park, PA, 16802, USA
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Maulydia M, Rehatta NM, Soedarmo SM. Effects of glutamine and arginine combination on pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Open Vet J 2023; 13:613-619. [PMID: 37304602 PMCID: PMC10257461 DOI: 10.5455/ovj.2023.v13.i5.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cytokines were beneficial for diagnosis and treatment, which in clinical situations introduced from the perspective of pro and anti-inflammatory effects. An inflammatory response is commonly associated with various severe traumatic insults that consequently recruit the immune cells into the target organs and causing systemic inflammatory response that can lead to sepsis. Immune-modulating nutrients, such as glutamine and arginine, are known as pathophysiological modulate in inflammation. Aim The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of oral gavage supplementation with a combination of glutamine and arginine on inflammatory cytokines in intestinal mucosa, specifically jejunum. Methods Sixteen Rattus norvegicus rats (average weight 150-200 g) were randomly divided into two groups: groups A and B, both intraperitoneal injected by 2 ml NaCl 0.9%. Group A orally supplemented with 1 ml dextrose 5% daily, meanwhile, group B orally supplemented with 1 ml combination of glutamine and arginine (contains 250 mg/kg glutamine and 250 mg/kg arginine) daily. The experiment lasted for 3 days. We compared the pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10, NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-8, and MMP-8) between the two groups by the Mann-Whitney test. Results More IL-10, TNF-α, and IL-8 cytokine-produced cells found in group A. Group B produced significantly lower TNF-α (p = 0.009) and IL-8 (p = 0.003). The number of NF-κB and MMP-8 were slightly higher in group B. Conclusion Giving a combination of glutamine and arginine as nutrition supplementation has beneficial effects in decreasing almost half of the cells that produce TNF-α and IL-8. Further studies must be carried out to support a standard guideline for this recommendation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maulydia Maulydia
- Doctoral Program of Medical Science, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Nancy Margarita Rehatta
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Universitas Airlangga/Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Subijanto Marto Soedarmo
- Department of Child Health, Universitas Airlangga/Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
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Yu XL, Wu QQ, He LP, Zheng YF. Role of in vitamin D in irritable bowel syndrome. World J Clin Cases 2023; 11:2677-2683. [PMID: 37214583 PMCID: PMC10198110 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v11.i12.2677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common chronic functional gastrointestinal disorder affecting 10%-22% of adults. Its development is closely related to the gut microbiota, and the inflammatory and immune responses triggered by the gut microbiota can lead to IBS. Vitamin D (VD) effectively treats IBS with fewer side effects by improving gut microbiota, immune regulation, and anti-inflammatory effects. In the future, it is necessary to carry out epidemiological studies on the relationship between VD and IBS, clinical studies on the efficacy of supplementing VD to improve IBS, and animal studies on the mechanism of VD improving IBS. Therefore, this paper discussed the relationship between VD and IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Lan Yu
- School of Medicine, Taizhou University, Jiaojiang 318000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Qi-Qi Wu
- School of Medicine, Taizhou University, Jiaojiang 318000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Lian-Ping He
- School of Medicine, Taizhou University, Jiaojiang 318000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yong-Feng Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated People’s Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212002, Jiangsu Province, China
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de Lima JD, de Paula AGP, Yuasa BS, de Souza Smanioto CC, da Cruz Silva MC, Dos Santos PI, Prado KB, Winter Boldt AB, Braga TT. Genetic and Epigenetic Regulation of the Innate Immune Response to Gout. Immunol Invest 2023; 52:364-397. [PMID: 36745138 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2023.2168554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gout is a disease caused by uric acid (UA) accumulation in the joints, causing inflammation. Two UA forms - monosodium urate (MSU) and soluble uric acid (sUA) have been shown to interact physically with inflammasomes, especially with the nod-like receptor (NLR) family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3), albeit the role of the immune response to UA is poorly understood, given that asymptomatic hyperuricemia does also exist. Macrophage phagocytosis of UA activate NLRP3, lead to cytokines release, and ultimately, lead to chemoattract neutrophils and lymphocytes to the gout flare joint spot. Genetic variants of inflammasome genes and of genes encoding their molecular partners may influence hyperuricemia and gout susceptibility, while also influencing other comorbidities such as metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we summarize the inflammatory responses in acute and chronic gout, specifically focusing on innate immune cell mechanisms and genetic and epigenetic characteristics of participating molecules. Unprecedently, a novel UA binding protein - the neuronal apoptosis inhibitor protein (NAIP) - is suggested as responsible for the asymptomatic hyperuricemia paradox.Abbreviation: β2-integrins: leukocyte-specific adhesion molecules; ABCG2: ATP-binding cassete family/breast cancer-resistant protein; ACR: American college of rheumatology; AIM2: absent in melanoma 2, type of pattern recognition receptor; ALPK1: alpha-protein kinase 1; ANGPTL2: angiopoietin-like protein 2; ASC: apoptosis-associated speck-like protein; BIR: baculovirus inhibitor of apoptosis protein repeat; BIRC1: baculovirus IAP repeat-containing protein 1; BIRC2: baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 2; C5a: complement anaphylatoxin; cAMP: cyclic adenosine monophosphate; CARD: caspase activation and recruitment domains; CARD8: caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 8; CASP1: caspase 1; CCL3: chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 3; CD14: cluster of differentiation 14; CD44: cluster of differentiation 44; Cg05102552: DNA-methylation site, usually cytosine followed by guanine nucleotides; contains arbitrary identification code; CIDEC: cell death-inducing DNA fragmentation factor-like effector family; CKD: chronic kidney disease; CNV: copy number variation; CPT1A: carnitine palmitoyl transferase - type 1a; CXCL1: chemokine (CXC motif) ligand 1; DAMPs: damage associated molecular patterns; DC: dendritic cells; DNMT(1): maintenance DNA methyltransferase; eQTL: expression quantitative trait loci; ERK1: extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1; ERK2: extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2; EULAR: European league against rheumatism; GMCSF: granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor; GWAS: global wide association studies; H3K27me3: tri-methylation at the 27th lysine residue of the histone h3 protein; H3K4me1: mono-methylation at the 4th lysine residue of the histone h3 protein; H3K4me3: tri-methylation at the 4th lysine residue of the histone h3 protein; HOTAIR: human gene located between hoxc11 and hoxc12 on chromosome 12; IκBα: cytoplasmatic protein/Nf-κb transcription inhibitor; IAP: inhibitory apoptosis protein; IFNγ: interferon gamma; IL-1β: interleukin 1 beta; IL-12: interleukin 12; IL-17: interleukin 17; IL18: interleukin 18; IL1R1: interleukin-1 receptor; IL-1Ra: interleukin-1 receptor antagonist; IL-22: interleukin 22; IL-23: interleukin 23; IL23R: interleukin 23 receptor; IL-33: interleukin 33; IL-6: interleukin 6; IMP: inosine monophosphate; INSIG1: insulin-induced gene 1; JNK1: c-jun n-terminal kinase 1; lncRNA: long non-coding ribonucleic acid; LRR: leucine-rich repeats; miR: mature non-coding microRNAs measuring from 20 to 24 nucleotides, animal origin; miR-1: miR followed by arbitrary identification code; miR-145: miR followed by arbitrary identification code; miR-146a: miR followed by arbitrary identification code, "a" stands for mir family; "a" family presents similar mir sequence to "b" family, but different precursors; miR-20b: miR followed by arbitrary identification code; "b" stands for mir family; "b" family presents similar mir sequence to "a" family, but different precursors; miR-221: miR - followed by arbitrary identification code; miR-221-5p: miR followed by arbitrary identification code; "5p" indicates different mature miRNAs generated from the 5' arm of the pre-miRNA hairpin; miR-223: miR followed by arbitrary identification code; miR-223-3p: mir followed by arbitrary identification code; "3p" indicates different mature miRNAs generated from the 3' arm of the pre-miRNA hairpin; miR-22-3p: miR followed by arbitrary identification code, "3p" indicates different mature miRNAs generated from the 3' arm of the pre-miRNA hairpin; MLKL: mixed lineage kinase domain-like pseudo kinase; MM2P: inductor of m2-macrophage polarization; MSU: monosodium urate; mTOR: mammalian target of rapamycin; MyD88: myeloid differentiation primary response 88; n-3-PUFAs: n-3-polyunsaturated fatty-acids; NACHT: acronym for NAIP (neuronal apoptosis inhibitor protein), C2TA (MHC class 2 transcription activator), HET-E (incompatibility locus protein from podospora anserina) and TP1 (telomerase-associated protein); NAIP: neuronal apoptosis inhibitory protein (human); Naip1: neuronal apoptosis inhibitory protein type 1 (murine); Naip5: neuronal apoptosis inhibitory protein type 5 (murine); Naip6: neuronal apoptosis inhibitory protein type 6 (murine); NBD: nucleotide-binding domain; Nek7: smallest NIMA-related kinase; NET: neutrophil extracellular traps; Nf-κB: nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated b cells; NFIL3: nuclear-factor, interleukin 3 regulated protein; NIIMA: network of immunity in infection, malignancy, and autoimmunity; NLR: nod-like receptor; NLRA: nod-like receptor NLRA containing acidic domain; NLRB: nod-like receptor NLRA containing BIR domain; NLRC: nod-like receptor NLRA containing CARD domain; NLRC4: nod-like receptor family CARD domain containing 4; NLRP: nod-like receptor NLRA containing PYD domain; NLRP1: nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain, leucine-rich repeat, and pyrin domain containing 1; NLRP12: nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain, leucine-rich repeat, and pyrin domain containing 12; NLRP3: nod-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3; NOD2: nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain; NRBP1: nuclear receptor-binding protein; Nrf2: nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2; OR: odds ratio; P2X: group of membrane ion channels activated by the binding of extracellular; P2X7: p2x purinoceptor 7 gene; p38: member of the mitogen-activated protein kinase family; PAMPs: pathogen associated molecular patters; PBMC: peripheral blood mononuclear cells; PGGT1B: geranylgeranyl transferase type-1 subunit beta; PHGDH: phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase; PI3-K: phospho-inositol; PPARγ: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma; PPARGC1B: peroxisome proliferative activated receptor, gamma, coactivator 1 beta; PR3: proteinase 3 antigen; Pro-CASP1: inactive precursor of caspase 1; Pro-IL1β: inactive precursor of interleukin 1 beta; PRR: pattern recognition receptors; PYD: pyrin domain; RAPTOR: regulatory associated protein of mTOR complex 1; RAS: renin-angiotensin system; REDD1: regulated in DNA damage and development 1; ROS: reactive oxygen species; rs000*G: single nuclear polymorphism, "*G" is related to snp where replaced nucleotide is guanine, usually preceded by an id number; SLC2A9: solute carrier family 2, member 9; SLC7A11: solute carrier family 7, member 11; SMA: smooth muscular atrophy; Smac: second mitochondrial-derived activator of caspases; SNP: single nuclear polymorphism; Sp3: specificity protein 3; ST2: serum stimulation-2; STK11: serine/threonine kinase 11; sUA: soluble uric acid; Syk: spleen tyrosine kinase; TAK1: transforming growth factor beta activated kinase; Th1: type 1 helper T cells; Th17: type 17 helper T cells; Th2: type 2 helper T cells; Th22: type 22 helper T cells; TLR: tool-like receptor; TLR2: toll-like receptor 2; TLR4: toll-like receptor 4; TNFα: tumor necrosis factor alpha; TNFR1: tumor necrosis factor receptor 1; TNFR2: tumor necrosis factor receptor 2; UA: uric acid; UBAP1: ubiquitin associated protein; ULT: urate-lowering therapy; URAT1: urate transporter 1; VDAC1: voltage-dependent anion-selective channel 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordana Dinorá de Lima
- Microbiology, Parasitology and Pathology Program, Universidade Federal do Parana (UFPR), Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | - Bruna Sadae Yuasa
- Microbiology, Parasitology and Pathology Program, Universidade Federal do Parana (UFPR), Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Clara da Cruz Silva
- Microbiology, Parasitology and Pathology Program, Universidade Federal do Parana (UFPR), Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | - Karin Braun Prado
- Genetics Program, Universidade Federal do Parana (UFPR), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Angelica Beate Winter Boldt
- Program of Internal Medicine, Universidade Federal do Parana (UFPR), Curitiba, Brazil
- Genetics Program, Universidade Federal do Parana (UFPR), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Tárcio Teodoro Braga
- Microbiology, Parasitology and Pathology Program, Universidade Federal do Parana (UFPR), Curitiba, Brazil
- Biosciences and Biotechnology Program, Instituto Carlos Chagas (ICC), Fiocruz-Parana, Brazil
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Cantorna MT, Arora J. Two lineages of immune cells that differentially express the vitamin D receptor. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2023; 228:106253. [PMID: 36657728 PMCID: PMC10006341 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2023.106253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Since 1983 it has been known that monocytes and activated T and B cells expressed the vitamin D receptor (VDR) and are therefore vitamin D targets. New data identified two lineages of immune cells that can be differentiated by the expression of the VDR. Monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, and hematopoietic stem cells were mostly from VDR positive lineages. T cells, ILC1 and ILC3 were also largely VDR positive, which is consistent with the known effects of vitamin D as regulators of type-1 and type-3 immunity. Activation of the VDR negative T cells did not induce the expression of the VDR reporter, suggesting that perhaps only a subset of the T cells in the periphery express the VDR. When activated, the VDR negative T cells responded as if they were VDR knockout T cells in that they made more IFN-γ and proliferated faster than the VDR positive T cells. The ability of vitamin D to regulate immune function will depend on which cells express the VDR and a better understanding of the signals that regulate VDR expression in immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita T Cantorna
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States.
| | - Juhi Arora
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States
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Romo-Rodríguez R, Gutiérrez-de Anda K, López-Blanco JA, Zamora-Herrera G, Cortés-Hernández P, Santos-López G, Márquez-Domínguez L, Vilchis-Ordoñez A, Ramírez-Ramírez D, Balandrán JC, Parra-Ortega I, Resendis-Antonio O, Domínguez-Ramírez L, López-Macías C, Bonifaz LC, Arriaga-Pizano LA, Cérbulo-Vázquez A, Ferat-Osorio E, Chavez-González A, Treviño S, Brambila E, Ramos-Sánchez MÁ, Toledo-Tapia R, Domínguez F, Bayrán-Flores J, Cruz-Oseguera A, Reyes-Leyva JR, Méndez-Martínez S, Ayón-Aguilar J, Treviño-García A, Monjaraz E, Pelayo R. Chronic Comorbidities in Middle Aged Patients Contribute to Ineffective Emergency Hematopoiesis in Covid-19 Fatal Outcomes. Arch Med Res 2023; 54:197-210. [PMID: 36990888 PMCID: PMC10015105 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2023.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Background and Aims . Mexico is among the countries with the highest estimated excess mortality rates due to the COVID–19 pandemic, with more than half of reported deaths occurring in adults younger than 65 years old. Although this behavior is presumably influenced by the young demographics and the high prevalence of metabolic diseases, the underlying mechanisms have not been determined. Methods . The age–stratified case fatality rate (CFR) was estimated in a prospective cohort with 245 hospitalized COVID–19 cases, followed through time, for the period October 2020–September 2021. Cellular and inflammatory parameters were exhaustively investigated in blood samples by laboratory test, multiparametric flow cytometry and multiplex immunoassays. Results . The CFR was 35.51%, with 55.2% of deaths recorded in middle–aged adults. On admission, hematological cell differentiation, physiological stress and inflammation parameters, showed distinctive profiles of potential prognostic value in patients under 65 at 7 d follow–up. Pre–existing metabolic conditions were identified as risk factors of poor outcomes. Chronic kidney disease (CKD), as single comorbidity or in combination with diabetes, had the highest risk for COVID–19 fatality. Of note, fatal outcomes in middle–aged patients were marked from admission by an inflammatory landscape and emergency myeloid hematopoiesis at the expense of functional lymphoid innate cells for antiviral immunosurveillance, including NK and dendritic cell subsets. Conclusions . Comorbidities increased the development of imbalanced myeloid phenotype, rendering middle–aged individuals unable to effectively control SARS–CoV–2. A predictive signature of high–risk outcomes at day 7 of disease evolution as a tool for their early stratification in vulnerable populations is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubí Romo-Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente, Delegación Puebla, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Puebla, México; Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - Karla Gutiérrez-de Anda
- Hospital General de Zona 5, Delegación Puebla, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Puebla, México
| | - Jebea A López-Blanco
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente, Delegación Puebla, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Puebla, México
| | - Gabriela Zamora-Herrera
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente, Delegación Puebla, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Puebla, México; Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - Paulina Cortés-Hernández
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente, Delegación Puebla, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Puebla, México
| | - Gerardo Santos-López
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente, Delegación Puebla, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Puebla, México
| | - Luis Márquez-Domínguez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente, Delegación Puebla, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Puebla, México
| | | | - Dalia Ramírez-Ramírez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente, Delegación Puebla, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Puebla, México
| | | | - Israel Parra-Ortega
- Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Osbaldo Resendis-Antonio
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN) & Coordinación de la Investigación Científica-Red de Apoyo a la Investigación-Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Constantino López-Macías
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunoquímica, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Laura C Bonifaz
- Coordinación de Investigación en Salud, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Lourdes A Arriaga-Pizano
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunoquímica, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México
| | | | - Eduardo Ferat-Osorio
- Dirección de Educación e Investigación en Salud, Hospital de Especialidades del Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Antonieta Chavez-González
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Oncológicas, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Samuel Treviño
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla. Puebla, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Brambila
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla. Puebla, Mexico
| | - Miguel Ángel Ramos-Sánchez
- Unidad de Medicina Familiar 57. Delegación Puebla, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Puebla, México; Hospital General de Zona 20, Delegación Puebla, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Puebla, México
| | - Ricardo Toledo-Tapia
- Hospital General de Zona 20, Delegación Puebla, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Puebla, México
| | - Fabiola Domínguez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente, Delegación Puebla, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Puebla, México
| | - Jorge Bayrán-Flores
- Hospital General de Zona 5, Delegación Puebla, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Puebla, México
| | - Alejandro Cruz-Oseguera
- Hospital General de Zona 5, Delegación Puebla, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Puebla, México
| | - Julio Roberto Reyes-Leyva
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente, Delegación Puebla, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Puebla, México
| | - Socorro Méndez-Martínez
- Coordinación de Planeación y Enlace Institucional, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Delegación Puebla, México
| | - Jorge Ayón-Aguilar
- Coordinación Médica de Investigación en Salud, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Delegación Puebla, México
| | - Aurora Treviño-García
- Órganos de Operación Administrativa Desconcentrada, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Delegación Puebla, México
| | - Eduardo Monjaraz
- Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - Rosana Pelayo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente, Delegación Puebla, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Puebla, México; Unidad de Educación e Investigación, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México.
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Song J, Kim SJ, Gollamudi J, Thiagarajan P, Prchal JT. Downregulated KLF2 in polycythemia vera and essential thrombocythemia induces prothrombotic gene expression. Blood Adv 2023; 7:712-717. [PMID: 36343116 PMCID: PMC9984957 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2022008052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Thromboses are major causes of morbidity and mortality in polycythemia vera (PV) and essential thrombocythemia (ET) diseases associated with JAK2V617F mutation. However, the molecular mechanism(s) of increased thrombosis in PV and ET remain unknown. Kruppel-like factor 2 (KLF2) is a transcription factor that regulates expression of genes associated with inflammation and thrombosis; the absence of KLF2 in neutrophils causes thrombosis by inducing tissue factor. We studied the role of KLF2 in regulating prothrombotic gene expression in PV and ET. Neutrophils and platelets KLF2 expression in PV and ET was lower than the controls. Furthermore, in patients with thromboses, KLF2 transcripts were lower in platelets than those without thromboses. JAK2V617F allelic burden was inversely correlated with KLF2 transcript levels, suggesting JAK-STAT pathway may downregulate KLF2 expression. Whole transcriptome analyses of neutrophils and platelets showed that a lower KLF2 expression was associated with an upregulation of KLF2-regulated thrombotic genes. In addition, low KLF2 expression in platelets positively correlated with thrombotic events. In patients with PV and ET, KLF2 expression was induced by pegylated interferon alfa (PegINF-α) but not by hydroxyurea treatments. These data suggest that KLF2 may be a regulator of PV and ET thrombosis and a novel therapeutic target to prevent thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihyun Song
- Division of Hematology, Huntsman Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Soo Jin Kim
- Division of Hematology, Huntsman Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | | | - Perumal Thiagarajan
- Department of Medicine and Pathology, Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Josef T. Prchal
- Division of Hematology, Huntsman Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
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Ibraheim HK, Madhi KS, Baqer GK, Gharban HAJ. Effectiveness of raw bacteriocin produced from lactic acid bacteria on biofilm of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Vet World 2023; 16:491-499. [PMID: 37041833 PMCID: PMC10082751 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.491-499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Probiotics are proven beneficial to health since they enhance immunity against dangerous pathogens and increase resistance to illness. Bacteriocin produced by lactic acid bacteria (LAB), demonstrates a broad inhibitory spectrum and therapeutic potential. This study aimed to isolate LAB-producing bacteriocin and investigate the effect of crude bacteriocin on biofilm from methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Materials and Methods This study used randomly collected 80 white soft local cheeses (40 each from cows and sheep) from different supermarkets in Basrah Province. The obtained samples were cultured and the bacterial suspension of S. aureus was prepared at 1.5 × 108 cells/mL. The crude bacteriocin extracted from LAB was obtained, and the tube was dried and inverted to detect the biofilm loss at the bottom. Results There were 67 (83.75%) LAB isolates. Among 40 milk samples collected directly and indirectly, there were 36 (83.33%). Staphylococcus aureus isolates based on conventional bacteriological analysis and biochemical tests. Molecular testing was conducted to identify LAB and MRSA. Depending on genotypic results, the effect of white soft local cheese (cows and sheep) and the amplification results of the 16S rRNA gene were detected in 46 LAB isolates from white soft local cheese from cows and sheep. Based on the molecular identification of the mecA, results on Staphylococcus determined that only 2 of 36 isolates of S. aureus carried the mecA. Moreover, there were 26 (86.66%) isolates (MRSA) from samples of raw milk from local markets and subclinical mastitis in cows. The ability of LAB isolates was tested. The effects of bacteriocin production on preventing biofilm growth and formation were investigated. Results demonstrated that bacteriocin has high activity. Microtiter plates applied to investigate the ability of S. aureus to produce biofilms revealed that all isolates were either weak or moderate biofilm producers, with neither non-biofilm nor strong biofilm producers found among the tested isolates. Conclusion Lactic acid bacteria demonstrate a high ability to produce bacteriocin. Crude bacteriocin from LAB has a restrictive effect on biofilms produced by MRSA; thus, it can be used to reduce the pathogenicity of this bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanaa Khaleel Ibraheim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq
- Corresponding author: Hanaa Khaleel Ibraheim, e-mail: Co-authors: KSM: , GKB: , HAJG:
| | - Khadeeja S. Madhi
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq
| | - Gaida K. Baqer
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq
| | - Hasanain A. J. Gharban
- Department of Internal and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wasit, Wasit, Iraq
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Liu J, Zhao N, Su SH, Gao Y, Qi B. Anti-Arthritic Effect of Edaravone Against Complete Freund Adjuvant Induced Arthritis via Osteoclast Differentiation and HIF-1α-VEGF-ANG-1 Axis. Drug Des Devel Ther 2023; 17:519-534. [PMID: 36845667 PMCID: PMC9946814 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s391606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bone dysfunction is a crucial problem that occurs during rheumatoid arthritis (RA) disease. Osteoclast plays a significant role in bone resorption and osteoclast differentiation and its enhancement of bone destruction. Edaravone remarkably exhibited free radical scavenging and anti-inflammatory effects. The objective of the current investigation is to comfort the inhibitory effect of Edaravone (ED) against complete Freund adjuvant (CFA) rat model via inhibition of angiogenesis and inflammation. Methods Subcutaneous injection of CFA (1%) was used to induce arthritis; the rats were divided into different groups and received the oral administration of ED. Paw edema, body weight, and arthritis score were regularly estimated. Biochemical parameters were estimated, respectively. We also estimate the level of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), angiopoietin 1 (ANG-1), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). We also checked into how ED affected the differentiation of osteoclasts utilising a co-culture system with monocytes and synovial fibroblasts in arthritis rats. Results ED treatment significantly (P<0.001) suppressed the arthritis score and paw edema and improved the body weight. ED treatment significantly (P<0.001) altered the antioxidant parameters and pro-inflammatory cytokines: inflammatory mediator nuclear kappa B factor (NF-κB), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), respectively. Furthermore, ED treatment significantly (P<0.001) suppressed the level of ANG-1, HIF-1α, and VEGF, respectively. The results suggest that ED suppressed osteoclast differentiation and also decreased the level of cytokines and osteopontin (OPN), receptor activator for nuclear factor-κ B Ligand (RANKL) and macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) in the co-culture supernatant of monocytes and synovial fibroblasts. Conclusion Edaravone could mitigate CFA via inhibiting angiogenesis and inflammatory reactions, which may be linked with the HIF-1α-VEGF-ANG-1 axis and also enhance the bone destruction of murine arthritis via suppression of osteoclast differentiation and inflammatory reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jichao Liu
- Department of Hand and Foot Micro Burn Plastic Surgery, 3201 Hospital, Hanzhong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nan Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Kunming, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shi-Han Su
- Department of Internal Medicine-Neurology, 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yun Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Kunming, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Qi
- Department of Orthopaedics, 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Kunming, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Bo Qi, Department of Orthopaedics, 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Kunming, 650000, People’s Republic of China, Email
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Measures of epitope binding degeneracy from T cell receptor repertoires. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2213264120. [PMID: 36649423 PMCID: PMC9942805 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2213264120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Adaptive immunity is driven by specific binding of hypervariable receptors to diverse molecular targets. The sequence diversity of receptors and targets are both individually known but because multiple receptors can recognize the same target, a measure of the effective "functional" diversity of the human immune system has remained elusive. Here, we show that sequence near-coincidences within T cell receptors that bind specific epitopes provide a new window into this problem and allow the quantification of how binding probability covaries with sequence. We find that near-coincidence statistics within epitope-specific repertoires imply a measure of binding degeneracy to amino acid changes in receptor sequence that is consistent across disparate experiments. Paired data on both chains of the heterodimeric receptor are particularly revealing since simultaneous near-coincidences are rare and we show how they can be exploited to estimate the number of epitope responses that created the memory compartment. In addition, we find that paired-chain coincidences are strongly suppressed across donors with different human leukocyte antigens, evidence for a central role of antigen-driven selection in making paired chain receptors public. These results demonstrate the power of coincidence analysis to reveal the sequence determinants of epitope binding in receptor repertoires.
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